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Zhang C, Pi X, Li X, Huo J, Wang W. Edible herbal source-derived polysaccharides as potential prebiotics: Composition, structure, gut microbiota regulation, and its related health effects. Food Chem 2024; 458:140267. [PMID: 38968717 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Recently, with changes in dietary patterns, there has been increased interest in the concept of food and medicine homology, which can help prevent disease development. This has led to a growing focus on the development of functional health foods derived from edible herbal sources. Polysaccharides, found in many edible herbal sources, are gaining popularity as natural ingredients in the production of functional food products. The gut microbiota can effectively utilize most edible herbal polysaccharides (EHPs) and produce beneficial metabolites; therefore, the prebiotic potential of EHPs is gradually being recognized. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the structural features and characterization of EHPs to promote gut microbiota regulation as well as the structure-activity relationship between EHPs and gut microbiota. As prebiotics, intestinal microbiota can use EHPs to indirectly produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids to promote overall health; on the other hand, different EHP structures possess some degree of selectivity on gut microbiota regulation. Moreover, we evaluate the functionality and mechanism underlying EHPs in terms of anticancer activity, antimetabolic diseases, anti-inflammatory activity, and anti-neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China, 150036
| | - Xiaowen Pi
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiuwei Li
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China, 150036
| | - Jinhai Huo
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China, 150036.
| | - Weiming Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Harbin, China, 150036.
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Chen N, Ding Y, Li X, Li J, Cheng Y, Tian Y, Tian Y, Wu M. Chemical structures and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from Polygonatum kingianum. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:135406. [PMID: 39245127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.135406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of the polysaccharides in Polygonatum kingianum, a Chinese medicinal herb used for both medicine and food, have not been fully studied. This study isolated three polysaccharides (PKP-1, PKP-2, and PKP-3) from the dry rhizomes of P. kingianum, with an average molecular weight of approximately 3137 Da, 5341 Da and 3755 Da, respectively. Structural analysis showed that all the three polysaccharides are fructans with β-D-Fruf-(2→, →6)-β-D-Fruf-(2→, →1)-β-D-Fruf-(2→, →1,6)-β-D-Fruf-(2→ and →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ glycosidic bond type. Notably, PKP-2 contains both acetyl groups and trace amounts of mannose residues. Scanning electron microscopy indicated that each polysaccharide possesses unique surface morphology. Thermal analysis showed that the three polysaccharides have good thermal stability. Rheological studies further revealed that all the three polysaccharides are typical shear thinning fluids. In vitro experiments showed that PKP-1 and PKP-2 significantly promote the secretion of NO and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) in macrophages by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby demonstrating potential immunomodulatory activity. These findings lay a theoretical foundation for the potential application of Polygonatum polysaccharides in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyu Chen
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yunzhang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization, Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Jiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yongxian Cheng
- Institute for Inheritance-Based Innovation of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yong Tian
- Shanghai Zhenchen Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201415, China; Shanghai Zhizhenzhichen Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Yuncai Tian
- Shanghai Zhenchen Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201415, China; Shanghai Zhizhenzhichen Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201109, China
| | - Mingyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
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Wang ZL, Lao J, Xie ZN, He W, Zhong C, Zhang SH, Jin J. Fermentation of Polygonati Rhizoma aqueous extract using Lactiplantibacillus plantarum under the condition of eutrophication. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:359. [PMID: 39033087 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In this experiment, the eutrophication system was established by adding sucrose and yeast powder, and the pH and dissolved oxygen were measured in a bioreactor in real time to study the effect of aerobic environment on the fermentation process of Polygonati Rhizoma extract by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. To further analyze metabolic changes, UPLC-Q-Exactive MS was used for metabolomic analysis and metabolic profiling. Multivariate analysis was performed using principal component analysis and Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis. Finally, 313 differential metabolites were selected, 196 of which were annotated through database matching. After fermentation, the content of short-chain fatty acids, lactic acid, and their derivatives increased significantly, and there were 13 kinds and 4 kinds, respectively. Both compounds and their derivatives are beneficial to the intestinal flora. Consequently, incorporating L. plantarum into the aerobic fermentation process of Polygonati Rhizoma extract within the eutrophic system is potentially advantageous in enhancing the impact of its fermentation solution on the gut microbiota and its effects on human health. Our findings for this kind of edible and medicinal material research and development offer useful insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ling Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Jia Lao
- Resgreen Group International Inc., Changsha, 410329, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Xie
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Wei He
- Resgreen Group International Inc., Changsha, 410329, China
| | - Can Zhong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
- Hunan Shenzhou Chinese Medicine Inc., Zhangjiajie, 427200, China
| | - Shui-Han Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Jian Jin
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China.
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Liu R, Zhang X, Cai Y, Xu S, Xu Q, Ling C, Li X, Li W, Liu P, Liu W. Research progress on medicinal components and pharmacological activities of polygonatum sibiricum. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118024. [PMID: 38484952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonatum sibiricum, commonly known as Siberian Solomon's seal, is a traditional herb widely used in various traditional medical systems, especially in East Asia. In ancient China, the use of polygonatum sibiricum in medicine and food was mentioned in Li Shizhen's Bencao Gangmu of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It was also used in history of India in Vedic medicine. The plant is rich in bioactive substances such as polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoid and alkaloids. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to understand the pharmacological and pharmacokinetics research progress of the major components of polygonatum sibiricum, and to prospect its potential application and development in the treatment of various diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic literature search against major online databases on the Web, including PubMed, ancient books, patents, PubMed, Wiley, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and others. We select the pharmacological process and mechanism of the main components of polygonatum sibiricum in a variety of diseases, and make a strict but careful supplement and in-depth elaboration to this review. RESULTS Several studies have demonstrated the strong antioxidant properties of polygonatum extract, which can be attributed to the presence of flavonoids and other polyphenol compounds; for diabetes and other metabolic-related diseases, polygonatum saponins have particular advantages in regulating intestinal flora and lipoprotein concentration in organisms. In addition, the polysaccharides extracted from this plant have a strong anti-inflammatory effect, which is related to its ability to regulate proinflammatory cytokine and mediators. In the aspect of anti-tumor effect, polygonatum derivatives can induce cancer cell apoptosis mainly by adjusting the cell membrane potential and cell cycle. It is worth noting that the combined action of the main components of polygonatum also offers promising solutions for the treatment of the disease. CONCLUSION Polygonatum polysaccharide has therapeutic effects on many diseases by adjusting cell signal pathways, polygonatum sibiricum have significant advantages in regulating intestinal flora, inducing apoptosis of tumor cells, activating antioxidant processes, etc. Further research and basic exploration are needed to prove the function and mechanisms of the main components of polygonatum sibiricum on related diseases. The study on the immunomodulatory properties of polygonatum revealed its potentiality of enhancing immune function, which made it an interesting subject for further exploration in the field of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilian Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, PR China; The Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Xili Zhang
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Yuhan Cai
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Shuang Xu
- The Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Qian Xu
- The Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Chengli Ling
- The Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410006, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Xin Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Wenjiao Li
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Pingan Liu
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, PR China.
| | - Wenlong Liu
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, PR China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, PR China.
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Pan M, Wu Y, Sun C, Ma H, Ye X, Li X. Polygonati Rhizoma: A review on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, biosynthesis of the main secondary metabolites and anti-aging effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:118002. [PMID: 38437890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonati Rhizome (PR) is a plant that is extensively widespread in the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. It is a member of the Polygonatum family of Asparagaceae. PR exhibits diverse pharmacological effects and finds applications in ethnopharmacology, serving as a potent tonic for more than two millennia. PR's compounds endow it with various pharmacological properties, including anti-aging, antioxidant, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, and sleep-enhancing effects, as well as therapeutic potential for osteoporosis and age-related diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This review seeks to offer a thorough overview of the processing, purification, extraction, structural characterization, and biosynthesis pathways of PR. Furthermore, it delves into the anti-aging mechanism of PR, using organ protection as an entry point. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on PR was obtained from scientific databases (Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, PubMed, CNKI) and books, doctoral theses, and master's dissertations. RESULTS In this investigation, 49 polysaccharides were extracted from PR, and the impact of various processing, extraction, and purification techniques on the structure and activity of these polysaccharides was evaluated. Additionally, 163 saponins and 46 flavonoids were identified, and three key biosynthesis pathways of secondary metabolites were outlined. Notably, PR and Polygonat Rhizomai polysaccharides (PRP) exhibit remarkable protective effects against age-induced injuries to the brain, liver, kidney, intestine, heart, and vessels, thereby promoting longevity and ameliorating the aging process. CONCLUSIONS PR, a culinary and therapeutic herb, is rich in active components and pharmacological activities. Based on this review, PR plays a meaningful role in lifespan extension and anti-aging, which can be attributed to PRP. Future research should delve deeper into the structural aspects of PRP that underlie its anti-aging effects and explore potential synergistic interactions with other compounds. Moreover, exploring the potential applications of PR in functional foods and pharmaceutical formulations is recommended to advance the development of industries and resources focused on healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Pan
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yajing Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chunyong Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hang Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Xuegang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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Lin C, Song D, Wang S, Chu Y, Chi C, Jia S, Lin M, He C, Jiang C, Gong F, Chen Q. Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharides reshape the gut microbiota to ameliorate dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1424328. [PMID: 38898924 PMCID: PMC11185953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1424328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized inflammatory imbalance, intestinal epithelial mucosal damage, and dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharides (PCPs) can regulate gut microbiota and inflammation. Here, the different doses of PCPs were administered to dextran sodium sulfate-induced UC mice, and the effects of the whole PCPs were compared with those of the fractionated fractions PCP-1 (19.9 kDa) and PCP-2 (71.6 and 4.2 kDa). Additionally, an antibiotic cocktail was administered to UC mice to deplete the gut microbiota, and PCPs were subsequently administered to elucidate the potential role of the gut microbiota in these mice. The results revealed that PCP treatment significantly optimized the lost weight and shortened colon, restored the balance of inflammation, mitigated oxidative stress, and restored intestinal epithelial mucosal damage. And, the PCPs exhibited superior efficacy in ameliorating these symptoms compared with PCP-1 and PCP-2. However, depletion of the gut microbiota diminished the therapeutic effects of PCPs in UC mice. Furthermore, fecal transplantation from PCP-treated UC mice to new UC-afflicted mice produced therapeutic effects similar to PCP treatment. So, PCPs significantly ameliorated the symptoms, inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal mucosal damage in UC mice, and gut microbiota partially mediated these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyou Lin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dawei Song
- Mount Jiuhuashan Sealwort Research Institute, Chizhou, China
| | - Shangwen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yunfei Chu
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Changxing Chi
- China Department of Endocrinology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, China
| | - Sining Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chenbei He
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengxi Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fanghua Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiongzhen Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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Zhang A, Wang J, Hu Y, Qiu Y, Dong C. Polysaccharides play an anti-fibrotic role by regulating intestinal flora: A review of research progress. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:131982. [PMID: 38724335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological process affecting multiple organs. It refers to an increase in fibrous connective tissue and a decrease in parenchymal cells in damaged tissues or organs. This may lead to structural damage and functional decline or even organ failure. The incidence of fibrosis is increasing worldwide, and the need for safe and effective therapeutic drugs and treatments is pivotal. The intestinal tract has a complex network of exchanging information with various tissues in the body. It contains a sizeable microbial community of which the homeostasis and metabolites are closely related to fibrosis. Polysaccharides are a class of biomolecules present in natural products; they have potential value as anti-fibrotic prebiotics. Recently, polysaccharides have been found to improve fibrosis in different organs by decreasing inflammation and modulating the immune function and intestinal microbiota. In this paper, we reviewed the progress made in research concerning polysaccharides and organ fibrosis in relation to the intestinal microbiota from the pathogenesis of fibrosis to the relationship between the intestinal flora and fibrosis. Furthermore, we provide ideas and references for future polysaccharide-drug discovery and strategies for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoying Zhang
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; College of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; College of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Yulong Hu
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China
| | - Yuanhao Qiu
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China; College of Medicine, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China.
| | - Chunhong Dong
- Henan Polysaccharide Research Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Polysaccharides and Drugs Research, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046, China.
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Barcan AS, Barcan RA, Vamanu E. Therapeutic Potential of Fungal Polysaccharides in Gut Microbiota Regulation: Implications for Diabetes, Neurodegeneration, and Oncology. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:394. [PMID: 38921380 PMCID: PMC11204944 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review evaluates the therapeutic effects of polysaccharides derived from mushroom species that have medicinal and edible properties. The fungal polysaccharides were recently studied, focusing on their modulation of the gut microbiota and their impact on various diseases. The study covers both clinical and preclinical studies, detailing the results and highlighting the significant influence of these polysaccharides on gut microbiota modulation. It discusses the potential health benefits derived from incorporating these polysaccharides into the diet for managing chronic diseases such as diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Furthermore, the review emphasizes the interaction between fungal polysaccharides and the gut microbiota, underscoring their role in modulating the gut microbial community. It presents a systematic analysis of the findings, demonstrating the substantial impact of fungal polysaccharides on gut microbiota composition and function, which may contribute to their therapeutic effects in various chronic conditions. We conclude that the modulation of the gut microbiota by these polysaccharides may play a crucial role in mediating their therapeutic effects, offering a promising avenue for further research and potential applications in disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Stefan Barcan
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Graham Kerr Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
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Gao Y, Wang J, Xiao Y, Yu L, Tang Q, Wang Y, Zhou J. Structure characterization of an agavin-type fructan isolated from Polygonatum cyrtonema and its effect on the modulation of the gut microbiota in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 330:121829. [PMID: 38368108 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The herbal medicine Polygonatum cyrtonema is highly regarded in China for its medicinal and dietary properties. However, further research is needed to elucidate the structure of its polysaccharide and understand how it promotes human health by modulating the gut microbiota. This study aims to investigate a homogeneous polysaccharide (PCP95-1-1) from Polygonatum cyrtonema and assess its susceptibility to digestion as well as its utilization by intestinal microbiota. The results confirmed that PCP95-1-1 is an agavin-type fructan, which possesses two fructose chains, namely β-(2 → 6) and β-(2 → 1) fructosyl-fructose, attached to the sucrose core, and has branches of β-D-Fruf residues. Moreover, PCP95-1-1 demonstrated resistance to digestion and maintained its reducing sugar content throughout the digestive system, indicating it could reach the gut without being digested. In vitro fermentation of PCP95-1-1 significantly decreased the pH value (p < 0.05) while notably increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), confirming its utilization by human gut microbiota. Additionally, PCP95-1-1 exhibited a significant ability (p < 0.05) to beneficial bacteria such as Megamonas and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the presence of facultative or conditional pathogens such as Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella at the genus level. Consequently, PCP95-1-1 has the potential to positively influence physical well-being by modulating the gut microbiota environment and can be developed as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Gao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- School of Food and Tourism, Shanghai Urban Construction Vocational College, Shanghai 201415, China.
| | - Ling Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Qingjiu Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Jianjin Zhou
- Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Innovative Utilization for Mountain Area, Sanming 365051, China
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Shen K, Zhang J, Zhao Z, Ma H, Wang Y, Zheng W, Xu J, Li Y, Wang B, Zhang Z, Wu S, Hou L, Chen W. Microparticulated Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide shows potent vaccine adjuvant effect. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123802. [PMID: 38218508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Adjuvants are necessary for protein vaccines and have been used for nearly 100 years. However, developing safe and effective adjuvants is still urgently needed. Polysaccharides isolated from traditional Chinese medicine are considered novel vaccine adjuvant sources. This study aimed to investigate the adjuvant activity and immune-enhancing mechanisms of the microparticulated Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharide (MP-PSP) modified by calcium carbonate. PSP demonstrated adjuvant activity, and MP-PSP further showed a higher humoral response compared to PSP. Subsequently, MP-PSP was elucidated to improving the immunity by slowing the rate of antigen release and activating dendritic cells along with interleukin-6 secretion through toll-like receptor 4 signaling, followed by T follicular helper cell and B cell interactions. Moreover, MP-PSP had a good safety profile in vaccinated mice. Thus, MP-PSP may be a promising vaccine adjuvant and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing 210023, China; Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Beijing 100071, China; Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 20 West Temple Road, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhenghao Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Hao Ma
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yudong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Wanru Zheng
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jinghan Xu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yao Li
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Busen Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shipo Wu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongdajie Street, Beijing 100071, China.
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11
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Shen S, Hong T, Liu Z, Liu S, Ni H, Jiang Z, Yang Y, Zheng M. In vitro-simulated intestinal flora fermentation of Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides obtained by different assisted extractions and their fermented products against HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Food Funct 2023; 14:10747-10758. [PMID: 37975749 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04421a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we studied the in vitro-simulated intestinal flora fermentation of Porphyra haitanensis polysaccharides (PHPs) with microwave, ultrasonic, ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction and the protective effect of their fermented products against HT-29 human colon cancer cells. The results showed that PHPs were largely degraded at the 18 h stage of ascending colon fermentation, further greatly increasing the contents of reducing sugars and short-chain fatty acids (p < 0.05). Particularly, the PHPs subjected to ultra-high pressure-assisted extraction (UHP-PHP) showed the highest reducing sugar content of 1.68 ± 0.01 mg mL-1 and butyric acid content of 410.77 ± 7.99 mmol mL-1. Moreover, UHP-PHP showed a better effect in increasing the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes and decreasing the abundance of Proteobacteria and Escherichia coli. PHPs could protect against HT-29 cells by increasing the ROS levels in a concentration-dependent manner, especially UHP-PHP fermented in a descending colon for 24 h. This was related to the up-regulated apoptosis-related genes (Bax and Bak), down-regulated protein expression of Bcl-2 and activation of the p-AKT protein, thereby promoting the apoptosis of HT-29 cells. Our results can facilitate the modification of PHPs and their practical application in the development of intestinal health improving products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Shen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen, 361013, China
| | - Tao Hong
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen, 361013, China
| | - Shuji Liu
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen, 361013, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yuanfan Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Mingjing Zheng
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China.
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen, 361013, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
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12
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Lai Y, Deng H, Fang Q, Ma L, Lei H, Guo X, Chen Y, Song C. Water-Insoluble Polysaccharide Extracted from Poria cocos Alleviates Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea Based on Regulating the Gut Microbiota in Mice. Foods 2023; 12:3080. [PMID: 37628079 PMCID: PMC10453245 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are very effective in treating a variety of bacterial infections, while clinical overuse of antibiotics can lead to diseases such as antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Numerous studies have shown that natural polysaccharides can be used as prebiotics to alleviate antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). Poria cocos is a medicinal and edible mushroom widely used for thousands of years in China, and our former study demonstrated that water-insoluble polysaccharide (PCY) has the potential prebiotic function. Therefore, we simulated the digestion and fermentation of PCY using feces from volunteers, and then administered it to C57BL/6 mice with AAD to study its effects on the gut microbiota and metabolites. The results indicated that PCY effectively alleviated the symptoms of AAD in mice, restored the intestinal barrier function, improved the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), decreased the level of inflammatory cytokines, and changed the structure of gut microbiota by increasing the relative abundance of norank_f__Muribaculaceae and unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae, and decreasing that of Escherichia-Shigella, Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter. This study further demonstrated that PCY is an effective functional prebiotic for improving AAD disease, and provided a new avenue and insight for developing PCY as a functional food or prebiotic for alleviating gastrointestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (Y.L.); (Q.F.); (L.M.); (H.L.); (X.G.)
| | - Huiling Deng
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401121, China; (H.D.); (Y.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Administration, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Qi Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (Y.L.); (Q.F.); (L.M.); (H.L.); (X.G.)
| | - Linhua Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (Y.L.); (Q.F.); (L.M.); (H.L.); (X.G.)
| | - Hui Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (Y.L.); (Q.F.); (L.M.); (H.L.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiurong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (Y.L.); (Q.F.); (L.M.); (H.L.); (X.G.)
| | - Ya Chen
- Chongqing Academy of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401121, China; (H.D.); (Y.C.)
| | - Can Song
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China; (Y.L.); (Q.F.); (L.M.); (H.L.); (X.G.)
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13
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Zheng T, Shi X, Nie S, Yin L, Zhu J, Yu E, Shen H, Mo F. Effects of Chinese herbal diet on hematopoiesis, immunity, and intestines of mice exposed to different doses of radiation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15473. [PMID: 37131450 PMCID: PMC10149268 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy causes a series of side effects in patients with malignant tumors. Polygonati Rhizoma, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, and Epimedii Folium are all traditional Chinese herbs with varieties of functions such as anti-radiation and immune regulation. In this study, the above three herbs were used as a herbal diet to study their effects on the hematopoietic, immune, and intestinal systems of mice exposed to three doses of radiation. Our study showed that the diet had no radiation-protective effect on the hematopoietic and immune systems. However, at the radiation dose of 4 Gy and 8 Gy, the diet showed an obvious radiation-protective effect on intestinal crypts. At the dose of 8 Gy, we also found that the Chinese herbal diet had an anti-radiation effect on reducing the loss of the inhibitory nNOS+ neurons in the intestine. That provides a new diet for relieving the symptoms of hyperperistalsis and diarrhea in patients after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zheng
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaohui Shi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuang Nie
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lifeng Yin
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Enda Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Fengfeng Mo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Road, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangyin Rd, Shanghai 200433, China.
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14
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Liang X, Liu H, Wei Z, Ye G, Xu L, Ye Y, Qin J. Modulation of gut flore by dietary fibers from Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.: Evaluation of fermentation characteristics using a colonic in vitro fermentation model. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
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15
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Hu Y, Tang Y, Zhang Z, Guo X, Wu Z, Li Z, Yu H, Li W. Recent advances in polysaccharides from the genus Polygonatum: Isolation, structures, bioactivities, and application. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
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16
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Liu D, Tang W, Han C, Nie S. Advances in Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structure, biosynthesis, and bioactivity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1074671. [PMID: 36545471 PMCID: PMC9760828 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1074671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricum has been used as food and medicine for thousands of years, and P. sibiricum polysaccharides (PSPs) have become the hot research spot due to their various health-promoting functions. Numerous studies have shown that PSPs possess huge potential in the application of functional food and medicine fields. However, the research status and features of the preparation process, molecular structure, and bioactivities of PSPs are unclear. Therefore, this review makes a comprehensive summary and proposes new insights and guidelines for the extraction, purification, structural features, biosynthesis, and multiple bioactivities of PSPs. Notably, it is concluded that PSPs mainly contain several types of polysaccharides, including fructan, pectin, galactomannan, glucomannans, arabinogalactan, and galactan, and multiple bioactivates, including osteogenic activity, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-depression, antioxidant, antiglycation, and protective effect against neurotoxicity and gut microbiota regulating activity. This review contributes to the structure-function study and resource utilization of P. sibiricum and its polysaccharides in food fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wei Tang
| | - Chao Han
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Shaoping Nie
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17
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Wang D, Wang JX, Yan C, Liu Y, Liu H, Li D, Zhu J, Luo ZB, Han SZ, Jin ZY, Chang SY, Yang LH, Kang JD, Quan LH. Gastrodia elata Blume extract improves high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes by regulating gut microbiota and bile acid profile. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1091712. [PMID: 36532435 PMCID: PMC9756436 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1091712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to characterize the anti-type 2 diabetes (T2D) effects of Gastrodia elata Blume extract (GEBE) and determine whether these are mediated through modification of the gut microbiota and bile acids. Mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD), with or without GEBE, and we found that GEBE significantly ameliorated the HFD-induced hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation by upregulating glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and inhibiting the toll-like receptor 4-nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway in white adipose tissue (WAT). In addition, we found that GEBE increased the abundance of Faecalibaculum and Lactobacillus, and altered the serum bile acid concentrations, with a significant increase in deoxycholic acid. The administration of combined antibiotics to mice to eliminate their intestinal microbiota caused a loss of the protective effects of GEBE. Taken together, these findings suggest that GEBE ameliorates T2D by increasing GLUT4 expression in WAT, remodeling the gut microbiota, and modifying serum bile acid concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqi Wang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jun-Xia Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Chunri Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Yize Liu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Hongye Liu
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Dongxu Li
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zhao-Bo Luo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Han
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Zheng-Yun Jin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Shuang-Yan Chang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Liu-Hui Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Lin-Hu Quan
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University and Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
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18
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Zhu H, Guo L, Yu D, Du X. New insights into immunomodulatory properties of lactic acid bacteria fermented herbal medicines. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1073922. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1073922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought more attention to the immune system, the body’s defense against infectious diseases. The immunomodulatory ability of traditional herbal medicine has been confirmed through clinical trial research, and has obvious advantages over prescription drugs due to its high number of potential targets and low toxicity. The active compounds of herbal drugs primarily include polysaccharides, saponins, flavonoids, and phenolics and can be modified to produce new active compounds after lactic acid bacteria (LAB) fermentation. LAB, primary source of probiotics, can produce additional immunomodulatory metabolites such as exopolysaccharides, short-chain fatty acids, and bacteriocins. Moreover, several compounds from herbal medicines can promote the growth and production of LAB-based immune active metabolites. Thus, LAB-mediated fermentation of herbal medicines has become a novel strategy for regulating human immune responses. The current review discusses the immunomodulatory properties and active compounds of LAB fermented herbal drugs, the interaction between LAB and herbal medicines, and changes in immunoregulatory components that occur during fermentation. This study also discusses the mechanisms by which LAB-fermented herbal medicines regulate the immune response, including activation of the innate or adaptive immune system and the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis.
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19
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Lai Y, Fang Q, Guo X, Lei H, Zhou Q, Wu N, Song C. Effect of polysaccharides from Dictyophora indusiata on regulating gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in mice. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01596-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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20
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Lai Y, Yu H, Deng H, Fang Q, Lei H, Liu L, Wu N, Guo X, Song C. Three main metabolites from Wolfiporia cocos (F. A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb regulate the gut microbiota in mice: A comparative study using microbiome-metabolomics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:911140. [PMID: 35991887 PMCID: PMC9382301 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.911140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wolfiporia cocos (F. A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb, also known as Poria cocos is an ancient edible and medicinal mushroom that has been valued for thousands of years for its tranquilizing, diuretic, and spleen-enhancing properties. Because of the mushroom’s complex composition, its pharmacological effects have not been fully clarified. Therefore, to expand our knowledge of these effects from a pharmacological perspective and exploit potential medicinal value of fungal mushroom, we extracted three main metabolites from P. cocos, including water-soluble polysaccharides (PCX), water-insoluble polysaccharides (PCY), and triterpenoid saponins (PCZ) for intragastric injection into mice. These injections were made to explore the component’s effects on the mice’s gut microbiota and their metabolomics. The microbiota analysis showed that PCY had the strongest effect on regulating gut microbiota through altering its composition and increasing the number of Lactobacillus (p < 0.01). A total of 1,828 metabolites were detected using metabolomics methods, and the results showed that the three main active metabolites of P. cocos significantly changed the content of short-chain peptides in intestinal metabolites. In conclusion, our study further investigated the pharmacological functions of P. cocos, and revealed the differing effects of its three main metabolites on gut microbiota. The results suggested that PCY is a prominent prebiotic, and provided us with new insights into the potential development of fungal polysaccharides in Chinese traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hailun Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Huiling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Condiment Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, Chongqing Institute for Food and Drug Administration, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Hui Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Nannan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiurong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiurong Guo, ; Can Song,
| | - Can Song
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiurong Guo, ; Can Song,
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21
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Luo L, Qiu Y, Gong L, Wang W, Wen R. A Review of Polygonatum Mill. Genus: Its Taxonomy, Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological Effect Due to Processing Changes. Molecules 2022; 27:4821. [PMID: 35956772 PMCID: PMC9369890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Polygonatum Tourn, ex Mill. contains numerous chemical components, such as steroidal saponins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and others, it possesses diverse pharmacological activities, such as anti-aging, anti-tumor, immunological regulation, as well as blood glucose management and fat reducing properties. AIM OF THE REVIEW This study reviews the current state of research on the systematic categorization, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and processing changes of the plants belonging to the genus Polygonatum, to provide a theoretical foundation for their scientific development and rational application. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information was obtained by searching the scientific literature published between 1977 and 2022 on online databases (including PubMed, CNKI, SciFinder, and Web of Science) and other sources (such as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition, and Chinese herbal books). RESULTS The genus Polygonatum contains 79 species, and 233 bioactive chemical compounds were identified in them. The abundance of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant activities, anti-fatigue activities, anti-inflammatory activities, etc., were revealed for the representatives of this genus. In addition, there are numerous processing methods, and many chemical constituents and pharmacological activities change after the unappropriated processing. CONCLUSIONS This review summarizes the taxonomy classification, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and processing of the plants belonging to the genus Polygonatum, providing references and research tendencies for plant-based drug development and further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Luo
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medic Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.L.); (Y.Q.); (R.W.)
| | - Yixing Qiu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medic Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.L.); (Y.Q.); (R.W.)
| | - Limin Gong
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medic Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.L.); (Y.Q.); (R.W.)
- School of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medic Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.L.); (Y.Q.); (R.W.)
| | - Ruiding Wen
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medic Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.L.); (Y.Q.); (R.W.)
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