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Murawa M, Szydłowski J, Andruszko A, Grabarek BO, Sirek T, Fryzowicz A, Kabaciński J, Bernet A, Banaszewski J. Objective assessment of the effect of surgery on limb function after medial femoral condyle free flap harvest: biomechanical parameters. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024:S0901-5027(24)00306-0. [PMID: 39174406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2024.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of medial femoral condyle (MFC) free flap harvest on donor site muscle strength and kinematic parameters of gait. The study included 30 patients treated for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma who underwent reconstruction with an MFC free flap. In each case, the donor site was the left thigh. A dynamometer was used to measure muscle strength, in isokinetic bilateral mode and with concentric contraction for the extension/flexion knee pattern, at 18 months postoperative. In addition, kinematic data were obtained and evaluated. On statistical analysis, no significant difference in muscle strength of the quadriceps muscle was found between the left involved and right uninvolved lower extremities (P = 0.124). Also, when comparing hamstring strength, no statistically significant difference was found between the left involved and right uninvolved sides (P = 0.210). Moreover, spatiotemporal gait parameters did not differ significantly between the involved and uninvolved legs (all P > 0.05), and no differences in kinematic or kinetic parameters were observed. This study reports the effects of MFC free flap harvest on the knee muscle strength and locomotion of patients. For most biomechanical parameters investigated, there was no effect (positive or negative).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Murawa
- Department of Biomechanics, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - J Szydłowski
- Department of Paediatric Otolaryngology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Andruszko
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - B O Grabarek
- Collegium Medicum, WSB University, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland; Gyncentrum, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Virology, Katowice, Poland
| | - T Sirek
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Academia of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hospital for Minimally Invasive and Reconstructive Surgery, Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - A Fryzowicz
- Department of Biomechanics, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - J Kabaciński
- Department of Biomechanics, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
| | - A Bernet
- The Higher School of Strategic Planning in Dąbrowa Górnicza, Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
| | - J Banaszewski
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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Troisi Lopez E, Liparoti M, Minino R, Romano A, Polverino A, Carotenuto A, Tafuri D, Sorrentino G, Sorrentino P. Kinematic network of joint motion provides insight on gait coordination: An observational study on Parkinson's disease. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35751. [PMID: 39170156 PMCID: PMC11337059 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The analysis of gait kinematics requires to encode and collapse multidimensional information from multiple anatomical elements. In this study, we address this issue by analyzing the joints' coordination during gait, borrowing from the framework of network theory. We recruited twenty-three patients with Parkinson's disease and twenty-three matched controls that were recorded during linear gait using a stereophotogrammetric motion analysis system. The three-dimensional angular velocity of the joints was used to build a kinematic network for each participant, and both global (average whole-body synchronization) and nodal (individual joint synchronization, i.e., nodal strength) were extracted. By comparing the two groups, the results showed lower coordination in patients, both at global and nodal levels (neck, shoulders, elbows, and hips). Furthermore, the nodal strength of the left elbow and right hip in the patients, as well as the average joints' nodal strength were significantly correlated with the clinical motor condition and were predictive of it. Our study highlights the importance of integrating whole-body information in kinematic analyses and the advantages of using network theory. Finally, the identification of altered network properties of specific joints, and their relationship with the motor impairment in the patients, suggests a potential clinical relevance for our approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emahnuel Troisi Lopez
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marianna Liparoti
- Department of Philosophical, Pedagogical and Quantitative-Economics Sciences, University of Studies G. D'Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Roberta Minino
- Department of Medical, Human Movement and Well-being Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Romano
- Department of Medical, Human Movement and Well-being Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Domenico Tafuri
- Department of Medical, Human Movement and Well-being Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sorrentino
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Economics, Law, Cybersecurity and Sport Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Nola, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Sorrentino
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, National Research Council, Pozzuoli, Italy
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Rao RP, Sara LK, Perkins ZE, Dwyer MK, Lewis CL. Females with hip pain walk with altered kinematics at peaks and throughout the gait cycle. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2024; 118:106314. [PMID: 39111115 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Females with acetabular dysplasia and/or labral tears (hip pain) exhibit altered walking kinematics, with studies reporting mixed results in sagittal and frontal planes compared to pain-free controls, often conducting only discrete analyses and warranting further investigation. The objective of this study was to investigate discrete and continuous hip and pelvic kinematics between females with and without hip pain in two walking conditions. METHODS We collected kinematic walking data from 69 females (35 with hip pain, 34 controls) using motion capture and an instrumented treadmill in two conditions: preferred and fast (125% preferred). We used a general linear model and one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping to conduct discrete and continuous analyses comparing kinematics between groups, with and without adjustment for gait speed. FINDINGS The hip pain group walked with reduced peak hip extension (Preferred: P = .046, Cohen's d = 0.41; Fast: P = .028, d = 0.48) and greater peak anterior pelvic tilt (Preferred: P = .011, d = 0.57; Fast: P = .012, d = 0.58) compared to controls. From continuous analyses, the hip pain group walked with reduced hip extension during terminal stance (Fast: P = .040), greater anterior pelvic tilt throughout (Preferred: P = .007; Fast: P = .004), and greater contralateral pelvic drop (Preferred: P = .045) during midstance. Adjusting for speed slightly affected p-values, but significance was retained for all prior variables except pelvic drop. INTERPRETATION Kinematic differences between individuals with and without hip pain may provide insight into potential predisposing factors for hip pathology and/or compensations for pain or pathological processes. This work furthers understanding of altered movement patterns in individuals with hip pain and may inform physical therapy treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ria P Rao
- Human Adaptation Lab, Sargent College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Room 110, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Lauren K Sara
- Human Adaptation Lab, Sargent College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Room 110, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Zoe E Perkins
- Human Adaptation Lab, Sargent College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Room 110, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
| | - Maureen K Dwyer
- Newton-Wellesley Hospital, 2014 Washington St, Newton, MA 02462, United States.
| | - Cara L Lewis
- Human Adaptation Lab, Sargent College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave, Room 110, Boston, MA 02215, United States.
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Castiglia SF, Trabassi D, Conte C, Gioiosa V, Sebastianelli G, Abagnale C, Ranavolo A, Di Lorenzo C, Coppola G, Casali C, Serrao M. Local Dynamic Stability of Trunk During Gait is Responsive to Rehabilitation in Subjects with Primary Degenerative Cerebellar Ataxia. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 23:1478-1489. [PMID: 38279000 PMCID: PMC11269439 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-024-01663-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the responsiveness to the rehabilitation of three trunk acceleration-derived gait indexes, namely the harmonic ratio (HR), the short-term longest Lyapunov's exponent (sLLE), and the step-to-step coefficient of variation (CV), in a sample of subjects with primary degenerative cerebellar ataxia (swCA), and investigate the correlations between their improvements (∆), clinical characteristics, and spatio-temporal and kinematic gait features. The trunk acceleration patterns in the antero-posterior (AP), medio-lateral (ML), and vertical (V) directions during gait of 21 swCA were recorded using a magneto-inertial measurement unit placed at the lower back before (T0) and after (T1) a period of inpatient rehabilitation. For comparison, a sample of 21 age- and gait speed-matched healthy subjects (HSmatched) was also included. At T1, sLLE in the AP (sLLEAP) and ML (sLLEML) directions significantly improved with moderate to large effect sizes, as well as SARA scores, stride length, and pelvic rotation. sLLEML and pelvic rotation also approached the HSmatched values at T1, suggesting a normalization of the parameter. HRs and CV did not significantly modify after rehabilitation. ∆sLLEML correlated with ∆ of the gait subscore of the SARA scale (SARAGAIT) and ∆stride length and ∆sLLEAP correlated with ∆pelvic rotation and ∆SARAGAIT. The minimal clinically important differences for sLLEML and sLLEAP were ≥ 36.16% and ≥ 28.19%, respectively, as the minimal score reflects a clinical improvement in SARA scores. When using inertial measurement units, sLLEAP and sLLEML can be considered responsive outcome measures for assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation on trunk stability during walking in swCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Filippo Castiglia
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome-Polo Pontino, Corso Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy.
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Dante Trabassi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome-Polo Pontino, Corso Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Carmela Conte
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome-Polo Pontino, Corso Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Valeria Gioiosa
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome-Polo Pontino, Corso Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sebastianelli
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome-Polo Pontino, Corso Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Chiara Abagnale
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome-Polo Pontino, Corso Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Alberto Ranavolo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome-Polo Pontino, Corso Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida, 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078, Rome, Italy
| | - Cherubino Di Lorenzo
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome-Polo Pontino, Corso Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Gianluca Coppola
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome-Polo Pontino, Corso Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Carlo Casali
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome-Polo Pontino, Corso Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
| | - Mariano Serrao
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome-Polo Pontino, Corso Della Repubblica 79, 04100, Latina, Italy
- Movement Analysis Laboratory, Policlinico Italia, Piazza del Campidano, 6, 00162, Rome, Italy
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Mahmoud A, Romanato M, Squartini G, Ruggiero A, Spigarelli F, Morgantini A, De Tanti A, Spagnuolo C, Sawacha Z. Clinical gait analysis reveals altered walking patterns in critical Covid 19 survivors. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2024; 118:106318. [PMID: 39116645 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Covid-19 has dramatically increased the number of admissions in intensive care units due to respiratory complications. In some cases, the arousal of neurological impairments, such as peripheral neuropathies, have been revealed. The purpose of this research was to characterize the gait pattern and muscle activity changes in Covid-19 survivors compared to physiological gait. METHODS Twelve post-Covid-19 participants admitted to intensive care units and twelve non-disabled controls were considered. Kinematics, kinetics and surface electromyographic data were collected for each participant during walking. Post Covid-19 participants were further divided into two sub-groups, according to the number of days spent in the intensive care units. Lower limb joint angles, moments and powers were extracted as well as the muscle activity of four muscles bilaterally, the spatial, temporal and spatiotemporal parameters of gait and the ground reaction forces. The extracted variables were compared through OneWay-ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests where appropriate (p < 0.05). FINDINGS Overall, the considered parameters revealed statistically significant reduction in gait speed, cadence, range of motion in the sagittal plane, anteroposterior and vertical ground reaction forces between pathological and control participants. Larger alterations of the gait patterns were highlighted in the post-Covid-19 group hospitalized in intensive care units longer than 35 days, where a reduced muscle activity was observed on all the analyzed muscles. INTERPRETATION Results suggested that the severity of gait impairments in post-Covid-19 participants might be correlated with intensive care units-bedding period. Gait biomechanics assessment could be adopted in the clinical decision-making process to improve treatment protocols in post-Covid-19 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Romanato
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Squartini
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Ruggiero
- Santo Stefano Rehabilitation Institute, KOS Care, Porto Potenza Picena, Macerata, Italy
| | - Francesco Spigarelli
- Santo Stefano Rehabilitation Institute, KOS Care, Porto Potenza Picena, Macerata, Italy
| | - Antonello Morgantini
- Santo Stefano Rehabilitation Institute, KOS Care, Porto Potenza Picena, Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Spagnuolo
- Santo Stefano Rehabilitation Institute, KOS Care, Porto Potenza Picena, Macerata, Italy
| | - Zimi Sawacha
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Los Angeles E, de Oliveira CEN, Cupertino L, Shokur S, Bouri M, Coelho DB. Effect of disease, freezing of gait, and dopaminergic medication in the biomechanics of trunk and upper limbs in the gait of Parkinson's disease. Hum Mov Sci 2024; 96:103242. [PMID: 38850765 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) causes gait abnormalities that may be associated with an arm swing reduction. Medication and freezing of gait (FoG) may influence gait characteristics. However, these comparisons do not consider differences in gait speed and clinical characteristics in individuals with PD. OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze the effect of FoG and medication on the biomechanics of the trunk and upper limbs during gait in PD, controlling for gait speed and clinical differences between groups. METHODS Twenty-two people with a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic PD in ON and OFF medication (11 FoG), and 35 healthy participants (control) were selected from two open data sets. All participants walked on the floor on a 10-m-long walkway. The joint and linear kinematic variables of gait were compared: (1) Freezers and nonfreezers in the ON condition and control; (2) Freezers and nonfreezers in the OFF condition and control; (3) Group (freezers and nonfreezers) and medication. RESULTS The disease affects the upper limbs more strongly but not the trunk. The medication does not significantly influence the joint characteristics but rather the linear wrist displacement. The FoG does not affect trunk movement and partially influences the upper limbs. The interaction between medications and FoG suggests that the medication causes more substantial improvement in freezers than in nonfreezers. CONCLUSION The study shows differences in the biomechanics of the upper limbs of people with PD, FoG, and the absence of medication. The future rehabilitation protocol should consider this aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Los Angeles
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | | | - Layla Cupertino
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Solaiman Shokur
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mohamed Bouri
- The BioRobotics Institute and Department of Excellence in Robotics and AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniel Boari Coelho
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil.; Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil..
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Lemineur C, Blain GM, Piche E, Gerus P. Relationship between metabolic cost, muscle moments and co-contraction during walking and running. Gait Posture 2024; 113:345-351. [PMID: 39053123 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic cost of locomotion is a key factor in walking and running performance. It has been studied by analysing the activation and co-activation of the muscles of the lower limbs. However, these measures do not comprehensively address muscle mechanics, in contrast to approaches using muscle moments and co-contraction. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the effect of speed and type of locomotion on muscle moments and co-contraction, and their relationship with metabolic cost during walking and running? METHODS Eleven recreational athletes (60.5 ± 7.1 kg; 169.0 ± 6.6 cm; 23.6 ± 3.3 years) walked and ran on a treadmill at different speeds, including a similar speed of 1.75 m.s-1. Metabolic cost was estimated from gas exchange measurements. Muscle moments and co-contraction of ankle and knee flexors and extensors during the stance and swing phases were estimated using an electromyographic-driven model. RESULTS Both the slowest and fastest walking speeds had significantly higher metabolic costs than intermediate ones (p < 0.05). The metabolic cost of walking was correlated with plantarflexors moment during swing phase (r = 0.62 at 0.5 m.s-1, r = 0.67 at 1,25 m.s-1), dorsiflexors moment during stance phase (r = 0.65 at 1.25 m.s-1, r = 0.67 at 1.5 and 1.75 m.s-1), and ankle co-contraction during the stance phase (r = 0.63 at 1.25 and 1.75 m.s-1). The metabolic cost of running at 3.25 m.s-1 during the swing phase was correlated with the dorsiflexors moment (r = 0.63), plantarflexors moment (r = 0.61) and ankle co-contraction (r = 0.60). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Fluctuations in metabolic cost of walking and running could be explained, at least in part, by increased ankle antagonist moments and co-contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elodie Piche
- Université Côte d'Azur, LAMHESS, Nice, France; Université Côte d'Azur, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Nice, France
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Kwak HD, Chung E, Lee BH. The effect of balance training using touch controller-based fully immersive virtual reality devices on balance and walking ability in patients with stroke: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38578. [PMID: 38968468 PMCID: PMC11224800 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fully immersive virtual reality (FIVR) removes information from the real world and replaces it with computer-generated data, creating the impression of being in a genuine virtual world. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of balance training using touch controller-based FIVR devices on balance and walking abilities in patients with stroke. METHODS The participants were randomly categorized into the FIVR group (n = 18) and control group (n = 18). The control group received conventional therapy for 5 sessions, 30 minutes per week, for 5 weeks. The FIVR group practiced additional touch controller-based FIVR balance training for 3 sessions of 30 minutes per week for 5 weeks and changes in balance and walking ability were measured for both groups. RESULTS Touch controller-based FIVR balance training significantly improved the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and, timed up-and-go (TUG) test results (P < .01). There was also significant improvement in gait abilities, including gait velocity, step length of the affected side, stride length, and single limb support of the affected side (P < .01). CONCLUSION Touch controller-based FIVR balance training improved balance and gait in patients with stroke. These results indicate that touch controller-based FIVR balance training is feasible and suitable for patients with stroke, providing a promising avenue for rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Dong Kwak
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Chung
- Department of Physical Therapy, Andong Science College, andong-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hee Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Welfare, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Malus J, Urbaczka J, Hamill J, Rygelova M, Monte A, Horka V, Uchytil J. Does an acute transition to different footwear conditions affect walking patterns in people with different experiences of minimalist footwear? Gait Posture 2024; 113:258-264. [PMID: 38968820 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Minimalistic footwear provides adequate toe space, tripod function, improving foot function, muscle activation and stability during walking similarly to barefoot walking. Due to the increasing popularity of this specific footwear, there is a lack of research focusing on general users of minimalistic footwear. RESEARCH QUESTION Does annual walking in minimalistic footwear affect gait biomechanics? METHODS Cross-sectional study involving twenty participants in a minimalistic footwear group with both experience (MFE) and no experience (NMFE). Participants walked in three different conditions (barefoot, minimalistic, and neutral footwear) in the laboratory at normal human walking speed. RESULTS A significant main effect of groups regardless of footwear conditions show significantly greater values during walking in minimalistic footwear and barefoot in the stride length (p=0.035, p=0.003, respectively), and stride width (p=0.047, p=0.028, respectively) in the NMFE group compared to MFE group. The significant differences in the main effects of footwear regardless of experience were found in stance time (p<0.001), steps per minute (p<0.001), stride length (<0.001), foot adduction in TO (p<0.001), foot eversion angle in IC and TO (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively), foot progression angle (p<0.001), ankle dorsiflexion angle in IC and TO (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively), in ankle eversion angle in IC and TO (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively), knee flexion angle in IC and TO (p<0.001; p<0.001, respectively), and in knee flexion range of motion (p<0.001). SIGNIFICANCE Based on our findings, barefoot walking should be used primarily during daily activities if the environment is conducive. Only one year of experience with minimalistic footwear seems insufficient and an intervention should be incorporated to change the gait pattern when transitioning to full minimalistic footwear walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Malus
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Urbaczka
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic.
| | - Joseph Hamill
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
| | - Marketa Rygelova
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic.
| | - Andrea Monte
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Veronika Horka
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaroslav Uchytil
- Human Motion Diagnostic Center, Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, Ostrava 70200, Czech Republic.
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Karimi MT, Tahmasebi R, Sharifmoradi K, Fallahzadeh Abarghuei MA. Investigation of joint contact forces during walking in the subjects with toe in gait due to increasing in femoral head anteversion angle. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2024; 238:755-763. [PMID: 38818689 DOI: 10.1177/09544119241248553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Toe-in gait is a pathology in which the child walks and turns the foot inward instead of pointing straight ahead. The alignment of the lower limb structure changes in this disease, increasing the incidence of knee and hip osteoarthritis. This study aimed to determine the kinematic and joint loading in subjects walking with a toe-in gait pattern. This study selected two groups of subjects: normal subjects and those with toe-in gait due to an increased femoral head anteversion angle (each group consisted of 15 subjects). A Qualisys motion analysis system and a Kistler force plate were used to record the motions and forces applied to the leg while walking. OpenSim software (version 3.3) was used to analyze the range of motion, moments, muscle forces, and joint contact forces in both groups of subjects. The mean values of stride length for normal subjects (1.1 ± 0.141 m) and those with toe-in gait (0.94 ± 0.183 m) differed significantly. The mediolateral component of the ground reaction force decreased significantly in the toe-in gait group compared to normal subjects (p-value = 0.05). The peak force of most of the hip joint muscles increased significantly in those with toe-in gait compared to normal subjects (p-value < 0.05). The results of this study showed that those with toe-in gait, due to an increase in femoral head anteversion angle, only had a change in rotation of the pelvic and hip joint. There was no significant difference between walking speed and most ground reaction force components between normal subjects and those with toe-in gait. As the peaks of most of the hip joint muscles increased significantly in the toe-in gait group, this increased joint contact forces (especially the anteroposterior component of the hip joint and the mediolateral component of the knee joint), which may ultimately increase the incidence of hip and knee joint osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Taghi Karimi
- Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Orthotics and Prosthetics Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razieh Tahmasebi
- Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Khurshid MS, Saeed A, Yousuf S. Response to "Reliability, responsiveness, and validity of slow walking speed in community dwelling older adults". Gait Posture 2024; 112:173. [PMID: 38810492 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anzel Saeed
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Pakistan
| | - Sohaib Yousuf
- Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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12
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Varma V, Trkov M. Investigation of intersegmental coordination patterns in human walking. Gait Posture 2024; 112:88-94. [PMID: 38749294 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intersegmental coordination between thigh, shank, and foot plays a crucial role in human gait, facilitating stable and efficient human walking. Limb elevation angles during the gait cycle form a planar manifold describes the by the planar covariation law, a recognized fundamental aspect of human locomotion. RESEARCH QUESTION How does the walking speed, age, BMI, and height, affect the size and orientation of the intersegmental coordination manifold and covariation plane? METHODS This study introduces novel metrics for quantifying intersegmental coordination, including the mean radius of the manifold, rotation of the manifold about the origin, and the orientation of the plane with respect to the coordinate planes. A statistical investigation is conducted on a publicly available human walking dataset for subjects aged 19-67 years, walking at speeds between 0.18 and 2.3 m s-1 to determine correlations of the proposed quantities. We used two sample t-test and ANOVA to find statistical significance of changes in the metrics with respect to gender and walking speed, respectively. Regression analysis was used to establish relationships between the introduced metrics and walking speed. RESULTS High correlations are observed between walking speed and the computed metrics, highlighting the sensitivity of these metrics to gait characteristics. Conversely, negligible correlations are found for demographic parameters like age, body mass index (BMI), and height. Male and female groups exhibit no practically significant differences in any of the considered metrics. Additionally, metrics tend to increase in magnitude as walking speed increases. SIGNIFICANCE This study contributes numerical metrics to characterize ISC of lower limbs with respect to walking speed along with regression models to estimate these metrics and related kinematic quantities. These findings hold significance for enhancing clinical gait analysis, generating optimal walking trajectories for assistive devices, prosthetics, or rehabilitation, aiming to replicate natural gaits and improve the functionality of biomechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhavsingh Varma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Mitja Trkov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
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13
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Jonkergouw N, Sprockel AT, Bruijn SM, Kooiman V, Prins MR, Leijendekkers RA. The significance of frontal plane static alignment in anticipating dynamic knee moment among transtibial prosthesis users: A cross-sectional study. Gait Posture 2024; 112:128-133. [PMID: 38772124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the process of transtibial prosthetic fitting, alignment is the process of positioning the prosthetic foot relative to the residual limb. Changes in frontal plane alignment can impact knee moments during walking, which can either cause or, when aligned properly, prevent injuries. However, clinical evaluation of dynamic knee moments is challenging, limiting prosthetists' insights into dynamic joint loading. Typically, knee joint loading is assessed in static stance using the knee moment arm as a proxy for subsequent dynamic alignment. It remains uncertain if static alignment accurately represents actual dynamics during walking. RESEARCH QUESTION Is the frontal knee moment arm in stance predictive for the knee moment arm and external knee adduction moment during gait in transtibial bone-anchored prosthesis users? METHODS In this cross-sectional study, twenty-seven unilateral transtibial bone-anchored prosthesis users underwent data acquisition on the M-Gait instrumented treadmill. Static and dynamic measurements were conducted, and knee moment arm and external knee adduction moment were calculated. Pearson's correlation and linear regression analyses were performed to examine relationships between static and dynamic knee moment arms and external knee adduction moments. RESULTS The static knee moment arm showed significant associations with dynamic knee moment arm at the ground reaction force peaks (First: r=0.60, r2=35%, p<0.001; Second: r=0.62, r2=38%, p=0.001) and knee adduction moment (First: r=0.42, r2=17%, p=0.030; Second: r=0.59, r2=35%, p=0.001). A 1 mm between-subject difference in static knee moment arm corresponded, on average, with a 0.9% difference in knee adduction moment at the first peak and a 1.5% difference at the second peak of the ground reaction force. SIGNIFICANCE While static alignment is important to optimize adduction moments during stance it may only partly mitigate excessive moments during gait. The fair correlation and limited percentage of explained variance underscores the importance of dynamic alignment in optimizing the body's dynamic load during walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Jonkergouw
- Military Rehabilitation Center Aardenburg, Doorn, the Netherlands; Department of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Astrid T Sprockel
- Military Rehabilitation Center Aardenburg, Doorn, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd M Bruijn
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vera Kooiman
- Department.of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten R Prins
- Military Rehabilitation Center Aardenburg, Doorn, the Netherlands; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ruud A Leijendekkers
- Department.of Rehabilitation, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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14
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Rosada M, Speciali D, Dias de Oliveira FB, Campedelli RR, Rodrigues H, Antonioli E, Ferretti M. Eight weeks of a lower limb resistance training protocol and gait performance in patients with symptomatic mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. J Orthop Sci 2024; 29:1037-1045. [PMID: 37532651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of strengthening the lower limbs to optimize the biomechanics of the hip, knee and ankle during walking in patients with knee osteoarthritis, is still unclear. This study aimed to analyse the walking biomechanics of individuals with symptomatic mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis before and after a simplified lower limb resistance training protocol, focused on knee joint exercises with individualized load. METHODS Forty-one patients with symptomatic and radiographic mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis underwent 3D gait analysis pre-post 8 weeks lower limb resistance training protocol performed 3 times a week. Parameters investigated were spatiotemporal, sagittal range of motion, flexion and extension minimum and maximum values, power and moment of hip, knee and ankle, as well as self-reported pain and physical function by the Western Ontario MacMaster University Osteoarthritis Index. Paired t test, Wilcoxon, Spearman's correlation and a logistic model were used for statistical analysis, with p < 0.05. Pain improvement more than 2 points was considered clinically relevant. The effect size (ES) was calculated using Cohen's d. RESULTS Post protocol walking speed increased 6.7% (ES: 0.711), cadence 3.7% (ES: 0.655), stride length 2.6% (ES: 0.542), and double support time reduced 6.9% (ES:0.459). It was also observed a significant increase in one maximum repetition test for legpress 46%, knee extension 23% and knee flexion chair 27% (p < 0.001). Patients reported a 62.5% reduction in pain (ES:1.518) and 64.9% improvement in physical function (ES:1.376). 82% of the patients presented more than 2 points improvement in pain. No evidence of strong correlations between pain, strength gains and gait parameters were found. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant and clinical improvement of spatiotemporal gait parameters, pain, physical function, and strength after 8-week lower limb resistance training protocol. Patients who had a clinically relevant pain improvement presented better gait performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rosada
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario Ferretti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Baček T, Sun M, Liu H, Chen Z, Manzie C, Burdet E, Kulić D, Oetomo D, Tan Y. A biomechanics and energetics dataset of neurotypical adults walking with and without kinematic constraints. Sci Data 2024; 11:646. [PMID: 38890343 PMCID: PMC11189391 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03444-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have explored the biomechanics and energetics of human walking, offering valuable insights into how we walk. However, prior studies focused on changing external factors (e.g., walking speed) and examined group averages and trends rather than individual adaptations in the presence of internal constraints (e.g., injury-related muscle weakness). To address this gap, this paper presents an open dataset of human walking biomechanics and energetics collected from 21 neurotypical young adults. To investigate the effects of internal constraints (reduced joint range of motion), the participants are both the control group (free walking) and the intervention group (constrained walking - left knee fully extended using a passive orthosis). Each subject walked on a dual-belt treadmill at three speeds (0.4, 0.8, and 1.1 m/s) and five step frequencies ( - 10% to 20% of their preferred frequency) for a total of 30 test conditions. The dataset includes raw and segmented data featuring ground reaction forces, joint motion, muscle activity, and metabolic data. Additionally, a sample code is provided for basic data manipulation and visualisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Baček
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3010, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Mingrui Sun
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hengchang Liu
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Chen
- Monash University, Faculty of Engineering, 3800, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chris Manzie
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Etienne Burdet
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dana Kulić
- Monash University, Faculty of Engineering, 3800, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Denny Oetomo
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ying Tan
- The University of Melbourne, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3010, Melbourne, Australia
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16
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Wang C, Jin B, Lu A. Effects of Cognitive-Motor and Motor-Motor Dual Tasks on Gait Performance in Older Adults with Sarcopenia. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1206. [PMID: 38921320 PMCID: PMC11203043 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12121206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the advent of global aging, the health of the older population has become a critical public health challenge. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dual-tasking on gait performance in patients with sarcopenia. METHODS Thirty participants with sarcopenia (age: 70.73 ± 4.12 yr, MMSE score: 26.90 ± 3.00), including 14 males and 16 females, were selected according to the diagnostic criteria of the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia. All participants were instructed to perform the gait test in three modes: single task (ST), cognitive-motor dual task (CMDT), and motor-motor dual task (MMDT). Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA to evaluate the effects of different task types on gait parameters of the participants. RESULTS (1) Compared with ST walking, gait frequency, step length, and step speed decreased, and the gait cycle and double-support phase increased in patients with sarcopenia during dual-task walking (p < 0.05); (2) Compared with ST walking, gait variability indices such as stride frequency, stride length, and support period significantly increased in patients with sarcopenia during dual-task walking (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The increased difficulty in postural control caused by dual-task interference may reduce the safety of motor strategies in patients with sarcopenia and increase the risk of falls. Future studies should focus on the effects of exercise interventions on multitasking patterns in people with sarcopenia to promote balance function in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baoming Jin
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
| | - Aming Lu
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China;
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17
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Thorsen TA, Hester RJ, Keating CJ. Changes in Lower-Extremity Gait Biomechanics Following High-Cadence Cycling. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:159. [PMID: 38921853 PMCID: PMC11209612 DOI: 10.3390/sports12060159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We sought to investigate the lower-extremity biomechanics underlying increased gait velocity following high-cadence cycling. Ground reaction forces (GRF) and lower-extremity kinematics and kinetics were recorded as 15 healthy adults walked at a self-selected pace prior to and immediately following a 15 min bout of cycling at a cadence of 75 rotations per minute. Propulsive GRF and stance-phase peak dorsiflexion and knee extension angles increased, while peak plantarflexion and hip extension angles decreased. Swing-phase peak dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, knee flexion, and hip flexion angles increased, while peak knee extension angle decreased. Peak dorsiflexion, knee extension, and hip extension angular velocity also increased during swing. No changes in peak joint moments were observed; however, peak positive ankle, knee, and hip joint power generation increased following cycling. Completing high-cadence cycling improves gait velocity by increasing propulsive GRF; increasing joint angular velocity during the swing phase of gait for the ankle, knee, and hip; and increasing positive power production by the ankle, knee, and hip during the stance phase. Increased gait velocity post cycling exercise did not increase lower-extremity joint moments. Cycling may be a viable exercise-based modality for increasing gait velocity, especially in populations where gait ability or joint loading is of particular concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner A. Thorsen
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Rials J. Hester
- School of Kinesiology and Nutrition, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Christopher J. Keating
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Guadalupe de Maciascoque, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
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18
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de Freitas PB, Freitas SMSF, Dias MS. Synergic control of the minimum toe clearance in young and older adults during foot swing on treadmill walking in different speeds. Gait Posture 2024; 111:150-155. [PMID: 38703443 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vertical toe position at minimum toe clearance (MTC) in the swing phase is critical for walking safety. Consequently, the joints involved should be strictly controlled and coordinated to stabilize the foot at MTC. The uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis framework has been used to determine the existence of synergies that stabilize relevant performance variables during walking. However, no study investigated the presence of a multi-joint synergy stabilizing the foot position at MTC and the effects of age and walking speed on this synergy. RESEARCH QUESTIONS Is there a multi-joint synergy stabilizing MTC during treadmill walking? Does it depend on the persons' age and walking speed? METHODS Kinematic data from 23 young and 15 older adults were analyzed using the UCM approach. The participants walked on a treadmill at three speeds: slow, self-selected, and fast. The sagittal and frontal joint angles from the swing and stance legs and pelvis obliquity were used as motor elements and the vertical toe position at MTC was the performance variable. The variances in the joint space that affected (VORT, 'bad' variance) and did not affect (VUCM, 'good' variance) the toe position at MTC and the synergy index (ΔV) were computed. RESULTS The ΔV>0 was revealed for all subjects. Walking speed did not affect ΔV in older adults, whereas ΔV reduced with speed in young adults. ΔV was higher for older than for young adults at self-selected and fast speeds, owing to a lower VORT in the older group. SIGNIFICANCE The vertical toe position at MTC was stabilized by a strong multi-joint synergy. In older adults, this synergy was stronger, as they were better at limiting VORT than young adults. Reduced VORT in older adults could be caused by more constrained walking, which may be associated with anxiety due to walking on a treadmill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo B de Freitas
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil.
| | - Sandra M S F Freitas
- Graduate Program in Physical Therapy. Universidade Cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Rua Cesário Galeno, 475, Tatuapé, São Paulo, SP 03071-000, Brazil.
| | - Mateus S Dias
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Rua Galvão Bueno, 868, Liberdade, São Paulo, SP 01506-000, Brazil.
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Riglet L, Delphin C, Claquesin L, Orliac B, Ornetti P, Laroche D, Gueugnon M. 3D motion analysis dataset of healthy young adult volunteers walking and running on overground and treadmill. Sci Data 2024; 11:556. [PMID: 38816523 PMCID: PMC11139954 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Used on clinical and sportive context, three-dimensional motion analysis is considered as the gold standard in the biomechanics field. The proposed dataset has been established on 30 asymptomatic young participants. Volunteers were asked to walk at slow, comfortable and fast speeds, and to run at comfortable and fast speeds on overground and treadmill using shoes. Three dimensional trajectories of 63 reflective markers, 3D ground reaction forces and moments were simultaneously recorded. A total of 4840 and 18159 gait cycles were measured for overground and treadmill walking, respectively. Additionally, 2931 and 18945 cycles were measured for overground and treadmill running, respectively. The dataset is presented in C3D and CSV files either in raw or pre-processed format. The aim of this dataset is to provide a complete set of data that will help for the gait characterization during clinical gait analysis and in a sportive context. This data could be used for the creation of a baseline database for clinical purposes to research activities exploring the gait and the run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Riglet
- INSERM, CIC 1432, Module Plurithématique, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, 21000, Dijon, France.
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Module Plurithématique, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Corentin Delphin
- INSERM, CIC 1432, Module Plurithématique, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, 21000, Dijon, France
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Module Plurithématique, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Lauranne Claquesin
- INSERM, CIC 1432, Module Plurithématique, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, 21000, Dijon, France
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Module Plurithématique, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Baptiste Orliac
- INSERM, CIC 1432, Module Plurithématique, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, 21000, Dijon, France
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Module Plurithématique, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Paul Ornetti
- INSERM, CIC 1432, Module Plurithématique, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, 21000, Dijon, France
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Module Plurithématique, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, 21000, Dijon, France
- INSERM, UMR1093-CAPS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UB, 21000, Dijon, France
- Rheumatology department, CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, 21000, Dijon, France
- Collaborative Research Network STARTER, Innovative Strategies and Artificial Intelligence for Motor Function Rehabilitation and Autonomy Preservation, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Davy Laroche
- INSERM, CIC 1432, Module Plurithématique, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, 21000, Dijon, France
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Module Plurithématique, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, 21000, Dijon, France
- INSERM, UMR1093-CAPS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UB, 21000, Dijon, France
- Collaborative Research Network STARTER, Innovative Strategies and Artificial Intelligence for Motor Function Rehabilitation and Autonomy Preservation, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Mathieu Gueugnon
- INSERM, CIC 1432, Module Plurithématique, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, 21000, Dijon, France.
- CHU Dijon-Bourgogne, Centre d'Investigation Clinique, Module Plurithématique, Plateforme d'Investigation Technologique, 21000, Dijon, France.
- INSERM, UMR1093-CAPS, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UB, 21000, Dijon, France.
- Collaborative Research Network STARTER, Innovative Strategies and Artificial Intelligence for Motor Function Rehabilitation and Autonomy Preservation, 21000, Dijon, France.
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Lundell S, Kaufman KR. Mechanical Method for Rapid Determination of Step Count Sensor Settings. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:547. [PMID: 38927783 PMCID: PMC11200388 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
With the increased push for personalized medicine, researchers and clinicians have begun exploring the use of wearable sensors to track patient activity. These sensors typically prioritize device life over robust onboard analysis, which results in lower accuracies in step count, particularly at lower cadences. To optimize the accuracy of activity-monitoring devices, particularly at slower walking speeds, proven methods must be established to identify suitable settings in a controlled and repeatable manner prior to human validation trials. Currently, there are no methods for optimizing these low-power wearable sensor settings prior to human validation, which requires manual counting for in-laboratory participants and is limited by time and the cadences that can be tested. This article proposes a novel method for determining sensor step counting accuracy prior to human validation trials by using a mechanical camshaft actuator that produces continuous steps. Sensor error was identified across a representative subspace of possible sensor setting combinations at cadences ranging from 30 steps/min to 110 steps/min. These true errors were then used to train a multivariate polynomial regression to model errors across all possible setting combinations and cadences. The resulting model predicted errors with an R2 of 0.8 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.044 across all setting combinations. An optimization algorithm was then used to determine the combinations of settings that produced the lowest RMSE and median error for three ranges of cadence that represent disabled low-mobility ambulators, disabled high-mobility ambulators, and healthy ambulators (30-60, 20-90, and 30-110 steps/min, respectively). The model identified six setting combinations for each range of interest that achieved a ±10% error in cadence prior to human validation. The anticipated range of errors from the optimized settings at lower walking speeds are lower than the reported errors of wearable sensors (±30%), suggesting that pre-human-validation optimization of sensors may decrease errors at lower cadences. This method provides a novel and efficient approach to optimizing the accuracy of wearable activity monitors prior to human validation trials.
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Tomita Y, Sekiguchi Y, Mayo NE. Efficacy of a Single-Bout of Auditory Feedback Training on Gait Performance and Kinematics in Healthy Young Adults. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3206. [PMID: 38794060 PMCID: PMC11125153 DOI: 10.3390/s24103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the immediate effects of auditory feedback training on gait performance and kinematics in 19 healthy young adults, focusing on bilateral changes, despite unilateral training. Baseline and post-training kinematic measurements, as well as the feedback training were performed on a treadmill with a constant velocity. Significant improvements were seen in step length (trained: 590.7 mm to 611.1 mm, 95%CI [7.609, 24.373]; untrained: 591.1 mm to 628.7 mm, 95%CI [10.698, 30.835]), toe clearance (trained: 13.9 mm to 16.5 mm, 95%CI [1.284, 3.503]; untrained: 11.8 mm to 13.7 mm, 95%CI [1.763, 3.612]), ankle dorsiflexion angle at terminal stance (trained: 8.3 deg to 10.5 deg, 95%CI [1.092, 3.319]; untrained: 9.2 deg to 12.0 deg, 95%CI [1.676, 3.573]), hip flexion angular velocity, (trained: -126.5 deg/s to -131.0 deg/s, 95%CI [-9.054, -2.623]; untrained: -130.2 deg/s to -135.3 deg/s, 95%CI [-10.536, -1.675]), ankle angular velocity at terminal stance (trained: -344.7 deg/s to -359.1 deg/s, 95%CI [-47.540, -14.924]; untrained: -340.3 deg/s to -376.9 deg/s, 95%CI [-37.280, -13.166s]), and gastrocnemius EMG activity (trained: 0.60 to 0.66, 95%CI [0.014, 0.258]; untrained: 0.55 to 0.65, 95%CI [0.049, 0.214]). These findings demonstrate the efficacy of auditory feedback training in enhancing key gait parameters, highlighting the bilateral benefits from unilateral training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Tomita
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yoshihiro Sekiguchi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Care, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Takasaki 370-0033, Japan; (Y.T.); (Y.S.)
| | - Nancy E. Mayo
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 1Y5, Canada
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Jeon W, Dong XN, Dalby A, Goh CH. The influence of smoothness and speed of stand-to-sit movement on joint kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation patterns. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1399179. [PMID: 38784522 PMCID: PMC11112120 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1399179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Stand-to-sit (StandTS) is an important daily activity widely used in rehabilitation settings to improve strength, postural stability, and mobility. Modifications in movement smoothness and speed significantly influence the kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activation patterns of the movement. Understanding the impact of StandTS speed and smoothness on movement control can provide valuable insights for designing effective and personalized rehabilitation training programs. Research question How do the smoothness and speed of StandTS movement affect joint kinematics, kinetics, muscle activation patterns, and postural stability during StandTS? Methods Twelve healthy younger adults participated in this study. There were two StandTS conditions. In the reference condition, participants stood in an upright position with their feet positioned shoulder-width apart on the force plate. Upon receiving a visual cue, participants performed StandTS at their preferred speed. In the smooth condition, participants were instructed to perform StandTS as smoothly as possible, aiming to minimize contact pressure on the seat. Lower leg kinetics, kinematics, and coordination patterns of muscle activation during StandTS were measured: (1) angular displacement of the trunk, knee, and hip flexion; (2) knee and hip extensor eccentric work; (3) muscle synergy pattern derived from electromyography (EMG) activity of the leg muscles; and (4) postural sway in the anterior-posterior (A-P), medio-lateral (M-L), and vertical directions. Results Compared to the reference condition, the smooth condition demonstrated greater eccentric knee extensor flexion and increased joint work in both the knee and hip joints. Analysis of specific muscle synergy from EMG activity revealed a significant increase in the relative contribution of hip joint muscles during the smooth condition. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between knee extensor and vertical postural sway, as well as hip extensor work and M-L postural sway. Conclusion Smooth StandTS facilitates enhanced knee eccentric control and increased joint work at both the hip and knee joints, along with increased involvement of hip joint muscles to effectively manage falling momentum during StandTS. Furthermore, the increased contributions of knee and hip joint work reduced postural sway in the vertical and M-L directions, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of targeted StandTS rehabilitation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woohyoung Jeon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Xuanliang Neil Dong
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Ashley Dalby
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
| | - Chung-Hyun Goh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, United States
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23
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Liu X, Liang J, Liu Y. Effects of walking speeds on lower extremity kinematic synergy in toe vertical position control: An experimental study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e38024. [PMID: 38701268 PMCID: PMC11062729 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000038024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate whether lower limb joints mutually compensate for each other, resulting in motor synergy that suppresses toe vertical position fluctuation, and whether walking speeds affect lower limb synergy. METHODS Seventeen male university students walked at slow (0.85 ± 0.04 m/s), medium (1.43 ± 0.05 m/s) and fast (1.99 ± 0.06 m/s) speeds on a 15-m walkway while lower limb kinematic data were collected. Uncontrolled manifold analysis was used to quantify the strength of synergy. Two-way (speed × phase) repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze all dependent variables. RESULTS A significant speed-by-phase interaction was observed in the synergy index (SI) (P < .001). At slow walking speeds, subjects had greater SI during mid-swing (P < .001), while at fast walking speeds, they had greater SI during early-swing (P < .001). During the entire swing phase, fast walking exhibited lower SI values than medium (P = .005) and slow walking (P = .027). CONCLUSION Kinematic synergy plays a crucial role in controlling toe vertical position during the swing phase, and fast walking exhibits less synergy than medium and slow walking. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of kinematic synergy in gait stability and have implications for the development of interventions aimed at improving gait stability and reducing the risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Ye Liu
- Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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24
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Winner TS, Rosenberg MC, Berman GJ, Kesar TM, Ting LH. Gait signature changes with walking speed are similar among able-bodied young adults despite persistent individual-specific differences. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.01.591976. [PMID: 38746237 PMCID: PMC11092667 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.591976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Understanding individuals' distinct movement patterns is crucial for health, rehabilitation, and sports. Recently, we developed a machine learning-based framework to show that "gait signatures" describing the neuromechanical dynamics governing able-bodied and post-stroke gait kinematics remain individual-specific across speeds. However, we only evaluated gait signatures within a limited speed range and number of participants, using only sagittal plane (i.e., 2D) joint angles. Here we characterized changes in gait signatures across a wide range of speeds, from very slow (0.3 m/s) to exceptionally fast (above the walk-to-run transition speed) in 17 able-bodied young adults. We further assessed whether 3D kinematic and/or kinetic (ground reaction forces, joint moments, and powers) data would improve the discrimination of gait signatures. Our study showed that gait signatures remained individual-specific across walking speeds: Notably, 3D kinematic signatures achieved exceptional accuracy (99.8%, confidence interval (CI): 99.1-100%) in classifying individuals, surpassing both 2D kinematics and 3D kinetics. Moreover, participants exhibited consistent, predictable linear changes in their gait signatures across the entire speed range. These changes were associated with participants' preferred walking speeds, balance ability, cadence, and step length. These findings support gait signatures as a tool to characterize individual differences in gait and predict speed-induced changes in gait dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniel S. Winner
- W.H. Coulter Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Michael C. Rosenberg
- W.H. Coulter Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Trisha M. Kesar
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lena H. Ting
- W.H. Coulter Dept. Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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25
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Dami A, Chicoine D, Payen E, Bouchard M, Belzile EL, Corbeil P, Moisan G. Lower limbs biomechanical deficits associated with stage 1 and 2 posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction during walking. Gait Posture 2024; 110:10-16. [PMID: 38460464 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction (PTTD) is a chronic degenerative musculoskeletal disorder causing a progressive ankle complex and arch collapse altering lower limb biomechanics. However, biomechanical changes associated with stage 1 and 2 PTTD need to be better characterized during walking to guide clinical recommendations and improve non-operative treatments. RESEARCH QUESTION What are the lower limb kinematic and kinetic differences between individuals with stage 1 (PTTD1), individuals with stage 2 PTTD (PTTD2) and healthy counterparts during gait? METHODS Sixteen PTTD1, 11 PTTD2 and 20 healthy controls were included in this multicentric case-control study to compare their lower limb gait biomechanics. Kinematic and kinetic data were recorded using a three-dimensional motion capture system and a force plate. One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping was used to compare lower limb joint motion and moments between groups during the stance phase. RESULTS PTTD1 had minimal biomechanical differences compared with the control group. In contrast, PTTD2 presented significant differences compared with controls and PTTD1. At the ankle, PTTD2 exhibited greater plantarflexion and eversion angles and midfoot dorsiflexion and inversion angles throughout stance compared with controls and PTTD1. PTTD2 presented lower midfoot abduction moments compared with controls. These changes led PTTD2 to exhibit knee and hip adaptative biomechanical mechanisms in the frontal and transverse planes in late stance. PTTD2 had greater knee internal rotation angles and smaller knee external rotation moments compared to controls. PTTD2 had smaller hip internal rotation angles compared with PTTD1 and smaller hip adduction moments compared with controls. SIGNIFICANCE PTTD1 showed minimal biomechanical differences compared to controls and important differences compared to PTTD2. The lower limb biomechanical deficits accentuate as the pathology advances from stage 1 to stage 2. PTTD is a progressive condition needing early clinical management at stage 1 to avoid successive biomechanical changes associated with stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Dami
- Department of Human Kinetics, University du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Groupe de Recherche sur les Affections Neuromusculosquelettiques (GRAN), 3351, Boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada.
| | - Dominic Chicoine
- Department of Human Kinetics, University du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Eléna Payen
- Department of Human Kinetics, University du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Groupe de Recherche sur les Affections Neuromusculosquelettiques (GRAN), 3351, Boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Marc Bouchard
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 11, côte du Palais, Québec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Etienne L Belzile
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval, 11, côte du Palais, Québec, QC G1R 2J6, Canada
| | - Phillipe Corbeil
- Department of Kinesiology, University Laval, 2325, rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), 525, Boul. Wilfrid-Hamel, Québec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
| | - Gabriel Moisan
- Department of Human Kinetics, University du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Groupe de Recherche sur les Affections Neuromusculosquelettiques (GRAN), 3351, Boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada; Department of Kinesiology, University Laval, 2325, rue de l'Université, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (CIRRIS), 525, Boul. Wilfrid-Hamel, Québec, QC G1M 2S8, Canada
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Saffuri E, Izak E, Tal Y, Kodesh E, Epstein Y, Solav D. Walking with unilateral ankle-foot unloading: a comparative biomechanical analysis of three assistive devices. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:67. [PMID: 38689255 PMCID: PMC11059772 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01333-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot and ankle unloading is essential in various clinical contexts, including ulcers, tendon ruptures, and fractures. Choosing the right assistive device is crucial for functionality and recovery. Yet, research on the impact of devices beyond crutches, particularly ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) designed to unload the ankle and foot, is limited. This study investigates the effects of three types of devices-forearm crutches, knee crutch, and AFO-on biomechanical, metabolic, and subjective parameters during walking with unilateral ankle-foot unloading. METHODS Twenty healthy participants walked at a self-selected speed in four conditions: unassisted able-bodied gait, and using three unloading devices, namely forearm crutches, iWalk knee crutch, and ZeroG AFO. Comprehensive measurements, including motion capture, force plates, and metabolic system, were used to assess various spatiotemporal, kinematic, kinetic, and metabolic parameters. Additionally, participants provided subjective feedback through questionnaires. The conditions were compared using a within-subject crossover study design with repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS Significant differences were found between the three devices and able-bodied gait. Among the devices, ZeroG exhibited significantly faster walking speed and lower metabolic cost. For the weight-bearing leg, ZeroG exhibited the shortest stance phase, lowest braking forces, and hip and knee angles most similar to normal gait. However, ankle plantarflexion after push-off using ZeroG was most different from normal gait. IWalk and crutches caused significantly larger center-of-mass mediolateral and vertical fluctuations, respectively. Participants rated the ZeroG as the most stable, but more participants complained it caused excessive pressure and pain. Crutches were rated with the highest perceived exertion and lowest comfort, whereas no significant differences between ZeroG and iWalk were found for these parameters. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences among the devices were identified across all measurements, aligning with previous studies for crutches and iWalk. ZeroG demonstrated favorable performance in most aspects, highlighting the potential of AFOs in enhancing gait rehabilitation when unloading is necessary. However, poor comfort and atypical sound-side ankle kinematics were evident with ZeroG. These findings can assist clinicians in making educated decisions about prescribing ankle-foot unloading devices and guide the design of improved devices that overcome the limitations of existing solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshraq Saffuri
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eyal Izak
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yinon Tal
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Einat Kodesh
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yoram Epstein
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Solav
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Aout T, Begon M, Peyrot N, Caderby T. Société de Biomécanique young investigator award 2022: Effects of applying functional electrical stimulation to ankle plantarflexor muscles on forward propulsion during walking in young healthy adults. J Biomech 2024; 168:112114. [PMID: 38677030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The triceps surae muscle, composed of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, plays a major role in forward propulsion during walking. By generating positive ankle power during the push-off phase, these muscles produce the propulsive force required for forward progression. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that applying functional electrical stimulation (FES) to these muscles (soleus, gastrocnemius or the combination of the two) during the push-off phase would increase the ankle power generation and, consequently, enhance forward propulsion during walking in able-bodied adults. Fifteen young adults walked at their self-selected speed under four conditions: no stimulation, with bilateral stimulation of the soleus, gastrocnemius, and both muscles simultaneously. Muscles were stimulated just below the discomfort threshold during push-off, i.e., from heel-off to toe-off. FES significantly increased ankle power (+22 to 28 % depending on conditions), propulsive force (+15 to 18 %) and forward progression parameters such as walking speed (+14 to 20 %). Furthermore, walking speed was significantly higher (+5%) for combined soleus and gastrocnemius stimulation compared with gastrocnemius stimulation alone, with no further effect on other gait parameters. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that applying FES to the gastrocnemius and soleus, separately or simultaneously during the push-off phase, enhanced ankle power generation and, consequently, forward propulsion during walking in able-bodied adults. Combined stimulation of the soleus and gastrocnemius provided the greatest walking speed enhancement, without affecting other propulsion parameters. These findings could be useful for designing FES-based solutions for improving gait in healthy people with propulsion impairment, such as the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Aout
- Laboratoire IRISSE, EA 4075, UFR des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Université de la Réunion, 97430 Le Tampon, Réunion
| | - Mickaël Begon
- Laboratoire de Simulation et Modélisation du Mouvement, École de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Nicolas Peyrot
- Laboratoire IRISSE, EA 4075, UFR des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Université de la Réunion, 97430 Le Tampon, Réunion; Mouvement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, Le Mans Université, EA 4334, 72000 Le Mans, France
| | - Teddy Caderby
- Laboratoire IRISSE, EA 4075, UFR des Sciences de l'Homme et de l'Environnement, Université de la Réunion, 97430 Le Tampon, Réunion.
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Felius RAW, Wouda NC, Geerars M, Bruijn SM, van Dieën JH, Punt M. Beyond gait speed: exploring the added value of Inertial Measurement Unit-based measurements of gait in the estimation of the walking ability in daily life. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:129. [PMID: 38627674 PMCID: PMC11022465 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait speed is often used to estimate the walking ability in daily life in people after stroke. While measuring gait with inertial measurement units (IMUs) during clinical assessment yields additional information, it remains unclear if this information can improve the estimation of the walking ability in daily life beyond gait speed. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the additive value of IMU-based gait features over a simple gait-speed measurement in the estimation of walking ability in people after stroke. METHODS Longitudinal data during clinical stroke rehabilitation were collected. The assessment consisted of two parts and was administered every three weeks. In the first part, participants walked for two minutes (2MWT) on a fourteen-meter path with three IMUs attached to low back and feet, from which multiple gait features, including gait speed, were calculated. The dimensionality of the corresponding gait features was reduced with a principal component analysis. In the second part, gait was measured for two consecutive days using one ankle-mounted IMU. Next, three measures of walking ability in daily life were calculated, including the number of steps per day, and the average and maximal gait speed. A gait-speed-only Linear Mixed Model was used to estimate the association between gait speed and each of the three measures of walking ability. Next, the principal components (PC), derived from the 2MWT, were added to the gait-speed-only model to evaluate if they were confounders or effect modifiers. RESULTS Eighty-one participants were measured during rehabilitation, resulting in 198 2MWTs and 135 corresponding walking-performance measurements. 106 Gait features were reduced to nine PCs with 85.1% explained variance. The linear mixed models demonstrated that gait speed was weakly associated with the average and maximum gait speed in daily life and moderately associated with the number of steps per day. The PCs did not considerably improve the outcomes in comparison to the gait speed only models. CONCLUSIONS Gait in people after stroke assessed in a clinical setting with IMUs differs from their walking ability in daily life. More research is needed to determine whether these discrepancies also occur in non-laboratory settings, and to identify additional non-gait factors that influence walking ability in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A W Felius
- Research group lifestyle and health, Utrecht University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Human Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - N C Wouda
- Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of neurorehabilitation, De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Geerars
- Physiotherapy Department Neurology, Axioncontinu, Rehabilitation Center de Parkgraaf, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S M Bruijn
- Department of Human Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H van Dieën
- Department of Human Movement Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Punt
- Research group lifestyle and health, Utrecht University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Arauz PG, Garcia MG, Chiriboga P, Okushiro V, Vinueza B, Fierro K, Zuñiga J, Taco-Vasquez S, Kao I, Sisto SA. In-vivo 3-dimensional spine and lower body gait symmetry analysis in healthy individuals. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28345. [PMID: 38689989 PMCID: PMC11059545 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous research studies have delved into the biomechanics of walking, focusing on the spine and lower extremities. However, understanding the symmetry of walking in individuals without health issues poses a challenge, as those with normal mobility may exhibit uneven movement patterns due to inherent functional differences between their left and right limbs. The goal of this study is to examine the three-dimensional kinematics of gait symmetry in the spine and lower body during both typical and brisk overground walking in healthy individuals. The analysis will utilize statistical methods and symmetry index approaches. Furthermore, the research aims to investigate whether factors such as gender and walking speed influence gait symmetry. Methods Sixty young adults in good health, comprising 30 males and 30 females, underwent motion capture recordings while engaging in both normal and fast overground walking. The analysis focused on interlimb comparisons and corresponding assessments of side-specific spine and pelvis motions. Results Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) predominantly revealed gait symmetries between corresponding left and right motions in the spine, pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle during both normal and fast overground walking. Notably, both genders exhibited asymmetric pelvis left-right obliquity, with women and men showing an average degree of asymmetry between sides of 0.9 ± 0.1° and 1.5 ± 0.1°, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis suggested that neither sex nor walking speed appeared to exert influence on the 3D kinematic symmetry of the spine, pelvis, and lower body in healthy individuals during gait. While the maximum normalized symmetry index (SInorm) values for the lower thorax, upper lumbar, lower lumbar, pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle displayed significant differences between sexes and walking speeds for specific motions, no interaction between sex and walking speed was observed. Significance The findings underscore the potential disparities in data interpretations between the two approaches. While SPM discerns temporal variations in movement, these results offer valuable insights that may enhance our comprehension of gait symmetry in healthy individuals, surpassing the limitations of straightforward discrete parameters like the maximum SInorm. The information gleaned from this study could serve as reference indicators for diagnosing and evaluating abnormal gait function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul G. Arauz
- Department of Orthopaedics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Maria-Gabriela Garcia
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías “El Politécnico”, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Patricio Chiriboga
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías “El Politécnico”, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Vinnicius Okushiro
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías “El Politécnico”, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Bonnie Vinueza
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías “El Politécnico”, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Kleber Fierro
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías “El Politécnico”, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - José Zuñiga
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías “El Politécnico”, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Sebastian Taco-Vasquez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Imin Kao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Sue Ann Sisto
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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30
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Senden R, Marcellis R, Willems P, Witlox M, Meijer K. Normative 3D gait data of healthy adults walking at three different speeds on an instrumented treadmill in virtual reality. Data Brief 2024; 53:110230. [PMID: 38445200 PMCID: PMC10912446 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
A normative gait dataset of 246 healthy adults (122 men / 124 women, range in age 18-91 years, body weight 46.80-116.10 kg, height 1.53-1.97 m and BMI 18.25-35.63 kg/m2) is presented and publicly shared for three walking speed conditions. Raw and processed data are presented for each subject separately and for each walking speed, including data of every single step of both legs. The subject demographics and results from the physical examination are also presented which allows researchers and clinicians to create a self-selected reference group based on specific demographics. Besides the data per individual, data are also presented in age and gender groups. This provides a quick overview of healthy gait parameters which is relevant for use in clinical practice. Three dimensional gait analysis was performed at the Computer Assisted Rehabilitation Environment (CAREN) at the Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+). Subjects walked on the instrumented treadmill surrounded with twelve 3D cameras, three 2D cameras and a virtual industrial environment projected on a 180° screen using the Human Body Lower Limb Model with trunk markers (HBM-II) as biomechanical model [1], [2]. Subjects walked at comfortable walking speed, 30% slower and 30% faster. These walking speed conditions were applied in a random sequence. Comfortable walking speed was determined using a RAMP protocol: subjects started to walk at 0.5m/s and every second the speed was increased with 0.01 m/s until the preferred speed was reached. The average of three repetitions was considered the comfortable speed. For each walking speed condition, 250 steps were recorded. The 3D gait data was collected using the D-flow CAREN software. For each subject, raw data of each walking speed condition is provided in .mox files, including the output from the model such as subject data (e.g. gender, body mass, knee and ankle width), center of mass (CoM), marker and force data, kinematic data (joint angles) and kinetic data (joint moments, ground reaction forces (GRFs) and joint powers) for each single step of both legs. Unfiltered and filtered data are included. C3D files with raw marker and GRF data were recorded in Nexus (Vicon software, version 2.8.1) and are available upon request. Raw data were processed in Matlab (Mathworks 2016), including quality check, step determination and the exportation of data to .xls files. For each adult and for each walking speed, an .xls file was created, containing spatiotemporal parameters, medio-lateral (ML) and back-forward (BF) margins of stability (MoS), 3D joint angles, anterior-posterior (AP) and vertical GRFs, 3D joint moments and 3D joint power of each step of both legs. Overview files per walking speed condition are created in .xls, presenting the averaged gait parameters (calculated as average over all valid steps) of every subject. The processed data is also presented and visualized per gender for different age groups (18-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years, 50-59 years, 60-69 years, ≥70 years). This can serve as normative data for treadmill based 3D gait analyses in adults, applicable for clinical and research purposes. Data is available at OSF.io (https://osf.io/t72cw/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Senden
- Department of Physical Therapy, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rik Marcellis
- Department of Physical Therapy, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Willems
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne Witlox
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MUMC+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Meijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Liang W, Muhammad Rehan Afzal H, Qiao Y, Fan A, Wang F, Hu Y, Yang P. Estimation of electrical muscle activity during gait using inertial measurement units with convolution attention neural network and small-scale dataset. J Biomech 2024; 167:112093. [PMID: 38615480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
In general, muscle activity can be directly measured using Electromyography (EMG) or calculated with musculoskeletal models. However, both methods are not suitable for non-technical users and unstructured environments. It is desired to establish more portable and easy-to-use muscle activity estimation methods. Deep learning (DL) models combined with inertial measurement units (IMUs) have shown great potential to estimate muscle activity. However, it frequently occurs in clinical scenarios that a very small amount of data is available and leads to limited performance of the DL models, while the augmentation techniques to efficiently expand a small sample size for DL model training are rarely used. The primary aim of the present study was to develop a novel DL model to estimate the EMG envelope during gait using IMUs with high accuracy. A secondary aim was to develop a novel model-based data augmentation method to improve the performance of the estimation model with small-scale dataset. Therefore, in the present study, a time convolutional network-based generative adversarial network, namely MuscleGAN, was proposed for data augmentation. Moreover, a subject-independent regression DL model was developed to estimate EMG envelope. Results suggested that the proposed two-stage method has better generalization and estimation performance than the commonly used existing methods. Pearson correlation coefficient and normalized root-mean-square errors derived from the proposed method reached up to 0.72 and 0.13, respectively. It was indicated that the MuscleGAN indeed improved the estimation accuracy of lower limb EMG envelope from 70% to 72%. Thus, even using only two IMUs and a very small-scale dataset, the proposed model is still capable of accurately estimating lower limb EMG envelope, demonstrating considerable potential for its application in clinical and daily life scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Liang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Rehan Afzal
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongyu Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ao Fan
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fanjie Wang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yiwei Hu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China.
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32
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Shultz SP, Kung SM, Atack AC, Buck AN, Mahaffey R. The impact of pediatric obesity on biomechanical differences across the gait cycle at three walking speeds. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2024; 114:106236. [PMID: 38564981 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2024.106236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity impacts a child's ability to walk with resulting biomechanical adaptations; however, existing research has not comprehensively compared differences across the gait cycle. We examined differences in lower extremity biomechanics across the gait cycle between children with and without obesity at three walking speeds. METHODS Full gait cycles of age-matched children with obesity (N = 10; BMI: 25.7 ± 4.2 kg/m2) and without obesity (N = 10; BMI: 17.0 ± 1.9 kg/m2) were analyzed at slow, normal, and fast walking speeds. Main and interaction effects of group and speed across hip, knee, and ankle joint angles and moments in sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes were analyzed using one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping. FINDINGS Compared to children without obesity, children with obesity had greater hip adduction during mid-stance, while also producing greater hip extensor moments during early stance phase, abductor moments throughout most of stance, and hip external rotator moments during late stance. Children with obesity recorded greater knee flexor, knee extensor and knee internal rotator moments during early stance, and knee external rotator moments in late stance than children without obesity; children with obesity also demonstrated greater ankle plantarflexor moments throughout mid and late stance. Interaction effects existed within joint kinetics data; children with obesity produced greater hip extensor moments at initial contact and toe-off when walking at fast compared to normal walking speed. INTERPRETATION While few kinematic differences existed between the two groups, children with obesity exhibited greater moments at the hip, knee, and ankle during critical periods of controlling and stabilizing mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Shultz
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Nutrition, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand; Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, United States; School of Arts and Sciences, Fort Lewis College, Durango, CO, United States.
| | - S M Kung
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Nutrition, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand; Sports Medicine Department, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Sports Surgery Clinic, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - A C Atack
- School of Sport, Exercise and Applied Sciences, St Mary's University Twickenham, Twickenham, United Kingdom.
| | - A N Buck
- Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, United States; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
| | - R Mahaffey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Applied Sciences, St Mary's University Twickenham, Twickenham, United Kingdom.
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Gil-Calvo M, de Paz JA, Herrero-Molleda A, Zecchin A, Gómez-Alonso MT, Alonso-Cortés B, Boullosa D. The 2-Minutes Walking Test Is Not Correlated with Aerobic Fitness Indices but with the 5-Times Sit-to-Stand Test Performance in Apparently Healthy Older Adults. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:43. [PMID: 38667510 PMCID: PMC11050355 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9020043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2-minutes walking test (2-MWT) is a valid and reliable test that has a high correlation with the distance walked in the 6-minutes walking test (6-MWT). However, to date, no study has determined the relationship between 2-MWT performance and the aerobic fitness indices obtained during a maximal incremental test to confirm if this test is a valid surrogate of aerobic fitness in apparently healthy older adults. The main objective of this work was to identify the factors associated to the performance in the 2-MWT, including aerobic fitness, functional and spatial-temporal gait parameters. Seventeen elderly adults performed a maximal incremental cycling test to determine maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) and ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2), two static standing balance tests with open and close eyes, a 5-times sit-to-stand test (5-TSTS), a handgrip test, and a 2-MWT on three different days over 2 weeks. No correlations were found between aerobic fitness indices and the distance covered in 2-MWT, but significant moderate correlations were found between the distance covered in 2-MWT and the time to perform the 5-TSTS (rho = -0.49) and with stride length (rho = 0.52) during the test. In conclusion, the 2-MWT does not seem a good test to assess aerobic capacity while it showed to be associated to the 5-TSTS performance of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gil-Calvo
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.d.P.); (A.Z.); (M.T.G.-A.); (D.B.)
| | - José Antonio de Paz
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.d.P.); (A.Z.); (M.T.G.-A.); (D.B.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Alba Herrero-Molleda
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.d.P.); (A.Z.); (M.T.G.-A.); (D.B.)
| | - Arthur Zecchin
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.d.P.); (A.Z.); (M.T.G.-A.); (D.B.)
| | - María Teresa Gómez-Alonso
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.d.P.); (A.Z.); (M.T.G.-A.); (D.B.)
| | | | - Daniel Boullosa
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain; (M.G.-C.); (J.A.d.P.); (A.Z.); (M.T.G.-A.); (D.B.)
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Lai H, Chen X, Huang W, Xie Z, Yan Y, Kang M, Zhang Y, Huang J, Zeng X. Whether Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Walking at a Fast Speed Show more Kinematic Asymmetries? Orthop Surg 2024; 16:864-872. [PMID: 38384169 PMCID: PMC10984808 DOI: 10.1111/os.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Knee kinematic asymmetries after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are correlated with poor clinical outcomes, such as the progression of knee cartilage degenerations or reinjuries. Fast walking in patients with knee conditions may exacerbate knee kinematic asymmetries, but its impact on ACLR patients is uncertain. The aim of this study is to investigate if fast walking induces more knee kinematic asymmetries in unilateral ACLR patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 55 patients with unilateral ACLR from January 2020 to July 2022. There were 48 males and seven females with an average age of 30.6 ± 6.4 years. Knee kinematic data were collected at three walking speeds: self-selected, fast (150% normal), and slow (50% normal). A 3D knee kinematic analysis system measured the data, and self-reported outcomes assessed comfort levels during walking. We used SPM1D for two-way repeated ANOVA and posthoc paired t-tests to analyze kinematic differences in groups. RESULTS In fast walking, ACLR knees exhibited more transverse kinematic asymmetries than intact knees, including greater external rotation angle (1.8°, 38%-43%; gait cycle [GC], p < 0.05 & 1.8-2.7°, 50%-61% GC, p < 0.05) and increased proximal tibial translation (2.1-2.5 mm, 2%-6% GC, p < 0.05 & 2.5-3.2 mm, 92%-96% GC, p < 0.05). Additionally, ACLR knees showed greater posterior tibial translation than intact knees (3.6-3.7 mm, 7%-8% GC, p < 0.05) during fast walking. No posterior tibial translation asymmetries were observed in slow walking compared to normal walking levels. ACLR knees have the most comfortable feelings in slow walking speed, and the most uncomfortable feelings in fast walking speed levels (29%). CONCLUSIONS Fast walking induces additional external tibial rotation and proximal and posterior tibial translation asymmetries in ACLR patients. This raises concerns about long-term safety and health during fast walking. Fast walking, not self-selected speed, is beneficial for identifying postoperative gait asymmetries in ACLR patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahao Lai
- Department of Bone OncologyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineHuizhou Central People's HospitalHuizhouChina
| | - Wenhan Huang
- Department of Bone OncologyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhenyan Xie
- Department of Bone OncologyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuan Yan
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryHuizhou Central People's HospitalHuizhouChina
| | - Ming Kang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryHuizhou Central People's HospitalHuizhouChina
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Bone OncologyGuangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiehua Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryHuizhou Central People's HospitalHuizhouChina
| | - Xiaolong Zeng
- Department of OrthopaedicsGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
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Tashiro T, Ikuta Y, Maeda N, Arima S, Morikawa M, Kaneda K, Ishihara H, Tsutsumi S, Kawai M, Brand A, Nakasa T, Adachi N, Komiya M, Urabe Y. First tarsometatarsal joint mobility in hallux valgus during gait: A synchronized ultrasound and three-dimensional motion capture analysis. J Med Ultrason (2001) 2024; 51:331-339. [PMID: 38546904 PMCID: PMC11098882 DOI: 10.1007/s10396-024-01414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the vertical translation between the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform during the stance phase of gait in young individuals with and without hallux valgus. DESIGN This cross-sectional observational study included 34 young adults (male, n = 4; female, n = 30) who were divided into three groups according to the hallux valgus angle: control (< 20°, n = 13), mild hallux valgus (≥ 20° to < 30°, n = 12), and moderate hallux valgus (≥ 30°, n = 9). The mobility of the first tarsometatarsal joint was evaluated during the stance phase using B-mode ultrasound synchronized with a motion analysis system. RESULTS The medial cuneiform shifted more plantar during the early phase in mild hallux valgus and during the middle and terminal phases in moderate hallux valgus than in control. The severity of the hallux valgus was correlated with a trend toward plantar shift of the medial cuneiform. The first metatarsal was located more dorsal than the medial cuneiform; however, there was no significant variation. No significant differences in the peak ankle plantarflexion angle and moment were noted between the groups. CONCLUSION The hypermobility of the first tarsometatarsal joint, especially plantar displacement of the medial cuneiform in the sagittal plane, was found in young individuals with hallux valgus during the stance phase of gait, and the mobility increased with the severity of hallux valgus. Our findings suggest the significance of preventing hallux valgus deformity early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Tashiro
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yasunari Ikuta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Sports Medical Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Noriaki Maeda
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Satoshi Arima
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masanori Morikawa
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kaneda
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Honoka Ishihara
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shogo Tsutsumi
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Miki Kawai
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Andreas Brand
- Institute for Biomechanics, BG Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau, Germany
- Institute for Biomechanics, Paracelsus Medical Private University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tomoyuki Nakasa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
- Sports Medical Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Makoto Komiya
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yukio Urabe
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-Ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.
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Sekiguchi Y, Owaki D, Honda K, Izumi SI, Ebihara S. Differences in kinetic factors affecting gait speed between lesion sides in patients with stroke. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1240339. [PMID: 38567085 PMCID: PMC10985198 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1240339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The differences in kinetic mechanisms of decreased gait speed across brain lesion sides have not been elucidated, including the arrangement of motor modules reflected by kinetic interjoint coordination. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the differences in the kinetic factors of slow gait speed in patients with stroke on the lesion sides. A three-dimensional motion analysis system was employed to assess joint moment in the lower limb and representative gait parameters in 32 patients with right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) and 38 patients with left hemisphere brain damage (LHD) following stroke as well as 20 healthy controls. Motor module composition and timing were determined using principal component analysis based on the three joint moments in the lower limb in the stance phase, which were the variances accounted for principal components (PCs) and the peak timing in the time series of PCs. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify the most significant joint moment and PC-associated parameter in explaining gait speed. A negligible difference was observed in age, weight, height, and gait speed among patients with RHD and LHD and controls. The following factors contributed to gait speed: in patients with RHD, larger ankle plantarflexion moment on the paretic (p = 0.001) and nonparetic (p = 0.002) sides and ankle dorsiflexion moment on the nonparetic side (p = 0.004); in patients with LHD, larger ankle plantarflexion moment (p < 0.001) and delayed peak timing of the first PC (p = 0.012) on the paretic side as well as ankle dorsiflexion moment on the nonparetic side (p < 0.001); in the controls, delayed peak timing of the first PC (p = 0.002) on the right side and larger ankle dorsiflexion moment (p = 0.001) as well as larger hip flexion moment on the left side (p = 0.023). The findings suggest that the kinetic mechanisms of gait speed may differ among patients with RHD following patients with stroke with LHD, and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sekiguchi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Dai Owaki
- Department of Robotics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keita Honda
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Izumi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoru Ebihara
- Department of Internal Medicine & Rehabilitation Science, Disability Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Fiori L, Castiglia SF, Chini G, Draicchio F, Sacco F, Serrao M, Tatarelli A, Varrecchia T, Ranavolo A. The Lower Limb Muscle Co-Activation Map during Human Locomotion: From Slow Walking to Running. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:288. [PMID: 38534562 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) controls movements and regulates joint stiffness with muscle co-activation, but until now, few studies have examined muscle pairs during running. This study aims to investigate differences in lower limb muscle coactivation during gait at different speeds, from walking to running. Nineteen healthy runners walked and ran at speeds ranging from 0.8 km/h to 9.3 km/h. Twelve lower limb muscles' co-activation was calculated using the time-varying multi-muscle co-activation function (TMCf) with global, flexor-extension, and rostro-caudal approaches. Spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters were also measured. We found that TMCf, spatiotemporal, and kinematic parameters were significantly affected by gait speed for all approaches. Significant differences were observed in the main parameters of each co-activation approach and in the spatiotemporal and kinematic parameters at the transition between walking and running. In particular, significant differences were observed in the global co-activation (CIglob, main effect F(1,17) = 641.04, p < 0.001; at the transition p < 0.001), the stride length (main effect F(1,17) = 253.03, p < 0.001; at the transition p < 0.001), the stride frequency (main effect F(1,17) = 714.22, p < 0.001; at the transition p < 0.001) and the Center of Mass displacement in the vertical (CoMy, main effect F(1,17) = 426.2, p < 0.001; at the transition p < 0.001) and medial-lateral (CoMz, main effect F(1,17) = 120.29 p < 0.001; at the transition p < 0.001) directions. Regarding the correlation analysis, the CoMy was positively correlated with a higher CIglob (r = 0.88, p < 0.001) and negatively correlated with Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHMglob, r = -0.83, p < 0.001), whereas the CoMz was positively correlated with the global Center of Activity (CoAglob, r = 0.97, p < 0.001). Positive and negative strong correlations were found between global co-activation parameters and center of mass displacements, as well as some spatiotemporal parameters, regardless of gait speed. Our findings suggest that walking and running have different co-activation patterns and kinematic characteristics, with the whole-limb stiffness exerted more synchronously and stably during running. The co-activation indexes and kinematic parameters could be the result of global co-activation, which is a sensory-control integration process used by the CNS to deal with more demanding and potentially unstable tasks like running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Fiori
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
- Behavioral Neuroscience PhD Program, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Viale dell'Università 30, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Filippo Castiglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Via Franco Faggiana 1668, 04100 Latina, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgia Chini
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Draicchio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Floriana Sacco
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Serrao
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Via Franco Faggiana 1668, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Antonella Tatarelli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiwana Varrecchia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ranavolo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Via Fontana Candida 1, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
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Peiffer M, Duquesne K, Delanghe M, Van Oevelen A, De Mits S, Audenaert E, Burssens A. Quantifying walking speeds in relation to ankle biomechanics on a real-time interactive gait platform: a musculoskeletal modeling approach in healthy adults. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1348977. [PMID: 38515625 PMCID: PMC10956131 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1348977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Given the inherent variability in walking speeds encountered in day-to-day activities, understanding the corresponding alterations in ankle biomechanics would provide valuable clinical insights. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the influence of different walking speeds on biomechanical parameters, utilizing gait analysis and musculoskeletal modelling. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers without any lower limb medical history were included in this study. Treadmill-assisted gait-analysis with walking speeds of 0.8 m/s and 1.1 m/s was performed using the Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Lab (GRAIL®). Collected kinematic data and ground reaction forces were processed via the AnyBody® modeling system to determine ankle kinetics and muscle forces of the lower leg. Data were statistically analyzed using statistical parametric mapping to reveal both spatiotemporal and magnitude significant differences. Results: Significant differences were found for both magnitude and spatiotemporal curves between 0.8 m/s and 1.1 m/s for the ankle flexion (p < 0.001), subtalar force (p < 0.001), ankle joint reaction force and muscles forces of the M. gastrocnemius, M. soleus and M. peroneus longus (α = 0.05). No significant spatiotemporal differences were found between 0.8 m/s and 1.1 m/s for the M. tibialis anterior and posterior. Discussion: A significant impact on ankle joint kinematics and kinetics was observed when comparing walking speeds of 0.8 m/s and 1.1 m/s. The findings of this study underscore the influence of walking speed on the biomechanics of the ankle. Such insights may provide a biomechanical rationale for several therapeutic and preventative strategies for ankle conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Peiffer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Foot & Ankle Research and Innovation Lab (FARIL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - K. Duquesne
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M. Delanghe
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - A. Van Oevelen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - S. De Mits
- Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Smart Space, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - E. Audenaert
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Electromechanics, Op3Mech Research Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - A. Burssens
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Huysmans SM, Senden R, Jacobs E, Willems PJ, Marcellis RG, Boogaart MVD, Meijer K, Willems PC. Gait alterations in patients with adult spinal deformity. NORTH AMERICAN SPINE SOCIETY JOURNAL 2024; 17:100306. [PMID: 38293567 PMCID: PMC10825775 DOI: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2023.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Adult spinal deformity patients (ASD) experience altered spinal alignment affecting spatiotemporal parameters and joint kinematics. Differences in spinal deformity between patients with symptomatic idiopathic scoliosis (ID-ASD) and patients with "de novo" scoliosis (DN-ASD) may affect gait characteristics differently. This study aims to compare gait characteristics between ID-ASD, DN-ASD, and asymptomatic healthy matched controls. Methods In this observational case-control study, ID-ASD (n = 24) and DN-ASD (n = 26) patients visiting the out-patient spine clinic and scheduled for long-segment spinal fusion were included. Patients were matched, based on age, gender, leg length and BMI, with asymptomatic healthy controls. Gait was measured at comfortable walking speed on an instrumented treadmill with 3D motion capture system. Trunk, pelvic and lower extremities range of motion (ROM) and spatiotemporal parameters (SPT) are presented as median (first and thirds quartile). Independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare ID-ASD, DN-ASD and controls. Statistical Parametric Mapping (independent t-test) was used to compare 3D joint kinematics. Results DN-ASD patients walk with increased anterior trunk tilt during the whole gait cycle compared with ID-ASD patients and controls. ID-ASD walk with decreased trunk lateroflexion compared with DN-ASD and controls. DN-ASD showed decreased pelvic obliquity and -rotation, increased knee flexion, and decreased ankle plantar flexion. ID-ASD and DN-ASD displayed decreased trunk, pelvic and lower extremity ROM compared with controls, but increased pelvic tilt ROM. ID-ASD patients walked with comparable SPT to controls, whereas DN-ASD patients walked significantly slower with corresponding changes in SPT and wider steps. Conclusions DN-ASD patients exhibit distinct alterations in SPT and kinematic gait characteristics compared with ID-ASD and controls. These alterations seem to be predominantly influenced by sagittal spinal malalignment and kinematic findings in ASD patients should not be generalized as such, but always be interpreted with consideration for the nature of the ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M.D. Huysmans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Research School CAPHRI (Care and Public Health Research Institute), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel Senden
- Department of Physiotherapy, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Eva Jacobs
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Research School CAPHRI (Care and Public Health Research Institute), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J.B. Willems
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (MUMC+), the Netherlands
| | - Rik G.J. Marcellis
- Department of Physiotherapy, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark van den Boogaart
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Research School CAPHRI (Care and Public Health Research Institute), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Meijer
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (MUMC+), the Netherlands
| | - Paul C. Willems
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Research School CAPHRI (Care and Public Health Research Institute), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Maldonado-Contreras JY, Bhakta K, Camargo J, Kunapuli P, Young AJ. User- and Speed-Independent Slope Estimation for Lower-Extremity Wearable Robots. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:487-497. [PMID: 37930501 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Wearable robots can help users traverse unstructured slopes by providing mode-specific hip, knee, and ankle joint assistance. However, generalizing the same assistance pattern across different slopes is not optimal. Control strategies that scale assistance based on slope are expected to improve the feel of the device and improve outcome measures such as decreasing metabolic cost. Prior numerical methods for slope estimation struggled to estimate slopes at variable walking speeds or were limited to a single estimation per gait cycle. This study overcomes these limitations by developing machine-learning methods that yield continuous, user- and speed-independent slope estimators for a variety of wearable robot applications using an able-bodied wearable sensor dataset. In a leave-one-subject-out cross-validation (N = 9), four-phase XGBoost regression models were trained on static-slope (fixed-slope) data and evaluated on a novel subject's static-slope and dynamic-slope (variable-slope) data. Using all available sensors, we achieved an average error of 0.88° and 1.73° mean absolute error (MAE) on static and dynamic slopes, respectively. Ankle prosthesis, knee-ankle prosthesis, and hip exoskeleton sensor suites yielded average errors under 2° MAE on static and dynamic slopes, except for the ankle prosthesis and hip exoskeleton cases on dynamic slopes which yielded an average error of 2.2° and 3.2° MAE, respectively. We found that the thigh inertial measurement unit contributed the most to a reduction in average error. Our findings suggest that reliable slope estimators can be trained using only static-slope data regardless of the type of lower-extremity wearable robot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Y Maldonado-Contreras
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Krishan Bhakta
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jonathan Camargo
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Pratik Kunapuli
- General Robotics Automation Sensing and Perception Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aaron J Young
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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Buck AN, Lisee C, Bjornsen E, Büttner C, Birchmeier T, Nilius A, Favoreto N, Spang J, Blackburn T, Pietrosimone B. Acutely Normalizing Walking Speed Does Not Normalize Gait Biomechanics Post-Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2024; 56:464-475. [PMID: 38051127 PMCID: PMC10922289 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the effect of acutely increasing walking speed on gait biomechanics in ACLR individuals compared with their habitual speed and uninjured matched-controls. METHODS Gait biomechanics were collected on 30 ACLR individuals (20 females; age, 22.0 ± 4.2 yr; body mass index, 24.0 ± 3.0 kg·m -2 ) at their habitual speed and at 1.3 m·s -1 , a speed similar to controls, and 30 uninjured matched-controls (age: 21.9 ± 3.8, body mass index: 23.6 ± 2.5) at their habitual speed. Functional waveform analyses compared biomechanics between: i) walking at habitual speed vs 1.3 m·s -1 in ACLR individuals; and ii) ACLR individuals at 1.3 m·s -1 vs controls. RESULTS In the ACLR group, there were no statistically significant biomechanical differences between walking at habitual speed (1.18 ± 0.12 m·s -1 ) and 1.3 m·s -1 (1.29 ± 0.05 m·s -1 ). Compared with controls (habitual speed: 1.34 ± 0.12 m·s -1 ), the ACLR group while walking at 1.3 m·s -1 exhibited smaller vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) during early and late stance (13-28, 78-90% stance phase), greater midstance vGRF (47-61%), smaller early-to-midstance knee flexion angle (KFA; 1-44%), greater mid-to-late stance KFA (68-73, 96-101%), greater internal knee abduction moment (69-101%), and smaller internal knee extension moment (4-51, 88-96%). CONCLUSIONS Increasing walking speed to a speed similar to uninjured controls did not elicit significant changes to gait biomechanics, and ACLR individuals continued to demonstrate biomechanical profiles that are associated with PTOA development and differ from controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Lisee
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | - Thomas Birchmeier
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Natalia Favoreto
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jeffrey Spang
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Troy Blackburn
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Brian Pietrosimone
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Madrid J, Benning L, Selig M, Ulrich B, Jolles BM, Favre J, Benninger DH. Slowing gait during turning: how volition of modifying walking speed affects the gait pattern in healthy adults. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1269772. [PMID: 38524921 PMCID: PMC10959554 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1269772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Turning during walking and volitionally modulating walking speed introduces complexity to gait and has been minimally explored. Research question How do the spatiotemporal parameters vary between young adults walking at a normal speed and a slower speed while making 90°, 180°, and 360° turns? Methods In a laboratory setting, the spatiotemporal parameters of 10 young adults were documented as they made turns at 90°, 180°, and 360°. A generalized linear model was utilized to determine the effect of both walking speed and turning amplitude. Results Young adults volitionally reducing their walking speed while turning at different turning amplitudes significantly decreased their cadence and spatial parameters while increasing their temporal parameters. In conditions of slower movement, the variability of certain spatial parameters decreased, while the variability of some temporal parameters increased. Significance This research broadens the understanding of turning biomechanics in relation to volitionally reducing walking speed. Cadence might be a pace gait constant synchronizing the rhythmic integration of several inputs to coordinate an ordered gait pattern output. Volition might up-regulate or down-regulate this pace gait constant (i.e., cadence) which creates the feeling of modulating walking speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Madrid
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DNC), Clinic of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Leo Benning
- University Emergency Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mischa Selig
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration and Neogenesis, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Baptiste Ulrich
- Swiss BioMotion Lab, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine (DAL), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte M. Jolles
- Swiss BioMotion Lab, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine (DAL), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Microengineering, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Favre
- Swiss BioMotion Lab, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine (DAL), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David H. Benninger
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DNC), Clinic of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
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Marino G, Scano A, Beltrame G, Brambilla C, Marazzi A, Aparo F, Molinari Tosatti L, Gatti R, Portinaro N. Influence of Backpack Carriage and Walking Speed on Muscle Synergies in Healthy Children. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:173. [PMID: 38391659 PMCID: PMC10886316 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Four to five muscle synergies account for children's locomotion and appear to be consistent across alterations in speed and slopes. Backpack carriage induces alterations in gait kinematics in healthy children, raising questions regarding the clinical consequences related to orthopedic and neurological diseases and ergonomics. However, to support clinical decisions and characterize backpack carriage, muscle synergies can help with understanding the alterations induced in this condition at the motor control level. In this study, we investigated how children adjust the recruitment of motor patterns during locomotion, when greater muscular demands are required (backpack carriage). Twenty healthy male children underwent an instrumental gait analysis and muscle synergies extraction during three walking conditions: self-selected, fast and load conditions. In the fast condition, a reduction in the number of synergies (three to four) was needed for reconstructing the EMG signal with the same accuracy as in the other conditions (three to five). Synergies were grouped in only four clusters in the fast condition, while five clusters were needed for the self-selected condition. The right number of clusters was not clearly identified in the load condition. Speed and backpack carriage altered nearly every spatial-temporal parameter of gait, whereas kinematic alterations reflected mainly hip and pelvis adaptations. Although the synergistic patterns were consistent across conditions, indicating a similar motor pattern in different conditions, the fast condition required fewer synergies for reconstructing the EMG signal with the same level of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Marino
- Physiotherapy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20098 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scano
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), 00187 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Beltrame
- Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Brambilla
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), 00187 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marazzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Aparo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Molinari Tosatti
- Institute of Intelligent Industrial Systems and Technologies for Advanced Manufacturing (STIIMA), Italian Council of National Research (CNR), 00187 Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Gatti
- Physiotherapy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, 20098 Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Portinaro
- Residency Program in Orthopedics and Traumatology, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, 20126 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Yan Y, Cao M, Han B, Li H, Liu G. An interaction model for predicting brace migration and validation through walking experiment. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38319123 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2024.2307918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Brace migration undermines therapeutic efficacy, which is traditionally evaluated through walking experiments. This study developed an interaction model that considered the instantaneous center of rotation (ICR) misalignment to predict migration. The model was validated by walking experiment. Results show a strong positive correlation for four-linkage (FL) (r = 0.952, p < 0.01, root mean squared error (RMSE) = 0.53 mm) and spur gear (SG) (r = 0.898, p < 0.01, RMSE = 1.35 mm) mechanisms. The FL exhibits lower migration than SG (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the interaction model accurately predicts migration, emphasizing the influence of mechanism on migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Yan
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Mengzhao Cao
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Bing Han
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Joint Surgery Department, Xi'an Hong-hui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Geng Liu
- Innovation Center of Bioengineering, Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Transmissions and Controls, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
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Xiong Q, Wan J, Liu Y, Wu X, Jiang S, Xiao N, Hou W. Reduced corticospinal drive to antagonist muscles of upper and lower limbs during hands-and-knees crawling in infants with cerebral palsy: Evidence from intermuscular EMG-EMG coherence. Behav Brain Res 2024; 457:114718. [PMID: 37858871 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest in understanding the central control of hands-and-knees crawling, especially as a significant motor developmental milestone for early assessment of motor dysfunction in infants with cerebral palsy (CP) who have not yet acquired walking ability. In particular, CP is known to be associated with walking dysfunctions caused by early damage and incomplete maturation of the corticospinal tract. However, the extent of damage to the corticospinal connections during crawling in infants with CP has not been fully clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the disparities in intermuscular EMG-EMG coherence, which serve as indicators of corticospinal drives to antagonist muscles in the upper and lower limbs during crawling, between infants with and without CP. METHODS This study involved 15 infants diagnosed with CP and 20 typically developing (TD) infants. Surface EMG recordings were obtained from two pairs of antagonist muscles in the upper limbs (triceps brachii (TB) and biceps brachii (BB)) and lower limbs (quadriceps femoris (QF) and hamstrings (HS)), while the infants performed hands-and-knees crawling at their self-selected velocity. Intermuscular EMG-EMG coherence was computed in two frequency bands, the beta band (15-30 Hz) and gamma band (30-60 Hz), which indicate corticospinal drive. Additionally, spatiotemporal parameters, including crawling velocity, cadence, duration, and the percentage of stance phase time, were calculated for comparison. Spearman rank correlations were conducted to assess the relationship between EMG-EMG coherence and crawling spatiotemporal parameters. RESULTS Infants with CP exhibited significantly reduced crawling velocity, decreased cadence, longer cycle duration, and a higher percentage of stance phase time compared to TD infants. Furthermore, CP infants demonstrated decreased coherence in the beta and gamma frequency bands (indicators of corticospinal drive) in both upper and lower limb muscles. Regarding limb-related differences in the beta and gamma coherence, significant disparities were found between upper and lower limb muscles in TD infants (p < 0.05), but not in infants with CP (p > 0.05). Additionally, significant correlations between coherence metrics and crawling spatiotemporal parameters were identified in the TD group (p < 0.05), while such correlations were not evident in the CP group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the corticospinal drive may functionally influence the central control of antagonist muscles in the limbs during typical infant crawling. This functional role could be impaired by neurological conditions such as cerebral palsy. The neurophysiological markers of corticospinal drive, specifically intermuscular EMG-EMG coherence during crawling in infants with cerebral palsy, could potentially serve as a tool to assess developmental response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Jiangxi, China; Department of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinliang Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaofeng Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Jiangxi, China
| | - Nong Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wensheng Hou
- Department of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Doerks F, Riedel L, Einfeldt AK, Windhagen H, Hurschler C, Jakubowitz E. Contribution of various forefoot areas to push-off peak at different speeds and slopes during walking. Gait Posture 2024; 108:264-269. [PMID: 38150947 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Push-off during the terminal stance phase has a major impact on forward progression during walking. During this phase, the ground reaction force is applied to a small area under the forefoot. A better understanding of how single forefoot areas contribute to push-off peak in healthy subjects is needed to develop biomimetic orthopedic devices for forefoot amputees. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the contribution of different forefoot sole areas to push-off peak as a function of speed and slope? METHODS In this analytical study, 15 healthy subjects walked on a treadmill at different speeds (0.8 m/s; 1.2 m/s; 1.6 m/s; max. gait speed) without de-/inclination and on different slopes (-10°; -5°; 0°; 5°; 10°) with normal walking speed. The Novel Pedar-X System was used to measure vertical sole force. Push-off peak of the entire sole was determined and relative contributions of the areas under the hallux, first ray, and toes (I-V) were calculated and analyzed using separate repeated-measures ANOVA (α = 0.05). RESULTS Push-off peak increases with faster walking speeds as well as with 10° inclination. Downhill walking is associated with a reduced push-off peak. The contribution of all forefoot areas increases with faster walking speeds and at a declination of -10°. Push-off contribution of the area under the hallux increases by about 64.6% at fast walking compared to slow walking and this increase is higher than that of the area under the first ray and toes (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE These findings indicate the major role of the hallux in speed generation and the importance of the forefoot during downhill walking. The results show the need for an adequate assistive device even in hallux amputation cases to compensate for deficits in the push-off phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frithjof Doerks
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Strasse 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lisa Riedel
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Strasse 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Einfeldt
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Strasse 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Windhagen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Strasse 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christof Hurschler
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Strasse 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Eike Jakubowitz
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Strasse 1-7, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Na CH, Siebers HL, Reim J, Eschweiler J, Hildebrand F, Clusmann H, Betsch M. Kinematic movement and balance parameter analysis in neurological gait disorders. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:6. [PMID: 38225612 PMCID: PMC10790442 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurological gait disorders are mainly classified based on clinical observation, and therefore difficult to objectify or quantify. Movement analysis systems provide objective parameters, which may increase diagnostic accuracy and may aid in monitoring the disease course. Despite the increasing wealth of kinematic movement and balance parameter data, the discriminative value for the differentiation of neurological gait disorders is still unclear. We hypothesized that kinematic motion and balance parameter metrics would be differently altered across neurological gait disorders when compared to healthy controls. METHODS Thirty one patients (9 normal pressure hydrocephalus < NPH > , 16 cervical myelopathy < CM > , 6 lumbar stenosis < LST >) and 14 healthy participants were investigated preoperatively in an outpatient setting using an inertial measurement system (MyoMotion) during 3 different walking tasks (normal walking, dual-task walking with simultaneous backward counting, fast walking). In addition, the natural postural sway of participants was measured by pedobarography, with the eyes opened and closed. The range of motion (ROM) in different joint angles, stride time, as well as sway were compared between different groups (between-subject factor), and different task conditions (within-subject factor) by a mixed model ANOVA. RESULTS Kinematic metrics and balance parameters were differently altered across different gait disorders compared to healthy controls. Overall, NPH patients significantly differed from controls in all movement parameters except for stride time, while they differed in balance parameters only with regard to AP movement. LST patients had significantly reduced ROMs of the shoulders, hips, and ankles, with significantly altered balance parameters regarding AP movement and passed center-of-pressure (COP) distance. CM patients differed from controls only in the ROM of the hip and ankle, but were affected in nearly all balance parameters, except for force distribution. CONCLUSION The application of inertial measurement systems and pedobarography is feasible in an outpatient setting in patients with different neurological gait disorders. Rather than defining singular discriminative values, kinematic gait and balance metrics may provide characteristic profiles of movement parameter alterations in the sense of specific ´gait signatures´ for different pathologies, which could improve diagnostic accuracy by defining objective and quantifiable measures for the discrimination of different neurological gait disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was retrospectively registered on the 27th of March 2023 in the 'Deutsches Register für Klinische Studien' under the number DRKS00031555.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuh-Hyoun Na
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany.
| | - Hannah Lena Siebers
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Reim
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans Clusmann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, Aachen, 52074, Germany
| | - Marcel Betsch
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Yamamoto A, Fujita K, Yamada E, Ibara T, Nihey F, Inai T, Tsukamoto K, Kobayashi Y, Nakahara K, Okawa A. Gait characteristics in patients with distal radius fracture using an in-shoe inertial measurement system at various gait speeds. Gait Posture 2024; 107:317-323. [PMID: 37914562 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distal radius fractures (DRF) commonly occur in early postmenopausal females as the first fragility fracture. Although the incidence of DRF in this set of patients may be related to a lower ability to control their balance and gait, the detailed gait characteristics of DRF patients have not been examined. RESEARCH QUESTION Is it possible to identify the physical and gait features of DRF patients using in-shoe inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors at various gait speeds and to develop a machine learning (ML) algorithm to estimate patients with DRF using gait? METHODS In this cross-sectional case control study, we recruited 28 postmenopausal females with DRF as their first fragility fracture and 32 age-matched females without a history of fragility fractures. The participants underwent several physical and gait tests. In the gait performance test, the participants walked 16 m with the in-shoe IMU sensor at slower, preferred, and faster speeds. The gait parameters were calculated by the IMU, and we applied the ML technique using the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm to predict the presence of DRF. RESULTS The fracture group showed lower hand grip strength and lower ability to change gait speed. The difference in gait parameters was mainly observed at faster speeds. The amplitude of the change in the parameters was small in the fracture group. The XGBoost model demonstrated reasonable accuracy in predicting DRFs (area under the curve: 0.740), and the most relevant variable was the stance time at a faster speed. SIGNIFICANCE Gait analysis using in-shoe IMU sensors at different speeds is useful for evaluating the characteristics of DRFs. The obtained gait parameters allow the prediction of fractures using the XGBoost algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Functional Joint Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
| | - Eriku Yamada
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Takuya Ibara
- Department of Functional Joint Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Nihey
- Environmental and Material Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation 1131, Hinode, Abiko-city, Chiba 270-1198, Japan
| | - Takuma Inai
- QOL and Materials Research Group, Health and Medical Research Institute, Department of Life Science and Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu-city, Kagawa 761-0301, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Kobayashi
- Human Augmentation Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 2-8-5 Aomi, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakahara
- Environmental and Material Research Laboratories, NEC Corporation 1131, Hinode, Abiko-city, Chiba 270-1198, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okawa
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Yoon DH, Kim JH, Lee K, Cho JS, Jang SH, Lee SU. Inertial measurement unit sensor-based gait analysis in adults and older adults: A cross-sectional study. Gait Posture 2024; 107:212-217. [PMID: 37863672 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gait assessment has been used in a wide range of clinical applications, and gait velocity is also a leading predictor of disease and physical functional aspects in older adults. RESEARCH QUESTION The study aim to examine the changes in IMU-based gait parameters according to age in healthy adults aged 50 and older, to analyze differences between aging patients. METHODS A total of 296 healthy adults (65.32 ± 6.74 yrs; 83.10 % female) were recruited. Gait assessment was performed using an IMU sensor-based gait analysis system, and 3D motion information of hip and knee joints was obtained using magnetic sensors. The basic characteristics of the study sample were stratified by age category, and the baseline characteristics between the groups were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pearson's correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between age as the dependent variable and several measures of gait parameters and joint angles as independent variables. RESULTS The results of this study found that there were significant differences in gait velocity and both terminal double support in the three groups according to age, and statistically significant differences in the three groups in hip joint angle and knee joints angle. In addition, it was found that the gait velocity and knee/hip joint angle changed with age, and the gait velocity and knee/hip joint angle were also different in the elderly and adult groups. CONCLUSIONS We found changes in gait parameters and joint angles according to age in healthy adults and older adults and confirmed the difference in gait velocity and joint angles between adults and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Yoon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyuwon Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Cho
- Korea Orthopedics & Rehabilitation Engineering Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Jang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Shi-Uk Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
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McPherson A, McDaid AJ, Ward S. Toward Personalized Orthopedic Care: Validation of a Smart Knee Brace. Digit Biomark 2024; 8:75-82. [PMID: 38655376 PMCID: PMC11037895 DOI: 10.1159/000538487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Wearable technology offers a promising solution to advance current rehabilitation strategies for post-operative orthopedic care. The aim of this study was to determine the level of agreement and concurrent validity of a smart knee brace compared to the gold standard measurement system GAITRite® for assessing lower limb gait parameters. Methods Thirty-four healthy participants were fitted with the smart knee brace (Digital Knee®) on their dominant limb. Gait parameters (stride length, stride time, and gait velocity) were measured simultaneously using the Digital Knee® and the GAITRite® electronic walkway. Two walks were performed at a comfortable speed and two at a fast-walking speed. Results At a comfortable walking speed, stride time was moderately valid (ICC2,1 = 0.66 s), and stride length and gait velocity demonstrated poor validity (ICC2,1 = 0.29; ICC2,1 = 0.41). All gait parameters demonstrated poor validity at a fast-walking speed (ICC2,1 = -0.16 to -0.01). Bias ranged from -0.08 to 0.28, with more clinically acceptable percentage errors at a comfortable walking speed (14.1-30%) versus at a fast-walking speed (26.4-42.6%). Gait velocity and stride length had substantially higher biases in the fast-walking speed compared to the comfortable walking speed (0.28 ± 0.39 m s-1 vs. 0.02 ± 0.21 m s-1; 0.15 ± 0.23 m vs. -0.04 ± 0.17 m). Limits of agreement were considered narrower for stride time compared to stride length and gait velocity. Conclusion The Digital Knee® is a promising approach to improving post-operative rehabilitation outcomes in patients with osteoarthritis. The Digital Knee® demonstrated good agreement and moderate concurrent validity for measuring gait metrics at a comfortable walking speed. These findings highlight the opportunity of the wearable sensor as an intervention for post-operative orthopedic care. This was a laboratory-based study; thus, further research is required to validate the wearable sensor in real-world contexts and in patients with knee pathologies. Further, refinement of the algorithm for measuring gait metrics at slow- and fast-walking speed with the Digital Knee® is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annah McPherson
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew J. McDaid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Ward
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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