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Shabelko AR, Derevyanko NA, Ishchenko AA, Yu Tananaiko O. Indopolycarbocyanine dyes as perspective analytical reagents for spectrophotometric determination of nitrite by radical nitration. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 321:124728. [PMID: 38955070 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of nitrite was developed, based on the radical nitration of indopolycarbocyanine dyes in the presence of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO). The rate of the reaction of the studied dyes with nitrite increases with the lengthening of the polymethine chain and the presence of hydrophilic sulfo groups in the side chain of the dye. TEMPO acts as a co-reagent, significantly accelerating the reaction rate and increasing the sensitivity of nitrite determination. The proposed reaction mechanism is supported by spectrophotometric and HPLC/MS studies. For Ind2 (tetramethine indocarbocyanine cationic dye), the limit of detection for nitrite is 0.50 µM within a linearity range of 1-13 µM. The developed method is sensitive, with a LOD 130 times lower than the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of nitrite in drinking water (65 μM), as specified by the WHO. The method is of low-toxicity and good selectivity, as the determination of nitrite is not significantly affected by the main components of water. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of nitrite in natural and bottled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrii R Shabelko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv 01601, Kyiv, Str. Volodymyrska, 64/13, Ukraine
| | - Nadiya A Derevyanko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, 02660 Kyiv, Str. Akademika Kuharya,5, Ukraine
| | - Alexander A Ishchenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of the NAS of Ukraine, 02660 Kyiv, Str. Akademika Kuharya,5, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Yu Tananaiko
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv 01601, Kyiv, Str. Volodymyrska, 64/13, Ukraine.
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Nkemngong C, Teska P. Biofilms, mobile genetic elements and the persistence of pathogens on environmental surfaces in healthcare and food processing environments. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1405428. [PMID: 38894974 PMCID: PMC11183103 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1405428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are the natural state for bacterial and fungal species. To achieve surface hygiene in commercial facilities, the presence of biofilms must be adequately considered. However, standard disinfectant and sanitizer efficacy tests required by the US-EPA and the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) do not currently consider the role of environmental biofilms. This selective review will discuss what biofilms are and why they are important. We will also cover where they are commonly found in healthcare and food processing facilities and explore how current antimicrobial test methods required for product registration do not test for the presence of biofilms. Additionally, we will explore how a lack of efficacy against biofilms may play a role in the development of antimicrobial resistance in healthcare facilities due to the exchange of mobile genetic elements that occur readily in a biofilm matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Teska
- Diversey-A Solenis Company, Fort Mill, SC, United States
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da Cruz Nizer WS, Adams ME, Allison KN, Montgomery MC, Mosher H, Cassol E, Overhage J. Oxidative stress responses in biofilms. Biofilm 2024; 7:100203. [PMID: 38827632 PMCID: PMC11139773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2024.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidizing agents are low-molecular-weight molecules that oxidize other substances by accepting electrons from them. They include reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anions (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (HO-), and reactive chlorine species (RCS) including sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and its active ingredient hypochlorous acid (HOCl), and chloramines. Bacteria encounter oxidizing agents in many different environments and from diverse sources. Among them, they can be produced endogenously by aerobic respiration or exogenously by the use of disinfectants and cleaning agents, as well as by the mammalian immune system. Furthermore, human activities like industrial effluent pollution, agricultural runoff, and environmental activities like volcanic eruptions and photosynthesis are also sources of oxidants. Despite their antimicrobial effects, bacteria have developed many mechanisms to resist the damage caused by these toxic molecules. Previous research has demonstrated that growing as a biofilm particularly enhances bacterial survival against oxidizing agents. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the resistance mechanisms employed by bacterial biofilms against ROS and RCS, focussing on the most important mechanisms, including the formation of biofilms in response to oxidative stressors, the biofilm matrix as a protective barrier, the importance of detoxifying enzymes, and increased protection within multi-species biofilm communities. Understanding the complexity of bacterial responses against oxidative stress will provide valuable insights for potential therapeutic interventions and biofilm control strategies in diverse bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madison Elisabeth Adams
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
| | - Kira Noelle Allison
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
| | | | - Hailey Mosher
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
| | - Joerg Overhage
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, ON, Canada
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Ahmed WI, Mohammed AN, Sleim ASA. Efficacy evaluation of hydrogen peroxide disinfectant based zinc oxide nanoparticles against diarrhea causing Escherichia coli in ruminant animals and broiler chickens. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9159. [PMID: 38644372 PMCID: PMC11033286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Different strains of Escherichia coli that exhibit genetic characteristics linked to diarrhea pose a major threat to both human and animal health. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli), the genetic linkages and routes of transmission between E. coli isolates from different animal species. The efficiency of disinfectants such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Virkon®S, TH4+, nano zinc oxide (ZnO NPs), and H2O2-based zinc oxide nanoparticles (H2O2/ZnO NPs) against isolated strains of E. coli was evaluated. Using 100 fecal samples from different diarrheal species (cow n = 30, sheep n = 40, and broiler chicken n = 30) for E. coli isolation and identification using the entero-bacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC-PCR) fingerprinting technique. The E. coli properties isolated from several diarrheal species were examined for their pathogenicity in vitro. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, and particle size distribution were used for the synthesis and characterization of ZnO NPs and H2O2/ZnO NPs. The broth macro-dilution method was used to assess the effectiveness of disinfectants and disinfectant-based nanoparticles against E. coli strains. Regarding the results, the hemolytic activity and Congo red binding assays of pathogenic E. coli isolates were 55.3 and 44.7%, respectively. Eleven virulent E. coli isolates were typed into five ERIC-types (A1, A2, B1, B2, and B3) using the ERIC-PCR method. These types clustered into two main clusters (A and B) with 75% similarity. In conclusion, there was 90% similarity between the sheep samples' ERIC types A1 and A2. On the other hand, 89% of the ERIC types B1, B2, and B3 of cows and poultry samples were comparable. The H2O2/ZnO NPs composite exhibits potential antibacterial action against E. coli isolates at 0.04 mg/ml after 120 min of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa I Ahmed
- Bacteriology Lab., Alexandria Provincial Lab., Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Asmaa N Mohammed
- Department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Al-Shimaa A Sleim
- Bacteriology Lab., Alexandria Provincial Lab., Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
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Youté OD, Domngang Noche C, Tamatcho Kweyang BP, Kougang EG, Fotsing Kwetche PR. Surface decontamination effectiveness at the "Université des Montagnes" Teaching Hospital: Monitoring in the biomedical analysis laboratory. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25647. [PMID: 38370175 PMCID: PMC10874729 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Many infections in healthcare facilities are associated with the microbiological quality of the work environment, generally due to poor sanitation. Aim In order to evaluate the effectiveness of a decontamination protocol (cleaning + disinfection) applied at the "Université des Montagnes" Teaching Hospital, the present study assessed the variation of bacterial loads on surfaces subsequent to decontamination. Susceptibility of bacteria to disinfectants was also evaluated in the same frame. Methodology This work was conducted with an adjusted bacterial detection/enumeration and susceptibility test protocols and standard bacterial identification protocols. Sampling on surfaces was performed by wet swabbing before cleaning, between cleaning and disinfection and after disinfection. Results Major findings revealed the predominance of Staphylococcus (75.5%) on target surfaces. High bacterial loads recorded on these surfaces before decontamination became undetectable after cleaning with the detergent "Pax lemon". The majority of isolates (98%) were susceptible to the disinfectants tested, (Surfanios® 0.25% and sodium hypochlorite 0.12%). Conclusion Overall, these findings indicated process effectiveness on the subjected bacterial populations and suggest the use of either Surfanios® (0.25%) or sodium hypochlorite (0.12%) for work surfaces hygiene, justifying the use of these products in this department for surface decontamination. Also, cleaning with the detergent "Pax lemon" and disinfection with sodium hypochlorite may be sufficient for the types of surfaces subjected in the present research.
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Affiliation(s)
- O'Neal Dorsel Youté
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Université des Montagnes Teaching Hospital, Bangangté-Cameroon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté-Cameroon
| | - Christelle Domngang Noche
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Université des Montagnes Teaching Hospital, Bangangté-Cameroon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté-Cameroon
- School of Human Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté-Cameroon
| | | | - Esther Guladys Kougang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Université des Montagnes Teaching Hospital, Bangangté-Cameroon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté-Cameroon
| | - Pierre René Fotsing Kwetche
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Université des Montagnes Teaching Hospital, Bangangté-Cameroon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté-Cameroon
- School of Human Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université des Montagnes, Bangangté-Cameroon
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Salem M, Younis G, Sadat A, Nouh NAT, Binjawhar DN, Abdel-Daim MM, Elbadawy M, Awad A. Dissemination of mcr-1 and β-lactamase genes among Pseudomonas aeruginosa: molecular characterization of MDR strains in broiler chicks and dead-in-shell chicks infections. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2024; 23:9. [PMID: 38281970 PMCID: PMC10823725 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-024-00669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the most serious pathogens implicated in antimicrobial resistance, and it has been identified as an ESKAPE along with other extremely significant multidrug resistance pathogens. The present study was carried out to explore prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility phenotypes, virulence-associated genes, integron (int1), colistin (mcr-1), and β-lactamase resistance' genes (ESBls), as well as biofilm profiling of P. aeruginosa isolated from broiler chicks and dead in-shell chicks. DESIGN A total of 300 samples from broiler chicks (n = 200) and dead in-shell chicks (n = 100) collected from different farms and hatcheries located at Mansoura, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt were included in this study. Bacteriological examination was performed by cultivation of the samples on the surface of both Cetrimide and MacConkey's agar. Presumptive colonies were then subjected to biochemical tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) targeting 16S rRNA. The recovered isolates were tested for the presence of three selected virulence-associated genes (lasB, toxA, and exoS). Furthermore, the retrieved isolates were subjected to phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as well as phenotypic detection of ESBLs by both Double Disc Synergy Test (DDST) and the Phenotypic Confirmatory Disc Diffusion Test (PCDDT). P. aeruginosa isolates were then tested for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs): int1, mcr-1, and ESBL genes (OXA-10, OXA-2, VEB-1, SHV, TEM, and CTX-M). Additionally, biofilm production was examined by the Tube Adherent method (TA) and Microtiter Plate assay (MTP). RESULTS Fifty -five isolates were confirmed to be P. aeruginosa, including 35 isolates from broiler chicks and 20 isolates from dead in-shell chicks. The three tested virulence genes (lasB, toxA, and exoS) were detected in all isolates. Antibiogram results showed complete resistance against penicillin, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, streptomycin, erythromycin, spectinomycin, and doxycycline, while a higher sensitivity was observed against meropenem, imipenem, colistin sulfate, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. ESBL production was confirmed in 12 (21.8%) and 15 (27.3%) isolates by DDST and PCDDT, respectively. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs): int1, mcr-1, and ESBL genes (OXA-10, SHV, TEM, and CTX-M), were detected in 87.3%, 18.2%, 16.4%, 69.1%, 72.7%, and 54.5% of the examined isolates respectively, whereas no isolate harbored the OXA-2 or VEB-1 genes. Based on the results of both methods used for detection of biofilm formation, Kappa statistics [kappa 0.324] revealed a poor agreement between both methods. CONCLUSIONS the emergence of mcr-1 and its coexistence with other resistance genes such as β-lactamase genes, particularly blaOXA-10, for the first time in P. aeruginosa from young broiler chicks and dead in-shell chicks in Egypt pose a risk not only to the poultry industry but also to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Salem
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Gamal Younis
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Sadat
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Nehal Ahmed Talaat Nouh
- Program Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Batterjee Medical College, 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Inpatient Pharmacy, Mansoura University Hospitals, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Dalal Nasser Binjawhar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, 13736, Elqaliobiya, Egypt
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Amal Awad
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Lv X, Yan K, Han X, Wang F, Ma Y, Zhang S, Wang X. Effective disinfecting of negative pressure pipelines of DCUs reduces the risk of cross infection in dental care. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2299538. [PMID: 38193138 PMCID: PMC10773641 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2299538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Microbial contamination of various accessory parts of the dental chair units (DCUs) is an essential source of cross infection, while the accessories of the crucial suction function are usually overlooked. In this study, we aim to find an effective disinfectant and a cost-effective method to remove bacterioplankton and bacterial biofilm deposited in the negative pressure suction pipelines to control cross infection during dental treatment. Methods Double-chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant (Orotol Plus®), 3% hydrogen peroxide solution plus multi-enzyme cleaning agent and chlorine disinfectant are used to clean and disinfect the negative pressure pipelines of DCUs. Microbiological examinations, air condition detection, corrosion tests and gene sequencing are performed. Results Little bacteria grow in the pipelines disinfected with double-chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants, destruction of biofilms in these pipelines appears, and multi-resistant bacteria cannot be detected. Minimal damage to metal sheets and fittings is caused by double-chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants. Conclusion Double-chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant has excellent bactericidal ability and anti-biofilm effect, and it is less corrosive to the fittings of the pipelines. Thus, the double-chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant is a potential novel disinfectant for negative pressure suction pipelines of DCUs to control cross infection during dental treatment. Clinical significance It is essential to add all these data to our dental practice to control cross infection with a broader landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Lv
- Department of Periodontology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Periodontology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Han
- Department of Periodontology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feiyang Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuzhuo Ma
- Department of Periodontology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shougang Zhang
- Department of Disinfection and Vector Control, Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Periodontology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Edwards JV, Prevost NT, Hinchliffe DJ, Nam S, Chang S, Hron RJ, Madison CA, Smith JN, Poffenberger CN, Taylor MM, Martin EJ, Dixon KJ. Preparation and Activity of Hemostatic and Antibacterial Dressings with Greige Cotton/Zeolite Formularies Having Silver and Ascorbic Acid Finishes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17115. [PMID: 38069435 PMCID: PMC10706952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for prehospital hemostatic dressings that exert an antibacterial effect is of interest for prolonged field care. Here, we consider a series of antibacterial and zeolite formulary treatment approaches applied to a cotton-based dressing. The design of the fabric formulations was based on the hemostatic dressing TACGauze with zeolite Y incorporated as a procoagulant with calcium and pectin to facilitate fiber adherence utilizing silver nanoparticles, and cellulose-crosslinked ascorbic acid to confer antibacterial activity. Infra-red spectra were employed to characterize the chemical modifications on the dressings. Contact angle measurements were employed to document the surface hydrophobicity of the cotton fabric which plays a role in the contact activation of the coagulation cascade. Ammonium Y zeolite-treated dressings initiated fibrin equal to the accepted standard hemorrhage control dressing and showed similar improvement with antibacterial finishes. The antibacterial activity of cotton-based technology utilizing both citrate-linked ascorbate-cellulose conjugate analogs and silver nanoparticle-embedded cotton fibers was observed against Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae at a level of 99.99 percent in the AATCC 100 assay. The hydrogen peroxide levels of the ascorbic acid-based fabrics, measured over a time period from zero up to forty-eight hours, were in line with the antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Vincent Edwards
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (N.T.P.); (D.J.H.); (S.N.); (S.C.); (R.J.H.); (C.A.M.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Nicolette T. Prevost
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (N.T.P.); (D.J.H.); (S.N.); (S.C.); (R.J.H.); (C.A.M.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Doug J. Hinchliffe
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (N.T.P.); (D.J.H.); (S.N.); (S.C.); (R.J.H.); (C.A.M.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Sunghyun Nam
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (N.T.P.); (D.J.H.); (S.N.); (S.C.); (R.J.H.); (C.A.M.); (J.N.S.)
| | - SeChin Chang
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (N.T.P.); (D.J.H.); (S.N.); (S.C.); (R.J.H.); (C.A.M.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Rebecca J. Hron
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (N.T.P.); (D.J.H.); (S.N.); (S.C.); (R.J.H.); (C.A.M.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Crista A. Madison
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (N.T.P.); (D.J.H.); (S.N.); (S.C.); (R.J.H.); (C.A.M.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Jade N. Smith
- Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; (N.T.P.); (D.J.H.); (S.N.); (S.C.); (R.J.H.); (C.A.M.); (J.N.S.)
| | - Chelsie N. Poffenberger
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (C.N.P.); (M.M.T.); (K.J.D.)
| | - Michelle M. Taylor
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (C.N.P.); (M.M.T.); (K.J.D.)
| | - Erika J. Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA;
| | - Kirsty J. Dixon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (C.N.P.); (M.M.T.); (K.J.D.)
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Wormald R, Humphreys PN, Charles CJ, Rout SP. Bacillus-based probiotic cleansers reduce the formation of dry biofilms on common hospital surfaces. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1391. [PMID: 38129979 PMCID: PMC10664183 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In the absence of liquid suspension, dry biofilms can form upon hard surfaces within a hospital environment, representing a healthcare-associated infection risk. Probiotic cleansers using generally recognized as safe organisms, such as those of the Bacillus genus, represent a potential strategy for the reduction of dry biofilm bioburden. The mechanisms of action and efficacy of these cleaners are, however, poorly understood. To address this, a preventative dry biofilm assay was developed using steel, melamine, and ceramic surfaces to assess the ability of a commercially available Bacillus spp. based probiotic cleanser to reduce the surface bioburden of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Via this assay, phosphate-buffered saline controls were able to generate dry biofilms within 7 days of incubation, with the application of the probiotic cleanser able to prevent >97.7% of dry biofilm formation across both pathogen analogs and surface types. Further to this, surfaces treated with the probiotic mixture alone also showed a reduction in dry biofilm across both pathogen and surface types. Confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging indicated that the probiotic bacteria were able to germinate and colonize surfaces, likely forming a protective layer upon these hard surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wormald
- Department of Biological and Geographical SciencesUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK
| | - Paul N. Humphreys
- Department of Biological and Geographical SciencesUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK
| | | | - Simon P. Rout
- Department of Biological and Geographical SciencesUniversity of HuddersfieldHuddersfieldUK
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10
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Weber DJ, Rutala WA, Anderson DJ, Sickbert-Bennett EE. Biofilms on medical instruments and surfaces: Do they interfere with instrument reprocessing and surface disinfection. Am J Infect Control 2023; 51:A114-A119. [PMID: 37890940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.04.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilms are surface-attached communities of bacteria embedded in an extracellular matrix. This matrix shields the resident cells from desiccation, chemical perturbation, invasion by other bacteria, and confers reduced susceptibility to antibiotics and disinfectants. There is growing evidence that biofilms on medical instruments (especially endoscopes) and environmental surfaces interfere with cleaning and disinfection. METHODS The English literature on the impact of biofilms in medicine was reviewed with a focus on the impact of biofilms on reusable semicritical medical instruments and hospital environmental surfaces. RESULTS Biofilms are frequently present on hospital environmental surfaces and reusable medical equipment. Important health care...associated pathogens that readily form biofilms on environmental surfaces include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida auris. Evidence has demonstrated that biofilms interfere with cleaning and disinfection. DISCUSSION New technologies such as ..úself-disinfecting..Ñ surfaces or continuous room disinfection systems may reduce or disrupt biofilm formation and are under study to reduce the impact of the contaminated surface environment on health care...associated infections. CONCLUSIONS Future research is urgently needed to develop methods to reduce or eliminate biofilms from forming on implantable medical devices, reusable medical equipment, and hospital surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Weber
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Infection Prevention, UNC Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - William A Rutala
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Deverick J Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Emily E Sickbert-Bennett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC; Department of Infection Prevention, UNC Medical Center, Chapel Hill, NC
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Damiano P, Silago V, Nyawale HA, Mushi MF, Mirambo MM, Kimaro EE, Mshana SE. Efficacy of disinfectants on control and clinical bacteria strains at a zonal referral hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania: a cross sectional hospital-based study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17998. [PMID: 37865710 PMCID: PMC10590406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Contaminated-hospital surfaces are an important source of pathogenic bacteria causing health-care associated infection (HCAIs). Monitoring the performance of disinfectants that are routinely used to clean hospital surfaces is critical for prevention and control of HCAIs. Nevertheless, the evaluation of the performance of disinfectants and their efficacy are not routinely practiced in most resource-limited countries. This study was designed to determine the efficacy of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) and chloroxylenol against American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and their respective multidrug resistant (MDR) strains causing neonatal sepsis at a zonal referral hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. Four ATCC (n = 4) and their respective MDR strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used. The suspension test was used with contact time of 1, 5 and 10 min with starting concentration of 105 bacterial colony forming unit per milliliters (CFU/mL). The log10 reduction value at specified bacteria-disinfectant contact time was used to assess the efficacy of 0.5%NaDCC and 4.8% chloroxylenol in-use and freshly prepared solutions. In-use 0.5%NaDCC demonstrated poor log reduction (˂ 5log) against MDR-clinical isolates. Freshly laboratory prepared 0.5% NaDCC had 100% microbial reduction at 1, 5 and 10 min of both ATCC and MDR strains up to 48 h after preparation when compared with freshly prepared 4.8% chloroxylenol (˂ 5log). Freshly, prepared 0.5% NaDCC should be used in health-care facilities for effective disinfection practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Damiano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania.
| | - Vitus Silago
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Helmut A Nyawale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Martha F Mushi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Mariam M Mirambo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Emmanuel E Kimaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Stephen E Mshana
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Bugando School of Medicine, Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences, P. O. Box 1464, Mwanza, Tanzania
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12
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Trang PN, Anh Ngoc TT, Masuda Y, Hohjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli in a Vietnamese Pangasius fish processing facility. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20727. [PMID: 37867806 PMCID: PMC10585221 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the occurrence, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli in the Vietnamese Pangasius fish processing facility. Among 144 samples including Pangasius fish, wash water, food contact surfaces, and personnel gloves, 18 E. coli isolates was detected and characterized. The E. coli was detected most frequently in wash water samples (22%, 8/36), followed by Pangasius fish (18%, 8/45). According to the antibiotic susceptibility test by the disc diffusion method, isolates showed the highest resistance against sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (45%), followed by tetracycline (39%), whereas all the E. coli isolates were susceptible to meropenem and fosfomycin. Notably, 39% of the isolates (7/18) were found to be multidrug resistant while no E. coli isolates were confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers by the double-disk synergy test. The potency to form biofilm on the polystyrene surface of E. coli isolates indicated that 44% of the isolates (8/18) were classified as weak, 39% (7/18) as moderate, and 17% (3/18) as strong biofilm formers. Interestingly, multidrug resistant E. coli isolates were observed in moderate and strong biofilm producers. Additionally, either slightly acidic hypochlorous water with 40 mg/L of available chlorine or sodium hypochlorite with 100 mg/L of available chlorine exhibited a significant reduction in biofilm mass and biofilm cells of E. coli isolates. This study may provide helpful information about the actual state of E. coli isolates for effective control in the fish processing plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phan Nguyen Trang
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Tong Thi Anh Ngoc
- Department of Food Technology, Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Can Tho University, Campus II, 3/2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Can Tho, Viet Nam
| | - Yoshimitsu Masuda
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University,744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Hohjoh
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University,744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahisa Miyamoto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University,744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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13
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Geraldes C, Tavares L, Gil S, Oliveira M. Biocides in the Hospital Environment: Application and Tolerance Development. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:456-476. [PMID: 37643289 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospital-acquired infections are a rising problem with consequences for patients, hospitals, and health care workers. Biocides can be employed to prevent these infections, contributing to eliminate or reduce microorganisms' concentrations at the hospital environment. These antimicrobials belong to several groups, each with distinct characteristics that need to be taken into account in their selection for specific applications. Moreover, their activity is influenced by many factors, such as compound concentration and the presence of organic matter. This article aims to review some of the chemical biocides available for hospital infection control, as well as the main factors that influence their efficacy and promote susceptibility decreases, with the purpose to contribute for reducing misusage and consequently for preventing the development of resistance to these antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Geraldes
- Department of Animal Health, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- Department of Animal Health, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Solange Gil
- Department of Animal Health, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Animal Health, Biological Isolation and Containment Unit (BICU), Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- Department of Animal Health, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Alexander P L, Jonathan R, Gunnar K, Johan P E J. Amino acid buffered hypochlorite facilitates debridement of porcine infected burn wounds. Burns 2023; 49:1363-1371. [PMID: 36543728 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Removal of necrotic tissue is a vital step in the treatment of full-thickness burn wounds, with surgical debridement being the most effective method. Since minor burn wounds are typically treated on an outpatient basis where surgical capabilities can be limited there is a need for alternative treatment options. In this study we aim to evaluate the use of amino acid buffered hypochlorite (AABH) as a chemical enhancement for wound debridement in a porcine infected burn wound model. METHOD A total of 60 full-thickness burn wounds, 3 cm in diameter, were created on four pigs using a standardized burn device. The wounds were inoculated with 107 colony-forming units (CFU) of S. aureus. The experimental groups included wounds debrided with a plastic curette, wounds debrided after pretreatment with AABH, and control wounds wiped with gauze. Wounds were treated twice per week for three weeks. Debridement, healing, and infection parameters were evaluated over time. RESULTS After one week, but not after two and three weeks, the curette and AABH groups had higher debrided weights compared to control (p < 0.05). Percentage of wound area adequately cleared from necrotic tissue was higher in the AABH-group compared to the curette-group and control, after one week. The earliest healing was measured in the AABH group after two weeks (5 % of wounds), which also had the most healed wounds after three weeks (55 %). In both the AABH and the curette groups, bacterial load had fallen below 105 CFU/g after two weeks. No CFU were detectable in the AABH group after three weeks. The AABH-group was also the easiest to debride. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that AABH facilitates wound debridement and could be a helpful addition to an effective treatment modality for removal of necrotic tissue in full-thickness burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larsson Alexander P
- Laboratory for Experimental Plastic Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery, and Burns, Linköping University Hospital, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Rakar Jonathan
- Laboratory for Experimental Plastic Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-583 30, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kratz Gunnar
- Laboratory for Experimental Plastic Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Hand Surgery, Plastic Surgery, and Burns, Linköping University Hospital, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Junker Johan P E
- Laboratory for Experimental Plastic Surgery, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden; Center for Disaster Medicine and Traumatology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-583 30, Linköping, Sweden
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15
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Seferyan MA, Saverina EA, Frolov NA, Detusheva EV, Kamanina OA, Arlyapov VA, Ostashevskaya II, Ananikov VP, Vereshchagin AN. Multicationic Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: A Framework for Combating Bacterial Resistance. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1206-1220. [PMID: 37161274 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
During previous stages of research, high biocidal activity toward microorganism archival strains has been used as the main indicator in the development of new antiseptic formulations. Although this factor remains one of the most important characteristics of biocide efficiency, the scale of antimicrobial resistance spread causes serious concern. Therefore, focus shifts toward the development of formulations with a stable effect even in the case of prolonged contact with pathogens. Here, we introduce an original isocyanuric acid alkylation method with the use of available alkyl dichlorides, which opened access to a wide panel of multi-QACs with alkyl chains of various lengths between the nitrogen atoms of triazine and pyridine cycles. We used a complex approach for the resulting series of 17 compounds, including their antibiofilm properties, bacterial tolerance development, and antimicrobial activity toward multiresistant pathogenic strains. As a result of these efforts, available compounds have shown higher levels of antibacterial activity against ESKAPE pathogens than widely used commercial QACs. Hit compounds possessed high activity toward clinical bacterial strains and have also demonstrated a long-term biocidal effect without significant development of microorganism tolerance. The overall results indicated a high level of antibacterial activity and the broad application prospects of multi-QACs based on isocyanuric acid against multiresistant bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Seferyan
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniya A Saverina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Tula State University, Lenin pr. 92, 300012 Tula, Russia
| | - Nikita A Frolov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Detusheva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Obolensk, 142279 Serpukhov, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | | | - Irina I Ostashevskaya
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky pr. 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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16
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Jang JH, Jeong IS, Kang CM. The effect of decontamination using quaternary ammonium chloride on the bacterial burden of hospital privacy curtains. Nurs Health Sci 2023. [PMID: 37263618 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This quasi-experimental study aimed to identify the effect of decontamination using quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC) on bacterial burden on hospital privacy curtains. The objects were the high-touch edges of 66 polyester curtains in inpatient wards. The decontamination was performed daily (n = 22), twice-weekly (n = 22), or not performed (n = 22) for 28 days. The bacterial burden on the curtains was measured based on the number of bacteria, the proportion of curtains with >2.5 colony-forming unit/cm2 , and the proportion of curtains with multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). As a result, the daily or twice-weekly decontamination groups showed a significantly lower increase in bacterial burden than the no-decontamination group overall and at all four posttest times. On day 28, daily decontamination showed a lower increase in the number of bacteria (p < 0.001) and proportions of curtains with >2.5 colony form units/cm2 (p < 0.001) than the no-decontamination condition, and in the number of curtains with MDROs than twice-weekly decontamination. In conclusion, decontamination of curtains using QAC helps reduce bacterial burden, and daily decontamination is recommended up to 28 days after installation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hwa Jang
- Infection Control Unit, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ihn Sook Jeong
- College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Mi Kang
- College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
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17
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Evaluation of the bacterial contamination of face masks worn by personnel in a center of COVID 19 hospitalized patients: A cross-sectional study. New Microbes New Infect 2023; 52:101090. [PMID: 36744172 PMCID: PMC9883076 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the Coronavirus Pandemic, the use of masks has increased significantly. The lack of control on hygiene protocols and the need to use PPE properly increases the spread of bacterial infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of contamination and frequency of bacterial species isolated from surgical and N95 masks used by hospital personnel. Methods A total number of 175 masks were collected from staff working in Sina hospital (Hamadan province, Iran) during the first six months of 2022. The bacterial contamination of masks were evaluated and identified using biochemical kits. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolates were done using Kirby-Bauer methods and MIC were assessed for each isolate against different disinfectants (Sodium hypochlorite 5%, Hydrogen Peroxide 3%, Ethanol 70% and Deconex). Results Of 175 masks, 471 bacterial isolates were detected including 9 species. The most prevalent strain were Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (28%) followed by Acinetobacter (20.8%) and Pseudomonas (13.8%), while, Klebsiealla and Enterococcus were the least frequent species with the rate of 3.8% and 1.2%, respectively. The results of MIC methods indicated that all 471 strains were resistant to ehtanol70% and sensitive to hydrogen peroxide 3%. Furthermore, the mean average of Deconex inhibitory effect is lower than Sodium hypochlorite 5%. Conclusions According to the results of this study, there was a high prevalence of CoNS, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas in hospital with a high resistance pattern against antibiotics especially Ampicillin and disinfectants.
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18
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Εkonomou SΙ, Soe S, Stratakos AC. An explorative study on the antimicrobial effects and mechanical properties of 3D printed PLA and TPU surfaces loaded with Ag and Cu against nosocomial and foodborne pathogens. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 137:105536. [PMID: 36327651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial 3D printed surfaces made of PLA and TPU polymers loaded with copper (Cu), and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were developed via fused deposition modeling (FDM). The potential antimicrobial effect of the 3D printed surfaces against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus was evaluated. Furthermore, the mechanical characteristics, including surface topology and morphology, tensile test of specimens manufactured in three different orientations (XY, XZ, and ZX), water absorption capacity, and surface wettability were also assessed. The results showed that both Cu and Ag-loaded 3D printed surfaces displayed a higher inhibitory effect against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes biofilms compared to S. Typhimurium and E. coli biofilms. The results of SEM analysis revealed a low void fraction for the TPU and no voids for the PLA samples achieved through optimization and the small height (0.1 mm) of the printed layers. The best performing specimen in terms of its tensile was XY, followed by ZX and XZ orientation, while it indicated that Cu and Ag-loaded material had a slightly stiffer response than plain PLA. Additionally, Cu and Ag-loaded 3D printed surfaces revealed the highest hydrophobicity compared to the plain polymers making them excellent candidates for biomedical and food production settings to prevent initial bacterial colonization. The approach taken in the current study offers new insights for developing antimicrobial 3D printed surfaces and equipment to enable their application towards the inhibition of the most common nosocomial and foodborne pathogens and reduce the risk of cross-contamination and disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiriοs Ι Εkonomou
- College of Health, Science and Society, School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Shwe Soe
- College of Arts, Technology and Environment, School of Engineering, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Alexandros Ch Stratakos
- College of Health, Science and Society, School of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Coldharbour Ln, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK.
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Biocides with Controlled Degradation for Environmentally Friendly and Cost-Effective Fecal Sludge Management. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010045. [PMID: 36671737 PMCID: PMC9855048 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) and polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) exhibit high antimicrobial activity and are widely used as biocidal agents in chemical toilet additives for the management of fecal sludge (FS). Disposal of such biocide-treated FS to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a major environmental problem. It is possible to reduce environmental damage through the use of biocidal agents, which easily decompose after performing their main biocidal functions. In this work, it is proposed to use the fact of a gradual increase in pH of FS from the initial 7.5 to 9.0-10.0 due to the decomposition of urea. Six biocidal compounds were selected that are capable of rapidly degrading in an alkaline environment and one that naturally degrades upon prolonged incubation. Four of them: bronopol (30 mg/L), DBNPA (500 mg/L), Sharomix (500 mg/L), and sodium percarbonate (6000 mg/L) have shown promise for environmentally friendly management of FS. In selected dosage, they successfully reduced microbial activity under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions and are cost-effective. After 10 days of incubation, degradation of the biocide occurred as measured by biological oxygen demand (BOD5) in biocide-treated FS. Such FS can be discharged to WWTP without severe damage to the activated sludge process, the need for dilution and additional procedures to neutralize toxicity.
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Chauhan R, Azmi W, Goel G. "Multidimensional correlation analysis of temperature and contact time on eradication of biofilms of Cronobacter sakazakii on abiotic surfaces by combination of hypochlorite and malic acid". J Appl Microbiol 2022; 134:lxac072. [PMID: 36626728 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM In the present study, malic acid in combination with sodium hypochlorite is evaluated for eradication of biofilms formed by Cronobacter sakazakii strains individually and in a cocktail on different abiotic surfaces. METHOD AND RESULTS The biofilm formation by five strains of C. sakazakii and their cocktail culture on different substrates was studied in Tryptone Soy Broth (TSB) and reconstituted Powdered Infant Formula (PIF). Further, the effect of temperature (4, 27, 37 and 50°C) and contact time (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min) on antibiofilm potential of test solution (0.0625 mol l-1 malic acid and 0.00004 mol l-1 sodium hypochlorite) against biofilm formed by C. sakazakii cocktail culture was investigated on these surfaces. The effect was evaluated in terms of viable cell count and biofilm texture using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the maximum biofilm reduction was observed for stainless steel at 4°C after 60 min of contact whereas at 25, 37 and 50°C, maximum biofilm reduction was observed for polycarbonate. For glass and polyurethane, maximum log reductions were observed at 50°C. The SEM images revealed cell surface deformation and disruption in biofilms after treatment with the test solution. CONCLUSIONS The antibiofilm potential was observed to be greatly affected by contact time and temperature. These results indicated that the combination of malic acid NaOCl can effectively kill and remove C. sakazakii biofilms from food contact surfaces and enteral feeding tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, India
| | - Wamik Azmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Summer Hill, Shimla, 171005, India
| | - Gunjan Goel
- Department of Microbiology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central, University of Haryana, Mahendergarh- 123029, India
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21
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Nordholt N, O'Hara K, Resch-Genger U, Blaskovich MAT, Rühle B, Schreiber F. A fluorescently labelled quaternary ammonium compound (NBD-DDA) to study resistance mechanisms in bacteria. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1023326. [PMID: 36504769 PMCID: PMC9731378 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1023326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are widely used as active agents in disinfectants, antiseptics, and preservatives. Despite being in use since the 1940s, there remain multiple open questions regarding their detailed mode-of-action and the mechanisms, including phenotypic heterogeneity, that can make bacteria less susceptible to QACs. To facilitate studies on resistance mechanisms towards QACs, we synthesized a fluorescent quaternary ammonium compound, namely N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-[2-[(4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-7-yl)amino]ethyl]azanium-iodide (NBD-DDA). NBD-DDA is readily detected by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy with standard GFP/FITC-settings, making it suitable for molecular and single-cell studies. As a proof-of-concept, NBD-DDA was then used to investigate resistance mechanisms which can be heterogeneous among individual bacterial cells. Our results reveal that the antimicrobial activity of NBD-DDA against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is comparable to that of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a widely used QAC, and benzyl-dimethyl-dodecylammonium chloride (BAC12), a mono-constituent BAC with alkyl-chain length of 12 and high structural similarity to NBD-DDA. Characteristic time-kill kinetics and increased tolerance of a BAC tolerant E. coli strain against NBD-DDA suggest that the mode of action of NBD-DDA is similar to that of BAC. As revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), NBD-DDA is preferentially localized to the cell envelope of E. coli, which is a primary target of BAC and other QACs. Leveraging these findings and NBD-DDA's fluorescent properties, we show that reduced cellular accumulation is responsible for the evolved BAC tolerance in the BAC tolerant E. coli strain and that NBD-DDA is subject to efflux mediated by TolC. Overall, NBD-DDA's antimicrobial activity, its fluorescent properties, and its ease of detection render it a powerful tool to study resistance mechanisms of QACs in bacteria and highlight its potential to gain detailed insights into its mode-of-action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Nordholt
- Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms (4.1), Department of Materials and the Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kate O'Hara
- Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms (4.1), Department of Materials and the Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany,Division of Biophotonics (1.2), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Reference Materials, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division of Biophotonics (1.2), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Reference Materials, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mark A. T. Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bastian Rühle
- Division of Biophotonics (1.2), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Reference Materials, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Division of Biodeterioration and Reference Organisms (4.1), Department of Materials and the Environment, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Frank Schreiber,
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22
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Alvarado-Ávila M, Toledo-Carrillo E, Dutta J. Cerium Oxide on a Fluorinated Carbon-Based Electrode as a Promising Catalyst for Hypochlorite Production. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:37465-37475. [PMID: 36312353 PMCID: PMC9608405 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is widely used as a disinfectant agent for water treatment and surface cleaning. A straightforward way to produce NaOCl is by the electrolysis of an aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) solution. This process presents several side reactions decreasing its efficiency with hypochlorite reduction on the cathode surface being one of the main detrimental reactions. In this work, we have studied carbon-based electrodes modified with cerium oxide (CeO2), fluorine, and platinum nanoparticles as cathodes for hypochlorite production. Fluorination was carried out electrochemically; the polyol method was used to synthesize platinum nanoparticles; and the hydrothermal process was applied to form a CeO2 layer. Scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) indicated the presence of cerium oxide as a film, fluorine groups on the substrate, and a load of 3.2 mg/cm2 of platinum nanoparticles and 2.7 mg/cm2 of CeO2. From electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, it was possible to demonstrate that incorporating platinum and fluorine decreases the charge transfer resistance by 16% and 28%, respectively. Linear sweep voltammetry showed a significant decrease in hypochlorite reduction when the substrate was doped with fluorine from -16.6 mA/cm2 at -0.6 V to -9.64 mA/cm2 that further reduced to -8.78 mA/cm2 with cerium oxide covered fluorinated electrodes. The performance of the cathode materials during hypochlorite production improved by 80% compared with pristine activated carbon cloth (ACC) electrodes. The improvement toward hindering NaOCl reduction is probably caused by the incorporation of a partial negative charge upon doping with fluorine.
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23
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Egorova DA, Solovyev AI, Polyakov NB, Danilova KV, Scherbakova AA, Kravtsov IN, Dmitrieva MA, Rykova VS, Tutykhina IL, Romanova YM, Gintsburg AL. Biofilm matrix proteome of clinical strain of P. aeruginosa isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage of patient in intensive care unit. Microb Pathog 2022; 170:105714. [PMID: 35973647 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix plays a pivotal role in biofilm biology and proposed as a potential target for therapeutics development. As matrix is responsible for some extracellular functions and influence bacterial cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells, it must have unique protein composition. P. aeruginosa is one of the most important pathogens with emerging antibiotic resistance, but only a few studies were devoted to matrix proteomes and there are no studies describing matrix proteome for any clinical isolates except reference strains PAO1 and ATCC27853. Here we report the first biofilm matrix proteome of P. aeruginosa isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage of patient in intensive care unit. We have identified the largest number of proteins in the matrix among all published studies devoted to P. aeruginosa biofilms. Comparison of matrix proteome with proteome from embedded cells let us to identify several enriched bioprocess groups. Bioprocess groups with the largest number of overrepresented in matrix proteins were oxidation-reduction processes, proteolysis, and transmembrane transport. The top three represented in matrix bioprocesses concerning the size of the GO annotated database were cell redox homeostasis, nucleoside metabolism, and fatty acid synthesis. Finally, we discuss the obtained data in a prism of antibiofilm therapeutics development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Egorova
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1).
| | - Andrey I Solovyev
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Nikita B Polyakov
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Ksenya V Danilova
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Anastasya A Scherbakova
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Ivan N Kravtsov
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Maria A Dmitrieva
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Valentina S Rykova
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Irina L Tutykhina
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1)
| | - Yulia M Romanova
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1); I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119992, Russia(2)
| | - Alexander L Gintsburg
- National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology n. a. N.F. Gamaleya, Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, 123098, Russia(1); I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119992, Russia(2)
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24
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Enhancement Effects of Water Magnetization and/or Disinfection by Sodium Hypochlorite on Secondary Slaughterhouse Wastewater Effluent Quality and Disinfection By-Products. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater disinfection is one of the most critical issues in protecting human health against exposure to waterborne pathogenies. Chlorine is among the most commonly used disinfectants in many wastewaters’ treatment plants. Nevertheless, disquiets regarding chlorine’s disinfection by-products (DBPs) have grown recently. One of the most effective ways to reduce DBPs generation is to reduce chlorine dosage by increasing disinfectant efficiency. Using magnetic field (MF) in wastewater treatment is one of the promising research topics with significant progression. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of using a magnetic field and/or sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) disinfection on secondary slaughterhouse wastewater effluent quality and by-products. Three groups of secondary slaughterhouse wastewater effluents were used: G1 was treated with NaClO only at 0, 2, 4, and 6 mg/L; G2 was treated with exposure to MF at 14,500 gausses, and G3 was pretreated with MF, then NaClO at the exact chlorine dosages and MF strength. The results showed an augmented effect when using a magnetic field as a pre-treatment step before NaClO treatment in the remediation of slaughterhouse wastewater over the use of any of them solely. The removal rate of COD and BOD increased by up to 26 and 20%, respectively, when pre-treatment with MF was employed as a mean percentage at all chlorine dosages, while TSS, TDS, and EC increased by 23.5 and 5.5%, respectively. Over and above, the removal rate for each TN and TP increased by 12 and 6.5% as a mean percentage at all chlorine dosages when using a combination of the two. In addition, pre-treatment by MF reduced the required concentration of NaClO from 6 to 4 mg/L, resulting in an 11% increase in the reduction rate of total coliform count, 8% increase in the reduction rate of fecal coliforms, and 10% increase in the reduction rate of E. coli and 5% in Salmonella via increasing the disinfection efficiency of NaClO. Finally, it decreased the concentration of Chloroform produced by more than 77.2% by using the higher concentration of NaClO (6 mg/L). The issue that approved the promising approach of using MF as a pre-treatment step in the treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater provides the advantage of using smaller dosages of disinfection, lowering the cost of the procedure process, and reducing the harmful concentration of DBPs.
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Perception of Professionals from Different Healthcare Units Regarding the Use of Spray Technology for the Instantaneous Decontamination of Personal Protective Equipment during the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic: A Short Analysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Within the context of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, different disinfection technologies have been developed to efficiently exercise microbial control, especially to minimize the potential risks that are associated with transmission and infection among healthcare professionals. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the perception of professionals regarding the use of a new technology (chamber) for the instantaneous decontamination of personal protective equipment before the doffing stage. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study where the study data were obtained by using a questionnaire with qualitative questions. In total, 245 professionals participated in the study in three hospitals. Healthcare professionals represented 72.24% (n = 177) of the investigated sample. Approximately 69% of the professionals considered the disinfection chamber as a safe technology, and 75.10% considered it as an important and effective protective barrier for healthcare professionals in view of its application before the doffing process. The results found in this study demonstrate that the use of spray technology in the stage prior to the doffing process is acceptable to professionals, and that it can be an important tool for ensuring the additional protection of the professionals who work directly with patients who are diagnosed with COVID-19.
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26
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Hospital water as the source of healthcare-associated infection and antimicrobial-resistant organisms. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2022; 35:339-345. [PMID: 35849524 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Drinking water is considered one of the most overlooked and underestimated sources of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Recently, the prevention and control of opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens (OPPPs) in healthcare water systems has been receiving increasing attention in infection control guidelines. However, these fail to address colonization of pathogens that do not originate from source water. Subsequently, this review explores the role of water and premise plumbing biofilm in HAIs. The potential mechanisms of contamination and transmission of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) pathogens originating both from supply water and human microbiota are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS OPPPs, such as Legionella pneumophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium avium have been described as native to the plumbing environment. However, other pathogens, not found in the source water, have been found to proliferate in biofilms formed on outlets devices and cause HAI outbreaks. SUMMARY Biofilms formed on outlet devices, such as tap faucets, showers and drains provide an ideal niche for the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Thus, comprehensive surveillance guidelines are required to understand the role that drinking water and water-related devices play in the transmission of AMR HAIs and to improve infection control guidelines.
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27
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Rahimzadeh G, Zazouli MA, Rezai MS. Potential of lytic bacteriophages as disinfectant to control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on fomites. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:219-225. [PMID: 35669812 PMCID: PMC9163256 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Nosocomial infections can be transmitted by contaminated hospital surfaces with resistant pathogens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes public healthcare issues. Conventional sanitation is not efficiently contributing to removing resistant pathogens. Bacteriophages suggest safe and specific decontamination. Bacteriophages are a promising alternative strategy to chemical biocides. This research aimed to evaluate the potential of phage in controlling P. aeruginosa in infected hard surfaces. METHODS Bacteriophage was isolated from hospital wastewater. The efficiency lytic activity of phage against P. aeruginosa was assessed on various infected hard surfaces as plastic and ceramic. 50 µl of the phage lysate (2 × 1012 PFU/mL) and 50 µl of 70% Ethanol solution separately were spread on the different infected surfaces. After 15 min, 1, 3, 6, and 24 h, surfaces were directly sampled by contact plates. The bacterial load was evaluated by enumerating plate CFU. RESULTS Cystoviridae phages with titer (2 × 1012 PFU/mL) efficiently can reduce P. aeruginosa on contaminated surfaces. The treated surfaces with 70% Ethanol solution and phage showed an evident drop in bacterial cell number. CONCLUSIONS Bacteriophages can be used as a new option for the development of biological products aimed at the control and deletion of pathogens on contaminated hard surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnar Rahimzadeh
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zazouli
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Rezai
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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28
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Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in dogs and cats. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07310. [PMID: 35515338 PMCID: PMC9063721 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was identified among the most relevant antimicrobial‐resistant (AMR) bacteria in the EU for dogs and cats in a previous scientific opinion. Thus, it has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on its eligibility to be listed, Annex IV for its categorisation according to disease prevention and control rules as in Article 9, and Article 8 for listing animal species related to the bacterium. The assessment has been performed following a methodology previously published. The outcome is the median of the probability ranges provided by the experts, which indicates whether each criterion is fulfilled (lower bound ≥ 66%) or not (upper bound ≤ 33%), or whether there is uncertainty about fulfilment. Reasoning points are reported for criteria with uncertain outcome. According to the assessment here performed, it is uncertain whether AMR P. aeruginosa can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention according to Article 5 of the AHL (33–90% probability). According to the criteria in Annex IV, for the purpose of categorisation related to the level of prevention and control as in Article 9 of the AHL, the AHAW Panel concluded that the bacterium does not meet the criteria in Sections 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Categories A, B, C and D; 0–5%, 1–5%, 5–33% and 5–33% probability of meeting the criteria, respectively) and the AHAW Panel was uncertain whether it meets the criteria in Section 5 (Category E, 33–90% probability of meeting the criteria). The animal species to be listed for AMR P. aeruginosa according to Article 8 criteria are mainly dogs and cats.
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29
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Jeyaraj EJ, Nathan S, Lim YY, Choo WS. Antibiofilm properties of Clitoria ternatea flower anthocyanin-rich fraction towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Access Microbiol 2022; 4:000343. [PMID: 35812712 PMCID: PMC9260092 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Asia, Clitoria ternatea flowers are commonly used as a traditional medicinal herb and as a food colourant. Their bioactive compounds have anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activities.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is one of the major pathogens that cause biofilm-associated infections resulting in an increase in antimicrobial resistance. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate if the anti-biofilm properties of the anthocyanin-rich fraction of C. ternatea flowers were effective against
P. aeruginosa
. The effect of the anthocyanin-rich fraction of C. ternatea flowers on
P. aeruginosa
biofilms formed on a polystyrene surface was determined using the crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The anthocyanin-rich fraction reduced biofilm formation by four
P. aeruginosa
strains with a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration value ranging between 0.625 and 5.0 mg ml−1. We further show that the biofilm-inhibiting activity of C. ternatea flowers is not due to the flavonols but is instead attributed to the anthocyanins, which had significant biofilm inhibitory activity (64.0±1.1 %) at 24 h in a time–response study. The anthocyanin-rich fraction also significantly reduced bacterial attachment on the polystyrene by 1.1 log c.f.u. cm−2 surface based on SEM analysis. Hence, anthocyanins from C. ternatea flowers have potential as an agent to decrease the risk of biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel Jeyaseela Jeyaraj
- Tropical Medicine and Biology Platform, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Science, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sheila Nathan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yau Yan Lim
- School of Science, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wee Sim Choo
- School of Science, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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30
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No-Touch Automated Disinfection System Based on Hydrogen Peroxide and Ethyl Alcohol Aerosols for Use in Healthcare Environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084868. [PMID: 35457735 PMCID: PMC9029184 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare-related infections are sustained by various bacteria and fungi. In recent years, various technologies have emerged for the sanitation of healthcare-related environments. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a no-touch disinfection system that aerosolizes 5% hydrogen peroxide and 10% ethyl alcohol. After selecting an environment, the Total Bacterial Count and the Total Fungal Count in the air and on a surface of the room were determined to evaluate the effectiveness of the aerosolization system. In addition, sterile stainless-steel plates inoculated with S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and Aspergillus spp. isolated from hospitalized patients and reference strains were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the system. For each organism, three plates were used: A (cleaned), B (not cleaned), and C (control). The A plates were treated with non-ionic surfactant and the aerosolization system, the B plates were subjected to the aerosolization system, and the plates C were positioned outside the room that was sanitized. Following sanitization, air and surface sampling was conducted, after which, swabs were processed for bacterial and fungal enumeration. The results showed that the air sanitization system had good efficacy for both bacteria and fungi in the air and on stainless-steel plates, particularly for the A plates.
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31
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Brown JL, Townsend E, Short RD, Williams C, Woodall C, Nile CJ, Ramage G. Assessing the inflammatory response to in vitro polymicrobial wound biofilms in a skin epidermis model. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:19. [PMID: 35393409 PMCID: PMC8991182 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wounds can commonly become infected with polymicrobial biofilms containing bacterial and fungal microorganisms. Microbial colonization of the wound can interfere with sufficient healing and repair, leading to high rates of chronicity in certain individuals, which can have a huge socioeconomic burden worldwide. One route for alleviating biofilm formation in chronic wounds is sufficient treatment of the infected area with topical wound washes and ointments. Thus, the primary aim here was to create a complex in vitro biofilm model containing a range of microorganisms commonly isolated from the infected wound milieu. These polymicrobial biofilms were treated with three conventional anti-biofilm wound washes, chlorhexidine (CHX), povidone-iodine (PVP-I), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and efficacy against the microorganisms assessed using live/dead qPCR. All treatments reduced the viability of the biofilms, although H2O2 was found to be the most effective treatment modality. These biofilms were then co-cultured with 3D skin epidermis to assess the inflammatory profile within the tissue. A detailed transcriptional and proteomic profile of the epidermis was gathered following biofilm stimulation. At the transcriptional level, all treatments reduced the expression of inflammatory markers back to baseline (untreated tissue controls). Olink technology revealed a unique proteomic response in the tissue following stimulation with untreated and CHX-treated biofilms. This highlights treatment choice for clinicians could be dictated by how the tissue responds to such biofilm treatment, and not merely how effective the treatment is in killing the biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Brown
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK. .,Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK.
| | - Eleanor Townsend
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.,Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK.,School of Life Sciences, Gibbet Hill Campus, The University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Robert D Short
- Department of Chemistry and Material Science Institute, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Craig Williams
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK.,Microbiology Department, Lancaster Royal Infirmary, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK
| | - Chris Woodall
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK.,Blutest Laboratories, 5 Robroyston Oval, Nova Business Park, Glasgow, G33 1AP, UK
| | - Christopher J Nile
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK.,School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, NE2 4BW, UK
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK. .,Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK.
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Chaggar GK, Nkemngong CA, Li X, Teska PJ, Oliver HF. Hydrogen peroxide, sodium dichloro-s-triazinetriones and quaternary alcohols significantly inactivate the dry-surface biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa more than quaternary ammoniums. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35275049 PMCID: PMC9558353 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Globally, healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are the most frequent adverse outcome in healthcare delivery. Although bacterial biofilms contribute significantly to the incidence of HAI, few studies have investigated the efficacy of common disinfectants against dry-surface biofilms (DSB). The objective of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of seven Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered liquid disinfectants against DSB of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We hypothesized that overall, there will be significant differences among the bactericidal efficacies of tested disinfectants by product type and active ingredient class. We also hypothesized that depending on the species, higher bactericidal efficacies against DSB will be exhibited after 24 h of dehydration compared to 72 h. Wet-surface biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were grown following EPA-MLB-SOP-MB-19 and dehydrated for 24 and 72 h to establish DSB. Seven EPA-registered disinfectants were tested against dehydrated DSB following EPA-MLB-SOP-MB-20. Overall, quaternary ammonium plus alcohol, sodium dichloro-s-triazinetrione and hydrogen peroxide products were more efficacious against DSB than quaternary ammoniums for both tested species. While there was no significant difference in the log10 reductions between 24 and 72 h S. aureus biofilms, significantly higher log10 reductions were observed when products were challenged with 24 h P. aeruginosa DSB compared to 72 h P. aeruginosa DSB. Species type, active ingredient class and dry time significantly impact disinfectant efficacy against DSB of S. aureus or P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet K. Chaggar
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Carine A. Nkemngong
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Diversey Inc., Charlotte, NC 28273, USA
| | | | | | - Haley F. Oliver
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- *Correspondence: Haley F. Oliver,
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Antibiofilm activity of glycolic acid and glyoxal and their diffusion–reaction interactions with biofilm components. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Huang C, Tao S, Yuan J, Li X. Effect of sodium hypochlorite on biofilm of Klebsiella pneumoniae with different drug resistance. Am J Infect Control 2022; 50:922-928. [PMID: 34986390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilm formation is a major factor in the resistance mechanism of Klebsiella pneumoniae. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of sodium hypochlorite on the biofilm of K. pneumoniae with different drug resistance. METHODS We collected 3 different types of K. pneumoniae respectively. The growth trend of biofilms of different drug-resistant K. pneumoniae was quantified by measuring the OD590 for 7 consecutive days using crystal violet staining. Scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to observe biofilm morphology. RESULTS After adding sodium hypochlorite, there were significant differences between the OD590 value of the 200, 500, and 1,000 µg/mL groups and the positive control group (all P < .05) on the fifth day. Concentrations of 2,000 and 5,000 µg/mL sodium hypochlorite were added after the biofilm had matured. In the 5,000 µg/mL sodium hypochlorite group, the OD590 of K. pneumoniae biofilm in the 3 groups decreased significantly compared with the blank control group (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Sodium hypochlorite inhibited and cleared the biofilm of K. pneumoniae with different drug resistance, and the effect was enhanced with the increase of concentration in the range of bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Shaoneng Tao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Jinlong Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, China.
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Mgomi FC, Yuan L, Chen CW, Zhang YS, Yang ZQ. Bacteriophages: A weapon against mixed-species biofilms in the food processing environment. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 133:2107-2121. [PMID: 34932868 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-species biofilms represent the most frequent actual lifestyles of microorganisms in food processing environments, and they are usually more resistant to control methods than single-species biofilms. The persistence of biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens is believed to cause serious human diseases. These challenges have encouraged researchers to search for novel, natural methods that are more effective towards mixed-species biofilms. Recently, the use of bacteriophages to control mixed-species biofilms have grown significantly in the food industry as an alternative to conventional methods. This review highlights a comprehensive introduction of mixed-species biofilms formed by foodborne pathogens and their enhanced resistance to anti-biofilm removal strategies. Additionally, several methods for controlling mixed-species biofilms briefly focused on applying bacteriophages in the food industry have also been discussed. This article concludes by suggesting that using bacteriophage, combined with other 'green' methods, could effectively control mixed-species biofilms in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedrick C Mgomi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Lei Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Cao-Wei Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Yuan-Song Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
| | - Zhen-Quan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, PR China
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Beier RC, Andrews K, Hume ME, Sohail MU, Harvey RB, Poole TL, Crippen TL, Anderson RC. Disinfectant and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Studies of Staphylococcus aureus Strains and ST398-MRSA and ST5-MRSA Strains from Swine Mandibular Lymph Node Tissue, Commercial Pork Sausage Meat and Swine Feces. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112401. [PMID: 34835526 PMCID: PMC8621428 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes gastrointestinal illness worldwide. Disinfectants are used throughout the food chain for pathogenic bacteria control. We investigated S. aureus bioavailability in swine Mandibular lymph node tissue (MLT) and pork sausage meat (PSM), established susceptibility values for S. aureus to disinfectants, and determined the multilocus sequence type of MRSA strains. Antimicrobial and disinfectant susceptibility profiles were determined for 164 S. aureus strains isolated from swine feces (n = 63), MLT (n = 49) and PSM (n = 52). No antimicrobial resistance (AMR) was detected to daptomycin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid, and tigecycline, while high AMR prevalence was determined to erythromycin (50.6%), tylosin tartrate (42.7%), penicillin (72%), and tetracycline (68.9%). Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains, ST398 (n = 6) and ST5 (n = 1), were found in the MLT and PSM, 4 MRSA in MLT and 3 MRSA strains in the PSM. About 17.5% of feces strains and 41.6% of MLT and PSM strains were resistant to chlorhexidine. All strains were susceptible to triclosan and benzalkonium chloride, with no cross-resistance between antimicrobials and disinfectants. Six MRSA strains had elevated susceptibilities to 18 disinfectants. The use of formaldehyde and tris(hydroxylmethyl)nitromethane in DC&R was not effective, which can add chemicals to the environment. Didecyldimethylammonium chloride and benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride were equally effective disinfectants. ST398 and ST5 MRSA strains had elevated susceptibilities to 75% of the disinfectants tested. This study establishes susceptibility values for S. aureus strains from swine feces, mandibular lymph node tissue, and commercial pork sausage against 24 disinfectants. Since it was demonstrated that S. aureus and MRSA strains can be found deep within swine lymph node tissue, it may be beneficial for the consumer if raw swine lymph node tissue is not used in uncooked food products and pork sausage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross C. Beier
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kathleen Andrews
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Michael E. Hume
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Muhammad Umar Sohail
- Proteomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine, Qatar Foundation—Education City, Doha P.O. Box 24144, Qatar;
| | - Roger B. Harvey
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Toni L. Poole
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Tawni L. Crippen
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Robin C. Anderson
- Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA; (K.A.); (M.E.H.); (R.B.H.); (T.L.P.); (T.L.C.); (R.C.A.)
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Wang N, Sarathy JP, Zimmerman M, Kaya F, Wang H, Dartois V, Carter CL. On-Slide Heat Sterilization Enables Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Tissue Infected with High-Threat Pathogens Outside of Biocontainment: A Study Directed at Mycobacterium tuberculosis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2664-2674. [PMID: 34672552 PMCID: PMC8653782 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging investigations of tissues infected with agents that require high-security biocontainment, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, have been limited due to incompatible sterilization techniques. Here we describe an on-slide heat sterilization method that enables mass spectrometry imaging investigations of pharmaceuticals, lipids, and metabolites in infected tissue samples outside of biocontainment. An evaluation of different temperatures and incubation times determined that 100 °C for 1 h was essential to sterilize 5 times the bacterial burden observed in tuberculosis (TB) cavity sections. Laser-capture microdissection combined with liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry quantitation, in addition to mass spectrometry imaging, showed that no degradation was observed following the on-slide heat sterilization protocol for a variety of drug classes covering a range of physicochemical properties. Utilizing the tissue mimetic model, we demonstrated that the detection of lipid and metabolite ions was not impacted by heat sterilization and that, for several metabolites, the on-slide heat sterilization method improved the sensitivity when compared to control samples. An application of the on-slide heat sterilization to M. tuberculosis infected tissue enabled the first detection and spatial distribution of lipids indicative of a lysosomal storage disease phenotype within TB granuloma macrophages, in addition to the differential distribution of metabolites central to the fatty acid oxidation pathway. These initial investigations detected a pronounced heterogeneity within the cellular regions and necrotic cores of individual TB granulomas and across different evolving granulomas. This study provides the framework for mass spectrometry imaging investigations of high-threat pathogens outside of biocontainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack
Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Jansy P. Sarathy
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack
Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Matthew Zimmerman
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack
Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Firat Kaya
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack
Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Han Wang
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack
Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Véronique Dartois
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack
Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
- Department
of Medical Sciences, Hackensack School of
Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Claire L. Carter
- Center
for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack
Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
- Department
of Pathology, Hackensack School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
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Grigorova EV, Nemchenko UM, Voropaeva NM, Belkova NL, Noskova OA, Savilov ED. Effect of Disinfectants with Different Active Ingredients on Biofilm Formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 171:745-749. [PMID: 34705178 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05308-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We compared the effects of disinfectants on biofilms of 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from different loci of patients with purulent-septic infections. Identification was carried out by standard bacteriological methods. To substantiate the prospects of using in hospitals and to assess the effect of disinfectants on P. aeruginosa biofilms, the following disinfectants were used in various concentrations: Sekusept Aktiv, A-DEZ, and Monitor Oxy. All clinical strains of P. aeruginosa showed the ability to form biofilms. Both oxygen-containing and quaternary ammonium compounds effectively inhibited the formation of biofilms. In more than 50% cases, disinfectants with different active ingredients did not destroy pre-formed of P. aeruginosa biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Grigorova
- Research Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - U M Nemchenko
- Research Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - N M Voropaeva
- Research Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - N L Belkova
- Research Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - O A Noskova
- Research Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - E D Savilov
- Research Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
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Gibson JF, Pidwill GR, Carnell OT, Surewaard BGJ, Shamarina D, Sutton JAF, Jeffery C, Derré-Bobillot A, Archambaud C, Siggins MK, Pollitt EJG, Johnston SA, Serror P, Sriskandan S, Renshaw SA, Foster SJ. Commensal bacteria augment Staphylococcus aureus infection by inactivation of phagocyte-derived reactive oxygen species. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009880. [PMID: 34529737 PMCID: PMC8478205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a human commensal organism and opportunist pathogen, causing potentially fatal disease. The presence of non-pathogenic microflora or their components, at the point of infection, dramatically increases S. aureus pathogenicity, a process termed augmentation. Augmentation is associated with macrophage interaction but by a hitherto unknown mechanism. Here, we demonstrate a breadth of cross-kingdom microorganisms can augment S. aureus disease and that pathogenesis of Enterococcus faecalis can also be augmented. Co-administration of augmenting material also forms an efficacious vaccine model for S. aureus. In vitro, augmenting material protects S. aureus directly from reactive oxygen species (ROS), which correlates with in vivo studies where augmentation restores full virulence to the ROS-susceptible, attenuated mutant katA ahpC. At the cellular level, augmentation increases bacterial survival within macrophages via amelioration of ROS, leading to proliferation and escape. We have defined the molecular basis for augmentation that represents an important aspect of the initiation of infection. S. aureus is a commensal inhabitant of the human skin and nares. However, it can cause serious diseases if it is able to breach our protective barriers such as the skin, often via wounds or surgery. If infection occurs via a wound, this initial inoculum contains both the pathogen, other members of the microflora and also wider environmental microbes. We have previously described “augmentation”, whereby this other non-pathogenic material can enhance the ability of S. aureus to lead to a serious disease outcome. Here we have determined the breadth of augmenting material and elucidated the cellular and molecular basis for its activity. Augmentation occurs via shielding of S. aureus from the direct bactericidal effects of reactive oxygen species produced by macrophages. This initial protection enables the effective establishment of S. aureus infection. Understanding augmentation not only explains an important facet of the interaction of S. aureus with our innate immune system, but also provides a platform for the development of novel prophylaxis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie F. Gibson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Grace R. Pidwill
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver T. Carnell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Bas G. J. Surewaard
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daria Shamarina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua A. F. Sutton
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Jeffery
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Cristel Archambaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Matthew K. Siggins
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric J. G. Pollitt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Johnston
- Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Pascale Serror
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Shiranee Sriskandan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen A. Renshaw
- Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- The Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SAR); (SJF)
| | - Simon J. Foster
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Florey Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (SAR); (SJF)
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Falcone M, De Angelis B, Pea F, Scalise A, Stefani S, Tasinato R, Zanetti O, Dalla Paola L. Challenges in the management of chronic wound infections. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 26:140-147. [PMID: 34144200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic wound infections may delay the healing process and are responsible for a significant burden on healthcare systems. Since inappropriate management may commonly occur in the care of these patients, this review aims to provide a practical guide underlining actions to avoid in the management of chronic wound infections. METHODS We performed a systematic review of the literature available in PubMed in the last 10 years, identifying studies regarding the management of patients with chronic wound infections. A panel of experts discussed the potential malpractices in this area. A list of 'Don'ts', including the main actions to be avoided, was drawn up using the 'Choosing Wisely' methodology. RESULTS In this review, we proposed a list of actions to avoid for optimal management of patients with chronic wound infections. Adequate wound bed preparation and wound antisepsis should be combined, as the absence of one of them leads to delayed healing and a higher risk of wound complications. Moreover, avoiding inappropriate use of systemic antibiotics is an important point because of the risk of selection of multidrug-resistant organisms as well as antibiotic-related adverse events. CONCLUSION A multidisciplinary team of experts in different fields (surgeon, infectious disease expert, microbiologist, pharmacologist, geriatrician) is required for the optimal management of chronic wound infections. Implementation of this approach may be useful to improve the management of patients with chronic wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Falcone
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Paradisa 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Barbara De Angelis
- Surgical Science Department, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Pea
- Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, University Hospital IRCCS Policlinico Sant'Orsola Malpighi, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Scalise
- Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefania Stefani
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Biological Tower, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rolando Tasinato
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale 3 Serenissima del Veneto, Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Venice, Italy
| | - Orazio Zanetti
- Alzheimer Unit, IRCCS S. Centro Giovanni di Dio 'Fatebenefratelli', Brescia, Italy
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Brêda Mascarenhas LA, Machado BAS, Rodrigues LDAP, Saraiva Hodel KV, Bandeira Santos AÁ, Freitas Neves PR, da Silva Andrade LPC, Soares MB, de Andrade JB, Badaró R. Potential application of novel technology developed for instant decontamination of personal protective equipment before the doffing step. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250854. [PMID: 34086691 PMCID: PMC8177472 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) has been considered the most effective way to avoid the contamination of healthcare workers by different microorganisms, including SARS-CoV-2. A spray disinfection technology (chamber) was developed, and its efficacy in instant decontamination of previously contaminated surfaces was evaluated in two exposure times. Seven test microorganisms were prepared and inoculated on the surface of seven types of PPE (respirator mask, face shield, shoe, glove, cap, safety glasses and lab coat). The tests were performed on previously contaminated PPE using a manikin with a motion device for exposure to the chamber with biocidal agent (sodium hypochlorite) for 10 and 30s. In 96.93% of the experimental conditions analyzed, the percentage reduction was >99% (the number of viable cells found on the surface ranged from 4.3x106 to <10 CFU/mL). The samples of E. faecalis collected from the glove showed the lowest percentages reduction, with 86.000 and 86.500% for exposure times of 10 and 30 s, respectively. The log10 reduction values varied between 0.85 log10 (E. faecalis at 30 s in glove surface) and 9.69 log10 (E. coli at 10 and 30 s in lab coat surface). In general, E. coli, S. aureus, C. freundii, P. mirabilis, C. albicans and C. parapsilosis showed susceptibility to the biocidal agent under the tested conditions, with >99% reduction after 10 and 30s, while E. faecalis and P. aeruginosa showed a lower susceptibility. The 30s exposure time was more effective for the inactivation of the tested microorganisms. The results show that the spray disinfection technology has the potential for instant decontamination of PPE, which can contribute to an additional barrier for infection control of healthcare workers in the hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Alberto Brêda Mascarenhas
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Computational Modeling and Industrial Technology, University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leticia de Alencar Pereira Rodrigues
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Katharine Valéria Saraiva Hodel
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alex Álisson Bandeira Santos
- SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Computational Modeling and Industrial Technology, University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Freitas Neves
- SENAI CIMATEC, National Service of Industrial Learning–SENAI, Computational Modeling and Industrial Technology, University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Leone Peter Correia da Silva Andrade
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Soares
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Roberto Badaró
- SENAI CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Vashisht D, Sangar S, Kaur M, Sharma E, Vashisht A, Ibhadon AO, Sharma S, Mehta SK, Singh K. Biosynthesis of silver nanospheres, kinetic profiling and their application in the optical sensing of mercury and chlorite ions in aqueous solutions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111142. [PMID: 33865822 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of water linked to microbial decontamination and extensive use of sodium chlorite (NaClO2) as a disinfectant, especially in the face of the current COVID-19 situation, is a serious water pollution issue that needs to be addressed. In this context, an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method has been developed for the biomimetic synthesis of Ag nanospheres (Ag NSs) using aqueous extract of Piper nigrum for the detection of chlorite (ClO2-) and mercury (Hg2+) ions. The strong antioxidant properties of the biomolecules present in the Piper nigrum extract reduce silver ions (Ag+) to Ag0. After optimization of the formulation parameters, it was observed that 1 mL of piper nigrum extract was sufficient to reduce and stabilize 100 mL of 1.5 mM of Ag+ in 2.5 h at 30 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of Ag NSs revealed their crystalline nature and the characteristic Bragg's diffraction peaks confirmed their face cubic crystal (FCC) lattice. The characteristic reddish-brown color and absorption surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 435 nm confirmed the successful fabrication of Ag NSs. Kinetic analysis revealed a three-phase growth pattern involving nucleation, growth and stabilization. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) micrograms, showed spherical NSs with narrow polydispersity with particle size ranging from 10 to 30 nm. The synthesized NSs were exposed to various metal ions and anions. The absorption intensity of Ag NSs quenched in the presence of mercury ions (Hg2+) among the cations and Chlorite ions (ClO2-) among the anions. The limit of detection (LOD) of 7.47 μM and 1.11 μM was evaluated from the calibration curve for Hg2+ and ClO2-, respectively. Based on these promising results, it is suggested that the method reported is a low-cost and one step biogenic protocol for the synthesis of Ag NSs and their employment for the detection of Hg2+ and ClO2-ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Vashisht
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Sugandha Sangar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, 174103, India
| | - Manpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Ekta Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, 174103, India
| | - Aseem Vashisht
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - A O Ibhadon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - S K Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kulvinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Maharaja Agrasen University, Baddi, 174103, India.
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Jones IA, Joshi LT. Biocide Use in the Antimicrobial Era: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082276. [PMID: 33919993 PMCID: PMC8071000 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocides are widely used in healthcare and industry to control infections and microbial contamination. Ineffectual disinfection of surfaces and inappropriate use of biocides can result in the survival of microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses on inanimate surfaces, often contributing to the transmission of infectious agents. Biocidal disinfectants employ varying modes of action to kill microorganisms, ranging from oxidization to solubilizing lipids. This review considers the main biocides used within healthcare and industry environments and highlights their modes of action, efficacy and relevance to disinfection of pathogenic bacteria. This information is vital for rational use and development of biocides in an era where microorganisms are becoming resistant to chemical antimicrobial agents.
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Zlotnicki J, Gabrielli A, Urish KL, Brothers KM. Clinical Evidence of Current Irrigation Practices and the Use of Oral Antibiotics to Prevent and Treat Periprosthetic Joint Infection. Orthop Clin North Am 2021; 52:93-101. [PMID: 33752842 PMCID: PMC7990073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Zlotnicki
- Arthritis and Arthroplasty Design Group, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexandra Gabrielli
- Arthritis and Arthroplasty Design Group, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Urish
- Arthritis and Arthroplasty Design Group, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Brothers
- Arthritis and Arthroplasty Design Group, Department of
Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania, USA,Corresponding Author: Kimberly M.
Brothers, PhD, Arthritis and Arthroplasty Design Group, University of
Pittsburgh Medical School, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of
Pittsburgh; Bridgeside Point II, 450 Technology Dr. Pittsburgh, PA, 15219;
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Aranke M, Moheimani R, Phuphanich M, Kaye AD, Ngo AL, Viswanath O, Herman J. Disinfectants In Interventional Practices. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2021; 25:21. [PMID: 33693989 PMCID: PMC7946573 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-021-00938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to provide relevant, aggregate information about a variety of disinfectants and antiseptics, along with potential utility and limitations. While not exhaustive, this review's goal is to add to the body of literature available on this topic and give interventional providers and practitioners an additional resource to consider when performing procedures. RECENT FINDINGS In the current SARS-CoV2 epidemiological environment, infection control and costs associated with healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are of paramount importance. Even before the onset of SARS-CoV2, HAIs affected nearly 2million patients a year in the USA and resulted in nearly 90,000 deaths, all of which resulted in a cost to hospitals ranging from US$28 billion to 45 billion. The onset SARS-CoV2, though not spread by an airborne route, has heightened infection control protocols in hospitals and, as such, cast a renewed focus on disinfectants and their utility across different settings and organisms. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of disinfectants used in the inpatient setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Aranke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roya Moheimani
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Phuphanich
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan D Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Anh L Ngo
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Pain Specialty Group, Newington, NH, USA
| | - Omar Viswanath
- Department of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Valley Pain Consultants, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jared Herman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Alton Road Miami Beach, FL, 4300, USA.
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Abdel-Latef GK, Mohammed AN. Efficiency evaluation of some novel disinfectants and anti-bacterial nanocomposite on zoonotic bacterial pathogens in commercial Mallard duck pens for efficient control. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2021; 8:105-115. [PMID: 33860020 PMCID: PMC8043352 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2021.h492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work aimed to detect the frequency of pathogenic bacteria of zoonotic importance in ducks' dropping, their surrounding environment, and farmworkers in contact with them. Furthermore, the susceptibility pattern of isolated bacteria to antimicrobial drugs and the efficiency of disinfectants (CID 20, Durak® plus, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), nano zinc oxide (ZnO NPs), and hydrogen peroxide loaded nano zinc oxide (H2O2/ZnO NPs) composites against isolated bacteria were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 271 samples were collected from duck pens, including 35 fecal droppings, 200 environmental samples, and 36 from the hands of pen workers for isolation and identification of bacterial strains using standard microbiological procedures. After that, the antibiotic sensitivity testing of 40 bacterial isolates was carried out using disk diffusion assay. ZnO NPs and H2O2/ZnO NPs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectrum and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The efficacy of disinfectants and nanocomposites was evaluated against enteropathogenic bacteria using the broth macro-dilution method. RESULTS The results showed that the overall prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in duck pens was 62.73. The highest isolation rate was detected in duck fecal droppings (100%), while Escherichia coli was found to be the most isolated pathogen (56.47%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.8%), Proteus mirabilis (15.29), and Salmonella species (6.47%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was detected in the majority of bacterial isolates. The efficiency of CID 20 and Durak® plus disinfectants against all bacterial isolates was highly susceptible (100%) after 120 min of exposure time compared to the effectiveness of H2O2 on enteropathogenic bacteria which did not exceeded 60% at 5% concentration. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of Salmonella spp. to Durak® plus did not exceeded 80%. CONCLUSION The duck fecal droppings are the primary source of bacterial isolates. MDR isolates were susceptible to both CID 20 and Durak® plus disinfectants after 120 min of exposure time at a concentration of 1:100 ml. Besides, H2O2/ZnO NPs composite proved its lethal effect against all testing strains at 0.02 mg/ml after 120 min of exposure. Strict biosecurity guidelines are required to mitigate and prevent the transmission of potentially zoonotic pathogens through the farm environment and/or duck droppings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihan K. Abdel-Latef
- Department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Asmaa N. Mohammed
- Department of Hygiene, Zoonoses and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Dadi NCT, Dohál M, Medvecká V, Bujdák J, Koči K, Zahoranová A, Bujdáková H. Physico-Chemical Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties of Hybrid Film Based on Saponite and Phloxine B. Molecules 2021; 26:E325. [PMID: 33435210 PMCID: PMC7827291 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was aimed at the preparation of a hybrid film based on a layered silicate saponite (Sap) with the immobilized photosensitizer phloxine B (PhB). Sap was selected because of its high cation exchange capacity, ability to exfoliate into nanolayers, and to modify different surfaces. The X-ray diffraction of the films confirmed the intercalation of both the surfactant and PhB molecules in the Sap film. The photosensitizer retained its photoactivity in the hybrid films, as shown by fluorescence spectra measurements. The water contact angles and the measurement of surface free energy demonstrated the hydrophilic nature of the hybrid films. Antimicrobial effectiveness, assessed by the photodynamic inactivation on hybrid films, was tested against a standard strain and against methicillin-resistant bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). One group of samples was irradiated (green LED light; 2.5 h) and compared to nonirradiated ones. S. aureus strains manifested a reduction in growth from 1-log10 to over 3-log10 compared to the control samples with Sap only, and defects in S. aureus cells were proven by scanning electron microscopy. The results proved the optimal photo-physical properties and anti-MRSA potential of this newly designed hybrid system that reflects recent progress in the modification of surfaces for various medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Chandra teja Dadi
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.C.t.D.); (M.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Matúš Dohál
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.C.t.D.); (M.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Veronika Medvecká
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Juraj Bujdák
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of SAS, 845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kamila Koči
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.C.t.D.); (M.D.); (K.K.)
| | - Anna Zahoranová
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 48 Bratislava, Slovakia; (V.M.); (A.Z.)
| | - Helena Bujdáková
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (N.C.t.D.); (M.D.); (K.K.)
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Mane MB, Bhandari VM, Balapure K, Ranade VV. Destroying antimicrobial resistant bacteria (AMR) and difficult, opportunistic pathogen using cavitation and natural oils/plant extract. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 69:105272. [PMID: 32739732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study reports, for the first time, a new and techno-economic strategy for effective removal of antimicrobial resistant bacteria (AMR) and difficult, opportunistic pathogen using cavitation and natural oils/plant extract. A hybrid methodology using natural oils of known health benefits has been discussed in combination with conventional physico-chemical method of hydrodynamic cavitation that not only provides efficient and effective water disinfection, but also eliminates harmful effects of conventional methods such as formation of disinfection by-products apart from reducing cost of treatment. A proof-of concept is demonstrated by achieving exceptionally high rates for practically complete removal of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) and relatively less researched, gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gram-positive methicillin resistant, Staphylococcus aureus using a natural oil-Peppermint oil and two different cavitating reactors employing vortex flow (vortex diode) and linear flow (orifice) for hydrodynamic cavitation. >99% disinfection could be obtained, typically in less than 10 min, using vortex diode with operating pressure drop of 1 bar and low dose of 0.1% peppermint oil as an additive, depicting very high rates of disinfection. The rate of disinfection can be further increased by using simple aeration which can result in significant lowering of oil dose. The conventional device, orifice requires relatively higher pressure drop of 2 bar and comparatively more time (~20 min) for disinfection. The cost of the disinfection was also found to be significantly lower compared to most conventional processes indicating techno-economic feasibility in employing the developed hybrid method of disinfection for effectively eliminating bacteria including AMR bacteria from water. The developed approach not only highlights importance of going back to nature for not just conventional water disinfection, but also for eliminating hazardous AMR bacteria and may also find utility in many other applications for the removal of antimicrobial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya B Mane
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL Pune, India
| | - Vinay M Bhandari
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-NCL Pune, India.
| | - Kshama Balapure
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Vivek V Ranade
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
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Röhner E, Jacob B, Böhle S, Rohe S, Löffler B, Matziolis G, Zippelius T. Sodium hypochlorite is more effective than chlorhexidine for eradication of bacterial biofilm of staphylococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:3912-3918. [PMID: 32034427 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-020-05887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Periprosthetic infection is a common reason for surgical revision. Given the increasing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics (e.g., VRE, 4-MRGN) local antiseptic treatment is gaining in importance. However, no standard guideline-based treatment recommendation is yet available. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against bacterial biofilms. Furthermore, the toxicity of both antiseptics towards human chondrocytes was examined. METHODS Human chondrocytes were isolated, cultivated and treated with sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. The viability of cultures was assessed by determination of cell count, XTT and MTT ELISAs, and fluorescent staining with propidium iodide. Bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were added to liquid media and incubated overnight. After determination of bacterial concentrations polyethylene (PE) devices were inoculated with bacteria for 48 h until biofilms formed. The devices were then washed, treated with antiseptics for 2 and 5 min and subsequently spread on agar plates. RESULTS Sodium hypochlorite is more effective than chlorhexidine in penetrating biofilms of S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa. Both antiseptics are chondrotoxic, but sodium hypochlorite damages human chondrocytes less than chlorhexidine in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The findings confirm the effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine against bacterial biofilms. Both antiseptics can be recommended for the treatment of periprosthetic infections. The toxic effects of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine towards chondrocytes may mean there is a risk of damage to cartilage tissue. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Controlled experimental study.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Röhner
- Orthopaedic Department of the Waldkliniken Eisenberg, Orthopaedic Professorship of the University Hospital Jena, Campus Eisenberg, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany.
| | - B Jacob
- Orthopaedic Department of the Waldkliniken Eisenberg, Orthopaedic Professorship of the University Hospital Jena, Campus Eisenberg, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - S Böhle
- Orthopaedic Department of the Waldkliniken Eisenberg, Orthopaedic Professorship of the University Hospital Jena, Campus Eisenberg, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - S Rohe
- Orthopaedic Department of the Waldkliniken Eisenberg, Orthopaedic Professorship of the University Hospital Jena, Campus Eisenberg, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - B Löffler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - G Matziolis
- Orthopaedic Department of the Waldkliniken Eisenberg, Orthopaedic Professorship of the University Hospital Jena, Campus Eisenberg, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
| | - T Zippelius
- Orthopaedic Department of the Waldkliniken Eisenberg, Orthopaedic Professorship of the University Hospital Jena, Campus Eisenberg, Klosterlausnitzer Straße 81, 07607, Eisenberg, Germany
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