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Tan Z, Chen Y, Wen C, Zhou Y. Dietary supplementation with a silicate clay mineral (palygorskite) alleviates inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier damage in broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104017. [PMID: 39043023 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment aimed to explore the protective effects of dietary palygorskite (Pal) supplementation on inflammatory responses and intestinal barrier function of broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli (E. coli). A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was designed to assess the effects of Pal administration (0 or 5 g/kg of feed) and E. coli challenge (E. coli or bacterial culture medium) on broilers in a 21-d feeding trial. Birds were randomly assigned into one of the 4 groups, and each group had 8 replicates with ten birds each. The challenged chickens were orally gavaged with E. coli suspended in Luria-Bertani broth on 14 d of age, while unchallenged birds were administrated with an equivalent amount of culture medium. The sampling was performed at 21 d of age. Compared with the normal birds, an oral E. coli challenge reduced final body weight, and decreased feed intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency during the challenge period (P < 0.05). E. coli challenge promoted colonization of E. coli in cecal content and their translocation to internal organs (heart, liver, and spleen) (P < 0.05). E. coli infection also increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in jejunum and ileum possibly through activating the toll-like receptor-4-mediated signaling pathway (P < 0.05). Moreover, E. coli administration increased intestinal mucosal permeability (higher serum D-lactate level and diamine oxidase activity, and lower intestinal mucosal disaccharidase activities), altered intestinal morphology, and downregulated the gene expression of intestinal tight junction proteins (P < 0.05). In contrast, Pal supplementation enhanced growth performance, inhibited colonization of E. coli, reduced intestinal inflammation, decreased intestinal permeability, restored intestinal morphology, and normalized the expression of genes responsible for inflammatory processes and maintenance of intestinal mucosal barrier (P < 0.05), and most of these beneficial effects resulting from Pal administration were independent of bacterial challenge. The results indicated dietary Pal incorporation was effective in improving growth performance and alleviating inflammation and intestinal mucosal barrier damage in broilers challenged with E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Ferreres-Serafini L, Martín-Orúe SM, Sadurní M, Jiménez J, Moreno-Muñoz JA, Castillejos L. Supplementing infant milk formula with a multi-strain synbiotic and osteopontin enhances colonic microbial colonization and modifies jejunal gene expression in lactating piglets. Food Funct 2024; 15:6536-6552. [PMID: 38807503 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00489b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
A total of ninety-six weaned piglets were assigned to four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 design. The treatments included: a standard milk formula (CTR); CTR + probiotics (6.4 × 108 cfu L-1Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 and 1.1 × 108 cfu L-1Lactobacillus rhamnosus NH001) + prebiotics (galacto-oligosaccharides 4.36 g L-1 and human-milk-oligosaccharide 0.54 g L-1) (SYN); CTR + osteopontin (0.43 g L-1) (OPN); and CTR + SYN + OPN (CON). Daily records including feed intake, body weight, and clinical signs, were maintained throughout the 15-day trial. At the end of the study samples from blood, digestive content, and gut tissues were collected to determine serum TNF-α, intestinal fermentative activity (SCFA and ammonia), colonic microbiota (16S rRNA Illumina-MiSeq), histomorphology, and jejunal gene expression (Open-Array). No statistical differences were found in weight gain; however, the animals supplemented with osteopontin exhibited higher feed intake. In terms of clinical signs, synbiotic supplementation led to a shorter duration of diarrhoea episodes. Regarding gut health, the sequenced faecal microbiota revealed better control of potentially dysbiotic bacteria with the CON diet at day 15. In the colon compartment, a significant increase in SCFA concentration, a decrease in ammonia concentration, and a significant decrease in intraepithelial lymphocyte counts were particularly observed in CON animals. The supplemented diets were also associated with modified jejunal gene expression. The synbiotic combination was characterized by the upregulation of genes related to intestinal maturation (ALPI, SI) and nutrient transport (SLC13A1, SLC15A1, SLC5A1, SLC7A8), and the downregulation of genes related to the response to pathogens (GBP1, IDO, TLR4) or the inflammatory response (IDO, IL-1β, TGF-β1). Osteopontin promoted the upregulation of a digestive function gene (GCG). Correlational analysis between the microbiota population and various intestinal environmental factors (SCFA concentration, histology, and gene expression) proposes mechanisms of communication between the gut microbiota and the host. In summary, these results suggest an improvement in the colonic colonization process and a better modulation of the immune response when milk formula is supplemented with the tested synbiotic combined with osteopontin, benefiting from a synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Ferreres-Serafini
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Susana Mª Martín-Orúe
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Meritxell Sadurní
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Jesús Jiménez
- Laboratorios Ordesa S.L., Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Moreno-Muñoz
- Laboratorios Ordesa S.L., Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lorena Castillejos
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Department of Animal and Food Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Boston TE, Wang F, Lin X, Kim SW, Fellner V, Scott MF, Ziegler AL, Van Landeghem L, Blikslager AT, Odle J. Prebiotic galactooligosaccharide improves piglet growth performance and intestinal health associated with alterations of the hindgut microbiota during the peri-weaning period. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:88. [PMID: 38867260 PMCID: PMC11170840 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01047-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weaning stress reduces growth performance and health of young pigs due in part to an abrupt change in diets from highly digestible milk to fibrous plant-based feedstuffs. This study investigated whether dietary galactooligosaccharide (GOS), supplemented both pre- and post-weaning, could improve growth performance and intestinal health via alterations in the hindgut microbial community. METHODS Using a 3 × 2 factorial design, during farrowing 288 piglets from 24 litters received either no creep feed (FC), creep without GOS (FG-) or creep with 5% GOS (FG+) followed by a phase 1 nursery diet without (NG-) or with 3.8% GOS (NG+). Pigs were sampled pre- (D22) and post-weaning (D31) to assess intestinal measures. RESULTS Creep fed pigs grew 19% faster than controls (P < 0.01) prior to weaning, and by the end of the nursery phase (D58), pigs fed GOS pre-farrowing (FG+) were 1.85 kg heavier than controls (P < 0.05). Furthermore, pigs fed GOS in phase 1 of the nursery grew 34% faster (P < 0.04), with greater feed intake and efficiency. Cecal microbial communities clustered distinctly in pre- vs. post-weaned pigs, based on principal coordinate analysis (P < 0.01). No effects of GOS were detected pre-weaning, but gruel creep feeding increased Chao1 α-diversity and altered several genera in the cecal microbiota (P < 0.05). Post-weaning, GOS supplementation increased some genera such as Fusicatenibacter and Collinsella, whereas others decreased such as Campylobacter and Frisingicoccus (P < 0.05). Changes were accompanied by higher molar proportions of butyrate in the cecum of GOS-fed pigs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Gruel creep feeding effectively improves suckling pig growth regardless of GOS treatment. When supplemented post-weaning, prebiotic GOS improves piglet growth performance associated with changes in hindgut microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Boston
- Department of Animal Science, College of Ag and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Ag and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Ag and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, College of Ag and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Vivek Fellner
- Department of Animal Science, College of Ag and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Mark F Scott
- Milk Specialties Global, Eden Prairie, MN, 55344, USA
| | - Amanda L Ziegler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Laurianne Van Landeghem
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Anthony T Blikslager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jack Odle
- Department of Animal Science, College of Ag and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Gilbert MS, Cai Y, Folkerts G, Braber S, Gerrits WJJ. Effects of nondigestible oligosaccharides on inflammation, lung health, and performance of calves. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:2900-2915. [PMID: 38101737 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine the effects of nondigestible oligosaccharides (NDO) on lung health and performance. Three hundred male Holstein-Friesian calves aged 18.0 ± 3.6 d received 1 of 6 treatments for 8.5 wk (period 1). Treatments included a negative control (CON), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) administered as a spray via the nose once daily (SPR), GOS administered via the milk replacer (MR) at 1% (GOS-L) and 2% (GOS-H), fructo-oligosaccharides administered via the MR at 0.25% (FOS) and a combination of GOS and fructo-oligosaccharides administered via the MR at 1% and 0.25%, respectively (GOS-FOS). Milk replacer was fed twice daily. Feeding levels were equal between calves and increased progressively in time. Body weight was measured every 4 wk and clinical health was scored weekly. Blood and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected bi-weekly from a subset of calves (n = 120). After period 1, all calves received the same control MR for 18 wk until slaughter (period 2), during which general performance and clinical health were measured. Generally, infection pressure was high, with clinical scores and BALF proinflammatory TNFα concentrations increasing with time in period 1, which resulted in a high number of required group antimicrobial treatments (6 group antimicrobial treatments in 13 wk, supplied to all calves). Average daily gain adjusted to equal solid feed intake was increased for GOS-L (+61 g/d) compared with CON calves from experimental wk 1 to 5. Plasma white blood cell concentration tended to be lowered by GOS-L, plasma IL-8 concentration was reduced by all orally supplemented NDO, plasma IL-6 was reduced by all NDO treatments except GOS-FOS and plasma IL-1β was reduced by all NDO treatments compared with CON, although this differed per time point for SPR. The neutrophil percentage in BALF was reduced by GOS-L in wk 6, which was associated with a relative increase in macrophages. The BALF concentration of TNFα and IL-8 was reduced or tended to be reduced by GOS-L and GOS-H, while IL-6 was or tended to be reduced by SPR, GOS-L, GOS-H, and GOS-FOS, and IL-1β was reduced by SPR, GOS-L, GOS-H, and FOS. Generally, feeding the combination of GOS and FOS was not more effective than feeding GOS or FOS alone, because feeding GOS-FOS resulted in higher concentrations of plasma and BALF cytokine and chemokine concentrations compared with feeding GOS-L alone, and resulted in higher plasma cytokine concentrations compared with feeding FOS alone. None of the BALF and plasma cytokine or chemokine concentrations differed between the GOS-L and GOS-H treatment. Performance and clinical scores in period 2 did not differ among treatments. Altogether, all tested NDO reduced systemic and lung inflammation in calves under high natural infection pressure and for GOS-fed calves, this increased performance during the first 4 wk. Combining GOS and FOS did not have a synergistic effect. The intranasal administration of GOS also lowered systemic and lung inflammation, but tended to negatively affect performance. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of NDO to alleviate systemic and respiratory inflammation in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Gilbert
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Y Cai
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - G Folkerts
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S Braber
- Faculty of Science, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, 3508 TB, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W J J Gerrits
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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MacLaren LA, Wang J, Borzouie S, Rathgeber BM. Changes in Tight Junction Protein Expression Levels but Not Distribution in Commercial White and Brown Laying Hens Supplemented with Chondrus crispus or Ascophyllum nodosum Seaweed. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:777. [PMID: 38473162 DOI: 10.3390/ani14050777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
It is proposed that prebiotic diet supplements improve intestinal function, in part by improving the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium with an associated increase in the expression of tight junction proteins, including occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). We examined the expression of these proteins in two strains of laying hens (Lohman LSL-lite (White) and Lohman Brown-lite (Brown)) who were supplemented or not with 3% Chondrus crispus or 0.5% Ascophyllum nodosum seaweeds from 31 to 72 weeks of age. Occludin was localized to the lateral surfaces and across the intestinal epithelium in all animals. Reactivity for ZO-1 was concentrated at the apicolateral epithelial cell membrane border. Mood's median test indicated that White hens may express more occludin in villus epithelium (median intensity 3.5 vs. 2.5 in Brown hens, p = 0.06) but less ZO-1 in the deep cryptal epithelium (median intensity 1.5 vs. 2.5 in Brown hens, p = 0.06). Western blotting also showed higher levels of occludin in White than Brown hens (p < 0.05). A decrease in ZO-1 Western blot expression was associated with Chondrus crispus supplementation in comparison to controls (p < 0.05), but not with Ascophyllum nodosum supplementation (p > 0.05). In conclusion, genetic strain and dietary seaweed supplements affect tight junction regulatory protein expression levels but do not impact the anatomical distribution, as seen in cryosections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A MacLaren
- Department of Animal Science & Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Animal Science & Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Shima Borzouie
- Department of Animal Science & Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Bruce M Rathgeber
- Department of Animal Science & Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
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Wang J, Bao C, Cao H, Huang F, Liu Y, Cao Y. Multi-copy expression of a protease-resistant xylanase with high xylan degradation ability and its application in broilers fed wheat-based diets. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128633. [PMID: 38070812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The acidic thermostable xylanase (AT-xynA) has great potential in the feed industry, but its low activity is not conductive to large-scale production, and its application in poultry diets still needs to be further evaluated. In Experiment1, AT-xynA activity increased 3.10 times by constructing multi-copy strains, and the highest activity reached 10,018.29 ± 91.18 U/mL. AT-xynA showed protease resistance, high specificity for xylan substrates, xylobiose and xylotriose were the main hydrolysates. In Experiment2, 192 broilers were assigned into 3 treatments including a wheat-based diet, and the diets supplemented with AT-xynA during the entire period (XY-42) or exclusively during the early stage (XY-21). AT-xynA improved growth performance, while the performance of XY-21 and XY-42 was identical. To further clarify the mechanism underlying the particular effectiveness of AT-xynA during the early stage, 128 broilers were allotted into 2 treatments including a wheat-based diet and the diet supplemented with AT-xynA for 42 d in Experiment3. AT-xynA improved intestinal digestive function and microbiota composition, the benefits were stronger in younger broilers than older ones. Overall, the activity of AT-xynA exhibiting protease resistance and high xylan degradation ability increased by constructing multi-copy strains, and AT-xynA was particularly effective in improving broiler performance during the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China; Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengling Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Wu Y, Zhang X, Liu X, Li Y, Han D, Pi Y, Whitmore MA, Lu X, Zhang G, Zheng J, Wang J. Strain specificity of lactobacilli with promoted colonization by galactooligosaccharides administration in protecting intestinal barriers during Salmonella infection. J Adv Res 2024; 56:1-14. [PMID: 36894120 PMCID: PMC10834803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are lactogenic prebiotics that exert health benefits by stimulating the growth of different Lactobacillus strains in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of different GOS-enriched lactobacilli in intestinal health. METHODS Piglets and mice were supplemented with GOS to identify specific enrichment of Lactobacillus. The protective effects of individual GOS-enriched lactobacilli were investigated in Salmonella-infected mice. Macrophage depletion and transcriptome analysis were further performed to assess the involvement of macrophages and the underlying mechanisms of individual lactobacilli. An in vitro cell co-culture system was also used to evaluate the anti-adhesive and anti-invasive activities of lactobacilli against Salmonella in epithelial cells. RESULTS GOS markedly increased the relative abundance of three lactobacilli including L. delbrueckii, L. johnsonii, and L. reuteri in both piglets and mice. Supplementation with GOS further alleviated Salmonella infection in mice. L. delbrueckii (ATCC®BAA 365™), but not L. johnsonii or L. reuteri, enhanced propionate production in the intestinal tract and ameliorated Salmonella-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction by suppressing the JAK2-STAT3 signaling and M1 macrophage polarization. L. johnsonii (BNCC 186110), on the other hand, inhibited Salmonella adhesion and invasion of epithelial cells through competitive exclusion. However, L. reuteri (BNCC 186135) failed to protect mice against Salmonella infection. CONCLUSION GOS-enriched lactobacilli show a differential role in protecting against Salmonella-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and inflammation. Our results provide novel insights into the mechanism of action of GOS and individual Lactobacillus strains in the control and prevention of intestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Melanie A Whitmore
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Xingmiao Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Jinkai Zheng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Tian S, Wang J, Gao R, Zhao F, Wang J, Zhu W. Galacto-Oligosaccharides Alleviate LPS-Induced Immune Imbalance in Small Intestine through Regulating Gut Microbe Composition and Bile Acid Pool. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:17615-17626. [PMID: 37947505 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the protective effect of gut microbiota on intestinal inflammation can be achieved through a microbe-bile acids (BAs) mechanism. Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are a kind of prebiotic that alter gut microbiota composition. To verify whether GOS has a protective effect on intestinal inflammation through a microbe-BAs mechanism, this research was performed in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) porcine model with the presence or absence of GOS. GOS prevented LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, the decrease of bacterial bile salt hydrolase-containing bacteria abundance, and the decrease of chendoxycholic acid (CDCA) level in piglets. Additionally, CDCA decreased LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, induced the expression of the takeda G-protein receptor 5 (TGR5), and its downstream cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production in lamina propria-derived CD11b+ cells. The cAMP inhibitor eliminated the protective effect of CDCA on lamina propria-derived CD11b+ cells. These results suggested that GOS reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited NF-κB activation via microbe-BA-dependent TGR5-cAMP signaling in LPS-challenged piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Tian
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, Jiangxi, P. R. China
| | - Jue Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Ren Gao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Fangzhou Zhao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
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Zou Y, Yan H, Li C, Wen F, Jize X, Zhang C, Liu S, Zhao Y, Fu Y, Li L, Liu F, Chen J, Li R, Chen X, Tian M. A Pectic Polysaccharide from Codonopsis pilosula Alleviates Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress of Aging Mice via Modulating Intestinal Microbiota-Related Gut-Liver Axis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1781. [PMID: 37760084 PMCID: PMC10525188 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological process that leads to the progressive deterioration and loss of physiological functions in the human body and results in an increase in morbidity and mortality, and aging-related disease is a major global problem that poses a serious threat to public health. Polysaccharides have been shown to delay aging by reducing oxidative damage, suppressing inflammatory responses, and modulating intestinal microbiota. Our previous studies have shown that polysaccharide CPP-1 extracted from the root of Codonopsis pilosula possesses noticeable anti-oxidant activity in vitro. Thus, in our study, we tested the anti-aging effect of CPP-1 in naturally aging mice (in vivo). Eighteen C57/BL mice (48-week-old, male) were divided into a control group, high-dose CPP-1 group (20 mg/mL), and low-dose CPP-1 group (10 mg/mL). We discovered that CPP-1 can exert a reparative effect on aging stress in the intestine and liver, including alleviating inflammation and oxidative damage. We revealed that CPP-1 supplementation improved the intestinal microbiota composition and repaired the intestinal barrier in the gut. Furthermore, CPP-1 was proved to modulate lipid metabolism and repair hepatocyte injury in the liver by influencing the enterohepatic axis associated with the intestinal microbiota. Therefore, we concluded that CPP-1 prevents and alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the intestine and liver of aging mice by modulating the intestinal microbiota-related gut-liver axis to delay aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (L.L.)
| | - Hong Yan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (L.L.)
| | - Cenyu Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (L.L.)
| | - Fang Wen
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (L.L.)
| | - Xiaoping Jize
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (L.L.)
| | - Chaowen Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (L.L.)
| | - Siqi Liu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (L.L.)
| | - Yuzhe Zhao
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (L.L.)
| | - Yuping Fu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (L.L.)
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China (L.L.)
| | - Fan Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.)
| | - Ji Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.)
| | - Rui Li
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.)
| | - Xingfu Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.)
| | - Mengliang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.)
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Galacto-Oligosaccharides Increase the Abundance of Beneficial Probiotic Bacteria and Improve Gut Architecture and Goblet Cell Expression in Poorly Performing Piglets, but Not Performance. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020230. [PMID: 36670770 PMCID: PMC9854465 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Poorly performing piglets receiving commercial milk replacers do not benefit from the naturally occurring probiotic galacto-oligosaccharides otherwise found in sow milk. Study objectives were to investigate the effects of complete milk replacer supplemented with galacto-oligosaccharides on the microbiome, gut architecture and immunomodulatory goblet cell expression of poorly performing piglets that could benefit from milk replacement feeding when separated from sows and housed with fit siblings in environmentally controlled pens. The study is novel in that it is one of the first to investigate the effects of supplementing complete milk replacer with galacto-oligosaccharides in poorly performing piglets. Gastrointestinal tract samples were collected from piglets, and the microbiome composition was assessed by 16s ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing. Gut architectural features, villus/crypt ratio and enumeration of goblet cells in tissues were assessed by histopathological techniques. The most abundant taxa identified at the genus level were Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Prevotella, Lactococcus and Leuconostoc. Milk replacer plus galacto-oligosaccharides significantly improved gut architectural features and villus/crypt ratio throughout the gastrointestinal tract, increased the number of goblet cells and revealed a differential abundance of beneficial probiotic bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. In these respects, galacto-oligosaccharide-supplemented milk replacer may be a useful addition to animal husbandry in poorly performing, non-thriving animals when moved to environmentally controlled pens away from sows and fit siblings, thereby modulating the microbiome and gastrointestinal tract performance.
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11
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Mavrogeni ME, Asadpoor M, Henricks PAJ, Keshavarzian A, Folkerts G, Braber S. Direct Action of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides against a Leaky Gut. Nutrients 2022; 14:4699. [PMID: 36364961 PMCID: PMC9655944 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial monolayer is the primary determinant of mucosal barrier function, and tight junction (TJ) complexes seal the paracellular space between the adjacent epithelial cells and represent the main "gate-keepers" of the paracellular route. Impaired TJ functionality results in increased permeation of the "pro-inflammatory" luminal contents to the circulation that induces local and systemic inflammatory and immune responses, ultimately triggering and/or perpetuating (chronic) systemic inflammatory disorders. Increased gut leakiness is associated with intestinal and systemic disease states such as inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Modulation of TJ dynamics is an appealing strategy aiming at inflammatory conditions associated with compromised intestinal epithelial function. Recently there has been a growing interest in nutraceuticals, particularly in non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs). NDOs confer innumerable health benefits via microbiome-shaping and gut microbiota-related immune responses, including enhancement of epithelial barrier integrity. Emerging evidence supports that NDOs also exert health-beneficial effects on microbiota independently via direct interactions with intestinal epithelial and immune cells. Among these valuable features, NDOs promote barrier function by directly regulating TJs via AMPK-, PKC-, MAPK-, and TLR-associated pathways. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the epithelial barrier-protective effects of different NDOs with a special focus on their microbiota-independent modulation of TJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleni Mavrogeni
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mostafa Asadpoor
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A. J. Henricks
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Braber
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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12
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Wells JM, Gao Y, de Groot N, Vonk MM, Ulfman L, van Neerven RJJ. Babies, Bugs, and Barriers: Dietary Modulation of Intestinal Barrier Function in Early Life. Annu Rev Nutr 2022; 42:165-200. [PMID: 35697048 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-122221-103916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is essential in early life to prevent infection, inflammation, and food allergies. It consists of microbiota, a mucus layer, an epithelial layer, and the immune system. Microbial metabolites, the mucus, antimicrobial peptides, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) protect the intestinal mucosa against infection. The complex interplay between these functionalities of the intestinal barrier is crucial in early life by supporting homeostasis, development of the intestinal immune system, and long-term gut health. Exclusive breastfeeding is highly recommended during the first 6 months. When breastfeeding is not possible, milk-based infant formulas are the only safe alternative. Breast milk contains many bioactive components that help to establish the intestinal microbiota and influence the development of the intestinal epithelium and the immune system. Importantly, breastfeeding lowers the risk for intestinal and respiratory tract infections. Here we review all aspects of intestinal barrier function and the nutritional components that impact its functionality in early life, such as micronutrients, bioactive milk proteins, milk lipids, and human milk oligosaccharides. These components are present in breast milk and can be added to milk-based infant formulas to support gut health and immunity. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Nutrition, Volume 42 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry M Wells
- Host Microbe Interactomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yifan Gao
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - R J Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands;
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13
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Tian S, Wang J, Gao R, Wang J, Zhu W. Early-life galacto-oligosaccharides supplementation alleviates the small intestinal oxidative stress and dysfunction of lipopolysaccharide-challenged suckling piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:70. [PMID: 35655292 PMCID: PMC9164537 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are non-digestible food ingredients that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. This study investigated the protective effect of the early-life GOS supplement on the piglets' gut function against the oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenge. METHODS Eighteen neonatal piglets were assigned to three groups including CON, LPS and LPS + GOS groups. The piglets in CON group and LPS group received physiological saline, while those in LPS + GOS group received GOS solution for 13 d after birth. On d 14, the piglets in LPS group and LPS + GOS group were injected with LPS solutions, while the piglets in CON group were injected with the same volume of physiological saline. RESULTS The results showed that the early-life GOS supplement blocked the LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) secretion, malondialdehyde (MDA) production and the increase of pro-apoptotic factor expression. Meanwhile, the early-life GOS supplement improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes, disaccharidase enzymes activities, and digestive enzymes activities, and increased the mRNA abundance of the gene related to nutrient digestion and absorption and the relative protein expression of tight junction. The study also showed that the early-life GOS supplement improved the expression of Hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H/quinone acceptor oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1), and activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that GOS enhanced the gut function, reduced the ROS production and pro-apoptotic factors gene expression, and activated the AMPK signaling pathway in LPS-challenged piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Tian
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ren Gao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Jiang N, Zhao Z. Intestinal aging is alleviated by uridine via regulating inflammation and oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1519-1531. [PMID: 35380925 PMCID: PMC9278450 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2055252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Many countries in the world are stepping into the aging society with the challenge of the increasing agin gpopulation. The physiological functions of the human body begins to decline with aging, and the intestinal tract as the most important digestive organ will also be aging. How to relieve or reverse aging is an important scientific problem.The aging model in vivo and in vitro was established. Western-blot, indirect immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were carried out to explore the anti-aging effect of uridine.In the current study, we examined the anti-aging effect of uridine in vivo and in vitro experiments. In vitro cell model, we found that the aging level of intestinal tract was significantly reduced by uridine, uridine treatment down-regulated the Sa-β-gal-positive cells. Furthermore, the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress were also significantly reduced by uridine treatment. On this basis, in vivo experiments, we found that the aging level of mice fed with uridine was significantly lower than that of the control group as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses.In conclusion, our current research indicates that uridine shows a good anti-aging effect,which suggests that uridine is expected to be used as a health food or clinical drug to treat intestinal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Hankou Hospital, Wuhan, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wuhan Hankou Hospital, Wuhan, Beijing, China
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15
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Tian S, Wang J, Gao R, Wang J, Zhu W. Galacto-oligosaccharides directly attenuate lipopolysaccharides-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress and barrier impairment in intestinal epithelium. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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16
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Effect of sialyllactose administration on growth performance and intestinal epithelium development in suckling piglets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Duarte ME, Kim SW. Intestinal microbiota and its interaction to intestinal health in nursery pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:169-184. [PMID: 34977387 PMCID: PMC8683651 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota has gained increased attention from researchers within the swine industry due to its role in promoting intestinal maturation, immune system modulation, and consequently the enhancement of the health and growth performance of the host. This review aimed to provide updated scientific information on the interaction among intestinal microbiota, dietary components, and intestinal health of pigs. The small intestine is a key site to evaluate the interaction of the microbiota, diet, and host because it is the main site for digestion and absorption of nutrients and plays an important role within the immune system. The diet and its associated components such as feed additives are the main factors affecting the microbial composition and is central in stimulating a beneficial population of microbiota. The microbiota–host interaction modulates the immune system, and, concurrently, the immune system helps to modulate the microbiota composition. The direct interaction between the microbiota and the host is an indication that the mucosa-associated microbiota can be more effective in evaluating its effect on health parameters. It was demonstrated that the mucosa-associated microbiota should be evaluated when analyzing the interaction among diets, microbiota, and health. In addition, supplementation of feed additives aimed to promote the intestinal health of pigs should consider their roles in the modulation of mucosa-associated microbiota as biomarkers to predict the response of growth performance to dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Elias Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, United States
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18
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Differential effects of early-life and post-weaning galactooligosaccharides intervention on colonic bacterial composition and function in weaning piglets. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0131821. [PMID: 34705551 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01318-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have proved that the early-life galactooligosaccharides (GOS) intervention could improve the colonic function by altering the bacterial composition in the suckling piglets. However, whether the early-life GOS (ELG) intervention could have a long influence of the colonic microbiota, and the ELG and post-weaning GOS (PWG) combined intervention would have an interaction effect on maintaining colonic health in weaning piglets remain to be explored. Thus in this study, we illustrated the differential effect of ELG and PWG intervention on colonic microbiota and colonic function of weaning piglets. Our results showed that both the ELG and PWG intervention decreased the diarrhea frequency of weaning piglets, while the PWG intervention increased colonic indexes. After 16S rRNA MiSeq sequencing of gut bacteria belonged to colonic niches (mucosa and digesta), the PWG increased the α-diversity of colonic mucosal bacteria was revealed. In addition, we found both the ELG and PWG intervention enriched the abundance of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producer in different colonic niches and increased total SCFAs concentrations in colonic digesta. These changes selectively modulated the mRNA expression of pattern recognition receptors and barrier proteins in the colonic mucosa. Of note, the combined effect of ELG and PWG effectively enhanced colonic SCFAs producer enrichment and up-regulated the butyrate concentration. Meanwhile, the gene expression of MyD88-NFκB signaling and the pro-inflammatory cytokines contents were markedly reduced under the combined effect of ELG and PWG. Importance Reducing the disorders of gut ecosystem is an effective way to relieve weaning stresses of piglets and save economic losses in the modern swine industry. To this end, prebiotics were often added in diet during the weaning transition. In present study, we demonstrated that the ELG and PWG intervention had shown different effects on the bacterial composition of different colonic niches and colonic function in the weaning piglets. Especially under the combined effect of ELG and PWG intervention, the gene expression of MyD88-NFκB signaling and the contents of pro-inflammation cytokines decreased with the increasing concentration of butyrate, which is one of the important microbial metabolites in the colon of weaning piglets. These findings further provided new insights into nutritional interventions to alleviate intestinal ecosystem dysbiosis and gut dysfunction in the piglets during the weaning transition.
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19
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Gao R, Tian S, Wang J, Zhu W. Galacto-oligosaccharides improve barrier function and relieve colonic inflammation via modulating mucosa-associated microbiota composition in lipopolysaccharides-challenged piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:92. [PMID: 34376253 PMCID: PMC8356462 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00612-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) have been shown to modulate the intestinal microbiota of suckling piglets to exert beneficial effects on intestinal function. However, the modulation of intestinal microbiota and intestinal function by GOS in intestinal inflammation injury models has rarely been reported. In this study, we investigated the effects of GOS on the colonic mucosal microbiota composition, barrier function and inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-challenged suckling piglets. METHODS A total of 18 newborn suckling piglets were divided into three groups, the CON group, the LPS-CON group and the LPS-GOS group. Piglets in the LPS-GOS group were orally fed with 1 g/kg body weight of GOS solution every day. On the d 14, piglets in the LPS-CON and LPS-GOS group were challenged intraperitoneally with LPS solution. All piglets were slaughtered 2 h after intraperitoneal injection and sampled. RESULTS We found that the colonic mucosa of LPS-challenged piglets was significantly injured and shedding, while the colonic mucosa of the LPS-GOS group piglets maintained its structure. Moreover, GOS significantly reduced the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the LPS-challenged suckling piglets, and significantly increased the activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). GOS significantly increased the relative abundance of norank_f__Muribaculaceae and Romboutsia, and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Alloprevotella, Campylobacter and Helicobacter in the colonic mucosa of LPS-challenged suckling piglets. In addition, GOS increased the concentrations of acetate, butyrate and total short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the colonic digesta of LPS-challenged suckling piglets. GOS significantly reduced the concentrations of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14), and the relative mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) in the LPS-challenged suckling piglets. In addition, GOS significantly reduced the relative mRNA expression of mucin2 (MUC2), and significantly increased the protein expression of Claudin-1 and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) in LPS-challenged suckling piglets. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that GOS can modulate the colonic mucosa-associated microbiota composition and improve the intestinal function of LPS-challenged suckling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Gao
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shiyi Tian
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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20
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Wu Y, Zhang X, Pi Y, Han D, Feng C, Zhao J, Chen L, Che D, Bao H, Xie Z, Wang J. Maternal galactooligosaccharides supplementation programmed immune defense, microbial colonization and intestinal development in piglets. Food Funct 2021; 12:7260-7270. [PMID: 34165467 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00084e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) in neonates have been confirmed. However, the effects of nutritional programming by maternal GOS intervention on microbial colonization and intestinal development in the offspring remain unclear. In the present study, late gestational sows were fed with GOS (10 g d-1 added into the diet) or not until parturition, and the performances, immune status, microbiota composition and intestinal barriers in their piglets on day 21 were compared. GOS supplementation in pregnant sows improved their litter characteristics and the growth performance of their piglets during the neonatal stage (day 21), and elevated the plasma IgA levels in both sows and their piglets (P < 0.05). GOS intervention enriched fecal Alloprevotella and Ruminoclostridium_1 in gestational sows and vertically increased fecal Alloprevotella and Ruminococcaceae in their piglets (P < 0.05). Moreover, maternal GOS intervention increased fecal acetate (P < 0.05) and improved the intestinal barriers of their piglets by upregulating intestinal tight junctions (Occludin, Claudin-1, ZO-1), the goblet cell number and Mucin-2 (P < 0.05), which correlated positively with the colonized microbiota (P < 0.05). In summary, GOS supplementation for sows during late gestation nutritionally programmed maternal specific microbes and IgA of their offspring. This neonatal programming showed positive potential in promoting the intestinal barriers, immune defense, and growth performance of the piglets. Our findings provide evidence for maternal nutritional programming in neonates and insights for future application of GOS in maternal-neonatal nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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21
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Wang G, Sun W, Pei X, Jin Y, Wang H, Tao W, Xiao Z, Liu L, Wang M. Galactooligosaccharide pretreatment alleviates damage of the intestinal barrier and inflammatory responses in LPS-challenged mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:1569-1579. [PMID: 33459741 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) have been identified as beneficial prebiotics for animals and human beings. Most studies have focused on the effect of GOS on the hindgut populated with abundant microbes. However, few research studies have been conducted on the small intestine, and many results are inconsistent due to the purity of GOS, commonly mixed with monosaccharides or lactose. Therefore, pure GOS with definite structures were prepared and used in the present study to evaluate their effects on intestinal barrier function, inflammatory responses and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced in the colon of mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results of 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analyses indicated that the main structures of GOS with a degree of polymerization of 3 (trisaccharide) and 4 (tetrasaccharide) are [β-Gal-(1 → 6)-β-Gal(1 → 4)-β-Glc] and [β-Gal-(1 → 6)-β-Gal-(1 → 6)-β-Gal-(1 → 4)-β-Glc], respectively. The results of an in vivo study in mice showed that intragastric administration of 0.5 g per kg BW GOS attenuated intestinal barrier damage and inflammatory responses induced by LPS in the jejunum and ileum, as indicated by increasing villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio, up-regulated intestinal tight junction (ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1) gene expression, and down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α gene expression. Nevertheless, the protective effects of GOS on the intestinal barrier are independent of glucagon-like peptide 2. In addition, 0.5 g per kg BW GOS administration promoted the recovery of colonic acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFA production reduced by LPS challenge. The obtained results provide practical evidence that pure GOS can act as protective agents for intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Wanjing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Xun Pei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Yuyue Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Haidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Wenjing Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiping Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Lujie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Minqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.
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Using Nutritional Strategies to Shape the Gastro-Intestinal Tracts of Suckling and Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11020402. [PMID: 33562533 PMCID: PMC7914898 DOI: 10.3390/ani11020402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This is a comprehensive review on the use of nutritional strategies to shape the functioning of the gastro-intestinal tract in suckling and weaned piglets. The progressive development of a piglet's gut and the associated microbiota and immune system offers a unique window of opportunity for supporting gut health through dietary modulation. This is particularly relevant for large litters, for which sow colostrum and milk are insufficient. The authors have therefore proposed the use of supplemental milk and creep feed with a dual purpose. In addition to providing nutrients to piglets, supplemental milk can also serve as a gut modulator in early life by incorporating functional ingredients with potential long-term benefits. To prepare piglets for weaning, it is important to stimulate the intake of solid feed before weaning, in addition to stimulating the number of piglets eating. The use of functional ingredients in creep feed and a transition diet around the time of weaning helps to habituate piglets to solid feed in general, while also preparing the gut for the digestion and fermentation of specific ingredients. In the first days after weaning (i.e., the acute phase), it is important to maintain high levels of feed intake and focus on nutritional strategies that support good gastric (barrier) function and that avoid overloading the impaired digestion and fermentation capacity of the piglets. In the subsequent maturation phase, the ratio of lysine to energy can be increased gradually in order to stimulate piglet growth. This is because the digestive and fermentation capacity of the piglets is more mature at this stage, thus allowing the inclusion of more fermentable fibres. Taken together, the nutritional strategies addressed in this review provide a structured approach to preparing piglets for success during weaning and the period that follows. The implementation of this approach and the insights to be developed through future research can help to achieve some of the most important goals in pig production: reducing piglet mortality, morbidity and antimicrobial use.
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Alternatives to antibiotics and trace elements (copper and zinc) to improve gut health and zootechnical parameters in piglets: A review. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Azad MA, Gao J, Ma J, Li T, Tan B, Huang X, Yin J. Opportunities of prebiotics for the intestinal health of monogastric animals. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2020; 6:379-388. [PMID: 33364453 PMCID: PMC7750794 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The goal of prebiotic applications from different sources is to improve the gut ecosystem where the host and microbiota can benefit from prebiotics. It has already been recognized that prebiotics have potential roles in the gut ecosystem because gut microbiota ferment complex dietary macronutrients and carry out a broad range of functions in the host body, such as the production of nutrients and vitamins, protection against pathogens, and maintenance of immune system balance. The gut ecosystem is very crucial and can be affected by numerous factors consisting of dietary constituents and commensal bacteria. This review focuses on recent scientific evidence, confirming a beneficial effect of prebiotics on animal health, particularly in terms of protection against pathogenic bacteria and increasing the number of beneficial bacteria that may improve epithelial cell barrier functions. It has also been reviewed that modification of the gut ecosystem through the utilization of prebiotics significantly affects the intestinal health of animals. However, the identification and characterization of novel potential prebiotics remain a topical issue and elucidation of the metagenomics relationship between gut microbiota alteration and prebiotic substances is necessary for future prebiotic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md A.K. Azad
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xingguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Applied Microbial Resources Development for Livestock and Poultry, Changsha, 410128, China
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Wu Y, Zhang X, Tao S, Pi Y, Han D, Ye H, Feng C, Zhao J, Chen L, Wang J. Maternal supplementation with combined galactooligosaccharides and casein glycomacropeptides modulated microbial colonization and intestinal development of neonatal piglets. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Liu J, Liu G, Chen Z, Zheng A, Cai H, Chang W, Li C, Chen J, Wu Z. Effects of glucose oxidase on growth performance, immune function, and intestinal barrier of ducks infected with Escherichia coli O88. Poult Sci 2020; 99:6549-6558. [PMID: 33248570 PMCID: PMC7705042 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The negative effects of dietary antibiotics have become a widespread concern. It is imperative to search for a new type of green, safe, and efficient feed additive that can replace antibiotics. This study was to investigate the effects of glucose oxidase (GOD) on growth performance, immune function, and intestinal barrier in ducks infected with Escherichia coli O88. First, we established the E. coli challenge model of ducks through a preliminary experiment and then carried out the formal experiment by using 144 1-day-old male lean Peking ducklings (50 ± 2.75 g). All ducks were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatment groups of basal diet (control), 30 mg/kg virginiamycin (antibiotic), and 200 U/kg GOD (1,000 U/g). Each group consisted of 6 replications with 8 birds per replicate. At day 7, all ducks were orally administered 0.2 mL E coli O88 (3 × 109 cfu/mL) twice, 8 h apart based on the preliminary experiment. The experiment lasted for 28 d. Dietary supplementation with GOD improved growth performance of ducks infected with E. coli. The GOD increased contents of Ig in plasma and secreted Ig A in jejunal mucosa. The GOD group had lower concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and their upstream regulator Toll-like receptor 4 in the jejunum of ducks than the control group. Supplementation with GOD increased villus height and decreased crypt depth in the jejunum. The gene expression of tight junction proteins (zonula occludens-1, claudin-1 and claudin-2) was enhanced by adding GOD. The GOD decreased intestinal permeability by reducing the concentrations of diamine oxidase and D-lactic in plasma of ducks. There were no significant differences in almost all the indices tested between the GOD and the antibiotic groups. In conclusion, supplementation of GOD improved growth performance, immune function, and intestinal barrier of ducks infected with E. coli O88. Glucose oxidase may serve as a promising alternative therapy to antibiotics to relieve or prevent colibacillosis in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aijuan Zheng
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyi Cai
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhuan Chang
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Chong Li
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengke Wu
- Feed Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Pérez-Escalante E, Alatorre-Santamaría S, Castañeda-Ovando A, Salazar-Pereda V, Bautista-Ávila M, Cruz-Guerrero AE, Flores-Aguilar JF, González-Olivares LG. Human milk oligosaccharides as bioactive compounds in infant formula: recent advances and trends in synthetic methods. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:181-214. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1813683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Pérez-Escalante
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Colonia Carboneras. CP. 42184. Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Sergio Alatorre-Santamaría
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Departamento de Biotecnología, Colonia Vicentina AP 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Araceli Castañeda-Ovando
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Colonia Carboneras. CP. 42184. Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Verónica Salazar-Pereda
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Colonia Carboneras. CP. 42184. Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Mirandeli Bautista-Ávila
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo. Área Académica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud. Ex-Hacienda la Concepción. San Agustín Tlaxiaca, Hidalgo, México
| | - Alma Elizabeth Cruz-Guerrero
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa. División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Departamento de Biotecnología, Colonia Vicentina AP 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Francisco Flores-Aguilar
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Colonia Carboneras. CP. 42184. Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
| | - Luis Guillermo González-Olivares
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Área Académica de Química. Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Colonia Carboneras. CP. 42184. Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, México
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Wu Y, Zhang X, Han D, Ye H, Tao S, Pi Y, Zhao J, Chen L, Wang J. Short Administration of Combined Prebiotics Improved Microbial Colonization, Gut Barrier, and Growth Performance of Neonatal Piglets. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:20506-20516. [PMID: 32832803 PMCID: PMC7439367 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of short administration with the combination (GMF) of galactooligosaccharides (GOS), milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on microbiota, intestinal barriers, and growth performance of neonatal piglets. Sixteen newborn piglets were divided into two groups: GMF group and CON group; GMF solution (5 mL) and saline (5 mL) were, respectively, administered to piglets in the GMF group and CON group once a day during the first week after birth. The results showed that GMF administration improved the growth performance of neonatal piglets on day 8 and day 21, coupled with the enriched genus Lactobacillus on day 8 and the increased genera norank_f__Muribaculaceae, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Enterococcus, and Romboutsia on day 21. Additionally, GMF administration increased luminal acetate and propionate levels, upregulated the gene expressions of intestinal tight junctions (Occludin, Claudins, and ZO-1), mucins (Mucin-1, Mucin-2, Mucin-4, and Mucin-20), and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-22) while decreased the plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) level on day 21. The correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between the colonized beneficial microbiota and the modified intestinal barrier genes. In conclusion, the first week administration of GMF facilitated the colonization of beneficial bacteria, promoted intestinal development by enhancing microbiota-associated intestinal barrier functions, and improved the growth performance of the piglets during the whole neonatal period. Our findings provide guidelines for combined prebiotics application in modulating the microbial colonization and intestinal development of the neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and
Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and
Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dandan Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and
Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hao Ye
- State
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and
Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- State
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and
Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Pi
- State
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and
Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National
Engineering Center of Dairy for Early Life Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- National
Engineering Center of Dairy for Early Life Health, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and
Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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29
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Xing YY, Li KN, Xu YQ, Wu YZ, Shi LL, Guo SW, Yan SM, Jin X, Shi BL. Effects of galacto-oligosaccharide on growth performance, feacal microbiota, immune response and antioxidant capability in weaned piglets. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1732394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Xing
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke-nan Li
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-qing Xu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-zhao Wu
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu-lu Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-wei Guo
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su-mei Yan
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Jin
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin-lin Shi
- College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People’s Republic of China
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30
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Targeting NLRP3 Inflammasome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Putting out the Fire of Inflammation. Inflammation 2020; 42:1147-1159. [PMID: 30937839 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of inflammatory conditions of the colon and small intestine, comprised of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Among the complicated pathogenic factors of IBD, the overaction of inflammatory and immune reaction serves as an important factor. Inflammasome is a form of innate immunity as well as inflammation. Among all kinds of inflammasomes, the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the most studied one, and has been revealed to be involved in the pathogenesis and progression of IBD. Here, in this review, the association between the NLRP3 inflammasome and IBD will be discussed. Furthermore, several NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors which have been demonstrated to be effective in the alleviation of IBD will be described in this review.
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31
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Wang J, Tian S, Wang J, Zhu W. Early galactooligosaccharide intervention alters the metabolic profile, improves the antioxidant capacity of mitochondria and activates the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway in suckling piglet liver. Food Funct 2020; 11:7280-7292. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01486a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The early GOS intervention altered the composition of the hepatic metabolic profile by promoting lipid catabolism and regulating amino acid metabolism in the suckling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science
- College of Animal Science and Technology
| | - Shiyi Tian
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science
- College of Animal Science and Technology
| | - Jing Wang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science
- College of Animal Science and Technology
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science
- College of Animal Science and Technology
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32
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Hu P, Zhao F, Wang J, Zhu W. Lactoferrin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory responses and barrier impairment through the modulation of NF-κB/MAPK/Nrf2 pathways in IPEC-J2 cells. Food Funct 2020; 11:8516-8526. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01570a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory responsesviainhibiting NF-κB/MAPK pathways in IPEC-J2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science
- College of Animal Science and Technology
| | - Fangzhou Zhao
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science
- College of Animal Science and Technology
| | - Jing Wang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science
- College of Animal Science and Technology
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology
- National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science
- College of Animal Science and Technology
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Tian S, Shi Q, Zhu Y, Yang H, Wang J, Zhu W. Significant changes in caecal microbial composition and metabolites of weaned piglets after protein restriction and succedent realimentation. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:1126-1133. [PMID: 31840859 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of protein restriction and subsequent realimentation on caecal barrier function, caecal microbial composition and metabolites in weaned piglets. Thirty-six 28-day-old weaned piglets were randomly assigned to a control group and a treatment group. The piglets were fed diets containing 18.83% (normal) or 13.05% (low) of crude protein from the 1st to 14th day, after which all piglets were fed diets containing 18.83% of crude protein from the 15th to 28th day. The results showed that protein restriction increased caecal bacterial diversity and richness as well as the abundance of Ruminococcus 2, Faecalibacterium and Lachnospiraceae_uncultured, but reduced the abundance and the gene copies of Lactobacillus in the treatment group compared with the control group on day 14. Protein restriction also decreased the concentrations of isovaleric acid and total branched-chain fatty acids. During the succedent protein realimentation stage, the abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 and the concentrations of lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid and total short-chain fatty acids were increased in the treatment group on day 28. Furthermore, the ammonia concentration was reduced, while the gene mRNA levels of caecal barrier function were increased in the treatment group both on days 14 and 28. In conclusion, dietary protein restriction and realimentation could change caecal microbial composition and metabolites, and eventually influence caecal barrier function. The present study may provide a new insight into protein restriction and realimentation in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yizhi Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huairong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Tian S, Wang J, Yu H, Wang J, Zhu W. Changes in Ileal Microbial Composition and Microbial Metabolism by an Early-Life Galacto-Oligosaccharides Intervention in a Neonatal Porcine Model. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1753. [PMID: 31366090 PMCID: PMC6723927 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), functional oligosaccharides with natural characteristics, are important active substances in milk that play an important role in the development of intestinal microbiota and the immune system of newborns. The intestinal maturation of piglets resembles that of human newborns and infants. Therefore, we used the newborn piglet model to study the effects of early-life GOS intervention. Six litters of neonatal piglets (10 piglets per litter) with the same average birth weight were divided into control (CON) and GOS (GOS) groups in each litter. Piglets in the GOS group were given 10 mL of GOS solution daily during the first week after birth, while piglets in the CON group were given the same dose of physiological saline orally. One pig per group from each litter was euthanized on day 8 and day 21. Results revealed that ileal microbiota composition was significantly enriched in Lactobacillus and unclassified Lactobacillaceae, and reduced in Clostridium sensu stricto on day 8 and day 21 after GOS intervention. Additionally, Escherichia significantly decreased on day 21 following the early-life GOS intervention. Moreover, the content of microbial metabolites, endocrine peptides, and the mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides increased in the GOS group. These findings provide guidelines for early prebiotic supplementation for lactating newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Tian
- National center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jue Wang
- National center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hu Yu
- National center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- National center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Wang J, Tian S, Yu H, Wang J, Zhu W. Response of Colonic Mucosa-Associated Microbiota Composition, Mucosal Immune Homeostasis, and Barrier Function to Early Life Galactooligosaccharides Intervention in Suckling Piglets. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:578-588. [PMID: 30562014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Suckling piglets were used to investigate the response of colonic mucosa-associated microbiota composition, mucosal immune homeostasis, and barrier function to early life galactooligosaccharides (GOS) intervention. Ten milliliter 1 g/kg body weight GOS solutions and physiological saline solutions were fed to the newborn piglets in the GOS group and in the control (CON) group a week time, respectively. Six piglets from each group were euthanized on day 8 and day 21. GOS piglets had a higher abundance of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producer such as Prevotella, Barnesiella, Parabacteroides, and Unclassified Porphyromonadaceae in colonic mucosa ( P < 0.05). In addition, the total SCFAs level in colonic digesta of GOS piglets increased on day 8 ( P < 0.05) and day 21 ( P = 0.064). Meanwhile, a higher SCFAs concentration in colon of the GOS piglets altered the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-8 and IL-10) and barrier proteins (ZO-1 and Claudin-1) through regulating the phosphorylation of the NFκB and AMPK signaling pathway. In summary, these results provide important insights and understandings to reveal the relationship between the mucosal microbiota colonization and intestinal function at the early life stage of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Shiyi Tian
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Hu Yu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology , Nanjing Agricultural University , Nanjing 210095 , China
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