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Chen J, Lan H, Li C, Xie Y, Cheng X, Xia R, Ke C, Liang X. Gut microbial signatures of patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome and their healthy relatives. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae118. [PMID: 38849305 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder, encompassing diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Here, we utilized 16S rDNA gene sequencing to identify potential microbial drivers of IBS-D. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 30 healthy relatives and 27 patients with IBS-D were recruited. Clinical data and fecal samples were collected from patients and controls. 16S rDNA gene sequencing was performed to obtain fecal bacterial data. Differences in community composition were evaluated utilizing analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare differences in taxa and functional pathways. Finally, the key gut microbiota was identified using the random forest algorithm. Gut microbiota diversity, estimated through the Observe, Chao1, and abundance-based coverage estimator (ACE) indices, was significantly lower in the IBS-D patients than in the healthy relatives. ANOSIM analysis further confirmed significant differences in the composition of the gut microbiota between IBS-D patients and healthy relatives, with an R value of 0.106 and a P-value of 0.005. Notably, the IBS-D patients exhibited a significant enrichment of specific bacterial genera, including Fusicatenibacter, Streptococcus, and Klebsiella, which may possess potential pathogenic properties. In particular, the bacterial genus Klebsiella demonstrated a positive correlation with irritable bowel syndrome severity scoring system scores. Conversely, healthy subjects showed enrichment of bacterial genera such as Alistipes, Akkermansia, and Dialister, which may be beneficial bacteria in IBS-D. Utilizing the random forest model, we developed a discriminative model for IBS-D based on differential bacterial genera. This model exhibited impressive performance, with an area under the curve value of 0.90. Additionally, our analysis did not reveal any gender-specific differences in the microbiota community composition among IBS-D patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings offer preliminary insights into the potential relationship between intestinal microbiota and IBS-D. The identification model for IBS-D, grounded in gut microbiota, holds promising prospects for improving early diagnosis of IBS-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Haibo Lan
- Department of Constipation, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Chenmeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Yongli Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Pingxiang People's Hospital, Pingxiang 337000, China
| | - Xianhui Cheng
- Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361101, China
| | - Rongmu Xia
- Xiamen Treatgut Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361101, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Chunlin Ke
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, China
| | - Xuyang Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222061, China
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Zeng J, Yi B, Chang R, Li J, Zhu J, Yu Z, Li X, Gao Y. The Causal Effect of Gut Microbiota and Plasma Metabolome on Lung Cancer and the Heterogeneity across Subtypes: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Pers Med 2024; 14:453. [PMID: 38793035 PMCID: PMC11122438 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The causal effect and pathways of gut microbiota and plasma metabolome on lung cancer have been important topics for personalized medicine; however, the heterogeneity of lung cancer subtypes has not gained enough attention in previous studies. This study sought to employ a Mendelian randomization analysis to screen the specific gut microbiota and plasma metabolome, which may have a causal effect on lung cancer. We further extended our analysis to estimate the effects of these exposures on various pathological subtypes of lung cancer. Furthermore, a mediation analysis was performed to identify the potential pathway underlying the influence of microbiota and metabolites. Our study identified 13 taxa and 15 metabolites with a causal association with the overall risk of lung cancer. Furthermore, we found 8 taxa and 14 plasma metabolites with a causal effect on lung adenocarcinoma, 4 taxa and 10 metabolites with a causal effect on squamous cell lung carcinoma, and 7 taxa and 16 metabolites with a causal effect on SCLC. We also identified seven mediation pathways that could potentially elucidate the influence of these microbiota and metabolites on overall lung cancer or special subtypes. Our study highlighted the heterogeneity of the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in a lung cancer subtype and elucidated the potential underlying mechanisms. This could pave the way for more personalized lung cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Ruimin Chang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Jiebo Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Zhongjie Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Xi Li
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Respiratory Medicine, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Engineering Research Center for Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics of Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; (J.Z.); (B.Y.); (R.C.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Z.Y.)
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Pulmonary Nodules Precise Diagnosis & Treatment, Changsha 410008, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha 410008, China
- Xiangya Lung Cancer Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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3
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Fontana F, Longhi G, Carli E, Alessandri G, Mancabelli L, Lugli GA, Tarracchini C, Viappiani A, Anzalone R, Turroni F, Milani C, Ventura M. Revealing the genetic traits of the foodborne microbial genus hafnia: Implications for the human gut microbiome. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16626. [PMID: 38646847 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The bacterial genus Hafnia has recently attracted attention due to its complex metabolic features and host-interaction capabilities, which are associated with health benefits, primarily weight loss. However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the genomic characteristics of this emerging microbial group. In this study, we utilized all available high-quality genomes of Hafnia alvei and Hafnia paralvei to uncover the broad distribution of Hafnia in human and honeybee guts, as well as in dairy products, by analysing 1068 metagenomic datasets. We then investigated the genetic traits related to Hafnia's production of vitamins and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) through a comparative genomics analysis that included all dominant bacterial species in the three environments under study. Our findings underscore the extensive metabolic capabilities of Hafnia, particularly in the production of vitamins such as thiamine (B1), nicotinate (B3), pyridoxine (B6), biotin (B7), folate (B9), cobalamin (B12), and menaquinone (K2). Additionally, Hafnia demonstrated a conserved genetic makeup associated with SCFA production, including acetate, propanoate, and butanoate. These metabolic traits were further confirmed using RNAseq analyses of a newly isolated H. paralvei strain T10. Overall, our study illuminates the ecological distribution and genetic attributes of this bacterial genus, which is of increasing scientific and industrial relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- GenProbio Srl, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Longhi
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Elisa Carli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Tarracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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4
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Awe T, Fasawe A, Sawe C, Ogunware A, Jamiu AT, Allen M. The modulatory role of gut microbiota on host behavior: exploring the interaction between the brain-gut axis and the neuroendocrine system. AIMS Neurosci 2024; 11:49-62. [PMID: 38617041 PMCID: PMC11007408 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2024004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain-gut axis refers to the communication between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract, with the gut microbiome playing a crucial role. While our understanding of the interaction between the gut microbiome and the host's physiology is still in its nascent stage, evidence suggests that the gut microbiota can indeed modulate host behavior. Understanding the specific mechanisms by which the gut microbiota community modulates the host's behavior remains the focus of present and future neuro-gastroenterology studies. This paper reviews several pieces of evidence from the literature on the impact of gut microbiota on host behavior across animal taxa. We explore the different pathways through which this modulation occurs, with the aim of deepening our understanding of the fascinating relationship between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temitope Awe
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Ayoola Fasawe
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Caleb Sawe
- School of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL, USA
| | - Adedayo Ogunware
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael Allen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria
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5
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Zhou E, Zhang L, He L, Xiao Y, Zhang K, Luo B. Cold exposure, gut microbiota and health implications: A narrative review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170060. [PMID: 38242473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Temperature has been recognized as an important environmental factor affecting the composition and function of gut microbiota (GM). Although research on high-temperature impacts has been well studied, knowledge about the effect of cold exposure on GM remains limited. This narrative review aims to synthesize the latest scientific findings on the impact of cold exposure on mammalian GM, and its potential health implications. Chronic cold exposure could disrupt the α-diversity and the composition of GM in both experimental animals and wild-living hosts. Meanwhile, cold exposure could impact gut microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. We also discussed plausible biological pathways and mechanisms by which cold-induced changes may impact host health, including metabolic homeostasis, fitness and thermogenesis, through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Intriguingly, alterations in GM may provide a tool for favorably modulating the host response to the cold temperature. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed, emphasizing the need for translational research in humans. GM could be manipulated by utilizing nutritional strategies, such as probiotics and prebiotics, to deal with cold-related health issues and enhance well-being in populations living or working in cold environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkai Zhou
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Li He
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Ya Xiao
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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6
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Liu C, Xu Q, Dong S, Ding H, Li B, Zhang D, Liang Y, Li L, Liu Q, Cheng Y, Wu J, Zhu J, Zhong M, Cao Y, Zhang G. New mechanistic insights of anti-obesity by sleeve gastrectomy-altered gut microbiota and lipid metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1338147. [PMID: 38375198 PMCID: PMC10875461 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1338147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The obesity epidemic has been on the rise due to changes in living standards and lifestyles. To combat this issue, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has emerged as a prominent bariatric surgery technique, offering substantial weight reduction. Nevertheless, the mechanisms that underlie SG-related bodyweight loss are not fully understood. Methods In this study, we conducted a collection of preoperative and 3-month postoperative serum and fecal samples from patients who underwent laparoscopic SG at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Jinan, China). Here, we took an unbiased approach of multi-omics to investigate the role of SG-altered gut microbiota in anti-obesity of these patients. Non-target metabolome sequencing was performed using the fecal and serum samples. Results Our data show that SG markedly increased microbiota diversity and Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, Parabacteroides, Bactreoidales, and Enterobacteraies robustly increased. These compositional changes were positively correlated with lipid metabolites, including sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, and unsaturated fatty acids. Increases of Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, and Parabacteroide were reversely correlated with body mass index (BMI). Conclusion In conclusion, our findings provide evidence that SG induces significant alterations in the abundances of Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, Parabacteroides, and Bacteroidales, as well as changes in lipid metabolism-related metabolites. Importantly, these changes were found to be closely linked to the alleviation of obesity. On the basis of these findings, we have identified a number of microbiotas that could be potential targets for treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shuohui Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huanxin Ding
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bingjun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dexu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongjuan Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Linchuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaoran Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yugang Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiankang Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mingwei Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yihai Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guangyong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Li S, Liu M, Cao S, Liu B, Li D, Wang Z, Sun H, Cui Y, Shi Y. The Mechanism of the Gut-Brain Axis in Regulating Food Intake. Nutrients 2023; 15:3728. [PMID: 37686760 PMCID: PMC10490484 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of energy metabolism disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, and anorexia, the regulation of feeding has become the focus of global attention. The gastrointestinal tract is not only the site of food digestion and absorption but also contains a variety of appetite-regulating signals such as gut-brain peptides, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), bacterial proteins, and cellular components produced by gut microbes. While the central nervous system (CNS), as the core of appetite regulation, can receive and integrate these appetite signals and send instructions to downstream effector organs to promote or inhibit the body's feeding behaviour. This review will focus on the gut-brain axis mechanism of feeding behaviour, discussing how the peripheral appetite signal is sensed by the CNS via the gut-brain axis and the role of the central "first order neural nuclei" in the process of appetite regulation. Here, elucidation of the gut-brain axis mechanism of feeding regulation may provide new strategies for future production practises and the treatment of diseases such as anorexia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouren Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mengqi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Shixi Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Boshuai Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Defeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (S.L.); (M.L.)
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou 450002, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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8
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Meyer RK, Duca FA. RISING STARS: Endocrine regulation of metabolic homeostasis via the intestine and gut microbiome. J Endocrinol 2023; 258:e230019. [PMID: 37171833 PMCID: PMC10524498 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal system is now considered the largest endocrine organ, highlighting the importance of gut-derived peptides and metabolites in metabolic homeostasis. Gut peptides are secreted from intestinal enteroendocrine cells in response to nutrients, microbial metabolites, and neural and hormonal factors, and they regulate systemic metabolism via multiple mechanisms. While extensive research is focused on the neuroendocrine effects of gut peptides, evidence suggests that several of these hormones act as endocrine signaling molecules with direct effects on the target organ, especially in a therapeutic setting. Additionally, the gut microbiota metabolizes ingested nutrients and fiber to produce compounds that impact host metabolism indirectly, through gut peptide secretion, and directly, acting as endocrine factors. This review will provide an overview of the role of endogenous gut peptides in metabolic homeostasis and disease, as well as the potential endocrine impact of microbial metabolites on host metabolic tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Meyer
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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9
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Zhu J, Liu X, Lu Y, Yue D, He X, Deng W, Zhao S, Xi D. Exploring the Impact of Ampelopsis Grossedentata Flavonoids on Growth Performance, Ruminal Microbiota, and Plasma Physiology and Biochemistry of Kids. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2454. [PMID: 37570263 PMCID: PMC10417322 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of supplementing Ampelopsis grossedentata flavonoids (AGF) on the rumen bacterial microbiome, plasma physiology and biochemistry, and growth performance of goats. Twenty-four Nubian kids were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments: the control (CON, basal diet), the 1.0 g/kg AGF treatment (AGF), and the 12.5 mg/kg monensin treatment (MN). This trial consisted of 10 days for adaptation and 90 days for data and sample collection. The results reveal that Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria are the dominant phyla in kids' rumen. Compared with the CON group, the alpha diversity in the MN and AGF groups significantly increased (p < 0.01). Beta-diversity shows that rumen microbial composition is more similar in the MN and AGF groups. LEfSe analysis shows that Prevotella_1 in the AGF group were significantly higher than those in the MN and CON group. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose levels in the AGF group were significantly higher than those in the CON group (p < 0.05), whereas the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase levels exhibited the opposite trend. The average daily gains in the AGF and MN groups significantly increased, while the feed-to-gain ratios were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The results suggest that adding AGF to the diet improves microbial composition and has important implications for studying juvenile livestock growth and improving economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Zhu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Y.); (X.H.); (W.D.)
| | - Xingneng Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Y.); (X.H.); (W.D.)
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Yunnan Vocational College of Agriculture, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Y.); (X.H.); (W.D.)
| | - Dan Yue
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Y.); (X.H.); (W.D.)
| | - Xiaoming He
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Y.); (X.H.); (W.D.)
| | - Weidong Deng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Y.); (X.H.); (W.D.)
| | - Sumei Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Y.); (X.H.); (W.D.)
| | - Dongmei Xi
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China; (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.L.); (D.Y.); (X.H.); (W.D.)
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10
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Mingaila J, Atzeni A, Burokas A. A Comparison of Methods of Gut Microbiota Transplantation for Preclinical Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12005. [PMID: 37569381 PMCID: PMC10418867 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The experimental details reported in preclinical fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) protocols are highly inconsistent, variable, and/or incomplete. We therefore evaluated FMT from a human donor to antibiotic-induced microbial-depleted mice by exploring the effects of six techniques based on antibiotic (AB) or antibiotic + antimycotic (AB + T) gut decontamination, different administration routes, and different dosing intervals on the gut microbial population, assessed using 16S and 18S sequencing. In addition, we explored the effectiveness of FMT in terms of inflammation, physiological, and behavioral outcomes. Our results showed that intrarectal FMT at low dosing intervals better preserved the donor's gut bacterial community at genus level. Furthermore, we showed a lower abundance of several genera of fungi in animals treated with AB + T. In addition, we observed that AB + T gut decontamination followed by per os FMT, once every 3 days, affected behavioral parameters when compared to other FMT techniques. Accordingly, the same FMT groups that showed an association with some of the behavioral tests were also related to specific gut fungal genera, suggesting a possible mediation. Our findings may be useful for optimizing the practice of FMT and also in terms of donor microbiota preservation. This information may help to improve the reproducibility and reliability of FMT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aurelijus Burokas
- Department of Biological Models, Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
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11
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Cai Y, Kang Y. Gut microbiota and metabolites in diabetic retinopathy: Insights into pathogenesis for novel therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114994. [PMID: 37301133 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common and detrimental microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It has become one of the top causes of blindness and visual impairment in the working-age population. However, prevention and treatment options for DR are limited, invasive, and expensive, and most are focused on advanced-stage disease. The gut microbiota is an intricate system that alters the body's microenvironment, and its dysbiosis is strongly associated with DR. Recently, more and more investigations into the relationship between microbiota and DR have enhanced our understanding of how the gut microbiota influences the occurrence, development, prevention, and treatment of DR. In this review, we summarize the changes in the gut microbiota of animals and patients with DR and the function of metabolites and anti-diabetes drugs. Furthermore, we discuss the potential use of gut microbiota as an early diagnostic marker and targeting for DR in the healthy people and diabetic patients. Finally, the microbiota-gut-retina axis is presented to help us understand the mechanisms underlying the effect of gut microbiota on triggering or promoting DR, with a focus on the key pathways (e.g., bacterial dysbiosis and gut barrier dysfunction) that promote inflammation, insulin resistance, retinal cell and acellular capillary damage, leading to DR. Based on these data, we can hope to achieve a non-invasive, inexpensive treatment for DR by modulating the gut microbiota, either by supplementation with probiotics or by fecal transplantation. We outline the gut microbiota-targeting treatments in detail that could prevent DR progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cai
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; School of Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Department of Infectious Disease and Hepatic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongbo Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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12
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Ismael S, Vaz C, Durão C, Silvestre MP, Calhau C, Teixeira D, Marques C. The impact of Hafnia alvei HA4597™ on weight loss and glycaemic control after bariatric surgery - study protocol for a triple-blinded, blocked randomized, 12-month, parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:362. [PMID: 37248499 PMCID: PMC10226263 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subjects with obesity exhibit changes in gut microbiota composition and function (i.e. dysbiosis) that contribute to metabolic dysfunction, including appetite impairment. Although bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity with a great impact on weight loss, some subjects show weight regain due to increased energy intake after the surgery. This surgery involves gut microbiota changes that promote appetite control, but it seems insufficient to completely restore the obesity-associated dysbiosis - a possible contributor for weight regain. Thus, modulating gut microbiota with probiotics that could improve appetite regulation as a complementary approach to post-operative diet (i.e. Hafnia alvei HA4597™), may accentuate post-surgery weight loss and insulin sensitivity. METHODS This is a protocol of a triple-blinded, blocked-randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical trial designed to determine the effect of Hafnia alvei HA4597™ supplementation on weight loss and glycaemic control 1 year after bariatric surgery. Patients of Hospital CUF Tejo, Lisbon, that undergo Roux-en-Y gastric bypass are invited to participate in this study. Men and women between 18 and 65 years old, with a BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 and at least one severe obesity-related comorbidity, or with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2, and who are willing to take 2 capsules of Hafnia alvei HA4597™ probiotic supplements (equivalent to 5 × 107 CFU) vs. placebo per day for 90 days are included in this study. Assessments are carried out at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the surgery. Loss of weight in excess and glycated haemoglobin are considered primary outcomes. In addition, changes in other metabolic and inflammatory outcomes, gut microbiota composition and metabolites, as well as gastrointestinal quality of life are also being assessed during the trial. DISCUSSION The evidence obtained in this study will provide relevant information regarding the profile of the intestinal microbiota of individuals with severe obesity and the identification of the risk/benefit ratio of the use of Hafnia alvei HA4597™ as an adjunctive treatment in the maintenance of metabolic and weight control one year after the surgical intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05170867. Registered on 28 December 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shámila Ismael
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Nutition & Metabolism, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Vaz
- Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Hospital CUF Tejo, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Durão
- Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Hospital CUF Tejo, Lisbon, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Institute of Public Health, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta P Silvestre
- Nutition & Metabolism, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutition & Metabolism, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Unidade Universitária Lifestyle Medicine José de Mello Saúde By NOVA Medical School, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diana Teixeira
- Nutrition & Metabolism, CHRC, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Nutition & Metabolism, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Cláudia Marques
- Nutition & Metabolism, CINTESIS@RISE, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS, FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
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13
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Chen L, Guo L, Feng S, Wang C, Cui Z, Wang S, Lu Q, Chang H, Hang B, Snijders AM, Mao JH, Lu Y, Ding D. Fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates type 2 diabetes via metabolic remodeling of the gut microbiota in db/db mice. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:e003282. [PMID: 37253485 PMCID: PMC10230930 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gut microbiome (GM) deregulation has been implicated in major conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Our previous prospective study indicated that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) successfully improved patients with T2DM. We hypothesized that FMT may be a potential therapeutic method for T2DM, but its precise mechanisms in T2DM remains to be elucidated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eight db/m mice were FMT donors and control mice, and 16 genetically diabetic db/db mice were equally divided into two groups (db/db+phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group, db/db+FMT group). The db/db+FMT group was administered fresh fecal suspension (0.2 mL/mice) daily for 4 weeks. Analysis of the GM and serum metabolome was carried out by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing and liquid chromatogram-mass spectrometry, respectively. Effects of FMT on the gut barrier and pancreas were assessed using protein assays, messenger RNA, immunohistology and clinical indicators testing. RESULTS Our results showed that FMT treatment of db/db mice relieves a series of clinical indicators, including fasting plasma glucose, serum insulin and oral glucose tolerance test among others. Compared with non-diabetic control mice, db/db+PBS mice exhibited decreased abundance of Ruminococaceae, Porphyromonadaceae and increased abundance of Rikenellaceae and Lactobacillaceae. FMT treatment reversed this effect on the microbiome. Eleven metabolites were changed between the db/db+PBS and db/db+FMT groups. Correlation analysis showed that the structural changes of the GM were correlated with host metabolite levels. We further showed that FMT treatment of db/db mice improved intestinal barrier function, reduced inflammation and caused an alteration in the number of circulating immune cells. CONCLUSIONS FMT-mediated changes in the GM, serum metabolites, intestinal epithelial barrier, inflammation and circulating immune cells play an important role in the efficacy of FMT on T2DM disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Susu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhicheng Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sijing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingmiao Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hang Chang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Bo Hang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Biomaterials, Berkeley-Nanjing Research Center, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Antoine M Snijders
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Yibing Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dafa Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Zhao J, Yao Y, Li D, Zhu W, Xiao H, Xie M, Xiong Y, Wu J, Ni Q, Zhang M, Xu H. Metagenome and metabolome insights into the energy compensation and exogenous toxin degradation of gut microbiota in high-altitude rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:20. [PMID: 37081021 PMCID: PMC10119431 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There have been many reports on the genetic mechanism in rhesus macaques (RMs) for environmental adaptation to high altitudes, but the synergistic involvement of gut microbiota in this adaptation remains unclear. Here we performed fecal metagenomic and metabolomic studies on samples from high- and low-altitude populations to assess the synergistic role of gut microbiota in the adaptation of RMs to high-altitude environments. Microbiota taxonomic annotation yielded 7471 microbiota species. There were 37 bacterial species whose abundance was significantly enriched in the high-altitude populations, 16 of which were previously reported to be related to the host's dietary digestion and energy metabolism. Further functional gene enrichment found a stronger potential for gut microbiota to synthesize energy substrate acetyl-CoA using CO2 and energy substrate pyruvate using oxaloacetate, as well as a stronger potential to transform acetyl-CoA to energy substrate acetate in high-altitude populations. Interestingly, there were no apparent differences between low-altitude and high-altitude populations in terms of genes enriched in the main pathways by which the microbiota consumed the three energy substrates, and none of the three energy substrates were detected in the fecal metabolites. These results strongly suggest that gut microbiota plays an important energy compensatory role that helps RMs to adapt to high-altitude environments. Further functional enrichment after metabolite source analysis indicated the abundance of metabolites related to the degradation of exogenous toxins was also significantly higher in high-altitude populations, which suggested a contributory role of gut microbiota to the degradation of exogenous toxins in wild RMs adapted to high-altitude environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsong Zhao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, 657000, China
| | - Yongfang Yao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Diyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hongtao Xiao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Meng Xie
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Jiayun Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China
| | - Qingyong Ni
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mingwang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Huailiang Xu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, China.
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15
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Vallianou NG, Kounatidis D, Tsilingiris D, Panagopoulos F, Christodoulatos GS, Evangelopoulos A, Karampela I, Dalamaga M. The Role of Next-Generation Probiotics in Obesity and Obesity-Associated Disorders: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076755. [PMID: 37047729 PMCID: PMC10095285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and obesity-associated disorders pose a major public health issue worldwide. Apart from conventional weight loss drugs, next-generation probiotics (NGPs) seem to be very promising as potential preventive and therapeutic agents against obesity. Candidate NGPs such as Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Anaerobutyricum hallii, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides coprocola, Parabacteroides distasonis, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, Hafnia alvei, Odoribacter laneus and Christensenella minuta have shown promise in preclinical models of obesity and obesity-associated disorders. Proposed mechanisms include the modulation of gut flora and amelioration of intestinal dysbiosis, improvement of intestinal barrier function, reduction in chronic low-grade inflammation and modulation of gut peptide secretion. Akkermansia muciniphila and Hafnia alvei have already been administered in overweight/obese patients with encouraging results. However, safety issues and strict regulations should be constantly implemented and updated. In this review, we aim to explore (1) current knowledge regarding NGPs; (2) their utility in obesity and obesity-associated disorders; (3) their safety profile; and (4) their therapeutic potential in individuals with overweight/obesity. More large-scale, multicentric and longitudinal studies are mandatory to explore their preventive and therapeutic potential against obesity and its related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G. Vallianou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou Street, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kounatidis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou Street, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsilingiris
- First Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Fotis Panagopoulos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos General Hospital, 45-47 Ipsilantou Street, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Socrates Christodoulatos
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Microbiology, Sismanogleio General Hospital, 1 Sismanogleiou Street, 15126 Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Evangelopoulos
- Roche Hellas Diagnostics S.A., 18-20 Amarousiou-Chalandriou Street, 15125 Athens, Greece
| | - Irene Karampela
- 2nd Department of Critical Care, Medical School, University of Athens, Attikon General University Hospital, 1 Rimini Street, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Dalamaga
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
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16
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Zhu CH, Li YX, Xu YC, Wang NN, Yan QJ, Jiang ZQ. Tamarind Xyloglucan Oligosaccharides Attenuate Metabolic Disorders via the Gut-Liver Axis in Mice with High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obesity. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071382. [PMID: 37048202 PMCID: PMC10093524 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional oligosaccharides exert obesity-reducing effects by acting at various pathological sites responsible for the development of obesity. In this study, tamarind xyloglucan oligosaccharides (TXOS) were used to attenuate metabolic disorders via the gut-liver axis in mice with high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity, as determined through LC/MS-MS and 16S rRNA sequencing technology. A TXOS dose equivalent to 0.39 g/kg/day in humans restored the gut microbiota in obese mice, which was in part supported by the key microflora, particularly Bifidobacterium pseudolongum. Moreover, TXOS reduced the abundance of opportunistic pathogen species, such as Klebsiella variicola and Romboutsia ilealis. The bodyweight and weight gain of TXOS-treated (4.8 g/kg per day) mice began to decrease at the 14th week, decreasing by 12.8% and 23.3%, respectively. Sixteen fatty acids were identified as potential biomarkers in the liver, and B. pseudolongum and caprylic acid were found to tightly regulate each other. This was associated with reduced inflammation in the liver, circulation, and adipose tissue and protection from metabolic disorders. The findings of this study indicate that TXOS can significantly increase the gut microbiota diversity of obese mice and restore the HFD-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan-Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yun-Cong Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan-Nan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiao-Juan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Food Bioengineering (China National Light Industry), College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zheng-Qiang Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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17
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Bastings JJAJ, Venema K, Blaak EE, Adam TC. Influence of the gut microbiota on satiety signaling. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:243-255. [PMID: 36870872 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies show a link between the gut microbiota and the regulation of satiety and energy intake, processes that contribute to the development and pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. However, this link is predominantly established in animal and in vitro studies, whereas human intervention studies are scarce. In this review we focus on recent evidence linking satiety and the gut microbiome, with specific emphasis on gut microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Based on a systematic search we provide an overview of human studies linking the intake of prebiotics with gut microbial alterations and satiety signaling. Our outcomes highlight the importance of in-depth examination of the gut microbiota in relation to satiety and provide insights into recent and future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacco J A J Bastings
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University, Campus Venlo, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Tanja C Adam
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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18
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Tong M, Yang X, Liu H, Ge H, Huang G, Kang X, Yang H, Liu Q, Ren P, Kuang X, Yan H, Shen X, Qiao Y, Kang Y, Li L, Yang Y, Fan W. The Trichinella spiralis-derived antigens alleviate HFD-induced obesity and inflammation in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109924. [PMID: 36848791 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, an increasingly prevalent disease worldwide, is accompanied by chronic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis. Helminth infections have been increasingly proved to exhibit a protective role in several inflammation-associated diseases. Considering the side effects of live parasite therapy, efforts have been made to develop helminth-derived antigens as promising candidates with fewer adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and mechanisms of TsAg (T. spiralis-derived antigens) on obesity and the associated inflammation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet or HFD with or without TsAg treatment. The results reported that TsAg treatment alleviated body weight gain and chronic inflammation induced by HFD. In the adipose tissue, TsAg treatment prevented macrophage infiltration, reduced the expression of Th1-type (IFN-γ) and Th17-type (IL-17A) cytokines while upregulating the production of Th2-type (IL-4) cytokines. Furthermore, TsAg treatment enhanced brown adipose tissue activation and energy and lipid metabolism and reduced intestinal dysbiosis, intestinal barrier permeability and LPS/TLR4 axis inflammation. Finally, the protective role of TsAg against obesity was transmissible via the fecal microbiota transplantation approach. For the first time, our findings showed that TsAg alleviated HFD-induced obesity and inflammation via modulation of the gut microbiota and balancing the immune disorders, suggesting that TsAg might be a safer promising therapeutic strategy for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Tong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Xiaodan Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Huihui Ge
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Guangrong Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xing Kang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Qingqing Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Peng Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xiaoyu Kuang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Huan Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xiaorong Shen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yuyu Qiao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yongbo Kang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Weiping Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Jinzhong 030619, China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, and Shanxi Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Taiyuan 030001, China.
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Fu L, Wang L, Liu L, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Zhou Y, Wang G, Loor JJ, Zhou P, Dong X. Effects of inoculation with active microorganisms derived from adult goats on growth performance, gut microbiota and serum metabolome in newborn lambs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1128271. [PMID: 36860489 PMCID: PMC9969556 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1128271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of inoculation with adult goat ruminal fluid on growth, health, gut microbiota and serum metabolism in lambs during the first 15 days of life. Twenty four Youzhou dark newborn lambs were selected and randomly distributed across 3 treatments (n = 8/group): autoclaved goat milk inoculated with 20 mL sterilized normal saline (CON), autoclaved goat milk inoculated with 20 mL fresh ruminal fluid (RF) and autoclaved goat milk inoculated with 20 mL autoclaved ruminal fluid (ARF). Results showed that RF inoculation was more effective at promoting recovery of body weight. Compared with CON, greater serum concentrations of ALP, CHOL, HDL and LAC in the RF group suggested a better health status in lambs. The relative abundance of Akkermansia and Escherichia-Shigella in gut was lower in the RF group, whereas the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group tended to increase. Metabolomics analysis shown that RF stimulated the metabolism of bile acids, small peptides, fatty acids and Trimethylamine-N-Oxide, which were found the correlation relationship with gut microorganisms. Overall, our study demonstrated that ruminal fluid inoculation with active microorganisms had a beneficial impact on growth, health and overall metabolism partly through modulating the gut microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fu
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Liaochuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Liu
- Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaofu Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan J. Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Peng Zhou
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Peng Zhou, ; Xianwen Dong,
| | - Xianwen Dong
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Peng Zhou, ; Xianwen Dong,
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Liu H, Yan C, Hao C, Wang D, Liu Y, Luo ZB, Han SZ, Wang JX, Li D, Zhu J, Chang SY, Yang LH, Lin X, Yan C, Kang JD, Quan LH. Dynamic changes in intestinal microbiota and metabolite composition of pre-weaned beef calves. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105991. [PMID: 36649780 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbes and their metabolites are essential for maintaining host health and production. The intestinal microflora of pre-weaned calves gradually tends to mature with growth and development and has high plasticity, but few studies have explored the dynamic changes of intestinal microbiota and metabolites in pre-weaned beef calves. In this study, we tracked the dynamics of faecal microbiota in 13 new-born calves by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and analysed changes in faecal amino acid levels using metabolomics. Calves were divided into the relatively high average daily gain group (HA) and the relatively low average daily gain group (LA) for comparison. The results demonstrated that the alpha diversity of the faecal microbiota increased with calf growth and development. The abundance of Porphyromonadaceae bacterium DJF B175 increased in the HA group, while that of Lactobacillus reuteri decreased. The results of the LEfSe analysis showed that the microbiota of faeces of HA calves at eight weeks of age was enriched with P. bacterium DJF B175, while Escherichia coli and L. reuteri were enriched in the microbiota of faeces of LA calves. Besides, the total amino acid concentration decreased significantly in the eighth week compared with that in the first week (P < 0.05). Overall, even under the same management conditions, microorganisms and their metabolites interact to play different dynamic regulatory roles. Our results provide new insights into changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites of pre-weaned calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Liu
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China; Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Chunri Yan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Chunyun Hao
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Danqi Wang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Yize Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Zhao-Bo Luo
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Sheng-Zhong Han
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Jun-Xia Wang
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China; Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Dongxu Li
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Shuang-Yan Chang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Liu-Hui Yang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Xuemei Lin
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Changguo Yan
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China; Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Jin-Dan Kang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
| | - Lin-Hu Quan
- Engineering Research Center of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China; College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, China.
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He G, Chen T, Huang L, Zhang Y, Feng Y, Qu S, Yin X, Liang L, Yan J, Liu W. Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide reduces obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice by modulation of gut microbiota. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1073350. [PMID: 36545204 PMCID: PMC9760882 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1073350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic disease associated with gut microbiota and low-grade chronic inflammation. Tremella fuciformis is a medicinal and edible fungus; polysaccharide (TP) is the main active component, which has a variety of biological activities, such as hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic. However, the anti-obesity effects and potential mechanisms of TP have never been reported. This study was conducted to elucidate the inhibitory effect of TP on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. Mice were split into five groups: normal chow diet (NCD) group, NCD_TP_H group, HFD group, HFD_TP_L group and HFD_TP_H group. Our study showed that TP inhibited high-fat diet-induced weight gain and fat accumulation in mice and reduced blood glucose, hyperlipidemia and inflammation. TP also improved gut microbiota disorders by reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and modulating the relative abundance of specific gut microbiota. We also found that the anti-obesity and gut microbiota-modulating effects of TP could be transferred to HFD-fed mice via faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), confirming that the gut microbiota was one of the targets of TP for obesity inhibition. Further studies showed that TP increased the production of short-chain fatty acids and the secretion of intestinal hormones. Our studies showed that TP inhibited obesity by modulating inflammation and the microbe-gut-brain axis, providing a rationale for developing TP to treat obesity and its complications.
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Ma Y, Yang X, Hua G, Deng X, Xia T, Li X, Feng D, Deng X. Contribution of gut microbiomes and their metabolomes to the performance of Dorper and Tan sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1047744. [PMID: 36519177 PMCID: PMC9742522 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1047744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Livestock is an excellent source of high nutritional value protein for humans; breeding livestock is focused on improving meat productivity and quality. Dorper sheep is a distinguished breed with an excellent growth performance, while Tan sheep is a Chinese local breed famous for its delicious meat. Several studies have demonstrated that the composition of gut microbiome and metabolome modulate host phenotype. METHODS In the present study, we performed 16S amplicon sequencing and metabolomic analyses of the rumen and hindgut microbiome of 8-month-old Dorper and Tan sheep, raised under identical feeding and management conditions, to explore the potential effects of gut microbiome and its metabolites on growth performance and meat quality. RESULTS Our study identified Lactobacillus, a marker genus in the rumen, to be significantly associated with the levels of fumaric acid, nicotinic acid, and 2-deoxyadenosine (P-value < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed that nicotinic acid was significantly negatively correlated with body weight (P-value < 0.01), while 2-deoxyadenosine was significantly positively correlated with fatty acids content (P-value < 0.05). There was a biologically significant negative correlation between Phascolarctobacterium and deoxycytidine levels in the hindgut. Deoxycytidine was significantly positively correlated with body weight, protein, and amino acid content. Differences in rumen fermentation patterns that are distinctive among breeds were identified. Tan sheep mainly used Lactobacillus and fumaric acid-mediated pyruvic acid for energy supply, while Dorper sheep utilize glycogenic amino acids. The difference of iron metabolism in the hindgut of Dorper sheep affects lipid production, while Phascolarctobacterium in Tan sheep is related to roughage tolerance. The accumulation of nucleosides promotes the growth performance of Dorper sheep. CONCLUSION These findings provide insights into how the microbiome-metabolome-dependent mechanisms contribute to growth rate and fat contents in different breeds. This fundamental research is vital to identifying the dominant traits of breeds, improving growth rate and meat quality, and establishing principles for precision feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoying Hua
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaotian Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianlan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhai Li
- Department of Animal Science and College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dengzhen Feng
- Department of Animal Science and College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xuemei Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Indolepropionic Acid, a Gut Bacteria-Produced Tryptophan Metabolite and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214695. [PMID: 36364957 PMCID: PMC9653718 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An intricate relationship between gut microbiota, diet, and the human body has recently been extensively investigated. Gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites, especially, tryptophan derivatives, modulate metabolic and immune functions in health and disease. One of the tryptophan derivatives, indolepropionic acid (IPA), is increasingly being studied as a marker for the onset and development of metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The IPA levels heavily depend on the diet, particularly dietary fiber, and show huge variations among individuals. We suggest that these variations could partially be explained using genetic variants known to be associated with specific diseases such as T2D. In this narrative review, we elaborate on the beneficial effects of IPA in the mitigation of T2D and NAFLD, and further study the putative interactions between IPA and well-known genetic variants (TCF7L2, FTO, and PPARG), known to be associated with the risk of T2D. We have investigated the long-term preventive value of IPA in the development of T2D in the Finnish prediabetic population and the correlation of IPA with phytosterols in obese individuals from an ongoing Kuopio obesity surgery study. The diversity in IPA-linked mechanisms affecting glucose metabolism and liver fibrosis makes it a unique small metabolite and a promising candidate for the reversal or management of metabolic disorders, mainly T2D and NAFLD.
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Les approches thérapeutiques non invasives de l’obésité : hier, aujourd’hui et demain. NUTR CLIN METAB 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yuan R, Yang L, Yao G, Geng S, Ge Q, Bo S, Li X. Features of gut microbiota in patients with anorexia nervosa. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1993-2002. [PMID: 36191590 PMCID: PMC9746762 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychological disorder, which is characterized by the misunderstanding of body image, food restriction, and low body weight. An increasing number of studies have reported that the pathophysiological mechanism of AN might be associated with the dysbiosis of gut microbiota. The purpose of our study was to explore the features of gut microbiota in patients with AN, hoping to provide valuable information on its pathogenesis and treatment. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, from August 2020 to June 2021, patients with AN who were admitted into Peking University Third Hospital and Peking University Sixth Hospital ( n = 30) were recruited as the AN group, and healthy controls (HC) were recruited from a middle school and a university in Beijing ( n = 30). Demographic data, Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) scores of the two groups, and length of stay of the AN group were recorded. Microbial diversity analysis of gut microbiota in stool samples from the two groups was analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing. RESULTS The weight (AN vs. HC, [39.31 ± 7.90] kg vs. [56.47 ± 8.88] kg, P < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI, AN vs. HC, [14.92 ± 2.54] kg/m 2vs. [20.89 ± 2.14] kg/m 2 , P < 0.001) of patients with AN were statistically significantly lower than those of HC, and HAMD scores in AN group were statistically significantly higher than those of HC. For alpha diversity, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups; for beta diversity, the two groups differed obviously regarding community composition. Compared to HC, the proportion of Lachnospiraceae in patients with AN was statistically significantly higher (AN vs. HC, 40.50% vs. 31.21%, Z = -1.981, P = 0.048), while that of Ruminococcaceae was lower (AN vs. HC, 12.17% vs. 19.15%, Z = -2.728, P = 0.007); the proportion of Faecalibacterium (AN vs. HC, 3.97% vs. 9.40%, Z = -3.638, P < 0.001) and Subdoligranulum (AN vs. HC, 4.60% vs. 7.02%, Z = -2.369, P = 0.018) were statistically significantly lower, while that of Eubacterium_hallii_group was significantly higher (AN vs. HC, 7.63% vs. 3.43%, Z = -2.115, P = 0.035). Linear discriminant effect (LEfSe) analysis (LDA score >3.5) showed that o_Lachnospirales, f_Lachnospiraceae, and g_Eubacterium_hallii_group (o, f and g represents order, family and genus respectively) were enriched in patients with AN. Microbial function of nutrient transport and metabolism in AN group were more abundant ( P > 0.05). In AN group, weight and BMI were significantly negatively correlated with the abundance of Bacteroidota and Bacteroides , while positively correlated with Subdoligranulum . BMI was significantly positively correlated with Firmicutes; HAMD scores were significantly negatively correlated with Faecalibacterium. CONCLUSIONS The composition of gut microbiota in patients with AN was different from that of healthy people. Clinical indicators have correlations with the abundance of gut microbiota in patients with AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxue Yuan
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Council Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gaiqi Yao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuxia Geng
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Council Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qinggang Ge
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shining Bo
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xueni Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, National Health Council Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100083, China
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Liu J, Tan Y, Cheng H, Zhang D, Feng W, Peng C. Functions of Gut Microbiota Metabolites, Current Status and Future Perspectives. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1106-1126. [PMID: 35855347 PMCID: PMC9286904 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota, a collection of microorganisms that live within gastrointestinal tract, provides crucial signaling metabolites for the physiological of hosts. In healthy state, gut microbiota metabolites are helpful for maintaining the basic functions of hosts, whereas disturbed production of these metabolites can lead to numerous diseases such as metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Although there are many reviews about the specific mechanisms of gut microbiota metabolites on specific diseases, there is no comprehensive summarization of the functions of these metabolites. In this Opinion, we discuss the knowledge of gut microbiota metabolites including the types of gut microbiota metabolites and their ways acting on targets. In addition, we summarize their physiological and pathologic functions in health and diseases, such as shaping the composition of gut microbiota and acting as nutrition. This paper can be helpful for understanding the roles of gut microbiota metabolites and thus provide guidance for developing suitable therapeutic strategies to combat microbial-driven diseases and improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yuzhu Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Dandan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Wuwen Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Prebiotics as a Tool for the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity and Diabetes: Classification and Ability to Modulate the Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116097. [PMID: 35682774 PMCID: PMC9181475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity are metabolic diseases that have become alarming conditions in recent decades. Their rate of increase is becoming a growing concern worldwide. Recent studies have established that the composition and dysfunction of the gut microbiota are associated with the development of diabetes. For this reason, strategies such as the use of prebiotics to improve intestinal microbial structure and function have become popular. Consumption of prebiotics for modulating the gut microbiota results in the production of microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids that play essential roles in reducing blood glucose levels, mitigating insulin resistance, reducing inflammation, and promoting the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 in the host, and this accounts for the observed remission of metabolic diseases. Prebiotics can be either naturally extracted from non-digestible carbohydrate materials or synthetically produced. In this review, we discussed current findings on how the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites may influence host metabolism to promote health. We provided evidence from various studies that show the ability of prebiotic consumption to alter gut microbial profile, improve gut microbial metabolism and functions, and improve host physiology to alleviate diabetes and obesity. We conclude among other things that the application of systems biology coupled with bioinformatics could be essential in ascertaining the exact mechanisms behind the prebiotic–gut microbe–host interactions required for diabetes and obesity improvement.
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28
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Huang J, Liu C, Yang Y, Kang D, Xiao J, Long Y, Lang B, Peng X, Wang W, Wang X, Liu F, Zhao J, Shi Z, Yuan TF, Wu R. The effects of probiotics plus dietary fiber on antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a randomized clinical trial. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:185. [PMID: 35508529 PMCID: PMC9068806 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01958-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics plus dietary fiber has demonstrated efficacy in improving metabolic abnormalities. However, the efficacy of probiotics and dietary fiber as well as their association with microbiota in attenuating antipsychotic-induced weight gain and metabolic disturbance remains poorly understood. Here we analyzed results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study to compare and evaluate the effects of probiotics, dietary fiber, and their combination for antipsychotic-induced weight gain in patients with a severe mental disorder. We found that probiotics plus dietary fiber was significantly superior to probiotics alone, dietary fiber only, and the placebo for weight, BMI, and total cholesterol reduction; insulin resistance was worse in the placebo group, with significant increases during the 12-week treatment; probiotics plus dietary fiber significantly reduced weight and prevented further deterioration of metabolic disturbances; and probiotics or dietary fiber alone can prevent further weight gain. We further performed 16 S ribosomal RNA sequencing revealed an increased abundance of microbiota after probiotics plus dietary fiber treatment. Moreover, logistic regression analyses revealed that the higher richness of microbiota was associated with favorable weight loss. These findings suggested that probiotics and dietary fiber co-administration were safe and effective interventions to reduce weight gain in patients treated with antipsychotic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Ye Yang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Dongyu Kang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jingmei Xiao
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Yujun Long
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Bing Lang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xingjie Peng
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Weiyan Wang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Fangkun Liu
- grid.452223.00000 0004 1757 7615Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Zhe Shi
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.488482.a0000 0004 1765 5169Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, 410208 Changsha, Hunan China ,grid.415630.50000 0004 1782 6212Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ti-Fei Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China. .,Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Renrong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Ahmad W, Khaliq S, Akhtar N, El Arab J, Akhtar K, Prakash S, Anwar MA, Munawar N. Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of a Novel Apilactobacillus Species from Giant Honeybee (Apis dorsata) Gut Reveals Occurrence of Genetic Elements Coding Prebiotic and Probiotic Traits. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050904. [PMID: 35630349 PMCID: PMC9147854 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Apilactobacillus spp. are classified as obligate fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) that inhabit fructose-rich niches such as honeybee gut. Lactic acid bacteria are an important component of the gut microbiome and play a crucial role in maintaining gut health. In this study, a new FLAB strain HBW1, capable of producing glucan-type exopolysaccharide, was isolated from giant honeybee (Apis dorsata) gut and subjected to whole genome sequencing (WHS) to determine its health-beneficial traits. The genome size of the isolate was 1.49 Mb with a GC content of 37.2%. For species level identity, 16S rDNA sequence similarity, genome to genome distance calculator (dDDH), and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were calculated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate HBW1 belongs to the Apilactobacillus genus. The dDDH and ANI values in comparison with closely clustered Apilactobacillus kunkeei species were 52% and 93.10%, respectively. Based on these values, we concluded that HBW1 is a novel species of Apilactobacillus, and we propose the name Apilactobacillus waqarii HBW1 for it. Further, WHS data mining of HBW1 revealed that it harbors two glucosyltransferase genes for prebiotic glucan-type exopolysaccharide synthesis. Moreover, chaperon (clp) and methionine sulfoxide reductase (msrA, msrB, and msrC) genes as well as nutritional marker genes for folic acid (folD) and riboflavin biosynthesis (rib operon), important for conferring probiotic properties, were also detected. Occurrence of these genetic traits make HBW1 an excellent candidate for application to improve gut function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Ahmad
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (N.A.); (K.A.)
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - Shazia Khaliq
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (N.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Nasrin Akhtar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (N.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Jamilah El Arab
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Kalsoom Akhtar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (N.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada;
| | - Munir A. Anwar
- Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (W.A.); (S.K.); (N.A.); (K.A.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (N.M.)
| | - Nayla Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (N.M.)
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30
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Ahmad W, Khaliq S, Akhtar N, El Arab J, Akhtar K, Prakash S, Anwar MA, Munawar N. Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of a Novel Apilactobacillus Species from Giant Honeybee (Apis dorsata) Gut Reveals Occurrence of Genetic Elements Coding Prebiotic and Probiotic Traits. Microorganisms 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10050904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Apilactobacillus spp. are classified as obligate fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB) that inhabit fructose-rich niches such as honeybee gut. Lactic acid bacteria are an important component of the gut microbiome and play a crucial role in maintaining gut health. In this study, a new FLAB strain HBW1, capable of producing glucan-type exopolysaccharide, was isolated from giant honeybee (Apis dorsata) gut and subjected to whole genome sequencing (WHS) to determine its health-beneficial traits. The genome size of the isolate was 1.49 Mb with a GC content of 37.2%. For species level identity, 16S rDNA sequence similarity, genome to genome distance calculator (dDDH), and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were calculated. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolate HBW1 belongs to the Apilactobacillus genus. The dDDH and ANI values in comparison with closely clustered Apilactobacillus kunkeei species were 52% and 93.10%, respectively. Based on these values, we concluded that HBW1 is a novel species of Apilactobacillus, and we propose the name Apilactobacillus waqarii HBW1 for it. Further, WHS data mining of HBW1 revealed that it harbors two glucosyltransferase genes for prebiotic glucan-type exopolysaccharide synthesis. Moreover, chaperon (clp) and methionine sulfoxide reductase (msrA, msrB, and msrC) genes as well as nutritional marker genes for folic acid (folD) and riboflavin biosynthesis (rib operon), important for conferring probiotic properties, were also detected. Occurrence of these genetic traits make HBW1 an excellent candidate for application to improve gut function.
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31
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Zhang Y, Sun L, Zhu R, Zhang S, Liu S, Wang Y, Wu Y, Xing S, Liao X, Mi J. Porcine gut microbiota in mediating host metabolic adaptation to cold stress. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:18. [PMID: 35383199 PMCID: PMC8983680 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a key role in host metabolic thermogenesis by activating UCP1 and increasing the browning process of white adipose tissue (WAT), especially in cold environments. However, the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the host, which lacks functional UCP1, making them susceptible to cold stress, has rarely been illustrated. We used male piglets as a model to evaluate the host response to cold stress via the gut microbiota (four groups: room temperature group, n = 5; cold stress group, n = 5; cold stress group with antibiotics, n = 5; room temperature group with antibiotics, n = 3). We found that host thermogenesis and insulin resistance increased the levels of serum metabolites such as glycocholic acid (GCA) and glycochenodeoxycholate acid (GCDCA) and altered the compositions and functions of the cecal microbiota under cold stress. The gut microbiota was characterized by increased levels of Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Muribaculaceae under cold stress. We found that piglets subjected to cold stress had increased expression of genes related to bile acid and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism in their liver and fat lipolysis genes in their fat. In addition, the fat lipolysis genes CLPS, PNLIPRP1, CPT1B, and UCP3 were significantly increased in the fat of piglets under cold stress. However, the use of antibiotics showed a weakened or strengthened cold tolerance phenotype, indicating that the gut microbiota plays important role in host thermogenesis. Our results demonstrate that the gut microbiota-blood-liver and fat axis may regulate thermogenesis during cold acclimation in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lan Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Run Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yinbao Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Sicheng Xing
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jiandui Mi
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide an overview of how person-specific interactions between diet and the gut microbiota could play a role in affecting diet-induced weight loss responses. The highly person-specific gut microbiota, which is shaped by our diet, secretes digestive enzymes and molecules that affect digestion in the colon. Therefore, weight loss responses could in part depend on personal colonic fermentation responses, which affect energy extraction of food and production of microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which exert various effects on host metabolism. Colonic fermentation is the net result of the complex interplay between availability of dietary substrates, the functional capacity of the gut microbiome and environmental (abiotic) factors in the gut such as pH and transit time. While animal studies have demonstrated that the gut microbiota can causally affect obesity, causal and mechanistic evidence from human studies is still largely lacking. However, recent human studies have proposed that the baseline gut microbiota composition may predict diet-induced weight loss-responses. In particular, individuals characterised by high relative abundance of Prevotella have been found to lose more weight on diets rich in dietary fibre compared to individuals with low Prevotella abundance. Although harnessing of personal diet-microbiota interactions holds promise for more personalised nutrition and obesity management strategies to improve human health, there is currently insufficient evidence to unequivocally link the gut microbiota and weight loss in human subjects. To move the field forward, a greater understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of personal diet-microbiota interactions is needed.
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Li X, Zhang B, Hu Y, Zhao Y. New Insights Into Gut-Bacteria-Derived Indole and Its Derivatives in Intestinal and Liver Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:769501. [PMID: 34966278 PMCID: PMC8710772 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.769501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between host and microorganism widely affects the immune and metabolic status. Indole and its derivatives are metabolites produced by the metabolism of tryptophan catalyzed by intestinal microorganisms. By activating nuclear receptors, regulating intestinal hormones, and affecting the biological effects of bacteria as signaling molecules, indole and its derivatives maintain intestinal homeostasis and impact liver metabolism and the immune response, which shows good therapeutic prospects. We reviewed recent studies on indole and its derivatives, including related metabolism, the influence of diets and intestinal commensal bacteria, and the targets and mechanisms in pathological conditions, especially progress in therapeutic strategies. New research insights into indoles will facilitate a better understanding of their druggability and application in intestinal and liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Liver and Kidney Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute of Liver Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Clinical Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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34
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Ma X, Hao C, Zhang Z, Jiang H, Zhang W, Huang J, Chen X, Yang W. Shenjinhuoxue Mixture Attenuates Inflammation, Pain, and Cartilage Degeneration by Inhibiting TLR-4 and NF- κB Activation in Rats with Osteoarthritis: A Synergistic Combination of Multitarget Active Phytochemicals. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4190098. [PMID: 34777686 PMCID: PMC8589511 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4190098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a highly prevalent chronic joint disease, involves a complex network of inflammatory mediators that not only triggers pain and cartilage degeneration but also accelerates disease progression. Traditional Chinese medicinal shenjinhuoxue mixture (SHM) shows anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects against OA with remarkable clinical efficacy. This study explored the mechanism underlying anti-OA properties of SHM and evaluated its efficacy and safety via in vivo experiments. Through network pharmacology and published literature, we identified the key active phytochemicals in SHM, including β-sitosterol, oleanolic acid, licochalcone A, quercetin, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, morusin, lupeol, and pinocembrin; the pivotal targets of which are TLR-4 and NF-κB, eliciting anti-OA activity. These phytochemicals can enter the active pockets of TLR-4 and NF-κB with docking score ≤ -3.86 kcal/mol, as shown in molecular docking models. By using surface plasmon resonance assay, licochalcone A and oleanolic acid were found to have good TLR-4-binding affinity. In OA rats, oral SHM at mid and high doses (8.72 g/kg and 26.2 g/kg) over 6 weeks significantly alleviated mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia (P < 0.0001). Accordingly, the expression of inflammatory mediators (TLR-4, interleukin (IL-) 1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), NF-κB-p65, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) α, IL-6, and IL-1β), receptor activator of the NF-κB ligand (RANKL), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in the synovial and cartilage tissue of OA rats was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Moreover, pathological observation illustrated amelioration of cartilage degeneration and joint injury. In chronic toxicity experiment of rats, SHM at 60 mg/kg demonstrated the safety. SHM had an anti-inflammatory effect through a synergistic combination of active phytochemicals to attenuate pain and cartilage degeneration by inhibiting TLR-4 and NF-κB activation. This study provided the experimental foundation for the development of SHM into a more effective dosage form or new drugs for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxia Hao
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaokang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiting Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weixia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanhua Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Effect of Huanglian Decoction on the Intestinal Microbiome in Stress Ulcer (SU) Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:3087270. [PMID: 34603467 PMCID: PMC8483906 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3087270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Stress ulcer (SU) is a serious gastrointestinal mucosal lesion under acute stress. Huanglian decoction is a famous traditional Chinese medicine prescription, which has been used to treat digestive system diseases for thousands of years. Many clinical cases have proved that Huanglian decoction has a good effect on SU. Some studies have shown that the intestinal bacteria will be changed accordingly when the gastrointestinal mucosa is damaged. However, there are few published reports on the effect of the intestinal microbiome with SU mice that were treated by Huanglian decoction. In this study, we investigated the effect of the fecal microbiome in mice with SU by the 16S rDNA sequencing technology. Methods Male KM mice were induced by cold-restraint stress except for the normal control group and then treated by Huanglian decoction (Group HD) and Esomeprazole magnesium solution (Group ES) separately for 7 days. 16S rDNA sequencing technology analysis was applied to evaluate the changes of bacterial flora in mice feces. And, histopathological methods and molecular biological detection methods were also performed. Results Huanglian decoction could help to repair the gastric mucosal injury and regulate the relative content of TNF-α and IL-1β. Moreover, Huanglian decoction could increase the relative abundance of intestinal probiotics in the intestine of mice with SU, especially in Verrucomicrobiae and Akkermansia. Conclusions Huanglian decoction might effectively promote the repair of gastrointestinal mucosal injury and regulate the number and species of intestinal bacteria to maintain the stability of gastrointestinal microecology.
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36
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Ye P, Zhang X, Xu Y, Xu J, Song X, Yao K. Alterations of the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:667632. [PMID: 34566901 PMCID: PMC8457552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.667632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) has been reported to associate with gut microbiota alterations in murine models and thus “gut-retina-axis” has been proposed. However, the role of gut microbiome and the associated metabolism in DR patients still need to be elucidated. In this study, we collected fecal samples from 45 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and 90 matched diabetic patients (1:2 according to age, sex, and duration of diabetes) without DR (NDR) and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics. We observed significantly lower bacterial diversity in the PDR group than that in the NDR group. Differential gut bacterial composition was also found, with significant depletion of 22 families (e.g., Coriobacteriaceae, Veillonellaceae, and Streptococcaceae) and enrichment of two families (Burkholderiaceae and Burkholderiales_unclassified) in the PDR group as compared with the NDR group. There were significantly different fecal metabolic features, which were enriched in metabolic pathways such as arachidonic acid and microbial metabolism, between the two groups. Among 36 coabundance metabolite clusters, 11 were positively/negatively contributed to PDR using logistic regression analysis. Fifteen gut microbial families were significantly correlated with the 11 metabolite clusters. Furthermore, a fecal metabolite-based classifier was constructed to distinguish PDR patients from NDR patients accurately. In conclusion, PDR is associated with reduced diversity and altered composition of gut microbiota and specific microbe-metabolite interplay. Our findings help to better understand the disease pathogenesis and provide novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets for PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Ye
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Eye Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyou Zhang
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Eye Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Eye Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Eye Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Roubalova R, Prochazkova P, Dvorak J, Hill M, Papezova H, Kreisinger J, Bulant J, Lambertova A, Holanova P, Bilej M, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H. Altered Serum Immunological and Biochemical Parameters and Microbiota Composition in Patients With AN During Realimentation. Front Nutr 2021; 8:680870. [PMID: 34409061 PMCID: PMC8365021 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.680870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a life-threatening psychiatric disorder with not well-described pathogenesis. Besides the genetic and sociological factors, autoimmunity is also considered to take part in AN pathogenesis. We evaluated general serological factors showing the physiological state of 59 patients with AN at hospital admission and their discharge. We detected the altered levels of some general biochemical and immunological parameters. We also detected decreased levels of appetite-regulating alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in patients at hospital admission. Moreover, elevated anti-α-MSH IgM levels and decreased anti-α-MSH IgA levels were observed in patients with AN. Therefore, we analyzed the gut microbiota composition with special focus on α-MSH antigen-mimetic containing microbes from the Enterobacteriaceae family. We correlated gut bacterial composition with anti-α-MSH Ig levels and detected decreasing IgG levels with increasing alpha diversity. The upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α were detected in patients with AN both prior and after hospitalization. We also evaluated the treatment outcome and improvement was observed in the majority of patients with AN. We provide new data about various serum biochemical parameters and their changes during the patients' hospitalization, with emphasis on the immune system, and its possible participation in AN pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Roubalova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Prochazkova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Hill
- Department of Steroids and Proteohormones, Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Papezova
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jakub Kreisinger
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Josef Bulant
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Paediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Alena Lambertova
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Holanova
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Bilej
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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Han H, Yi B, Zhong R, Wang M, Zhang S, Ma J, Yin Y, Yin J, Chen L, Zhang H. From gut microbiota to host appetite: gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key regulators. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:162. [PMID: 34284827 PMCID: PMC8293578 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01093-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Feelings of hunger and satiety are the key determinants for maintaining the life of humans and animals. Disturbed appetite control may disrupt the metabolic health of the host and cause various metabolic disorders. A variety of factors have been implicated in appetite control, including gut microbiota, which develop the intricate interactions to manipulate the metabolic requirements and hedonic feelings. Gut microbial metabolites and components act as appetite-related signaling molecules to regulate appetite-related hormone secretion and the immune system, or act directly on hypothalamic neurons. Herein, we summarize the effects of gut microbiota on host appetite and consider the potential molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, we propose that the manipulation of gut microbiota represents a clinical therapeutic potential for lessening the development and consequence of appetite-related disorders. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Han
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Passage de Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Bao Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shunfen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Déchelotte P, Breton J, Trotin-Picolo C, Grube B, Erlenbeck C, Bothe G, Fetissov SO, Lambert G. The Probiotic Strain H. alvei HA4597 ® Improves Weight Loss in Overweight Subjects under Moderate Hypocaloric Diet: A Proof-of-Concept, Multicenter Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061902. [PMID: 34205871 PMCID: PMC8227740 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence supports the role of the gut microbiota in the control of body weight and feeding behavior. Moreover, recent studies have reported that the probiotic strain Hafnia alvei HA4597® (HA), which produces the satietogenic peptide ClpB mimicking the effect of alpha-MSH, reduced weight gain and adiposity in rodent models of obesity. Methods: To investigate the clinical efficacy of HA, 236 overweight subjects were included, after written informed consent, in a 12-week prospective, double-blind, randomized study. All subjects received standardized counselling for a −20% hypocaloric diet and were asked to maintain their usual physical activity. Subjects of the HA group received two capsules per day providing 100 billion bacteria per day and subjects in the Placebo (P) group received two placebo capsules. The primary endpoint was the percentage of subjects achieving a weight loss of at least 3% after 12 weeks. Intention-to-treat statistical analysis was performed using exact-Fischer, Mann-Whitney and paired-Wilcoxon tests as appropriate. Results: In the HA group, significantly more subjects (+33%) met the primary endpoint than in the P group (54.9 vs. 41.4%, p = 0.048). In the HA group, an increased feeling of fullness (p = 0.009) and a greater loss of hip circumference (p < 0.001) at 12 weeks were also observed. Fasting glycemia at 12 weeks was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the HA compared to P group. Clinical and biological tolerance was good in both groups. Conclusions: A 12-week treatment with the probiotic strain H. alvei HA4597® significantly improves weight loss, feeling of fullness and reduction of hip circumference in overweight subjects following moderate hypocaloric diet. These data support the use of H. alvei HA4597® in the global management of excess weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Déchelotte
- Inserm UMR 1073, 76000 Rouen, France;
- Nutrition Department, University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Biology, Rouen Normandy University, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jonathan Breton
- Inserm UMR 1073, 76000 Rouen, France;
- Nutrition Department, University Hospital, 76000 Rouen, France
- Department of Biology, Rouen Normandy University, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
| | | | - Barbara Grube
- Practice for General Medicine, 12169 Berlin, Germany;
| | | | - Gordana Bothe
- Analyze & Realize GmbH, 13467 Berlin, Germany; (C.E.); (G.B.)
| | - Sergueï O. Fetissov
- Department of Biology, Rouen Normandy University, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France;
- Inserm UMR 1239, 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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The Microbiota and the Gut-Brain Axis in Controlling Food Intake and Energy Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115830. [PMID: 34072450 PMCID: PMC8198395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity currently represents a major societal and health challenge worldwide. Its prevalence has reached epidemic proportions and trends continue to rise, reflecting the need for more effective preventive measures. Hypothalamic circuits that control energy homeostasis in response to food intake are interesting targets for body-weight management, for example, through interventions that reinforce the gut-to-brain nutrient signalling, whose malfunction contributes to obesity. Gut microbiota-diet interactions might interfere in nutrient sensing and signalling from the gut to the brain, where the information is processed to control energy homeostasis. This gut microbiota-brain crosstalk is mediated by metabolites, mainly short chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids or amino acids-derived metabolites and subcellular bacterial components. These activate gut-endocrine and/or neural-mediated pathways or pass to systemic circulation and then reach the brain. Feeding time and dietary composition are the main drivers of the gut microbiota structure and function. Therefore, aberrant feeding patterns or unhealthy diets might alter gut microbiota-diet interactions and modify nutrient availability and/or microbial ligands transmitting information from the gut to the brain in response to food intake, thus impairing energy homeostasis. Herein, we update the scientific evidence supporting that gut microbiota is a source of novel dietary and non-dietary biological products that may beneficially regulate gut-to-brain communication and, thus, improve metabolic health. Additionally, we evaluate how the feeding time and dietary composition modulate the gut microbiota and, thereby, the intraluminal availability of these biological products with potential effects on energy homeostasis. The review also identifies knowledge gaps and the advances required to clinically apply microbiome-based strategies to improve the gut-brain axis function and, thus, combat obesity.
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Effects of Microbiota Imbalance in Anxiety and Eating Disorders: Probiotics as Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052351. [PMID: 33652962 PMCID: PMC7956573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and eating disorders produce a physiological imbalance that triggers alterations in the abundance and composition of gut microbiota. Moreover, the gut–brain axis can be altered by several factors such as diet, lifestyle, infections, and antibiotic treatment. Diet alterations generate gut dysbiosis, which affects immune system responses, inflammation mechanisms, the intestinal permeability, as well as the production of short chain fatty acids and neurotransmitters by gut microbiota, which are essential to the correct function of neurological processes. Recent studies indicated that patients with generalized anxiety or eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorders) show a specific profile of gut microbiota, and this imbalance can be partially restored after a single or multi-strain probiotic supplementation. Following the PRISMA methodology, the current review addresses the main microbial signatures observed in patients with generalized anxiety and/or eating disorders as well as the importance of probiotics as a preventive or a therapeutic tool in these pathologies.
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Qi M, Tan B, Wang J, Liao S, Deng Y, Ji P, Song T, Zha A, Yin Y. The microbiota-gut-brain axis: A novel nutritional therapeutic target for growth retardation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4867-4892. [PMID: 33523720 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1879004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Growth retardation (GR), which commonly occurs in childhood, is a major health concern globally. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. It has been increasingly recognized that changes in the gut microbiota may lead to GR through affecting the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Microbiota interacts with multiple factors such as birth to affect the growth of individuals. Microbiota communicates with the nerve system through chemical signaling (direct entry into the circulation system or stimulation of enteroendocrine cells) and nervous signaling (interaction with enteric nerve system and vagus nerve), which modulates appetite and immune response. Besides, they may also influence the function of enteric glial cells or lymphocytes and levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines. Environmental stress may cause leaky gut through perturbing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to further result in GR. Nutritional therapies involving probiotics and pre-/postbiotics are being investigated for helping the patients to overcome GR. In this review, we summarize the role of microbiota in GR with human and animal models. Then, existing and potential regulatory mechanisms are reviewed, especially the effect of microbiota-gut-brain axis. Finally, we propose nutritional therapeutic strategies for GR by the intervention of microbiota-gut-brain axis, which may provide novel perspectives for the treatment of GR in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bie Tan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Simeng Liao
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuankun Deng
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Tongxing Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Andong Zha
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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García-Cabrerizo R, Carbia C, O Riordan KJ, Schellekens H, Cryan JF. Microbiota-gut-brain axis as a regulator of reward processes. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1495-1524. [PMID: 33368280 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our gut harbours trillions of microorganisms essential for the maintenance of homeostasis and host physiology in health and disease. In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in understanding the bidirectional pathway of communication between our microbiota and the central nervous system. With regard to reward processes there is accumulating evidence from both animal and human studies that this axis may be a key factor in gating reward valence. Focusing on the mesocorticolimbic pathway, we will discuss how the intestinal microbiota is involved in regulating brain reward functions, both in natural (i.e. eating, social or sexual behaviours) and non-natural reinforcers (drug addiction behaviours including those relevant to alcohol, psychostimulants, opioids and cannabinoids). We will integrate preclinical and clinical evidence suggesting that the microbiota-gut-brain axis could be implicated in the development of disorders associated with alterations in the reward system and how it may be targeted as a promising therapeutic strategy. Cover Image for this issue: https://doi.org/10.1111/jnc.15065.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carina Carbia
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Harriet Schellekens
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Gheorghe CE, Ritz NL, Martin JA, Wardill HR, Cryan JF, Clarke G. Investigating causality with fecal microbiota transplantation in rodents: applications, recommendations and pitfalls. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1941711. [PMID: 34328058 PMCID: PMC8331043 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1941711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, studies investigating the role of the gut microbiota in health and diseases have increased enormously - making it essential to deepen and question the research methodology employed. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in rodent studies (either from human or animal donors) allows us to better understand the causal role of the intestinal microbiota across multiple fields. However, this technique lacks standardization and requires careful experimental design in order to obtain optimal results. By comparing several studies in which rodents are the final recipients of FMT, we summarize the common practices employed. In this review, we document the limitations of this method and highlight different parameters to be considered while designing FMT Studies. Standardizing this method is challenging, as it differs according to the research topic, but avoiding common pitfalls is feasible. Several methodological questions remain unanswered to this day and we offer a discussion on issues to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra E. Gheorghe
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Nathaniel L. Ritz
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jason A. Martin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hannah R. Wardill
- Precision Medicine, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John F. Cryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Bajaj JS, Shamsaddini A, Fagan A, McGeorge S, Gavis E, Sikaroodi M, Brenner LA, Wade JB, Gillevet PM. Distinct gut microbial compositional and functional changes associated with impaired inhibitory control in patients with cirrhosis. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1953247. [PMID: 34346283 PMCID: PMC8344770 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1953247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most cirrhosis etiologies, such as alcohol, hepatitis C, and obesity, involve behavior that require the loss of inhibitory control. Once cirrhosis develops, patients can also develop cognitive impairment due to minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE). Both processes could have distinct imprints on the gut-liver-brain axis. Determine the impact of inhibitory control versus traditional cirrhosis-related cognitive performance on gut microbial composition and function. Outpatients with cirrhosis underwent two tests for MHE: inhibitory control test (MHEICT, computerized associated with response inhibition) and psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (MHEPHES, paper-pencil HE-specific associated with subcortical impairment) along with stool collection for metagenomics. MHEICT/not, MHEPHES/not, and discordant (positive on one test but negative on the other) were analyzed for demographics, bacterial species, and gut-brain modules (GBM) using multi-variable analyses. Ninety-seven patients [47 (49%) MHEPHES, 76 (78%) MHEICT, 41 discordant] were enrolled. MHEPHES/not: Cirrhosis severity was worse in MHEPHES without differences in alpha/beta diversity on bacterial species or GBMs. Pathobionts (Enterobacteriaceae) and γ-amino-butryic acid (GABA) synthesis GBM were higher in MHEPHES. MHEICT/not: We found similar cirrhosis severity and metagenomic alpha/beta diversity in MHEICT versus not. However, alpha/beta diversity of GBMs were different in MHEICT versus No-MHE patients. Alistipes ihumii, Prevotella copri, and Eubacterium spp. were higher, while Enterococcus spp. were uniquely lower in MHEICT versus no-MHE and discordant comparisons. GBMs belonging to tryptophan, menaquinone, GABA, glutamate, and short-chain fatty acid synthesis were also unique to MHEICT. Gut microbial signature of impaired inhibitory control, which is associated with addictive disorders that can lead to cirrhosis, is distinct from cirrhosis-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmohan S Bajaj
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Andrew Fagan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara McGeorge
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Edith Gavis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and Richmond VA Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Lisa A. Brenner
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, & Neurology, VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, Colorado, and University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - James B Wade
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Yang J, Huang K, Wang J, Wu D, Liu Z, Yu P, Wei Z, Chen F. Combined Use of Bacillus subtilis yb-114,246 and Bacillus licheniformis yb-214,245 Improves Body Growth Performance of Chinese Huainan Partridge Shank Chickens by Enhancing Intestinal Digestive Profiles. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:327-342. [PMID: 32783087 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09691-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to unveil the promoting function of compound Bacillus sp. in improving chicken digestion-induced higher body growth performance. Strains of Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis were jointly supplemented to the chick diet. Digestive enzyme activities in the digesta improved, development of intestinal villus enhanced, and duodenum and ileum villous height increased, while their crypt depth declined, and the cecum's bacterial composition optimized after 56 days of supplementation. Bacterial composition at the phylum level changed significantly, more Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Epsilonbacteraeota, and Tenericutes, but fewer Bacteroidetes were detected in cecum digesta in the compound Bacillus supplemented group. Bacterial composition diversity, which improves the abundances of metabolic genes through KEGG pathway classification, became more abundant. Results indicated that the Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, and unclassified Lachnospiraceae species are actively correlated with body growth, promoting higher final body weight. In conclusion, owing to digestive enzyme secretion, the development of intestinal villus was stimulated and gastrointestinal bacterial composition optimized, and two combined Bacillus sp. improved chicken body growth. Our findings show the promoting action of Bacillus subtilis and B. licheniformis on digestion, which can be an alternative to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Yang
- The College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Science, No. 40 of NongKe South of Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Science, No. 40 of NongKe South of Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China
| | - Zongliang Liu
- Hefei Zhien Biotechnology Company Limited, National University Science Park, No.602 of Huangshan Road, Hefei, 230031, Anhui Province, China
| | - Pengcheng Yu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhanyong Wei
- The College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Fu Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Molfino A, Amabile MI, Imbimbo G, Emiliani A, Ramaccini C, Lahaye E, Takagi K, Fetissov SO. Plasma enterobacterial ClpB levels and ClpB- and α-MSH-reactive immunoglobulins in lung cancer patients with and without anorexia. Nutrition 2020; 78:110952. [PMID: 32866900 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anorexia represents a common and debilitating clinical problem in patients with several forms of cancer, in particular lung cancer, but its mechanisms are not completely understood. Recently, the caseinolytic-protease-B (ClpB) homologue protein, produced by common gut bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, was identified as an antigen-mimetic of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), an anorexigenic neuropeptide. ClpB was previously detected in human plasma and displayed satietogenic properties; however, its possible relevance to cancer anorexia has not yet been investigated. METHODS To address this question, we analyzed plasma ClpB concentrations as well as levels and affinities of anti-ClpB and α-MSH-reactive antibodies in patients with lung cancer with and without anorexia as compared with body mass index-matched healthy controls with normal appetite. RESULTS We found that plasma ClpB concentrations were significantly lower in non-anorexic patients with cancer than those of the control group (P = 0.028). In contrast, patients with cancer and anorexia had lower levels of anti-ClpB immunoglobulins (Ig)M (P < 0.0001) and of both α-MSH IgM and IgG (P < 0.05) with respect to controls. Moreover, in patients with cancer and anorexia, anti-ClpB IgG showed a trend of lower affinities compared with non-anorexic patients (P = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results revealed a reduced humoral immune response to ClpB in patients with cancer and anorexia, which may lead to an enhanced satietogenic effect of this enterobacterial protein contributing to the mechanisms of reduced appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Molfino
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Ida Amabile
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Imbimbo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Emiliani
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathologic Sciences, Division of Medical Oncology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesarina Ramaccini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilie Lahaye
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Kuniko Takagi
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, Rouen, France
| | - Sergueï O Fetissov
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie University, Rouen, France
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