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Omada JI, Ogoko EC, Kelle HI, Gideon YB. Heavy metal pollution indices in soil and plants within the vicinity of the Gosa Dumpsite in Abuja, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:223. [PMID: 38849582 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in the soil and phytoremediation potential of the plants cultivated around the Gosa dumpsite were evaluated using pollution indices. The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil and plant samples were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Agilent 280FS AA). The mean heavy metal contents in the upper and lower soil layers ranged from 0.37 to 1662.61 mg/kg and 0.32 to 1608.61 mg/kg, respectively, in ascending order of Cd < Cr < Cu < Ni < Pb < Co < Zn < Fe. The results revealed a steady depthwise decrease in heavy metal contents from the upper to lower soil layers. Co, Pb, Zn and Fe were introduced through geogenic and anthropogenic pathways, while Cr, Ni, Cu and Cd were derived mainly from anthropogenic sources. The mean soil enrichment in the heavy metals ranged from 0.96 to 237.04 in the ascending order of Fe > Co > Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd > Cr > Ni. The soil was moderately polluted with Co, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe and Cd but heavily polluted with Cr and Ni. The results revealed that 37.5% of the sites studied had pollution load indices greater than 1.0, indicating gradual deterioration in overall soil quality. The concentrations of Pb, Cd and Fe exceeded the recommended limits for the five plant species assessed. The transfer factor (TF) values of okra plant 1 (0.7536), water hyacinth (1.3768), and Amaranthus hybridus (0.9783) indicated excellent Cd phytoremediation potential. Okra Plant, water hyacinth and Amaranthus hybridus had excellent potential for phytoremediation of Cu, Fe and Pb, respectively. The study area was strongly enriched in Fe, Cd, Cr, and Ni, suggesting some degree of soil pollution, while the plants demonstrated an excellent capacity to accumulate Cd, Cu, Fe and Pb. This dumpsite should be adequately monitored while proper remediation measures are adopted by government authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Itah Omada
- Department of Environmental Science, National Open University of Nigeria, Jabi Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Chima Ogoko
- Department of Chemistry, National Open University of Nigeria, Jabi Abuja, Nigeria.
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Nwachukwu SE, Okogwu OI, Nwonumara GN. Mercury May Pose Higher Ecological and Human Health Risks than Lead in Vegetables Cultivated on Solid Wastes Dumpsites Soils. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 111:48. [PMID: 37751029 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03806-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable cultivation on solid wastes dumpsites (SWD) soils is very common in developing countries though unsafe due to heavy metals pollution. In order to evaluate the ecological and human health risks of this practice, Talium triangulare and Lycopersicon esculentum were grown in a greenhouse on soils from two abandoned and active SWD, and control site. The SWD soils were acidic (pH 6.4-6.8), rich in organic matter (10.15%-15.35%) and the heavy metals content patterned Zn > Mn > Hg > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd. Ecological risk was very high ([Formula: see text] = 396.40; RI = 400) for waterworks dumpsite (WWD) and was > 99% attributable to Hg. Pb was not accumulated in either vegetable but Hg levels exceeded FAO/WHO limits. HQ was mostly < 1 except for Hg (0.47-3.42) and Co (0-1.33) while THQ > 1 for T. triangulare and cancer risks exceeded 10-6-10-4 acceptable limits. Regular monitoring and outlawing of vegetable cultivation on SWD is advocated to avert Hg toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunday Egbe Nwachukwu
- Applied Biology Department, Ebonyi State University, PMB 53, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
| | - Okechukwu Idumah Okogwu
- Applied Biology Department, Ebonyi State University, PMB 53, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
| | - Godwin Nkwuda Nwonumara
- Applied Biology Department, Ebonyi State University, PMB 53, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Adebayo AS, Olufemi AP, Dasho O, Awosika DD, Olagunju E. Environmental impact assessment of active dumpsite in Ondo City, Nigeria: geochemical and geophysical approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:785. [PMID: 37261569 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11361-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of the heavy metal levels associated with municipal waste in the vicinity of the Pele dumpsite, Ondo State, Nigeria, has been undertaken with the view of evaluating the environmental hazards associated with the dumpsite. A total of 23 composite soil samples were collected, measured, and analyzed for six toxic metals, and three dipole-dipole profiles were occupied within the study area. Six different pollution indices were used to evaluate the soil pollution level and ecological risk associated with the dumpsite. The 2D electrical resistivity method was used to delineate the extent of the pollution plume. The mean concentration (in µg/g) of the metals followed a descending order as Zn (75.78) > Cu (37.09) > Pb (25.96) > Cr (6.77) > Ni (5.43) > Cd (0.38). The geoaccumulation indexes revealed Cu (0.56-2.88), Pb (0.49-2.52), and Zn (0.58-2.37) as low to moderate pollutants, while Cd (1.70-6.80) was classified as a moderate-to-considerable high-level pollutant. The ecological assessment indicated moderate risk at most of the sampling points. The 2D resistivity model revealed the weathered layer, which makes up the primary aquifer units, had relatively low resistivity zones, indicating the influence of leachates from the dumpsite, and the vertical expanse of leachate movement was evaluated to be > 25 m. The existence of this pollution plume poses threat to the ecosystem and the health of the surrounding population. Proper management is recommended to resolve this probable ecosystem and health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebiyi S Adebayo
- Department of Physics, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria.
| | - Ayodele P Olufemi
- Department of Physics, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi Dasho
- Department of Physical Sciences, Ondo State University of Science and Technology, Ondo, Nigeria
| | | | - Emmanuel Olagunju
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, William V.S.Tubman University, Monrovia, Liberia
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Agunwamba JC, Amu AM, Nwonu DC. An efficient biosorbent for the removal of arsenic from a typical urban-generated wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:911. [PMID: 36253592 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The arousal of environmental concerns due to spike in environmental degradation has necessitated proper waste management and disposal. Arsenic, a potentially toxic element in cassava wastewater, requires treatment prior to the wastewater disposal to minimize environmental pollution and associated health implications. The present study thus addressed the treatment of As5+ heavy metal in cassava wastewater using an efficient biosorbent from chemically pretreated unshelled Moringa oleifera seeds. The effect of various factors influencing the biosorption process for arsenate removal was studied including pH, contact time, biosorbent dosage, and biosorbent pretreatment concentration. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy clearly suggested that additional functional groups attributed to esters were formed in the pretreated biosorbent, which is responsible for improvement in biosorption. It was found that contact time, biosorbent dosage, and biosorbent pretreatment concentration had statistically significant effect (p values < 0.05) on arsenate removal. A maximum percentage removal of 99.9% was achieved in the synthetic solution at pH 4.0, contact time of 30 min, and dosage of 2 g for biosorbent pretreated with 1 M of chemical solution. Furthermore, through isotherm and kinetics studies, it was discovered that the biosorption process for untreated biosorbent is by ion exchange, while that for treated biosorbents indicated a multifarious adsorption mechanism. Moreover, the biosorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. Also, it is noted that the sorption capability of the biosorbent increases with pretreatment concentration. A statistical model has been developed with prediction R2 of 0.898, which incorporates the effect of treatment concentration on the percentage removal of As5+ from cassava wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anayo Matthew Amu
- Civil Engineering Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Donald Chimobi Nwonu
- Civil Engineering Department, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.
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Lee HG, Byun YJ, Chun YW, Noh HJ, Kim DJ, Kim HK, Kim JI. Identification of Metal Contamination Sources and Evaluation of the Anthropogenic Effects in Soils near Traffic-Related Facilities. TOXICS 2021; 9:278. [PMID: 34822669 PMCID: PMC8618257 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9110278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Traffic-related facilities typically have much lower metal emissions than other sources; however, they can be numerous and widespread as well. Subdividing pollution sources is necessary to assess soil contamination characteristics and identify sources according to the contamination cause. Anthropogenic contamination by metals was quantitatively determined using contamination factor (Cf) and evaluated using multivariate analysis. More than half of the concentrations for Zn, Pb, and Cu in soils were higher than that in the natural background (NB). Cf of metals was, in decreasing order, Zn > Pb = Cu > Ni = As. Zn, Pb, and Cu were identified as anthropogenic contaminants in correlation analysis. Principal component analysis showed that the two main contamination causes were coarse particles from the maintenance or crushing activities of vehicles and nonexhaust/exhaust emissions. Clusters were classified according to those two anthropogenic and lithogenic causes and included Group I (Zn, Pb, and Cu in garages, auto repair shops, and auto salvage yards), Group II (Zn, Pb, and Cu in parking lots, driving schools, and roadsides), and Group III (As and Ni with high lithogenic properties). Anthropogenic input and sources of soil contamination by metals in traffic-related facilities were appropriately estimated through the combination of Cf and multivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ji-In Kim
- Soil and Groundwater Research Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, 42 Hwangyoung-ro, Incheon 22689, Korea; (H.-g.L.); (Y.J.B.); (Y.-W.C.); (H.-J.N.); (D.-J.K.); (H.-K.K.)
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Hu H, Han L, Li L, Wang H, Xu T. Soil heavy metal pollution source analysis based on the land use type in Fengdong District of Xi'an, China. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:643. [PMID: 34508279 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The soil environment imposes a great influence on human health. Soil heavy metal pollution caused by human activities is an important part of environmental problems in urban areas. Due to an inadequate infrastructure, imperfect management, and intensive human activities, the sources of heavy metals in urban fringe areas are often more complicated than those in other areas, such as mining areas and agricultural irrigation areas. To solve this problem, the first step is to locate the source of pollution. However, the traditional methods of source analysis, such as principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization, always require correlations between elements. This study examined the Hg, Cd, Pb, and Cu contents in the Fengdong District of Xi'an, China, and found that these elements are not correlated in this area. Hence, traditional source analysis methods are not applicable in the study area. In response to this problem, this research proposed a new source analysis method based on Pearson's correlation analysis. The Nemerow index, geoaccumulation index, and ecological risk index were adopted to evaluate soil heavy metal pollution in the study area. Via comparison to the actual situation, it was concluded that the geoaccumulation index is more suitable for source analysis in this area. Through Pearson's correlation analysis, it was found that the geoaccumulation index is significantly correlated with the various land use types. Among them, transportation land exerted a greater impact on Pb pollution, and industrial land exerted a significant impact on the Hg distribution. The Cu distribution was related to construction land, while the Cd distribution was mainly related to urban land and cultivated land. In addition, the demolition of residential areas and abandoned farmlands imposed significant effects on Pb and Cd pollution, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Hu
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ling Han
- School of Geological Engineering and Surveying Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China.
| | - Liangzhi Li
- School of Geological Engineering and Surveying Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Tangqi Xu
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, China
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Abbas Z, Imran M, Natasha N, Murtaza B, Amjad M, Shah NS, Khan ZUH, Ahmad I, Ahmad S. Distribution and health risk assessment of trace elements in ground/surface water of Kot Addu, Punjab, Pakistan: a multivariate analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:351. [PMID: 34021412 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water is a key component for living beings to sustain life and for socio-economic development. Anthropogenic activities contribute significantly to ground/surface water contamination particularly with trace elements. The present study was designed to evaluate distribution and health risk assessment of trace elements in ground/surface water of the previously unexplored area, Tehsil Kot Addu, Southern-Punjab, Pakistan. Ground/surface water samples (n = 120) were collected from rural and urban areas of Kot Addu. The samples were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics: total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, and EC (electrical conductivity), cations, anions, and trace elements particularly arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn). All of the water characteristics were evaluated based on the water quality standards set by World Health Organization (WHO). Results revealed the suitability of water for drinking purpose with respect to physicochemical attributes. However, the alarming levels of trace elements especially As, Cd, and Pb make it unfit for drinking purpose. Noticeably, 23, 96, and 98% of water samples showed As, Cd, and Pb concentrations higher than the permissible limits. Overall, the estimated carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk to the exposed community was higher than the safety level of USEPA, suggesting the probability of cancer and other diseases through long-term exposure via ingestion routes. Therefore, this study demonstrated an urgent need for water filtration/purification techniques, and some quality control measures are warranted to protect the health of the exposed community in Tehsil Kot Addu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafar Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Natasha Natasha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Behzad Murtaza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Noor Samad Shah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Haq Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
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Detection, Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metals/Metalloids, Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in Goat Carcasses Processed for Human Consumption in South-Eastern Nigeria. Foods 2021; 10:foods10040798. [PMID: 33917819 PMCID: PMC8068235 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding the increased toxic heavy metals/metalloids (THMs) accumulation in (edible) organs owed to goat′s feeding habit and anthropogenic activities, the chevon remains increasingly relished as a special delicacy in Nigeria. Specific to the South-Eastern region, however, there is paucity of relevant data regarding the prevalence of THMs in goat carcasses processed for human consumption. This work was, therefore, aimed to investigate the detection, distribution and health risk assessment of THMs in goat carcass processed for human consumption in South-Eastern Nigeria. To achieve this, a total of 450 meat samples (kidney, liver and muscle) were evaluated from 150 randomly selected goat carcasses processed in two major slaughterhouses in Enugu State. The detection, distribution, as well as health risk assessment parameters followed standard procedures. Results revealed that at least one THM was detected in 56% of the carcasses. Mean concentrations of arsenic (As) were 0.53 ± 0.10 mg/kg, 0.57 ± 0.09 mg/kg and 0.45 ± 0.08 mg/kg, lead (Pb) were 0.48 ± 0.38 mg/kg, 0.45 ± 0.24 mg/kg and 0.82 ± 0.39 mg/kg, cadmium (Cd) was 0.06 ± 0.32 mg/kg, 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/kg, and 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/kg for kidney, liver and muscle tissues, respectively. The estimated daily intakes (EDI) for all THMs were above the recommended safe limits. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) computed for all As, Cd and Pb fell below unity in all the studied organs, which indicated no non-carcinogenic risks. Curtailing the anthropogenic activities that aid the THM-contamination in goat production/processing lines is recommended. Screening for THM-contamination in Nigerian slaughterhouses is imperative, so as to ascertain the toxicological safety of meats intended for human consumption.
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Ekere NR, Ugbor MCJ, Ihedioha JN, Ukwueze NN, Abugu HO. Ecological and potential health risk assessment of heavy metals in soils and food crops grown in abandoned urban open waste dumpsite. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:711-721. [PMID: 33312596 PMCID: PMC7721968 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00497-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This work investigated the levels, ecological and potential human health risk of heavy metals in soils and crop plants of an abandoned open municipal solid waste dumpsite being used for agricultural crop planting at Ugwuaji in Enugu, Nigeria. METHOD Samples of soils and plants were collected from the site and heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Cd, Zn, Al and Fe) contents and some soil physicochemical parameters were determined after wet digestion with Nitric acid/perchloric acid mixture. The digested samples and all the supernatants were analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu AA7000 made in Japan) fitted with deuterium lamp for background correction. RESULTS The heavy metal concentrations in the soils (mg/kg) ranged from 20.825 to 62.501; 7.25 to 11.806; 54.074 to 275.559; 10.861 to 40.139; 1835.751 to 2225.768; and 7166.724 to 11,601.940 for Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Al and Zn respectively. The Cr, Fe, Al, and Zn contents (mg/kg) in the plants samples were within the recommended limits but Cd levels were higher. CONCLUSION The ecological and health risk assessments revealed contamination and high human health risk associated to Cd. Apart from Cd, other heavy metals under investigation in the soil posed low ecological risk. The target hazard quotient (THQ) values for Cd in the plants samples were all above one except for for Ocimum gratissimum, indicating that people consuming the plants cultivated in the vicinity of the dumpsite may experience adverse effects due to Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. R. Ekere
- Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - M. C. J. Ugbor
- Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - J. N. Ihedioha
- Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - N. N. Ukwueze
- Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - H. O. Abugu
- Analytical/Environmental Chemistry Unit, Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Ullah I, Ditta A, Imtiaz M, Mehmood S, Rizwan M, Rizwan MS, Jan AU, Ahmad I. Assessment of health and ecological risks of heavy metal contamination: a case study of agricultural soils in Thall, Dir-Kohistan. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2020; 192:786. [PMID: 33241483 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-020-08722-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination in agricultural soils has been a significant health concern worldwide due to their persistent and non-biodegradable nature and biomagnification to higher trophic levels. The present study was conducted to assess Cd and Pb concentrations in soil samples collected from potato-growing areas in Thall, Dir-Kohistan, and to determine their associated health and ecological risks. The contamination factor calculated for Cd (0 to 1.74) and Pb (0 to 0.91) showed their moderate to low contamination in the study area. Geo-accumulation indices of Cd and Pb were less than 1, indicating moderate soil pollution of these HM in the study area. However, the ecological risk factor (Eri) of Cd was greater than 40 for only three soil samples, indicating the moderate potential of ecological risks of respective soils. The principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation suggested that the contamination in different soils was lithogenic followed by anthropogenic activities. The hazard quotient (HQ) in children and adults was found in the following order: dermal > ingestion > inhalation. Moreover, the values of HQ through various exposure routes were higher in children compared to adults, which showed that adults were at a lower level of risk associated with HM contamination. The results of the present study can serve as baseline data for government agencies related to environmental protection, which could devise policies to minimize Cd and Pb contamination in the agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ullah
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (Upper), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan
| | - Allah Ditta
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir (Upper), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan.
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - Muhammad Imtiaz
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shahid Rizwan
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Amin Ullah Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Dir (U) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 18000, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari-Campus, Vehari, 61100, Pakistan
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture by Ministry of Agriculture of China, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Guo B, Su Y, Pei L, Wang X, Zhang B, Zhang D, Wang X. Ecological risk evaluation and source apportionment of heavy metals in park playgrounds: a case study in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, a northwest city of China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:24400-24412. [PMID: 32306261 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Park playgrounds recently are suffering serious heavy metals contamination in China. It is urgent to assess the ecological risk and identify the sources for heavy metals. A total of 111 topsoil samples were collected from four park playgrounds in Xi'an, and the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument was used to measure the concentrations of heavy metals including chromium(Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and cobalt (Co), respectively. Ecological risk ([Formula: see text]) and potential ecological risk index (RI) were introduced to determine the pollution level and ecological risk, and the absolute principal component score-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model was implemented to identify the sources for heavy metals. The main results were as follows. (1) Except As, the mean concentrations of measured heavy metals of four park playgrounds surpassed the soil background values of Shaanxi Province. (2) In each park playground, the [Formula: see text] was below a "low" risk level ([Formula: see text]=10) for Cr, Ni, Zn, As, and Mn; Cu was between a "moderate" and "considerable" risk level; Pb was between a "low" and "moderate" risk level; and [Formula: see text] was between a "considerable" and "high" risk level for Co. Besides, the RI index was on a "high" risk level (120 < RI < 240) with an obvious spatial distinction. (3) The anthropogenic factors were the main sources for heavy metals, and mixed sources and natural sources were considered as the minor sources for metals. (4) The sources contributions for Co had obvious spatial heterogeneity in each park situated in four different urban planning districts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yi Su
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Pei
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Dingming Zhang
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- College of Geomatics, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China
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Onyekwelu IL, Aghamelu OP. Impact of organic contaminants from dumpsite leachates on natural water sources in the Enugu Metropolis, southeastern Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:543. [PMID: 31388832 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7719-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the impact of leachates from a municipal dumpsite on the quality of domestic water sources in the area for potable use. Concentrations of leachate-associated organic contaminants (such as diethyl-phthalate, total organic halogen (TOH); 2,4-dichlorophenol; nonylphenol-ethoxylate; methyl-ethyl-phthalate; borneol; total organic carbon (TOC); total Kjeldahl-nitrogen (TKN); ammonium-nitrogen (NH3-N); nitrate (NO3); nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N); and total phosphorus (TP)) in rivers and groundwater in the Enugu Metropolis in southeastern Nigeria were assessed in this study. Results of laboratory analyses indicate that the average values of diethyl-phthalate, borneol, TOH, nonylphenol-ethoxylate and TOC are 0.08 mg/l, 0.04 mg/l, 1.05 mg/l, 0.2 mg/l and 1.64 mg/l, respectively for groundwater and 0.1 mg/l, 0.03 mg/l, 0.74 mg/l, 0.19 mg/l and 1.74 mg/l, respectively, for rivers. Three (diethyl-phthalate, borneol and TOH) out of these major five contaminants, in both rivers and groundwater, exceeded the maximum permissible limits, suggesting that the domestic water sources are marginally contaminated by the leachates. ANOVA test result suggests that the data sources were significantly variable, while principal component and correlation analyses identified TOH, 2,4-dichlorophenol, TKN, NO3, NO3-N, TP and borneol, which originated most probably from degradation of plastic materials and organic wastes in the dumpsite, as the priority contaminants. Consumption of domestic water sources within the dumpsite area, in untreated state, could lead to health risks as these priority organic contaminants are mostly carcinogenic, toxic and injurious to human systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Lindsey Onyekwelu
- Department of Geology and Mining, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, P.M.B. 01660, Agbani, Nigeria
| | - Okechukwu Pius Aghamelu
- Department of Physics, Geology and Geophysics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.M.B. 1010, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
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Vargas-Solano SV, Rodríguez-González F, Arenas-Ocampo ML, Martínez-Velarde R, Sujitha SB, Jonathan MP. Heavy metals in the volcanic and peri-urban terrain watershed of the River Yautepec, Mexico. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:187. [PMID: 30806795 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thirty-four water samples were collected all along the course of River Yautepec, Morelos State, Central Mexico, in three different zones based on the physical and anthropogenic setting. In situ measurements of physical characteristics (temperature, pH, conductivity, and turbidity) were also performed at each sampling station. Likewise, total/dissolved metal concentrations (Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cd, As, and Pb) were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Located in a peri-urban and volcanic zone of Central Mexico, the river system presented impacts of both natural and anthropogenic activities. Results revealed differences in pH values (6.7-8.23) in all the three zones probably due to the influences of volcanic ash and local geological formations, whereas conductivity levels (635-1098 μs/cm) were high indicating the effect of agricultural and industrial activities. The relative order of the concentrations of metals in both the total and dissolved fractions was observed to be in the following order: zone I, Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cr > As > Cd > Hg; zone II, Fe > Zn > Pb > Ni > Mn > Cu > Cr > Cd > As > Hg; zone III, Fe > Pb > Zn > Mn > Ni > Cu > As > Cd > Cr > Hg. Calculated heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) values indicated less contamination. However, concentrations of Fe and Pb were observed to be higher than the permissible limits set forth by the Mexican government for human consumption. Henceforth, the prerequisite for maintaining and improving the health of a river system depends on continuous long-term monitoring of the dynamic ecosystem for sustainable management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Viridiana Vargas-Solano
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla Km. 6, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, C.P. 62731, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Francisco Rodríguez-González
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla Km. 6, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, C.P. 62731, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Martha Lucia Arenas-Ocampo
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla Km. 6, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, C.P. 62731, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rita Martínez-Velarde
- Centro de Desarrollo de Productos Bióticos (CEPROBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Carretera Yautepec-Jojutla Km. 6, Calle CEPROBI No. 8, Col. San Isidro, C.P. 62731, Yautepec, Morelos, Mexico
| | - S B Sujitha
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520 s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, C.P. 07340, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico
| | - M P Jonathan
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigaciones y Estudios sobre Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo (CIIEMAD), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Calle 30 de Junio de 1520 s/n, Barrio la Laguna Ticomán, C.P. 07340, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México (CDMX), Mexico.
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Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Soil of Waste Disposal Site in Bangladesh: Implication of Spatial, Seasonal Variation and Indices. GCEC 2017 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8016-6_67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Yu D, Duan H, Song Q, Li X, Zhang H, Zhang H, Liu Y, Shen W, Wang J. Characterizing the environmental impact of metals in construction and demolition waste. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:13823-13832. [PMID: 29508202 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of construction and demolition (C&D) waste are generated in China every year, but their potential environmental impacts on the surrounding areas are rarely assessed. This study focuses on metals contained in C&D waste, characterizing the metal concentrations and their related environmental risks. C&D waste samples were collected in Shenzhen City, China, from building demolition sites, renovation areas undergoing refurbishment, landfill sites, and recycling companies (all located in Shenzhen city) that produce recycled aggregate, in order to identify pollution levels of the metals As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn. The results showed that (1) the metal concentrations in most demolition and renovation waste samples were below the soil environmental quality standard for agricultural purposes (SQ-Agr.) in China; (2) Cd, Cu, and Zn led to relatively higher environmental risks than other metals, especially for Zn (DM5 tile sample, 360 mg/kg; R4 tile sample, 281 mg/kg); (3) non-inert C&D waste such as wall insulation and foamed plastic had high concentrations of As and Cd, so that these materials required special attention for sound waste management; and (4) C&D waste collected from landfill sites had higher concentrations of Cd and Cu than did waste collected from demolition and refurbishment sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Yu
- College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Huabo Duan
- College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Qingbin Song
- Macau Environmental Research Institute, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Li
- Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Yicheng Liu
- Ningbo Guoke Testing Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315336, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- Ningbo Guoke Testing Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315336, China
| | - Jinben Wang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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Addo HO, Dun-Dery EJ, Afoakwa E, Elizabeth A, Ellen A, Rebecca M. Correlates of domestic waste management and related health outcomes in Sunyani, Ghana: a protocol towards enhancing policy. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:615. [PMID: 28673275 PMCID: PMC5496427 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic waste generation has contributed significantly to hampering national waste management efforts. It poses serious threat to national development and requires proper treatment and management within and outside households. The problem of improper waste management has always been a challenge in Ghana, compelling several national surveys to report on the practice of waste management. However, little is known about how much waste is generated and managed within households and there is a serious dearth of information for national policy and planning. This paper seeks to document the handling and practice of waste management, including collection, storage, transportation and disposal along with the types and amount of waste generated by Households and their related health outcome. METHODS The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study and used a multi-stage sampling technique to sample 700 households. The study was planned and implemented from January to May 2015. It involved the use of structured questionnaires in the data collection over the period. Factors such as demographic characteristics, amount of waste generated, types of waste bins used within households, waste recycling, cost of disposing waste, and distance to dumpsite were all assessed. RESULTS The paper shows that each surveyed household generated 0.002 t of waste per day, of which 29% are both organic and inorganic. Though more than half of the respondents (53.6%) had positive attitude towards waste management, only 29.1% practiced waste management. The study reveals that there is no proper management of domestic waste except in few households that segregate waste. The study identified several elements as determinants of waste management practice. Female respondents were less likely to practice waste management (AOR 0.45; 95% Cl 0.29, 0.79), household size also determined respondents practice (AOR 0.26; Cl 0.09, 0.77). Practice of recycling (AOR 0.03; Cl 0.02, 0.08), distance to dumpsite (AOR 0.45; Cl 0.20, 0.99), were all significant predictors of waste management practice. Cholera which is a hygiene related disease was three times more likely to determine households' waste management practice (AOR 3.22; Cl 1.33, 7.84). CONCLUSION Considering the low waste management practice among households, there is the need for improved policy and enhanced education on proper waste management practice among households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry O Addo
- Faculty of Public Health and Allied Sciences, Catholic University College of Ghana, Brong-Ahafo Region, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Elvis J Dun-Dery
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana. Box LG 13, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Eugenia Afoakwa
- Faculty of Public and Allied Science, Catholic University College of Ghana, Brong-Ahafo Region, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Addai Elizabeth
- Faculty of Public and Allied Science, Catholic University College of Ghana, Brong-Ahafo Region, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Amposah Ellen
- Faculty of Public and Allied Science, Catholic University College of Ghana, Brong-Ahafo Region, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Mwinfaug Rebecca
- Faculty of Public and Allied Science, Catholic University College of Ghana, Brong-Ahafo Region, Sunyani, Ghana
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Ihedioha JN, Ukoha PO, Ekere NR. Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in soil of a municipal solid waste dump in Uyo, Nigeria. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2017; 39:497-515. [PMID: 27170184 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-016-9830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The study assessed the levels of some heavy metals in soils in the vicinity of a municipal solid waste dumpsite with a view to providing information on the extent of contamination, ecological risk of metals in the soils and human health risk to the residents in Uyo. Soil samples were collected in rainy and dry seasons and analyzed for metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni and Fe) using atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations of heavy metals (mg/kg) at the dumpsite in rainy season were Pb (9.90), Zn (137), Ni (12.56), Cr (3.60), Cd (9.05) and Mn (94.00), while in dry season, the concentrations were Pb (11.80), Zn (146), Ni (11.82), Cr (4.05), Cd (12.20) and Mn (91.20). The concentrations of metals in the studied sites were higher than that of the control site (P < 0.05). Pollution indices studies revealed that soil samples from dumpsite and distances from 10 and 20 m east of the dumpsite were highly polluted with cadmium. Ecological risk assessment carried out showed that cadmium contributed 98-99 % of the total potentially ecological risk. No probable health risk was observed as the total hazard index of all the metals was less than one. However, children were found to be more susceptible to heavy metal contamination than adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N Ihedioha
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
| | - P O Ukoha
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - N R Ekere
- Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Adedara IA, Abolaji AO, Awogbindin IO, Farombi EO. Suppression of the brain-pituitary-testicular axis function following acute arsenic and manganese co-exposure and withdrawal in rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 39:21-29. [PMID: 27908416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fact that most environmental exposures to metals do not occur in isolation, the combined effects of metal mixtures on brain-pituitary-gonadal axis are poorly known. The present study investigated the impacts of co-exposure to arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn) on sperm characteristics, reproductive hormones and selected oxidative stress indices in the brain, testes and epididymis of rats following exposure for 15 consecutive days to 60mg/L of AsO2Na and 30mg/L of MnCl2 in drinking water. The results showed that while the brain weight remained unaffected, the fluid intake and the weights of testes and epididymis significantly (p<0.05) decreased in all the treatment groups. A significant decrease in the body weight gain when compared with control was noted only in the co-exposed rats. Moreover, the significant decreases in the antioxidant status in brain, testes and epididymis as well as in the circulatory concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone were similar following separate or combined exposure of rats to As and Mn. The marked oxidative damage in the investigated tissues was accompanied by a significant decrease in the sperm quantity and quality in all the treated rats when compared with the control. Interestingly, most of the parameters determined immediately after the exposure period persisted in rats from the withdrawal experiment. Collectively, co-exposure to As and Mn suppressed the brain-pituitary-testicular axis function and the post-testicular events such as sperm function possibly via a mechanism involving persistent oxidative stress and endocrine disruption in the exposed rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Adedara
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
| | - Amos O Abolaji
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoluwa O Awogbindin
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ebenezer O Farombi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Verma N, Kaur G. Trends on Biosensing Systems for Heavy Metal Detection. BIOSENSORS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD - NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND TECHNICAL CHALLENGES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.coac.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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