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Okumu A, Orwa J, Sitati R, Omondi I, Odhiambo B, Ogoro J, Oballa G, Ochieng B, Wandiga S, Ouma C. Factors associated with tuberculosis drug resistance among presumptive multidrug resistance tuberculosis patients identified in a DRTB surveillance study in western Kenya. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2024; 37:100466. [PMID: 39188352 PMCID: PMC11345928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2024.100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is caused by M. tuberculosis (Mtb) with resistance to the first-line anti-TB medicines isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF). In Western Kenya, there is reported low prevalence of drug resistant strains among HIV tuberculosis patients, creating a need to determine factors associated with drug resistance patterns among presumptive MDR-TB patients. To determine factors associated with drug resistance patterns among presumptive MDR-TB patients in western Kenya. Three hundred and ninety (3 9 0) sputum sample isolates from among presumptive multidrug TB patients, were analyzed for TB drug resistance as per Ministry of Health (MoH) TB program diagnostic algorithm. Frequency and percentages were used to summarize categorical data while median and interquartile range (IQR) were used for continuous data. Multivariable logistic regression was carried out to identify factors associated with TB drug resistance. Out of 390 participants enrolled, 302/390 (77.4 %) were males, with a median age of 34 years. The HIV-infected were 118/390 (30.3 %). Samples included 322 (82.6 %) from presumptive patients, while 68/390 (17.4 %) were either lost to follow-up patients, failures to first-line treatment or newly diagnosed cases. A total of 64/390 (16.4 %) of the isolates had at least some form of drug resistance. Out of 390, 14/390 (3.6 %) had MDR, 12 (3.1 %) were RIF mono-resistance, 34 (8.7 %) had INH, while 4 (1 %) had ethambutol resistance. The category of previously treated patients (those who received or are currently on TB treatment) had a 70 % reduced likelihood of resistance (aOR: 0.30; 95 % CI: 0.13-0.70). In contrast, older age was associated with an increased likelihood of resistance to INH and RIF, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.04 per year (95 % CI: 1.00-1.08). Prompt MDR-TB diagnosis is essential for appropriate patient care, management, and disease prevention and control. We recommend active surveillance on drug resistant TB in these regions to detect drug resistance patterns for rapid disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Okumu
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, PO Box 1578 -40100, Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, PO Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya
| | - James Orwa
- The Aga Khan University, Department of Population Health Science, University Center, PO BOX 30270- 00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth Sitati
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, PO Box 1578 -40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Isaiah Omondi
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, PO Box 1578 -40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ben Odhiambo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, PO Box 1578 -40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Jeremiah Ogoro
- Ministry of Health, National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Program, NLTP, Afya House Annex, Kenyatta National Hospital, Hospital Road, Nairobi P.O. Box, 30016-00100, Kenya
| | - George Oballa
- Ministry of Health, National Leprosy and Tuberculosis Program, NLTP, Afya House Annex, Kenyatta National Hospital, Hospital Road, Nairobi P.O. Box, 30016-00100, Kenya
| | - Benjamin Ochieng
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, PO Box 1578 -40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Steve Wandiga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Global Health Research, PO Box 1578 -40100, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Collins Ouma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Maseno University, PO Box 333-40105, Maseno, Kenya
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Huang AT, Buddhari D, Kaewhiran S, Iamsirithaworn S, Khampaen D, Farmer A, Fernandez S, Thomas SJ, Barraquer IR, Hunsawong T, Srikiatkhachorn A, Dos Santos GR, O'Driscoll M, Hamins-Puertolas M, Endy T, Rothman AL, Cummings DAT, Anderson K, Salje H. Reconciling heterogeneous dengue virus infection risk estimates from different study designs. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.09.09.24313375. [PMID: 39314937 PMCID: PMC11419196 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.09.24313375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Uncovering rates at which susceptible individuals become infected with a pathogen, i.e. the force of infection (FOI), is essential for assessing transmission risk and reconstructing distribution of immunity in a population. For dengue, reconstructing exposure and susceptibility statuses from the measured FOI is of particular significance as prior exposure is a strong risk factor for severe disease. FOI can be measured via many study designs. Longitudinal serology are considered gold standard measurements, as they directly track the transition of seronegative individuals to seropositive due to incident infections (seroincidence). Cross-sectional serology can provide estimates of FOI by contrasting seroprevalence across ages. Age of reported cases can also be used to infer FOI. Agreement of these measurements, however, have not been assessed. Using 26 years of data from cohort studies and hospital-attended cases from Kamphaeng Phet province, Thailand, we found FOI estimates from the three sources to be highly inconsistent. Annual FOI estimates from seroincidence was 2.46 to 4.33-times higher than case-derived FOI. Correlation between seroprevalence-derived and case-derived FOI was moderate (correlation coefficient=0.46) and no systematic bias. Through extensive simulations and theoretical analysis, we show that incongruences between methods can result from failing to account for dengue antibody kinetics, assay noise, and heterogeneity in FOI across ages. Extending standard inference models to include these processes reconciled the FOI and susceptibility estimates. Our results highlight the importance of comparing inferences across multiple data types to uncover additional insights not attainable through a single data type/analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angkana T Huang
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
- University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Darunee Buddhari
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Aaron Farmer
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Anon Srikiatkhachorn
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
- University of Rhode Island, USA
| | | | | | | | - Timothy Endy
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations, USA
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Ahmed SAA, Mohamed SF, El-Mahallawy HS, Quattrocchi A, Karanis P. Gastrointestinal parasitic infections: Prevalence and risk factors in West Ismailia, Arab Republic of Egypt. Gut Pathog 2024; 16:29. [PMID: 38898500 PMCID: PMC11186246 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-024-00622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) in the rural community of West Ismailia and its associated risk factors. Human infection by GIP is natural and expected. There are few records concerning parasitic infection in the rural areas of the Ismailia Governorate. METHODS From 520 individuals, sociodemographic and risk factors information were retrieved. Fecal samples were collected, concentrated, and tested for GIP infection using a microscopic examination. RESULTS The West Ismailia study population had a 40.4% prevalence of GIP infection, including single and concomitant parasite infections. The most common cause of GIP infection was protists (38%). Entamoeba sp., Blastocystis sp., and G. duodenalis were the most common parasites. Poly-parasitism was prevalent within the West Ismailia region. Age, abdominal symptoms, perianal itching, ownership of numerous animal species, exposure to turbid water, previous parasitic infection (PPI), and non-treatment reception of PPI were all considered significant factors associated with GIP infection. Specific individuals from the same family have been observed to have identical GIP. CONCLUSION GIP infection remains underestimated in rural areas. Periodic screening and treatment for GIP infection in children and public education on GIP hazards and prevention, focusing on personal hygiene, are recommended. Family members of affected individuals should be screened and treated for GIP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samar Farag Mohamed
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Heba Sayed El-Mahallawy
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Annalisa Quattrocchi
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, 24005, CY-1700, Cyprus
| | - Panagiotis Karanis
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, 24005, CY- 1700, Cyprus.
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Vicco A, McCormack C, Pedrique B, Ribeiro I, Malavige GN, Dorigatti I. A scoping literature review of global dengue age-stratified seroprevalence data: estimating dengue force of infection in endemic countries. EBioMedicine 2024; 104:105134. [PMID: 38718682 PMCID: PMC11096825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue poses a significant burden worldwide, and a more comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity in the intensity of dengue transmission within endemic countries is necessary to evaluate the potential impact of public health interventions. METHODS This scoping literature review aimed to update a previous study of dengue transmission intensity by collating global age-stratified dengue seroprevalence data published in the Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases from 2014 to 2023. These data were then utilised to calibrate catalytic models and estimate the force of infection (FOI), which is the yearly per-capita risk of infection for a typical susceptible individual. FINDINGS We found a total of 66 new publications containing 219 age-stratified seroprevalence datasets across 30 endemic countries. Together with the previously available average FOI estimates, there are now more than 250 dengue average FOI estimates obtained from seroprevalence studies from across the world. INTERPRETATION The results show large heterogeneities in average dengue FOI both across and within countries. These new estimates can be used to inform ongoing modelling efforts to improve our understanding of the drivers of the heterogeneity in dengue transmission globally, which in turn can help inform the optimal implementation of public health interventions. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council, Wellcome Trust, Community Jameel, Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi) funded by the French Development Agency, Médecins Sans Frontières International; Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation and UK aid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vicco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Jameel Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Clare McCormack
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Jameel Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Belen Pedrique
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Isabela Ribeiro
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Ilaria Dorigatti
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Jameel Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Li X, Liao C, Wu J, Yi B, Zha R, Deng Q, Xu J, Guo C, Lu J. Distinct serum exosomal miRNA profiles detected in acute and asymptomatic dengue infections: A community-based study in Baiyun District, Guangzhou. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31546. [PMID: 38807894 PMCID: PMC11130723 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, research on exosomal miRNAs has provided new insights into exploring the mechanism of viral infection and disease prevention. This study aimed to investigate the serum exosomal miRNA expression profile of dengue-infected individuals through a community survey of dengue virus (DENV) infection. Methods A seroprevalence study of 1253 healthy persons was first conducted to ascertain the DENV infection status in Baiyun District, Guangzhou. A total of 18 serum samples, including 6 healthy controls (HC), 6 asymptomatic DENV infections (AsymptDI), and 6 confirmed dengue fever patients (AcuteDI), were collected for exosome isolation and then sRNA sequencing. Through bioinformatics analysis, we discovered distinct serum exosomal miRNA profiles among the different groups and identified differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs). These findings were further validated by qRT-PCR. Results The community survey of DENV infection indicated that the DENV IgG antibody positivity rate among the population was 11.97 % in the study area, with asymptomatic infected individuals accounting for 93.06 % of the anti-DENV IgG positives. The age and Guangzhou household registration were associated with DENV IgG antibody positivity by logistic regression analysis. Distinct miRNA profiles were observed between healthy individuals and DENV infections. A total of 1854 miRNAs were identified in 18 serum exosome samples from the initial analysis of the sequencing data. Comparative analysis revealed 23 DEMs comprising 5 upregulated and 18 downregulated miRNAs in the DENV-infected group (mergedDI). In comparison to AcuteDI, 18 upregulated miRNAs were identified in AsymptDI. Moreover, functional enrichment of the predicted target genes of DEMs indicated that these miRNAs were involved in biological processes and pathways related to cell adhesion, focal adhesion, endocytosis, and ECM-receptor interaction. Eight DEMs were validated by qRT-PCR. Conclusion The Baiyun District of Guangzhou exhibits a notable proportion of asymptomatic DENV infections as suggested in other research, highlighting the need for enhanced monitoring and screening of asymptomatic persons and the elderly. Differential miRNA expression among healthy, symptomatic and asymptomatic DENV-infected individuals suggests their potential as biomarkers for distinguishing DENV infection and offers new avenues of investigating the mechanisms underlying DENV asymptomatic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Li
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Conghui Liao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Boyang Yi
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Renyun Zha
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiang Deng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Guangzhou Baiyun District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, 510445, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiahai Lu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- One Health Center of Excellence for Research & Training, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Hainan Key Novel Thinktank “Hainan Medical University ‘One Health’ Research Center”, Haikou, 571199, China
- Research Institute of Sun Yat-Sen University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, Sun Yat-Sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China
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Sibanda T, Makwikwi T. The prevalence and burden of urogenital schistosomiasis: a case study of Mount Darwin and Makoni Districts in Zimbabwe. ALL LIFE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2023.2167870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tatenda Sibanda
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Tendai Makwikwi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Tan C, Li S, Li Y, Peng Z. Dynamic modeling and data fitting of climatic and environmental factors and people's behavior factors on hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Shanghai, China. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18212. [PMID: 37576260 PMCID: PMC10412780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) appear to be a multi-wave outbreak with unknown mechanisms. We investigate the effects of climatic and environmental factors and changes in people's behavior factors that may be caused by external factors: temperature, relative humidity, and school opening and closing. Methods Distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) and dynamic model are used to research multi-wave outbreaks of HFMD. Climatic and environmental factors impact on transmission rate β ( t ) is modeled through DLNM and then substituted into this relationship to establish the dynamic model with reported case data to test for validity. Results Relative risk (RR) of HFMD infection increases with increasing temperature. The RR of infection first increases and then decreases with the increase of relative humidity. For the model fitting HFMD dynamic, time average basic reproduction number [ R 0 ] of Stage I (without vaccine) and Stage II (with EV71 vaccine) are 1.9362 and 1.5478, respectively. Temperature has the highest explanatory power, followed by school opening and closing, and relative humidity. Conclusion We obtain three conclusions about the prevention and control of HFMD. 1) According to the temperature, relative humidity and school start time, the outbreak peak of HFMD should be warned and targeted prevention and control measures should be taken. 2) Reduce high indoor temperature when more than 31.5 oC, and increase low relative humidity when less than 77.5% by opening the window for ventilation, adding houseplants, using air conditioners and humidifiers, reducing the incidence of HFMD and the number of infections. 3) The risk of HFMD transmission during winter vacations is higher than during summer vacations. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of HFMD prevention knowledge before winter vacations and strengthen the disinfection control measures during winter vacations in children's hospitals, school classrooms, and other places where children gather to reduce the frequency of staff turnover during winter vacations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlei Tan
- School of Information and Mathematics, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, PR China
- Information Engineering College, Hunan Applied Technology University, Changde, 415100, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Mathematics and Information Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, PR China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Information and Mathematics, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434023, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhihang Peng
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
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Masyeni S, Fatawy RM, Paramasatiari AAAL, Maheraditya A, Dewi RK, Winianti NW, Santosa A, Setiabudy M, Sumadewi NT, Herawati S. Dengue seroprevalence study in Bali. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0271939. [PMID: 37450543 PMCID: PMC10348525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue infection poses significant public health problems in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The clinical manifestations of dengue vary from asymptomatic to severe dengue manifestations. This serological survey highlighted the high incidence of asymptomatic cases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dengue in healthy and ill adults in Bali. METHODS Cross-sectional seroprevalence surveys were performed between July 2020 and June 2021 among healthy and ill adults in Denpasar Bali. Blood samples were collected from 539 randomly selected urban sites in Denpasar. Immunoglobulin G antibodies against the dengue virus were detected in serum using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS Overall, the dengue seroprevalence rate among the 539 clinically healthy and ill adults was high (85.5%). The median age was 34.1 (18-86.1). Most of the participants in the study were younger than 40 years (61.2%). Men were the dominant sex (54.5%). The study found a significant association between dengue seropositivity among people aged > 40 years and healthy status (p = 0.005; odds ratio [OR] = 0.459 and p < 0.001; OR = 0.336, respectively). The study reported that as many as 60% of the subjects had a history of previously suspected dengue infection. This study reflected the proportion of asymptomatic dengue patients requiring better assessment with a serological test. CONCLUSION The current study highlighted that real cases of dengue infection may be higher than reported, with a high prevalence of dengue seropositivity and a relatively dominant proportion of asymptomatic cases. The study guides physicians to be aware of every dengue infection in tropical countries and prevent the spread of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Masyeni
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Warmadewa, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Rois Muqsith Fatawy
- Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Center, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Ananda Maheraditya
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Warmadewa, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Ratna Kartika Dewi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Warmadewa, Bali, Indonesia
| | - N. W. Winianti
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Warmadewa, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Agus Santosa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Warmadewa, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Marta Setiabudy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Warmadewa, Bali, Indonesia
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Man O, Kraay A, Thomas R, Trostle J, Lee GO, Robbins C, Morrison AC, Coloma J, Eisenberg JNS. Characterizing dengue transmission in rural areas: A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011333. [PMID: 37289678 PMCID: PMC10249895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue has historically been considered an urban disease associated with dense human populations and the built environment. Recently, studies suggest increasing dengue virus (DENV) transmission in rural populations. It is unclear whether these reports reflect recent spread into rural areas or ongoing transmission that was previously unnoticed, and what mechanisms are driving this rural transmission. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize research on dengue in rural areas and apply this knowledge to summarize aspects of rurality used in current epidemiological studies of DENV transmission given changing and mixed environments. We described how authors defined rurality and how they defined mechanisms for rural dengue transmission. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase for articles evaluating dengue prevalence or cumulative incidence in rural areas. A total of 106 articles published between 1958 and 2021 met our inclusion criteria. Overall, 56% (n = 22) of the 48 estimates that compared urban and rural settings reported rural dengue incidence as being as high or higher than in urban locations. In some rural areas, the force of infection appears to be increasing over time, as measured by increasing seroprevalence in children and thus likely decreasing age of first infection, suggesting that rural dengue transmission may be a relatively recent phenomenon. Authors characterized rural locations by many different factors, including population density and size, environmental and land use characteristics, and by comparing their context to urban areas. Hypothesized mechanisms for rural dengue transmission included travel, population size, urban infrastructure, vector and environmental factors, among other mechanisms. Strengthening our understanding of the relationship between rurality and dengue will require a more nuanced definition of rurality from the perspective of DENV transmission. Future studies should focus on characterizing details of study locations based on their environmental features, exposure histories, and movement dynamics to identify characteristics that may influence dengue transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Man
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Alicia Kraay
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Institution for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ruth Thomas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - James Trostle
- Department of Anthropology, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Gwenyth O. Lee
- Rutgers Global Health Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Rutgers Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Charlotte Robbins
- Department of Anthropology, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Amy C. Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Josefina Coloma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph N. S. Eisenberg
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
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Carrillo MA, Cardenas R, Yañez J, Petzold M, Kroeger A. Risk of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya transmission in the metropolitan area of Cucuta, Colombia: cross-sectional analysis, baseline for a cluster-randomised controlled trial of a novel vector tool for water containers. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1000. [PMID: 37254133 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arbovirus diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya are a public health threat in tropical and subtropical areas. In the absence of a vaccine or specific treatment, vector management (in this case the control of the primary vector Aedes aegypti) is the best practice to prevent the three diseases. A good understanding of vector behaviour, ecology, human mobility and water use can help design effective vector control programmes. This study collected baseline information on these factors for identifying the arbovirus transmission risk and assessed the requirements for a large intervention trial in Colombia. METHODS Baseline surveys were conducted in 5,997 households, randomly selected from 24 clusters (neighbourhoods with on average 2000 houses and 250 households inspected) in the metropolitan area of Cucuta, Colombia. The study established population characteristics including water management and mobility as well as larval-pupal indices which were estimated and compared in all clusters. Additionally, the study estimated disease incidence from two sources: self-reported dengue cases in the household survey and cases notified by the national surveillance system. RESULTS In all 24 study clusters similar social and demographic characteristics were found but the entomological indicators and estimated disease incidence rates varied. The entomological indicators showed a high vector infestation: House Index = 25.1%, Container Index = 12.3% and Breteau Index = 29.6. Pupae per person Index (PPI) as an indicator of the transmission risk showed a large range from 0.22 to 2.04 indicating a high transmission risk in most clusters. The concrete ground tanks for laundry -mostly outdoors and uncovered- were the containers with the highest production of Ae. aegypti as 86.3% of all 17,613 pupae were identified in these containers. Also, the annual incidence of dengue was high: 841.6 self-reported cases per 100,000 inhabitants and the dengue incidence notified by the National surveillance system was 1,013.4 cases per 100,000 in 2019. Only 2.2% of the households used container water for drinking. 40.3% of the study population travelled during the day (when Aedes mosquitoes bite) outside their clusters. CONCLUSIONS The production of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes occurred almost exclusively in concrete ground tanks for laundry (lavadero), the primary intervention target. The baseline study provides necessary evidence for the design and implementation of a cluster randomized intervention trial in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angelica Carrillo
- Centre for Medicine and Society, Master Programme Global Urban Health, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg in Breisgau, Germany.
| | - Rocio Cardenas
- Centre for Medicine and Society, Master Programme Global Urban Health, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg in Breisgau, Germany
| | - Johanna Yañez
- Vector Control Programme, Instituto Departamental de Salud Norte de Santander, Cucuta, Colombia
| | - Max Petzold
- Institute of Public Health, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Axel Kroeger
- Centre for Medicine and Society, Master Programme Global Urban Health, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg in Breisgau, Germany
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Tsai JJ, Tsai CY, Lin PC, Chen CH, Tsai WY, Dai YC, Lin YC, Pedroso C, Brites C, Wang WK. Comparing the performance of dengue virus IgG and IgG-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in seroprevalence study. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:301. [PMID: 37158835 PMCID: PMC10165301 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue virus (DENV) is the leading cause of arboviral diseases in humans worldwide. Currently Dengvaxia, the first dengue vaccine licensed in 20 countries, was recommended for DENV seropositive individuals aged 9-45 years. Studying dengue seroprevalence can improve our understanding of the epidemiology and transmission dynamics of DENV, and facilitate future intervention strategies and assessment of vaccine efficacy. Several DENV envelope protein-based serological tests including IgG and IgG-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been employed in seroprevalence studies. Previously DENV IgG-capture ELISA was reported to distinguish primary and secondary DENV infections during early convalescence, however, its performance over time and in seroprevalence study remains understudied. METHODS In this study, we used well-documented neutralization test- or reverse-transcription-polymerase-chain reaction-confirmed serum/plasma samples including DENV-naïve, primary and secondary DENV, primary West Nile virus, primary Zika virus, and Zika with previous DENV infection panels to compare the performance of three ELISAs. RESULTS The sensitivity of the InBios IgG ELISA was higher than that of InBios IgG-capture and SD IgG-capture ELISAs. The sensitivity of IgG-capture ELISAs was higher for secondary than primary DENV infection panel. Within the secondary DENV infection panel, the sensitivity of InBios IgG-capture ELISA decreased from 77.8% at < 6 months to 41.7% at 1-1.5 years, 28.6% at 2-15 years and 0% at > 20 years (p < 0.001, Cochran-Armitage test for trend), whereas that of IgG ELISA remains 100%. A similar trend was observed for SD IgG-capture ELISA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate higher sensitivity of DENV IgG ELISA than IgG-capture ELISA in seroprevalence study and interpretation of DENV IgG-capture ELISA should take sampling time and primary or secondary DENV infection into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Jin Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chang Lin
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, Zhunan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yang Tsai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yu-Ching Dai
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yen-Chia Lin
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Celia Pedroso
- LAPI-Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infectologia-School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Carlos Brites
- LAPI-Laboratório de Pesquisa em Infectologia-School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Wei-Kung Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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Almeida Furquim de Camargo B, Fonseca-Santos B, Gonçalves Carvalho S, Corrêa Carvalho G, Delello Di Filippo L, Sousa Araújo VH, Lobato Duarte J, Polli Silvestre AL, Bauab TM, Chorilli M. Functionalized lipid-based drug delivery nanosystems for the treatment of human infectious diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:214-230. [PMID: 35634703 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2047007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are still public health problems. Microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites are the main causing agents related to these diseases. In this context, the search for new effective strategies in prevention and/or treatment is considered essential, since current drugs often have side effects or end up, causing microbial resistance, making it a serious health problem. As an alternative to these limitations, nanotechnology has been widely used. The use of lipid-based drug delivery nanosystems (DDNs) has some advantages, such as biocompatibility, low toxicity, controlled release, the ability to carry both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, in addition to be easel scalable. Besides, as an improvement, studies involving the conjugation of signalling molecules on the surfaces of these nanocarriers can allow the target of certain tissues or cells. Thus, this review summarizes the performance of functionalized lipid-based DDNs for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, bacteria, fungi, and parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Fonseca-Santos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campinas State University (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jonatas Lobato Duarte
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | | | - Taís Maria Bauab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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13
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Saad El-Din MI, Gad EL-Hak HN, Ghobashy MA, Elrayess RA. Parasitological and histopathological studies to the effect of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves combined with praziquantel therapy in modulating the liver and spleen damage induced by Schistosoma mansoni to male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:15548-15560. [PMID: 36169837 PMCID: PMC9908685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the effectiveness of an aqueous extract of Moringa Oleifera Lam. leaves (MOL) alone or in combination with praziquantel (PZQ) drug targeting-infected mice with Schistosoma mansoni-induced liver and spleen damage. Mice were divided into eight groups control mice group treated orally with saline. PZQ group: non-infected mice treated orally with 300 mg/kg bwt PZQ three consecutive days. MOL group: non-infected mice treated orally with 150 mg/kg bwt MOL extract for 15 days. PZQ/ MOL group: non-infected mice treated orally with 300 mg/kg bwt PZQ for three consecutive days and 150 mg/kg bwt MOL extract for 15 days. IF group: infected mice with 100 cercariae/mouse of the Egyptian strain of S. mansoni. IF/PZQ group infected mice with S. mansoni cercariae and treated orally with 300 mg/kg bwt PZQ for three consecutive days. IF/MOL group: infected mice with S. mansoni cercariae treated orally with 150 mg/kg bwt MOL extract for 15 days. IF/PZQ +MOL group: infected mice with S. mansoni cercariae treated orally with 300 mg/kg bwt PZQ for three consecutive days and 150 mg/kg bwt MOL extract for 15 days. Blood, liver, spleen, worm, and eggs were collected at the end of the experimental period. Treatment of infected mice with MOL and PZQ together significantly reduced the number of ova/g tissue and eliminated the parasites. In addition, the liver and spleen of infected mice showed less histopathological alteration and immunohistochemical expression of nuclear factor kappa β (NF-Kβ). We can conclude that MOL extract combined with PZ has a curative effect on S. mansoni infection and helped to lessen its pathological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heba N. Gad EL-Hak
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mahi A. Ghobashy
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ranwa A. Elrayess
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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14
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Epidemiology (2012-2019) and costs (2009-2019) of dengue in Malaysia: a systematic literature review. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 124:240-247. [PMID: 36089149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic literature review was conducted to assess the epidemiology and economic burden of dengue in Malaysia. METHODS Embase, MEDLINE, Evidence-Based Reviews databases, and grey literature sources were searched for English and Malay studies and surveillance reports on the epidemiology (between 2012-2019) and costs (between 2009-2019) of dengue in Malaysia. Independent screening of titles/abstracts followed by full texts was performed using pre-specified criteria. RESULTS A total of 198 publications were included (55 peer-reviewed and 143 grey literature). Dengue incidence has been increasing in recent years, with 130,101 cases (dengue fever [DF] 129,578 cases; dengue haemorrhagic fever [DHF] 523 cases) reported in 2019, which is the highest since 2012. All DENV serotypes co-circulated between 2004 and 2017, and major outbreaks occurred in a cyclical pattern, often associated with a change in the predominant circulating serotype. Economic impacts are substantial, including the societal impact of lost work (7.2-8.8 days) and school days (3.2-4.1 days) due to dengue. CONCLUSIONS The rising incidence and high cost of dengue, coupled with overlapping diseases, will likely result in further pressures on the healthcare system. To appropriately mitigate and control dengue, it is critical to implement integrated strategies, including vaccination, to reduce the burden of dengue.
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15
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Bhwana D, Mmbando BP, Dusabimana A, Mhina A, Challe DP, Fodjo JNS, Makunde WH, Colebunders R. Ivermectin treatment response in two rural villages with a high prevalence of onchocerciasis and epilepsy, Mahenge Tanzania. Afr Health Sci 2022; 22:607-616. [PMID: 36910370 PMCID: PMC9993262 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v22i3.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite 20 years of ivermectin mass distribution in the Mahenge area, Tanzania, the prevalence of onchocerciasis and epilepsy has remained high in rural villages. Objectives We investigated the efficacy of ivermectin in reducing Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae and predictors for parasitic load following ivermectin treatment in persons with (PWE) and without epilepsy (PWOE). Methods Between April and September 2019, 50 PWE and 160 randomly selected PWOE from Msogezi and Mdindo villages participated in a follow-up study. Skin snips were obtained pre (baseline) and three months post-ivermectin treatment. Results The overall prevalence of O. volvulus positive skin snips at baseline was 49% (103/210), with no significant difference between PWE (58.0%) and PWOE (46.3%); p=0.197. The overall mean microfilarial density was significantly higher at baseline 1.45(95%CI:0.98-2.04)) than three-month post-ivermectin treatment (0.23(95%CI:0.11-0.37), p<0.001. Three months after ivermectin, the microfilarial density had decreased by ≥80% in 54 (81.8%, 95%CI: 72.3-91.4) of the 66 individuals with positive skin snips at baseline. High microfilarial density at baseline was the only significant predictor associated with higher microfilarial density in the post-ivermectin skin snips. Conclusion Our study reports a decrease in microfilarial density following ivermectin treatment in most individuals. Optimizing ivermectin coverage will address the ongoing onchocerciasis transmission in Mahenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bhwana
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Research Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
- Global Health Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bruno P Mmbando
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Research Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | | | - Athanas Mhina
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Research Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - Daniel P Challe
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Research Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | | | - Williams H Makunde
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Research Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
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16
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Khoo HY, Lee HY, Khor CS, Tan KK, bin Hassan MR, Wong CM, Agustar HK, Samsusah NA, Rahim SSSA, bin Jeffree MS, Yusof NA, Haron NA, binti Amin Z, Hod R, AbuBakar S. Seroprevalence of Zika Virus among Forest Fringe Communities in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah: General Population-Based Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:tpmd210988. [PMID: 35895331 PMCID: PMC9490650 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-0988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has had a history in Malaysia since its first isolation in 1966. However, it is believed that the immunity status among forest fringe communities has been underreported. We conducted cross-sectional surveillance of forest fringe communities from 10 Orang Asli villages and their peripheral communities in Perak, Pahang, and Sabah in Malaysia. A total of 706 samples were collected from 2019 to 2020 and screened for ZIKV exposure using an anti-ZIKV IgG ELISA kit. A neutralization assay against ZIKV was used to confirm the reactive samples. The seroprevalence results reported from the study of this population in Malaysia were 21.0% (n = 148, 95% CI, 0.183-0.273) after confirmation with a foci reduction neutralization test. The presence of neutralizing antibodies provides evidence that the studied forest fringe communities in Malaysia have been exposed to ZIKV. Multivariate analysis showed that those older than 44 years and those with an education below the university level had been exposed significantly to ZIKV. In addition, higher seropositivity rates to ZIKV were also reported among secondary school students from Bentong (Pahang) and residents from Segaliud (Sabah). No associations were identified between Zika seropositivity and gender, household size, house radius to the jungle, and income level. The presence of neutralizing antibodies against ZIKV among the study population might indicate that the causative pathogen had already circulated widely in forest fringe regions. Intervention for vector control, protection from mosquito bites, and awareness improvement should be encouraged in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooi-Yuen Khoo
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hai-Yen Lee
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Sieng Khor
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kim-Kee Tan
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rohaizat bin Hassan
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chin Mun Wong
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hani Kartini Agustar
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nadia Aqilla Samsusah
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science & Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Nur Athirah Yusof
- Biotechnology Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Noor Ain Haron
- Biotechnology Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Zarina binti Amin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Hod
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Dengue Seroprevalence and Factors Associated with Dengue Seropositivity in Petaling District, Malaysia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127170. [PMID: 35742419 PMCID: PMC9223214 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a major public health concern, posing huge economic and disease burdens globally. In Malaysia, the incidence of DENV infections has increased significantly over the years. Nevertheless, the passive surveillance mechanism applied may not capture the actual magnitude of DENV infection. There was also a paucity of community-based studies exploring DENV seroprevalence. This study aimed to determine the DENV seroprevalence and the associated factors among the urban population in Petaling district, Malaysia. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 18 August to 26 October 2018 with 533 participants recruited. Blood samples were collected and analysed for DENV seropositivity using a composite reference standard comprised of three dengue serological tests. Associated factors were identified by fitting Generalised Linear Mixed Models with binomial error structure and logit link function. DENV seroprevalence obtained was 79.0% (95% CI: 75.2–82.4%). The age-specific DENV seroprevalence showed an increasing trend with advancing age, from 22.7% (95% CI: 9.6–45.0%) for those aged below five years old to 94.9% (95% CI: 81.3–98.7%) for those aged ≥60 years old. Only age group and house level were found to be significant factors associated with DENV seropositivity. The odds of being DENV seropositive generally increased with age, from 13.43 (95% CI: 2.77–65.22) for the 5–9 years old age group to 384.77 (95% CI: 39.27–3769.97) for the ≥60 years old age group, as compared to those aged below 5 years old. For house level, those who lived on the first and second floor (OR: 8.98, 95% CI: 3.16–25.12) and the third floor and above (OR: 4.82, 95% CI: 1.89–12.32) had greater odds of being DENV seropositive compared to those living on the ground floor. This study demonstrated the persistently high DENV seroprevalence among the urban population in Petaling district, which could be useful to evaluate dengue control measures taken and estimate more accurate disease incidence. The associated factors with DENV seropositivity identified could also contribute to undertaking more targeted preventive and control measures.
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Mtemeli FL, Ndlovu J, Mugumbate G, Makwikwi T, Shoko R. Advances in schistosomiasis drug discovery based on natural products. ALL LIFE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2022.2080281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. L. Mtemeli
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - J. Ndlovu
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - G. Mugumbate
- Department of Chemical Technology, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - T. Makwikwi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R. Shoko
- Department of Biology, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
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Toh G, Pearce E, Vines J, Ikhtabi S, Birken M, Pitman A, Johnson S. Digital interventions for subjective and objective social isolation among individuals with mental health conditions: a scoping review. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:331. [PMID: 35549899 PMCID: PMC9098213 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation encompasses subjective and objective concepts. Both are associated with negative health consequences and are more prevalent among people with mental health problems than among the general population. To alleviate social isolation, digital interventions have potential as accessible alternatives or adjuncts to face-to-face interventions. This scoping review aimed to describe the types of digital interventions evaluated for feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness in alleviating social isolation among individuals with mental health problems, and to present an overview of the quantitative evidence yielded to inform future intervention design. METHODS We searched five electronic databases for quantitative and mixed methods studies published between January 2000 and July 2020. Studies were included if they evaluated digital interventions for individuals with mental health conditions, had subjective and/or objective social isolation as their primary outcome, or as one of their outcomes if no primary outcome was specified. Feasibility studies were included if feasibility outcomes were the primary outcomes and social isolation was among their secondary outcomes. A narrative synthesis was conducted to present our findings. The protocol was registered on Open Science Framework (doi: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/CNX8A ). RESULTS Thirty-two studies were included for our review: 16 feasibility studies, seven single-group studies and nine effectiveness trials. There was great variation in the interventions, study designs and sample populations. Interventions included web-based programmes, phone-based programmes, blended interventions, socially assistive robots and virtual reality interventions. Many were feasibility studies, or otherwise not fully powered to detect an effect if one were present, thus preventing clear conclusions about clinical effectiveness. Satisfactory feasibility outcomes indicated potential for future trials to assess these interventions. CONCLUSION Our scoping review identified a range of digital approaches utilized to alleviate social isolation among individuals with mental health disorders. Conclusions regarding clinical effectiveness cannot be reached due to variability of approaches and lack of large-scale randomized controlled trials. To make clear recommendations for digital social isolation interventions, future research needs to be based on rigorous methods and larger samples. Future studies should also focus on utilizing theory-driven approaches and improving existing approaches to advance the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigi Toh
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1W 7NF, UK.
| | - Eiluned Pearce
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1W 7NF, UK
| | - John Vines
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Crichton St, Newington, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Ikhtabi
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1W 7NF, UK
| | - Mary Birken
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1W 7NF, UK
| | - Alexandra Pitman
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1W 7NF, UK
- Camden and Islington National Health Service Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, St Pancras Way, London, NW1 0PE, UK
| | - Sonia Johnson
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1W 7NF, UK.
- Camden and Islington National Health Service Foundation Trust, St Pancras Hospital, St Pancras Way, London, NW1 0PE, UK.
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Selvarajoo S, Liew JWK, Chua TH, Tan W, Zaki RA, Ngui R, Sulaiman WYW, Ong PS, Vythilingam I. Dengue surveillance using gravid oviposition sticky (GOS) trap and dengue non-structural 1 (NS1) antigen test in Malaysia: randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2022; 12:571. [PMID: 35022501 PMCID: PMC8755775 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04643-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue remains a major public threat and existing dengue control/surveillance programs lack sensitivity and proactivity. More efficient methods are needed. A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted for 18 months to determine the efficacy of using a combination of gravid oviposition sticky (GOS) traps and dengue non-structural 1 (NS1) antigen for early surveillance of dengue among Aedes mosquito. Eight residential apartments were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups. GOS traps were placed at the intervention apartments weekly to trap Aedes mosquitoes and these tested for dengue NS1 antigen. When dengue-positive pool was detected, the community were notified and advised to execute protective measures. Fewer dengue cases were recorded in the intervention group than the control. Detection of NS1-positive mosquitoes was significantly associated with GOS Aedes index (rs = 0.68, P < 0.01) and occurrence of dengue cases (rs = 0.31, P < 0.01). Participants' knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward dengue control indicated significant improvement for knowledge (P < 0.01), practice (P < 0.01) and total scores (P < 0.01). Most respondents thought this surveillance method is good (81.2%) and supported its use nationwide. Thus, GOS trap and dengue NS1 antigen test can supplement the current dengue surveillance/control, in alignment with the advocated integrated vector management for reducing Aedes-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaneswari Selvarajoo
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Wee Kent Liew
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Enviromental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore, 569874, Singapore
| | - Tock H Chua
- Department of Pathobiology and Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Wing Tan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rafdzah Ahmad Zaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence Based Practice, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Romano Ngui
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yusoff Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Poo Soon Ong
- Petaling Jaya City Council, 46675, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Indra Vythilingam
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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21
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Leonhard SE, Tan CY, van der Eijk AA, Reisin RR, Franken SC, Huizinga R, Arends S, Batstra MR, Bezerra Jeronimo SM, Drenthen J, de Koning L, Leon Cejas L, Marchesoni C, Marques W, Shahrizaila N, Casas DF, Sotelo A, Tillard B, Dourado ME, Jacobs BC. Antecedent infections in Guillain-Barré syndrome in endemic areas of arbovirus transmission: A multinational case-control study. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2021; 26:449-460. [PMID: 34549484 PMCID: PMC9291970 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Half of the world's population is at risk of arthropod‐borne virus (arbovirus) infections. Several arbovirus infections have been associated with Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS). We investigated whether arboviruses are driving GBS beyond epidemic phases of transmission and studied the antibody response to glycolipids. The protocol of the International Guillain‐Barré syndrome Outcome Study (IGOS), an observational prospective cohort study, was adapted to a case‐control design. Serum samples were tested for a recent infection with Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya (CHIKV) virus, hepatitis E virus, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Campylobacter jejuni, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and for antibodies to glycolipids. Forty‐nine patients were included from Brazil (63%), Argentina (14%), and Malaysia (22%). Evidence of a recent infection was found in 27/49 (55%) patients: C jejuni (n = 15, 31%), M pneumoniae (n = 5, 10%), CHIKV (n = 2, 4%), EBV (n = 1, 2%), C jejuni and M pneumoniae (n = 2, 4%), CMV and DENV (n = 1, 2%), and C jejuni and DENV (n = 1, 2%). In 22 patients, 35 paired controls were collected. Odds ratio for recent infections did not significantly differ between cases and controls. No typical anti‐ganglioside antibody binding was associated with recent arbovirus infection. We conclude that arbovirus infections occur in GBS patients outside of epidemic viral transmission, although not significantly more than in controls. Broad infection and anti‐ganglioside antibody serology are important to establish the most likely pathogenic trigger in GBS patients. Larger studies are necessary to determine the association between arboviruses and GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja E Leonhard
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cheng Yin Tan
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Annemiek A van der Eijk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo R Reisin
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Suzanne C Franken
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruth Huizinga
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Samuel Arends
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manou R Batstra
- Department RH-MDC - Immunology, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Selma M Bezerra Jeronimo
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Judith Drenthen
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura de Koning
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cintia Marchesoni
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Británico, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Wilson Marques
- Department of Neurology, Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Nortina Shahrizaila
- Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dardo F Casas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Dr Enrique Vera Barros, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Andrea Sotelo
- Department of Neurology, Sanatorio Adventista del Plata, Entre Rios, Argentina
| | - Belen Tillard
- Department of Neurology, Sanatorio Los Arcos, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Bart C Jacobs
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Mwanyika GO, Sindato C, Rugarabamu S, Rumisha SF, Karimuribo ED, Misinzo G, Rweyemamu MM, Abdel Hamid MM, Haider N, Vairo F, Kock R, Mboera LEG. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of chikungunya, dengue, and Zika in eight districts in Tanzania. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 111:271-280. [PMID: 34428546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of chikungunya (CHIKV), dengue (DENV), and Zika (ZIKV) viruses in Tanzania. METHODS The study covered the districts of Buhigwe, Kalambo, Kilindi, Kinondoni, Kondoa, Kyela, Mvomero, and Ukerewe in Tanzania. Blood samples were collected from individuals recruited from households and healthcare facilities. An ELISA was used to screen for immunoglobulin G antibodies against CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV. RESULTS A total of 1818 participants (median age 34 years) were recruited. The overall CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV seroprevalence rates were 28.0%, 16.1%, and 6.8%, respectively. CHIKV prevalence was highest in Buhigwe (46.8%), DENV in Kinondoni (43.8%), and ZIKV in Ukerewe (10.6%) and Mvomero (10.6%). Increasing age and frequent mosquito bites were significantly associated with CHIKV and DENV seropositivity (P < 0.05). Having piped water or the presence of stagnant water around the home (P < 0.01) were associated with higher odds of DENV seropositivity. Fever was significantly associated with increased odds of CHIKV seropositivity (P < 0.001). Visiting mines had higher odds of ZIKV seropositivity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV are circulating in diverse ecological zones of Tanzania. There is a need to strengthen the control of mosquito-borne viral diseases in Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspary O Mwanyika
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Calvin Sindato
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; National Institute for Medical Research, Tabora Research Centre, Tabora, Tanzania.
| | - Sima Rugarabamu
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Susan F Rumisha
- National Institute for Medical Research, Headquarters, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Malaria Atlas Project, Geospatial Health and Development, Telethon Kids Institute, West Perth, Western Australia.
| | - Esron D Karimuribo
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Biotechnology, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Mark M Rweyemamu
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
| | - Muzamil M Abdel Hamid
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Medical Campus, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Najmul Haider
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Francesco Vairo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy.
| | - Richard Kock
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom.
| | - Leonard E G Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
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23
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Azami NAM, Moi ML, Salleh SA, Neoh HM, Kamaruddin MA, Jalal NA, Ismail N, Takasaki T, Kurane I, Jamal R. Dengue epidemic in Malaysia: urban versus rural comparison of dengue immunoglobulin G seroprevalence among Malaysian adults aged 35-74 years. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 114:798-811. [PMID: 32735681 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A periodic serosurvey of dengue seroprevalence is vital to determine the prevalence of dengue in countries where this disease is endemic. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dengue immunoglobulin G (IgG) seropositivity among healthy Malaysian adults living in urban and rural areas. METHODS A total of 2598 serum samples (1417 urban samples, 1181 rural samples) were randomly collected from adults ages 35-74 y. The presence of the dengue IgG antibody and neutralising antibodies to dengue virus (DENV) 1-4 was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the plaque reduction neutralisation test assay, respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of dengue IgG seropositivity was 85.39% in urban areas and 83.48% in rural areas. The seropositivity increased with every 10-y increase in age. Ethnicity was associated with dengue seropositivity in urban areas but not in rural areas. The factors associated with dengue seropositivity were sex and working outdoors. In dengue IgG-positive serum samples, 98.39% of the samples had neutralising antibodies against DENV3, but only 70.97% of them had neutralising antibodies against DENV4. CONCLUSION The high seroprevalence of dengue found in urban and rural areas suggests that both urban and rural communities are vital for establishing and sustaining DENV transmission in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Azila Muhammad Azami
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Meng Ling Moi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Sharifah Azura Salleh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Min Neoh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Arman Kamaruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nazihah Abdul Jalal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Ismail
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Tomohiko Takasaki
- Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, 253-0087, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kurane
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
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24
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Lim JK, Carabali M, Edwards T, Barro A, Lee JS, Dahourou D, Lee KS, Nikiema T, Shin MY, Bonnet E, Kagone T, Kaba L, Namkung S, Somé PA, Yang JS, Ridde V, Yoon IK, Alexander N, Seydou Y. Estimating the Force of Infection for Dengue Virus Using Repeated Serosurveys, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:130-139. [PMID: 33350906 PMCID: PMC7774580 DOI: 10.3201/eid2701.191650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of limited data on dengue virus in Burkina Faso, we conducted 4 consecutive age-stratified longitudinal serologic surveys, ≈6 months apart, among persons 1–55 years of age, during June 2015–March 2017, which included a 2016 outbreak. The seroconversion rate before the serosurvey enrollment was estimated by binomial regression, taking age as the duration of exposure, and assuming constant force of infection (FOI) over age and calendar time. We calculated FOI between consecutive surveys and rate ratios for potentially associated characteristics based on seroconversion using the duration of intervals. Among 2,897 persons at enrollment, 66.3% were IgG-positive, and estimated annual FOI was 5.95%. Of 1,269 enrollees participating in all 4 serosurveys, 438 were IgG-negative at enrollment. The annualized FOI ranged from 10% to 20% (during the 2016 outbreak). Overall, we observed high FOI for dengue. These results could support decision-making about control and preventive measures for dengue.
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25
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Gan SJ, Leong YQ, Bin Barhanuddin MFH, Wong ST, Wong SF, Mak JW, Ahmad RB. Dengue fever and insecticide resistance in Aedes mosquitoes in Southeast Asia: a review. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:315. [PMID: 34112220 PMCID: PMC8194039 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is the most important mosquito-borne viral disease in Southeast Asia. Insecticides remain the most effective vector control approach for Aedes mosquitoes. Four main classes of insecticides are widely used for mosquito control: organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids and carbamates. Here, we review the distribution of dengue fever from 2000 to 2020 and its associated mortality in Southeast Asian countries, and we gather evidence on the trend of insecticide resistance and its distribution in these countries since 2000, summarising the mechanisms involved. The prevalence of resistance to these insecticides is increasing in Southeast Asia, and the mechanisms of resistance are reported to be associated with target site mutations, metabolic detoxification, reduced penetration of insecticides via the mosquito cuticle and behavioural changes of mosquitoes. Continuous monitoring of the status of resistance and searching for alternative control measures will be critical for minimising any unpredicted outbreaks and improving public health. This review also provides improved insights into the specific use of insecticides for effective control of mosquitoes in these dengue endemic countries. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Jian Gan
- International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yong Qi Leong
- International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Monash University Malaysia, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siew Tung Wong
- International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shew Fung Wong
- International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Joon Wah Mak
- International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohani Binti Ahmad
- Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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26
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Pan YH, Liao MY, Chien YW, Ho TS, Ko HY, Yang CR, Chang SF, Yu CY, Lin SY, Shih PW, Shu PY, Chao DY, Pan CY, Chen HM, Perng GC, Ku CC, King CC. Use of seroprevalence to guide dengue vaccination plans for older adults in a dengue non-endemic country. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009312. [PMID: 33793562 PMCID: PMC8075253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A shift in dengue cases toward the adult population, accompanied by an increased risk of severe cases of dengue in the elderly, has created an important emerging issue in the past decade. To understand the level of past DENV infection among older adults after a large dengue outbreak occurred in southern Taiwan in 2015, we screened 1498 and 2603 serum samples from healthy residents aged ≥ 40 years in Kaohsiung City and Tainan City, respectively, to assess the seroprevalence of anti-DENV IgG in 2016. Seropositive samples were verified to exclude cross-reaction from Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), using DENV/JEV-NS1 indirect IgG ELISA. We further identified viral serotypes and secondary DENV infections among positive samples in the two cities. The overall age-standardized seroprevalence of DENV-IgG among participants was 25.77% in Kaohsiung and 11.40% in Tainan, and the seroprevalence was significantly higher in older age groups of both cities. Although the percentages of secondary DENV infection in Kaohsiung and Tainan were very similar (43.09% and 44.76%, respectively), DENV-1 and DENV-2 spanned a wider age range in Kaohsiung, whereas DENV-2 was dominant in Tainan. As very few studies have obtained the serostatus of DENV infection in older adults and the elderly, this study highlights the need for further investigation into antibody status, as well as the safety and efficacy of dengue vaccination in these older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Pan
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ying Liao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wen Chien
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tzong-Shiann Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng-Kung University Hospital (NCKUH), College of Medicine, NCKU, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Rur Yang
- Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Fen Chang
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pin-Wei Shih
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yun Shu
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Day-Yu Chao
- Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chao-Ying Pan
- Department of Health, Kaohsiung City Government, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hong-Ming Chen
- Public Health Bureau, Tainan City Government, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Guey-Chuen Perng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Chi Ku
- Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, NTU, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chwan-Chuen King
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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27
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Life as a Vector of Dengue Virus: The Antioxidant Strategy of Mosquito Cells to Survive Viral Infection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030395. [PMID: 33807863 PMCID: PMC8000470 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease of increasing global importance. The disease has caused heavy burdens due to frequent outbreaks in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. The dengue virus (DENV) is generally transmitted between human hosts via the bite of a mosquito vector, primarily Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus as a minor species. It is known that the virus needs to alternately infect mosquito and human cells. DENV-induced cell death is relevant to the pathogenesis in humans as infected cells undergo apoptosis. In contrast, mosquito cells mostly survive the infection; this allows infected mosquitoes to remain healthy enough to serve as an efficient vector in nature. Overexpression of antioxidant genes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutaredoxin (Grx), thioredoxin (Trx), and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) have been detected in DENV2-infected mosquito cells. Additional antioxidants, including GST, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5a), and p53 isoform 2 (p53-2), and perhaps some others, are also involved in creating an intracellular environment suitable for cell replication and viral infection. Antiapoptotic effects involving inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) upregulation and subsequent elevation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities also play crucial roles in the ability of mosquito cells to survive DENV infection. This article focused on the effects of intracellular responses in mosquito cells to infection primarily by DENVs. It may provide more information to better understand virus/cell interactions that can possibly elucidate the evolutionary pathway that led to the mosquito becoming a vector.
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28
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Eze P, Agu UJ, Aniebo CL, Agu SA, Lawani LO. Perception and attitudinal factors contributing to periodic deworming of preschool children in an urban slum, Nigeria. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1839. [PMID: 33261596 PMCID: PMC7708184 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over 20 million preschool-age children (PSAC) in Nigeria require periodic chemotherapy (PC) for soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections. Persistently low coverage for this age group threatens the World Health Organization (WHO) 2030 target for eliminating STH infections. Current strategies for targeting PSAC have been largely ineffective. Hence, PSAC are mostly dewormed by their parents/caregivers. However, little is known of the perception and attitude of parents/caregivers of PSAC to deworming in this setting. Methods A mixed methods design, combining a community-based interviewer-administered questionnaire-survey (n = 433) and focus group discussions (FGD) (n = 43) was used to assess the perceptions and attitudes of mothers to periodic deworming of preschool children aged 2–5 years in Abakpa-Nike, Enugu, Nigeria. Results Coverage of periodic deworming in PSAC is 42% (95% CI: 37.3–46.8%). There is significant difference in the specific knowledge of transmission of STH (AOR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.48–0.81, p = 0.000), complication of STH infections (AOR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.61–0.98, p = 0.034), accurate knowledge of deworming frequency (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.18–0.90, p = 0.026), and knowledge of PC drug, mebendazole (AOR = 0.28, 95% CI: 0.09–0.90, p = 0.031), and pyrantel (AOR = 8.03, 95% CI: 2.22–29.03, p = 0.001) between mothers who periodically deworm their PSAC and those who do not. There is no significant difference in specific knowledge of the symptoms of STH infections (AOR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.57–1.02, p = 0.069) and PC drug, Albendazole (AOR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.46–2.11, p = 0.972). FGD revealed misconceptions that are rooted in stark ignorance of the disease. Overall attitude to deworming is positive and favourable. Conclusions Poor coverage of periodic deworming for STH infections in PSAC in this setting are primarily driven by poor specific knowledge of the risks and burden of the infection. Focused health education on the burden and transmission of STH infections could complement existing strategies to improve periodic deworming of PSAC in this setting. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-020-09958-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Eze
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, Penn State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Ujunwa Justina Agu
- Department of Paediatrics, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Chioma Lynda Aniebo
- Department of Paediatrics, Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Sergius Alex Agu
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Lucky Osaheni Lawani
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M6, Canada
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29
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Cattarino L, Rodriguez-Barraquer I, Imai N, Cummings DAT, Ferguson NM. Mapping global variation in dengue transmission intensity. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:12/528/eaax4144. [PMID: 31996463 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax4144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Intervention planning for dengue requires reliable estimates of dengue transmission intensity. However, current maps of dengue risk provide estimates of disease burden or the boundaries of endemicity rather than transmission intensity. We therefore developed a global high-resolution map of dengue transmission intensity by fitting environmentally driven geospatial models to geolocated force of infection estimates derived from cross-sectional serological surveys and routine case surveillance data. We assessed the impact of interventions on dengue transmission and disease using Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes and the Sanofi-Pasteur vaccine as specific examples. We predicted high transmission intensity in all continents straddling the tropics, with hot spots in South America (Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil), Africa (western and central African countries), and Southeast Asia (Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines). We estimated that 105 [95% confidence interval (CI), 95 to 114] million dengue infections occur each year with 51 (95% CI, 32 to 66) million febrile disease cases. Our analysis suggests that transmission-blocking interventions such as Wolbachia, even at intermediate efficacy (50% transmission reduction), might reduce global annual disease incidence by up to 90%. The Sanofi-Pasteur vaccine, targeting only seropositive recipients, might reduce global annual disease incidence by 20 to 30%, with the greatest impact in high-transmission settings. The transmission intensity map presented here, and made available for download, may help further assessment of the impact of dengue control interventions and prioritization of global public health efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Cattarino
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK.
| | | | - Natsuko Imai
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Derek A T Cummings
- Department of Biology and Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, P. O. Box 100009, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Neil M Ferguson
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
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Gebrezgabiher G, Mekonnen Z, Yewhalaw D, Hailu A. Status of parasitological indicators and morbidity burden of onchocerciasis after years of successive implementation of mass distribution of ivermectin in selected communities of Yeki and Asosa districts, Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1233. [PMID: 32787813 PMCID: PMC7425055 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09344-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Control and elimination of onchocerciasis requires regular follow-up and evaluation of community directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTi) program implementation. This research was aimed to assess the epidemiological status of onchocerciasis in disease endemic communities of Asosa and Yeki districts of Ethiopia after 5 and 15 years of successive CDTi respectively, and to evaluate the decline in infection and morbidity burden. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2017 to January 2018 (i.e. within 2–7 months since the last treatment) using interview, physical and parasitological examinations. Pre-CDTi epidemiological data were obtained from studies conducted prior to the launch of CDTi. Results A total of 3002 individuals (1567 from Asosa and 1435 from Yeki) were included. No infection was detected from Yeki. In Asosa, the prevalence of infection was 1.6%. The geometric mean intensity of infection was 0.02 mf/mg of skin snip. The prevalence rates of dermatitis, depigmentation, nodule, and atrophy in Yeki were 33(2.3%), 57(4%), 37(2.6%) and 11(0.7%), respectively. The prevalence rates of papular dermatitis, depigmentation, palpable nodule, atrophy, and blindness in Asosa were 94(6%), 38(2.4%), 30(1.9%), 28(1.8%) and 2(0.1%), respectively. Five years of CDTi had significantly reduced prevalence and intensity of infection by 91.8% (p < 0.001) and 99.7% (p < 0.001), respectively. Moreover, CDTi reduced prevalence of papular dermatitis by 95.9% (p < 0.001), palpable nodule by 90.5% (p < 0.001), and atrophy by 30% (p = 0.6) in Yeki. Similarly, CDTi reduced prevalence of papular dermatitis by 88.6% (p < 0.001), depigmentation by 90.3% (p < 0.001), atrophy by 89.5% (p < 0.001), and blindness by 90% (p < 0.001) in Asosa. Conclusions Fifteen years of successive CDTi had brought the infection from high to zero in Yeki. However, thorough entomological and serological data need to be generated to ascertain whether complete interruption of parasite transmission has been attained, and for considerations of an evidence-based CDTi cessation. Five years of CDTi in Asosa has significantly reduced the infection and morbidity of onchocerciasis to very low level. We, hereby, recommend biannual CDTi to continue in Asosa and its surroundings until the infection transmission is fully interrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gebremedhin Gebrezgabiher
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Samara University, P.O. Box 132, Samara, Ethiopia. .,School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
| | - Zeleke Mekonnen
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Delenasaw Yewhalaw
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.,Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Center, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Hailu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Incidence and epidemiological features of dengue in Sabah, Malaysia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007504. [PMID: 32392222 PMCID: PMC7241834 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In South East Asia, dengue epidemics have increased in size and geographical distribution in recent years. We examined the spatiotemporal distribution and epidemiological characteristics of reported dengue cases in the predominantly rural state of Sabah, in Malaysian Borneo-an area where sylvatic and urban circulation of pathogens are known to intersect. Using a public health data set of routinely notified dengue cases in Sabah between 2010 and 2016, we described demographic and entomological risk factors, both before and after a 2014 change in the clinical case definition for the disease. Annual dengue incidence rates were spatially variable over the 7-year study period from 2010-2016 (state-wide mean annual incidence of 21 cases/100,000 people; range 5-42/100,000), but were highest in rural localities in the western districts of the state (Kuala Penyu, Nabawan, Tenom and Kota Marudu). Eastern districts exhibited lower overall dengue rates, although a high proportion of severe (haemorrhagic) dengue cases (44%) were focused in Sandakan and Tawau. Dengue incidence was highest for those aged between 10 and 29 years (24/100,000), and was slightly higher for males compared to females. Available vector surveillance data indicated that during large outbreaks in 2015 and 2016 the mosquito Aedes albopictus was more prevalent in both urban and rural households (House Index of 64%) than Ae. aegypti (15%). Demographic patterns remained unchanged both before and after the dengue case definition was changed; however, in the years following the change, reported case numbers increased substantially. Overall, these findings suggest that dengue outbreaks in Sabah are increasing in both urban and rural settings. Future studies to better understand the drivers of risk in specific age groups, genders and geographic locations, and to test the potential role of Ae. albopictus in transmission, may help target dengue prevention and control efforts.
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Tan W, Liew JWK, Selvarajoo S, Lim XY, Foo CJ, Refai WF, Robson N, Othman S, Hadi HA, Mydin FHM, Malik TFA, Lau YL, Vythilingam I. Inapparent dengue in a community living among dengue-positive Aedes mosquitoes and in a hospital in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Acta Trop 2020; 204:105330. [PMID: 31917959 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The public health burden of dengue is most likely under reported. Current dengue control measures only considered symptomatic dengue transmission. Hence, there is a paucity of information on the epidemiology of inapparent dengue. This study reports that many people have been unknowingly exposed to dengue infection. Almost 10% and 70% of individuals without any history of dengue infection and living in a dengue hotspot, in Selangor, Malaysia, were dengue IgM and IgG positive respectively. When dengue-positive mosquitoes were detected in the hotspot, 11 (6.3%) of the 174 individuals tested were found to have dengue viremia, of which 10 were asymptomatic. Besides, upon detection of a dengue-infected mosquito, transmission was already widespread. In a clinical setting, it appears that people living with dengue patients have been exposed to dengue, whether asymptomatic or symptomatic. They can either have circulating viral RNA and/or presence of NS1 antigen. It is also possible that they are dengue seropositive. Collectively, the results indicate that actions taken to control dengue transmission after the first report of dengue cases may be already too late. The current study also revealed challenges in diagnosing clinically inapparent dengue in hyperendemic settings. There is no one best method for diagnosing inapparent dengue. This study demonstrates empirical evidence of inapparent dengue in different settings. Early dengue surveillance in the mosquito population and active serological/virological surveillance in humans can go hand in hand. More studies are required to investigate the epidemiology, seroprevalence, diagnostics, and control of inapparent dengue. It is also crucial to educate the public, health staff and medical professionals on asymptomatic dengue and to propagate awareness, which is important for controlling transmission.
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Chen J, Qiu Y, Yang R, Li L, Hou J, Lu K, Xu L. The characteristics of spatial-temporal distribution and cluster of tuberculosis in Yunnan Province, China, 2005-2018. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1715. [PMID: 31864329 PMCID: PMC6925503 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7993-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) makes a big challenge to public health, especially in high TB burden counties of China and Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). The aim of this study was to identify the spatial-temporal dynamic process and high-risk region of notified pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), sputum smear-positive tuberculosis (SSP-TB) and sputum smear-negative tuberculosis (SSN-TB) cases in Yunnan, the south-western of China between years of 2005 to 2018. Meanwhile, to evaluate the similarity of prevalence pattern for TB among GMS. METHODS Data for notified PTB were extracted from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention (CISDCP) correspond to population information in 129 counties of Yunnan between 2005 to 2018. Seasonally adjusted time series defined the trend cycle and seasonality of PTB prevalence. Kulldorff's space-time scan statistics was applied to identify temporal, spatial and spatial-temporal PTB prevalence clusters at county-level of Yunnan. Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical clustering were applied to define the similarity of TB prevalence among borders with GMS. RESULT There were a total of 381,855 notified PTB cases in Yunnan, and the average prevalence was 59.1 per 100,000 population between 2005 to 2018. A declined long-term trend with seasonality of a peak in spring and a trough in winter for PTB was observed. Spatial-temporal scan statistics detected the significant clusters of PTB prevalence, the most likely cluster concentrated in the northeastern angle of Yunnan between 2011 to 2015 (RR = 2.6, P < 0.01), though the most recent cluster for PTB and spatial cluster for SSP-TB was in borders with GMS. There were six potential TB prevalence patterns among GMS. CONCLUSION This study detected aggregated time interval and regions for PTB, SSP-TB, and SSN-TB at county-level of Yunnan province. Similarity prevalence pattern was found in borders and GMS. The localized prevention strategy should focus on cross-boundary transmission and SSN-TB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinou Chen
- Division of tuberculosis control and prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Yubing Qiu
- Division of tuberculosis control and prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Rui Yang
- Division of tuberculosis control and prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Ling Li
- Division of tuberculosis control and prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Jinglong Hou
- Division of tuberculosis control and prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Kunyun Lu
- Division of tuberculosis control and prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Lin Xu
- Division of tuberculosis control and prevention, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, Yunnan China
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Khor CS, Mohd-Rahim NF, Hassan H, Tan KK, Zainal N, Teoh BT, Sam SS, Khoo JJ, Lee HY, Lim YAL, Abubakar S. Serological evidence of DENV, JEV, and ZIKV among the indigenous people (Orang Asli) of Peninsular Malaysia. J Med Virol 2019; 92:956-962. [PMID: 31814135 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) are mosquito-borne flavivirus of medical importance in tropical countries such as Malaysia. However, much remains unknown regarding their prevalence among the underserved indigenous people (Orang Asli) living in communities in the forest fringe areas of Peninsular Malaysia. Information on the prevalence of diseases is necessary to elevate the effectiveness of disease control and preventive measures. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of the three major flaviviruses among the Orang Asli and investigate the association between demographic factors and seropositivities. Sampling activities were conducted in the Orang Asli villages to obtain serum samples and demographic data from consenting volunteers. The presence of DENV, JEV, and ZIKV immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the sera were examined using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. A focus reduction neutralization assay was performed to measure virus-specific neutralizing antibodies. A total of 872 serum samples were obtained from the Orang Asli volunteers. Serological assay results revealed that DENV IgG, JEV IgG, and ZIKV IgG seropositivities among the Orang Asli were at 4.9%, 48.4%, and 13.2%, respectively. Neutralizing antibodies (FRNT50 ≥ 1:40) against JEV and ZIKV were found in 86.7% and 100.0%, respectively, out of the samples tested. Positive serology to all three viruses corresponded significantly to the age of the volunteers with increasing seropositivity in older volunteers. Findings from the study suggest that Orang Asli are at significant risk of contracting JEV and ZIKV infections despite the lack of active transmission of the viruses in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Sieng Khor
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul-Farhana Mohd-Rahim
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Habibi Hassan
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kim-Kee Tan
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurhafiza Zainal
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Boon-Teong Teoh
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sing-Sin Sam
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jing-Jing Khoo
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hai-Yen Lee
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yvonne Ai-Lian Lim
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly Abubakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Proesmans S, Katshongo F, Milambu J, Fungula B, Muhindo Mavoko H, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Inocêncio da Luz R, Van Esbroeck M, Ariën KK, Cnops L, De Smet B, Lutumba P, Van Geertruyden JP, Vanlerberghe V. Dengue and chikungunya among outpatients with acute undifferentiated fever in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: A cross-sectional study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007047. [PMID: 31487279 PMCID: PMC6748445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogens causing acute fever, with the exception of malaria, remain largely unidentified in sub-Saharan Africa, given the local unavailability of diagnostic tests and the broad differential diagnosis. Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional study including outpatient acute undifferentiated fever in both children and adults, between November 2015 and June 2016 in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Serological and molecular diagnostic tests for selected arboviral infections were performed on blood, including PCR, NS1-RDT, ELISA and IFA for acute, and ELISA and IFA for past infections. Results Investigation among 342 patients, aged 2 to 68 years (mean age of 21 years), with acute undifferentiated fever (having no clear focus of infection) revealed 19 (8.1%) acute dengue–caused by DENV-1 and/or DENV-2 –and 2 (0.9%) acute chikungunya infections. Furthermore, 30.2% and 26.4% of participants had been infected in the past with dengue and chikungunya, respectively. We found no evidence of acute Zika nor yellow fever virus infections. 45.3% of patients tested positive on malaria Rapid Diagnostic Test, 87.7% received antimalarial treatment and 64.3% received antibacterial treatment. Discussion Chikungunya outbreaks have been reported in the study area in the past, so the high seroprevalence is not surprising. However, scarce evidence exists on dengue transmission in Kinshasa and based on our data, circulation is more important than previously reported. Furthermore, our study shows that the prescription of antibiotics, both antibacterial and antimalarial drugs, is rampant. Studies like this one, elucidating the causes of acute fever, may lead to a more considerate and rigorous use of antibiotics. This will not only stem the ever-increasing problem of antimicrobial resistance, but will–ultimately and hopefully–improve the clinical care of outpatients in low-resource settings. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02656862. Malaria remains one of the most important causes of fever in sub-Saharan Africa. However, its share is declining, since the diagnosis and treatment of malaria have improved significantly over the years. Hence leading to an increase in the number of patients presenting with non-malarial fever. Often, obvious clinical signs and symptoms like cough or diarrhea are absent, probing the question: “What causes the fever?” Previous studies have shown that the burden of arboviral infections–like dengue and chikungunya–in sub-Saharan Africa is underestimated, which is why we screened for four common arboviral infections in patients presenting with ‘undifferentiated fever’ at an outpatient clinic in suburban Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Among the patients tested, we found that one in ten presented with an acute arboviral infection and that almost one in three patients had been infected in the past. These findings suggest that clinicians should think about arboviral infections more often, thereby refraining from the prescription of antibiotics, a practice increasingly problematic given the global rise of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Freddy Katshongo
- Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - John Milambu
- Centre Hospitalier Lisungi, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Blaise Fungula
- Centre Hospitalier Lisungi, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Hypolite Muhindo Mavoko
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Steve Ahuka-Mundeke
- Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.,Institut National de Reserche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | | | - Kevin K Ariën
- University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Pascal Lutumba
- Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.,Institut National de Reserche Biomédicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Wahid I, Ishak H, Hafid A, Fajri M, Sidjal S, Nurdin A, Azikin NT, Sudirman R, Hasan H, Yusuf M, Bachtiar I, Hawley WA, Rosenberg R, Lobo NF. Integrated vector management with additional pre-transmission season thermal fogging is associated with a reduction in dengue incidence in Makassar, Indonesia: Results of an 8-year observational study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007606. [PMID: 31381570 PMCID: PMC6695203 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus transmission is endemic in Makassar, Indonesia, with the majority of cases reported soon after the start of the annual rainy season. Before 2006, larval source reduction, larvaciding, and reactive routine, outdoor, insecticide fogging campaigns did not result in a reduction in seasonal dengue incidence. Beginning in 2006, village volunteers conducted comprehensive surveys for immature Aedes during the dry season, when vector populations were at their lowest. Based on this pre-season vector data, a single additional pre-emptive outdoor fogging with Malathion was conducted once annually before the rains began in villages with a pre-defined proportion of sampled houses positive for Aedes immatures. This additional procedure was associated with reduced temporal larval indices as well as an 83% reduction in reported cases during the transmission season over the 8-year period of implementation. Two cities adjacent to Makassar experienced substantial but smaller reductions in dengue incidence; while other cities further from the intervention area did not. This represents the first time an integrated intervention strategy has been coupled with substantially reduced dengue transmission in Indonesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isra Wahid
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Hasanuddin Ishak
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rusdyah Sudirman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Hajar Hasan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Imam Bachtiar
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - William A. Hawley
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Unicef, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ronald Rosenberg
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Neil F. Lobo
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
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Manning JE, Oliveira F, Parker DM, Amaratunga C, Kong D, Man S, Sreng S, Lay S, Nang K, Kimsan S, Sokha L, Kamhawi S, Fay MP, Suon S, Ruhl P, Ackerman H, Huy R, Wellems TE, Valenzuela JG, Leang R. The PAGODAS protocol: pediatric assessment group of dengue and Aedes saliva protocol to investigate vector-borne determinants of Aedes-transmitted arboviral infections in Cambodia. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:664. [PMID: 30572920 PMCID: PMC6300895 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito-borne arboviruses, like dengue virus, continue to cause significant global morbidity and mortality, particularly in Southeast Asia. When the infectious mosquitoes probe into human skin for a blood meal, they deposit saliva containing a myriad of pharmacologically active compounds, some of which alter the immune response and influence host receptivity to infection, and consequently, the establishment of the virus. Previous reports have highlighted the complexity of mosquito vector-derived factors and immunity in the success of infection. Cumulative evidence from animal models and limited data from humans have identified various vector-derived components, including salivary components, that are co-delivered with the pathogen and play an important role in the dissemination of infection. Much about the roles and effects of these vector-derived factors remain to be discovered. METHODS/DESIGN We describe a longitudinal, pagoda (community)-based pediatric cohort study to evaluate the burden of dengue virus infection and document the immune responses to salivary proteins of Aedes aegypti, the mosquito vector of dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses. The study includes community-based seroprevalence assessments in the peri-urban town of Chbar Mon in Kampong Speu Province, Cambodia. The study aims to recruit 771 children between the ages of 2 and 9 years for a three year period of longitudinal follow-up, including twice per year (rainy and dry season) serosurveillance for dengue seroconversion and Ae. aegypti salivary gland homogenate antibody intensity determinations by ELISA assays. Diagnostic tests for acute dengue, Zika and chikungunya viral infections will be performed by RT-PCR. DISCUSSION This study will serve as a foundation for further understanding of mosquito saliva immunity and its impact on Aedes-transmitted arboviral diseases endemic to Cambodia. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03534245 registered on 23 May 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E. Manning
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland USA
| | - Fabiano Oliveira
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland USA
| | - Daniel M. Parker
- Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Chanaki Amaratunga
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland USA
| | - Dara Kong
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Somnang Man
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sokunthea Sreng
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sreyngim Lay
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kimsour Nang
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Soun Kimsan
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ly Sokha
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Shaden Kamhawi
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland USA
| | - Michael P. Fay
- Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland USA
| | - Seila Suon
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Parker Ruhl
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland USA
| | - Hans Ackerman
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland USA
| | - Rekol Huy
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Thomas E. Wellems
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland USA
| | - Jesus G. Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland USA
| | - Rithea Leang
- National Center of Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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Adam A, Schüttoff T, Reiche S, Jassoy C. High seroprevalence of dengue virus indicates that dengue virus infections are frequent in central and eastern Sudan. Trop Med Int Health 2018; 23:960-967. [PMID: 29907989 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the seroprevalence of dengue in central and eastern Sudan and the breadth of neutralising antibody responses. METHODS Blood was drawn from 483 patients with fever who visited outpatient clinics in Port Sudan, Red Sea state, in three towns in Kassala state and in El Obeid, North Kordofan, in December 2012 and January 2013. Sera were tested for dengue virus IgG and IgM by ELISA (Panbio) and sera without serologic evidence of acute infection (IgM negative) were used for the analysis of the seroprevalence. DENV neutralisation tests were performed to determine the specificity of the ELISA and to examine the degree of cross-neutralisation of multiple DENV serotypes. RESULTS Sixty-seven per cent (302 of 448) of the sera were dengue virus IgG-positive. The seroprevalence in Port Sudan was 89% (106 of 119 sera), in Kassala 61% (128 of 209) and in North Kordofan 56.7% (68 of 120). Thirty-one of 32 ELISA-positive sera neutralised dengue viruses indicating that the ELISA was highly specific. The majority of the sera broadly neutralised all four dengue virus serotypes indicating multiple infections. CONCLUSIONS The majority of the population in central and eastern Sudan has been infected with dengue viruses, many people repeatedly. The high seroprevalence underscores the need for extended dengue surveillance in Sudan, broad disease awareness in medical institutions and in the population and diagnostic capacity building for severe dengue infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awadalkareem Adam
- Institute for Virology, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tom Schüttoff
- Institute for Virology, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Reiche
- Institute for Virology, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Jassoy
- Institute for Virology, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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