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Purba AKR, Rosyid AN, Handayani S, Rachman BE, Romdhoni AC, Al Farabi MJ, Wahyuhadi J, Prananingtias R, Rahayu AN, Alkaff FF, Azmi YA, Prasetyo S, Nadjib M, Gutjahr LP, Humaidy RF. Economic Evaluation of COVID-19 Screening Tests and Surveillance Strategies in Low-Income, Middle-Income, and High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Med Sci Monit 2024; 30:e943863. [PMID: 38643358 PMCID: PMC11044836 DOI: 10.12659/msm.943863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Economic evaluation of the testing strategies to control transmission and monitor the severity of COVID-19 after the pandemic is essential. This study aimed to review the economic evaluation of COVID-19 tests and to construct a model with outcomes in terms of cost and test acceptability for surveillance in the post-pandemic period in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed the systematic review following PRISMA guidelines through MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. We included the relevant studies that reported the economic evaluation of COVID-19 tests for surveillance. Also, we input current probability, sensitivity, and specificity for COVID-19 surveillance in the post-pandemic period. RESULTS A total of 104 articles met the eligibility criteria, and 8 articles were reviewed and assessed for quality. The specificity and sensitivity of COVID-19 screening tests were reported as 80% to 90% and 40% to 90%, respectively. The target population presented a mortality rate between 0.2% and 19.2% in the post-pandemic period. The implementation model of COVID-19 screening tests for surveillance with a cost mean for molecular and antigen tests was US$ 46.64 (min-max US $0.25-$105.39) and US $6.15 (min-max US $2-$10), respectively. CONCLUSIONS For the allocation budget for the COVID-19 surveillance test, it is essential to consider the incidence and mortality of the post-pandemic period in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries. A robust method to evaluate outcomes is needed to prevent increasing COVID-19 incidents earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Khairul Rizki Purba
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Anatomy Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Eest Java, Indonesia
- Department of Health Science, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Medical Education Master Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Alfian Nur Rosyid
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Eest Java, Indonesia
| | - Samsriyaningsih Handayani
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Eest Java, Indonesia
| | - Brian Eka Rachman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Eest Java, Indonesia
| | - Achmad Chusnu Romdhoni
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Eest Java, Indonesia
| | - Makhyan Jibril Al Farabi
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Eest Java, Indonesia
| | - Joni Wahyuhadi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Eest Java, Indonesia
| | - Rosita Prananingtias
- Department of Medical Record, Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, Eest Java, Indonesia
| | - Ainun Nitsa Rahayu
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Eest Java, Indonesia
| | - Firas Farisi Alkaff
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapy, Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Eest Java, Indonesia
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yufi Aulia Azmi
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga-Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Eest Java, Indonesia
- Department Department of Health Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sabarinah Prasetyo
- Department of Biostatistic and Population Studies, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Mardiati Nadjib
- Department of Health Administration and Health Policy, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Raudia Faridah Humaidy
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Eest Java, Indonesia
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Murakami M, Fujii K, Naito W, Kamo M, Kitajima M, Yasutaka T, Imoto S. COVID-19 infection risk assessment and management at the Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games: A scoping review. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17 Suppl 1:18-26. [PMID: 37032255 PMCID: PMC10043948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games was one of the largest international mass-gathering events held after the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In this scoping review, we extracted papers discussing COVID-19 risk assessment or management at the Tokyo 2020 Games to determine the nature of studies that were conducted. Among the 75 papers obtained from two search engines (PubMed and ScienceDirect) and four papers collected from hand-searches, 30 papers were extracted. Only eight papers performed both COVID-19 prior risk assessment and quantitative evaluation of effectiveness measures, highlighting the importance of rapid, solution-focused risk assessment. Furthermore, this review revealed that the findings regarding the spread of COVID-19 infection to citizens in the host country were inconsistent depending on the assessment methods and that assessments of the spread of infection outside the host country were lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Murakami
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | - Wataru Naito
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masashi Kamo
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitajima
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yasutaka
- Research Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Wang X, Pei S, Wang L, La B, Zhao M, Zhang X, Jia Z. Investigation on the possibility of dynamic COVID-Zero strategy in China: a population-based transmission model analysis and economic evaluation. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067294. [PMID: 37536961 PMCID: PMC10401205 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the feasible and cost-effective intervention strategies to achieve the goal of dynamic COVID-Zero in China. DESIGN A Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered model combined economic evaluation was used to generate the number of infections, the time for dynamic COVID-Zero and calculate cost-effectiveness under different intervention strategies. The model simulated the 1 year spread of COVID-19 in mainland China after 100 initial infections were imported. INTERVENTIONS According to close contact tracing degree from 80% to 100%, close contact tracing time from 2 days to 1 day, isolation time from 14 days to 7 days, scope of nucleic acid testing (NAT) from 10% to 100% and NAT frequency from weekly to every day, 720 scenarios were simulated. OUTCOME MEASURE Cumulative number of infections (CI), social COVID-Zero duration (SCD), total cost (TC) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. RESULTS 205 of 720 scenarios could achieve the total COVID-Zero since the first case was reported. The fastest and most cost-effective strategy was Scenario 680, in which all close contacts were traced within 1 day, the isolation time was 14 days and 10% of the national population was randomly checked for NAT every day. In Scenario 680, the CI was 280 (100 initial infections) and the SCD was 13 days. The TC was ¥4126 hundred million and the cost of reducing one infection was ¥47 470. However, when the close contact tracing time was 2 days and the degree of close contact tracing was 80%-90%, the SCD would double to 24-101 days and the TCs increased by ¥16 505 to 37 134 hundred million compared with Scenario 680. CONCLUSIONS If all close contact was controlled within 1 day, the rapid social COVID-Zero can be achieved effectively and cost-effectively. Therefore, the future prevention and control of emerging respiratory infectious diseases can focus on enhancing the ability of close contact tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechun Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaojun Pei
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianhao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin La
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingchen Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwei Jia
- Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Peking University Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China
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Takeshita JI, Murakami M, Kamo M, Naito W, Yasutaka T, Imoto S. Quantifying the effect of isolation and negative certification on COVID-19 transmission. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11264. [PMID: 37438418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37872-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolation of close contact people and negative test certification are used to manage the spread of new coronavirus infections worldwide. These effectively prevent the spread of infection in advance, but they can lead to a decline in socio-economic activity. Thus, the present study quantified the extent to which isolation and negative test certification respectively reduce the risk of infection. To this end, a discrete-time SEIR model was used as the infectious disease model, and equations for calculating the conditional probability of non-infection status given negative test results on two different days were derived. Then the respective non-infection probabilities with two negative PCR test results, and with one negative PCR test result and one antigen test result, were quantified. By substituting initial parameters of the SEIR model into these probabilities, the present study revealed the following: (1) isolating close contact individuals can reduce by [Formula: see text] the risk of infection during the first 5 days, but five more days are needed to reduce the risk [Formula: see text] more, and seven more days to reduce the risk [Formula: see text] more; and (2) if an individual with a negative PCR test result has a negative antigen test result the next day, then his or her infection probability is between 0.6 and [Formula: see text]. Our results show that 5-day isolation has a proportionally greater effect on risk reduction, compared to longer isolation; and thus, if an isolation period of longer than 5 days is contemplated, both the risk reduction and the negative effects from such increased isolation should be considered. Regarding negative test certification, our results provide those in managerial positions, who must decide whether to accept the risk and hold mass-gathering events, with quantitative information that may be useful in their decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Takeshita
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Michio Murakami
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Kamo
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Wataru Naito
- Research Institute of Science for Safety and Sustainability, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yasutaka
- Research Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Li H, Zhang H. Cost-effectiveness analysis of COVID-19 screening strategy under China's dynamic zero-case policy. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1099116. [PMID: 37228729 PMCID: PMC10203195 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1099116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to optimize the COVID-19 screening strategies under China's dynamic zero-case policy through cost-effectiveness analysis. A total of 9 screening strategies with different screening frequencies and combinations of detection methods were designed. A stochastic agent-based model was used to simulate the progress of the COVID-19 outbreak in scenario I (close contacts were promptly quarantined) and scenario II (close contacts were not promptly quarantined). The primary outcomes included the number of infections, number of close contacts, number of deaths, the duration of the epidemic, and duration of movement restriction. Net monetary benefit (NMB) and the incremental cost-benefit ratio were used to compare the cost-effectiveness of different screening strategies. The results indicated that under China's COVID-19 dynamic zero-case policy, high-frequency screening can help contain the spread of the epidemic, reduce the size and burden of the epidemic, and is cost-effective. Mass antigen testing is not cost-effective compared with mass nucleic acid testing in the same screening frequency. It would be more cost-effective to use AT as a supplemental screening tool when NAT capacity is insufficient or when outbreaks are spreading very rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Li
- School of Medical Business, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Health Economics and Health Promotion Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Medical Business, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Health Economics and Health Promotion Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Yan X, Fang Y, Li Y, Jia Z, Zhang B. Risks, Epidemics, and Prevention Measures of Infectious Diseases in Major Sports Events: Scoping Review. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e40042. [PMID: 36459401 PMCID: PMC9758642 DOI: 10.2196/40042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major sports events are the focus of the world. However, the gathering of crowds during these events creates huge risks of infectious diseases transmission, posing a significant public health threat. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to systematically review the epidemiological characteristics and prevention measures of infectious diseases at major sports events. METHODS The procedure of this scoping review followed Arksey and O'Malley's five-step methodological framework. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, were searched systematically. The general information (ie, publication year, study type) of each study, sports events' features (ie, date and host location), infectious diseases' epidemiological characteristics (ie, epidemics, risk factors), prevention measures, and surveillance paradigm were extracted, categorized, and summarized. RESULTS A total of 24,460 articles were retrieved from the databases and 358 studies were included in the final data synthesis based on selection criteria. A rapid growth of studies was found over recent years. The number of studies investigating epidemics and risk factors for sports events increased from 16/254 (6.3%) before 2000 to 201/254 (79.1%) after 2010. Studies focusing on prevention measures of infectious diseases accounted for 85.0% (238/280) of the articles published after 2010. A variety of infectious diseases have been reported, including respiratory tract infection, gastrointestinal infection, vector-borne infection, blood-borne infection, and water-contact infection. Among them, respiratory tract infections were the most concerning diseases (250/358, 69.8%). Besides some routine prevention measures targeted at risk factors of different diseases, strengthening surveillance was highlighted in the literature. The surveillance system appeared to have gone through three stages of development, including manual archiving, network-based systems, and automated intelligent platforms. CONCLUSIONS This critical summary and collation of previous empirical evidence is meaningful to provide references for holding major sports events. It is essential to improve the surveillance techniques for timely detection of the emergence of epidemics and to improve risk perception in future practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Yan
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yian Fang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongwei Jia
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Drug Abuse Control and Prevention, National Institute of Health Data Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Zheng JX, Lv S, Tian LG, Guo ZY, Zheng PY, Chen YL, Guan SY, Wang WM, Zhang SX. The rapid and efficient strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron transmission control: analysis of outbreaks at the city level. Infect Dis Poverty 2022; 11:114. [PMID: 36434701 PMCID: PMC9694873 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-022-01043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant is highly transmissible with potential immune escape. Hence, control measures are continuously being optimized to guard against large-scale coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the intensity of control measures in response to different SARS-CoV-2 variants and the degree of outbreak control at city level. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted in 49 cities with COVID-19 outbreaks between January 2020 and June 2022. Epidemiological data on COVID-19 were extracted from the National Health Commission, People's Republic of China, and the population flow data were sourced from the Baidu migration data provided by the Baidu platform. Outbreak control was quantified by calculating the degree of infection growth and the time-varying reproduction number ([Formula: see text]). The intensity of the outbreak response was quantified by calculating the reduction in population mobility during the outbreak period. Correlation and regression analyses of the intensity of the control measures and the degree of outbreak control for the Omicron variant and non-Omicron mutants were conducted, respectively. RESULTS Overall, 65 outbreaks occurred in 49 cities in China from January 2020 to June 2022. Of them, 66.2% were Omicron outbreaks and 33.8% were non-Omicron outbreaks. The intensity of the control measures was positively correlated with the degree of outbreak control (r = 0.351, P = 0.03). The degree of reduction in population mobility was negatively correlated with the Rt value (r = - 0.612, P < 0.01). Therefore, under the same control measure intensity, the number of new daily Omicron infections was 6.04 times higher than those attributed to non-Omicron variants, and the Rt value of Omicron outbreaks was 2.6 times higher than that of non-Omicron variants. In addition, the duration of non-Omicron variant outbreaks was shorter than that of the outbreaks caused by the Omicron variant (23.0 ± 10.7, 32.9 ± 16.3, t = 2.243, P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Greater intensity of control measures was associated with more effective outbreak control. Thus, in response to the Omicron variant, the management to restrict population movement should be used to control its spread quickly, especially in the case of community transmission occurs widely. Faster than is needed for non-Omicron variants, and decisive control measures should be imposed and dynamically adjusted in accordance with the evolving epidemic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Xin Zheng
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shan Lv
- grid.508378.1Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Guang Tian
- grid.508378.1Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yu Guo
- grid.508378.1Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, National Center for International Research On Tropical Diseases, National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yong Zheng
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue-Lai Chen
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Yang Guan
- grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Ming Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shun-Xian Zhang
- grid.411480.80000 0004 1799 1816Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032 People’s Republic of China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China ,grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293One Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University–The University of Edinburgh, Shanghai, 200025 People’s Republic of China
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Zhou L, Yan W, Li S, Yang H, Zhang X, Lu W, Liu J, Wang Y. Cost-effectiveness of interventions for the prevention and control of COVID-19: Systematic review of 85 modelling studies. J Glob Health 2022; 12:05022. [PMID: 35712857 PMCID: PMC9196831 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.05022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to quantitatively summarise the health economic evaluation evidence of prevention and control programs addressing COVID-19 globally. Methods We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the economic and health benefit of interventions for COVID-19. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library of economic evaluation from December 31, 2019, to March 22, 2022, to identify relevant literature. Meta-analyses were done using random-effects models to estimate pooled incremental net benefit (INB). Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics and publication bias was assessed by Egger's test. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42021267475. Results Of 16 860 studies identified, 85 articles were included in the systematic review, and 25 articles (10 studies about non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs), five studies about vaccinations and 10 studies about treatments) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled INB of NPIs, vaccinations, and treatments were $1378.10 (95% CI = $1079.62, $1676.59), $254.80 (95% CI = $169.84, $339.77) and $4115.11 (95% CI = $1631.09, $6599.14), respectively. Sensitivity analyses showed similar findings. Conclusions NPIs, vaccinations, and treatments are all cost-effective in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. However, evidence was mostly from high-income and middle-income countries. Further studies from lower-income countries are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Zhou
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Li
- School of Management, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongxi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenli Lu
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Health Science and Engineering College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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