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Wijkander M, Svedberg P, Narusyte J, Alaie I, Lindfors P, Xu T, Magnusson Hanson LL. The role of familial factors and neuroticism in the association between exposure to offensive behaviors at work and long-term sickness absence due to common mental disorders - a prospective twin study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1473. [PMID: 38824499 PMCID: PMC11143713 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate associations between exposure to work-related violence/threats and harassment, and future sickness absence (SA) due to common mental disorders (CMDs), taking familial factors (shared genetics and early-life environment) and neuroticism into account. METHODS The study sample included 8795 twin individuals from the Swedish Twin Project of Disability Pension and Sickness Absence (STODS), including survey data from the Study of Twin Adults: Genes and Environment (STAGE). Self-reported work-related violence and/or threats as well as work-related harassment (including bullying) and national register data on SA due to CMDs were analyzed using standard logistic regression, and conditional logistic regression among complete twin pairs discordant on exposures. Individuals were followed for a maximum of 13 years. Interactions between neuroticism and exposures were assessed using both multiplicative and additive interaction analyses. RESULTS Exposure to work-related violence/threats was associated with higher odds of SA due to CMDs when adjusting for age, sex, marital status, children, education, type of living area, work characteristics, and symptoms of depression and burnout (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.52-2.95). Higher odds of SA due to CMDs were also found for exposure to harassment (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.10-2.11) and a combined indicator of exposure to violence/threats and/or harassment (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.52-2.59), compared with the unexposed. Analyses of twins discordant on exposure, using the unexposed co-twin as reference, showed reduced ORs. These ORs were still elevated but no longer statistically significant, potentially due to a lack of statistical power. No multiplicative interaction was found between neuroticism and exposure to work-related violence/threats, or harassment. However, a statistically significant additive interaction was found between neuroticism and exposure to violence/threats, indicating higher odds of SA due to CMDs in the group scoring lower on neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to work-related offensive behaviors was associated with SA due to CMDs. However, the results indicated that these associations may be partly confounded by familial factors. In addition, an interaction between exposure and neuroticism was suggested. Thus, when possible, future studies investigating associations and causality between offensive behaviors at work and mental health-related outcomes, should consider familial factors and neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wijkander
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Pia Svedberg
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jurgita Narusyte
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iman Alaie
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petra Lindfors
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tianwei Xu
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda L Magnusson Hanson
- Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shattnawi KK, Al Ali N, Ma'abreh YM. Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Their Relationship with Self-esteem Among School-Age Children in Jordan. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:60-70. [PMID: 35749050 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and their relationship with self-esteem among secondary school students in Jordan. A cross-sectional, retrospective design was utilized using a convenience sample of 559 secondary school children (grades 7-11). Results showed that among the participating students, emotional abuse was the most commonly reported type of abuse (59.6%), followed by household violence (52.2%), bullying (44.7%), physical abuse (31.7%), emotional neglect (26.3), physical neglect (12.7%), and parents' separation (5.2%). Male students reported significantly more physical abuse than female students (37.5% vs 26.2%, p < 0.001), and significantly more physical neglect than female students (18.2% vs 7.6%, p < 0.001). However, female students reported significantly more household violence than male student (60.0% vs 43.9%, p < 0.001). Self-esteem scores were lower for students who reported physical abuse (d = 0.38, p < 0.001), household violence (d = 0.25, p < 0.003), emotional neglect (d = 0.45, p < 0.001), physical neglect (d = 0.58, p < 0.001), and bullying (d = 0.29, p = 0.001). Self-esteem was best predicted by physical abuse (β = - 0.114, p = 0.009), emotional neglect (β = - 0.169, p < 0.001), and physical neglect (β = - 0.148, p < 0.001). Efforts should be exerted to prevent violence against children. National programs and community awareness campaigns should focus on the violence's detrimental effects on children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khulood Kayed Shattnawi
- Maternal & Child Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box (3030), Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Nahla Al Ali
- Community and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Ya'la Mahmoud Ma'abreh
- Maternal & Child Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box (3030), Irbid, 22110, Jordan
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Chudal R, Tiiri E, Brunstein Klomek A, Ong SH, Fossum S, Kaneko H, Kolaitis G, Lesinskiene S, Li L, Huong MN, Praharaj SK, Sillanmäki L, Slobodskaya HR, Srabstein JC, Wiguna T, Zamani Z, Sourander A. Victimization by traditional bullying and cyberbullying and the combination of these among adolescents in 13 European and Asian countries. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1391-1404. [PMID: 33884501 PMCID: PMC9402766 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
There has been a lack of studies on bullying in non-western low-income and middle-income countries. This study reported the prevalence of traditional victimization, cybervictimization, and the combination of these, in 13 European and Asian countries, and explored how psychiatric symptoms were associated with victimization. The data for this cross-sectional, school-based study of 21,688 adolescents aged 13-15 were collected from 2011 to 2017. The main outcomes were traditional and cybervictimization obtained from student self-reports. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to assess psychiatric symptoms. Generalized estimating equation and logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). The mean prevalence of any victimization was 28.9%, of traditional victimization only, this was 17.7%, and for cybervictimization only this was 5.1%. Cybervictimization occurred both independently, and in combination with, traditional victimization. The mean prevalence of combined victimization was 6.1%. The mean proportion of those who were cyberbullied only among those who were either cyberbullied only or bullied both traditionally and in cyber was 45.1%. The rates of prevalence varied widely between countries. In the total sample, those who experienced combined victimization, reported the highest internalizing symptoms (girls, OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.22-1.29; boys, OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.25-1.33). The study findings suggest that anti-bullying interventions should include mental health components and target both traditional and cyberbullying. Due to the overlap between these, targeting bullying should primarily focus on how to reduce bullying behavior rather than just focusing on where bullying takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Chudal
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Tiiri
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Anat Brunstein Klomek
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzlyia, Israel
| | - Say How Ong
- Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sturla Fossum
- The Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hitoshi Kaneko
- Psychological Support and Research Center for Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Gerasimos Kolaitis
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sigita Lesinskiene
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Clinic of Psychiatry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Liping Li
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Mai Nguyen Huong
- Department of Psychiatry, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Samir Kumar Praharaj
- Department of Psychiatry, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Lauri Sillanmäki
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Helena R Slobodskaya
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Jorge C Srabstein
- Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's National, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tjhin Wiguna
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Zahra Zamani
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andre Sourander
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
- Psychological Support and Research Center for Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia-Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- INVEST Research Flagship, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Hoprekstad ØL, Hetland J, Wold B, Torp H, Valvatne Einarsen S. Exposure to Bullying Behaviors at Work and Depressive Tendencies: The Moderating Role of Victimization From Bullying During Adolescence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:11576-11601. [PMID: 31948323 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519900272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The detrimental effects of exposure to bullying behaviors at work on employees' mental health have been thoroughly documented. However, few studies have examined whether employees' prior experiences with bullying may affect the strength of this relationship. The present study tested a model where victimization from bullying in adolescence was expected to (a) predict higher exposure to bullying behaviors at work and higher levels of depressive tendencies in adulthood and (b) strengthen the relationship between exposure to bullying behaviors at work and depressive tendencies (i.e., make employees more vulnerable). The hypotheses were tested using prospective data following a cohort of 536 Norwegian respondents over a time span of 17 years, from adolescence (age of 13) to adulthood (age of 30). Victimization from bullying in junior high school was measured at the age of 13, 14, and 15, and retrospectively at the age of 18. Exposure to bullying behaviors at work was measured at the age of 30, while depressive tendencies were measured at the age of 15 and at the age of 30. As predicted, those who had been bullied more (vs. less) in adolescence tended to have higher scores on depressive tendencies as adults and reported somewhat higher exposure to bullying behaviors at work. However, contrary to our predictions, the relationship between exposure to bullying behaviors at work and depressive tendencies in adulthood was weaker among those who had been bullied more (vs. less) in adolescence. The findings contribute to the scarce literature on the role of employees' prior victimization experiences and question the notion that prior victimization from bullying produces long-term vulnerability to future experiences of bullying.
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Hoprekstad ØL, Hetland J, Einarsen SV. Exposure to negative acts at work and self-labelling as a victim of workplace bullying: The role of prior victimization from bullying. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02453-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe present study examines employees’ prior victimization from bullying in school or at work as a predictor of 1) their current exposure to negative social acts at work and 2) the likelihood of labelling as a victim of workplace bullying, and 3) whether the link between exposure to negative acts at work and the perception of being bullied is stronger among those who have been bullied in the past. We tested our hypotheses using a probability sample of the Norwegian working population in a prospective design with a 5-year time lag (N = 1228). As hypothesized, prior victimization positively predicted subsequent exposure to negative acts, which in turn was related to a higher likelihood of developing a perception of being a victim of workplace bullying. However, contrary to our expectations, prior victimization from bullying did not affect the relationship between current exposure to negative acts at work and the likelihood of self-labelling as a victim. Taken together, the results suggest that employees’ prior victimization is a risk factor for future victimization, yet overall plays a rather modest role in understanding current exposure to negative acts and self-labelled victimization from bullying at work.
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Winding TN, Skouenborg LA, Mortensen VL, Andersen JH. Is bullying in adolescence associated with the development of depressive symptoms in adulthood?: A longitudinal cohort study. BMC Psychol 2020; 8:122. [PMID: 33213518 PMCID: PMC7678151 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-020-00491-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Being bullied in adolescence is linked to mental health problems like anxiety, depressive- and somatic symptoms and can have negative consequences on both an individual and a societal level. However, evidence regarding the long-term mental health consequences of bullying in adolescence is limited. The aim of this study was to examine whether being bullied at age 15 or 18 was associated with experiencing depressive symptoms at age 28, and to examine whether being bullied at both ages 15 and 18 increased the risk of experiencing depressive symptoms at age 28. METHODS A prospective cohort study, which applied data from the West Jutland Cohort Study, was conducted. Bullying and depressive symptoms were measured on the basis of self-reported data from surveys in 2004, 2007 and 2017. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. A total of 1790 participants were included in the study, and analyzed by multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS The results showed associations between being bullied at age 15 or 18 and the reporting of depressive symptoms at age 28 when adjusted for potential confounders. An exposure-response relationship was seen in those who were bullied at both ages 15 and 18. This group had the highest risk of developing depressive symptoms at age 28. CONCLUSIONS Being bullied in adolescence was associated with developing depressive symptoms in adulthood and there was an exposure-response relationship between being bullied over time and the later reporting of depressive symptoms. The results highlight the need to provide more detailed information to schools and local communities about the negative consequences of bullying. Such increased awareness may help reduce the risk of young people developing depressive symptoms later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Nøhr Winding
- Department of Occupational Medicine-University Research Clinic, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gl. Landevej 61, 7400, Herning, Denmark.
| | - Lisbeth Astrid Skouenborg
- Department of Occupational Medicine-University Research Clinic, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gl. Landevej 61, 7400, Herning, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Lie Mortensen
- Department of Occupational Medicine-University Research Clinic, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gl. Landevej 61, 7400, Herning, Denmark
| | - Johan Hviid Andersen
- Department of Occupational Medicine-University Research Clinic, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gl. Landevej 61, 7400, Herning, Denmark
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Kuzlu Ayyildiz T, Cimete G. The Effect of a Social Skills Program on Violent Behaviors in Children Aged 60~72 Months. J Korean Acad Nurs 2019; 49:771-782. [DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2019.49.6.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tülay Kuzlu Ayyildiz
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Güler Cimete
- Department of Midwery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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