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Galaiduk R, McLean DL, Speed CW, Greer D, McIntosh R, Treml EA. Offshore oil and gas infrastructure plays a minor role in marine metapopulation dynamics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:172981. [PMID: 38705301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Decommissioning consequences of offshore oil and gas infrastructure removal on marine population dynamics, including connectivity, are not well understood. We modelled the connectivity and metapopulation dynamics of three fish and two benthic invertebrate species inhabiting the natural rocky reefs and offshore oil and gas infrastructure located in the Bass Strait, south-east Australia. Using a network approach, we found that platforms are not major sources, destinations, or stepping-stones for most species, yet act as modest sources for connectivity of Corynactis australis (jewel anemone). In contrast, sections of subsea pipelines appear to act as stepping-stones, source and destination habitats of varying strengths for all study species, except for Centrostephanus rodgersii (long-spined sea urchin). Natural reefs were the main stepping-stones, local source, and destination habitats for all study species. These reefs were largely responsible for the overall metapopulation growth of all study species (average of 96 % contribution across all species), with infrastructure acting as a minor contributor (<2 % average contribution). Full or partial decommissioning of platforms should have a very low or negligible impact on the overall metapopulation dynamics of the species explored, except C. australis, while full removal of pipelines could have a low impact on the metapopulation dynamics of benthic invertebrate species and a moderate impact on fish species (up to 34.1 % reduction in the metapopulation growth). We recommend that the decision to remove offshore infrastructure, either in full or in-part, be made on a platform-by-platform basis and consider contributions of pipelines to connectivity and metapopulation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Galaiduk
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (IOMRC), Perth, WA, Australia; Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Dianne L McLean
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (IOMRC), Perth, WA, Australia; Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Conrad W Speed
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (IOMRC), Perth, WA, Australia; Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | | | - Eric A Treml
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre (IOMRC), Perth, WA, Australia; Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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2
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Quiroz-Martínez B, Hernández-Alcántara P, Salas de León DA, Solís-Weiss V, Monreal Gómez MA, Álvarez Sánchez LF. Taxonomic distinctness and diversity patterns of a polychaete (Annelida) community on the continental shelf of the Southern Gulf of Mexico. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303250. [PMID: 38718003 PMCID: PMC11078371 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The spatial patterns of taxonomic diversity of annelid polychaete species from the continental shelf in the Southern Gulf of Mexico were examined in this study. We used taxonomic distinctness and its spatial variations to explore the diversity patterns and how they change between Southern Gulf of Mexico regions. In addition, using taxonomic distinctness as a dissimilarity measure and Ward's Clustering, we characterized three distinct faunal assemblages. We also investigated patterns of richness, taxonomic distinctness, and distance decay of similarity between sampling stations as a ß-diversity measure. Finally, we examined the spatial relationships between polychaete assemblages and environmental variables to test the relative importance of spatial and environmental components in annelid polychaete community structure from the Southern Gulf of Mexico. We used a combination of eigenvector-based multivariate analyses (dbMEMs) and distance-based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) to quantify the relative importance of these explanatory variables on the spatial variations of taxonomic distinctness. The significance level of spatial and environmental components to the distribution of polychaete species showed that the combined effect of spatial processes and sediment characteristics explained a higher percentage of the variance than those parameters could alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Quiroz-Martínez
- Unidad Académica de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pablo Hernández-Alcántara
- Unidad Académica de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - David Alberto Salas de León
- Unidad Académica de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Vivianne Solís-Weiss
- Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| | - María Adela Monreal Gómez
- Unidad Académica de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - León Felipe Álvarez Sánchez
- Unidad de Informática Marina, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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3
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Feria-Rodríguez A, March D, Mourre B, Hendriks IE, Vázquez-Luis M. Sink-source connectivity for restocking of Pinna nobilis in the western Mediterranean Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 197:106428. [PMID: 38492503 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The critically endangered endemic bivalve Pinna nobilis from the Mediterranean Sea suffered a sudden population decline after a mass mortality event in early autumn 2016. Conservation efforts aimed at preventing extinction included safeguarding resistant individuals and implementing a breeding plan to contribute to the repopulation of the species. This study utilized a model combining Lagrangian dispersion and connectivity analyses to pinpoint optimal restocking sites in the Western Mediterranean. Our approach allowed to identify locations capable of sustaining and generating larvae for broader repopulation in key areas of the Western Mediterranean Sea prior to the mass mortality event. Six important repopulation locations from Murcia, Valencia and Balearic Islands were selected for reintroduction efforts. The results obtained in this study show how the network could be self-sufficient and able to self-replenish itself of recruits. Overall, our work can be used to direct the reintroduction of resistant animals in the Western Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Feria-Rodríguez
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC). Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - D March
- Unidad de Zoología Marina, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València 46100, Paterna, Spain; Centre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, TR10 9FE, Penryn, United Kingdom
| | - B Mourre
- SOCIB, Balearic Islands Coastal Observing and Forecasting System, Parc Bit, Ed., 07121 Palma, Spain
| | - I E Hendriks
- Oceanography and Global Change Department, Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies (CSIC-UIB), 07190, Esporles, Spain
| | - M Vázquez-Luis
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC). Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares, 07015, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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4
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Zhang B, Jia C, Li M, Wang K, Chen J, Zhao J. Multiomics integration for the function of bacterial outer membrane vesicles in the larval settlement of marine sponges. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1268813. [PMID: 38468855 PMCID: PMC10925772 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1268813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) contain a variety of chemical compounds and play significant roles in maintaining symbiotic relationships in a changing ocean, but little is known about their function, particularly in sponge larval development. During the growth of sponge Tedania sp., OMVs from Bacteroidetes species significantly promoted larval settlement, and Tenacibaculum mesophilum SP-7-OMVs were selected as a representative strain for further investigation. According to OMVs metabolomics, larval settlement might be connected to organic acids and derivatives. The multiomics analysis of the T. mesophilum genome, SP-7-OMVs metabolome, and larval transcriptome revealed 47 shared KEGG pathways. Among the number of candidate metabolites, arginine was chosen for its greater ability to increase the settlement rate and its role as the principal substrate for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis of sponge larvae. In summary, these results demonstrated that sponge-associated bacteria might utilize OMVs and their cargo to support host development and make up for host metabolic pathway deficiencies. This study enhances our fundamental knowledge of OMVs in interactions between metazoan hosts and microorganisms that are crucial in the coevolution of marine ecosystems and the complex marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xaimen, Fujian, China
| | - Chenzheng Jia
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xaimen, Fujian, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xaimen, Fujian, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xaimen, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xaimen, Fujian, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xaimen, Fujian, China
- Xiamen City Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration (USER), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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5
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Peniston JH, Burgess SC. Larval and Adult Traits Coevolve in Response to Asymmetric Coastal Currents to Shape Marine Dispersal Kernels. Am Nat 2024; 203:E63-E77. [PMID: 38306287 DOI: 10.1086/728003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
AbstractDispersal emerges as an outcome of organismal traits and external forcings. However, it remains unclear how the emergent dispersal kernel evolves as a by-product of selection on the underlying traits. This question is particularly compelling in coastal marine systems, where dispersal is tied to development and reproduction and where directional currents bias larval dispersal downstream, causing selection for retention. We modeled the dynamics of a metapopulation along a finite coastline using an integral projection model and adaptive dynamics to understand how asymmetric coastal currents influence the evolution of larval (pelagic larval duration) and adult (spawning frequency) life history traits, which indirectly shape the evolution of marine dispersal kernels. Selection induced by alongshore currents favors the release of larvae over multiple time periods, allowing long pelagic larval durations and long-distance dispersal to be maintained in marine life cycles in situations where they were previously predicted to be selected against. Two evolutionarily stable strategies emerged: one with a long pelagic larval duration and many spawning events, resulting in a dispersal kernel with a larger mean and variance, and another with a short pelagic larval duration and few spawning events, resulting in a dispersal kernel with a smaller mean and variance. Our theory shows how coastal ocean flows are important agents of selection that can generate multiple, often co-occurring evolutionary outcomes for marine life history traits that affect dispersal.
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Randall CJ, Giuliano C, Stephenson B, Whitman TN, Page CA, Treml EA, Logan M, Negri AP. Larval precompetency and settlement behaviour in 25 Indo-Pacific coral species. Commun Biol 2024; 7:142. [PMID: 38297134 PMCID: PMC10830509 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of coral larval precompetency periods and maximum competency windows is fundamental to understanding coral population dynamics, informing biogeography and connectivity patterns, and predicting reef recovery following disturbances. Yet for many species, estimates of these early-life history metrics are scarce and vary widely. Furthermore, settlement cues for many taxa are not known despite consequences to habitat selection. Here we performed a comprehensive experimental time-series investigation of larval settlement behaviour, for 25 Indo-Pacific broadcast-spawning species. To investigate the duration of precompetency, improve predictions of the competency windows, and compare settlement responses within and amongst species, we completed replicated and repeated 24-hour assays that exposed larvae to five common settlement cues. Our study revealed that larval competency in some broadcast-spawning species begins as early as two days post fertilization, but that the precompetency period varies within and between species from about two to six days, with consequences for local retention and population connectivity. We also found that larvae of some species are competent to settle beyond 70 days old and display complex temporal settlement behaviour, challenging the assumption that competency gradually wanes over time and adding to the evidence that larval longevity can support genetic connectivity and long-distance dispersal. Using these data, we grouped coral taxa by short, mid and long precompetency periods, and identified their preferred settlement cues. Taken together, these results inform our understanding of larval dynamics across a broad range of coral species and can be applied to investigations of population dynamics, connectivity, and reef recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J Randall
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
- AIMS@JCU, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
| | | | | | - Taylor N Whitman
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
- AIMS@JCU, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Cathie A Page
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Eric A Treml
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Rojas-Araos F, Rojas-Hernández N, Cornejo-Guzmán S, Ernst B, Dewitte B, Parada C, Veliz D. Population genomic and biophysical modeling show different patterns of population connectivity in the spiny lobster Jasus frontalis inhabiting oceanic islands. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 193:106253. [PMID: 37979403 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about connectivity between populations is essential for the fisheries management of commercial species. The lobster Jasus frontalis inhabits two oceanic island groups, the Juan Fernández Archipelago and the Desventuradas Islands, separated by 800 km. Since this species is primarily exploited in the Juan Fernández Archipelago, knowledge of the connectivity patterns among islands is foundational for species management. Here, we used variability at single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and individual-based modeling (IBM) to estimate the genetic structure and connectivity between J. frontalis populations in these island groups. The variability at 9090 SNPs suggests two genetic populations, one in the Juan Fernández Archipelago and one in the Desventuradas Islands. Furthermore, IBM suggests an asymmetric connectivity pattern, with particles moving from the Juan Fernández Archipelago to the Desventuradas Islands but not vice versa. Since the IBM analysis suggests asymmetric larval movement between the islands, and the genetic analysis indicates isolation between the Juan Fernández Archipelago and the Desventuradas Islands, larval retention mechanisms such as small-scale oceanographic processes or behavior could hinder larval movement between islands. This study highlights the importance of using more than one methodology to estimate population connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Rojas-Araos
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Noemi Rojas-Hernández
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Billy Ernst
- Centro Milenio de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Departamento de Oceanografía, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Boris Dewitte
- Centro Milenio de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile; Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Coquimbo, Chile; Université de Toulouse III, CERFACS/CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carolina Parada
- Departamento de Geofísica, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centro Milenio de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
| | - David Veliz
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro Milenio de Ecología y Manejo Sustentable (ESMOI), Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
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8
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Nimbs MJ, Champion C, Lobos SE, Malcolm HA, Miller AD, Seinor K, Smith SD, Knott N, Wheeler D, Coleman MA. Genomic analyses indicate resilience of a commercially and culturally important marine gastropod snail to climate change. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16498. [PMID: 38025735 PMCID: PMC10676721 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic vulnerability analyses are being increasingly used to assess the adaptability of species to climate change and provide an opportunity for proactive management of harvested marine species in changing oceans. Southeastern Australia is a climate change hotspot where many marine species are shifting poleward. The turban snail, Turbo militaris is a commercially and culturally harvested marine gastropod snail from eastern Australia. The species has exhibited a climate-driven poleward range shift over the last two decades presenting an ongoing challenge for sustainable fisheries management. We investigate the impact of future climate change on T. militaris using genotype-by-sequencing to project patterns of gene flow and local adaptation across its range under climate change scenarios. A single admixed, and potentially panmictic, demographic unit was revealed with no evidence of genetic subdivision across the species range. Significant genotype associations with heterogeneous habitat features were observed, including associations with sea surface temperature, ocean currents, and nutrients, indicating possible adaptive genetic differentiation. These findings suggest that standing genetic variation may be available for selection to counter future environmental change, assisted by widespread gene flow, high fecundity and short generation time in this species. We discuss the findings of this study in the content of future fisheries management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J. Nimbs
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - Curtis Champion
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - Simon E. Lobos
- Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Vic, Australia
| | - Hamish A. Malcolm
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Research, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam D. Miller
- Deakin Genomics Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Warrnambool, Vic, Australia
| | - Kate Seinor
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen D.A. Smith
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- Aquamarine Australia, Mullaway, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan Knott
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Research, Huskisson, NSW, Australia
| | - David Wheeler
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Melinda A. Coleman
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, Australia
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Chaput R, Quigley CN, Weppe SB, Jeffs AG, de Souza JMAC, Gardner JPA. Identifying the source populations supplying a vital economic marine species for the New Zealand aquaculture industry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9344. [PMID: 37291180 PMCID: PMC10250383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture of New Zealand's endemic green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) is an industry valued at NZ$ 336 M per annum and is ~ 80% reliant on the natural supply of wild mussel spat harvested at a single location-Te Oneroa-a-Tōhē-Ninety Mile Beach (NMB)-in northern New Zealand. Despite the economic and ecological importance of this spat supply, little is known about the population connectivity of green-lipped mussels in this region or the location of the source population(s). In this study, we used a biophysical model to simulate the two-stage dispersal process of P. canaliculus. A combination of backward and forward tracking experiments was used to identify primary settlement areas and putative source populations. The model was then used to estimate the local connectivity, revealing two geographic regions of connectivity in northern New Zealand, with limited larval exchange between them. Although secondary dispersal can double the dispersal distance, our simulations show that spat collected at NMB originate from neighbouring mussel beds, with large contributions from beds located at Ahipara (southern end of NMB). These results provide information that may be used to help monitor and protect these important source populations to ensure the ongoing success of the New Zealand mussel aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Chaput
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand.
| | - Calvin N Quigley
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Simon B Weppe
- MetOcean Solutions, Division of Meteorological Service of New Zealand, Raglan, New Zealand
| | - Andrew G Jeffs
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - João M A C de Souza
- MetOcean Solutions, Division of Meteorological Service of New Zealand, Raglan, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan P A Gardner
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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Muenzel D, Critchell K, Cox C, Campbell SJ, Jakub R, Suherfian W, Sara L, Chollett I, Treml EA, Beger M. Integrating larval connectivity into the marine conservation decision-making process across spatial scales. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14038. [PMID: 36478610 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Larval dispersal connectivity is typically integrated into spatial conservation decisions at regional or national scales, but implementing agencies struggle with translating these methods to local scales. We used larval dispersal connectivity at regional (hundreds of kilometers) and local (tens of kilometers) scales to aid in design of networks of no-take reserves in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. We used Marxan with Connectivity informed by biophysical larval dispersal models and remotely sensed coral reef habitat data to design marine reserve networks for 4 commercially important reef species across the region. We complemented regional spatial prioritization with decision trees that combined network-based connectivity metrics and habitat quality to design reserve boundaries locally. Decision trees were used in consensus-based workshops with stakeholders to qualitatively assess site desirability, and Marxan was used to identify areas for subsequent network expansion. Priority areas for protection and expected benefits differed among species, with little overlap in reserve network solutions. Because reef quality varied considerably across reefs, we suggest reef degradation must inform the interpretation of larval dispersal patterns and the conservation benefits achievable from protecting reefs. Our methods can be readily applied by conservation practitioners, in this region and elsewhere, to integrate connectivity data across multiple spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Muenzel
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kay Critchell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Raymond Jakub
- Rare, Arlington, Virginia, USA
- Rare Indonesia, Kota Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - La Sara
- Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Haluoleo University, Kendari, Indonesia
| | | | - Eric A Treml
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Beger
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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11
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Interannual variability in early life phenology is driven by climate and oceanic processes in two NE Atlantic flatfishes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4057. [PMID: 36906628 PMCID: PMC10008569 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Early life phenology is a crucial factor for population dynamics in a climate change scenario. As such, understanding how the early life cycle of marine fishes is influenced by key oceanic and climate drivers is of chief importance for sustainable fisheries. This study documents interannual changes in early life phenology of two commercial flatfishes: European flounder (Platichthys flesus) and common sole (Solea solea) from 2010 to 2015 based on otolith microstructure. Using GAMs, we looked for correlations of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Eastern Atlantic pattern (EA), sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyl a concentration (Chla) and upwelling (Ui) variation with the onset of hatch, metamorphosis, and benthic settlement day. We concluded that higher SST, more intensive upwelling, and EA were coincident with a later the onset of each stage, while increasing NAO induces an earlier onset of each stage. Although similar to S. solea, P. flesus showed a more complex interaction with the environmental drivers, most possibly because it is at its southern limit of its distribution. Our results highlight the complexity of the relationship between climate conditions and fish early life history, particularly those with complex life cycles that include migrations between coastal areas and estuaries.
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12
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Heran T, Laudien J, Waller RG, Häussermann V, Försterra G, González HE, Richter C. Life cycle of the cold-water coral Caryophyllia huinayensis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2593. [PMID: 36788320 PMCID: PMC9929098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29620-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the biology of cold-water corals (CWCs), let alone the reproduction and early life stages of these important deep-sea foundation species. Through a three-year aquarium experiment, we described the reproductive mode, larval release periodicity, planktonic stage, larval histology, metamorphosis and post-larval development of the solitary scleractinian CWC Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) huinayensis collected in Comau Fjord, Chilean Patagonia. We found that C. huinayensis is a brooder releasing 78.4 ± 65.9 (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) planula larvae throughout the year, a possible adaptation to low seasonality. Planulae had a length of 905 ± 114 µm and showed a well-developed gastrovascular system. After 8 ± 9.3 days (d), the larvae settled, underwent metamorphosis and developed the first set of tentacles after 2 ± 1.5 d. Skeletogenesis, zooplankton feeding and initiation of the fourth set of tentacles started 5 ± 2.1 d later, 21 ± 12.9 d, and 895 ± 45.9 d after settlement, respectively. Our study shows that the ontogenetic timing of C. huinayensis is comparable to that of some tropical corals, despite lacking zooxanthellae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heran
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany.
- University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
- Fundación San Ignacio del Huinay, Casilla 462, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - Jürgen Laudien
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Rhian G Waller
- Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, 452 96, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Verena Häussermann
- Fundación San Ignacio del Huinay, Casilla 462, Puerto Montt, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias de la naturaleza, Escuela de Ingeniería en Gestión de Expediciones y Ecoturismo, Universidad San Sebastián, Lago Panguipulli, 1390, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Günter Försterra
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), Avda. Brasil, 2950, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Humberto E González
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Research Center: Dynamics of High Latitude Marine Ecosystems (FONDAP-IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Claudio Richter
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Alten Hafen 26, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
- University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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13
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James M, Polton J, Mayorga-Adame C, Howell K, Knights A. Assessing the influence of behavioural parameterisation on the dispersal of larvae in marine systems. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Deng Q, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Tang W. Conservation and restoration of riverine spawning habitats require fine-scale functional connectivity and functional heterogeneity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159571. [PMID: 36273565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A severe extinction crisis of migratory fish caused by extensive hydropower development and climate change has attracted widespread environmental concern. Conserving and restoring riverine spawning habitat for migratory species is advantageous for population recovery. Depending on the reproductive characteristics of fish with adhesive eggs, functionally heterogeneous spawning habitats are required to support different stages of reproductive activity. However, few aquatic assessment models are available to consider the fine-scale functional connectivity between heterogeneous spawning habitats. This study developed a function-based framework that linked fine-scale functional connectivity modeling to habitat quality evaluations for the population recovery of migratory fish. The function path tree (FPT) model within the framework could identified the spatiotemporal dynamics of fine-scale connectivity patterns by emphasizing the attribute-dependence of patch arrangements. Here, we used the Chinese sturgeon, a well-known endangered anadromous fish producing adhesive eggs in the Yangtze River, as an example to demonstrate the applicability of the framework. Additionally, the ecological effectiveness of river restorations to overcome the detrimental influence of climate change on discharge decrease was also investigated. Compared to prior research, our methodology effectively enhanced the predictive performance of spatiotemporal distributions and quality assessments of spawning habitats. A strong correlation was discovered between the ecological profit indicator (HQI) and the estimated fecundity (R2 = 0.941) and field-collected eggs (R2 = 0.918). The minimum spawning discharge decreased from 8400 m3/s to 7000 m3/s by substrate restoration, with the optimal HQI growth rate of 52.7 % at Q < 8400 m3/s. This work will optimize long-term conservation for imperiled migratory species and help develop strategies to build resilience to ongoing environmental changes in flow-reduced rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Zhizhou Zhao
- College of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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15
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Friedlander AM, Ballesteros E, Caselle JE, Hüne M, Adler AM, Sala E. Patterns and drivers of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the kelp forests of southern Patagonia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279200. [PMID: 36607974 PMCID: PMC9821511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The kelp forests of southern Patagonia have a large diversity of habitats, with remote islands, archipelagos, peninsulas, gulfs, channels, and fjords, which are comprised of a mixture of species with temperate and sub-Antarctic distributions, creating a unique ecosystem that is among the least impacted on Earth. We investigated the distribution, diversity, and abundance of marine macroinvertebrate assemblages from the kelp forests of southern Patagonia over a large spatial scale and examined the environmental drivers contributing to the observed patterns in assemblage composition. We analyzed data from 120 quantitative underwater transects (25 x 2 m) conducted within kelp forests in the southern Patagonian fjords in the Kawésqar National Reserve (KNR), the remote Cape Horn (CH) and Diego Ramírez (DR) archipelagos of southern Chile, and the Mitre Peninsula (MP) and Isla de los Estados (IE) in the southern tip of Argentina. We observed rich assemblages of macroinvertebrates among these kelp forests, with a total of 185 unique taxa from 10 phyla and 23 classes/infraorders across the five regions. The number of taxa per transect was highest at IE, followed by MP, CH, and KNR, with the lowest number recorded at DR. The trophic structure of the macroinvertebrate assemblages was explained mostly by wave exposure (28% of the variation), followed by salinity (12%) and the KNR region (11%). KNR was most distinct from the other regions with a greater abundance of deposit feeders, likely driven by low salinity along with high turbidity and nutrients from terrigenous sources and glacial melt. Our study provides the first broad-scale description of the benthic assemblages associated with kelp forests in this vast and little-studied region and helps to establish baselines for an area that is currently lightly influenced by local anthropogenic factors and less impacted by climate change compared with other kelp forests globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M. Friedlander
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Hawaiʿi Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaiʿi, Kāneʻohe, Hawaiʿi, United States of America
| | | | - Jennifer E. Caselle
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Mathias Hüne
- Centro de Investigación para la Conservación de los Ecosistemas Australes (ICEA), Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Alyssa M. Adler
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Beaufort, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Enric Sala
- Pristine Seas, National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
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16
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Darnaude A, Arnaud-Haond S, Hunter E, Gaggiotti O, Sturrock A, Beger M, Volckaert F, Pérez-Ruzafa A, López-López L, Tanner SE, Turan C, Ahmet Doğdu S, Katsanevakis S, Costantini F. Unifying approaches to Functional Marine Connectivity for improved marine resource management: the European SEA-UNICORN COST Action. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.8.e98874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Truly sustainable development in a human-altered, fragmented marine environment subject to unprecedented climate change, demands informed planning strategies in order to be successful. Beyond a simple understanding of the distribution of marine species, data describing how variations in spatio-temporal dynamics impact ecosystem functioning and the evolution of species are required. Marine Functional Connectivity (MFC) characterizes the flows of matter, genes and energy produced by organism movements and migrations across the seascape. As such, MFC determines the ecological and evolutionary interdependency of populations, and ultimately the fate of species and ecosystems. Gathering effective MFC knowledge can therefore improve predictions of the impacts of environmental change and help to refine management and conservation strategies for the seas and oceans. Gathering these data are challenging however, as access to, and survey of marine ecosystems still presents significant challenge. Over 50 European institutions currently investigate aspects of MFC using complementary methods across multiple research fields, to understand the ecology and evolution of marine species. The aim of SEA-UNICORN, a COST Action supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology), is to bring together this research effort, unite the multiple approaches to MFC, and to integrate these under a common conceptual and analytical framework. The consortium brings together a diverse group of scientists to collate existing MFC data, to identify knowledge gaps, to enhance complementarity among disciplines, and to devise common approaches to MFC. SEA-UNICORN will promote co-working between connectivity practitioners and ecosystem modelers to facilitate the incorporation of MFC data into the predictive models used to identify marine conservation priorities. Ultimately, SEA-UNICORN will forge strong forward-working links between scientists, policy-makers and stakeholders to facilitate the integration of MFC knowledge into decision support tools for marine management and environmental policies.
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17
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Novi L, Bracco A. Machine learning prediction of connectivity, biodiversity and resilience in the Coral Triangle. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1359. [PMID: 36496519 PMCID: PMC9741626 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Even optimistic climate scenarios predict catastrophic consequences for coral reef ecosystems by 2100. Understanding how reef connectivity, biodiversity and resilience are shaped by climate variability would improve chances to establish sustainable management practices. In this regard, ecoregionalization and connectivity are pivotal to designating effective marine protected areas. Here, machine learning algorithms and physical intuition are applied to sea surface temperature anomaly data over a twenty-four-year period to extract ecoregions and assess connectivity and bleaching recovery potential in the Coral Triangle and surrounding oceans. Furthermore, the impacts of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on biodiversity and resilience are quantified. We find that resilience is higher for reefs north of the Equator and that the extraordinary biodiversity of the Coral Triangle is dynamic in time and space, and benefits from ENSO. The large-scale exchange of genetic material is enhanced between the Indian Ocean and the Coral Triangle during La Niña years, and between the Coral Triangle and the central Pacific in neutral conditions. Through machine learning the outstanding biodiversity of the Coral Triangle, its evolution and the increase of species richness are contextualized through geological times, while offering new hope for monitoring its future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyuba Novi
- grid.213917.f0000 0001 2097 4943School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and Program in Ocean Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Annalisa Bracco
- grid.213917.f0000 0001 2097 4943School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and Program in Ocean Science & Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
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18
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Lombardo SM, Chérubin LM, Adams AJ, Shenker JM, Wills PS, Danylchuk AJ, Ajemian MJ. Biophysical larval dispersal models of observed bonefish (Albula vulpes) spawning events in Abaco, The Bahamas: An assessment of population connectivity and ocean dynamics. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276528. [PMID: 36264943 PMCID: PMC9584404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biophysical models are a powerful tool for assessing population connectivity of marine organisms that broadcast spawn. Albula vulpes is a species of bonefish that is an economically and culturally important sportfish found throughout the Caribbean and that exhibits genetic connectivity among geographically distant populations. We created ontogenetically relevant biophysical models for bonefish larval dispersal based upon multiple observed spawning events in Abaco, The Bahamas in 2013, 2018, and 2019. Biological parameterizations were informed through active acoustic telemetry, CTD casts, captive larval rearing, and field collections of related albulids and anguillids. Ocean conditions were derived from the Regional Navy Coastal Ocean Model American Seas dataset. Each spawning event was simulated 100 times using the program Ichthyop. Ten-thousand particles were released at observed and putative spawning locations and were allowed to disperse for the full 71-day pelagic larval duration for A. vulpes. Settlement densities in defined settlement zones were assessed along with interactions with oceanographic features. The prevailing Northern dispersal paradigm exhibited strong connectivity with Grand Bahama, the Berry Islands, Andros, and self-recruitment to lower and upper Abaco. Ephemeral gyres and flow direction within Northwest and Northeast Providence Channels were shown to have important roles in larval retention to the Bahamian Archipelago. Larval development environments for larvae settling upon different islands showed few differences and dispersal was closely associated with the thermocline. Settlement patterns informed the suggestion for expansion of conservation parks in Grand Bahama, Abaco, and Andros, and the creation of a parks in Eleuthera and the Berry Islands to protect fisheries. Further observation of spawning events and the creation of biophysical models will help to maximize protection for bonefish spawning locations and nursery habitat, and may help to predict year-class strength for bonefish stocks throughout the Greater Caribbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Lombardo
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Laurent M. Chérubin
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
| | - Aaron J. Adams
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
- Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | | | - Paul S. Wills
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
| | - Andy J. Danylchuk
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Matthew J. Ajemian
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, FL, United States of America
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19
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Pastor A, Ospina-Alvarez A, Larsen J, Thorbjørn Hansen F, Krause-Jensen D, Maar M. A network analysis of connected biophysical pathways to advice eelgrass (Zostera marina) restoration. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 179:105690. [PMID: 35853313 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The North Sea and the Baltic Sea, including Danish coastal waters, have experienced a drastic decline in eelgrass Zostera marina coverage during the past century. Around 1900, eelgrass meadows covered about 6700 km2 of Danish coastal waters while the current potential distribution area is only about one third of this. In some areas, the potential distribution area is far from realized, and restoration efforts are needed to assist recovery. Such efforts are challenging, and resource-demanding and careful site selection is, therefore, important. In the present study, we aim to identify the connectivity of eelgrass populations as a basis for guiding site selection for restoration. We developed a coupled biophysical model to study eelgrass dispersal in the Kattegat. Partly submerged particles simulated the dispersal of reproductive eelgrass shoots containing seeds during the flowering season July-September. We then used network analysis to identify the potential connectivity between populations. We evaluated connectivity based on In-strength, Betweenness and Eigenvector centrality metrics and identified key areas in the Kattegat such as the central part of Aalborg Bay, to be considered to restore the network of Z. marina patches. The study proves the potentials of combining hydrodynamic models and network analysis to support marine conservation and planning, and highlights the importance of collaboration between ecologists, oceanographers, and practitioners in this endeavour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ane Pastor
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Andrés Ospina-Alvarez
- Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, 07190, Esporles, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Janus Larsen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Flemming Thorbjørn Hansen
- Section for Coastal Ecology, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Building 201, 2800 kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Marie Maar
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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20
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McLean DL, Ferreira LC, Benthuysen JA, Miller KJ, Schläppy M, Ajemian MJ, Berry O, Birchenough SNR, Bond T, Boschetti F, Bull AS, Claisse JT, Condie SA, Consoli P, Coolen JWP, Elliott M, Fortune IS, Fowler AM, Gillanders BM, Harrison HB, Hart KM, Henry L, Hewitt CL, Hicks N, Hock K, Hyder K, Love M, Macreadie PI, Miller RJ, Montevecchi WA, Nishimoto MM, Page HM, Paterson DM, Pattiaratchi CB, Pecl GT, Porter JS, Reeves DB, Riginos C, Rouse S, Russell DJF, Sherman CDH, Teilmann J, Todd VLG, Treml EA, Williamson DH, Thums M. Influence of offshore oil and gas structures on seascape ecological connectivity. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3515-3536. [PMID: 35293658 PMCID: PMC9311298 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Offshore platforms, subsea pipelines, wells and related fixed structures supporting the oil and gas (O&G) industry are prevalent in oceans across the globe, with many approaching the end of their operational life and requiring decommissioning. Although structures can possess high ecological diversity and productivity, information on how they interact with broader ecological processes remains unclear. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the role of O&G infrastructure in maintaining, altering or enhancing ecological connectivity with natural marine habitats. There is a paucity of studies on the subject with only 33 papers specifically targeting connectivity and O&G structures, although other studies provide important related information. Evidence for O&G structures facilitating vertical and horizontal seascape connectivity exists for larvae and mobile adult invertebrates, fish and megafauna; including threatened and commercially important species. The degree to which these structures represent a beneficial or detrimental net impact remains unclear, is complex and ultimately needs more research to determine the extent to which natural connectivity networks are conserved, enhanced or disrupted. We discuss the potential impacts of different decommissioning approaches on seascape connectivity and identify, through expert elicitation, critical knowledge gaps that, if addressed, may further inform decision making for the life cycle of O&G infrastructure, with relevance for other industries (e.g. renewables). The most highly ranked critical knowledge gap was a need to understand how O&G structures modify and influence the movement patterns of mobile species and dispersal stages of sessile marine species. Understanding how different decommissioning options affect species survival and movement was also highly ranked, as was understanding the extent to which O&G structures contribute to extending species distributions by providing rest stops, foraging habitat, and stepping stones. These questions could be addressed with further dedicated studies of animal movement in relation to structures using telemetry, molecular techniques and movement models. Our review and these priority questions provide a roadmap for advancing research needed to support evidence-based decision making for decommissioning O&G infrastructure.
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21
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Darnaude A, Arnaud-Haond S, Hunter E, Gaggiotti O, Sturrock A, Beger M, Volckaert F, Pérez-Ruzafa A, López-López L, Tanner SE, Turon C, Ahmet Doğdu S, Katsanevakis S, Costantini F. Unifying approaches to Functional Marine Connectivity for improved marine resource management: the European SEA-UNICORN COST Action. RESEARCH IDEAS AND OUTCOMES 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/rio.8.e80223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Truly sustainable development in a human-altered, fragmented marine environment subject to unprecedented climate change, demands informed planning strategies in order to be successful. Beyond a simple understanding of the distribution of marine species, data describing how variations in spatio-temporal dynamics impact ecosystem functioning and the evolution of species are required. Marine Functional Connectivity (MFC) characterizes the flows of matter, genes and energy produced by organism movements and migrations across the seascape. As such, MFC determines the ecological and evolutionary interdependency of populations, and ultimately the fate of species and ecosystems. Gathering effective MFC knowledge can therefore improve predictions of the impacts of environmental change and help to refine management and conservation strategies for the seas and oceans. Gathering these data are challenging however, as access to, and survey of marine ecosystems still presents significant challenge. Over 50 European institutions currently investigate aspects of MFC using complementary methods across multiple research fields, to understand the ecology and evolution of marine species. The aim of SEA-UNICORN, a COST Action within the European Union Horizon 2020 framework programme, is to bring together this research effort, unite the multiple approaches to MFC, and to integrate these under a common conceptual and analytical framework. The consortium brings together a diverse group of scientists to collate existing MFC data, to identify knowledge gaps, to enhance complementarity among disciplines, and to devise common approaches to MFC. SEA-UNICORN will promote co-working between connectivity practitioners and ecosystem modelers to facilitate the incorporation of MFC data into the predictive models used to identify marine conservation priorities. Ultimately, SEA-UNICORN will forge strong forward-working links between scientists, policy-makers and stakeholders to facilitate the integration of MFC knowledge into decision support tools for marine management and environmental policies.
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22
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Demmer J, Robins P, Malham S, Lewis M, Owen A, Jones T, Neill S. The role of wind in controlling the connectivity of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) populations. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2022; 10:3. [PMID: 35063034 PMCID: PMC8783501 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-022-00301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Larval connectivity between distinct benthic populations is essential for their persistence. Although connectivity is difficult to measure in situ, it can be predicted via models that simulate biophysical interactions between larval behaviour and ocean currents. The blue mussel (Mytilus Edulis L.) is widespread throughout the northern hemisphere and extensively commercialised worldwide. In the Irish Sea, this industry represents ~ 50% of Welsh shellfisheries, where cultivation is mainly based on wild spat. However, the main sources and amount of spat varied interannually (1100 tonnes harvest in 2014 against zero in 2018). The aim of this study is to characterise the structure and dynamics of the blue mussel metapopulation within the northern part of the Irish Sea. METHODS We develop a Lagrangian particle tracking model, driven by a high-resolution (from 30 to 5000 m) validated unstructured coastal hydrodynamic model of the Irish Sea, to simulate spatial and temporal variability of larval dispersal and connectivity between distinct mussel populations and potential settlement areas. RESULTS Our results showed that: (1) larvae positioned near the surface were strongly influenced by wind-driven currents suggesting that connectivity networks had the potential to span hundreds of kilometres; (2) in contrast, larvae positioned deeper in the water column were driven by tidal currents, producing intricate spatial patterns of connectivity between mussel beds over tens of kilometres that were consistent over time. CONCLUSIONS Dispersal of mussel larvae in the tidally energetic Irish Sea during the April-May spawning season is potentially driven by wind-driven surface currents, as confirmed by fisherman observations of inter-annual variability in wild spat collection. These results have important implications for metapopulation dynamics within the context of climate change and sustainable shellfisheries management (i.e. gain and loss of populations and harvest areas according to wind conditions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Demmer
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew street, Menai Bridge, LL59 5AB UK
| | - Peter Robins
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew street, Menai Bridge, LL59 5AB UK
| | - Shelagh Malham
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew street, Menai Bridge, LL59 5AB UK
| | - Matthew Lewis
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew street, Menai Bridge, LL59 5AB UK
| | - Aaron Owen
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, LL57 2DG UK
| | - Trevor Jones
- Extramussel Limited, Refail Llanffinan, Llangefni, Anglesey, LL77 7SN UK
| | - Simon Neill
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Askew street, Menai Bridge, LL59 5AB UK
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23
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Xuereb A, Rougemont Q, Tiffin P, Xue H, Phifer-Rixey M. Individual-based eco-evolutionary models for understanding adaptation in changing seas. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20212006. [PMID: 34753353 PMCID: PMC8580472 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As climate change threatens species' persistence, predicting the potential for species to adapt to rapidly changing environments is imperative for the development of effective conservation strategies. Eco-evolutionary individual-based models (IBMs) can be useful tools for achieving this objective. We performed a literature review to identify studies that apply these tools in marine systems. Our survey suggested that this is an emerging area of research fuelled in part by developments in modelling frameworks that allow simulation of increasingly complex ecological, genetic and demographic processes. The studies we identified illustrate the promise of this approach and advance our understanding of the capacity for adaptation to outpace climate change. These studies also identify limitations of current models and opportunities for further development. We discuss three main topics that emerged across studies: (i) effects of genetic architecture and non-genetic responses on adaptive potential; (ii) capacity for gene flow to facilitate rapid adaptation; and (iii) impacts of multiple stressors on persistence. Finally, we demonstrate the approach using simple simulations and provide a framework for users to explore eco-evolutionary IBMs as tools for understanding adaptation in changing seas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Xuereb
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, 3050 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, Quebec, Canada G1 V 0A6
| | - Quentin Rougemont
- CEFE, Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive UMR 5175, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, Montpellier, France
| | - Peter Tiffin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, 1479 Gortner Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Huijie Xue
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, 5706 Aubert Hall, Orono, ME 04469-5706, USA
| | - Megan Phifer-Rixey
- Department of Biology, Monmouth University, 400 Cedar Avenue, West Long Branch, NJ, USA
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24
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Rakka M, Godinho A, Orejas C, Carreiro-Silva M. Embryo and larval biology of the deep-sea octocoral Dentomuricea aff. meteor under different temperature regimes. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11604. [PMID: 34414021 PMCID: PMC8340903 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep-sea octocorals are common habitat-formers in deep-sea ecosystems, however, our knowledge on their early life history stages is extremely limited. The present study focuses on the early life history of the species Dentomuricea aff. meteor, a common deep-sea octocoral in the Azores. The objective was to describe the embryo and larval biology of the target species under two temperature regimes, corresponding to the minimum and maximum temperatures in its natural environment during the spawning season. At temperature of 13 ±0.5 °C, embryos of the species reached the planula stage after 96h and displayed a median survival of 11 days. Planulae displayed swimming only after stimulation, swimming speed was 0.24 ±0.16 mm s−1 and increased slightly but significantly with time. Under a higher temperature (15 °C ±0.5 °C) embryos reached the planula stage 24 h earlier (after 72 h), displayed a median survival of 16 days and had significantly higher swimming speed (0.3 ±0.27 mm s−1). Although the differences in survival were not statistically significant, our results highlight how small changes in temperature can affect embryo and larval characteristics with potential cascading effects in larval dispersal and success. In both temperatures, settlement rates were low and metamorphosis occurred even without settlement. Such information is rarely available for deep-sea corals, although essential to achieve a better understanding of dispersal, connectivity and biogeographical patterns of benthic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rakka
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal.,Okeanos-Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar da Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - António Godinho
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal.,Okeanos-Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar da Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Covadonga Orejas
- Centro Oceanográfico de Gijón, Instituto Español de Oceanografia, IEO, CSIC, Gijón, Spain
| | - Marina Carreiro-Silva
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal.,Okeanos-Instituto de Investigação em Ciências do Mar da Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
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25
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Cecino G, Treml EA. Local connections and the larval competency strongly influence marine metapopulation persistence. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 31:e02302. [PMID: 33565673 PMCID: PMC8244011 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between metapopulation stability and connectivity has long been investigated in ecology, however, most of these studies are focused on theoretical species and habitat networks, having limited ability to capture the complexity of real-world metapopulations. Network analysis became more important in modeling connectivity, but it is still uncertain which network metrics are reliable predictors of persistence. Here we quantify the impact of connectivity and larval life history on marine metapopulation persistence across the complex seascape of southeast Australia. Our work coupled network-based approaches and eigenanalysis to efficiently estimate metapopulation-wide persistence and the subpopulation contributions. Larval dispersal models were used to quantify species-specific metapopulation connectivity for five important fisheries species, each summarized as a migration matrix. Eigenanalysis helped to reveal metapopulation persistence and determine the importance of node-level network properties. Across metapopulations, the number of local outgoing connections was found to have the largest impact on metapopulation persistence, implying these hub subpopulations may be the most influential in real-world metapopulations. Results also suggest the length of the pre-competency period may be the most influential parameter on metapopulation persistence. Finally, we identified two major hot spots of local connectivity in southeast Australia, each contributing strongly to multispecies persistence. Managers and ecologists would benefit by employing similar approaches in making more efficient and more ecologically informed decisions and focusing more on local connectivity patterns and larval competency characteristics to better understand and protect real-world metapopulation persistence. Practically this could mean developing more marine protected areas at shorter distances and supporting collaborative research into the early life histories of the species of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Cecino
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
| | - Eric A. Treml
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria3010Australia
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityWaurn PondsVictoria3216Australia
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26
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Roberts KE, Cook CN, Beher J, Treml EA. Assessing the current state of ecological connectivity in a large marine protected area system. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2021; 35:699-710. [PMID: 32623761 PMCID: PMC8048790 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of marine protected areas (MPAs) is a critical step in ensuring the continued persistence of marine biodiversity. Although the area protected in MPAs is growing, the movement of individuals (or larvae) among MPAs, termed connectivity, has only recently been included as an objective of many MPAs. As such, assessing connectivity is often neglected or oversimplified in the planning process. For promoting population persistence, it is important to ensure that protected areas in a system are functionally connected through dispersal or adult movement. We devised a multi-species model of larval dispersal for the Australian marine environment to evaluate how much local scale connectivity is protected in MPAs and determine whether the extensive system of MPAs truly functions as a network. We focused on non-migratory species with simplified larval behaviors (i.e., passive larval dispersal) (e.g., no explicit vertical migration) as an illustration. Of all the MPAs analyzed (approximately 2.7 million km2 ), outside the Great Barrier Reef and Ningaloo Reef, <50% of MPAs (46-80% of total MPA area depending on the species considered) were functionally connected. Our results suggest that Australia's MPA system cannot be referred to as a single network, but rather a collection of numerous smaller networks delineated by natural breaks in the connectivity of reef habitat. Depending on the dispersal capacity of the taxa of interest, there may be between 25 and 47 individual ecological networks distributed across the Australian marine environment. The need to first assess the underlying natural connectivity of a study system prior to implementing new MPAs represents a key research priority for strategically enlarging MPA networks. Our findings highlight the benefits of integrating multi-species connectivity into conservation planning to identify opportunities to better incorporate connectivity into the design of MPA systems and thus to increase their capacity to support long-term, sustainable biodiversity outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E. Roberts
- School of Marine and Atmospheric SciencesStony Brook University, Stony BrookNew York
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Carly N. Cook
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jutta Beher
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Eric A. Treml
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
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27
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Belharet M, Di Franco A, Calò A, Mari L, Claudet J, Casagrandi R, Gatto M, Lloret J, Sève C, Guidetti P, Melià P. Extending full protection inside existing marine protected areas, or reducing fishing effort outside, can reconcile conservation and fisheries goals. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mokrane Belharet
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Antonio Di Franco
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Sicily, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (Complesso Roosevelt) Palermo Italy
- UMR 7035 ECOSEAS Université Côte d'AzurCNRS Nice France
| | - Antonio Calò
- UMR 7035 ECOSEAS Université Côte d'AzurCNRS Nice France
- CoNISMa Roma Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM) Università di Palermo Palermo Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mari
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research PSL Université ParisCRIOBEUSR3278 CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVDMaison des Océans Paris France
| | - Renato Casagrandi
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Marino Gatto
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano Milano Italy
| | - Josep Lloret
- Faculty of Science University of Girona Girona Spain
| | - Charlotte Sève
- National Center for Scientific Research PSL Université ParisCRIOBEUSR3278 CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVDMaison des Océans Paris France
| | | | - Paco Melià
- Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano Milano Italy
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28
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Iannucci A, Cannicci S, Caliani I, Baratti M, Pretti C, Fratini S. Investigation of mechanisms underlying chaotic genetic patchiness in the intertidal marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Brachyura: Grapsidae) across the Ligurian Sea. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:108. [PMID: 32831022 PMCID: PMC7444255 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Studies on marine community dynamics and population structures are limited by the lack of exhaustive knowledge on the larval dispersal component of connectivity. Genetic data represents a powerful tool in understanding such processes in the marine realm. When dealing with dispersion and connectivity in marine ecosystems, many evidences show patterns of genetic structure that cannot be explained by any clear geographic trend and may show temporal instability. This scenario is usually referred to as chaotic genetic patchiness, whose driving mechanisms are recognized to be selection, temporal shifts in local population dynamics, sweepstakes reproductive success and collective dispersal. In this study we focused on the marbled crab Pachygrapsus marmoratus that inhabits the rocky shores of the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and East Atlantic Ocean, and disperses through planktonic larvae for about 1 month. P. marmoratus exhibits unexpectedly low connectivity levels at local scale, although well-defined phylogeographic patterns across the species’ distribution range were described. This has been explained as an effect of subtle geographic barriers or due to sweepstake reproductive success. In order to verify a chaotic genetic patchiness scenario, and to explore mechanisms underlying it, we planned our investigation within the Ligurian Sea, an isolated basin of the western Mediterranean Sea, and we genotyped 321 individuals at 11 microsatellite loci. Results We recorded genetic heterogeneity among our Ligurian Sea samples with the occurrence of genetic clusters not matching the original populations and a slight inter-population divergence, with the geographically most distant populations being the genetically most similar ones. Moreover, individuals from each site were assigned to all the genetic clusters. We also recorded evidences of self-recruitment and a higher than expected within-site kinship. Conclusions Overall, our results suggest that the chaotic genetic patchiness we found in P. marmoratus Ligurian Sea populations is the result of a combination of differences in reproductive success, en masse larval dispersion and local larval retention. This study defines P. marmoratus as an example of marine spawner whose genetic pool is not homogenous at population level, but rather split in a chaotic mosaic of slightly differentiated genetic patches derived from complex and dynamic ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iannucci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - S Cannicci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy. .,The Swire Institute of Marine Science and the Division of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - I Caliani
- Department of Environment, Earth and Physical Sciences, University of Siena, via Mattioli 4, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - M Baratti
- National Research Council - IBBR, via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - C Pretti
- Interuniversity Consortium of Marine Biology of Leghorn "G. Bacci", viale N. Sauro 4, 57128, Livorno, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, via Livornese lato monte, 56122, San Piero a Grado (PI), Italy
| | - S Fratini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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29
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Cantrell DL, Groner ML, Ben-Horin T, Grant J, Revie CW. Modeling Pathogen Dispersal in Marine Fish and Shellfish. Trends Parasitol 2020; 36:239-249. [PMID: 32037136 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In marine ecosystems, oceanographic processes often govern host contacts with infectious agents. Consequently, many approaches developed to quantify pathogen dispersal in terrestrial ecosystems have limited use in the marine context. Recent applications in marine disease modeling demonstrate that physical oceanographic models coupled with biological models of infectious agents can characterize dispersal networks of pathogens in marine ecosystems. Biophysical modeling has been used over the past two decades to model larval dispersion but has only recently been utilized in marine epidemiology. In this review, we describe how biophysical models function and how they can be used to measure connectivity of infectious agents between sites, test hypotheses regarding pathogen dispersal, and quantify patterns of pathogen spread, focusing on fish and shellfish pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Cantrell
- Health Management Department, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.
| | - Maya L Groner
- Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, AK, USA; Affiliate, US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tal Ben-Horin
- Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science, College of the Environment and Life Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA; Center for Marine Science and Technology, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Morehead City, NC, USA
| | - Jon Grant
- Oceanography Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Crawford W Revie
- Health Management Department, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada; Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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30
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Fobert EK, Treml EA, Swearer SE. Dispersal and population connectivity are phenotype dependent in a marine metapopulation. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20191104. [PMID: 31455189 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2019.1104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Larval dispersal is a key process determining population connectivity, metapopulation dynamics, and community structure in benthic marine ecosystems, yet the biophysical complexity of dispersal is not well understood. In this study, we investigate the interaction between disperser phenotype and hydrodynamics on larval dispersal pathways, using a temperate reef fish species, Trachinops caudimaculatus. We assessed the influence of larval traits on depth distribution and dispersal outcomes by: (i) using 24-h depth-stratified ichthyoplankton sampling, (ii) quantifying individual phenotypes using larval growth histories extracted from the sagittal otoliths of individual larvae, and (iii) simulating potential dispersal outcomes based on the empirical distribution of larval phenotypes and an advanced biological-physical ocean model. We found T. caudimaculatus larvae were vertically stratified with respect to phenotype, with high-quality phenotypes found in the bottom two depth strata, and poor-quality phenotypes found primarily at the surface. Our model showed high- and average-quality larvae experienced significantly higher local retention (more than double) and self-recruitment, and travelled shorter distances relative to poor-quality larvae. As populations are only connected when dispersers survive long enough to reproduce, determining how larval phenotype influences dispersal outcomes will be important for improving our understanding of marine population connectivity and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Fobert
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eric A Treml
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Stephen E Swearer
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,National Centre for Coasts and Climate, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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31
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Bode M, Leis JM, Mason LB, Williamson DH, Harrison HB, Choukroun S, Jones GP. Successful validation of a larval dispersal model using genetic parentage data. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000380. [PMID: 31299043 PMCID: PMC6655847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Larval dispersal is a critically important yet enigmatic process in marine ecology, evolution, and conservation. Determining the distance and direction that tiny larvae travel in the open ocean continues to be a challenge. Our current understanding of larval dispersal patterns at management-relevant scales is principally and separately informed by genetic parentage data and biological-oceanographic (biophysical) models. Parentage datasets provide clear evidence of individual larval dispersal events, but their findings are spatially and temporally limited. Biophysical models offer a more complete picture of dispersal patterns at regional scales but are of uncertain accuracy. Here, we develop statistical techniques that integrate these two important sources of information on larval dispersal. We then apply these methods to an extensive genetic parentage dataset to successfully validate a high-resolution biophysical model for the economically important reef fish species Plectropomus maculatus in the southern Great Barrier Reef. Our results demonstrate that biophysical models can provide accurate descriptions of larval dispersal at spatial and temporal scales that are relevant to management. They also show that genetic parentage datasets provide enough statistical power to exclude poor biophysical models. Biophysical models that included species-specific larval behaviour provided markedly better fits to the parentage data than assuming passive behaviour, but incorrect behavioural assumptions led to worse predictions than ignoring behaviour altogether. Our approach capitalises on the complementary strengths of genetic parentage datasets and high-resolution biophysical models to produce an accurate picture of larval dispersal patterns at regional scales. The results provide essential empirical support for the use of accurately parameterised biophysical larval dispersal models in marine spatial planning and management. Our understanding of marine fish larva dispersal is currently limited by sparse data and unvalidated models; combining DNA parentage matches with an oceanographic model of fish larvae on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef allows the authors to ground-truth a vital tool for sustainably managing coral reef fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bode
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeffrey M. Leis
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- The Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Luciano B. Mason
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David H. Williamson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hugo B. Harrison
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Severine Choukroun
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey P. Jones
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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32
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Miller AD, Hoffmann AA, Tan MH, Young M, Ahrens C, Cocomazzo M, Rattray A, Ierodiaconou DA, Treml E, Sherman CDH. Local and regional scale habitat heterogeneity contribute to genetic adaptation in a commercially important marine mollusc (
Haliotis rubra
) from southeastern Australia. Mol Ecol 2019; 28:3053-3072. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Miller
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
- Deakin Genomics Centre Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Mun Hua Tan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
- Deakin Genomics Centre Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Mary Young
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Collin Ahrens
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University Penrith New South Wales Australia
| | - Michael Cocomazzo
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Alex Rattray
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Daniel A. Ierodiaconou
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Eric Treml
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
| | - Craig D. H. Sherman
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
- Deakin Genomics Centre Deakin University Geelong Victoria Australia
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33
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Van der Stocken T, Wee AKS, De Ryck DJR, Vanschoenwinkel B, Friess DA, Dahdouh-Guebas F, Simard M, Koedam N, Webb EL. A general framework for propagule dispersal in mangroves. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1547-1575. [PMID: 31058451 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dispersal allows species to shift their distributions in response to changing climate conditions. As a result, dispersal is considered a key process contributing to a species' long-term persistence. For many passive dispersers, fluid dynamics of wind and water fuel these movements and different species have developed remarkable adaptations for utilizing this energy to reach and colonize suitable habitats. The seafaring propagules (fruits and seeds) of mangroves represent an excellent example of such passive dispersal. Mangroves are halophytic woody plants that grow in the intertidal zones along tropical and subtropical shorelines and produce hydrochorous propagules with high dispersal potential. This results in exceptionally large coastal ranges across vast expanses of ocean and allows species to shift geographically and track the conditions to which they are adapted. This is particularly relevant given the challenges presented by rapid sea-level rise, higher frequency and intensity of storms, and changes in regional precipitation and temperature regimes. However, despite its importance, the underlying drivers of mangrove dispersal have typically been studied in isolation, and a conceptual synthesis of mangrove oceanic dispersal across spatial scales is lacking. Here, we review current knowledge on mangrove propagule dispersal across the various stages of the dispersal process. Using a general framework, we outline the mechanisms and ecological processes that are known to modulate the spatial patterns of mangrove dispersal. We show that important dispersal factors remain understudied and that adequate empirical data on the determinants of dispersal are missing for most mangrove species. This review particularly aims to provide a baseline for developing future research agendas and field campaigns, filling current knowledge gaps and increasing our understanding of the processes that shape global mangrove distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Van der Stocken
- Earth Science Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, U.S.A.,Radar Science and Engineering Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, U.S.A.,Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Alison K S Wee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.,Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Dennis J R De Ryck
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | | | - Daniel A Friess
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117570, Singapore
| | - Farid Dahdouh-Guebas
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium.,Systems Ecology and Resource Management, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Marc Simard
- Radar Science and Engineering Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, U.S.A
| | - Nico Koedam
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Edward L Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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34
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Moneghetti J, Figueiredo J, Baird AH, Connolly SR. High-frequency sampling and piecewise models reshape dispersal kernels of a common reef coral. Ecology 2019; 100:e02730. [PMID: 30991454 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Models of dispersal potential are required to predict connectivity between populations of sessile organisms. However, to date, such models do not allow for time-varying rates of acquisition and loss of competence to settle and metamorphose, and permit only a limited range of possible survivorship curves. We collect high-resolution observations of coral larval survival and metamorphosis, and apply a piecewise modeling approach that incorporates a broad range of temporally varying rates of mortality and loss of competence. Our analysis identified marked changes in competence loss and mortality rates, the timing of which implicates developmental failure and depletion of energy reserves. Asymmetric demographic rates suggest more intermediate-range dispersal, less local retention, and less long-distance dispersal than predicted by previously employed non-piecewise models. Because vital rates are likely temporally asymmetric, at least for nonfeeding broadcast-spawned larvae, piecewise analysis of demographic rates will likely yield more reliable predictions of dispersal potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Moneghetti
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Joana Figueiredo
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, 8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, Florida, 33004, USA
| | - Andrew H Baird
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Sean R Connolly
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
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35
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Strömberg SM, Östman C, Larsson AI. The cnidome and ultrastructural morphology of late planulae in
Lophelia pertusa
(Linnaeus, 1758)—With implications for settling competency. ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna M. Strömberg
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Carina Östman
- Evolutionary Biology Centre Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ann I. Larsson
- Department of Marine Sciences, Tjärnö Marine Laboratory University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
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Shaw AK, D’Aloia CC, Buston PM. The Evolution of Marine Larval Dispersal Kernels in Spatially Structured Habitats: Analytical Models, Individual-Based Simulations, and Comparisons with Empirical Estimates. Am Nat 2019; 193:424-435. [DOI: 10.1086/701667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Long-Distance Benefits of Marine Reserves: Myth or Reality? Trends Ecol Evol 2019; 34:342-354. [PMID: 30777295 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance (>40-km) dispersal from marine reserves is poorly documented; yet, it can provide essential benefits such as seeding fished areas or connecting marine reserves into networks. From a meta-analysis, we suggest that the spatial scale of marine connectivity is underestimated due to the limited geographic extent of sampling designs. We also found that the largest marine reserves (>1000km2) are the most isolated. These findings have important implications for the assessment of evolutionary, ecological, and socio-economic long-distance benefits of marine reserves. We conclude that existing methods to infer dispersal should consider the up-to-date genomic advances and also expand the spatial scale of sampling designs. Incorporating long-distance connectivity in conservation planning will contribute to increase the benefits of marine reserve networks.
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Pfaller JB, Payton AC, Bjorndal KA, Bolten AB, McDaniel SF. Hitchhiking the high seas: Global genomics of rafting crabs. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:957-974. [PMID: 30805133 PMCID: PMC6374717 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Population differentiation and diversification depend in large part on the ability and propensity of organisms to successfully disperse. However, our understanding of these processes in organisms with high dispersal ability is biased by the limited genetic resolution offered by traditional genotypic markers. Many neustonic animals disperse not only as pelagic larvae, but also as juveniles and adults while drifting or rafting at the surface of the open ocean. In theory, the heightened dispersal ability of these animals should limit opportunities for species diversification and population differentiation. To test these predictions, we used next-generation sequencing of genomewide restriction-site-associated DNA tags (RADseq) and traditional mitochondrial DNA sequencing, to investigate the species-level relationships and global population structure of Planes crabs collected from oceanic flotsam and sea turtles. Our results indicate that species diversity in this clade is low-likely three closely related species-with no evidence of cryptic or undescribed species. Moreover, our results indicate weak population differentiation among widely separated aggregations with genetic indices showing only subtle genetic discontinuities across all oceans of the world (RADseq F ST = 0.08-0.16). The results of this study provide unprecedented resolution of the systematics and global biogeography of this group and contribute valuable information to our understanding of how theoretical dispersal potential relates to actual population differentiation and diversification among marine organisms. Moreover, these results demonstrate the limitations of single gene analyses and the value of genomic-level resolution for estimating contemporary population structure in organisms with large, highly connected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Pfaller
- Department of Biology, Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle ResearchUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
- Caretta Research ProjectSavannahGeorgia
| | - Adam C. Payton
- Department of BiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Karen A. Bjorndal
- Department of Biology, Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle ResearchUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
| | - Alan B. Bolten
- Department of Biology, Archie Carr Center for Sea Turtle ResearchUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida
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Shima JS, Swearer SE. Moonlight enhances growth in larval fish. Ecology 2018; 100:e02563. [PMID: 30422325 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Moonlight mediates trophic interactions and shapes the evolution of life-history strategies for nocturnal organisms. Reproductive cycles and important life-history transitions for many marine organisms coincide with moon phases, but few studies consider the effects of moonlight on pelagic larvae at sea. We evaluated effects of moonlight on growth of pelagic larvae of a temperate reef fish using "master chronologies" of larval growth constructed from age-independent daily increment widths recorded in otoliths of 321 individuals. We found that daily growth rates of fish larvae were enhanced by lunar illumination after controlling for the positive influence of temperature and the negative influence of cloud cover. Collectively, these results indicate that moonlight enhances growth rates of larval fish. This pattern is likely the result of moonlight's combined effects on foraging efficiency and suppression of diel migrations of mesopelagic predators, and has the potential to drive evolution of marine life histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Shima
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Stephen E Swearer
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Cantrell DL, Rees EE, Vanderstichel R, Grant J, Filgueira R, Revie CW. The Use of Kernel Density Estimation With a Bio-Physical Model Provides a Method to Quantify Connectivity Among Salmon Farms: Spatial Planning and Management With Epidemiological Relevance. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:269. [PMID: 30425996 PMCID: PMC6218437 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Connectivity in an aquatic setting is determined by a combination of hydrodynamic circulation and the biology of the organisms driving linkages. These complex processes can be simulated in coupled biological-physical models. The physical model refers to an underlying circulation model defined by spatially-explicit nodes, often incorporating a particle-tracking model. The particles can then be given biological parameters or behaviors (such as maturity and/or survivability rates, diel vertical migrations, avoidance, or seeking behaviors). The output of the bio-physical models can then be used to quantify connectivity among the nodes emitting and/or receiving the particles. Here we propose a method that makes use of kernel density estimation (KDE) on the output of a particle-tracking model, to quantify the infection or infestation pressure (IP) that each node causes on the surrounding area. Because IP is the product of both exposure time and the concentration of infectious agent particles, using KDE (which also combine elements of time and space), more accurately captures IP. This method is especially useful for those interested in infectious agent networks, a situation where IP is a superior measure of connectivity than the probability of particles from each node reaching other nodes. Here we illustrate the method by modeling the connectivity of salmon farms via sea lice larvae in the Broughton Archipelago, British Columbia, Canada. Analysis revealed evidence of two sub-networks of farms connected via a single farm, and evidence that the highest IP from a given emitting farm was often tens of kilometers or more away from that farm. We also classified farms as net emitters, receivers, or balanced, based on their structural role within the network. By better understanding how these salmon farms are connected to each other via their sea lice larvae, we can effectively focus management efforts to minimize the spread of sea lice between farms, advise on future site locations and coordinated treatment efforts, and minimize any impact of farms on juvenile wild salmon. The method has wide applicability for any system where capturing infectious agent networks can provide useful guidance for management or preventative planning decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Cantrell
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Erin E Rees
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada.,Land and Sea Systems Analysis, Granby, QC, Canada
| | - Raphael Vanderstichel
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Jon Grant
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Ramón Filgueira
- Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Crawford W Revie
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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41
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Ocean sprawl facilitates dispersal and connectivity of protected species. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11346. [PMID: 30115932 PMCID: PMC6095900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly connected networks generally improve resilience in complex systems. We present a novel application of this paradigm and investigated the potential for anthropogenic structures in the ocean to enhance connectivity of a protected species threatened by human pressures and climate change. Biophysical dispersal models of a protected coral species simulated potential connectivity between oil and gas installations across the North Sea but also metapopulation outcomes for naturally occurring corals downstream. Network analyses illustrated how just a single generation of virtual larvae released from these installations could create a highly connected anthropogenic system, with larvae becoming competent to settle over a range of natural deep-sea, shelf and fjord coral ecosystems including a marine protected area. These results provide the first study showing that a system of anthropogenic structures can have international conservation significance by creating ecologically connected networks and by acting as stepping stones for cross-border interconnection to natural populations.
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42
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The Eastern Tropical Pacific coral population connectivity and the role of the Eastern Pacific Barrier. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9354. [PMID: 29921956 PMCID: PMC6008413 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-distance dispersal is believed to strongly influence coral reef population dynamics across the Tropical Pacific. However, the spatial scale and strength at which populations are potentially connected by dispersal remains uncertain. To determine the patterns in connectivity between the Eastern (ETP) and Central Tropical Pacific (CTP) ecoregions, we used a biophysical model incorporating ocean currents and larval biology to quantify the seascape-wide dispersal potential among all population. We quantified the likelihood and determined the oceanographic conditions that enable the dispersal of coral larvae across the Eastern Pacific Barrier (EP-Barrier) and identified the main connectivity pathways and their conservation value for dominant reef-building corals. Overall, we found that coral assemblages within the CTP and ETP are weakly connected through dispersal. Although the EP-Barrier isolates the ETP from the CTP ecoregion, we found evidence that the EP-Barrier may be breached, in both directions, by rare dispersal events. These rare events could explain the evolutionary genetic similarity among populations of pocilloporids in the ecoregions. Moreover, the ETP may function as a stronger source rather than a destination, providing potential recruits to CTP populations. We also show evidence for a connectivity loop in the ETP, which may positively influence long-term population persistence in the region. Coral conservation and management communities should consider eight-key stepping stone ecoregions when developing strategies to preserve the long-distance connectivity potential across the ETP and CTP.
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Fine-scale temperature-associated genetic structure between inshore and offshore populations of sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus). Heredity (Edinb) 2018; 122:69-80. [PMID: 29773897 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-018-0087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In the northwest Atlantic Ocean, sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) has been characterized by a latitudinal genetic cline with a breakpoint between northern and southern genetic clusters occurring at ~45°N along eastern Nova Scotia, Canada. Using 96 diagnostic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) capable of discriminating between northern and southern clusters, we examined fine-scale genetic structure of scallops among 27 sample locations, spanning the largest geographic range evaluated in this species to date (~37-51°N). Here, we confirmed previous observations of northern and southern groups, but we show that the boundary between northern and southern clusters is not a discrete latitudinal break. Instead, at latitudes near the previously described boundary, we found unexpected patterns of fine-scale genetic structure occurring between inshore and offshore sites. Scallops from offshore sites, including St. Pierre Bank and the eastern Scotian Shelf, clustered with southern stocks, whereas inshore sites at similar latitudes clustered with northern stocks. Our analyses revealed significant genetic divergence across small spatial scales (i.e., 129-221 km distances), and that spatial structure over large and fine scales was strongly associated with temperature during seasonal periods of thermal minima. Clear temperature differences between inshore and offshore locations may explain the fine-scale structuring observed, such as why southern lineages of scallop occur at higher latitudes in deeper, warmer offshore waters. Our study supports growing evidence that fine-scale population structure in marine species is common, often environmentally associated, and that consideration of environmental and genomic data can significantly enhance the identification of marine diversity and management units.
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Sanvicente-Añorve L, Zavala-Hidalgo J, Allende-Arandía E, Hermoso-Salazar M. Larval dispersal in three coral reef decapod species: Influence of larval duration on the metapopulation structure. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193457. [PMID: 29558478 PMCID: PMC5860695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Most coral-associated decapod species have non-migratory adult populations and depend on their planktonic larvae for dispersal. This study examined the metapopulation structure of three decapod species with different pelagic larval duration (PLD) from twelve coral reef complexes of the Gulf of Mexico. The dispersion of larvae was analyzed through the use of a realistic numerical simulation of the Gulf of Mexico with the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model. To study the transport and dispersion of particles in near-surface waters, a particle-tracking subroutine was run using as input the currents from the model. The simulation consisted of the launch of 100 passive particles (virtual larvae) every 24 hours from each reef throughout five years, and tracked for as long as 210 days. Results indicated that species with a short PLD, Mithraculus sculptus (PLD 8‒13 days), had a weak connection among the reefs, but higher self-recruitment, especially on the narrow western shelf. The species with a longer PLD, Dromia erythropus (28‒30 days), had a stronger connection among neighboring reefs (< 300 km). Finally, the species with an even longer PLD, Stenopus hispidus (123‒210 days), had a wider potential distribution than the other species. Circulation on synoptic, seasonal and interannual scales had differential effects on the larval dispersal of each species. The metapopulation structure of M. sculptus and D. erythropus seemed to combine features of the non-equilibrium and the patchy models, whereas that of S. hispidus presumably fit to a patchy model. These findings support previous observations that indicate that species with longer PLD tend to occupy larger areas than species with short PLD, although recruitment of juveniles to the adult populations will also depend on other factors, such as the availability of suitable habitats and the ability to colonize them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanvicente-Añorve
- Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Zavala-Hidalgo
- Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Allende-Arandía
- Cátedra CONACyT, Laboratorio de Ingeniería y Procesos Costeros, Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
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45
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DiBattista JD, Travers MJ, Moore GI, Evans RD, Newman SJ, Feng M, Moyle SD, Gorton RJ, Saunders T, Berry O. Seascape genomics reveals fine-scale patterns of dispersal for a reef fish along the ecologically divergent coast of Northwestern Australia. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:6206-6223. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. DiBattista
- Department of Environment and Agriculture; Curtin University; Perth WA Australia
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution; Crawley WA Australia
| | - Michael J. Travers
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution; Crawley WA Australia
- Western Australia Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories; Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development; Government of Western Australia; North Beach WA Australia
| | - Glenn I. Moore
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution; Crawley WA Australia
- Department of Aquatic Zoology; Western Australian Museum; Welshpool WA Australia
| | - Richard D. Evans
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions; Perth WA Australia
- School of Biological Sciences and Oceans Institute; University of Western Australia; Crawley WA Australia
| | - Stephen J. Newman
- Western Australia Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories; Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development; Government of Western Australia; North Beach WA Australia
| | - Ming Feng
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution; Crawley WA Australia
- CSIRO National Collections and Marine Infrastructure; Level 4 - Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre; The University of Western Australia; Crawley WA Australia
| | - Samuel D. Moyle
- Western Australia Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories; Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development; Government of Western Australia; North Beach WA Australia
| | | | - Thor Saunders
- Northern Territory Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries; Darwin NT Australia
| | - Oliver Berry
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution; Crawley WA Australia
- CSIRO National Collections and Marine Infrastructure; Level 4 - Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre; The University of Western Australia; Crawley WA Australia
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Abstract
Coral reefs rely on inter-habitat connectivity to maintain gene flow, biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. Coral reef communities of the Red Sea exhibit remarkable genetic homogeneity across most of the Arabian Peninsula coastline, with a genetic break towards the southern part of the basin. While previous studies have attributed these patterns to environmental heterogeneity, we hypothesize that they may also emerge as a result of dynamic circulation flow; yet, such linkages remain undemonstrated. Here, we integrate satellite-derived biophysical observations, particle dispersion model simulations, genetic population data and ship-borne in situ profiles to assess reef connectivity in the Red Sea. We simulated long-term (>20 yrs.) connectivity patterns driven by remotely-sensed sea surface height and evaluated results against estimates of genetic distance among populations of anemonefish, Amphiprion bicinctus, along the eastern Red Sea coastline. Predicted connectivity was remarkably consistent with genetic population data, demonstrating that circulation features (eddies, surface currents) formulate physical pathways for gene flow. The southern basin has lower physical connectivity than elsewhere, agreeing with known genetic structure of coral reef organisms. The central Red Sea provides key source regions, meriting conservation priority. Our analysis demonstrates a cost-effective tool to estimate biophysical connectivity remotely, supporting coastal management in data-limited regions.
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Gould AL, Dunlap PV. Genomic analysis of a cardinalfish with larval homing potential reveals genetic admixture in the Okinawa Islands. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:3870-3882. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. L. Gould
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
| | - P. V. Dunlap
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI USA
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Castorani MCN, Reed DC, Raimondi PT, Alberto F, Bell TW, Cavanaugh KC, Siegel DA, Simons RD. Fluctuations in population fecundity drive variation in demographic connectivity and metapopulation dynamics. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20162086. [PMID: 28123088 PMCID: PMC5310032 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Demographic connectivity is vital to sustaining metapopulations yet often changes dramatically through time due to variation in the production and dispersal of offspring. However, the relative importance of variation in fecundity and dispersal in determining the connectivity and dynamics of metapopulations is poorly understood due to the paucity of comprehensive spatio-temporal data on these processes for most species. We quantified connectivity in metapopulations of a marine foundation species (giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera) across 11 years and approximately 900 km of coastline by estimating population fecundity with satellite imagery and propagule dispersal using a high-resolution ocean circulation model. By varying the temporal complexity of different connectivity measures and comparing their ability to explain observed extinction-colonization dynamics, we discovered that fluctuations in population fecundity, rather than fluctuations in dispersal, are the dominant driver of variation in connectivity and contribute substantially to metapopulation recovery and persistence. Thus, for species with high variability in reproductive output and modest variability in dispersal (most plants, many animals), connectivity measures ignoring fluctuations in fecundity may overestimate connectivity and likelihoods of persistence, limiting their value for understanding and conserving metapopulations. However, we demonstrate how connectivity measures can be simplified while retaining utility, validating a practical solution for data-limited systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max C N Castorani
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Daniel C Reed
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Peter T Raimondi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Filipe Alberto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Tom W Bell
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Kyle C Cavanaugh
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David A Siegel
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Rachel D Simons
- Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Wren JLK, Kobayashi DR, Jia Y, Toonen RJ. Modeled Population Connectivity across the Hawaiian Archipelago. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167626. [PMID: 27930680 PMCID: PMC5145177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the first comprehensive estimate of connectivity of passive pelagic particles released from coral reef habitat throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago. Potential connectivity is calculated using a Lagrangian particle transport model coupled offline with currents generated by an oceanographic circulation model, MITgcm. The connectivity matrices show a surprising degree of self-recruitment and directional dispersal towards the northwest, from the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) to the northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). We identify three predicted connectivity breaks in the archipelago, that is, areas in the mid and northern part of the archipelago that have limited connections with surrounding islands and reefs. Predicted regions of limited connectivity generally match observed patterns of genetic structure reported for coral reef species in the uninhabited NWHI, but multiple genetic breaks observed in the inhabited MHI are not explained by passive dispersal. The better congruence in our modeling results based on physical transport of passive particles in the low-lying atolls of the uninhabited NWHI, but not in the anthropogenically impacted high islands of the MHI begs the question: what ultimately controls connectivity in this system?
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L. K. Wren
- Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, United States of America
- Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Kāne‘ohe, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Donald R. Kobayashi
- Ecosystems and Oceanography Program, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, United States of America
| | - Yanli Jia
- International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai‘i, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Toonen
- Hawaiʻi Institute of Marine Biology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa, Kāne‘ohe, Hawaiʻi, United States of America
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