1
|
Kumari S, Kumar A, Lepcha A, Kumar R. Cold-adapted Exiguobacterium sibiricum K1 as a potential bioinoculant in cold regions: Physiological and genomic elucidation of biocontrol and plant growth promotion. Gene 2024; 916:148439. [PMID: 38583819 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The scarcity of soil nutrient availability under cold conditions of Himalayan regions needs a sustainable approach for better crop yields. The cold-adapted bacteria, Exiguobacterium sibiricum K1, with the potential to produce several plant growth-promoting (PGP) attributes, nitrogen fixation, indole acetic acid production, phosphate and potassium solubilization at 10 °C can provide an opportunity to promote crop yield improvement in an eco-friendly way under cold conditions. The bacterium also exhibited biocontrol activity against two phytopathogens and produced siderophore (53.0 ± 0.5 % psu). The strain's PGP properties were investigated using a spinach-based bioassay under controlled conditions. The bacterized seeds showed a notable increase in germination rate (23.2 %), shoot length (65.3 %), root length (56.6 %), leaf area (73.7 %), number of leaflets (65.2 %), and dry matter (65.2 %). Additionally, the leaf analysis indicated elevated chlorophyll pigments, i.e., chlorophyll a (55.5 %), chlorophyll b (42.8 %), carotenoids (35.2 %), percentage radical scavenging activity (47.4 %), and leaf nutrient uptake such as nitrogen (23.4 %), calcium (60.8 %), potassium (62.3 %), and magnesium (28.9 %). Moreover, the whole-genome sequencing and genome mining endorsed various biofertilisation-related genes, including genes for potassium and phosphate solubilization, iron and nitrogen acquisition, carbon dioxide fixation, and biocontrol ability of Exiguobacterium sibiricum K1. Overall, this study highlights the role of Exiguobacterium sibiricum K1 as a potential bioinoculant for improving crop yield under cold environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sareeka Kumari
- High Altitude Microbiology Laboratory (HAM-LAB), Biotechnology Division, CSIR -Institute of Himalayan and Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P. 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- High Altitude Microbiology Laboratory (HAM-LAB), Biotechnology Division, CSIR -Institute of Himalayan and Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P. 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Ayush Lepcha
- High Altitude Microbiology Laboratory (HAM-LAB), Biotechnology Division, CSIR -Institute of Himalayan and Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P. 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Rakshak Kumar
- High Altitude Microbiology Laboratory (HAM-LAB), Biotechnology Division, CSIR -Institute of Himalayan and Bioresource Technology, Palampur, H.P. 176061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India; Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University (A Central University), Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Son YG, Jung J, Lee DK, Park SW, Kim JY, Kim HJ. Validation of an Analytical Method of 3',4',5-Trihydroxy-3-Methoxy-6,7-Methylenedioxyflavone 4'-Glucuronide for Standardization of Spinacia oleracea. Molecules 2024; 29:2494. [PMID: 38893369 PMCID: PMC11173439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is one of the most famous vegetables worldwide, rich in essential metabolites for various health benefits. It is a valuable plant source that has the potential to be a nutraceutical. This study aimed to evaluate the single characteristic marker compound to establish the validation of HPLC-DAD methods applied to the development of a nutraceutical using spinach samples. Six metabolites (1-6) were identified from the spinach samples such as freeze-dried spinach (FDS) and spinach extract concentrate (SEC) by LC-Q-TOF/MS analysis. Among the six metabolites, 3',4',5-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone 4'-glucuronide (TMG) was selected as a marker compound due to its highest abundance and high selectivity. The specificity, accuracy, linearity, precision, repeatability, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ) of TMG in the spinach samples (FDS and SEC) were validated according to AOAC international guideline. The specificity was confirmed by monitoring the well separation of the marker compound from other compounds of spinach samples in the base peak intensity (BPI) and ultraviolet (UV) chromatogram. The calibration curve of TMG (15.625~500 μg/mL) had reasonable linearity (R2 = 0.999) considered with LOD and LOQ values, respectively. Recovery rate of TMG was 93-101% for FDS and 90-95% for SEC. The precision was less than 3 and 6% in the intraday and interday. As a result, the HPLC-DAD validation method of TMG in the spinach samples (FDS and SEC) was first established with AOAC and KFDA regulations for approving functional ingredients in functional foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gon Son
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Anti-aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
| | - Juyoung Jung
- Brain Health Lab. Co., Ltd., Business Incubating Center (C-203), Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Kun Lee
- Tyrosine Peptide Multiuse Research Group, Department of Physiology and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Antiaging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang Won Park
- Tyrosine Peptide Multiuse Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Antiaging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jeong Yoon Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Anti-aging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Tyrosine Peptide Multiuse Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Antiaging Bio Cell Factory Regional Leading Research Center, Gyeongsang National University, 15 Jinju-daero 816 Beongil, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sena L, Mica E, Valè G, Vaccino P, Pecchioni N. Exploring the potential of endophyte-plant interactions for improving crop sustainable yields in a changing climate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1349401. [PMID: 38571718 PMCID: PMC10988515 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1349401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change poses a major threat to global food security, significantly reducing crop yields as cause of abiotic stresses, and for boosting the spread of new and old pathogens and pests. Sustainable crop management as a route to mitigation poses the challenge of recruiting an array of solutions and tools for the new aims. Among these, the deployment of positive interactions between the micro-biotic components of agroecosystems and plants can play a highly significant role, as part of the agro-ecological revolution. Endophytic microorganisms have emerged as a promising solution to tackle this challenge. Among these, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and endophytic bacteria and fungi have demonstrated their potential to alleviate abiotic stresses such as drought and heat stress, as well as the impacts of biotic stresses. They can enhance crop yields in a sustainable way also by other mechanisms, such as improving the nutrient uptake, or by direct effects on plant physiology. In this review we summarize and update on the main types of endophytes, we highlight several studies that demonstrate their efficacy in improving sustainable yields and explore possible avenues for implementing crop-microbiota interactions. The mechanisms underlying these interactions are highly complex and require a comprehensive understanding. For this reason, omic technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have been employed to unravel, by a higher level of information, the complex network of interactions between plants and microorganisms. Therefore, we also discuss the various omic approaches and techniques that have been used so far to study plant-endophyte interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Sena
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Sede Agraria, UNIMORE - Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, CREA – Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Erica Mica
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, UPO – Università del Piemonte Orientale, Complesso San Giuseppe, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Giampiero Valè
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, UPO – Università del Piemonte Orientale, Complesso San Giuseppe, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vaccino
- Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, CREA – Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Nicola Pecchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Sede Agraria, UNIMORE - Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, CREA – Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Vercelli, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca Cerealicoltura e Colture Industriali, CREA – Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria, Foggia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Javaid S, Mushtaq S, Mumtaz MZ, Rasool G, Naqqash T, Afzal M, Mushtaq U, Ali HM, Akhtar MFUZ, Abbas G, Li L. Mineral Solubilizing Rhizobacterial Strains Mediated Biostimulation of Rhodes Grass Seedlings. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2543. [PMID: 37894201 PMCID: PMC10609362 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Minerals play a dynamic role in plant growth and development. However, most of these mineral nutrients are unavailable to plants due to their presence in fixed forms, which causes significant losses in crop production. An effective strategy to overcome this challenge is using mineral solubilizing bacteria, which can convert insoluble forms of minerals into soluble ones that plants can quickly assimilate, thus enhancing their availability in nutrient-depleted soils. The main objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize mineral solubilizing rhizobacteria and to assess their plant growth-promoting potential for Rhodes grass. Twenty-five rhizobacterial strains were isolated on a nutrient agar medium. They were characterized for solubilization of insoluble minerals (phosphate, potassium, zinc, and manganese), indole acetic acid production, enzymatic activities, and various morphological traits. The selected strains were also evaluated for their potential to promote the growth of Rhodes grass seedlings. Among tested strains, eight strains demonstrated strong qualitative and quantitative solubilization of insoluble phosphate. Strain MS2 reported the highest phosphate solubilization index, phosphate solubilization efficiency, available phosphorus concentration, and reduction in medium pH. Among tested strains, 75% were positive for zinc and manganese solubilization, and 37.5% were positive for potassium solubilization. Strain MS2 demonstrated the highest quantitative manganese solubilization, while strains MS7 and SM4 reported the highest solubilization of zinc and potassium through acidifying their respective media. The strain SM4 demonstrated the most increased IAA production in the presence and absence of L-tryptophan. The majority of strains were positive for various enzymes, including urease, catalase protease, and amylase activities. However, these strains were negative for coagulase activity except strains SM7 and MS7. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, six strains, namely, SM2, SM4, SM5, MS1, MS2, and MS4, were identified as Bacillus cereus, while strains SM7 and MS7 were identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. These strains significantly improved growth attributes of Rhodes grass, such as root length, shoot length, and root and shoot fresh and dry biomasses compared to the uninoculated control group. The present study highlights the significance of mineral solubilizing and enzyme-producing rhizobacterial strains as potential bioinoculants to enhance Rhodes grass growth under mineral-deficient conditions sustainably.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Javaid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saira Mushtaq
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Naqqash
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Maha Afzal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Mushtaq
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Ghulam Abbas
- Centre for Climate Research and Development, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Lingling Li
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nasuelli M, Novello G, Gamalero E, Massa N, Gorrasi S, Sudiro C, Hochart M, Altissimo A, Vuolo F, Bona E. PGPB and/or AM Fungi Consortia Affect Tomato Native Rhizosphere Microbiota. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1891. [PMID: 37630451 PMCID: PMC10458106 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomatoes are one of the most important crops worldwide and also play a central role in the human diet. Microbial consortia are microorganism associations, often employed as bioinoculants, that can interact with the native rhizosphere microbiota. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a bacterial-based biostimulant (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) (PSBA) in combination, or not, with a commercial inoculum Micomix (Rhizoglomus irregulare, Funnelliformis mosseae, Funnelliformis caledonium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus mucilaginosus) (MYC) on the native rhizosphere communities and on tomato production. The trial was carried out using Solanum lycopersicum in an open field as follows: control full NPK (CFD), control reduced NPK (CRD), MYC, PSBA, PSBA + MYC. Bacterial population in the different samples were characterized using a next generation sequencing approach. The bioinocula effect on the native rhizosphere microbiota resulted in significant variation both in alpha and beta diversity and in a specific signature associated with the presence of biostimulants, especially in the presence of co-inoculation (PSBA + MYC). In particular, the high initial biodiversity shifts in the community composition occurred and consisted in the increase in the abundance of genera correlated to the soil acidification and in an enhanced density of nitrogen-fixing microbes. The results also highlighted the well-known rhizosphere effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nasuelli
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica (DISSTE), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Giorgia Novello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Nadia Massa
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica (DISIT), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (E.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Susanna Gorrasi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ecologiche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi della Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Cristina Sudiro
- Landlab S.r.l., 36050 Quinto Vicentino, Italy; (C.S.); (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Marie Hochart
- Landlab S.r.l., 36050 Quinto Vicentino, Italy; (C.S.); (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Adriano Altissimo
- Landlab S.r.l., 36050 Quinto Vicentino, Italy; (C.S.); (M.H.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Elisa Bona
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica (DISSTE), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
- Center on Autoimmune and Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Masmoudi F, Alsafran M, Jabri HA, Hosseini H, Trigui M, Sayadi S, Tounsi S, Saadaoui I. Halobacteria-Based Biofertilizers: A Promising Alternative for Enhancing Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses-A Review. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1248. [PMID: 37317222 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic stresses such as salt stress and fungal infections significantly affect plant growth and productivity, leading to reduced crop yield. Traditional methods of managing stress factors, such as developing resistant varieties, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides, have shown limited success in the presence of combined biotic and abiotic stress factors. Halotolerant bacteria found in saline environments have potential as plant promoters under stressful conditions. These microorganisms produce bioactive molecules and plant growth regulators, making them a promising agent for enhancing soil fertility, improving plant resistance to adversities, and increasing crop production. This review highlights the capability of plant-growth-promoting halobacteria (PGPH) to stimulate plant growth in non-saline conditions, strengthen plant tolerance and resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, and sustain soil fertility. The major attempted points are: (i) the various abiotic and biotic challenges that limit agriculture sustainability and food safety, (ii) the mechanisms employed by PGPH to promote plant tolerance and resistance to both biotic and abiotic stressors, (iii) the important role played by PGPH in the recovery and remediation of agricultural affected soils, and (iv) the concerns and limitations of using PGHB as an innovative approach to boost crop production and food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Masmoudi
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Alsafran
- Central Laboratories Unit (CLU), Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Office of VP for Research and Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Hareb Al Jabri
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Hoda Hosseini
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Trigui
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development (LASED), Sfax Preparatory Engineering Institute, University of Sfax, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| | - Slim Tounsi
- Laboratory of Biopesticides (LBPES), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Imen Saadaoui
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Art and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Monika G, Melanie Kim SR, Kumar PS, Gayathri KV, Rangasamy G, Saravanan A. Biofortification: A long-term solution to improve global health- a review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137713. [PMID: 36596329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification is a revolutionary technique for improving plant nutrition and alleviating human micronutrient deficiency. Fertilizers can help increase crop yield and growth, but applying too much fertilizer can be a problem because it leads to the release of greenhouse gases and eutrophication. One of the major global hazards that affects more than two million people globally is the decreased availability of micronutrients in food crops, which results in micronutrient deficiencies or "hidden hunger" in people. Micronutrients, like macronutrients, perform a variety of roles in plant and human nutrition. This review has highlighted the importance of micronutrients as well as their advantages. The uneven distribution of micronutrients in geological areas is not the only factor responsible for micronutrient deficiencies, other parameters including soil moisture, temperature, texture of the soil, and soil pH significantly affects the micronutrient concentration and their availability in the soil. To overcome this, different biofortification approaches are assessed in the review in which microbes mediated, Agronomic approaches, Plant breeding, and transgenic approaches are discussed. Hidden hunger can result in risky health conditions and diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, neurological disorders, and many more. Microbes-mediated biofortification is a novel and promising solution for the bioavailability of nutrients to plants in order to address these problems. Biofortification is cost effective, feasible, and environmentally sustainable. Bio-fortified crops boost our immunity, which helps us to combat these deadly viruses. The studies we discussed in this review have demonstrated that they can aid in the alleviation of hidden hunger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Monika
- Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, India
| | - S Rhoda Melanie Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - K Veena Gayathri
- Department of Biotechnology, Stella Maris College (Autonomous), Chennai, India.
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - A Saravanan
- Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Insights into Genomic Evolution and the Potential Genetic Basis of Klebsiella variicola subsp. variicola ZH07 Reveal Its Potential for Plant Growth Promotion and Autotoxin Degradation. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0084622. [PMID: 36377943 PMCID: PMC9769570 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00846-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of autotoxins in soil causes continuous cropping obstacle stress in crops, and the bioremediation of autotoxins by microorganisms is an efficient process. In this study, strain ZH07 was isolated from the peanut rhizosphere and was found to be utilizing multiple autotoxins as its carbon sources. Based on its genomic characteristics and a phylogenetic analysis, ZH07 represents a member of Klebsiella variicola subsp. variicola. A comparative genomic analysis exhibited evolutionary dynamics exhibited by mobile genetic elements (MGEs), strain-specific genes, potential horizontal genes, and evolutionary constraints driven by purifying selection, which facilitated its genomic adaptation to rhizosphere soil. Genome mining revealed the potential genomic properties associated with plant growth promotion, such as nitrogen fixation, indole acetic acid synthesis, phosphonate solubilization and assimilation, siderophore production, and secondary metabolite synthesis. Moreover, abundant genes putatively responsible for the biodegradation of aromatic xenobiotics, including benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, phenylacetic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were also observed in the ZH07 genome. Compared to autotoxin stress alone, the combination of ZH07 application promoted peanut germination and seedling growth. Our analysis revealed the genetic adaptation of ZH07 to the rhizosphere environment and the potential genetic basis and effectiveness of the isolate to serve as a plant growth stimulator. IMPORTANCE Continuous cropping obstacles reduce the production and quality of agricultural products, and the application of rhizosphere beneficial microbes is an important strategy. Strain ZH07 showed autotoxin-degrading and plant growth-promoting capacities. The objectives of this study were to characterize its genomic evolution and the potential genetic basis of the autotoxin degradation and plant growth promotion. ZH07 represents a member of Klebsiella variicola subsp. variicola, based on genomic and phylogenetic analyses. Its genomic components have undergone different degrees of purifying selection, and the disparity in the evolutionary rate may be associated with its niche adaptation. A systematic analysis of the ZH07 genome identified the potential genetic basis that contributes to plant growth promotion and to aromatic xenobiotic biodegradation. This study demonstrates that plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play important roles in autotoxin biodegradation and can be used as biofertilizers to enhance the growth of peanuts in response to continuous cropping obstacle stress.
Collapse
|
9
|
Rafique E, Mumtaz MZ, Ullah I, Rehman A, Qureshi KA, Kamran M, Rehman MU, Jaremko M, Alenezi MA. Potential of mineral-solubilizing bacteria for physiology and growth promotion of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1004833. [PMID: 36299778 PMCID: PMC9589155 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1004833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient deficiency in wild plant species, including quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), can be overcome by applying mineral-solubilizing bacteria. Quinoa is a gluten-free, nutritious food crop with unique protein content. The present study aimed to characterize mineral-solubilizing rhizobacterial strains and to evaluate their plant growth-promoting potential in quinoa seedlings. More than sixty rhizobacterial strains were isolated from the quinoa rhizosphere and found eighteen strains to be strong phosphate solubilizers. Most of these bacterial strains showed zinc solubilization, and more than 80% of strains could solubilize manganese. The selected strains were identified as Bacillus altitudinis Cq-3, Pseudomonas flexibilis Cq-32, Bacillus pumilus Cq-35, Pseudomonas furukawaii Cq-40, Pontibacter lucknowensis Cq-48, and Ensifer sp. Cq-51 through 16S rRNA partial gene sequencing. Mainly, these strains showed the production of organic acids, including malic, gluconic, tartaric, ascorbic, lactic, and oxalic acids in insoluble phosphorus amended broth. All strains showed production of gluconic acids, while half of the strains could produce malic, ascorbic, lactic, and oxalic acids. These strains demonstrated the production of indole-3-acetic acid in the presence as well as in the absence of L-tryptophan. The bacterial strains also demonstrated their ability to promote growth and yield attributes, including shoot length, root length, leave numbers, root and shoot dry biomass, spike length, and spikes numbers of quinoa in pots and field trials. Increased physiological attributes, including relative humidity, quantum flux, diffusive resistance, and transpiration rate, were observed due to inoculation with mineral solubilizing bacterial strains under field conditions. P. lucknowensis Cq-48, followed by P. flexibilis Cq-32, and P. furukawaii Cq-40 showed promising results to promote growth, yield, and physiological attributes. The multi-traits characteristics and plant growth-promoting ability in the tested bacterial strains could provide an opportunity for formulating biofertilizers that could promote wild quinoa growth and physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ejaz Rafique
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Inam Ullah
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Kamal Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mujaddad Ur Rehman
- Department of Microbiology, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health Initiative (SHI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ganugi P, Fiorini A, Rocchetti G, Bonini P, Tabaglio V, Lucini L. A response surface methodology approach to improve nitrogen use efficiency in maize by an optimal mycorrhiza-to- Bacillus co-inoculation rate. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:956391. [PMID: 36035726 PMCID: PMC9404334 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.956391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and bacteria can synergically and potentially increase nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in plants, thus, reducing nitrogen (N) fertilizers use and their environmental impact. However, limited research is available on AMF-bacteria interaction, and the definition of synergisms or antagonistic effects is unexplored. In this study, we adopted a response surface methodology (RSM) to assess the optimal combination of AMF (Rhizoglomus irregulare and Funneliformis mosseae) and Bacillus megaterium (a PGPR-plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) formulations to maximize agronomical and chemical parameters linked to N utilization in maize (Zea mays L.). The fitted mathematical models, and also 3D response surface and contour plots, allowed us to determine the optimal AMF and bacterial doses, which are approximately accorded to 2.1 kg ha-1 of both formulations. These levels provided the maximum values of SPAD, aspartate, and glutamate. On the contrary, agronomic parameters were not affected, except for the nitrogen harvest index (NHI), which was slightly affected (p-value of < 0.10) and indicated a higher N accumulation in grain following inoculation with 4.1 and 0.1 kg ha-1 of AMF and B. megaterium, respectively. Nonetheless, the identification of the saddle points for asparagine and the tendency to differently allocate N when AMF or PGPR were used alone, pointed out the complexity of microorganism interaction and suggests the need for further investigations aimed at unraveling the mechanisms underlying this symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ganugi
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Fiorini
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department of Animal Science, Food and Nutrition, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Tabaglio
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Senanayake IC, Pem D, Rathnayaka AR, Wijesinghe SN, Tibpromma S, Wanasinghe DN, Phookamsak R, Kularathnage ND, Gomdola D, Harishchandra D, Dissanayake LS, Xiang MM, Ekanayaka AH, McKenzie EHC, Hyde KD, Zhang HX, Xie N. Predicting global numbers of teleomorphic ascomycetes. FUNGAL DIVERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-022-00498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSexual reproduction is the basic way to form high genetic diversity and it is beneficial in evolution and speciation of fungi. The global diversity of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota has not been estimated. This paper estimates the species number for sexual ascomycetes based on five different estimation approaches, viz. by numbers of described fungi, by fungus:substrate ratio, by ecological distribution, by meta-DNA barcoding or culture-independent studies and by previous estimates of species in Ascomycota. The assumptions were made with the currently most accepted, “2.2–3.8 million” species estimate and results of previous studies concluding that 90% of the described ascomycetes reproduce sexually. The Catalogue of Life, Species Fungorum and published research were used for data procurement. The average value of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota from all methods is 1.86 million, ranging from 1.37 to 2.56 million. However, only around 83,000 teleomorphic species have been described in Ascomycota and deposited in data repositories. The ratio between described teleomorphic ascomycetes to predicted teleomorphic ascomycetes is 1:22. Therefore, where are the undiscovered teleomorphic ascomycetes? The undescribed species are no doubt to be found in biodiversity hot spots, poorly-studied areas and species complexes. Other poorly studied niches include extremophiles, lichenicolous fungi, human pathogens, marine fungi, and fungicolous fungi. Undescribed species are present in unexamined collections in specimen repositories or incompletely described earlier species. Nomenclatural issues, such as the use of separate names for teleomorph and anamorphs, synonyms, conspecific names, illegitimate and invalid names also affect the number of described species. Interspecies introgression results in new species, while species numbers are reduced by extinctions.
Collapse
|
12
|
El Sheikha AF, Ray RC. Bioprocessing of Horticultural Wastes by Solid-State Fermentation into Value-Added/Innovative Bioproducts: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2004161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aly Farag El Sheikha
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
- Bioengineering and Technological Research Centre for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ramesh C. Ray
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (Regional Centre), Bhubaneswar, India
- Centre for Food Biology & Environment Studies, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Effect of Biofertilizer in Organic and Conventional Systems on Growth, Yield and Baking Quality of Hard Red Winter Wheat. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132413861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A two-year study (harvest years 2019 and 2020) was conducted to investigate the effect of a commercially available biofertilizer, in combination with variable nitrogen (N) rate, on bread baking quality and agronomic traits in hard winter wheat grown in conventional (CONV) and organic (ORG) farming systems in Kentucky, USA. The hard red winter wheat cultivar ‘Vision 45’ was used with three N rates (44, 89.6 and 134.5 kg/ha as Low, Med and High, respectively) and three biofertilizer spray regimes (no spray, one spray and two sprays). All traits measured were significantly affected by the agricultural production system (CONV or ORG) and N rate, although trends in their interactions were inconsistent between years. In Y2, yield was greatest in treatments with high N rates and in the ORG system. Biofertilizer treatments had a negative to neutral effect on grain yield. Baking quality traits such as protein content, lactic acid solvent retention capacity and sedimentation value (SV) were consistently greater in the CONV system and increased with the higher N application rates. Similarly, biofertilizer application had no effect on predictive baking quality traits, except for SV in year 1 of the study, where it increased with two sprays. Loaf volume was consistently greater from wheat grown in CONV treatments. From these results, we conclude that further research is warranted to evaluate the potential for biofertilizers to enhance N uptake and affect bread baking quality or other end-use traits. Additional research may be especially useful in organic production systems where biologically based N fertilizers are utilized, and treatments were not negatively affected by biofertilizer applications. Such strategies may be needed to increase protein quantity and gluten quality to optimize winter wheat production for bread baking qualities in the southeastern USA.
Collapse
|
14
|
Ali BM, Ang F, van der Fels-Klerx HJ. Consumer willingness to pay for plant-based foods produced using microbial applications to replace synthetic chemical inputs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260488. [PMID: 34874958 PMCID: PMC8651115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of consumer preferences and willingness-to-pay (WTP) for sustainable foods produced using new agri-food technologies is required to enhance the uptake of innovations that accelerate the transition towards sustainable food systems. Consumers' willingness to buy new food products, with no or limited consumption experience, mainly depends on their food choice motivational orientations (promotion- vs prevention-orientation). The objective of this study was to elicit consumers' WTP for foods that are produced with microbial applications during the plant production phase with the aim to reduce the use of synthetic chemicals in crop farming, as well as to understand the associations of food choice motives, personal and socio-demographic factors with the WTP. We used contingent valuation to elicit consumers' WTP for three food products (wheat bread, consumer potatoes and tomato sauce) through online surveys. Data were collected from 291 consumers, primarily from Italy, Germany and the Netherlands. Descriptive statistics, latent variable modelling and logistic regression were used to analysis data. Results show that more than two-third of the respondents are willing to pay premiums of at least 0.11 euro per kg of food products for reductions in synthetic chemical use by at least 50% due to microbial applications. The amount of WTP increases with the level of reductions in synthetic chemical use. The majority of the respondents are promotion-oriented consumers in relation to their food involvement, and are more likely to pay premiums for the sustainably produced food products. Environmentally concerned consumers are also more likely to pay premiums, whereas health concerned consumers are not. This study contributes to understanding of consumers' attitude and perceived health risks towards foods obtained using microbial applications, and the heterogeneity of their preferences. Results provide insights for identifying potential buyers of foods produced using microbial applications, and to set prices according to the levels of consumers' WTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beshir M. Ali
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frederic Ang
- Business Economics Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kumar M, Giri VP, Pandey S, Gupta A, Patel MK, Bajpai AB, Jenkins S, Siddique KHM. Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Emerging as an Effective Bioinoculant to Improve the Growth, Production, and Stress Tolerance of Vegetable Crops. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212245. [PMID: 34830124 PMCID: PMC8622033 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable cultivation is a promising economic activity, and vegetable consumption is important for human health due to the high nutritional content of vegetables. Vegetables are rich in vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and several phytochemical compounds. However, the production of vegetables is insufficient to meet the demand of the ever-increasing population. Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) facilitate the growth and production of vegetable crops by acquiring nutrients, producing phytohormones, and protecting them from various detrimental effects. In this review, we highlight well-developed and cutting-edge findings focusing on the role of a PGPR-based bioinoculant formulation in enhancing vegetable crop production. We also discuss the role of PGPR in promoting vegetable crop growth and resisting the adverse effects arising from various abiotic (drought, salinity, heat, heavy metals) and biotic (fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and insect pests) stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (K.H.M.S.)
| | - Ved Prakash Giri
- Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India;
| | - Shipra Pandey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay 400076, India;
| | - Anmol Gupta
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India;
| | - Manish Kumar Patel
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel;
| | | | - Sasha Jenkins
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia;
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture and UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia;
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (K.H.M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Manfredini A, Malusà E, Costa C, Pallottino F, Mocali S, Pinzari F, Canfora L. Current Methods, Common Practices, and Perspectives in Tracking and Monitoring Bioinoculants in Soil. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:698491. [PMID: 34531836 PMCID: PMC8438429 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.698491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms promised to lead the bio-based revolution for a more sustainable agriculture. Beneficial microorganisms could be a valid alternative to the use of chemical fertilizers or pesticides. However, the increasing use of microbial inoculants is also raising several questions about their efficacy and their effects on the autochthonous soil microorganisms. There are two major issues on the application of bioinoculants to soil: (i) their detection in soil, and the analysis of their persistence and fate; (ii) the monitoring of the impact of the introduced bioinoculant on native soil microbial communities. This review explores the strategies and methods that can be applied to the detection of microbial inoculants and to soil monitoring. The discussion includes a comprehensive critical assessment of the available tools, based on morpho-phenological, molecular, and microscopic analyses. The prospects for future development of protocols for regulatory or commercial purposes are also discussed, underlining the need for a multi-method (polyphasic) approach to ensure the necessary level of discrimination required to track and monitor bioinoculants in soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Manfredini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Rome, Italy
| | - Eligio Malusà
- National Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, Conegliano, Italy
| | - Corrado Costa
- Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of the Agricultural Economy, Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Federico Pallottino
- Council for Agricultural Research and Analysis of the Agricultural Economy, Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Stefano Mocali
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Pinzari
- Institute for Biological Systems, Council of National Research of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy
- Life Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
| | - Loredana Canfora
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Improvement of Soil Microbial Diversity through Sustainable Agricultural Practices and Its Evaluation by -Omics Approaches: A Perspective for the Environment, Food Quality and Human Safety. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071400. [PMID: 34203506 PMCID: PMC8308033 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil is one of the key elements for supporting life on Earth. It delivers multiple ecosystem services, which are provided by soil processes and functions performed by soil biodiversity. In particular, soil microbiome is one of the fundamental components in the sustainment of plant biomass production and plant health. Both targeted and untargeted management of soil microbial communities appear to be promising in the sustainable improvement of food crop yield, its nutritional quality and safety. –Omics approaches, which allow the assessment of microbial phylogenetic diversity and functional information, have increasingly been used in recent years to study changes in soil microbial diversity caused by agronomic practices and environmental factors. The application of these high-throughput technologies to the study of soil microbial diversity, plant health and the quality of derived raw materials will help strengthen the link between soil well-being, food quality, food safety and human health.
Collapse
|
18
|
Moradzadeh S, Siavash Moghaddam S, Rahimi A, Pourakbar L, Sayyed RZ. Combined bio-chemical fertilizers ameliorate agro-biochemical attributes of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.). Sci Rep 2021; 11:11399. [PMID: 34059724 PMCID: PMC8166860 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90731-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nigella sativa L. is a medicinal plant with extensive, nutritional, pharmaceutical, and health applications. Nowadays, reducing the application of chemical fertilizers (synthetic fertilizers) is one of the main goals of sustainable agriculture to allow the production of safe crops. Therefore, the combined effect of urea and biofertilizers was studied on the quantitative and qualitative traits of N. sativa L. in a randomized complete block design with 10 treatments and three replications. The treatments included control (no fertilization), U (100% chemical fertilizer as urea at 53.3 kg ha-1, Nb (Biofertilizer, Azotobacter vinelandii), Pb (Biofertilizer, Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas putida), Kb (Biofertilizer, Bacillus spp.), NPKb (NPK, biofertilizer), Nb + 50% U, Pb + 50% U, Kb + 50%U and NPKb + 50% U. The NPK(b) + U50% was related to the highest quantity of plant height, branch diameter, capsule (follicle) number per plant, auxiliary branches, seed yield per plant, thousand-seed weight, essential oil content, total phenolic compounds, flavonoid content, DPPH free radical scavenging, nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, chain-breaking activity, phosphorus content, and potassium content, along with U for the highest biological yield and (Pb) + U50% for the highest essential oil percentage which is close to (NPKb) + U50%. The lowest value was observed in all traits related to the control treatment except for branch diameter that was related to (NPKb). Hence, the application of (NPKb) + U50% as bio-chemical fertilizers improved N. sativa L. Traits, so it can be recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Moradzadeh
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Sina Siavash Moghaddam
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Amir Rahimi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Latifeh Pourakbar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's Arts, Science, and Commerce College, Shahada, Maharashtra, 425409, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Koskey G, Mburu SW, Awino R, Njeru EM, Maingi JM. Potential Use of Beneficial Microorganisms for Soil Amelioration, Phytopathogen Biocontrol, and Sustainable Crop Production in Smallholder Agroecosystems. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.606308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Smallholder agroecosystems play a key role in the world's food security providing more than 50% of the food produced globally. These unique agroecosystems face a myriad of challenges and remain largely unsupported, yet they are thought to be a critical resource for feeding the projected increasing human population in the coming years. The new challenge to increase food production through agricultural intensification in shrinking per capita arable lands, dwindling world economies, and unpredictable climate change, has led to over-dependence on agrochemical inputs that are often costly and hazardous to both human and animal health and the environment. To ensure healthy crop production approaches, the search for alternative ecofriendly strategies that best fit to the smallholder systems have been proposed. The most common and widely accepted solution that has gained a lot of interest among researchers and smallholder farmers is the use of biological agents; mainly plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) that provide essential agroecosystem services within a holistic vision of enhancing farm productivity and environmental protection. PGPMs play critical roles in agroecological cycles fundamental for soil nutrient amelioration, crop nutrient improvement, plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, biocontrol of pests and diseases, and water uptake. This review explores different research strategies involving the use of beneficial microorganisms, within the unique context of smallholder agroecosystems, to promote sustainable maintenance of plant and soil health and enhance agroecosystem resilience against unpredictable climatic perturbations.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hajnal-Jafari T, Seman V, Stamenov D, Đurić S. Effect of Chlorella vulgaris on Growth and Photosynthetic Pigment Content in Swiss Chard ( Beta vulgaris L. subsp. cicla). Pol J Microbiol 2021; 69:1-4. [PMID: 32468805 PMCID: PMC7324853 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2020-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae application in agriculture is an alternative measure that could be highly beneficial to plants. The application of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris S45 and its effect on plant growth and pigment content in Swiss chard were investigated. In the treatments, 5% and 10% algal suspensions were applied by spraying on plants and in soil, respectively. C. vulgaris S45 affected the initial growth of Swiss chard and the content of photosynthetic pigments positively. The correlation analysis proved the existence of statistically significant interdependency between chlorophyll a (Chl a) content and leaf number (r = 0.876 at p < 0.05), and chlorophyll b (Chl b) content and fresh leaf weight (r = 0.783 at p < 0.05). Microalgae application in agriculture is an alternative measure that could be highly beneficial to plants. The application of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris S45 and its effect on plant growth and pigment content in Swiss chard were investigated. In the treatments, 5% and 10% algal suspensions were applied by spraying on plants and in soil, respectively. C. vulgaris S45 affected the initial growth of Swiss chard and the content of photosynthetic pigments positively. The correlation analysis proved the existence of statistically significant interdependency between chlorophyll a (Chl a) content and leaf number (r = 0.876 at p < 0.05), and chlorophyll b (Chl b) content and fresh leaf weight (r = 0.783 at p < 0.05).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timea Hajnal-Jafari
- Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - Vladimira Seman
- Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - Dragana Stamenov
- Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - Simonida Đurić
- Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Romano I, Ventorino V, Ambrosino P, Testa A, Chouyia FE, Pepe O. Development and Application of Low-Cost and Eco-Sustainable Bio-Stimulant Containing a New Plant Growth-Promoting Strain Kosakonia pseudosacchari TL13. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2044. [PMID: 33013749 PMCID: PMC7461993 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of beneficial microbes as inoculants able to improve fitness, growth and health of plants also in stress conditions is an attractive low-cost and eco-friendly alternative strategy to harmful chemical inputs. Thirteen potential plant growth-promoting bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat plants cultivated under drought stress and nitrogen deficiency. Among these, the two isolates TL8 and TL13 showed multiple plant growth promotion activities as production of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, ammonia, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase production, the ability to solubilize phosphate as well as exerted antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens as Botrytis spp. and Phytophthora spp. The two selected strains were identified as Kosakonia pseudosacchari by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. They resulted also tolerant to abiotic stress and were able to efficiently colonize plant roots as observed in vitro assay under fluorescence microscope. Based on the best PGP properties, the strain K. pseudosacchari TL13 was selected to develop a new microbial based formulate. A sustainable and environmentally friendly process for inoculant production was developed using agro-industrial by-products for microbial growth. Moreover, the application of K. pseudosacchari TL13- based formulates in pot experiment improved growth performance of maize plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventorino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ambrosino
- Agriges S.r.l. - Nutrizione Speciale per L'Agricoltura Biologica e Integrata, San Salvatore Telesino, Italy
| | - Antonino Testa
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Fatima Ezzahra Chouyia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Olimpia Pepe
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Productivity and quality of horticultural crops through co-inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting bacteria. Microbiol Res 2020; 239:126569. [PMID: 32771873 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2020.126569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Associations between plants and microorganisms exist in nature, and they can either be beneficial or detrimental to host plants. Promoting beneficial plant-microbe interaction for increased crop yield and quality is one pathway to eco-friendly and sustainable crop production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) are microorganisms that are beneficial to horticultural crops. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi establish symbioses with plant roots which help to improve nutrient uptake by the host plant and alter its physiology to withstand external abiotic factors and pathogens. Plant growth promoting bacteria promote plant growth either directly by aiding resource acquisition and controlling the levels of plant hormones or indirectly by reducing the inhibitory effects of phytopathogens. Co-inoculation of both organisms combines the benefits of each for increased crop productivity. Even though the co-inoculation of PGPB and AMF have been shown to enhance the yield and quality of crops, its benefits have fully not been exploited for horticultural crops. In this review, the response of horticultural crops to co-inoculation with PGPB and AMF with particular interest to the impact on the yield and crop quality was discussed. We explained some of the mechanisms responsible for the synergy between AMF and PGPB in plant growth promotion. Finally, suggestions on areas that need to be researched further to exploit and improve the effects of these organisms were highlighted.
Collapse
|
23
|
Agrimonti C, Lauro M, Visioli G. Smart agriculture for food quality: facing climate change in the 21st century. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:971-981. [PMID: 32270688 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1749555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Climate change, with increasing temperatures and atmospheric carbon dioxide levels, constitutes a severe threat to the environment and all living organisms. In particular, numerous studies suggest severe consequences for the health of crop plants, affecting both the productivity and quality of raw material destined to the food industry. Of particular concern is the reduction of proteins and essential micronutrients as iron and zinc in crops. Fighting this alarming trends is the challenge of Climate-Smart Agriculture with the double goal of reducing environmental impacts (use of pesticides, nitrogen and phosphorus leaching, soil erosion, water depletion and contamination) and improving raw material and consequently food quality. Organic farming, biofertilizers and to a lesser extent nano-carriers, improve the antioxidant properties of fruits, but the data about proteins and micronutrients are rather contradictory. On the other hand, advanced devices and Precision Agriculture allow the cultivations to be more profitable, efficient, contributing more and more to reduce pest diseases and to increase the quality of agricultural products and food safety. Thus, nowadays adoption of technologies applied to sustainable farming systems is a challenging and dynamic issue for facing negative trends due to environmental impacts and climate changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Agrimonti
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marta Lauro
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Visioli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Romano I, Ventorino V, Pepe O. Effectiveness of Plant Beneficial Microbes: Overview of the Methodological Approaches for the Assessment of Root Colonization and Persistence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:6. [PMID: 32076431 PMCID: PMC7006617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Issues concerning the use of harmful chemical fertilizers and pesticides that have large negative impacts on environmental and human health have generated increasing interest in the use of beneficial microorganisms for the development of sustainable agri-food systems. A successful microbial inoculant has to colonize the root system, establish a positive interaction and persist in the environment in competition with native microorganisms living in the soil through rhizocompetence traits. Currently, several approaches based on culture-dependent, microscopic and molecular methods have been developed to follow bioinoculants in the soil and plant surface over time. Although culture-dependent methods are commonly used to estimate the persistence of bioinoculants, it is difficult to differentiate inoculated organisms from native populations based on morphological characteristics. Therefore, these methods should be used complementary to culture-independent approaches. Microscopy-based techniques (bright-field, electron and fluorescence microscopy) allow to obtain a picture of microbial colonization outside and inside plant tissues also at high resolution, but it is not possible to always distinguish living cells from dead cells by direct observation as well as distinguish bioinoculants from indigenous microbial populations living in soils. In addition, the development of metagenomic techniques, including the use of DNA probes, PCR-based methods, next-generation sequencing, whole-genome sequencing and pangenome methods, provides a complementary approach useful to understand plant-soil-microbe interactions. However, to ensure good results in microbiological analysis, the first fundamental prerequisite is correct soil sampling and sample preparation for the different methodological approaches that will be assayed. Here, we provide an overview of the advantages and limitations of the currently used methods and new methodological approaches that could be developed to assess the presence, plant colonization and soil persistence of bioinoculants in the rhizosphere. We further discuss the possibility of integrating multidisciplinary approaches to examine the variations in microbial communities after inoculation and to track the inoculated microbial strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ida Romano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Ventorino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Valeria Ventorino,
| | - Olimpia Pepe
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Moreira-Grez B, Muñoz-Rojas M, Kariman K, Storer P, O’Donnell AG, Kumaresan D, Whiteley AS. Reconditioning Degraded Mine Site Soils With Exogenous Soil Microbes: Plant Fitness and Soil Microbiome Outcomes. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1617. [PMID: 31354694 PMCID: PMC6636552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mining of mineral resources substantially alters both the above and below-ground soil ecosystem, which then requires rehabilitation back to a pre-mining state. For belowground rehabilitation, recovery of the soil microbiome to a state which can support key biogeochemical cycles, and effective plant colonization is usually required. One solution proposed has been to translate microbial inocula from agricultural systems to mine rehabilitation scenarios, as a means of reconditioning the soil microbiome for planting. Here, we experimentally determine both the aboveground plant fitness outcomes and belowground soil microbiome effects of a commercially available soil microbial inocula (SMI). We analyzed treatment effects at four levels of complexity; no SMI addition control, Nitrogen addition alone, SMI addition and SMI plus Nitrogen addition over a 12-week period. Our culture independent analyses indicated that SMIs had a differential response over the 12-week incubation period, where only a small number of the consortium members persisted in the semi-arid ecosystem, and generated variable plant fitness responses, likely due to plant-microbiome physiological mismatching and low survival rates of many of the SMI constituents. We suggest that new developments in custom-made SMIs to increase rehabilitation success in mine site restoration are required, primarily based upon the need for SMIs to be ecologically adapted to both the prevailing edaphic conditions and a wide range of plant species likely to be encountered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Moreira-Grez
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Miriam Muñoz-Rojas
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Kings Park Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Khalil Kariman
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Storer
- Troforte Innovations Pty Ltd., Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Deepak Kumaresan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. Whiteley
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
El Mujtar V, Muñoz N, Prack Mc Cormick B, Pulleman M, Tittonell P. Role and management of soil biodiversity for food security and nutrition; where do we stand? GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY-AGRICULTURE POLICY ECONOMICS AND ENVIRONMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gfs.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
27
|
Huang JF, Zhang DF, Leng B, Lin ZC, Pan YT. Response surface optimization of conditions for culturing Azotobacter chroococcum in Agaricus bisporus industrial wastewater. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2019; 65:163-172. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-fu Huang
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology College, Minnan Normal University
| | - Dan-feng Zhang
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology College, Minnan Normal University
| | - Bo Leng
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology College, Minnan Normal University
| | - Zhi-chao Lin
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology College, Minnan Normal University
| | - Yu-tian Pan
- Engineering Technological Center of Mushroom Industry, Minnan Normal University
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology College, Minnan Normal University
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Alori ET, Babalola OO. Microbial Inoculants for Improving Crop Quality and Human Health in Africa. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2213. [PMID: 30283427 PMCID: PMC6156547 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current agricultural practices depend heavily on chemical inputs (such as fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc.) which, all things being equal cause a deleterious effect on the nutritional value of farm product and health of farm workers and consumers. Excessive and indiscriminate use of these chemicals have resulted in food contamination, weed and disease resistance and negative environmental outcomes which together have a significant impact on human health. Application of these chemical inputs promotes the accumulation of toxic compounds in soils. Chemical compounds are absorbed by most crops from soil. Several synthetic fertilizers contain acid radicals, such as hydrochloride and sulfuric radicals, and hence increase the soil acidity and adversely affect soil and plant health. Highly recalcitrant compounds can also be absorbed by some plants. Continuous consumption of such crops can lead to systematic disorders in humans. Quite a number of pesticides and herbicides have carcinogenicity potential. The increasing awareness of health challenges as a result of consumption of poor quality crops has led to a quest for new and improved technologies of improving both the quantity and quality of crop without jeopardizing human health. A reliable alternative to the use of chemical inputs is microbial inoculants that can act as biofertilizers, bioherbicide, biopesticides, and biocontrol agents. Microorganisms are able to carry out the plant growth promotion, pest and disease and weed control. Microbial inoculants are beneficiary microorganisms applied to either the soil or the plant in order to improve productivity and crop health. Microbial inoculants are natural-based products being widely used to control pests and improve the quality of the soil and crop, and hence human health. Microbial inoculants involve a blend of microorganisms that work with the soil and the soil life to improve soil fertility and health and by extension improve human health. Microbial inoculants have the ability to minimize the negative impact of chemical input and consequently increase the quantity and quality of farm produce. Microbial inoculants are environmental-friendly and deliver plant nutrients to plants in a more sustainable manner. Microbial inoculants can help reduce chemical fertilizer application. Microbial inoculants could include bacteria, fungi and algae. This research summarizes the impact of agricultural chemical inputs on human health. The contribution of microbial inoculants in sustainable maintenance of human health will be expatiated. Advances in microbial inoculants and technology and strategies to explore this natural, user friendly biological resource for sustainable maintenance of plant health will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olubukola Oluranti Babalola
- Food Security and Safety Niche Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mahikeng, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Huang J, Ou Y, Zhang D, Zhang G, Pan Y. Optimization of the culture condition of Bacillus mucilaginous using Agaricus bisporus industrial wastewater by Plackett-Burman combined with Box-Behnken response surface method. AMB Express 2018; 8:141. [PMID: 30171356 PMCID: PMC6119174 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-018-0671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, conditions for Bacillus mucilaginous fermentation using Agaricus bisporus wastewater as culture medium were optimized. We analyzed the total number of living B. mucilaginous in the fermentation broth using multispectral imaging flow cytometry. Single-factor experiments were carried out, where a Plackett–Burman design was used to screen out three factors from the original six factors of processing wastewater solubility, initial pH, inoculum size, liquid volume, culture temperature, and rotation speed that affected the total number of viable B. mucilaginous. The Box–Behnken response surface method was used to optimize interactions between the three main factors and predict optimal fermentation conditions. Factors significantly affecting the total number of viable B. mucilaginous, including shaking speed, culturing temperature, and initial pH, were investigated. The optimum conditions for B. mucilaginous fermentation in A. bisporus wastewater were a rotational speed of 195 rpm, culture temperature of 29 °C, initial pH of 6.5, solubility of 0.5%, 8% inoculation volume, and 90 mL liquid volume in a 250 mL flask, culture time of 48 h. Under these conditions, the concentration of total viable bacteria reached 2.16 ± 0.02 × 108 Obj/mL, which meets the national standard. A. bisporus wastewater can be used for the cultivation of B. mucilaginous.
Collapse
|