Prevalence and risk factors of low back pain among operation room staff at a Tertiary Care Center, Makkah, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Toxic effects of fenvalerate in tadpoles of Fejervarya limnocharis: a multiparametric study

Pyrethroids are among the most widely used insecticides. Fenvalerate (FEN), a synthetic pyrethroid, is frequently used in domestic and agricultural settings to control insects which ultimately find its way into the aquatic ecosystems. The larval stages of amphibians, which are experiencing a rapid population decline, are spent in aquatic habitats, thus making them vulnerable to FEN exposure. The potential toxic effects of pyrethoids in general and FEN in particular are not well understood. The present study was carried out to assess the toxicity of FEN in tadpoles of Fejervarya limnocharis. FEN at different concentrations (0, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 mg/L) induced substantial lethal effects. The estimated LC50 values were 8.54, 6.73, 5.44, and 4.44 mg/L at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h respectively. Exposure to environmentally relevant sub-lethal concentrations delayed metamorphosis and reduced survivality. FEN was found to be genotoxic in erythrocyte micronucleus and comet assay. Further, sub-lethal concentrations of FEN adversely affected the antioxidant defense mechanism of the exposed individuals with parallel increase oxidative damage to membrane lipids. The swimming behavior in the form of startle response, swirl response, and total movements was decreased with a concomitant decrease in AChE activity. In addition, FEN exhibited significant cardiotoxicity by decreasing the cardiac rate of the exposed individuals. The present findings clearly indicate that FEN can cause significant toxicity to the tadpoles of F. limnocharis affecting their survival and fitness in the natural environment.

Telecommuting during the COVID-19: the role of job demand and control on health outcomes

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic drastically modified the occupational system wherein telecommuting has risen as the major form of work. Few studies have incorporated Karasek's job demand-control (JDC) model into explaining the health effects of telecommuting. This study aimed to investigate the health risk in South Korean telecommuters during the pandemic, and its distribution according to the job stress-related factors.

Methods

A nationwide population-based cross-sectional study of South Korean laborers was conducted, utilizing the 6th Korean Working Conditions Survey (2020-2021). Following the previously described concept of telecommuting, 14,478 white-collar employees were eligible study participants. Telecommuting, job demand, job control, and various health indicators were measured by the responses to the survey. Participants were stratified into 4 job profiles classified by the JDC model. We conducted multiple logistic regression analyses between telecommuting and health-related outcomes to estimate the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

One hundred forty-six low-strain, 223 active, 69 passive, and 148 high-strain workers were screened as telecommuters. Compared to office workers, telecommuters had a higher proportion in high job control groups. Subgroup analysis demonstrated different relationships between telecommuting and health, where only active telecommuters showed a higher prevalence of depression (OR: 1.980, 95% CI: 1.126-3.481), and high-strain telecommuters were affected in most outcomes including insomnia (OR: 2.555, 95% CI: 1.473-4.433), musculoskeletal pain (OR: 2.786, 95% CI: 1.719-4.517), headache/eye strain (OR: 3.074, 95% CI: 1.992-4.745) and presenteeism (OR: 1.932, 95% CI: 1.193-3.131).

Conclusions

This study revealed significantly increased odds of multiple health outcomes among South Korean telecommuters during the COVID-19 pandemic era. High-strain job holders were prominently susceptible to the negative health impacts of telecommuting. Occupational health management towards telecommuters should approach mitigating high job demand and low job control.

Knowledge of Back Pain and Spinal Disorders Among the General Population in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia

Introduction  Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common global health problems and the second most common reason for seeking medical advice. However, most LBP does not indicate a serious disorder. Over half of the Saudi Arabian population experiences LBP at least once in their lives. Therefore, it is important to assess and understand how people manage this health problem. This study assessed back pain and spinal disorder knowledge among the general population in Saudi Arabia's western region. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of the general population in western Saudi Arabia. The data were collected using an online, self-administered, Arabic version of the validated questionnaire about LBP. A statistical analysis of the collected data was performed using a software program. Results A total of 754 eligible participants completed the questionnaire. Less than half of the participants could correctly define acute and chronic LBP and sciatica. Only 19.2% of participants were aware that medical history and clinical examinations are used to diagnose LBP. Young participants, university graduates, and unmarried participants had good LBP knowledge. Conclusion This study showed that the general population of Saudi Arabia in the Western region needs more knowledge about the definitions of acute and chronic LBP. However, they had fair knowledge about the aggravating factors and triggers of LBP. Young participants had better knowledge about LBP. Awareness campaigns with brochures and flyers can be used to increase the population's knowledge.

Efficacy of an Omaha system-based remote ergonomic intervention program on self-reported work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) - A randomized controlled study

Purpose

Heavy biomechanical loadings at workplaces may lead to high risks of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of an Omaha System-based remote ergonomic intervention program on self-reported work-related musculoskeletal disorders among frontline nurses.

Materials and methods

From July to October 2020, 94 nurses with self-reported pain in one of the three body parts, i.e., neck, shoulder, and low back, were selected and were randomly divided into two groups. The intervention group received a newly developed remote program, where the control group received general information and guidance on health and life. Program outcome was evaluated by a quick exposure check approach.

Results

After 6 weeks, the intervention group exhibited significantly less stress in the low back, neck, and shoulder/forearms, compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the occurrence of awkward postures, such as extreme trunk flexion or twisting, was also significantly reduced (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The newly developed Omaha System-based remote intervention program may be a valid alternative to traditional programs for frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, reducing biomechanical loadings and awkward postures during daily nursing operations.

Work-related musculoskeletal complaints and ergonomic risk factors among Egyptian anesthesiologists: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

Anesthesiologists are vulnerable to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) due to sustained repetitive movements and awkward postures. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of WMSDs among anesthesiologists and to evaluate its association with ergonomic risk factors.

METHODS

A convenience sample of 380 Egyptian anesthesiologists were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study through an electronic questionnaire. Data were collected from May to August 2022 and involved questions about participants' demographic, health, and work-related characteristics; the ergonomic risks and perceived hazards; and the musculoskeletal complaints during the past 12 months and 7 days - using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate statistical analyses were used to estimate the prevalence of MSD and identify its determinants in the studied sample.

RESULTS

A total of 215 anesthesiologists were included in this study, with a 56.8% response rate, 66% males with an average age of 38 (± 0.7) years. 21% were resident physicians, 47% were specialists, and 32% were consultants. The 12-month prevalence of MSD among anesthesiologists was 71.6% (95% CI: 65.6- 77.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that the main determinants of MSD among the studied sample were age of 45-years and older (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.21-8.52, p = 0.018), regular physical exercise (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10-0.65, p = 0.005), insufficient rest time between procedures (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.15-4.41, p = 0.018), and three or more awkward postures of the trunk (OR: 3.55, 95% CI: 1.43-8.82, p = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONS

The study highlights a high prevalence of WMSDs among Egyptian anesthesiologists, linked to advancing age, lack of regular exercise, insufficient rest between procedures, and frequent awkward postures. Addressing these ergonomic risk factors through targeted workplace interventions is crucial for promoting the overall well-being of anesthesiologists and ensuring the provision of safe anesthesia services.

Musculoskeletal disorders among dental assistants: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND

This study aims to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and associated sociodemographic and work-related factors among dental assistants (DAs) in the hail province, Saudi Arabia.

METHODS

Participants were 119 DAs with an average age of 28.9 years (SD ± 4.8 years), of whom 86.6% were females. A self-administered questionnaire which included Nordic Musculoskeletal questionnaire and questions on socio-demographic and work-related factors was used. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the prevalence of MSDs during the past 12 months and 7 days. Multivariate binary logistic regression statistical tests were used to calculate the association between MSDs and socio-demographic and work-related factors.

RESULTS

The overall prevalence of MSDs among DAs was significantly high, with 85.7% reporting symptoms during the past 12 months and 47.9% during the past 7 days. The shoulders, followed by the lower back, were the most common complaints among participants in the past 12 months and 7 days, followed by the upper back and neck. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis results show significant associations between MSDs and age, Body-Mass-Index (BMI), physical demands during working hours, work environment and posture awareness, and years of experience.

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of MSDs among DAs is high, and sociodemographic and work-related factors play an important role in exacerbation of MSDs in DAs.

Low Back Pain and Its Risk Factors Among Nurses Working in East Bale, Bale, and West Arsi Zone Government Hospitals, Oromia Region, South East Ethiopia, 2021 -Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Background

Hospital nursing staff are particularly susceptible to low back pain (LBP) a widespread health issue worldwide. There was little available data on the prevalence of LBP and risk factors related to it in this population.

Objective

Assessed the prevalence of LBP and risk factors in nurses working in South-East Ethiopia's Oromia region in the East Bale, Bale, and West Arsi zone government hospitals.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was carried out within an institution in the East Bale, Bale, and West Arsi zone government hospitals; 440 nurses were chosen to use a process of systematic random sampling, and data was gathered between June 1 and July 30, 2021. Using pre-designed questionnaires, I interrogated participants. After being verified as complete, the gathered data was entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Bi variate and multivariate logistic regressions with 95% confidence intervals and crude and adjusted odd ratios were generated and interpreted as necessary. To deem a result statistically significant, a p-value of 0.05 or lower was required.

Results

A total of 427 nurses engaged in the interview out of the 440 participants that wanted to take part in the study, yielding a response rate of 97.1%. Low back pain was 42.6% more common over a year [95% CI: (0.384, 0.476)]. According to the multivariate analysis, females [AOR = 1.791; 95% CI: (1.121, 2.861)], age higher than forty [AOR=2.388, 95% CI: (1.315, 4.337)], age grouped 31-40 years [(AOR=2.064, 95% CI: 1.233, 3.455)], divorced [(AOR=10.288, 95% CI: (3.063, 34.553)], married [(AOR=1.676 (1.675, 16.999)].

Conclusion

The study suggests that implementing preventive measures and offering ergonomic training can help reduce LBP among nurses in these hospitals.

The prevalence and associated factors of lower back pain among surgeons in Makkah Region, Saudi Arabia

Background

Lower back pain (LBP) is the most common form of musculoskeletal disorder and a crucial occupational issue among healthcare professionals that peaks among surgeons. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence and the characteristics and identify associated risk factors among surgeons in the Makkah region, Saudi Arabia.

Methods

This study used a cross-sectional method among surgeons in the Makkah region of Saudi Arabia. Data were randomly collected using a self-administered questionnaire divided into demographic, individual, and occupational characteristics and prevalence data from different hospitals and cities. The subjects of the study were 208 surgeons working in different specialties.

Results

Thirty-eight percent of surgeons were found to have back pain. The highest prevalence was found among general surgeons, followed by gynecologists. Surgeons with a longer mean duration of work experience had a significantly higher percentage of back pain sufferers. The presence of back pain, on the other hand, did not appear to be related to the surgeon's gender, dominant hand, specialty, or other work conditions. LBP was widespread in surgeons with higher work experience, a stable job position, older age, a higher body mass index (BMI), chronic conditions, who did not exercise, and who were not athletes.

Conclusions

General surgeons have the highest prevalence, according to the results of this study. Appropriate measures should be adopted to avoid this occupational health issue. We emphasize the importance of performing a periodic examination and follow-up on the health status of surgeons' spines and providing educational information about LBP and the best ways to avoid it. We advocate an ergonomic examination of workplace conditions and regular counseling sessions to encourage people to use their backs more properly with correct posture.

The Prevalence and Impact of Low Back Pain Among Anaesthesia Care Providers in South-South, Nigeria

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder, that significantly impedes productivity. This study aims to ascertain the risk factors responsible for developing low back pain and the impact on personal workplace service delivery among Anesthetist's practicing in Rivers and Bayelsa States of Nigeria.

Methodology

A cross-sectional survey was conducted, A self-administered questionnaire reflecting the modified Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used to detect the risk factors and assess the severity and impact of low back pain on this group of professionals. The prevalence of low back pain was calculated and described by using frequency tables. A multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with the prevalence of low back pain. Significance was considered at p<0.05 with a 95% confidence interval.

Results

A total of 65 anesthetist's responded, giving a response rate of 90%. There were more males (52.3%) than females (47.7%). The majority (69.2%) of those who responded had low back pain, more in females (53.3%) compared to males (46.7%) although not significant. (P=0.994); Majority had moderate pain 58.6%, 22.7% severe and 20.5% mild pain. There was no association between low back pain and age (P=0.130), gender(P=0.994), marital status (P=0.333) and BMI (P=0.164). Bending (P=0.032), lifting (P=0.024), and standing(P=0.016) were predictive variables for low back pain and were statistically significant P<0.05.

Conclusion

Using the Oswestry pain assessment tool for LBP, the estimated prevalence of low back pain was more than fifty percent among the respondents. In this study, frequent bending and twisting, prolonged standing, and lifting were important significant associated factors in the development of LBP among anesthetist's.

The association between long working hours and obstructive sleep apnea assessed by STOP-BANG score: a cross-sectional study

PURPOSE

The relationship between night-shift work and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is well known, but that between OSA and long working hours is still unknown. This study explores the association between long working hours and OSA.

METHODS

Using cross-sectional Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2020 data, we made multiple logistic regression models to calculate odds ratios (ORs) between weekly working hours and STOP-BANG scores for OSA screening. Stratified regression models by night or rotating shift work were also made.

RESULTS

In an adjusted model of STOP-BANG high-risk versus low-risk groups, the OR in the group exceeding 40 h/wk was higher but not statistically significant, 1.19 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66-2.15] compared to the group working 40 h/wk (standard working hours) or less. In the group exceeding 52 h/wk, the OR was 2.03 with statistical significance (95% CI 1.08-3.80). In the stratification analysis of daytime and night-shift work, the daytime worker results were similar to those in the non-stratified model. The point estimation values of ORs in the night-shift workers were higher than in the daytime workers; however, we did not observe a statistical significance.

CONCLUSION

Long working hours can increase the risk of OSA assessed by STOP-BANG scores.

Motor variability during a repetitive lifting task is impaired by wearing a passive back-support exoskeleton

PURPOSE

Evaluate whether wearing a passive back-support exoskeleton during repetitive lifting impairs motor variability of erector spinae muscle and spine movement and whether this association is influenced by lifting style.

SCOPE

Thirty-six healthy males performed ten lifts in four randomized conditions with exoskeleton (without, with) and lifting style (squat, stoop) as dependent variables. One lifting cycle contained four phases: bending/straighten without/with load. Erector spinae muscular activity, thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were measured with surface electromyography and gravimetric position sensors, respectively. Absolute and relative cycle-to-cycle variability were calculated. The effects of exoskeleton and exoskeleton × lifting style were assessed on outcomes during the complete lifting cycle and its four phases.

RESULTS

For the complete lifting cycle, muscular variability and thoracic kyphosis variability decreased whereas lumbar lordosis variability increased with exoskeleton. For lifting phases, effects of exoskeleton were mixed. Absolute and relative muscular variability showed a significant interaction effect for the phase straighten with load; variability decreased with exoskeleton during squat lifting.

CONCLUSION

Using the exoskeleton impaired several motor variability parameters during lifting, supporting previous findings that exoskeletons may limit freedom of movement. The impact of this result on longer-term development of muscular fatigue or musculoskeletal disorders cannot yet be estimated.

Treatment Beliefs and Practices towards Low Back Pain among Teachers in Asir Region, Saudi Arabia-A Cross-Sectional Study

The prevalence of low back pain (LBP) is increasing exponentially, with this public health issue affecting over 70% of the population. However, sedentary careers exacerbate the problem further, with professions such as teaching disproportionately affected. In addition, the general population does not seek interventions from medical professionals for LBP; instead, they opt to manage their pain with over-the-counter medications, such as sedatives. The purpose of this study was to explore practices and beliefs related to back pain treatment among schoolteachers in the Asir region. This cross-sectional study included a sample of 312 teachers from the Asir region, with data collected regarding the prevalence of back pain, management approaches, and beliefs surrounding medical interventions. Chi-square or exact tests defined the association between variables, with significance determined at p < 0.05. Our results revealed that 67.3% of Saudi Arabian teachers experienced LBP within the last two months, with a continuous condition representing 36.7% of cases. This study identified several different treatment modalities the participants use to manage their pain, including sedatives, best rest, kaiy (traditional cautery), and local adhesives, with sedatives being the most employed method. It also highlighted that increased daily working hours and total days worked significantly increased the prevalence of LBP (p < 0.05). Although a considerable number of the included teachers were highly educated, with some teaching experience, they had a poor level of awareness and an incorrect attitude towards pain management. Enhanced efforts should be made to improve teachers' awareness regarding back pain causes and management methods.

Occupational and geographical differentials in financial protection against healthcare out-of-pocket payments in Nepal: Evidence for universal health coverage

BACKGROUND

The low-and middle-income countries, including Nepal, aim to address the financial hardship against healthcare out-of-pocket (OOP) payments through various health financing reforms, for example, risk-pooling arrangements that cover different occupations. World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended member states to establish pooling arrangements so that the financial risks owing to health uncertainty can be spread across population. This study aims to analyse the situation of financial protection across occupations and geography using nationally representative annual household survey (AHS) in Nepal.

METHODS

We measured catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) due to OOP using two popular approaches-budget share and capacity-to-pay, and impoverishment impact at absolute and relative poverty lines. This study is the first of its kind from south-east Asia to analyse disaggregated estimates of financial protection across occupations and geography. The inequality in financial risk protection was measured using concentration index. Data were extracted from AHS 2014-15 -a cross-sectional survey that used standard consumption measurement tool (COICOP) and International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO).

RESULTS

We found a CHE of 10.7% at 10% threshold and 5.2% at 40% threshold among households belonging to agricultural workers. The corresponding figures were 10% and 4.8% among 'plant operators and craft workers'. Impoverishment impact was also higher among these households at all poverty lines. In addition, CHE was higher among unemployed households. A negative concentration index was observed for CHE and impoverishment impact among agricultural workers and 'plant operators and craft workers'. In rural areas, we found a CHE of 11.5% at 10% threshold and a high impoverishment impact. Across provinces, CHE was 12% in Madhesh and 14.3% in Lumbini at 10% threshold, and impoverishment impact was 1.9% in Madhesh, Karnali and Sudurpachim at US $1.90 a day poverty line.

CONCLUSION

Households belonging to informal occupations were more prone to CHE and impoverishment impact due to healthcare OOP payments. Impoverishment impact was disproportionately higher among elementary occupations, agricultural workers, and 'plant operators and craft workers'. Similarly, the study found a wide urban/rural and provincial gap in financial protection. The results can be useful to policymakers engaged in designing health-financing reforms to make progress toward UHC.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Ergonomic Hazards Among Healthcare Workers in a Saudi Government Hospital

Background

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affecting healthcare workers (HCWs) must be considered and addressed as a serious issue. Thus, it is important to incorporate ergonomics into clinical practice to prevent MSDs. The objectives of this study were to investigate HCWs’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding ergonomics in a large governmental healthcare facility.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in which the participants were interviewed to complete a validated four-section questionnaire (demographic data, knowledge, attitudes, and practice information related to ergonomics). The questionnaire was newly self-developed based on a literature review and was pilot tested after development.

Results

This study included 273 HCWs. Their average knowledge score regarding ergonomics was 2.6, or “fair to good.” Overall, the participants reported good attitude scores, with a total average score of 1 and 2, or “agree to strongly agree.” The findings also indicated that appropriate ergonomics practices were often not implemented, as the average practice score was 1 to 2, or “always to sometimes engaging in bad practice.” The risk factors of being Saudi, being a woman, and having low academic achievement were associated with poor knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to ergonomics among HCWs.

Conclusion

This study showed that the majority of the participants had fair knowledge and good attitudes toward ergonomics at work while practicing. However, the practice of ergonomics at work was not implemented. It is important to apply ergonomics at work to prevent MSDs; therefore, ergonomic principles should be included in the undergraduate health curriculum for all HCWs, with emphasis on practicing ergonomics in their routine clinical work.

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Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain among health care providers in public hospitals of Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia

Objectives:

To assess prevalence and factors associated with low back pain among health care providers in public hospitals of Gamo zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods:

An institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed from August 1 to September 10, 2021. The total sample size was 470 and a multi-stage sampling technique was used. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and taking Anthropometric measurements. Epi data version 3.1 for data entry and SPSS version 25 for analysis were used. The fitness of the model was checked using the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test. A binary logistic regression analysis was done, and variables with a p-value of less than .025 in univariate analysis were taken to bivariate analysis. Statistically significant was declared at a p-value of less than .05 with an adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.

Results:

The 1-year prevalence of low back pain among health care providers was 44.2% (95% CI 39.5–48.3). Past medical history of systemic illness, most commonly adopted posture, a job never requiring repeating motions within 60 s difference, belief that working health profession activities at night aggravate low back pain, and job satisfaction were significantly associated with low back pain, believing that working at night aggravated low back pain, (often lift, push, pull carry or move) more than 10 kg alone, and job satisfaction were important risk factors for low back pain.

Conclusion:

About four in 10 health care providers in public hospitals in the Gamo zone were suffering from low back pain. Therefore, using ergonomic equipment and lifting techniques and alternating posture while caring for patients may reduce the burden.

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Low Back Pain among Operating Room Personnel: A Cross-Sectional Study in South of Iran

Background

Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders and the most common cause of activity restriction in people younger than 45 years. Nurses have a high incidence and prevalence of low back pain in terms of physical and emotional factors among healthcare workers. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of low back pain.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was performed on 385 operating room personnel of the hospitals affiliated with Shiraz (the largest city in southern Iran) University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected via a research-made developed questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of two parts, including the demographic information and prevalence and dimensions of low back pain.

Results

The results showed that the prevalence of low back pain was 74% among operating room personnel. There was a significant relationship among low back pain, education level, and marital status (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Hospital managers should reduce the prevalence of this disorder among operating room staff by teaching preventative patient handling techniques via training courses.

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Low Back Pain Among Healthcare Professionals at University of Gondar Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction

Low back pain is defined as mechanical pain of the lower part of the back. Globally large number of people suffer from low back pain and this number is increasing. This study aims to assess the prevalence and associated factors of low back pain among healthcare professionals at University of Gondar Compressive Specialized Hospital, northwest Ethiopia.

Methods

An institutional cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 healthcare professionals from March 20/2021-April 20/2021. A sample was selected from each profession through systematic random sampling technique after proportional allocation to each profession. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured self-administered English-version questionnaire, which was adapted from a standardized Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. The prevalence of low back pain was calculated and described by using frequency tables. Multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with the prevalence of low back pain. Significance was considered at p<0.05 with 95% confidence interval.

Results

In this study, 423 healthcare professionals were included with the response rate of 95%. Among them 59.95% were males, 48.26% were less than 30 years old, 86% were degree holders and 57.21% were married. The prevalence of low back pain was 57.46% with 95% confidence interval (95%; CI = 52.6, 62.2). The median age of the respondents was 31± (28–32 IQR) years. Being female [AOR 1.81, 95% (CI = 1.079, 3.018)], frequent bending and twisting [AOR = 1.89, 95% CI (1.121, 3.200)], prolonged standing [AOR = 2.61, 95% (CI = 1.487, 4.597)], being a nurse [AOR = 5.80, 95% (CI = 2.070, 16.226)], and being a physician [AOR = 3.82, 95% (CI = 1.264, 11.531)] were predicted variables for low back pain.

Conclusion

More than 50 percent of the participants were suffering from low back pain. In this study being female, frequent bending, prolonged standing, and type of professionals were statistically significant factors of low back pain. It is better to equip the hospital with appropriate assistive devices to decrease frequent bending and twisting of healthcare workers.

Night shift work characteristics are associated with several elevated metabolic risk factors and immune cell counts in a cross-sectional study

Night shift work is associated with increased health risks. Here we examined the association of metabolic risk factors and immune cell counts, with both night shift work and particular characteristics thereof: frequency, duration and consecutive night shifts. We performed a cross-sectional study using data from 10,201 non-shift workers and 1062 night shift workers of the Lifelines Cohort study. Linear regression analyses, adjusted for demographic, lifestyle and occupational factors, were used to study associations of night shift work characteristics with metabolic risk factors and immune cell counts. Night shift workers had an increased BMI, waist circumference and immune cell counts compared to non-shift workers. This was especially seen in night shift workers who had a higher frequency of night shifts per month (≥ 5: BMI: B = 0.81 kg/m² (95%-CI = 0.43–1.10); waist circumference: B = 1.58 cm (95%-Cl = 0.34–1.71; leukocytes: B = 0.19 × 10⁹ cells/L (95%-CI = 0.04–0.34 × 10⁹)) and worked more consecutive night shifts (> 3: BMI: B = 0.92 kg/m² (95%-CI = 0.41–1.43); waist circumference: B = 1.85 cm (95%-Cl = 0.45–3.24); leukocytes: B = 0.32 × 10⁹ cells/L (95%-CI = 0.09–0.55 × 10⁹)). This association was less pronounced in long-term night shift workers (≥ 20 years). Our findings provide evidence for the association between night shift work characteristics and BMI, waist circumference and leukocytes (including, monocytes, lymphocytes, and basophil granulocytes).

Non-specific Low Back Pain Among Nurses in Qassim, Saudi Arabia

Introduction

Non-specific low back pain (LBP) is a complex and multifactorial health problem. Evidence has shown that LBP is an important occupational hazard and nurses are particularly at high risk. While several studies have addressed the prevalence of LBP worldwide, the prevalence of LBP in Saudi Arabia remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of LBP among nurses in the Qassim region, Saudi Arabia.

Methods

This was a multicenter cross-sectional study carried out in four major public hospitals in the Qassim region. A total of 323 nurses were recruited through a two-stage sampling method. A previously validated questionnaire was used to gather data. The main outcome measures were; LBP prevalence during working life, demographic factors, lifestyle factors, work-related factors, and psychological factors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors independently associated with LBP. 

Results

The study showed that LBP prevalence was 65.6% (n=212). Over one-third of the study, participants sought treatment for LBP (n=82, 38.7%). Age and the type of ward were found significantly associated with LBP [adjusted odds ratios (aOR): 0.39; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.19, 0.77; p value=0.007] & (aOR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.86; p-value =0.02), respectively. However, gender, working hours, number of patients, stress, and smoking were not identified as LBP risk factors in this study.

Conclusion

The findings of this study suggest that LBP is a highly prevalent occupational health problem among nurses in Qassim. Young nurses 20-30 years are more likely to suffer from LBP, while nurses working in the general surgery wards have a lower risk for LBP in this study. On-the-job training is essential particularly for new and young nurses on proper body mechanics when mobilizing patients or lifting heavy equipment. In addition, there is a need for evidence-based interventions to improve the workplace environment for nurses in hospitals in order to lower LBP prevalence.

The prevalence of low back pain among nurses in Serbia

BACKGROUND

The presence of low back pain in nurses is becoming increasingly prominent and it has significant impact both on the individual as well as on the community.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of low back pain among practicing nurses.

METHODS

The research has been conducted in five health care institutions in the area of Vojvodina. Data were collected using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ).

RESULTS

Five hundred and twelve nurses participated in this study. Most of the participants (93.95%) indicated that they experienced discomfort or pain in the lower back in the last 12 months. Due to low back pain, 61.95% of participants had reduced working abilities and 76.09% of participants have never taken time off from work.

CONCLUSIONS

Due to low back pain nurses have a reduced working capacity, but they nevertheless rarely seek medical help or the change of the work place. The implementation of better ergonomic approach and adequate organization of work could reduce the occurrence of low back pain.

A passive back exoskeleton supporting symmetric and asymmetric lifting in stoop and squat posture reduces trunk and hip extensor muscle activity and adjusts body posture - A laboratory study

The influence of a passive exoskeleton was assessed during repetitive lifting with different lifting styles (squat, stoop) and orientations (frontal/symmetric, lateral/asymmetric) on trunk and hip extensor muscle activity (primary outcomes), abdominal, leg, and shoulder muscle activity, joint kinematics, and heart rate (secondary outcomes). Using the exoskeleton significantly and partially clinically relevant reduced median/peak activity of the erector spinae (≤6%), biceps femoris (≤28%), rectus abdominis (≤6%) and increased median/peak activity of the vastus lateralis (≤69%), trapezius descendens (≤19%), and median knee (≤6%) and hip flexion angles (≤11%). Using the exoskeleton had only limited influence on muscular responses. The findings imply the exoskeleton particularly supports hip extension and requires an adjusted body posture during lifting with different styles and orientations. The potential of using exoskeletons for primary/secondary prevention of musculoskeletal disorders should be investigated in future research including a greater diversity of users in terms of age, gender, health status.

[Do digital technologies at work impact mental health of employees?]

Hintergrund

Die traditionelle Arbeitsstressforschung identifizierte eine große Zahl von Stressoren. Die Technik als Stressquelle stand dagegen lange nicht im Fokus des Interesses.

Fragestellung

Dieser Artikel beschreibt das Konzept des Technostresses und diskutiert mögliche Risiken und Chancen digitaler Technologien bei der Arbeit und deren Auswirkungen auf die psychische Gesundheit.

Material und Methode

Übersicht zur Konzeptualisierung von Technostress, potenzieller Wirkmechanismen und Zusammenfassung empirischer Ergebnisse zum Einfluss auf die psychische Gesundheit.

Ergebnisse

Bisher wurden mehrere Domänen von Technostress definiert. Obgleich die Evidenzbasis schmal ist und Studien mit methodischen Einschränkungen behaftet sind, so legen erste Ergebnisse zumindest nahe, dass sich bestimmte Arten von technischem Stress bei der Arbeit ungünstig auf die psychische Gesundheit auswirken können. Zugleich können digitale Technologien auch positive Auswirkungen auf das psychische Wohlbefinden von Arbeitnehmern haben, wenn sie z. B. eine bessere Arbeitsorganisation ermöglichen.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Digitalisierung der Arbeit scheint sowohl Chancen als auch Risiken für die psychische Gesundheit der Beschäftigten zu haben. Implikationen für weitere Forschung in diesem sich entwickelnden Feld werden herausgearbeitet.

Prevalence of Self-Reported Work-Related Lower Back Pain and Its Associated Factors in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Introduction

Low back pain is the commonest musculoskeletal disorder affecting every socioeconomic group of the world's population. The lifetime risk of developing low back pain is about 60%–80%. The pooled prevalence and associated factors of low back pain have not yet been determined in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was aimed at assessing the overall prevalence of low back pain and its associated factors in Ethiopia.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar for observational studies reporting data on the prevalence and associated factors of low back pain was conducted. Relevant data were extracted with a standardized data extraction excel form. Stata 14 was employed for the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test and I² values of a forest plot. Publication bias was checked using a funnel plot and Egger's test. A random-effects model was used in the analysis.

Result

A total of thirty-two studies were included for the systematic review. Twenty-four and sixteen studies were used to pool the overall low back pain prevalence and associated factors, respectively. The overall pooled annual prevalence of low back pain in Ethiopia was estimated to be 54.05% (95% CI: 48.14–59.96). Age, sex, body mass index, work experience, working hours, lack of safety training, awkward working posture, work shift, prolonged standing, lifting heavy objects, sleeping disturbance, history of back trauma, previous medical history of musculoskeletal disorder, and lack of adequate rest interval at work were significantly associated with low back pain.

Conclusion

The current systematic review and meta-analysis revealed a higher prevalence of lower back pain in Ethiopia. Most of the low back pain epidemiological studies conducted in Ethiopia focused on specific occupational settings, making pooling of data and comparison with other countries challenging. Thus, further general population studies are recommended.

Monitoring stress and allostatic load in first responders and tactical operators using heart rate variability: a systematic review

BACKGROUND

Awareness of the cumulative stress placed on first responders and tactical operators is required to manage acute fatigue, which can impair occupational performance, and may precipitate negative chronic health outcomes. The aim of this review was to investigate the utility of heart rate variability (HRV) to monitor stress and allostatic load among these populations.

METHODS

A systematic search of Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE complete, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and Scopus databases was conducted. Eligibility criteria: original peer reviewed research articles, written in English, published between 1985 and 2020, using human participants employed as a first responder or tactical operator, free from any psychological disorder.

RESULTS

Of the 360 articles screened, 60 met the inclusion criteria and were included for full text assessment. Articles were classified based on single or repeated stressor exposure and the time of HRV assessment (baseline, during stressor, post stressor). Singular stressful events elicited a reduction in HRV from baseline to during the event. Stressors of greater magnitude reduced HRV for extended durations post stressor. Lower resting HRV was associated with lower situational awareness and impaired decision-making performance in marksmanship and navigation tasks. There were insufficient studies to evaluate the utility of HRV to assess allostatic load in repeated stressor contexts.

CONCLUSION

A reduction in HRV occurred in response to acute physical and cognitive occupational stressors. A slower rate of recovery of HRV after the completion of acute occupational stressors appears to occur in response to stressors of greater magnitude. The association between lower HRV and lower decision-making performance poses as a useful tool but further investigations on within subject changes between these factors and their relationship is required. More research is required to investigate the suitability of HRV as a measure of allostatic load in repeated stress exposures for fatigue management in first responder and tactical operators.

Influence of Work-Related Safety and Health Guidelines on Knowledge and Prevalence of Occupational Back Pain among Rehabilitation Nurses in Saudi Arabia: A 6-Month Follow-Up Study

Background: Nurses are frequently involved in different types of patient handling activities in different departments of the hospitals. Mishandling the patients causes accumulative stress on their spine that results in occupational back pain (OBP), substantial morbidity, and incurred cost. Objectives: This study aimed to observe the influence of work-related safety and health guidelines on knowledge and prevalence of occupational back pain among rehabilitation nurses in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This cohort study was conducted with the inclusion of a total of 116-registered rehabilitation nurses (97-female, 19-male, mean age = 39.6-years) from different regions of Saudi Arabia. After the invitation, these nurses attended an ergonomic workshop focusing on work-related safety and patient handling guidelines, risk assessment, and control of OBP. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, risk, and prevalence of OBP at baseline and 6-months follow-up. Results: The perceived knowledge score significantly improved (95% CI; t = 4.691; p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 0.72) at 6-month follow-up (mean ± SD = 81.6 ± 18.2) from its baseline score (mean ± SD = 68.2 ± 19.2). Likewise, the prevalence score of OBP markedly reduced from 71.5% (baseline) to 65.0% (6-month follow-up). Conclusion: The level of knowledge highly improved and the prevalence of OBP markedly reduced within a span of 6-month among rehabilitation nurses in Saudi Arabia after attending an ergonomic workshop. Importantly, the nurses learned and geared up themselves for practicing the safe patient handling guidelines to avoid occupational back pain in the future. Therefore, rehabilitation nurses should update their knowledge and awareness about occupational safety and health guidelines, risk assessments, and control of OBP at a regular interval for increasing the knowledge and reducing the prevalence of OBP among them.

Low back pain and associated risk factors among medical students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Different studies showed the high prevalence of LBP among medical students. However, no study has been conducted on Bangladeshi medical students to estimate the prevalence of LBP. This study evaluated the prevalence, characteristics, and associated risk factors of LBP among medical students in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020 among randomly selected 270 medical students and medical interns in Faridpur Medical College, Bangladesh, using an online questionnaire. In data analysis, chi-square test and binary logistic regression were performed, and a p-value of < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: A total of 207 participants responded fully to the survey, and were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 22.36 ± 1.915 years. The point, 6-month, and 12-month prevalence of LBP was 25.6%, 46.9%, and 63.3%, respectively. In most participants, LBP was localized (53.2%), recurrent (64.9%), undiagnosed (70.8%), affected for a short period (55%), and relieved without receiving any treatment (60.4%). Participants who had a significantly higher 12-month prevalence of LBP included females (72.2% vs 52.2%), with BMI >25 kg/m 2 (73.2% vs 56.7%), those who performed physical activity at low to moderate frequency (72.4% vs 29.5%), those who spent > 6 hours/day by sitting (71.3% vs 45.3%), and those who did not have enough rest time (92.7% vs 56%). Ergonomic features of chairs, such as having back support, adjustable back support, and adjustable sitting surface, significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the outcomes. Conclusion: The prevalence of LBP among medical students in Bangladesh was high, and most of the risk factors associated with the high prevalence of LBP were modifiable. Hence, LBP can be prevented by implementing preventive strategies and providing ergonomic training and physical activity facilities.

Low back pain and associated risk factors among medical students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Different studies showed the high prevalence of LBP among medical students. However, no study has been conducted on Bangladeshi medical students to estimate the prevalence of LBP. This study determined the prevalence, characteristics, and associated risk factors of LBP among medical students in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020 among randomly selected 270 medical students and medical interns in Faridpur Medical College, Bangladesh, using an online questionnaire. In data analysis, chi-square test and binary logistic regression were performed, and a p-value of < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: A total of 207 participants responded fully to the survey, and were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 22.4 ± 1.9 years. The point, 6-month, and 12-month prevalence of LBP was 25.6%, 46.9%, and 63.3%, respectively. In most participants, LBP was localized (53.2%), recurrent (64.9%), non-specific (70.8%), affected for a short period (55%), and relieved without receiving any treatment (60.4%). Participants who had a significantly higher 12-month prevalence of LBP included females (72.2% vs 52.2%), with BMI >25 kg/m 2 (73.2% vs 56.7%), those who performed physical activity at low to moderate frequency (72.4% vs 29.5%), those who spent > 6 hours/day by sitting (71.3% vs 45.3%), and those who did not have enough rest time (92.7% vs 56%). Ergonomic features of chairs, such as having back support, adjustable back support, and adjustable sitting surface, significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the outcomes. Conclusion: The prevalence of LBP among medical students in Bangladesh was high, and most of the risk factors associated with the high prevalence of LBP were modifiable. Hence, LBP can be prevented by implementing preventive strategies and providing ergonomic training and physical activity facilities.

Low back pain and associated risk factors among medical students in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Different studies showed the high prevalence of LBP among medical students. However, no study has been conducted on Bangladeshi medical students to estimate the prevalence of LBP. This study determined the prevalence, characteristics, and associated risk factors of LBP among medical students in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2020 among randomly selected 270 medical students and medical interns in Faridpur Medical College, Bangladesh, using an online questionnaire. In data analysis, chi-square test and binary logistic regression were performed, and a p-value of < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: A total of 207 participants responded fully to the survey, and were included in the analysis. The mean age of the participants was 22.4 ± 1.9 years. The point, 6-month, and 12-month prevalence of LBP was 25.6%, 46.9%, and 63.3%, respectively. In most participants, LBP was localized (53.2%), recurrent (64.9%), non-specific (70.8%), affected for a short period (55%), and relieved without receiving any treatment (60.4%). Participants who had a significantly higher 12-month prevalence of LBP included females (72.2% vs 52.2%), with BMI >25 kg/m 2 (73.2% vs 56.7%), those who performed physical activity at low to moderate frequency (72.4% vs 29.5%), those who spent > 6 hours/day by sitting (71.3% vs 45.3%), and those who did not have enough rest time (92.7% vs 56%). Ergonomic features of chairs, such as having back support, adjustable back support, and adjustable sitting surface, significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the outcomes. Conclusion: The prevalence of LBP among medical students in Bangladesh was high, and most of the risk factors associated with the high prevalence of LBP were modifiable. Hence, LBP can be prevented by implementing preventive strategies and providing ergonomic training and physical activity facilities.

The factors of non-specific chronic low back pain in nurses: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Numerous studies have investigated factors for non-specific chronic low back pain (NSCLBP) in nurses, and have reached different conclusions. Evidence-based recommendations are required for the prevention and treatment of NSCLBP in nurses.

OBJECTIVE

This meta-analysis aimed to systematically review and quantify the factors of NSCLBP in nurses.

METHODS

Eleven databases were searched. The odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using meta-analysis, and either a fixed-effect or random-effect model was used based on heterogeneity across included studies.

RESULTS

Eighteen publications including 11,752 nursing staff were included. Being female (pooled estimate [95% CI], 1.56 [1.24-1.96]; P< 0.001), married (1.89 [1.38-2.60]; P< 0.001), overweight (0.63 [0.43-0.93]; P= 0.02), working at least 10 years (0.65 [0.48-0.89]; P= 0.007), and working night shifts (2.19 [1.16-4.21]; P= 0.02) were positively related to NSCLBP. Junior college education (0.60 [0.47-0.77]; P< 0.001) and job satisfaction (0.58 [0.47-0.73]; P< 0.001) were negatively related. Age (0.80 [0.50-1.27]; P= 0.34) and physical exercise (0.99 [0.39-2.49]; P= 0.98) were not related.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first meta-analysis to quantify the risk factors for NSCLBP in nurses. Being female, married, working night shifts, overweight, working at least 10 years and dissatisfied with work are risk factors. High-quality prospective studies are required to validate the findings of this study.

Assessing the Work Activities Related to Musculoskeletal Disorder among Critical Care Nurses

Nurses are physically exhausted with an incidence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), especially those working in critical care units that require exhaustive physical efforts to fulfill patients' needs. The current study aims to assess work activities related to the occurrence of MSDs in nurses working in critical care units. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 100 nurses of critical care units, and the data were collected via a survey questionnaire. The study was conducted at King Fahad University Hospital for three months from February to April 2019. The study findings revealed that work activities related to MSD were associated with sociodemographic data, age, and neck pain (rho = 0.063) (p=0.03) and lower back pain (rho = 0.89) (p=0.03); education level with hip/thigh pain (rho = 0.64) (p=0.03); standing time with shoulder pain (rho = 0.66) (p=0.04), wrist/hand pain (rho = -0.75) (p=0.05), hip/thigh pain (rho = -0.78) (p=0.004), and knee pain (rho = -0.77) (p=0.005). An increased prevalence of MSDs with lower back pain (92%) and upper back pain (56%) was estimated among the nurses, and a negative impact of work-related MSDs on occupational health and daily life activities of the nurses was also observed. The study concluded that the occurrence of MSDs is significantly associated with sociodemographic data: age, BMI experience level, and educational level of nurses of critical care units.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among perioperative nurses: a systematic review and META-analysis

BACKGROUND

To evaluate the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) in perioperative nurses and to explore their association with personal characteristics.

METHODS

Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Joanna Briggs Institute Database were systematically searched. A meta-analysis calculating event rates, and relative 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) was performed for each musculoskeletal body region. The contribution of perioperative nurses' sex, age, and BMI was assessed through a meta-regression.

RESULTS

Twenty-two studies, considering 3590 perioperative nurses, were included in the systematic review. The highest prevalence of WRMSDs was found for the lower-back (62%; 95% CI 0.54-0.70), followed by knee (47%; 95% CI 0.36-0.59), shoulder (44%; 95% CI 0.37-0.51), waist (42%; 95% CI 0.31-0.53), neck (39%; 95% CI 0.29-0.51), ankle-feet (35%; 95% CI 0.22-0.51), upper-back (34%; 95% CI 0.25-0.44), hand-wrist (29%; 95% CI 0.20-0.40), and elbow (18%; 95% CI 0.12-0.26). Meta-regression showed that sex, age, and BMI were not significant predictors of low-back disorders (p = 0.69; R² = 0).

CONCLUSIONS

WRMSDs represent a high prevalence issue among perioperative nurses. Perioperative nurses, in general, are steadily exposed to both physical and temporal risk factors. Further studies should be addressed to identify specific interventions aimed at reducing the burden of WRMSDs including ergonomic education and physical rehabilitation. Our data could be used in future studies as a reference to assess the risk of WRMSDs in other health-care professionals' population.

Prevalence of Low Back Pain among Nursing Staff in Najran, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

This study aimed to determine the various demographic and work-related professional characteristics associated with low back pain among nursing professionals in Najran, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered modified questionnaire (electronic), which included information on general subject demographics and work conditions, was sent through various electronic channels to which 187 nurses working across various health institutions in the Najran region responded. Among the included respondents, 35.3% were Saudis, 64.7% were Non-Saudis, and 88.8% were in the young to middle-age group (21–40 years). Similarly, 57.8% were females, while a majority (91%) had completed a bachelor’s degree. In total, 140 respondents (74.8%) reported experiencing low back pain. Among the various work-related factors, gender, place of work, nature of work, and direct contact hours with patients per week were found to be significantly associated with low back pain. Assessment of pain characteristics found that a majority (88.2%) had mild to moderate localized back pain. A significant number of nursing professionals included herein reported to have low back pain, which appeared to be moderated by work-related characteristics, including place and nature of work. Our findings can help to establish policies and interventions aimed at reducing the risk and onset of low back pain.

Prevalence and Incidence of Low Back Pain in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review

Study Design: A systematic review.

Objective: To identify published studies that assess the prevalence and incidence of Low Back Pain (LBP) in the Saudi Arabian population.

Methods: Six electronic databases were searched for articles published between January 1995 and December 2018. Crosssectional or cohort studies were included if they were conducted in the KSA and focused on the prevalence or incidence of LBP in adults. Case–control and retrospective studies were excluded. Studies were also excluded if they did not meet the quality criteria set out by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) assessment or had a high or medium risk of bias according to the criteria proposed by Hoy et al. One independent reviewer (MAA) verified that the studies met the inclusion criteria, and three independent reviewers (MAA, AHM, CMA) assessed the quality of the studies and extracted their relevant characteristics. All the studies were assessed for quality using the JBI assessment and were assessed for risk of bias according to the Hoy et al. approach.

Results: The initial search identified 158 papers; five studies met the inclusion criteria. The nature of the findings meant no meta-analysis could be performed; therefore, a narrative summary was generated to discuss the findings. The prevalence of LBP in different professional groups within a working-age group ranged between 64% and 89%.

Discussion: The prevalence of LBP in the KSA has only been examined within specific professional groups, which limits the ability to generalize the finding. The review clarifies the need for further quality epidemiological studies to identify the prevalence of LBP in the general population. Many of the issues identified are problems related to occupational risk of LBP. The implication therefore is that these occupational factors need to be assessed so that risk factors for LBP among employees in KSA can be modified.

A Multidisciplinary Focus Review of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Operating Room Personnel

Musculoskeletal disorder is one of the major health issues and is recognized as the second most common occupational disease. The aim of the present study was to investigate the different aspects of musculoskeletal disorders in operating room personnel. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of MSDs among operating room personnel, in January 2020. In this study, the authors explored 30 articles from five databases including Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. The present study found that physical, psychological, and demographic characteristics including age, gender, work experience, and smoking were the most important risk factors for these disorders. Musculoskeletal disorders were also prevalent in different areas of the body, with the highest prevalence being in the lumbar region. In addition, regular exercise and physical activity, the use of stretching and gentle exercise to reduce physical pressure, regard to the principles of ergonomics in the workplace, regular physical examinations, and awareness of the risk factors for these disorders. Therefore, operating room officials need to promote operating room programs focused on reducing musculoskeletal disorders and increase the awareness of the personnel about the risk factors by conducting training courses.

Low Back Pain Among Nurses Working at Public Hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia

Objective

This study assessed the prevalence of low back pain and factors associated with it among nurses working at public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia.

Materials and Methods

Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 1 to March 20, 2018 among randomly selected 404 nurses working in public hospitals of Harari region and Dire Dawa city administration. Six trained nurses collected the data through a self-administered data collection technique. All variables that yield p< 0.25 in bivariable logistic regression were subjects for multivariable logistic regression analysis. The direction and strength of statistical association were measured by odds ratio with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Finally, statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05.

Results

The 12-month prevalence of low back pain was 38.1% [95% CI: 32.7-42.7%]. It was more prevalent among females (65%). More than 5 years of work experience [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =3.135; 95% CI (1.292-7.605)], manual lifting of weight >10kg [AOR=5.260; 95% CI (1.869-14.805)] and working in awkward posture [AOR=3.93; 95% CI (1.109-13.924)] were variables significantly associated with low back pain among nurses.

Conclusion

About two in five nurses working at public hospitals in Harari region and Dire Dawa city administration were suffering from low back pain. So, tailored intervention is needed to prevent nurses from further injury and retain experienced nurses.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among clinical laboratory workers

Aims and Objectives:

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among clinical laboratory workers.

Materials and Methods:

This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study included the clinical laboratory departments of six governmental tertiary and secondary hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The selected instrument was a self-administered adapted standardized questionnaire. The sample comprised 306 laboratory workers, and the selected sampling technique was a non-random convenient method.

Results:

The overall prevalence of WMSDs in any body region was 82% in the last 12 months; it was mainly linked to lower back pain (61%). In the logistic regression, age <30 years, working in specific laboratories and working in hematology/flow-cytometry laboratory divisions were all found to be significant risk factors (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Clinical laboratory workers are at a high risk for WMSDs; it is essential that we take preventative action to address this.

Low back pain prevalence and risk factors among health workers in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

OBJECTIVES

Low back pain (LBP) has a major impact on health workers, and its prevalence and risk factors among them in Saudi Arabia have been investigated previously. However, the results have never been comprehensively reviewed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature to identify the prevalence and risk factors of LBP among health workers in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS

MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and Saudi peer-reviewed journals were searched for relevant literature. After quality assessment of the eligible articles, 18 studies targeting seven occupational categories, with a total number of 5345 health workers, were analyzed.

RESULTS

Pooled prevalence rates of 40.8% (n = 7 studies), 65.0% (n = 13 studies), and 81.4% (n = 2 studies) were obtained for week, year, and career, respectively, across all professional groups. Nurses and physical therapists were more susceptible to LBP, in that order, than the other categories considering week and career periods. Age, body mass index, and female gender were the most commonly reported individual risk factors. Occupational risk factors mainly included work-related activities requiring back bending and twisting, lifting and pulling objects, and manual patient-handling.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this review indicate that LBP is highly prevalent among health workers in Saudi Arabia when compared with international rates. Proper prophylactic measures are necessary to reduce LBP and minimize its consequences. Further high-quality research is needed in different Saudi regions to achieve a broader understanding of LBP prevalence and causes.

Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Surgeons at a Tertiary Care Center: a Survey Based Study

Introduction:

Musculoskeletal (MSK) manifestations represent a common work-related physical complication that affect surgeons and impacts their life and the healthcare service negatively.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of work related MSK manifestations among surgeons in a tertiary care hospital and to identify the possible associated risk factors.

Methods:

A Web-based self-administered cross-sectional survey was conducted. This study targeted all surgeons regardless of their nationalities, ages, genders, and marital statuses. The questionnaire assessed the participants’ demographic data as well as musculoskeletal manifestations.

Results:

Most respondents (80%) suffered from MSK manifestations that were related to performing surgeries. Back and neck areas represented the most affected body parts (71.1% and 59.8%, respectively). A significantly higher percentage of those with musculoskeletal manifestations practiced for 5-10 years (28.9%) (p = 0.006).

Conclusion:

MSK pain is common among Saudi surgeons in different specialties. More attention should be directed to improving the physical environments in which the surgeons are operating. Moreover, surgeons should be educated about the recommended ergonomic positions that can prevent or decrease their work related MSK manifestations.

A microtitre chemiluminescence sensor for detection of pyrethroids based on dual-dummy-template molecularly imprinted polymer and computational simulation

The residues of pyrethroids in foods of animal origin are dangerous to the consumers, so this study presented a chemiluminescence sensor for determination of pyrethroids in chicken samples. A dual-dummy-template molecularly imprinted polymer capable of recognizing 10 pyrethroids was synthesized. The results of computation simulation showed that the specific 3D conformations of the templates had important influences on the polymer' recognition ability. The polymer was used to prepare a sensor on conventional 96-well microplates, and the sample solution was added into the wells for direct absorption. The absorbed analytes were initiated with the bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)oxalate-H₂ O₂ -imidazole system, and the chemiluminescence intensity was used for analyte quantification. Results showed that one assay was finished within 12 min, and this sensor could be reused four times. The limits of detection for the 10 analytes were in the range o0.3-6.0 pg/ml, and the recoveries from the standards of fortified blank chicken samples were in the range 70.5-99.7%.

Effects of McKenzie and stabilization exercises in reducing pain intensity and functional disability in individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain: a systematic review

[Purpose] The purpose of this review is to compare the effect of McKenzie and stabilization exercises in reducing pain and disability in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain. [Methods] A systematic literature review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were performed using 6 databases. The quality of reviewed articles were assessed by the risk of bias using the Cochrane collaboration's tool. [Results] A total of 829 articles were found from the databases, of which 10 were finally selected to be included in this review. The overall risk of bias assessment indicated that the risk of bias was low in one study and high in the other nine studies. One study reported reduced pain and two studies reported reduced functional disability in the McKenzie exercise group compared to other exercises. Two studies reported reduced pain and three studies reported reduced functional disability in the stabilization exercise group compared to other exercises. In two studies, the stabilization exercise group was as effective as McKenzie exercise group in reducing pain and functional disability in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. [Conclusion] Only two studies compared stabilization and McKenzie exercises in the management of chronic nonspecific low back pain. Therefore, insufficient evidence is available to draw any conclusive comparison on the effects of McKenzie and stabilization exercises in chronic nonspecific low back pain. However, both McKenzie and stabilization exercises was better than conventional exercise programs in reducing functional disability in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.

Low back pain and some associated factors: is there any difference between genders?

OBJECTIVE

To compare men and women with low back pain and identify the prevalence and some of its associated factors in a population-based sample of adults aged 20 and over a seven day period.

METHODS

Cross-sectional study based on a population survey. 600 individuals were interviewed on the following: (1) characteristics of the participants (i.e. demographic, socioeconomic, and labor aspects); (2) physical activity level (IPAQ); (3) musculoskeletal symptoms (Nordic Questionnaire). Descriptive, bivariate, and Poisson regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS

Overall prevalence of LBP was 28.8%, being 39.0% in men and 60.9% in women. The measured associated factors in men were age between 36 and 59 years (PR=3.00 [1.31-6.88]) and over 60 (PR=4.52 [2.02-10.12]), smoking (PR=2.47 [1.20-5.11]), fewer years of formal education (0-4 years) (PR=6.37 [2.15-18.62]), and hypertension (PR=2.27 [1.15-4.50]). For women, the associated factors were occupational activities that involved heavy lifting (PR=1.80 [1.03-3.16]), standing posture leaning forward (PR=2.04 [1.20-3.44]), sitting posture leaning forward (PR=2.17 [1.24-3.82]), and sitting at the computer three or more days per week (PR=4.00 [1.44-11.11]). Widowed or divorced participants were more likely to report LBP, in both men (PR=3.06 [1.40-6.66]) and women (PR=2.11 [1.15-3.88]).

CONCLUSION

This study reveals high prevalence of low back pain in a seven day period. Older age, low education, hypertension, and smoking were associated with LBP in men. Occupational and ergonomic factors were associated with LBP in women. Marital status was associated with LBP in both genders.

Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain among health care workers in southwestern Saudi Arabia

BACKGROUND

The purpose was to measure the prevalence and related risk factors of low back pain (LBP) among health care workers (HCWs) at different levels of health care in southwestern Saudi Arabia.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted among HCWs providing primary, secondary and tertiary health care services in the Aseer region, southwestern Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire collected data regarding having LBP in the past 12 months, socio-demographics, work conditions and history of chronic diseases, regular physical exercise and overexertional back trauma. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed.

RESULTS

Out of 740 participants, the overall prevalence of LBP in the past 12 months amounted to73.9% (95% CI: 70.7-77.0). The prevalence of LBP with neurological symptoms reached 50.0%. The prevalence of LBP necessitating medications and or physiotherapy was 40.5%, while the prevalence of LBP requiring medical consultation was 20%. Using multivariable logistic regression, the following risk factors were identified: working in secondary and tertiary hospitals (aOR = 1.32, 95% CI:1.01-1.76), increased BMI (aOR = 1.10, 95% CI:1.01-3.65), and positive history of overexertional back trauma (aOR = 11.52, 95% CI:4.14-32.08). On the other hand, practising regular physical exercise was a significant protective factor (aOR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42-0.89).

CONCLUSIONS

LBP is a common problem among HCWs. Many preventable risk factors have been identified, including exertional back trauma, increased BMI and lack of regular physical exercise. Occupational health and safety programmes to build ergonomically safe working conditions and encourage regular physical exercise are needed.

Prevalence of low back pain and associated factors among nurses in Jordan

BACKGROUND

Low back pain (LBP) is a significant work-related problem, especially among nurses. This is due to its high prevalence and impact on the healthcare system, either directly through treating affected nurses, or indirectly through the decrease in nurses' productivity.

AIM

The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence rates of LBP among nurses in Jordan, and to uncover the associated factors and consequences.

METHODS

A cross-sectional design study. Data were collected through a data collection sheet, developed based on literature, from seven public hospitals and one university hospital over a period of 2 months.

RESULTS

A total of 384 nurses completed the data sheet with a response rate of 76.8%. Current prevalence of LBP was 69% (n = 265), 1-year prevalence was 78.9% (n = 303), while accumulative prevalence was 83.6% (n = 321). Factors associated with LBP were older age, female gender, being overweight, and having longer experience in nursing; 40% of nurses agreed that the LBP increased their number of sick leaves, 58.7% agreed it lowered their productivity, and 9% reported that it forced them to change unit.

CONCLUSION

LBP is a significant work-related problem among Jordanian nurses, with high-prevalence rates, and debilitating medical and professional consequences. Interdisciplinary efforts are needed to reduce these consequences.

Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain among nurses at a regional hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Background

Low back pain (LBP) is a public health problem worldwide and is a common cause of work-related disorder among workers, especially in the nursing profession. Recruitment and retention of nurses is a challenge, and the nursing shortage has been exacerbated by the burden of occupational injuries such as LBP and related disabilities. The physiotherapy clinical records revealed that caseload of nurses presenting for the management of LBP was increasing. The prevalence and factors associated with LBP were unclear.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design with an analytic component was implemented. Data were collected utilising a self-administered questionnaire to determine the prevalence and factors associated with LBP among nurses at a regional hospital. Bivariate analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with LBP.

Results

The point prevalence of current LBP in nurses was 59%. The highest prevalence was recorded among enrolled nurses (54%), respondents aged 30–39 (46%), overweight respondents (58%) and those working in obstetrics and gynaecology (49%). Bending (p = 0.002), prolonged position (p = 0.03) and transferring patients (p = 0.004) were strongly associated with LBP. Nurses with more than 20 years in the profession reported a high prevalence of LBP. The prevalence of LBP was higher among the participants who were on six-month rotations (76%) compared with those on yearly rotation (16%).

Conclusion

A high proportion of nurses reported to have LBP. Occupational factors are strongly associated with LBP. Education programmes on prevention and workplace interventions are required in order to reduce occupational injuries.