1
|
Bibby K, Kenny IC, Cahalan R, Purtill H, Comyns TM. Contact Breast Injuries Among Female Athletes: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 2024; 54:1921-1930. [PMID: 38693460 PMCID: PMC11258151 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robust surveillance of injury aetiology and epidemiology is recognised as fundamental for effective injury reduction and management programmes. However, while sex-specific differences in injury type and nature are noted in the literature, it is unclear if these are reflected in surveillance practices, and how the athlete is affected. OBJECTIVE Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review contact breast injuries (CBIs) among adult female athletes. METHODS The following databases were searched: PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus including MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus. The literature search was conducted in May 2023 and the search was limited to articles in the English and German language. Studies including female athletes, aged 18 years and above, in any sports (team or individual) at any level (amateur, semi-professional and professional), where an occurrence of CBI was documented were included. Studies were included irrespective of their investigated timeframes (e.g. the whole career, one or multiple seasons). Findings were categorised (e.g. sport, level of competition and investigated timeframe of the study) to enable possible comparisons. Case studies were excluded due to the non-generalisability of findings. RESULTS Of the six studies included, rugby codes (rugby union, rugby league and rugby sevens) had the highest occurrence rate (62.0%) of CBIs among eight different investigated sports (rugby codes 62.0%, softball 59.5%, Australian Football League (AFL) 51.0%, water polo 50.0%, soccer 46.7%, basketball 27.6-48.8%, volleyball 34.6%, boxing 0.0%). Between 25.6% and 62.0% of participants reported incurring a CBI and between 0.0% and 42.9% of CBIs were reported to a medical professional or support staff. The reported treatment rate for CBIs ranged between 0.0% and 2.1%, The main mechanisms for CBIs (where reported) were contact with another athlete (AFL 37.6%, rugby codes 56%) the ball (AFL 31.6%, rugby codes 25.5%) and the ground (AFL 6.6%, rugby codes 22%). Between 18.2% and 48% of the participants reported that CBIs negatively affected their performance. Risk factors increasing CBIs were positional differences, larger breast size and higher body mass index (BMI). In-season injury data collection and surveillance supported through education of both players and medical staff were identified to be of relevance for future CBI prevention. None of the studies reported incidence rate. CONCLUSION Despite the frequent occurrence of CBIs among female athletes, reporting and treatment remains low. Awareness and education of all stakeholders are fundamental to ensuring better breast safety in female sport. Identifying the mechanics, severity and risk factors of CBIs through thorough injury surveillance must be a focus of further research. REGISTRATION The study was preregistered on Open Science Framework (OSF).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Bibby
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ian C Kenny
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Lero, The Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Software Research, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Róisín Cahalan
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Physical Activity for Health Research Cluster, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Helen Purtill
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Tom M Comyns
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mirani N, Ayatollahi H, Khorasani-Zavareh D, Zeraatkar K. Emergency department-based injury surveillance information system: a conceptual model. BMC Emerg Med 2023; 23:61. [PMID: 37259025 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-023-00831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury data play a pivotal role in monitoring public health issues and Injury Surveillance Information Systems (ISIS) are useful for continuous data collection and analysis purposes. Since emergency department (ED) is usually the first place of referral for the injured people, the aim of this study was to develop a conceptual model for an ED-based ISIS. METHODS This study was completed in 2020 and the Delphi technique (three rounds) was used to determine the main components of an ED-based ISIS. The participants were selected using the purposive sampling method. A 5-point Likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS In the first, second, and third rounds of the Delphi study, 60, 44, and 28 experts participated, respectively. In the first and second rounds, most of the items including the personal data, clinical data, data sources, and system functions were found important. In the third round of the Delphi study, 13 items which did not reach a consensus in the previous rounds were questioned again and five items were removed from the final model. CONCLUSION According to the findings, various data elements and functions could be considered for designing an ED-based ISIS and a number of data sources should be taken into count to be integrated with this system. Although the conceptual model presented in the present study can facilitate designing the actual system, the final system needs to be implemented and used in practice to determine how it can meet users' requirements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nader Mirani
- Department of Health Tourism, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Haleh Ayatollahi
- Health Management and Economics Research Center, Health Management Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1996713883, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Davoud Khorasani-Zavareh
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Department of Health in Emergencies and Disasters, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, H1, Sweden
| | - Kimia Zeraatkar
- Education Development Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
O'Connor S, Whyte E, Fortington L, Corrigan J. The cost of injury in Ladies Gaelic football: A nine-year analysis (2012–2020) of the LGFA's Injury Fund. J Sci Med Sport 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
4
|
Anderson D, Cathcart J, Kerr D, Moore I, Hislop M, Wilson I. An investigation of coaches' awareness of injury in elite adolescent rugby union in Northern Irish schools - A qualitative study. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 57:17-25. [PMID: 35849980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the decision-making processes employed by schools' Rugby coaches in the management of injured players and to explore the factors that influenced those decisions. A secondary objective was to gauge interest in an education focused toolkit for schools' Rugby coaches. DESIGN A qualitative study using one-to-one online interviews. SETTING Schools who compete in the Ulster Schools' Cup Rugby competition. PARTICIPANTS Eleven Rugby union coaches from four post primary schools. OUTCOME MEASURES A thematic analysis approach was used to examine the factors that influence schools' Rugby coaches' decision-making processes in the management of injured players. RESULTS Findings suggest coaches are influenced in their decision making by four primary factors: their experience and learning, their relationships with other stakeholders, their knowledge and understanding of the roles and responsibilities of medical staff, healthcare and health fitness professionals, and resources available to them. CONCLUSIONS Schools' Rugby coaches play a significant role in the supervision of injured adolescent Rugby players, often drawing from their playing and coaching experiences. Schools retain, or recommend the services, of healthcare professionals (HCPs) and health and fitness professionals (HFPs). The role of these healthcare and health and fitness professionals, along with their qualifications and experience is not fully understood by coaches. Coaches acknowledge that there is a need for further training and would welcome education initiatives aimed at increasing awareness of musculoskeletal injury in schoolboy Rugby players.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Anderson
- Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom.
| | - John Cathcart
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Kerr
- Institute of Nursing and Health Research, School of Health Sciences, Ulster University, Jordanstown Campus, Newtownabbey, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel Moore
- School of Sport and Health, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Hislop
- Player Welfare and Rugby Services Department, World Rugby, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Iseult Wilson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barry L, Lyons M, McCreesh K, Powell C, Comyns T. International survey of injury surveillance practices in competitive swimming. Phys Ther Sport 2022; 57:1-10. [PMID: 35842945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify the injury surveillance practices being used in competitive swimming environments. It explored the nature of the data collected, the injury definitions used and the perceived effectiveness of injury surveillance. Finally, this study also examined barriers to injury surveillance. DESIGN Online cross-sectional. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-two responders working in competitive swimming. OUTCOME MEASURES Injury surveillance methods, data collected, perceived level of effectiveness and barriers associated with injury surveillance. RESULTS Fifteen responders participated in injury surveillance, with 13 responders using a recognised definition for injury. Ten responders did not use any sports injury classification system. Ten responders found injury surveillance to be very effective at identifying injury trends, while previous injury history and training load data were perceived to be most influential in preventing injury. Limited time, funding and compliance were common obstacles, while poor staff communication and engagement were barriers to the effective implementation of injury surveillance. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of injury surveillance is related to the system objectives, competitive level of those under surveillance and the resources available. This implementation requires the balance of adhering to the principles outlined in prominent consensus statements and overcoming the barriers associated with implementing a system effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Barry
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Performance Department, Swim Ireland, Irish Sport HQ, Dublin, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Mark Lyons
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Karen McCreesh
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Ageing Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Cormac Powell
- High Performance Unit, Sport Ireland, Sport Ireland National Sports Campus, Dublin, Ireland; Physical Activity for Health Cluster, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Tom Comyns
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Sport and Human Performance Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Olivier B, Obiora OL, MacMillan C, Finch C. Injury surveillance in community cricket: A new inning for South Africa. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2022; 78:1756. [PMID: 35814045 PMCID: PMC9257739 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v78i1.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Published injury rates amongst elite and club-level youth cricketers highlight the need to implement injury risk-reducing strategies amongst the youth cricketing population. Data from sports injury surveillance systems are a prerequisite for the development and evaluation of strategies to reduce injury risk. Therefore, collecting injury surveillance data is a positive move towards reducing injuries in cricket. In South Africa, a systematic, standardised, evidence-informed injury surveillance system currently does not exist for community levels of play, namely, in cricket-playing high schools and cricket clubs. Although injury surveillance systems exist at elite levels, the obvious differences in elite versus community cricket settings mean that these systems cannot be implemented in their current form at community-level cricket. An innovative model is required to implement an injury surveillance system in community cricket. Clinical implications This article proposes and describes a new research-practice partnership model to implement a systematic, standardised, evidence-informed injury surveillance system at cricket-playing high schools or cricket clubs within South Africa. Once this model has been employed, database systems will need to be established to allow long-term data management and sharing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benita Olivier
- Wits Cricket Research Hub for Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Oluchukwu L. Obiora
- Wits Cricket Research Hub for Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Candice MacMillan
- Wits Cricket Research Hub for Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Caroline Finch
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mashimo S, Ogaki R, Suhara H, Yoshida N. Sports Injury Surveillance Systems and Guidelines in Japan: A Systematic Review. Int J Sports Med 2022; 43:1163-1172. [PMID: 35472823 DOI: 10.1055/a-1836-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to identify sports injury surveillance systems (ISSs) and injury surveillance guidelines (ISGs) developed and currently used in Japan. Additionally, the extent to which ISSs and ISGs developed overseas are employed in Japan was also examined. A systematic search of electronic databases was performed in March 2021. Prospective studies that investigated sports injuries and targeted Japanese athletes or sports in Japan were included to identify the following: (1) details of the ISSs or ISGs developed among sports in Japan, and (2) characteristics of studies focusing on sports in Japan employing ISSs or ISGs developed overseas and the method of use. A total of five ISSs developed among sports in Japan were included, most of which were based on insurance benefits or condolence payment systems. In total, 23 studies used ISSs or ISGs developed overseas, more than half of which were used as a resource for the development of other data collection tools or methods, indicating that the definition of injury and/or classification of items are modified based on the needs among sports in Japan. This review highlights the necessity of establishing club-based or organisational ISSs and ISGs that are appropriate for sports in Japan.
Collapse
|
8
|
McLean S, Coventon L, Finch CF, Dallat C, Carden T, Salmon PM. Evaluation of a systems ergonomics-based incident reporting system. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 100:103651. [PMID: 34837751 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incident reporting and learning systems are a fundamental component of safety management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel incident reporting system specific to the Australian Led Outdoor Activity (LOA) sector. The Understanding and Preventing Led Outdoor Accidents Data System (UPLOADS), is a recently introduced systems thinking-based incident reporting and learning system that utilises contemporary safety theory and methods. METHOD The implementation of UPLOADS was evaluated using the RE-AIM framework based on the following dimensions: Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance. A pragmatic evaluation approach was used in which evaluation data were collected through the triangulation of multiple sources including different LOA stakeholders from both the individual organisational level (LOA providers) and LOA sector governance level (LOA industry representatives), incident data collected through the UPLOADS National Incident Dataset, and the online and physical presence of UPLOADS. RESULTS The findings show that a key strength of UPLOADS is its effectiveness as incident reporting tool for improving safety in the LOA sector. However, a weakness of UPLOADS is that it is not being implemented appropriately by the LOA providers. CONCLUSION Overall, the current findings suggest that UPLOADS incident reporting tool is perceived by SMEs as an effective tool for improving safety in LOA. However, further work is required for UPLOADS to have a greater impact on the LOA sector. Specifically, Implementation of the UPLOADS system requires improvement, as well as additional training and education may be required to upskill and empower LOA providers to improve reporting and enhance the value placed on safety by LOA stakeholders. The RE-AIM framework was an appropriate evaluation framework for understanding the effectiveness of UPLOADS as a LOA sector specific incident reporting and learning system. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The current findings have practical implications for ergonomics researchers applying evaluation frameworks in the real world, and LOA providers for implementing safety interventions. Lastly, contemporary systems-based incident reporting and learning systems have the capability to enhance the safety practices of the LOA sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott McLean
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia.
| | - Lauren Coventon
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Clare Dallat
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Tony Carden
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Paul M Salmon
- Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stannard J, Finch CF, Fortington LV. Improving musculoskeletal injury surveillance methods in Special Operation Forces: A Delphi consensus study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0000096. [PMID: 36962170 PMCID: PMC10021797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injury mitigation is a priority in military organisations to protect personnel health and sustain a capable workforce. Despite efforts to prevent injury, inconsistencies exist in the evidence used to support these activities. There are many known limitations in the injury surveillance data reported in previous Special Operation Forces (SOF) research. Such studies often lack accurate, reliable, and complete data to inform and evaluate injury prevention activities. This research aimed to achieve expert consensus on injury surveillance methods in SOF to enhance the quality of data that could be used to inform injury prevention in this population. A Delphi study was conducted with various military injury surveillance stakeholders to seek agreement on improving surveillance methods in SOF. Iterative questionnaires using close and open-ended questions were used to collect views about surveillance methods related to injury case definitions and identifying essential and optional data requirements. Consensus was predefined as 75% group agreement on an item. Sixteen participants completed two rounds of questionnaires required. Consensus was achieved for 17.9% (n = 7) of questions in the first-round and 77.5% (n = 38) of round two questions. Several challenges for surveillance were identified, including recording injury causation, SOF personnel's injury reporting behaviours influencing accurate data collection, and surveillance system infrastructure limitations. Key military injury surveillance stakeholders support the need for improved data collection to enhance the evidence that underpins injury prevention efforts. The consensus process has resulted in preliminary recommendations to support future SOF injury surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Stannard
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Lauren V Fortington
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vella S, Bolling C, Verhagen E, Moore IS. Perceiving, reporting and managing an injury – perspectives from national team football players, coaches, and health professionals. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2021; 6:421-433. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2021.1985164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Vella
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
- Malta Football Association, Millenium Stand, National Stadium, Ta’ Qali ATD, Malta
| | - Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vu University Medical Center, Amsterdam, BT, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Vu University Medical Center, Amsterdam, BT, The Netherlands
| | - Isabel Sarah Moore
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
How injury registration and preseason assessment are being delivered: An international survey of sports physical therapists. Phys Ther Sport 2021; 53:151-157. [PMID: 34521585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the role of sports physical therapists (PT) in the organization of injury registration and preseason assessment, applied in athletic organizations and sports teams of different gender and level world-wide. DESIGN cross-sectional study. SETTING LimeSurvey platform. PARTICIPANTS Sports PTs working with athletes invited through International Federation of Sports Physical Therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES injury registration and athlete's screening. RESULTS 414 sports PTs participated in this international survey (mean age of 37.66 (SD = 9.38) years). 340 participants indicated that the PT as the responsible for injury registration. Barriers to properly register injury throughout the season were indicated by 157 sports PT and 86 (54.77%) indicated a lack of time on their routine as the main factor. 93 participants (30.09%) indicated that they customize the prevention program based on the preseason assessment. Sports PTs who reported not performing a preseason assessment (92 participants - 22.22%) mainly indicated this to be consequence of lack of structure in the organization (44 participants - 47.82%). CONCLUSION The majority of the sports PTs participate on injury registration and perform preseason assessment in athletes. However, lack of time in their routine and structure in the organization were recognized as the most important barriers to organize these properly.
Collapse
|
12
|
O'Connor S, Hitchens PL, Bolwell C, Annan R, McGoldrick A, Fortington LV. A Cross Sectional Survey of International Horse-Racing Authorities on Injury Data Collection and Reporting Practices For Professional Jockeys. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 104:103686. [PMID: 34416980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Jockey injuries are common in professional horse-racing and can result in life-threatening or career-ending outcomes. Robust injury data are essential to understand the circumstances of injury occurrence and ultimately identify prevention opportunities. This study aimed to identify jockey injury surveillance practices of international horse-racing authorities (HRAs) and the specific data items collected and reported by each HRA. A cross-sectional survey of representatives (e.g. Chief Medical Officer) from international HRAs was conducted. An online and paper questionnaire was designed comprised of 32 questions. Questions considered the barriers and facilitators to data collection within each HRA, and where available, what data were collected and reported by HRAs. Representatives from 15 international racing jurisdictions were included, of which 12 reported collection of race day injuries or falls, using varied definitions of medical attention and time loss. Six HRAs did not have a definition for a jockey injury, and eight HRAs had no parameters for describing injury severity. Race day exposure was collected by two HRAs. Results were commonly presented by HRAs as the number of injuries (n = 9/15) or proportion of injured jockeys (n = 6/15). The lack of a designated role for collection, collation and reporting of data was the main barrier for injury surveillance. Twelve HRAs agreed that mandatory collection would be a strong facilitator to improving practice. Enhancement and standardization of international jockey injury surveillance is required to move forward with evidence informed prevention. Concurrent investigation of how reporting practices can be best supported within existing HRA structures is recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán O'Connor
- Centre for Injury Prevention and Performance, Athletic Therapy and Training, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Ireland.
| | - Peta L Hitchens
- Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Rachel Annan
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, UK
| | | | - Lauren V Fortington
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sports Injury Prevention is Complex: We Need to Invest in Better Processes, Not Singular Solutions. Sports Med 2021; 50:689-702. [PMID: 31741293 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, an understanding has developed that sports injuries are the emergent outcomes of complex, dynamic systems. Thus, the influence of local contextual factors on injury outcomes is increasingly being acknowledged. These realisations place injury prevention research at a crossroads. Currently, injury prevention researchers develop universally applicable injury prevention solutions, but the adoption of these solutions in practice is low. This occurs because implementation contexts are both unique and dynamic in nature, and as a result singular, static solutions are often incompatible. In contrast, practitioners address injury prevention through iterative cycles of trial and error, aiming to optimise the injury prevention process within their own unique contexts. The purpose of this critical review is to draw attention to the misalignment between research and practice-based approaches to injury prevention. In light of this, we propose alternative research approaches that acknowledge the process-driven nature of injury prevention in practice. We propose that a core focus of sport injury prevention research should be to provide practitioners with useful and relevant information to support their decision making around their localised injury prevention practice. Through this approach, injury prevention research ceases to be about what works, and begins to engage with understanding what works in what contexts and why?
Collapse
|
14
|
Bahr R, Clarsen B, Derman W, Dvorak J, Emery CA, Finch CF, Hägglund M, Junge A, Kemp S, Khan KM, Marshall SW, Meeuwisse W, Mountjoy M, Orchard JW, Pluim B, Quarrie KL, Reider B, Schwellnus M, Soligard T, Stokes KA, Timpka T, Verhagen E, Bindra A, Budgett R, Engebretsen L, Erdener U, Chamari K. International Olympic Committee consensus statement: methods for recording and reporting of epidemiological data on injury and illness in sport 2020 (including STROBE Extension for Sport Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS)). Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:372-389. [PMID: 32071062 PMCID: PMC7146946 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to enable data across studies to be compared, research groups have published 11 sport-specific or setting-specific consensus statements on sports injury (and, eventually, illness) epidemiology to date. Our objective was to further strengthen consistency in data collection, injury definitions and research reporting through an updated set of recommendations for sports injury and illness studies, including a new Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist extension. The IOC invited a working group of international experts to review relevant literature and provide recommendations. The procedure included an open online survey, several stages of text drafting and consultation by working groups and a 3-day consensus meeting in October 2019. This statement includes recommendations for data collection and research reporting covering key components: defining and classifying health problems; severity of health problems; capturing and reporting athlete exposure; expressing risk; burden of health problems; study population characteristics and data collection methods. Based on these, we also developed a new reporting guideline as a STROBE Extension-the STROBE Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS). The IOC encourages ongoing in- and out-of-competition surveillance programmes and studies to describe injury and illness trends and patterns, understand their causes and develop measures to protect the health of the athlete. Implementation of the methods outlined in this statement will advance consistency in data collection and research reporting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roald Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ben Clarsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Wayne Derman
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Spine Unit, Swiss Concussion Center and Swiss Golf Medical Center, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caroline F Finch
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Martin Hägglund
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Astrid Junge
- Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Swiss Concussion Centre, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Kemp
- Rugby Football Union, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Karim M Khan
- Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Journal of Sports Medicine, London, UK
| | - Stephen W Marshall
- Injury Prevention Research Center and Department of Epidemiology at the Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Willem Meeuwisse
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- National Hockey League, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Margo Mountjoy
- Department of Family Medicine (Sport Medicine), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- FINA Bureau (Sport Medicine), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John W Orchard
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Babette Pluim
- Department of Sports Medicine, Royal Netherlands Lawn Tennis Association, Amstelveen, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center of Excellence, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Kenneth L Quarrie
- New Zealand Rugby, Wellington, New Zealand
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bruce Reider
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martin Schwellnus
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Research Institute (SEMLI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Torbjørn Soligard
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Centre for Healthcare Development, Region Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abhinav Bindra
- Athlete Commission, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Richard Budgett
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Uğur Erdener
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karim Chamari
- Aspetar Sports Medicine and Orthopedic Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Leahy TM, Kenny IC, Campbell MJ, Warrington GD, Cahalan R, Harrison AJ, Lyons M, Glynn LG, Purtill H, Comyns TM. Injury surveillance and prevention practices across Rugby schools in Ireland. Phys Ther Sport 2020; 43:134-142. [PMID: 32169791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To ascertain the extent of injury surveillance and prevention practices currently in operation and the availability of qualified personnel across Rugby playing schools in the Republic of Ireland. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey design. SETTING Rugby playing schools across Ireland. PARTICIPANTS The Rugby games master, head Rugby coach or teacher/coach with knowledge of all Rugby activities in the school. RESULTS Ninety-three Rugby playing schools responded and reported 356 (97% male, 3% female) school Rugby teams. Rugby injuries were formally monitored in 86% of schools. Injury recorders were primarily coaches (61%). Physiotherapy provision was available in 28% of schools, 14% of schools provided access to a medical doctor and 44% of schools provided access to an S&C coach. Structured warm-ups were undertaken in 66% of schools, weekly gym sessions in 49% of schools and 31% of schools did not implement any formal injury prevention measures. CONCLUSIONS Injury monitoring practices, medical personnel accessibility and the frequency of injury prevention practices varies considerably across Rugby playing schools in Ireland. Future injury surveillance and prevention systems should be suitable for use by non-medical personnel and reflect the structural organisation of the school Rugby game so that data are not solely representative of the elite, well-resourced schools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Therese M Leahy
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ian C Kenny
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mark J Campbell
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Lero, The Irish Software Research Centre, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Giles D Warrington
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Roisin Cahalan
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andrew J Harrison
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mark Lyons
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Liam G Glynn
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Helen Purtill
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Thomas M Comyns
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Clarsen B, Bahr R, Myklebust G, Andersson SH, Docking SI, Drew M, Finch CF, Fortington LV, Harøy J, Khan KM, Moreau B, Moore IS, Møller M, Nabhan D, Nielsen RO, Pasanen K, Schwellnus M, Soligard T, Verhagen E. Improved reporting of overuse injuries and health problems in sport: an update of the Oslo Sport Trauma Research Center questionnaires. Br J Sports Med 2020; 54:390-396. [PMID: 32060142 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2019-101337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In 2013, the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire (OSTRC-O) was developed to record the magnitude, symptoms and consequences of overuse injuries in sport. Shortly afterwards, a modified version of the OSTRC-O was developed to capture all types of injuries and illnesses-The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire on Health Problems (OSTRC-H). Since then, users from a range of research and clinical environments have identified areas in which these questionnaires may be improved. Therefore, the structure and content of the questionnaires was reviewed by an international panel consisting of the original developers, other user groups and experts in sports epidemiology and applied statistical methodology. Following a review panel meeting in October 2017, several changes were made to the questionnaires, including minor wording alterations, changes to the content of one question and the addition of questionnaire logic. In this paper, we present the updated versions of the questionnaires (OSTRC-O2 and OSTRC-H2), assess the likely impact of the updates on future data collection and discuss practical issues related to application of the questionnaires. We believe this update will improve respondent adherence and improve the quality of collected data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Clarsen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Roald Bahr
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Grethe Myklebust
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Haugsboe Andersson
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sean Iain Docking
- LASEM Research Centre, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Drew
- Athlete Availability Program, Australian Institute of Sport, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren Victoria Fortington
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Joar Harøy
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karim M Khan
- Family Practice & Kinesiology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bill Moreau
- Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, California, USA.,University of Western States, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Isabel S Moore
- School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Merete Møller
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Syddanmark, Denmark
| | - Dustin Nabhan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Oslo, Norway.,Sports Medicine Division, United States Olympic Committee, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Kati Pasanen
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre (SIPRC), Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Tampere Research Center of Sport Medicine, UKK Instituutti, Tampere, Finland
| | - Martin Schwellnus
- Sports, Exercise, Medicine and Lifestyle Research Institute (SEMLI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Torbjørn Soligard
- Medical and Scientific Department, International Olympic Committee, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Williams S, Hitchcock J, Davies L, Barnes C, Williams S, Williams A. Injury Surveillance During Competitive Functional Fitness Racing Events. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2020; 13:197-205. [PMID: 32148641 PMCID: PMC7039471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity functional training (HIFT) is an exercise training modality that has grown considerably in popularity over the last decade. More recently, competitive functional fitness racing events have emerged from HIFT, and aim to test athletes' proficiency across a variety of movements, skills, and energy systems. Whilst the injury risk associated with HIFT has been shown to be low and comparable to other forms of recreational fitness activities, the injury risk associated with competitive functional fitness racing events is currently unknown. A prospective cohort design was used to record medical-attention injuries during two competitive functional fitness racing events, involving 1085 competitors. A total of 26 injuries were recorded over the two competitions, resulting in an injury incidence rate of 36 per 1000 competition hours (90% confidence limits [CL]: 26-50) and injury prevalence of 2.4% (90% CL: 1.6-3.2%). The shoulder (n=4) and hand (n=4) were the most commonly injured body locations. The incidence rate in male athletes was likely higher than female athletes (Rate Ratio [RR]: 1.87, 90% CL: 0.95-3.69). The injury incidence rate associated with competitive functional fitness racing events is higher than for HIFT training activities, though the injury prevalence is relatively low in comparison to other sporting activities. Further research is required to understand the burden of these injuries, and identify appropriate injury prevention strategies for this emerging sport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean Williams
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Lewis Davies
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UNITED KINGDOM
| | | | - Steven Williams
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Amy Williams
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UNITED KINGDOM
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
McNeel C, Clark GM, Davies CB, Major BP, Lum JAG. Concussion incidence and time-loss in Australian football: A systematic review. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:125-133. [PMID: 31722842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Australian football is associated with a risk of concussion. However, despite the extensive and varied nature of literature devoted to this issue, concussion incidence has not been systematically evaluated. To address this, we aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of concussion incidence in Australian football. DESIGN Systematic review. Prospero registration number: CRD42017064290. METHODS A systematic search of 14 databases using the terms 'concussion', and 'Australian football' (and variations) was used to obtain records that reported concussion incidence per 1000 players hours across age, sex, and level-of-play. Data were grouped based on how time-loss was applied to the concussion definition. RESULTS Forty-two studies met inclusion criteria. Incidence rates based on a possible time-loss definition per 1000 player hours, ranged from 2.24 to 17.63 at the elite level, and 0.35 to 14.77 at the community/amateur level. Return-to-play details were reported by six studies and only two studies measured head-impacts in real-time. Several limitations were identified with this literature. First, insufficient return-to-play details precluded a meta-analysis of incidence rates. Second, no longitudinal studies across levels-of-play were found. Third, concussion incidence data for junior and female players were notably scarce. CONCLUSIONS There was limited scope to determine concussion burden (i.e., incidence and severity) and only preliminary data for player exposure to head-impacts. To address these limitations, injury surveillance should capture sufficient information to permit comparisons within and across levels-of-play. This will also help determine the influence of interventions aimed at reducing the frequency and severity of concussive-injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire McNeel
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Gillian M Clark
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Charlotte B Davies
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Brendan P Major
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Jarrad A G Lum
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bahr R, Clarsen B, Derman W, Dvorak J, Emery CA, Finch CF, Hägglund M, Junge A, Kemp S, Khan KM, Marshall SW, Meeuwisse W, Mountjoy M, Orchard JW, Pluim B, Quarrie KL, Reider B, Schwellnus M, Soligard T, Stokes KA, Timpka T, Verhagen E, Bindra A, Budgett R, Engebretsen L, Erdener U, Chamari K. International Olympic Committee Consensus Statement: Methods for Recording and Reporting of Epidemiological Data on Injury and Illness in Sports 2020 (Including the STROBE Extension for Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS)). Orthop J Sports Med 2020; 8:2325967120902908. [PMID: 32118084 PMCID: PMC7029549 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120902908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injury and illness surveillance, and epidemiological studies, are fundamental elements of concerted efforts to protect the health of the athlete. To encourage consistency in the definitions and methodology used, and to enable data across studies to be compared, research groups have published 11 sport- or setting-specific consensus statements on sports injury (and, eventually, illnesses) epidemiology to date. OBJECTIVE To further strengthen consistency in data collection, injury definitions, and research reporting through an updated set of recommendations for sports injury and illness studies, including a new Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist extension. STUDY DESIGN Consensus statement of the International Olympic Committee (IOC). METHODS The IOC invited a working group of international experts to review relevant literature and provide recommendations. The procedure included an open online survey, several stages of text drafting and consultation by working groups, and a 3-day consensus meeting in October 2019. RESULTS This statement includes recommendations for data collection and research reporting covering key components: defining and classifying health problems, severity of health problems, capturing and reporting athlete exposure, expressing risk, burden of health problems, study population characteristics, and data collection methods. Based on these, we also developed a new reporting guideline as a STROBE extension-the STROBE Sports Injury and Illness Surveillance (STROBE-SIIS). CONCLUSION The IOC encourages ongoing in- and out-of-competition surveillance programs and studies to describe injury and illness trends and patterns, understand their causes, and develop measures to protect the health of the athlete. The implementation of the methods outlined in this statement will advance consistency in data collection and research reporting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roald Bahr
- Roald Bahr, MD, PhD, Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, PB 4014 Ullevål Stadion, 0806 Oslo, Norway ()
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Whalan M, Lovell R, Sampson JA. Do Niggles Matter? - Increased injury risk following physical complaints in football (soccer). SCI MED FOOTBALL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2019.1705996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Whalan
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- NSW Football Medicine Association
- Figtree Physiotherapy, Australia
| | - Ric Lovell
- NSW Football Medicine Association
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Australia
| | - John A Sampson
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
- NSW Football Medicine Association
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Finch CF, Goode N, Shaw L, Salmon PM. End-user experiences with two incident and injury reporting systems designed for led outdoor activities - challenges for implementation of future data systems. Inj Epidemiol 2019; 6:39. [PMID: 31516813 PMCID: PMC6732829 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-019-0214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Injury and incident (near miss) prevention is heavily dependent upon robust and high-quality data systems. Evaluations of surveillance systems designed to report factors associated with incidents and injuries are essential to understand their value, as well as to improve their performance and efficiency. Despite, this there have been few such evaluations published in the peer-review literature. Methods The attitudes and experiences of industry representatives who used one of two variants of an incident and injury surveillance system to collect injury and incident data for the led outdoor activity setting were obtained through an online self-report survey following a 12-month trial. Survey respondents were 18 representatives of 33 organisations who were users of a comprehensive incident reporting and surveillance system – the Understanding and Preventing Led Outdoor Accidents Data System Software Tool (UPLOADS-ST) - and six out of 11 users of a modified system (UPLOADS-Lite). The survey collected information on user experiences in relation to system training, accessibility, ease of use, security, feedback and perceived value to the sector of collating and reporting data across organisations. Findings Only four UPLOADS-ST responding users found the system easy to use and just three considered entering incident reports to be easy. However, many considered the training on reporting incidents to be sufficient and that the incident reports contained relevant details. Fewer than half of respondents (seven for UPLOADS-ST, three for UPLOADS-Lite) believed entering data was a good use of staff time and resources. Nonetheless, a majority of respondents (seven for UPLOADS-ST, five for UPLOADS-Lite) found the reporting format easy to read and felt the information provided was useful for their organisation. Conclusions Usability barriers to incident reporting were identified, particularly for UPLOADS-ST, including time constraints and user friendliness. The majority of users believed aggregating and reporting incident and injury data across organisations would be of value in making the led outdoor activity sector safer. Improving the utility of the surveillance systems will assist in ensuring their sustainability in the led outdoor activity sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F Finch
- 1School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Perth, Western Australia Australia
| | - Natassia Goode
- 2Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland Australia
| | - Louise Shaw
- 3College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria Australia
| | - Paul M Salmon
- 2Centre for Human Factors and Sociotechnical Systems, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Duignan CM, Slevin PJ, Caulfield BM, Blake C. Mobile Athlete Self-Report Measures and the Complexities of Implementation. J Sports Sci Med 2019; 18:405-412. [PMID: 31427861 PMCID: PMC6683625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent practice in athlete monitoring has seen the development and implementation of customized, digital Athlete Self-Report Measures or Mobile Athlete Self-Report Measures (M-ASRM) across various sport settings, including amateur sports such as Gaelic Games. Successful implementation of M-ASRM requires significant consideration of the use context and limitations therein, an investment of time and expertise by staff and buy-in from key stakeholders, yet there is limited evidence of these considerations being applied in practice. This study aimed to investigate stakeholder perceptions regarding the implementation processes and understanding of a pre-existing M-ASRM in elite Gaelic Games. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the use of a topic guide to explore the rationale, introduction and use of M-ASRM. Participants were 21 M-ASRM users in elite Gaelic Games (players n = 10, coaches and support staff n = 11), from 15 teams. Thematic analysis was conducted collaboratively by two authors, adopting an inductive approach and coding the transcripts using NVivo 12 software. Four higher-order themes were formed from the data: (1) clarity of purpose; (2) implementation strategies; (3) players perceptions of use and (4) perceived facilitators of M-ASRM use. The results of this study demonstrate a significant underestimation of the practical requirements for successful implementation of an M-ASRM by users in elite Gaelic Games. Recommendations are made for implementation and best practice use, including shared decision-making, evidence-based education strategies, structured feedback channels and improved planning with regards to feasibility and responsibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciara M Duignan
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Ireland
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick J Slevin
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Ireland
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian M Caulfield
- Insight Centre for Data Analytics, University College Dublin, Ireland
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Investigation of the Influence of Reduced Graphene Oxide Flakes in the Dielectric on Surface Characteristics and Material Removal Rate in EDM. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7030071. [PMID: 30901899 PMCID: PMC6473874 DOI: 10.3390/sports7030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Touch (rugby/football) is a minimal contact sport for which the type and incidence of injuries remains unknown in Europe. Objectives: To establish the incidence, severity and nature of injuries sustained during a four-day European Touch Championship competition. Methods: A prospective cohort design was adopted to record match-related injuries during the European Touch Championships 2016. Injuries were collected from five countries and classified using the Orchard Sports Injury Classification (OSICS-10). Data were combined from all participating countries and injury incidence was recorded as number of injuries/1000 player hours. Results: A total of 135 injuries were recorded during the tournament with injury incidence calculated as 103.5 injuries per 1000 player match hours. Injuries were mainly recorded as transient (76%) occurring most frequently in the lower limb (69%). Injuries occurred more frequently on successive days, with exception to the final day of the tournament. The number of injuries was not different between the first and second half of matches and there was no relationship between the day of the tournament and the half of the match that injury occurred. Conclusion: Match injury incidence was 103.5 injuries per 100 player match hours. The most injured site was that of the lower limb, with the most common injury type reported as muscle/tendon injury. It is postulated that fatigue plays a role in injury incidence during a multiday tournament.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wellman AD, Coad SC, Flynn PJ, Siam TK, McLellan CP. Perceived Wellness Associated With Practice and Competition in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Players. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:112-124. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
25
|
Abstract
Background Rugby union is a physically demanding, full-contact team sport that has gained worldwide popularity. The incidence of injury in rugby union has been widely reported in the literature. While comprehensive injury surveillance and prevention programmes have been implemented within the professional game, there is a need for similar strategies in the amateur game. Despite recent increases in the volume of research in rugby, there is little consensus regarding the true incidence rate of match and training injuries in senior amateur male rugby union players. Objective The aim of the current review was to systematically review the available evidence on the epidemiology of time-loss injuries in senior amateur male rugby union players and to subsequently conduct a meta-analysis of the findings. Methods A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Scopus, SportDiscus and Google Scholar electronic databases was performed using the following keywords; (‘rugby’ OR ‘rugby union’) AND (‘amateur’ OR ‘community’) AND (‘injur*’ OR ‘pain*’). Six articles regarding the incidence of injury in senior amateur male rugby union players, in both matches and training, were retrieved and included in the meta-analysis to determine the overall incidence rate of match injury, with descriptive analyses also provided for other reported variables. Results The overall incidence rate of match injuries within senior amateur rugby union players was 46.8/1000 player hours [95% confidence interval (CI) 34.4–59.2]. Contact events accounted for the majority of injuries, with the tackler more at risk than the player being tackled, and with respective incidence rates of 15.9/1000 player hours (95% CI 12.4–19.5) and 12.2/1000 player hours (95% CI 9.3–15.1). Conclusion This meta-analysis found that the incidence rate of injury in amateur rugby union players was lower than that in professional players, but higher than the incidences reported in adolescent and youth rugby players. By understanding the true incidence and nature of injuries in rugby, injury prevention strategies can best be implemented. Future prevention strategies may best be aimed towards the tackle area, specifically to the tackler, in order to minimize injury risk.
Collapse
|
26
|
Bolling C, Delfino Barboza S, van Mechelen W, Pasman HR. How elite athletes, coaches, and physiotherapists perceive a sports injury. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bolling
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Saulo Delfino Barboza
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Cape Town; Cape Town South Africa
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences; University College Dublin; Dublin Ireland
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences; University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - H. Roeline Pasman
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam; Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yeomans C, Kenny IC, Cahalan R, Warrington GD, Harrison AJ, Hayes K, Lyons M, Campbell MJ, Glynn LG, Comyns TM. The design, development, implementation and evaluation of IRISweb; A rugby-specific web-based injury surveillance system. Phys Ther Sport 2018; 35:79-88. [PMID: 30472491 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the development, implementation and evaluation of a comprehensive injury surveillance system. DESIGN The four phases; i) A survey of 58 medical professionals working in amateur rugby. ii) The design of a web-based injury surveillance system (IRISweb). iii) Recruitment of 21 of the top 58 amateur clubs to use IRISweb. iv) An evaluation survey of the 21 participating clubs. SETTING Irish amateur rugby clubs. PARTICIPANTS Medical professionals working in amateur rugby. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Phase one investigated the injury monitoring practices in operation prior to the IRIS project. Phase four investigated the effectiveness and usefulness of IRISweb. RESULTS Twenty-one clubs were recruited, however 2 clubs failed to provide a full season of data (10% dropout rate). Eighty-two percent of the remaining 19 clubs rated IRISweb as 'good' or 'very good'. Facilitators of injury surveillance were; increased player adherence (65%) and notifications to update the system (59%), however, poor player adherence (71%) and medical staff availability (24%) were the main barriers. CONCLUSIONS The IRIS project is the first prospective long-term injury surveillance system in Irish amateur rugby, effectively tracking injuries to guide future evidence-based injury prevention strategies. This study highlights facilitators and barriers to injury surveillance within amateur sport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caithriona Yeomans
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Ian C Kenny
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Roisin Cahalan
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland; School of Allied Health, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Giles D Warrington
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andrew J Harrison
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Kevin Hayes
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mark Lyons
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mark J Campbell
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; Lero, The Irish Software Research Centre, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Liam G Glynn
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland; Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Thomas M Comyns
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Casals M, Finch CF. Sports Biostatistician: a critical member of all sports science and medicine teams for injury prevention. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52:1457-1461. [PMID: 30385461 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-042211rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sports science and medicine need specialists to solve the challenges that arise with injury data. In the sports injury field, it is important to be able to optimise injury data to quantify injury occurrences, understand their aetiology and most importantly, prevent them. One of these specialty professions is that of Sports Biostatistician. The aim of this paper is to describe the emergent field of Sports Biostatistics and its relevance to injury prevention. A number of important issues regarding this profession and the science of sports injury prevention are highlighted. There is a clear need for more multidisciplinary teams that incorporate biostatistics, epidemiology and public health in the sports injury area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Casals
- Sport Performance Analysis Research Group, University of Vic, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Centre Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain.,Epidemiology Service, Public Health Agency of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline F Finch
- Australian Collaboration for Research into Sports and its Prevention, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yeomans C, Comyns TM, Cahalan R, Warrington GD, Harrison AJ, Hayes K, Lyons M, Campbell MJ, Kenny IC. Current injury monitoring and player education practices in Irish amateur rugby union. Phys Ther Sport 2018; 33:27-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
30
|
Rönnby S, Lundberg O, Fagher K, Jacobsson J, Tillander B, Gauffin H, Hansson PO, Dahlström Ö, Timpka T. mHealth Self-Report Monitoring in Competitive Middle- and Long-Distance Runners: Qualitative Study of Long-Term Use Intentions Using the Technology Acceptance Model. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2018; 6:e10270. [PMID: 30104183 PMCID: PMC6111145 DOI: 10.2196/10270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background International middle- and long-distance running competitions attract millions of spectators in association with city races, world championships, and Olympic Games. It is therefore a major concern that ill health and pain, as a result of sports overuse, lead to numerous hours of lost training and decreased performance in competitive runners. Despite its potential for sustenance of performance, approval of mHealth self-report monitoring (mHSM) in this group of athletes has not been investigated. Objective The objective of our study was to explore individual and situational factors associated with the acceptance of long-term mHSM in competitive runners. Methods The study used qualitative research methods with the Technology Acceptance Model as the theoretical foundation. The study population included 20 middle- and long-distance runners competing at national and international levels. Two mHSM apps asking for health and training data from track and marathon runners were created on a platform for web survey development (Briteback AB). Data collection for the technology acceptance analysis was performed via personal interviews before and after a 6-week monitoring period. Preuse interviews investigated experience and knowledge of mHealth monitoring and thoughts on benefits and possible side effects. The postuse interviews addressed usability and usefulness, attitudes toward nonfunctional issues, and intentions to adhere to long-term monitoring. In addition, the runners’ trustworthiness when providing mHSM data was discussed. The interview data were investigated using a deductive thematic analysis. Results The mHSM apps were considered technically easy to use. Although the runners read the instructions and entered data effortlessly, some still perceived mHSM as problematic. Concerns were raised about the selection of items for monitoring (eg, recording training load as running distance or time) and about interpretation of concepts (eg, whether subjective well-being should encompass only the running context or daily living on the whole). Usefulness of specific mHSM apps was consequently not appraised on the same bases in different subcategories of runners. Regarding nonfunctional issues, the runners competing at the international level requested detailed control over who in their sports club and national federation should be allowed access to their data; the less competitive runners had no such issues. Notwithstanding, the runners were willing to adhere to long-term mHSM, provided the technology was adjusted to their personal routines and the output was perceived as contributing to running performance. Conclusions Adoption of mHSM by competitive runners requires clear definitions of monitoring purpose and populations, repeated in practice tests of monitoring items and terminology, and meticulousness regarding data-sharing routines. Further naturalistic studies of mHSM use in routine sports practice settings are needed with nonfunctional ethical and legal issues included in the evaluation designs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rönnby
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Oscar Lundberg
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kristina Fagher
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Jacobsson
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bo Tillander
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Håkan Gauffin
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per-Olof Hansson
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Örjan Dahlström
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Athletics Research Center, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
van Reijen M, Asscheman M, Vriend I, van Mechelen W, Verhagen E. Users' Perspectives, Opportunities, and Barriers of the Strengthen Your Ankle App for Evidence-Based Ankle Sprain Prevention: Mixed-Methods Process Evaluation for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2018; 5:e13. [PMID: 29980497 PMCID: PMC6054707 DOI: 10.2196/rehab.8638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The “Strengthen Your Ankle” neuromuscular training program has been thoroughly studied over the past 8 years. This process evaluation is a part of a randomized controlled trial that examined both the short- and long-term effectiveness of this particular program. Although it was shown previously that the program, available both in a printed booklet and as a mobile app, is able to effectively reduce the number of recurrent ankle sprains, participants’ compliance with the program is an ongoing challenge. Objective This process evaluation explored participants’ opinions regarding both the methods of delivery, using RE-AIM (Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance) Framework to identify barriers and challenges to program compliance. Although Reach, Effectiveness, and Adaptation were the focus of a previous study, this paper focuses on the implementation and maintenance phases. Methods Semistructured interviews and online questionnaires were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Fisher exact, chi-square, and t tests assessed between-group differences in quantitative survey responses. Interviews were assessed by thematic analysis to identify key themes. Results While there were no significant differences in the perceived simplicity, usefulness, and liking of the exercise during the 8 weeks of the neuromuscular training program, semistructured interviews showed that 14 of 16 participants agreed that an app would be of additional benefits over a booklet. After the 12-month follow-up, when asked how they evaluated the overall use of the app or the booklet, the users of the app gave a mean score of 7.7 (SD 0.99) versus a mean score 7.1 (SD 1.23) for the users of the booklet. This difference in mean score was significant (P=.006). Conclusions Although both the app and booklet showed a high user satisfaction, the users of the app were significantly more satisfied. Semistructured questionnaires allowed users to address issues they would like to improve in future updates. Including a possibility for feedback and postponement of exercises, an explanation of the use of specific exercises and possibly music were identified as features that might further improve the contentment of the program, probably leading to increased compliance. Trial Registration Netherlands Trial Register NTR4027; http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=4027 (Archived by Webcite at http://www.webcitation.org/70MTo9dMV)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam van Reijen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public & Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marianne Asscheman
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public & Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Vriend
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public & Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Consumer Safety Institute VeiligheidNL, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem van Mechelen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public & Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Brisbane, Australia.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public & Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Fortington LV, van der Worp H, van den Akker-Scheek I, Finch CF. Reporting Multiple Individual Injuries in Studies of Team Ball Sports: A Systematic Review of Current Practice. Sports Med 2018; 47:1103-1122. [PMID: 27785773 PMCID: PMC5432578 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background To identify and prioritise targets for injury prevention efforts, injury incidence studies are widely reported. The accuracy and consistency in calculation and reporting of injury incidence is crucial. Many individuals experience more than one injury but multiple injuries are not consistently reported in sport injury incidence studies. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate current practice of how multiple injuries within individuals have been defined and reported in prospective, long-term, injury studies in team ball sports. Data Sources A systematic search of three online databases for articles published before 2016. Study Selection Publications were included if (1) they collected prospective data on musculoskeletal injuries in individual participants; (2) the study duration was >1 consecutive calendar year/season; and (3) individuals were the unit of analysis. Data Extraction Key study features were summarised, including definitions of injury, how multiple individual injuries were reported and results relating to multiple injuries. Results Of the 71 publications included, half did not specifically indicate multiple individual injuries; those that did were largely limited to reporting recurrent injuries. Eight studies reported the number/proportion of athletes with more than one injury, and 11 studies presented the mean/number of injuries per athlete. Conclusions Despite it being relatively common to collect data on individuals across more than one season, the reporting of multiple injuries within individuals is much more limited. Ultimately, better addressing of multiple injuries will improve the accuracy of injury incidence studies and enable more precise targeting and monitoring of the effectiveness of preventive interventions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0637-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Fortington
- Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, SMB Campus, PO Box 663, Ballarat, VIC, 3353, Australia.
| | - Henk van der Worp
- Center for Sports Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge van den Akker-Scheek
- Center for Sports Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline F Finch
- Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, SMB Campus, PO Box 663, Ballarat, VIC, 3353, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Comyns T, Hannon A. Strength and Conditioning Coaches' Application of the Session Rating of Perceived Exertion Method of Monitoring within Professional Rugby Union. J Hum Kinet 2018; 61:155-166. [PMID: 29599868 PMCID: PMC5873345 DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) is a method of monitoring and managing training loads. The purpose of this study was to research how and for what purpose strength and conditioning (S&C) coaches implement this monitoring method within professional rugby union. The study also aimed to assess if S&C coaches found this monitoring method to be valid and effective. An online survey containing 24 fixed response questions was used to assess how S&C coaches applied the session-RPE method. The survey was piloted with expert researchers and practitioners in the area of session-RPE prior to distribution and alterations were made to the survey based on the experts' feedback. Twenty S&C coaches working with professional rugby union clubs in Ireland, England, Scotland and Wales completed the survey. The coaches' responses indicated that the majority found the session-RPE to be a valid and effective monitoring method. While some good implementation practices were identified, not all of the coaches adhered to these guidelines which may impact on the accuracy of the collected data. For example, 30% of coaches do not collect the RPE for every session that a player does per week limiting the use of the session-RPE variables cumulative training load, training monotony, training strain and acute:chronic load ratio. S&C coaches within rugby should consider using session-RPE as a method of monitoring and implement the method in a manner reflective of research findings to enhance the potential applications of this system in maximising adaptations and minimising the risk of injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Comyns
- Department of Physcial Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Aoife Hannon
- Department of Physcial Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Finch CF, Staines C. Guidance for sports injury surveillance: the 20-year influence of the Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary. Inj Prev 2017; 24:372-380. [PMID: 29282213 PMCID: PMC6173824 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Injury prevention requires information about how, why, where and when injuries occur. The Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary (ASIDD) was developed to guide sports injury data collection and reporting. Sports Medicine Australia (SMA) disseminated associated data collection forms and an online tool to practitioners and the sports community. This paper assesses the long-term value, usefulness and relevance of the ASIDD and SMA tools. Methods A systematic search strategy identified both peer-reviewed and grey literature that used the ASIDD and/or the SMA tools, during 1997–2016. A text-based search was conducted within 10 electronic databases, as well as a Google Image search for the SMA tools. Documents were categorised according to ASIDD use as: (1) collected injury data; (2) informed data coding; (3) developed an injury data collection tool and/or (4) reference only. Results Of the 36 peer-reviewed articles, 83% directly referred to ASIDD and 17% mentioned SMA tools. ASIDD was mainly used for data coding (42%), reference (36%), data collection (17%) or resource development (14%). In contrast, 86% of 66 grey literature sources referenced, used or modified the SMA data collection forms. Conclusions The ASIDD boasts a long history of use and relevance. Its ongoing use by practitioners has been facilitated by the ready availability of specific data collection forms by SMA for them to apply to directly their settings. Injury prevention practitioners can be strongly engaged in injury surveillance activities when formal guidance is supported by user-friendly tools directly relevant to their settings and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F Finch
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carolyn Staines
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP), Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Crossway AK, Games KE, Eberman LE, Fleming N. Orchard Sports Injury Classification System 10.1 Plus: An End-User Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2017; 10:284-293. [PMID: 28344740 PMCID: PMC5360368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish the level of ease of use and effectiveness of the Orchard Sport Injury Classification System (OSICS) 10.1 Plus for recording injuries and interventions. Three hundred and forty-two (males=148, females=192, no response=2; age=30.9±9.5y; experience=9.1±10.5y) athletic trainers (ATs) in the United States completed the survey. Participants were primarily employed in the secondary school (n=135) or collegiate setting (n=171). Participants entered system includes the OSICS 10.1 to catalog injuries and Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes to document interventions. Participants completed an 18-item end-user evaluation to assess the ease of use and effectiveness of the OSICS 10.1 Plus (5-point Likert scale). Participants indicated that the OSICS 10.1 Plus is overall easy to use (4.1±0.7pts), easy to enter an injury (4.1±0.8pts), and easy to enter the associated interventions (3.9±0.8pts). Respondents were neutral about whether the OSICS 10.1 Plus matched their current injury (3.5±1.0pts) or intervention (3.5±0.9pts) records. A majority of participants indicated that they could find the injury (281/342, 82.2%) and interventions (225/342, 65.8%) of interest. A majority of respondents (205/342, 60.0%) indicated they would consider using OSICS 10.1 Plus for injury surveillance in clinical practice. The OSICS 10.1 Plus could serve as an effective and useful mechanism for injury surveillance with minor modifications; however, we, as professionals in sports healthcare, need to improve regular medical documentation first so that we are better able to conduct injury surveillance among our patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley K Crossway
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth E Games
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
| | - Lindsey E Eberman
- Department of Applied Medicine and Rehabilitation, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN, USA
| | - Neil Fleming
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Casals M, Finch CF. Sports Biostatistician: a critical member of all sports science and medicine teams for injury prevention. Inj Prev 2016; 23:423-427. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2016-042211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
37
|
Ekegren CL, Gabbe BJ, Finch CF. Sports Injury Surveillance Systems: A Review of Methods and Data Quality. Sports Med 2016; 46:49-65. [PMID: 26423419 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-015-0410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Data from sports injury surveillance systems are a prerequisite to the development and evaluation of injury prevention strategies. This review aimed to identify ongoing sports injury surveillance systems and determine whether there are gaps in our understanding of injuries in certain sport settings. A secondary aim was to determine which of the included surveillance systems have evaluated the quality of their data, a key factor in determining their usefulness. METHODS A systematic search was carried out to identify (1) publications presenting methodological details of sports injury surveillance systems within clubs and organisations; and (2) publications describing quality evaluations and the quality of data from these systems. Data extracted included methodological details of the surveillance systems, methods used to evaluate data quality, and results of these evaluations. RESULTS Following literature search and review, a total of 15 sports injury surveillance systems were identified. Data relevant to each aim were summarised descriptively. Most systems were found to exist within professional and elite sports. Publications concerning data quality were identified for seven (47%) systems. Validation of system data through comparison with alternate sources has been undertaken for only four systems (27%). CONCLUSIONS This review identified a shortage of ongoing injury surveillance data from amateur and community sport settings and limited information about the quality of data in professional and elite settings. More surveillance systems are needed across a range of sport settings, as are standards for data quality reporting. These efforts will enable better monitoring of sports injury trends and the development of sports safety strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Ekegren
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Belinda J Gabbe
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Alfred Centre, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- Australian Centre for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, 3353, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Fagher K, Jacobsson J, Timpka T, Dahlström Ö, Lexell J. The Sports-Related Injuries and Illnesses in Paralympic Sport Study (SRIIPSS): a study protocol for a prospective longitudinal study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2016; 8:28. [PMID: 27579170 PMCID: PMC5004301 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-016-0053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paralympic sport provides sporting opportunities for athletes with a disability, with the Paralympic Games as the main event. Participation in sport is, however, associated with a significant risk for sustaining injuries and illnesses. Our knowledge of sports-related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sport is very limited and there are no large-scale epidemiological cohort studies. The purpose here is to present a protocol for a prospective longitudinal study: The Sports-Related Injuries and Illnesses in Paralympic Sport Study (SRIIPSS). METHODS/DESIGN An argument-based method for investigation of design problems was used to structure the study protocol. The primary requirement of the protocol is to allow prospective studies over time and include exposure to both training and competition. To reflect the complexity of Paralympic sport with athletes' pre-existing impairments, use of assistive equipment, pain and other and medical issues, it is required that the data collection system is specifically adapted to Paralympic sport. To allow the collection of data, at the same time as there is limited access to coaches and medical personnel, it is advantageous that data can be collected online directly from the athletes. Based on this a self-report athlete monitoring system will be developed, where the athletes can enter data weekly via their mobile phones or lap-tops. Data will be collected from around 100 Swedish Paralympic athletes for approximately 1 year, which will allow us to i) prospectively estimate the annual incidence of sports-related injuries and illnesses and ii) explore risk factors and mechanisms for sustaining sports-related injuries and illnesses based on athlete exposure and training loads. DISCUSSION For effective implementation of injury and illness prevention measures, comprehensive epidemiological knowledge is required. This study will be the first prospective longitudinal self-report study of sports-related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sport over a longer period of time. The results will eventually contribute to the development of evidence-based preventive measures specifically adapted to Paralympic sport in order to provide safe and healthy sport participation. Thereby, the project will be of relevance for Paralympic athletes at all levels and to the Paralympic Movement. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02788500; Registration date: 22 May 2016).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Fagher
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, PO Box 157, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Jacobsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Örjan Dahlström
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden ; Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Lexell
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, PO Box 157, 221 00 Lund, Sweden ; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden ; Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fortington LV, Finch CF. Priorities for injury prevention in women's Australian football: a compilation of national data from different sources. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2016; 2:e000101. [PMID: 27900171 PMCID: PMC5117074 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Participation in Australian football (AF) has traditionally been male dominated and current understanding of injury and priorities for prevention are based solely on reports of injuries in male players. There is evidence in other sports that indicates that injury types differ between males and females. With increasing participation in AF by females, it is important to consider their specific injury and prevention needs. This study aimed to provide a first injury profile from existing sources for female AF. Methods Compilation of injury data from four prospectively recorded data sets relating to female AF: (1) hospital admissions in Victoria, 2008/09–13/14, n=500 injuries; (2) emergency department (ED) presentations in Victoria, 2008/09–2012/13, n=1,879 injuries; (3) insurance claims across Australia 2004–2013, n=522 injuries; (4) West Australian Women's Football League (WAWFL), 2014 season club data, n=49 injuries. Descriptive results are presented as injury frequencies, injury types and injury to body parts. Results Hospital admissions and ED presentations were dominated by upper limb injuries, representing 47% and 51% of all injuries, respectively, primarily to the wrist/hand at 32% and 40%. Most (65%) insurance claim injuries involved the lower limb, 27% of which were for knee ligament damage. A high proportion of concussions (33%) were reported in the club-collected data. Conclusions The results provide the first compilation of existing data sets of women's AF injuries and highlight the need for a rigorous and systematic injury surveillance system to be instituted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren V Fortington
- Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP) , Federation University Australia , Ballarat, Victoria , Australia
| | - Caroline F Finch
- Australian Collaboration for Research into Injury in Sport and its Prevention (ACRISP) , Federation University Australia , Ballarat, Victoria , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Saw AE, Main LC, Gastin PB. Impact of Sport Context and Support on the Use of a Self-Report Measure for Athlete Monitoring. J Sports Sci Med 2015; 14:732-739. [PMID: 26664269 PMCID: PMC4657415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Athlete self-report measures (ASRM) are a popular method of athlete monitoring in high-performance sports. With increasing recognition and accessibility, ASRM may potentially be utilized by athletes from diverse sport contexts. The purpose of the present study was to improve understanding of ASRM implementation across different sport contexts by observing uptake and compliance of a newly implemented ASRM over 16 weeks, and investigating the perceived roles and factors influencing implementation. Athletes (n=131) completed an electronic survey at baseline and week 16 on their perceptions and experiences with ASRM implementation respectively. Despite initial interest, only 70 athletes attempted to use the ASRM. Of these athletes, team sport athletes who were supported by their coach or sports program to use the ASRM were most compliant (p < 0.001) with a mean compliance of 84 ± 21 %. Compliance for self-directed individual and team sport athletes was 28 ± 40 % and 8 ± 18 % respectively. Self-directed athletes were motivated to monitor themselves, and rated desired content and minimal burden as key factors for initial and ongoing compliance. Supported athletes were primarily motivated to comply for the benefit of their coach or sports program rather than themselves, however rated data output as a key factor for their continued use. Factors of the measure outweighed those of the social environment regardless of sport context, however the influence of social environmental factors should not be discounted. The findings of the present study demonstrate the impact of sport context on the implementation of an ASRM and the need to tailor implementation strategies accordingly. Key pointsAthletes perceive ASRM and the factors influencing implementation differently. Therefore, to encourage compliance, it is important to tailor implementation strategies to the athlete and their sport context to increase appeal and minimize unappealing factors.Athletes using an ASRM on their own accord typically favor a measure which meets their needs and interests, with minimal burden.Athletes using an ASRM under the direction and support of their coach or sports program typically favor feedback and a positive social environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Saw
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science, Deakin University , Australia
| | - Luana C Main
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, Deakin University , Australia
| | - Paul B Gastin
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science, Deakin University , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ekegren CL, Gabbe BJ, Donaldson A, Cook J, Lloyd D, Finch CF. Injuries in community-level Australian football: Results from a club-based injury surveillance system. J Sci Med Sport 2015; 18:651-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
42
|
Saw AE, Main LC, Gastin PB. Monitoring athletes through self-report: factors influencing implementation. J Sports Sci Med 2015; 14:137-146. [PMID: 25729301 PMCID: PMC4306765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring athletic preparation facilitates the evaluation and adjustment of practices to optimize performance outcomes. Self-report measures such as questionnaires and diaries are suggested to be a simple and cost-effective approach to monitoring an athlete's response to training, however their efficacy is dependent on how they are implemented and used. This study sought to identify the perceived factors influencing the implementation of athlete self-report measures (ASRM) in elite sport settings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with athletes, coaches and sports science and medicine staff at a national sporting institute (n = 30). Interviewees represented 20 different sports programs and had varying experience with ASRM. Purported factors influencing the implementation of ASRM related to the measure itself (e.g., accessibility, timing of completion), and the social environment (e.g., buy-in, reinforcement). Social environmental factors included individual, inter-personal and organizational levels which is consistent with a social ecological framework. An adaptation of this framework was combined with the factors associated with the measure to illustrate the inter-relations and influence upon compliance, data accuracy and athletic outcomes. To improve implementation of ASRM and ultimately athletic outcomes, a multi-factorial and multi-level approach is needed. Key pointsEffective implementation of a self-report measure for monitoring athletes requires a multi-factorial and multi-level approach which addresses the particular measure used and the surrounding social environment.A well-designed self-report measure should obtain quality data with minimal burden on athletes and staff.A supportive social environment involves buy-in and coordination of all parties, at both an individual and organization level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Saw
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University , Victoria, Australia
| | - Luana C Main
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University , Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul B Gastin
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University , Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|