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Custodio E, Herrador Z, Trigo E, Romay-Barja M, Ramirez F, Aguado I, Iraizoz E, Silva-Gerardo A, Faria ML, Martin-Cañavate R, Marques T, Vargas A, Gómez A, Molina I. Nutrition supplementation plus standard of care versus standard of care alone or standard of care plus unconditional cash transfer in the prevention of chronic malnutrition in Southern Angola: study protocol for the MuCCUA study, a cluster randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:429. [PMID: 38341528 PMCID: PMC10858546 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic malnutrition is a condition associated with negative impacts on physical and cognitive development. It is multi-causal and can start very early in life, already in utero, thus it is especially challenging to find appropriate interventions to tackle it. The government of Angola is implementing a standard of care program with potential to prevent it, and the provision of cash transfers and the supplementation with small quantity lipid-based nutrients (SQ-LNS) are also promising interventions. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the standard of care program alone and of the standard of care plus a cash transfer intervention in the lineal growth of children less than 2 years old and compare it to the effectiveness of a nutrition supplementation plus standard of care program in Southern Angola. METHODS/DESIGN The three-arm parallel cluster randomised controlled trial is set in four communes of Huila and Cunene provinces. Clusters are villages or neighbourhoods with a population around 1075 people. A total of twelve clusters were selected per arm and forty pregnant women are expected to be recruited in each cluster. Pregnant women receive the standard of care alone, or the standard of care plus unconditional cash transfer or plus nutritional supplementation during the first 1000 days, from pregnancy to the child reaching 24 months. The primary outcome is the prevalence of stunting measured as height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) < -2 in children below 2 years. Impact will be assessed at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of children's age. Secondary outcomes include mortality, morbidity, caring, hygiene and nutrition behaviours and practices, and women and children's dietary diversity. Quantitative data are also collected on women's empowerment, household food security, expenditure and relevant clinical and social events at baseline, endline and intermediate time points. DISCUSSION The results will provide valuable information on the impact of the standard of care intervention alone as well as combined with an unconditional cash transfer intervention compared to a nutrition supplementation plus standard of care intervention, carried out during the first 1000 days, in the children´s growth up to 2 years and related outcomes in Southern Angola. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials NCT05571280. Registered 7 October 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Custodio
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Z Herrador
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - E Trigo
- Tropical Medicine Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - M Romay-Barja
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - F Ramirez
- Tropical Medicine Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - I Aguado
- Tropical Medicine Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - E Iraizoz
- Action Against Hunger Spain, C/Duque de Sevilla 3, Madrid, 28002, Spain
| | - A Silva-Gerardo
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Mandume Ya Ndemufayo, Bairro Comercial, Avenida Hoji Ya Haenda nº30, caixa postal 201, Lubango, Huíla, Angola
| | - M L Faria
- Fundo Apoio Social-Local Development Institute, Avenida Pedro de Castro Vandunem, Luanda, Angola
| | - R Martin-Cañavate
- Centro Nacional de Medicina Tropical, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avda. Monforte de Lemos, 3, Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - T Marques
- Tropical Medicine Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - A Vargas
- Action Against Hunger Spain, C/Duque de Sevilla 3, Madrid, 28002, Spain
| | - A Gómez
- Action Against Hunger Spain, C/Duque de Sevilla 3, Madrid, 28002, Spain
| | - I Molina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas, (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Tropical Medicine Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
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Tronstad O, Patterson S, Sutt AL, Pearse I, Hay K, Liu K, Sato K, Koga Y, Matsuoka A, Hongo T, Rätsep I, Fraser JF, Flaws D. A protocol of an international validation study to assess the clinical accuracy of the eDIS-ICU delirium screening tool. Aust Crit Care 2023; 36:1043-1049. [PMID: 37003849 DOI: 10.1016/j.aucc.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is a common, yet underdiagnosed neuropsychiatric complication of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Delirium can be difficult to diagnose, with gold standard assessments by a trained specialist being impractical and rarely performed. To address this, various tools have been developed, enabling bedside clinicians to assess for delirium efficiently and accurately. However, the performance of these tools varies depending on factors including the assessor's training. To address the shortcomings of current tools, electronic tools have been developed. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aims of this validation study are to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and generalisability of a recently developed and pilot-tested electronic delirium screening tool (eDIS-ICU) and compare diagnostic concordance, sensitivity, and specificity between eDIS-ICU, Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU), and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - 5th edition (DSM-V) gold standard in diverse ICU settings. METHODS Seven hundred participants will be recruited across five sites in three countries. Participants will complete three assessments (eDIS-ICU, CAM-ICU, and DSM-V) twice within one 24-h period. At each time point, assessments will be completed within one hour. Assessments will be administered by three different people at any given time point, with the assessment order and assessor for eDIS-ICU and CAM-ICU randomly allocated. Assessors will be blinded to previous and concurrent assessment results. RESULTS The primary outcome is comparing diagnostic sensitivity of eDIS-ICU and CAM-ICU against the DSM-V. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE This protocol describes a definitive validation study of an electronic diagnostic tool to assess for delirium in the ICU. Delirium remains a common and difficult challenge in the ICU and is linked with multiple neurocognitive sequelae. Various challenges to routine assessment mean many cases are still unrecognised or misdiagnosed. An improved ability for bedside clinicians to screen for delirium accurately and efficiently will support earlier diagnosis, identification of underlying cause(s) and timely treatments, and ultimately improved patient outcomes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This study was prospectively registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) on 8th February 2022 (ACTRN12622000220763).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oystein Tronstad
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Adult Intensive Care Services, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Physiotherapy Department, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Sue Patterson
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Anna-Liisa Sutt
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - India Pearse
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute QLD, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | - Karen Hay
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Keibun Liu
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Kei Sato
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Yuji Koga
- Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kawasaki, Japan; Kawasaki Medical School Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan.
| | | | - Takashi Hongo
- Department of Emergency, Critical Care, and Disaster Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Indrek Rätsep
- Department of Intensive Care, North Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - John F Fraser
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Dylan Flaws
- Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Metro North Mental Health, Caboolture Hospital, Queensland, Australia; School of Clinical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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3
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Simkovich SM, Hossen S, McCollum ED, Toenjes AK, McCracken JP, Thompson LM, Castañaza A, Diaz A, Rosa G, Kirby MA, Mukeshimana A, Myers R, Lenzen PM, Craik R, Jabbarzadeh S, Elon L, Garg SS, Balakrishnan K, Thangavel G, Peel JL, Clasen TF, Dávila-Román VG, Papageorghiou AT, de Las Fuentes L, Checkley W. Lung Ultrasound Protocol and Quality Control of Image Interpretation Using an Adjudication Panel in the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Trial. Ultrasound Med Biol 2023; 49:1194-1201. [PMID: 36801180 PMCID: PMC10631486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lung ultrasound (LUS) is an alternative to chest radiography to confirm a diagnosis of pneumonia. For research and disease surveillance, methods to use LUS to diagnose pneumonia are needed. METHODS In the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial, LUS was used to confirm a clinical diagnosis of severe pneumonia in infants. We developed a standardized definition of pneumonia, protocols for recruitment and training of sonographers, along with LUS image acquisition and interpretation. We use a blinded panel approach to interpretation with LUS cine-loops randomized to non-scanning sonographers with expert review. DISCUSSION We obtained 357 lung ultrasound scans: 159, 8 and 190 scans were collected in Guatemala, Peru and Rwanda, respectively. The diagnosis of primary endpoint pneumonia (PEP) required an expert tie breaker in 181 scans (39%). PEP was diagnosed in 141 scans (40%), not diagnosed in 213 (60%), with 3 scans (<1%) deemed uninterpretable. Agreement among the two blinded sonographers and the expert reader in Guatemala, Peru and Rwanda was 65%, 62% and 67%, with a prevalence-and-bias-corrected kappa of 0.30, 0.24 and 0.33, respectively. CONCLUSION Use of standardized imaging protocols, training and an adjudication panel resulted in high confidence for the diagnosis of pneumonia using LUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Simkovich
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Healthcare Delivery, MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shakir Hossen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric D McCollum
- Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Global Program on Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley K Toenjes
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John P McCracken
- Global Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Lisa M Thompson
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adly Castañaza
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Anaite Diaz
- Center for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Ghislaine Rosa
- Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Miles A Kirby
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rachel Myers
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patricia M Lenzen
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel Craik
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shirin Jabbarzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa Elon
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sarada S Garg
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air Quality, Climate and Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research (Deemed University), Chennai, India
| | - Kalpana Balakrishnan
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air Quality, Climate and Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research (Deemed University), Chennai, India
| | - Gurusamy Thangavel
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air Quality, Climate and Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research (Deemed University), Chennai, India
| | - Jennifer L Peel
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Thomas F Clasen
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victor G Dávila-Román
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aris T Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa de Las Fuentes
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William Checkley
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Ouattara CA, Poda AG, Méda ZC, Sawadogo Y, Kabore O, Birba E, Sourabié A, Zoungrana J, Traore IT, Sangaré I, Ymba A, Godreuil S, Ouedraogo AS. Evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 in people coinfected with HIV and/or tuberculosis in low-income countries: study protocol for mixed methods research in Burkina Faso. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:108. [PMID: 36814211 PMCID: PMC9944836 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An issue of particular concern is the impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019 nCOV) on the people coinfected with the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) and/or tuberculosis (TB). Unfortunately, this interaction has not been well explored in African despite the large proportion of these risk populations living with HIV and/or patients and/or tuberculosis (TB) in the African region. This study aims to design a research protocol for assessment of the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on these risk populations in response to COVID-19 strategic plans in Burkina Faso by generating serological, epidemiological, virological, clinical and socio-anthropological evidence-based data. METHODS A multidisciplinary research will be conducted in the city of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso using mixed methods. Data will be collected from a cohort of people living with HIV and/or TB patients in the city (i) to determine the proportion of people with specific antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using retrospective data ; (ii) to determine the proportion of people infected with Covid-19 and the dynamics of viral loads and antibodies in these people based on prospective data; (iii) to identify circulating SARS-COV-2 variants and novel biomarkers using prospective data ; (iv) to analyze perceptions, community experiences and response strategies during the public health emergencies imposed by COVID-19 through a qualitative study. DISCUSSION This study will generate factual and comprehensive data that will contribute in improving response strategies to COVID-19 and the other possible emerging diseases with keen interest on the risk populations living with HIV and/or TB infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheick Ahmed Ouattara
- Laboratoire des Pathogènes Émergents et Re émergents, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. .,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro SANOU, Bobo-dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
| | - Armel G Poda
- grid.442667.50000 0004 0474 2212Laboratoire des Pathogènes Émergents et Re émergents, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro SANOU, Bobo-dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Ziemlé Clément Méda
- grid.442667.50000 0004 0474 2212Laboratoire des Pathogènes Émergents et Re émergents, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro SANOU, Bobo-dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Yacouba Sawadogo
- grid.442667.50000 0004 0474 2212Laboratoire des Pathogènes Émergents et Re émergents, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Odilon Kabore
- grid.442667.50000 0004 0474 2212Laboratoire des Pathogènes Émergents et Re émergents, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro SANOU, Bobo-dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Emile Birba
- grid.442667.50000 0004 0474 2212Laboratoire des Pathogènes Émergents et Re émergents, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro SANOU, Bobo-dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Adama Sourabié
- grid.442667.50000 0004 0474 2212Laboratoire des Pathogènes Émergents et Re émergents, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro SANOU, Bobo-dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Jacques Zoungrana
- grid.442667.50000 0004 0474 2212Laboratoire des Pathogènes Émergents et Re émergents, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro SANOU, Bobo-dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Isidore Tiandiogo Traore
- grid.442667.50000 0004 0474 2212Laboratoire des Pathogènes Émergents et Re émergents, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ,grid.418128.60000 0004 0564 1122Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ,grid.442667.50000 0004 0474 2212Institut Supérieur des Sciences de la Santé, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Ibrahim Sangaré
- grid.442667.50000 0004 0474 2212Laboratoire des Pathogènes Émergents et Re émergents, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro SANOU, Bobo-dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Awa Ymba
- grid.442667.50000 0004 0474 2212Laboratoire des Pathogènes Émergents et Re émergents, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Sylvain Godreuil
- grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France ,grid.157868.50000 0000 9961 060XCentre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Abdoul-Salam Ouedraogo
- grid.442667.50000 0004 0474 2212Laboratoire des Pathogènes Émergents et Re émergents, Université Nazi BONI, Bobo- Dioulasso, Burkina Faso ,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Souro SANOU, Bobo-dioulasso, Burkina Faso ,grid.418128.60000 0004 0564 1122Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
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Riberholt CG, Olsen MH, Berg RMG, Møller K. Mobilising patients with severe acquired brain injury in intensive care (MAWERIC) - Protocol for a randomised cross-over trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 116:106738. [PMID: 35331944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the early phase after severe brain injury, patients are often bedridden in an attempt to control intracranial homeostasis; however, prolonged immobilisation may trigger complications. There is limited knowledge about the physiological effects of mobilisation in this early phase. OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in brain tissue oxygen tension when patients are mobilised using a Sara Combilizer® in the early phase after severe brain injury, in a randomised cross-over design. METHODS Patients with traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid haemorrhage or intracranial haematoma, will be randomised to early mobilisation or rest (no mobilisation = control) on the first day that the patient is deemed to be fit for mobilisation, and the opposite on the next day. On both days, patients will undergo continuous multimodal monitoring measuring brain tissue oxygen tension (primary outcome), invasive blood pressure, heart rate, middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity by transcranial Doppler ultrasound, intracranial pressure, and microdialysis markers of cerebral oxidative metabolism. DISCUSSION Intensive care unit patients with acute brain injury are frequently immobilised in the early phase after the ictus. The optimal timing and intensity of mobilisation is unknown. The present study attempts to establish if early mobilisation is safe with respect to intracranial homeostasis. Protocol version 1.1. Date: 19.02.2022. Ethical registration: H-21002728; approved on August 11, 2021. GDPR registration: P-2021 - 105; approved on February 10, 2021. CLINICALTRIALS govidentifier:NCT05038930; approved on September 8, 2021. Electronic case report file: REDCap-database; created on August 13, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gunge Riberholt
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Traumatic Brain Injury, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
| | - Markus Harboe Olsen
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ronan M G Berg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Centre for Physical Activity Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Møller
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology, The Neuroscience Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Røyset I, Saltvedt I, Rostoft S, Grønberg BH, Kirkevold Ø, Oldervoll L, Bye A, Benth JŠ, Bergh S, Melby L, Halsteinli V, Døhl Ø, Røsstad T, Eriksen GF, Sollid MIV, Rolfson D, Slaaen M. Geriatric assessment with management for older patients with cancer receiving radiotherapy. Protocol of a Norwegian cluster-randomised controlled pilot study. J Geriatr Oncol 2021:S1879-4068(21)00247-2. [PMID: 34776384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
About 50% of patients with cancer are expected to need radiotherapy (RT), and the majority of these are older. To improve outcomes for older patients with cancer, geriatric assessment (GA) with management (GAM) is highly recommended. Evidence for its benefits is still scarce, in particular for patients receiving RT. We report the protocol of a cluster-randomised pilot study designed to test the effect, feasibility and health economic impact of a GAM intervention for patients ≥65 years, referred for palliative or curative RT. The randomising units are municipalities and city districts. The intervention is municipality-based and carried out in collaboration between hospital and municipal health services from the start of RT to eight weeks after the end of RT. Its main constituents are an initial GA followed by measures adapted to individual patients' impairments and needs, systematic symptom assessments and regular follow-up by municipal cancer nurses, appointed to coordinate the patient's care. Follow-up includes at least one weekly phone call, and a house call four weeks after the end of RT. All patients receive an individually adapted physical exercise program and nutritional counselling. Detailed guidelines for management of patients' impairments are provided. Patients allocated to the intervention group will be compared to controls receiving standard care. The primary outcome is physical function assessed by the European Organisation of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C-30. Secondary outcomes are global quality of life, objectively tested physical performance and use of health care services. Economic evaluation will be based on a comparison of costs and effects (measured by the main outcome measures). Feasibility will be assessed with mixed methodology, based on log notes and questionnaires filled in by the municipal nurses and interviews with patients and nurses. The study is carried out at two Norwegian RT centres. It was opened in May 2019. Follow-up will proceed until June 2022. Statistical analyses will start by the end of 2021. We expect the trial to provide important new knowledge about the effect, feasibility and costs of a GAM intervention for older patients receiving RT. Trial registration: ClinTrials.gov, ID NCT03881137, initial release 13th of March 2019.
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Evans EA, Stopka TJ, Pivovarova E, Murphy SM, Taxman FS, Ferguson WJ, Bernson D, Santelices C, McCollister KE, Hoskinson R, Lincoln T, Friedmann PD. Massachusetts Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (MassJCOIN). J Subst Abuse Treat 2021; 128:108275. [PMID: 33483222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A major driver of the U.S. opioid crisis is limited access to effective medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) that reduce overdose risks. Traditionally, jails and prisons in the U.S. have not initiated or maintained MOUD for incarcerated individuals with OUD prior to their return to the community, which places them at high risk for fatal overdose. A 2018 law (Chapter 208) made Massachusetts (MA) the first state to mandate that five county jails deliver all FDA-approved MOUDs (naltrexone [NTX], buprenorphine [BUP], and methadone). Chapter 208 established a 4-year pilot program to expand access to all FDA-approved forms of MOUD at five jails, with two more MA jails voluntarily joining this initiative. The law stipulates that MOUD be continued for individuals receiving it prior to detention and be initiated prior to release among sentenced individuals where appropriate. The jails must also facilitate continuation of MOUD in the community on release. The Massachusetts Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network (MassJCOIN) partnered with these seven diverse jails, the MA Department of Public Health, and community treatment providers to conduct a Type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation study of Chapter 208. We will: (1) Perform a longitudinal treatment outcome study among incarcerated individuals with OUD who receive NTX, BUP, methadone, or no MOUD in jail to examine postrelease MOUD initiation, engagement, and retention, as well as fatal and nonfatal opioid overdose and recidivism; (2) Conduct an implementation study to understand systemic and contextual factors that facilitate and impede delivery of MOUDs in jail and community care coordination, and strategies that optimize MOUD delivery in jail and for coordinating care with community partners; (3) Calculate the cost to the correctional system of implementing MOUD in jail, and conduct an economic evaluation from state policy-maker and societal perspectives to compare the value of MOUD prior to release from jail to no MOUD among matched controls. MassJCOIN made significant progress during its first six months until the COVID-19 pandemic began in March 2020. Participating jail sites restricted access for nonessential personnel, established other COVID-19 mitigation policies, and modified MOUD programming. MassJCOIN adapted research activities to this new reality in an effort to document and account for the impacts of COVID-19 in relation to each aim. The goal remains to produce findings with direct implications for policy and practice for OUD in criminal justice settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Evans
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 312 Arnold House, 715 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America.
| | - Thomas J Stopka
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, United States of America
| | - Ekaterina Pivovarova
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School and Massachusetts Center of Excellence for Specialty Courts, Worcester, MA, United States of America; Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, United States of America
| | - Sean M Murphy
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, 425 East 61st Street, Suite 301, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - Faye S Taxman
- Center for Advancing Correctional Excellence, George Mason University, 4087 University Drive, 4100, MSN6D3, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States of America
| | - Warren J Ferguson
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, United States of America.
| | - Dana Bernson
- Massachusetts Department of Public Health, 250 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02108, United States of America
| | - Claudia Santelices
- Urban Health Research and Practice, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kathryn E McCollister
- Soffer Clinical Research Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14(th) Street, Suite 1019, Miami, FL 33136, United States of America.
| | - Randall Hoskinson
- University of Massachusetts Medical School - Baystate, Springfield, MA, United States of America
| | - Thomas Lincoln
- University of Massachusetts Medical School - Baystate, Springfield, MA, United States of America
| | - Peter D Friedmann
- University of Massachusetts Medical School - Baystate, Springfield, MA, United States of America.
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Rodríguez LA, Barquera S, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Sepúlveda-Amor J, Sánchez-Romero LM, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Balderas N, Moreno-Loaeza L, Handley MA, Basu S, López-Arellano O, Gallardo-Hernández A, Schillinger D. Design of a cluster-randomized trial of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of metformin on prevention of type 2 diabetes among prediabetic Mexican adults (the PRuDENTE initiative of Mexico City). Contemp Clin Trials 2020; 95:106067. [PMID: 32580032 PMCID: PMC7484103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.106067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a global epidemic, and nations are struggling to implement effective healthcare strategies to reduce the burden. While efficacy studies demonstrate that metformin can reduce incident T2D by half among younger, obese adults with prediabetes, its real-world effectiveness are understudied, and its use for T2D prevention in primary care is low. We describe the design of a pragmatic trial to evaluate the incremental effectiveness of metformin, as an adjunct to a simple lifestyle counseling. METHODS The "Prevención de la Diabetes con Ejercicio, Nutrición y Tratamiento" [Diabetes Prevention with Exercise, Nutrition and Treatment; PRuDENTE, (Spanish acronym)] is a cluster-randomized trial in Mexico City's public primary healthcare system. The study randomly assigns 51 clinics to deliver one of two interventions for 36 months: 1) lifestyle only; 2) lifestyle plus metformin, to 3060 patients ages 30-65 with impaired fasting glucose and obesity. The primary endpoint is incident T2D (fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, or HbA1c ≥6.5%). We will also measure a range of implementation-related process outcomes at the clinic-, clinician- and patient-levels to inform interpretations of effectiveness and enable efforts to refine, adapt, adopt and disseminate the model. We will also estimate the cost-effectiveness of metformin as an adjunct to lifestyle counseling in Mexico. DISCUSSION Findings from this pragmatic trial will generate new translational knowledge in Mexico and beyond, both with respect to metformin's real-world effectiveness among an 'at-risk' population, and uncovering facilitators and barriers to the reach, adoption and implementation of metformin preventive therapy in public primary care settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03194009).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Rodríguez
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Simón Barquera
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Division of Nutrition, Salvador Zubiran National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Sepúlveda-Amor
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Nydia Balderas
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Moreno-Loaeza
- Research Unit on Metabolic Diseases, Salvador Zubiran National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Mexico City, Mexico; Medical, Dental and Health Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margaret A Handley
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine at San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sanjay Basu
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dean Schillinger
- Division of General Internal Medicine at San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
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9
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Yelamanchi R, Gupta N, Durga CK. Inimical effects of COVID-19 on surgical residency: Correspondence. Int J Surg 2020; 79:215-216. [PMID: 32522684 PMCID: PMC7834398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Yelamanchi
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India.
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - C K Durga
- Department of Surgery, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, 110001, India
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10
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Tsungmey T, Kim JP, Dunn LB, Ryan K, Lane-McKinley K, Roberts LW. Negative association of perceived risk and willingness to participate in innovative psychiatric research protocols. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 122:9-16. [PMID: 31891880 PMCID: PMC7243412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric researchers grapple with concerns that individuals with mental illness may be less likely to appreciate risks of research participation, particularly compared to people not suffering from mental illness. Therefore, empirical studies that directly compare the perspectives of such individuals are needed. In addition, it is important to evaluate perspectives regarding varied types of research protocols, particularly as innovative psychiatric research protocols emerge. In this pilot study, respondents with a mood disorder (n = 25) as well as respondents without a mood disorder (n = 55) were recruited using Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) platform. These respondents were surveyed regarding four psychiatric research projects (i.e., experimental medication [pill form]; non-invasive magnetic brain stimulation; experimental medication [intravenous infusion]; and implantation of a device in the brain). Regardless of health status, respondents rated the four research protocols as somewhat to highly risky. The brain-device implant protocol was seen as the most risky, while the magnetic brain stimulation project was viewed as "somewhat risky". Respondents, on average and regardless of health status, rated their willingness at or below "somewhat willing." Respondents were least willing to participate in the brain-device implant protocol, whereas they were "somewhat willing" to participate in the magnetic brain stimulation protocol. Trust in medical research was negatively associated with perceived risk of research protocols. Perceived risk was negatively associated with willingness to participate, even when adjusting for potential confounders, suggesting that attunement to risk crosses diagnostic, gender, and ethnic categories, and is more salient to research decision-making than trust in medical research and dispositional optimism. The findings of this study may offer reassurance about the underlying decision-making processes of individuals considering participation in innovative neuroscience studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Tsungmey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-5717
| | - Jane Paik Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-5717.
| | - Laura B Dunn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-5717
| | - Katie Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-5717
| | - Kyle Lane-McKinley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-5717
| | - Laura Weiss Roberts
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA, USA, 94305-5717
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11
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Perez-Rodriguez M, Berea-Baltierra R, Roy-García IA, Palacios-Cruz L, Rivas-Ruiz R. [List of Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 66:474-482. [PMID: 32105428 DOI: 10.29262/ram.v66i4.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ethical principles of a research proposal are not contained only in a paragraph or in the informed consent form; actually, they are an essential part of the whole protocol from the beginning to the end. In a complementary manner to the regulatory and educative documents, our objective in this article is to propose a checklist of questions so researches can ensure they have included the necessary information and precautions to meet the ethical considerations that are required for every research with human beings, which shall be called List of Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. We propose questions that researchers must ask themselves when they compose the background, justification, objectives, research question, hypothesis, selection criteria, sample size calculation, sampling, research design, statistical analysis plan, ethical aspects, publication plan, and references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Perez-Rodriguez
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Coordinación de Investigación en Salud, Centro de Adiestramiento e Investigación Clínica, Ciudad de México, México.
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12
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Mediouni Z, Barlet-Ghaleb C, Zenoni M, Rinaldo M, Grolimund Berset D, Eich S, Danuser B, Krief P. Protocol for evaluating a workplace intervention within the framework of consultations for suffering at work in French-speaking Switzerland. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 15:100400. [PMID: 31312747 PMCID: PMC6609781 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psychosocial suffering involves diverse human, social and economic costs. Some 34.4% of workers in Switzerland report chronic stress related to their jobs. Medical consultations for suffering at work aim to maintain-or renew-patients' abilities to make decisions and act following a diagnosis of psychological suffering related to their work; they also aim to help workers return to their workstations or remain there. Workplace interventions by consulting occupational physicians can go beyond the subjective issues: they can be offered to employees, in anticipation of a return to work when this appears feasible from the outset. Objective To qualitatively evaluate perceptions of workplace interventions and identify their effects by collecting the verbatim statements of employees and their employers. Materials and methods Qualitative single-centre study of workplace interventions conducted by the Consultation Service for Suffering at Work's occupational physicians for patients seen between January 2015 to December 2017. Nineteen workplace interventions took place, out of 184 different consultations. The verbatim statements of employees and their employers will be collected over a variable timeframe, using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. These will then be recorded, transcribed and analysed. Fourteen patients refused the workplace intervention. Their professional path will be collected for comparison and exploratory purposes. Conclusion This exploratory research project will provide a better understanding of the issues surrounding work-related psychological suffering and of which strategies support patients most effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Mediouni
- Department Health Work Environment, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 2 Route de la Corniche, CH-1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Barlet-Ghaleb
- Department Health Work Environment, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 2 Route de la Corniche, CH-1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Zenoni
- Department Health Work Environment, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 2 Route de la Corniche, CH-1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Rinaldo
- Department Health Work Environment, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 2 Route de la Corniche, CH-1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - D Grolimund Berset
- Department Health Work Environment, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 2 Route de la Corniche, CH-1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Eich
- Department Health Work Environment, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 2 Route de la Corniche, CH-1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Danuser
- Department Health Work Environment, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 2 Route de la Corniche, CH-1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Krief
- Department Health Work Environment, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, 2 Route de la Corniche, CH-1066, Epalinges-Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ahmed S, Hasan MZ, Ahmed MW, Dorin F, Sultana M, Islam Z, Mirelman AJ, Rehnberg C, Khan JAM, Chowdhury ME. Evaluating the implementation related challenges of Shasthyo Suroksha Karmasuchi (health protection scheme) of the government of Bangladesh: a study protocol. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:552. [PMID: 30012139 PMCID: PMC6048757 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapidly increasing healthcare costs and the growing burden of non-communicable diseases have increased the out-of-pocket (OOP) spending (63.3% of total health expenditure) in Bangladesh. This increasing OOP spending for healthcare has catastrophic economic impact on households. To reduce this burden, the Health Economics Unit (HEU) of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has developed the Shasthyo Surokhsha Karmasuchi (SSK) health protection scheme for the below-poverty line (BPL) population. The key actors in the scheme are HEU, contracted scheme operator and hospital. Under this scheme, each enrolled household is provided 50,000 BDT (620 USD) coverage per year for healthcare services against a government financed premium of 1000 BDT (12 USD). This initiative faces some challenges e.g., delays in scheme activities, registering the targeted population, low utilization of services, lack of motivation of the providers, and management related difficulties. It is also important to estimate the financial requirement for nationwide scale-up of this project. We aim to identify these implementation-related challenges and provide feedback to the project personnel. METHODS This is a concurrent process documentation using mixed-method approaches. It will be conducted in the rural Kalihati Upazila where the SSK is being implemented. To validate the BPL population selection process, we will estimate the positive predictive value. A community survey will be conducted to assess the knowledge of the card holders about SSK services. From the SSK information management system, numbers of different services utilized by the card holders will be retrieved. Key-informant interviews with personnel from three key actors will be conducted to understand the barriers in the implementation of the project as per plan and gather their suggestions. To estimate the project costs, all inputs to be used will be identified, quantified and valued. The nationwide scale-up cost of the project will be estimated by applying economic modeling. DISCUSSION SSK is the first ever government initiated health protection scheme in Bangladesh. The study findings will enable decision makers to gain a better understanding of the key challenges in implementation of such scheme and provide feedback towards the successful implementation of the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayem Ahmed
- Universal Health Coverage Programme, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. .,Health Economics and Policy Research Group, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Md Zahid Hasan
- Universal Health Coverage Programme, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Wahid Ahmed
- Universal Health Coverage Programme, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Dorin
- Universal Health Coverage Programme, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Marufa Sultana
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.,School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ziaul Islam
- Universal Health Coverage Programme, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
| | | | - Clas Rehnberg
- Health Economics and Policy Research Group, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jahangir A M Khan
- Health Economics and Policy Research Group, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mahbub Elahi Chowdhury
- Universal Health Coverage Programme, Health Systems and Population Studies Division, icddr,b, 68 Shahid Tajuddin Ahmed Sharani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh
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14
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Sambiéni NE. Differences and structural weaknesses of institutional mechanisms for health research ethics: Burkina Faso, Palestine, Peru, and Democratic Republic of the Congo. BMC Med Ethics 2018; 19:47. [PMID: 29945590 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-018-0284-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regardless of national contexts, the institutions responsible for research ethics, founded on international regulations, are all expected to be structured and to operate in a common way. Our experience with several countries on different continents, however, has raised questions in this regard. This article examines the differences and structural weaknesses of ethics committees in four countries (Burkina Faso, Palestine, Peru, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo) where we have conducted the same socio-anthropological study in the field of reproductive health. Methods In addition to recording our observations during field surveys for this study, we performed a documentary review and interviewed expert members of ethics committees, research participants, and researchers who had experience with requesting ethics approvals for research protocols in the field of social sciences and health. Results The results of this study showed that, despite having the same mandate, the committees functioned differently, while they all exhibited the same weaknesses. Thus, the universalization and standardization of institutional conditions for applying ethical standards in research still present problems that are, at the very least, relevant. Conclusion This study on ethics committees in four countries demonstrated the profound influence of context on the ways in which different institutions function and enforce regulations. In effect, in all social fields, every innovation is infused by its context.
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Bontemps S, Barlet-Ghaleb C, Mediouni Z, Besse C, Bonsack C, Wild P, Danuser B. Long title: Protocol for evaluating a Consultation for Suffering at work in French-speaking Switzerland. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2018; 9:71-76. [PMID: 29696227 PMCID: PMC5898518 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psychosocial suffering entails human, social and economic costs. In Switzerland, 34.4% of workers report chronic work-related stress. Our medical Consultation for Suffering at Work aims to preserve—or restore—the patient's capacity to act and make decisions after a diagnosis of work-related psychological suffering; it also aims to help employees get back to or remain at work. Our hypothesis is that the dynamic of the consultation itself and adherence to its medical advice are active factors of these results. Objectives Understand changes in patients' work and health status 12 months after a Consultation for Suffering at Work. Determine the effects of the consultation on health and working status via identified active factors: the consultation dynamic and the ability to adhere to the consultation's advice. Evaluate the consultation's effects qualitatively. Materials and Methods This longitudinal, monocentric study with a quasi-experimental design will include patients consulting between 1 January and 31 December 2018. Changes in patients' work and health status will be analysed using data collected via questionnaires at 0, 3 and 12 months. Qualitative data will be collected via a semi-structured telephone interview 3 months after the consultation. The quantitative part will include 150–170 patients; the qualitative part will include 30. Conclusion This exploratory research project will provide a better understanding of issues of work-related psychological suffering and effective strategies to support patients. The absence of a control group and the impossibility of applying a randomised controlled design are constraints on this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bontemps
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Institute for Work and Health, 2 Route de La Corniche, CH-1066, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Barlet-Ghaleb
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Institute for Work and Health, 2 Route de La Corniche, CH-1066, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zakia Mediouni
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Institute for Work and Health, 2 Route de La Corniche, CH-1066, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Besse
- Community Psychiatric Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 18 Place Chauderon, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles Bonsack
- Community Psychiatric Service, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 18 Place Chauderon, CH-1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Wild
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Institute for Work and Health, 2 Route de La Corniche, CH-1066, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.,INRS, 60027 54519 Cedex, Rue du Morvan, F-54500, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Brigitta Danuser
- Occupational Medicine Unit, Institute for Work and Health, 2 Route de La Corniche, CH-1066, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
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16
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Huybregts L, Becquey E, Zongrone A, Le Port A, Khassanova R, Coulibaly L, Leroy JL, Rawat R, Ruel MT. The impact of integrated prevention and treatment on child malnutrition and health: the PROMIS project, a randomized control trial in Burkina Faso and Mali. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:237. [PMID: 28274214 PMCID: PMC5343313 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence suggests that both preventive and curative nutrition interventions are needed to tackle child acute malnutrition (AM) in developing countries. In addition to reducing the incidence of AM, providing preventive interventions may also help increase attendance (and coverage) of AM screening, a major constraint in the community-based management of child acute malnutrition (CMAM) model. There is a paucity of evidence-based strategies to deliver integrated preventive and curative interventions effectively and affordably at scale. The aim of the Innovative Approaches for the Prevention of Childhood Malnutrition (PROMIS) study is to assess the feasibility, quality of implementation, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an integrated child malnutrition prevention and treatment intervention package implemented through a community-based platform in Mali and a facility-based platform in Burkina Faso. Methods/Design The PROMIS intervention entails a comprehensive preventive package offered on a monthly basis to caregivers of children, while children are screened for acute malnutrition (AM). The package consists of behavior change communication on essential nutrition and hygiene actions, and monthly preventive doses of small quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) for children aged 6 to 23.9 months. Positive AM cases are referred to treatment services offered by first-line health services according to the CMAM model. The PROMIS intervention will be evaluated using a mixed methods approach. The impact study encompasses two types of study design: i) repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted at baseline and at endline after 24 months of program implementation and ii) a longitudinal study with a monthly follow-up for 18 months. Primary study impact measures include the incidence and endpoint prevalence of AM, AM screening coverage and treatment compliance. A process evaluation will assess the feasibility and quality of implementation of the intervention guided by country specific program impact pathways (PIPs). Cost-effectiveness analysis will assess the economic feasibility of the intervention. Discussion The PROMIS study assesses the effectiveness of an innovative model to integrate prevention and treatment interventions for greater and more sustainable impacts on the incidence and prevalence of AM using a rigorous, theory-based randomized control trial approach. This type of programmatic research is urgently needed to help program implementers, policy makers, and investors prioritize, select and scale-up the best program models to prevent and treat AM and achieve the World Health Assembly goal of reducing childhood wasting to less than 5% globally by the year 2025. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02323815 (registered on December 18, 2014) and NCT02245152 (registered on September 16, 2014) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4146-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieven Huybregts
- International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20006, USA.
| | - Elodie Becquey
- International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20006, USA
| | - Amanda Zongrone
- International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20006, USA
| | - Agnes Le Port
- International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20006, USA
| | - Regina Khassanova
- Helen Keller International Burkina Faso country office, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Jef L Leroy
- International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20006, USA
| | - Rahul Rawat
- International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20006, USA
| | - Marie T Ruel
- International Food Policy Research Institute, 2033 K Street, NW, Washington, DC, 20006, USA
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Lorencatto F, Gould NJ, McIntyre SA, During C, Bird J, Walwyn R, Cicero R, Glidewell L, Hartley S, Stanworth SJ, Foy R, Grimshaw JM, Michie S, Francis JJ. A multidimensional approach to assessing intervention fidelity in a process evaluation of audit and feedback interventions to reduce unnecessary blood transfusions: a study protocol. Implement Sci 2016; 11:163. [PMID: 27955683 PMCID: PMC5153878 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-016-0528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In England, NHS Blood and Transplant conducts national audits of transfusion and provides feedback to hospitals to promote evidence-based practice. Audits demonstrate 20% of transfusions fall outside guidelines. The AFFINITIE programme (Development & Evaluation of Audit and Feedback INterventions to Increase evidence-based Transfusion practIcE) involves two linked, 2×2 factorial, cluster-randomised trials, each evaluating two theoretically-enhanced audit and feedback interventions to reduce unnecessary blood transfusions in UK hospitals. The first intervention concerns the content/format of feedback reports. The second aims to support hospital transfusion staff to plan their response to feedback and includes a web-based toolkit and telephone support. Interpretation of trials is enhanced by comprehensively assessing intervention fidelity. However, reviews demonstrate fidelity evaluations are often limited, typically only assessing whether interventions were delivered as intended. This protocol presents methods for assessing fidelity across five dimensions proposed by the Behaviour Change Consortium fidelity framework, including intervention designer-, provider- and recipient-levels. Methods (1) Design: Intervention content will be specified in intervention manuals in terms of component behaviour change techniques (BCTs). Treatment differentiation will be examined by comparing BCTs across intervention/standard practice, noting the proportion of unique/convergent BCTs. (2) Training: draft feedback reports and audio-recorded role-play telephone support scenarios will be content analysed to assess intervention providers’ competence to deliver manual-specified BCTs. (3) Delivery: intervention materials (feedback reports, toolkit) and audio-recorded telephone support session transcripts will be content analysed to assess actual delivery of manual-specified BCTs during the intervention period. (4) Receipt and (5) enactment: questionnaires, semi-structured interviews based on the Theoretical Domains Framework, and objective web-analytics data (report downloads, toolkit usage patterns) will be analysed to assess hospital transfusion staff exposure to, understanding and enactment of the interventions, and to identify contextual barriers/enablers to implementation. Associations between observed fidelity and trial outcomes (% unnecessary transfusions) will be examined using mediation analyses. Discussion If the interventions have acceptable fidelity, then results of the AFFINITIE trials can be attributed to effectiveness, or lack of effectiveness, of the interventions. Hence, this comprehensive assessment of fidelity will be used to interpret trial findings. These methods may inform fidelity assessments in future trials. Trial registration ISRCTN 15490813. Registered 11/03/2015 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13012-016-0528-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Lorencatto
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK.
| | - Natalie J Gould
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Stephen A McIntyre
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Camilla During
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Jon Bird
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science, Engineering, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Walwyn
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Robert Cicero
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Liz Glidewell
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Suzanne Hartley
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Simon J Stanworth
- National Health Service Blood & Transplant, Oxford Radcliffe Hospitals, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robbie Foy
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jeremy M Grimshaw
- Department of Medicine & Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Susan Michie
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Effectiveness, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jill J Francis
- Centre for Health Services Research, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
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Fagher K, Jacobsson J, Timpka T, Dahlström Ö, Lexell J. The Sports-Related Injuries and Illnesses in Paralympic Sport Study (SRIIPSS): a study protocol for a prospective longitudinal study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2016; 8:28. [PMID: 27579170 PMCID: PMC5004301 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-016-0053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paralympic sport provides sporting opportunities for athletes with a disability, with the Paralympic Games as the main event. Participation in sport is, however, associated with a significant risk for sustaining injuries and illnesses. Our knowledge of sports-related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sport is very limited and there are no large-scale epidemiological cohort studies. The purpose here is to present a protocol for a prospective longitudinal study: The Sports-Related Injuries and Illnesses in Paralympic Sport Study (SRIIPSS). METHODS/DESIGN An argument-based method for investigation of design problems was used to structure the study protocol. The primary requirement of the protocol is to allow prospective studies over time and include exposure to both training and competition. To reflect the complexity of Paralympic sport with athletes' pre-existing impairments, use of assistive equipment, pain and other and medical issues, it is required that the data collection system is specifically adapted to Paralympic sport. To allow the collection of data, at the same time as there is limited access to coaches and medical personnel, it is advantageous that data can be collected online directly from the athletes. Based on this a self-report athlete monitoring system will be developed, where the athletes can enter data weekly via their mobile phones or lap-tops. Data will be collected from around 100 Swedish Paralympic athletes for approximately 1 year, which will allow us to i) prospectively estimate the annual incidence of sports-related injuries and illnesses and ii) explore risk factors and mechanisms for sustaining sports-related injuries and illnesses based on athlete exposure and training loads. DISCUSSION For effective implementation of injury and illness prevention measures, comprehensive epidemiological knowledge is required. This study will be the first prospective longitudinal self-report study of sports-related injuries and illnesses in Paralympic sport over a longer period of time. The results will eventually contribute to the development of evidence-based preventive measures specifically adapted to Paralympic sport in order to provide safe and healthy sport participation. Thereby, the project will be of relevance for Paralympic athletes at all levels and to the Paralympic Movement. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02788500; Registration date: 22 May 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Fagher
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, PO Box 157, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Jacobsson
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Toomas Timpka
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Örjan Dahlström
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Athletics Research Center, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden ; Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Lexell
- Department of Health Sciences, Rehabilitation Medicine Research Group, Lund University, PO Box 157, 221 00 Lund, Sweden ; Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, 221 85 Lund, Sweden ; Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden
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McMahon SA, Brenner S, Lohmann J, Makwero C, Torbica A, Mathanga DP, Muula AS, De Allegri M. Evaluating complex health financing interventions: using mixed methods to inform further implementation of a novel PBI intervention in rural Malawi. BMC Health Serv Res 2016; 16:414. [PMID: 27543079 PMCID: PMC4992201 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-016-1612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gaps remain in understanding how performance-based incentive (PBI) programs affect quality of care and service quantity, whether programs are cost effective and how programs could be tailored to meet client and provider needs while remaining operationally viable. In 2014, Malawi’s Ministry of Health launched the Service Delivery Integration-PBI (SSDI-PBI) program. The program is unique in that no portion of performance bonuses are paid to individual health workers, and it shifts responsibility for infrastructure and equipment procurement from facility staff to implementing partners. This protocol outlines an approach that analyzes processes and outcomes, considers expected and unexpected consequences of the program and frames the program’s outputs relative to its costs. Findings from this evaluation will inform the intended future scale-up of PBI in Malawi. Methods/design This study employs a prospective controlled before-and-after triangulation design to assess effects of the PBI program by analyzing quantitative and qualitative data from intervention and control facilities. Guided by a theoretical framework, the evaluation consists of four main components: service provision, health worker motivation, implementation processes and costing. Quality and access outcomes are assessed along four dimensions: (1) structural elements (related to equipment, drugs, staff); (2) process elements (providers’ compliance with standards); (3) outputs (service utilization); (4) experiential elements (experiences of service delivery). The costing component includes costs related to start-up, ongoing management, and the cost of incentives themselves. The cost analysis considers costs incurred within the Ministry of Health, funders, and the implementing agency. The evaluation relies on primary data (including interviews and surveys) and secondary data (including costing and health management information system data). Discussion Through the lens of a PBI program, we illustrate how complex interventions can be evaluated via not only primary, mixed-methods data collection, but also through a wealth of secondary data from program implementers (including monitoring, evaluation and financial data), and the health system (including service utilization and service readiness data). We also highlight the importance of crafting a theory and using theory to inform the nature of data collected. Finally, we highlight the need to be responsive to stakeholders in order to enhance a study’s relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon A McMahon
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, INF 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stephan Brenner
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, INF 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Lohmann
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, INF 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Makwero
- Department of Public Health, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Aleksandra Torbica
- Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management, Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), Bocconi University, Milano, Italy
| | - Don P Mathanga
- Department of Public Health, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Adamson S Muula
- Department of Public Health, University of Malawi, College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Manuela De Allegri
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, INF 324, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Nimpagaritse M, Korachais C, Roberfroid D, Kolsteren P, Zine Eddine El Idrissi MD, Meessen B. Measuring and understanding the effects of a performance based financing scheme applied to nutrition services in Burundi-a mixed method impact evaluation design. Int J Equity Health 2016; 15:93. [PMID: 27301741 PMCID: PMC4908705 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-016-0382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition is a huge problem in Burundi. In order to improve the provision of services at hospital, health centre and community levels, the Ministry of Health is piloting the introduction of malnutrition prevention and care indicators within its performance based financing (PBF) scheme. Paying for units of services and for qualitative indicators is expected to enhance provision and quality of these nutrition services, as PBF has done, in Burundi and elsewhere, for several other services. Methods This paper presents the protocol for the impact evaluation of the PBF scheme applied to malnutrition. The research design consists in a mixed methods model adopting a sequential explanatory design. The quantitative component is a cluster-randomized controlled evaluation design: among the 90 health centres selected for the study, half receive payment related to their results in malnutrition activities, while the other half get a budget allocation. Qualitative research will be carried out both during the intervention period and at the end of the quantitative evaluation. Data are collected from 1) baseline and follow-up surveys of 90 health centres and 6,480 households with children aged 6 to 23 months, 2) logbooks filled in weekly in health centres, and 3) in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. The evaluation aims to provide the best estimate of the impact of the project on malnutrition outcomes in the community as well as outputs at the health centre level (malnutrition care outputs) and to describe quantitatively and qualitatively the changes that took place (or did not take place) within health centres as a result of the program. Discussion Although PBF schemes are blooming in low in-come countries, there is still a need for evidence, especially on the impact of revising the list of remunerated indicators. It is expected that this impact evaluation will be helpful for the national policy dialogue in Burundi, but it will also provide key evidence for countries with an existing PBF scheme and confronted with malnutrition problems on the appropriateness to extend the strategy to nutrition services. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov PRS Identifier: NCT02721160; registered March 2016
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Affiliation(s)
- Manassé Nimpagaritse
- Health Economics Unit, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium. .,Institut de Recherche Santé et Société, Université Catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs, 30 boîte 3016-1200, Bruxelles, Belgique. .,Direction de la Recherche, Institut National de Santé Publique, avenue de l'Hôpital n°3, BP, 6807, Bujumbura, Burundi.
| | - Catherine Korachais
- Health Economics Unit, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium.,Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre, Boulevard du Jardin Botanique 55, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Roberfroid
- Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre, Boulevard du Jardin Botanique 55, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Bruno Meessen
- Health Economics Unit, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
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Balakumar P, Inamdar MN, Jagadeesh G. The critical steps for successful research: The research proposal and scientific writing: (A report on the pre-conference workshop held in conjunction with the 64(th) annual conference of the Indian Pharmaceutical Congress-2012). J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2013; 4:130-8. [PMID: 23761709 PMCID: PMC3669572 DOI: 10.4103/0976-500x.110895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An interactive workshop on 'The Critical Steps for Successful Research: The Research Proposal and Scientific Writing' was conducted in conjunction with the 64(th) Annual Conference of the Indian Pharmaceutical Congress-2012 at Chennai, India. In essence, research is performed to enlighten our understanding of a contemporary issue relevant to the needs of society. To accomplish this, a researcher begins search for a novel topic based on purpose, creativity, critical thinking, and logic. This leads to the fundamental pieces of the research endeavor: Question, objective, hypothesis, experimental tools to test the hypothesis, methodology, and data analysis. When correctly performed, research should produce new knowledge. The four cornerstones of good research are the well-formulated protocol or proposal that is well executed, analyzed, discussed and concluded. This recent workshop educated researchers in the critical steps involved in the development of a scientific idea to its successful execution and eventual publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchai Balakumar
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, Semeling, 08100 Bedong. Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
| | | | - Gowraganahalli Jagadeesh
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, USA
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