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Pan H, Ho SE, Xue C, Cui J, Johanson QS, Sachs N, Ross LS, Li F, Solomon RA, Connolly ES, Patel VI, Maegdefessel L, Zhang H, Reilly MP. Atherosclerosis Is a Smooth Muscle Cell-Driven Tumor-Like Disease. Circulation 2024; 149:1885-1898. [PMID: 38686559 PMCID: PMC11164647 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.067587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis, a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, involves the pathological activation of various cell types, including immunocytes (eg, macrophages and T cells), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and endothelial cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that transition of SMCs to other cell types, known as phenotypic switching, plays a central role in atherosclerosis development and complications. However, the characteristics of SMC-derived cells and the underlying mechanisms of SMC transition in disease pathogenesis remain poorly understood. Our objective is to characterize tumor cell-like behaviors of SMC-derived cells in atherosclerosis, with the ultimate goal of developing interventions targeting SMC transition for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. METHODS We used SMC lineage tracing mice and human tissues and applied a range of methods, including molecular, cellular, histological, computational, human genetics, and pharmacological approaches, to investigate the features of SMC-derived cells in atherosclerosis. RESULTS SMC-derived cells in mouse and human atherosclerosis exhibit multiple tumor cell-like characteristics, including genomic instability, evasion of senescence, hyperproliferation, resistance to cell death, invasiveness, and activation of comprehensive cancer-associated gene regulatory networks. Specific expression of the oncogenic mutant KrasG12D in SMCs accelerates phenotypic switching and exacerbates atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we provide proof of concept that niraparib, an anticancer drug targeting DNA damage repair, attenuates atherosclerosis progression and induces regression of lesions in advanced disease in mouse models. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that atherosclerosis is an SMC-driven tumor-like disease, advancing our understanding of its pathogenesis and opening prospects for innovative precision molecular strategies aimed at preventing and treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huize Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sebastian E. Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Jian Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Quinian S. Johanson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nadja Sachs
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leila S. Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert A. Solomon
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E. Sander Connolly
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Virendra I. Patel
- Section of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Interventions, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department for Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site: Munich Heart Alliance, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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2
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Mittra A, Coyne GHOS, Zlott J, Kummar S, Meehan R, Rubinstein L, Juwara L, Wilsker D, Ji J, Miller B, Navas T, Ferry-Galow KV, Voth AR, Chang TC, Jiwani S, Parchment RE, Doroshow JH, Chen AP. Pharmacodynamic effects of the PARP inhibitor talazoparib (MDV3800, BMN 673) in patients with BRCA-mutated advanced solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024; 93:177-189. [PMID: 38010394 PMCID: PMC10902014 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Talazoparib is an inhibitor of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes and is FDA-approved for patients with (suspected) deleterious germline BRCA1/2-mutated, HER2‑negative, locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Because knowledge of the pharmacodynamic (PD) effects of talazoparib in patients has been limited to studies of PARP enzymatic activity (PARylation) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we developed a study to assess tumoral PD response to talazoparib treatment (NCT01989546). METHODS We administered single-agent talazoparib (1 mg/day) orally in 28-day cycles to adult patients with advanced solid tumors harboring (suspected) deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The primary objective was to examine the PD effects of talazoparib; the secondary objective was to determine overall response rate (ORR). Tumor biopsies were mandatory at baseline and post-treatment on day 8 (optional at disease progression). Biopsies were analyzed for PARylation, DNA damage response (γH2AX), and epithelial‒mesenchymal transition. RESULTS Nine patients enrolled in this trial. Four of six patients (67%) evaluable for the primary PD endpoint exhibited a nuclear γH2AX response on day 8 of treatment, and five of six (83%) also exhibited strong suppression of PARylation. A transition towards a more mesenchymal phenotype was seen in 4 of 6 carcinoma patients, but this biological change did not affect γH2AX or PAR responses. The ORR was 55% with the five partial responses lasting a median of six cycles. CONCLUSION Intra-tumoral DNA damage response and inhibition of PARP enzymatic activity were confirmed in patients with advanced solid tumors harboring BRCA1/2 mutations after 8 days of talazoparib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Mittra
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Geraldine H O' Sullivan Coyne
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer Zlott
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shivaani Kummar
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Robert Meehan
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lawrence Rubinstein
- Biometric Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lamin Juwara
- Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Deborah Wilsker
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jiuping Ji
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Brandon Miller
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Tony Navas
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Katherine V Ferry-Galow
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Andrea Regier Voth
- Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ting-Chia Chang
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Shahanawaz Jiwani
- Molecular Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ralph E Parchment
- Clinical Pharmacodynamics Biomarkers Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alice P Chen
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Keller KM, Koetsier J, Schild L, Amo-Addae V, Eising S, van den Handel K, Ober K, Koopmans B, Essing A, van den Boogaard ML, Langenberg KPS, Jäger N, Kool M, Pfister S, Dolman MEM, Molenaar JJ, van Hooff SR. The potential of PARP as a therapeutic target across pediatric solid malignancies. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:310. [PMID: 37020198 PMCID: PMC10077757 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric cancer is the leading cause of disease-related death in children and the need for better therapeutic options remains urgent. Due to the limited number of patients, target and drug development for pediatrics is often supplemented by data from studies focused on adult cancers. Recent evidence shows that pediatric cancers possess different vulnerabilities that should be explored independently from adult cancers. METHODS Using the publicly available Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer database, we explore therapeutic targets and biomarkers specific to the pediatric solid malignancies Ewing sarcoma, medulloblastoma, neuroblastoma, osteosarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Results are validated using cell viability assays and high-throughput drug screens are used to identify synergistic combinations. RESULTS Using published drug screening data, PARP is identified as a drug target of interest across multiple different pediatric malignancies. We validate these findings, and we show that efficacy can be improved when combined with conventional chemotherapeutics, namely topoisomerase inhibitors. Additionally, using gene set enrichment analysis, we identify ribosome biogenesis as a potential biomarker for PARP inhibition in pediatric cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results provide evidence to support the further development of PARP inhibition and the combination with TOP1 inhibition as a therapeutic approach in solid pediatric malignancies. Additionally, we propose ribosome biogenesis as a component to PARP inhibitor sensitivity that should be further investigated to help maximize the potential utility of PARP inhibition and combinations across pediatric solid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylee M Keller
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Koetsier
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Linda Schild
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vicky Amo-Addae
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Selma Eising
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kimberley Ober
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca Koopmans
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anke Essing
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Natalie Jäger
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Paediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Paediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Paediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Emmy M Dolman
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jan J Molenaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Lin C, Liu P, Shi C, Qiu L, Shang D, Lu Z, Tu Z, Liu H. Therapeutic targeting of DNA damage repair pathways guided by homologous recombination deficiency scoring in ovarian cancers. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2023; 37:194-214. [PMID: 36130021 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility of cells to DNA damage and their DNA repair ability are crucial for cancer therapy. Homologous recombination is one of the major repairing mechanisms for DNA double-strand breaks. Approximately half of ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells harbor homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). Considering that HRD is a major hallmark of OvCas, scholars proposed HRD scoring to evaluate the HRD degree and guide the choice of therapeutic strategies for OvCas. In the last decade, synthetic lethal strategy by targeting poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in HR-deficient OvCas has attracted considerable attention in view of its favorable clinical effort. We therefore suggested that the uses of other DNA damage/repair-targeted drugs in HR-deficient OvCas might also offer better clinical outcome. Here, we reviewed the current small molecule compounds that targeted DNA damage/repair pathways and discussed the HRD scoring system to guide their clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaowen Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lipeng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongsheng Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziwen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhigang Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanqing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Pan H, Ho SE, Xue C, Cui J, Ross LS, Li F, Solomon RA, Connolly ES, Reilly MP. Atherosclerosis is a smooth muscle cell-driven tumor-like disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531330. [PMID: 36945644 PMCID: PMC10028828 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, is a chronic inflammatory disease involving pathological activation of multiple cell types, such as immunocytes (e.g., macrophage, T cells), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and endothelial cells. Multiple lines of evidence have suggested that SMC "phenotypic switching" plays a central role in atherosclerosis development and complications. Yet, SMC roles and mechanisms underlying the disease pathogenesis are poorly understood. Here, employing SMC lineage tracing mice, comprehensive molecular, cellular, histological, and computational profiling, coupled to genetic and pharmacological studies, we reveal that atherosclerosis, in terms of SMC behaviors, share extensive commonalities with tumors. SMC-derived cells in the disease show multiple characteristics of tumor cell biology, including genomic instability, replicative immortality, malignant proliferation, resistance to cell death, invasiveness, and activation of comprehensive cancer-associated gene regulatory networks. SMC-specific expression of oncogenic KrasG12D accelerates SMC phenotypic switching and exacerbates atherosclerosis. Moreover, we present a proof of concept showing that niraparib, an anti-cancer drug targeting DNA damage repair, attenuates atherosclerosis progression and induces regression of lesions in advanced disease in mouse models. Our work provides systematic evidence that atherosclerosis is a tumor-like disease, deepening the understanding of its pathogenesis and opening prospects for novel precision molecular strategies to prevent and treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huize Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sebastian E. Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jian Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leila S. Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Robert A. Solomon
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - E. Sander Connolly
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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6
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Krishnan Muthaiah VP, Kaliyappan K, Mahajan SD. Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase-1 inhibition by 3-aminobenzamide recuperates HEI-OC1 auditory hair cells from blast overpressure-induced cell death. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1047308. [PMID: 36949771 PMCID: PMC10025353 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1047308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Poly ADP-Ribose Polymerase-1 (PARP1), a DNA repair enzyme is implicated as a key molecule in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders. Traumatic insults inducing oxidative stress results in its over-activation causing inflammation and cell death (Parthanatos). As PARP1 inhibition is known to reduce oxidative stress, we hypothesized that PARP1 inhibition by a known inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) might recuperate the damage in an in vitro model of blast injury using HEI-OC1 cells (mouse auditory hair cells). Methods: Here, we evaluated the protective effect of 3AB on HEI-OC1 cells following single and repetitive blast overpressures (BOPs). Results: We found that inhibition of PARP1 b 3AB inhibits the PARP1 enzyme and its action of a post-translational modification i.e. formation of Poly ADP-Ribose Polymers which leads to massive ATP depletion. PARP inhibition (3AB treatment) reduced the oxidative stress (4HNE, a marker of lipid peroxidation, and 8OHdG, a marker of oxidative DNA damage) in cells exposed to single/repetitive BOPS through up-regulation of Nrf2, a transcriptional regulator of antioxidant defense and the GCLC, a rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis of glutathione. Discussion: Overall, we found that PARP inhibition by 3AB helps to maintain the viability of BOP-exposed auditory hair cells by recuperating the ATP pool from both mitochondrial and glycolytic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Prakash Krishnan Muthaiah
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Vijaya Prakash Krishnan Muthaiah,
| | - Kathiravan Kaliyappan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Supriya D. Mahajan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Clinical Translational Research Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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Huang X, Li XY, Shan WL, Chen Y, Zhu Q, Xia BR. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy: Diamonds in the rough in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1131342. [PMID: 37033645 PMCID: PMC10080064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1131342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, for ovarian cancer, which has the highest mortality rate among all gynecological cancers, the standard treatment protocol is initial tumor cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Although the survival rate after standard treatment has improved, the therapeutic effect of traditional chemotherapy is very limited due to problems such as resistance to platinum-based drugs and recurrence. With the advent of the precision medicine era, molecular targeted therapy has gradually entered clinicians' view, and individualized precision therapy has been realized, surpassing the limitations of traditional therapy. The detection of genetic mutations affecting treatment, especially breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) mutations and mutations of other homologous recombination repair defect (HRD) genes, can guide the targeted drug treatment of patients, effectively improve the treatment effect and achieve a better patient prognosis. This article reviews different sites and pathways of targeted therapy, including angiogenesis, cell cycle and DNA repair, and immune and metabolic pathways, and the latest research progress from preclinical and clinical trials related to ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Bengbu Medical College Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Bengbu Medical College Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Wu-Lin Shan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui Provincial Cancer Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Bai-Rong Xia
- Bengbu Medical College Bengbu, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Bai-Rong Xia,
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Soni A, Lin X, Mladenov E, Mladenova V, Stuschke M, Iliakis G. BMN673 Is a PARP Inhibitor with Unique Radiosensitizing Properties: Mechanisms and Potential in Radiation Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225619. [PMID: 36428712 PMCID: PMC9688666 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BMN673 is a relatively new PARP inhibitor (PARPi) that exhibits superior efficacy in vitro compared to olaparib and other clinically relevant PARPi. BMN673, similar to most clinical PARPi, inhibits the catalytic activities of PARP-1 and PARP-2 and shows impressive anticancer potential as monotherapy in several pre-clinical and clinical studies. Tumor resistance to PARPi poses a significant challenge in the clinic. Thus, combining PARPi with other treatment modalities, such as radiotherapy (RT), is being actively pursued to overcome such resistance. However, the modest to intermediate radiosensitization exerted by olaparib, rucaparib, and veliparib, limits the rationale and the scope of such combinations. The recently reported strong radiosensitizing potential of BMN673 forecasts a paradigm shift on this front. Evidence accumulates that BMN673 may radiosensitize via unique mechanisms causing profound shifts in the balance among DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. According to one of the emerging models, BMN673 strongly inhibits classical non-homologous end-joining (c-NHEJ) and increases reciprocally and profoundly DSB end-resection, enhancing error-prone DSB processing that robustly potentiates cell killing. In this review, we outline and summarize the work that helped to formulate this model of BMN673 action on DSB repair, analyze the causes of radiosensitization and discuss its potential as a radiosensitizer in the clinic. Finally, we highlight strategies for combining BMN673 with other inhibitors of DNA damage response for further improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Soni
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Xixi Lin
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Emil Mladenov
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Veronika Mladenova
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site University Hospital Essen, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - George Iliakis
- Division of Experimental Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Radiation Biology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-4152
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9
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Catalano M, Francesco Iannone L, Cosso F, Generali D, Mini E, Roviello G. Combining inhibition of immune checkpoints and PARP: rationale and perspectives in cancer treatment. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:923-936. [PMID: 36519314 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2158813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genomic instability resulting from the inability of cells to repair DNA damage is a breeding ground for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and targeted treatments. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) interfere with the efficient repair of DNA single-strand break damage inducing, mainly in tumors with existing defects in double strand DNA repair system, synthetic lethality. AREAS COVERED By amplifying the DNA damage and inducing immunogenic cell death PARPi leads tumor neoantigens to increase, upregulation of programmed death-ligand 1, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment facilitating a more intense antitumor immune response. In this review, we reported the immunological role of PARPi and the rational use of the combination with ICIs, evaluating data from combination clinical trials and discussing perspectives. EXPERT OPINION Several prospective combination studies to overcome existing limitations to PARPi and ICI single agents are currently ongoing. The identification of the different resistance mechanisms to PARPi and ICI as well as the development of accurate and predictive biomarkers of response should be a priority to identify the patients who may most benefit from this combination. Similarly, clarifying the role and interaction between the DNA damage repair pathways and the tumor immune microenvironment would increase success of the combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Francesco Iannone
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Federica Cosso
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Hongjin Zhai, Zhang S, Ampomah-Wireko M, Wang H, Cao Y, Yang P, Yang Y, Frejat FOA, Wang L, Zhao B, Ren C, Wu C. Pyrazole: An Important Core in Many Marketed and Clinical Drugs. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022060280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Gasimli K, Raab M, Tahmasbi Rad M, Kurunci-Csacsko E, Becker S, Strebhardt K, Sanhaji M. Sequential Targeting of PLK1 and PARP1 Reverses the Resistance to PARP Inhibitors and Enhances Platin-Based Chemotherapy in BRCA-Deficient High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer with KRAS Amplification. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810892. [PMID: 36142803 PMCID: PMC9502276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) accounts for approximately 4% of cancer deaths in women worldwide and is the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most predominant ovarian cancer, in which BRCA1/2 gene mutation ranges from 3 to 27%. PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have shown promising results as a synthetically lethal therapeutic approach for BRCA mutant and recurrent OC in clinical use. However, emerging data indicate that BRCA-deficient cancers may be resistant to PARPi, and the mechanisms of this resistance remain elusive. We found that amplification of KRAS likely underlies PARPi resistance in BRCA2-deficient HGSOC. Our data suggest that PLK1 inhibition restores sensitivity to PARPi in HGSOC with KRAS amplification. The sequential combination of PLK1 inhibitor (PLK1i) and PARPi drastically reduces HGSOC cell survival and increases apoptosis. Furthermore, we were able to show that a sequential combination of PLK1i and PARPi enhanced the cellular apoptotic response to carboplatin-based chemotherapy in KRAS-amplified resistant HGSOC cells and 3D spheroids derived from recurrent ovarian cancer patients. Our results shed new light on the critical role of PLK1 in reversing PARPi resistance in KRAS-amplified HGSOC, and offer a new therapeutic strategy for this class of ovarian cancer patients where only limited options currently exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khayal Gasimli
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Morva Tahmasbi Rad
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mourad Sanhaji
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Correspondence:
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BCKDK Promotes Ovarian Cancer Proliferation and Migration by Activating the MEK/ERK Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3691635. [PMID: 35498541 PMCID: PMC9054484 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3691635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most fatal gynecologic cancer. The branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) plays an important role in many serious human diseases, including cancers. Its function in promoting cell proliferation and migration has been reported in various cancers. However, the biological role of BCKDK and its molecular mechanisms underlying OC initiation and progression are unclear. Methods First, the expression level of BCKDK in OC cell lines or tissues was determined using tissue microarray- (TMA-) based immunohistochemistry or western blotting. Then, growth curve analysis, anchorage-independent cell transformation assays, wound healing assays, cell migration assays, and tumor xenografts were used to test whether BCKDK could promote cell transformation or metastasis. Finally, the signaling pathways involved in this process were investigated by western blotting or immunoprecipitation. Results We found that the expression of BCKDK was upregulated in OC tissues and the high expression of BCKDK was correlated with an advanced pathological grade in patients. The ectopic overexpression of BCKDK promoted the proliferation and migration of OC cells, and the knockdown of BCKDK with shRNAs inhibited the proliferation and migration of OC ex vivo and in vivo. Moreover, BCKDK promoted OC proliferation and migration by activating MEK. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that BCKDK promotes OC proliferation and migration by activating the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Targeting the BCKDK-MEK axis may provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating patients with OC.
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Principe DR. Precision Medicine for BRCA/PALB2-Mutated Pancreatic Cancer and Emerging Strategies to Improve Therapeutic Responses to PARP Inhibition. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040897. [PMID: 35205643 PMCID: PMC8869830 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary For the small subset of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients with loss-of-function mutations to BRCA1/2 or PALB2, both first-line and maintenance therapy differs significantly. These mutations confer a loss of double-strand break DNA homologous recombination (HR), substantially altering drug sensitivities. In this review, we discuss the current treatment guidelines for PDAC tumors deficient in HR, as well as newly emerging strategies to improve drug responses in this population. We also highlight additional patient populations in which these strategies may also be effective, and novel strategies aiming to confer similar drug sensitivity to tumors proficient in HR repair. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is projected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related death by 2030. As patients typically present with advanced disease and show poor responses to broad-spectrum chemotherapy, overall survival remains a dismal 10%. This underscores an urgent clinical need to identify new therapeutic approaches for PDAC patients. Precision medicine is now the standard of care for several difficult-to-treat cancer histologies. Such approaches involve the identification of a clinically actionable molecular feature, which is matched to an appropriate targeted therapy. Selective poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors such as Niraparib, Olaparib, Talazoparib, Rucaparib, and Veliparib are now approved for several cancers with loss of high-fidelity double-strand break homologous recombination (HR), namely those with deleterious mutations to BRCA1/2, PALB2, and other functionally related genes. Recent evidence suggests that the presence of such mutations in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common and lethal pancreatic cancer histotype, significantly alters drug responses both with respect to first-line chemotherapy and maintenance therapy. In this review, we discuss the current treatment paradigm for PDAC tumors with confirmed deficits in double-strand break HR, as well as emerging strategies to both improve responses to PARP inhibition in HR-deficient PDAC and confer sensitivity to tumors proficient in HR repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Principe
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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14
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Richard IA, Burgess JT, O'Byrne KJ, Bolderson E. Beyond PARP1: The Potential of Other Members of the Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Family in DNA Repair and Cancer Therapeutics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:801200. [PMID: 35096828 PMCID: PMC8795897 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.801200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteins within the Poly-ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) family encompass a diverse and integral set of cellular functions. PARP1 and PARP2 have been extensively studied for their roles in DNA repair and as targets for cancer therapeutics. Several PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have been approved for clinical use, however, while their efficacy is promising, tumours readily develop PARPi resistance. Many other members of the PARP protein family share catalytic domain homology with PARP1/2, however, these proteins are comparatively understudied, particularly in the context of DNA damage repair and tumourigenesis. This review explores the functions of PARP4,6-16 and discusses the current knowledge of the potential roles these proteins may play in DNA damage repair and as targets for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain A Richard
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program (CARP), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health (CGPH), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshua T Burgess
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program (CARP), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health (CGPH), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth J O'Byrne
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program (CARP), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health (CGPH), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma Bolderson
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program (CARP), Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health (CGPH), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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15
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Ren N, Zhang L, Yu J, Guan S, Dai X, Sun L, Ying M. Efficacy and Safety of PARP Inhibitor Combination Therapy in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638295. [PMID: 34485111 PMCID: PMC8414886 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Though it is known to all that PARP inhibitors (PARPis) are effective when used as maintenance alone for women with recurrent ovarian cancer (ROC), little is known about whether using them in combination with other drugs would contribute to a better efficacy. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the efficacy and safety of PARPi combination therapy compared with monotherapy. Materials and Methods We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that offered the date we needed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and major conference. Data extraction and processing were completed by three investigators to compare OS, PFS, and ORR both in intervention and in control subset. Then, we calculated the pooled RR and 95% CI of all-grade and high-grade adverse effects to study its safety. And we evaluated the within-study heterogeneity by using subgroup and sensitivity analysis. Results and Conclusion A total of three eligible RCTs covering 343 women were included. In PFS analysis, PARP inhibitor (PARPi) combination therapy can significantly improve PFS for women with ROC when compared with the controls (HR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.59), especially for those with mutated BRCA (HR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.45). And in OS analysis, combination therapy is not inferior to monotherapy (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.61). As for ORR, the effectiveness of combination therapy and monotherapy was almost the same (RR: 1.04, 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.31). Additionally, combination therapy seldom causes more adverse events, both in all-grade and in high grade. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (identifier, CRD42018109933).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ren
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyin Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieru Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Guan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyang Dai
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leitao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Minli Ying
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
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Cheng H, Yang J, Liu H, Xiang Y. Poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors as maintenance therapy in women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021; 304:285-296. [PMID: 34021367 PMCID: PMC8277645 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-021-06070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy and safety of poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (including their different types) as maintenance therapy in women with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer, and to explore whether this therapy produces a survival benefit in a subgroup population with specific clinical characteristics. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and relevant clinical research registry platforms on October 1, 2019, and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared PARP inhibitors with placebo in women (aged ≥ 18 years) with newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer. RESULTS We identified four RCTs with 3,070 participants. Compared with placebo, PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy showed a clinically significant benefit on progression free survival (PFS) in homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) positive population (hazard ratio [HR], 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29-0.53). In contrast, no clear differences were identified between the groups in the HRD negative population (HR, 0.83; 95% CI 0.67-1.03). Further, there was no clear difference between the groups in terms of other outcomes (overall survival, health-related quality of life, and adverse events). CONCLUSIONS PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy significantly prolongs the PFS of patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer, especially in HRD positive patients. The diagnostic test used to determine HRD status plays an important role in guiding PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy. Compared with placebo, the effect of PARP inhibitors on ovarian cancer was probably not affected by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage status, response to first-line chemotherapy, and residual macroscopic disease after debulking surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
| | - Huixin Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University People’s Hospital, No.11 Xizhimen South Street Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730 People’s Republic of China
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Zhang H, Zhang LQ, Yang CC, Li J, Tian XY, Li DN, Cui J, Cai JP. The high expression of NUDT5 indicates poor prognosis of breast cancer by modulating AKT / Cyclin D signaling. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245876. [PMID: 33571243 PMCID: PMC7877577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
NUDIX hydrolase type 5 (NUDT5) is a kind of ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase and nucleotide metabolizing enzyme in cell metabolism. Previous studies have shown NUDT5 expression affected chromosome remodeling, involved in cell adhesion, cancer stem cell maintenance and epithelial to mesenchyme transition in breast cancer cells. Nevertheless, the role of NUDT5 in breast cancer progression and prognosis has not yet been systematically studied. This study explored the association of NUDT5 with the tumor development and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Our results show that the levels of NUDT5 were upregulated in breast cancer cell lines and breast tumor tissues, and the expression of NUDT5 in breast tumor tissues increased significantly when compared with adjacent non-tumorous tissues by immunohistochemical staining of tissue microarrays. Breast cancer patients with high NUDT5 expression had a worse prognosis than those with low expression of NUDT5. In addition, the knockdown of NUDT5 suppressed breast cancer cell lines proliferation, migration and invasion, and dramatically inhibited the AKT phosphorylation at Thr308 and expression of Cyclin D1. The opposite effects were observed in vitro following NUDT5 rescue. Our findings indicated that the high expression of NUDT5 is probably involved in the poor prognosis of breast cancer via the activation of the AKT / Cyclin D pathways, which could be a prognostic factor and potential target in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongdan, Beijing, P.R China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Dong Dan, Beijing, P.R. China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Dan, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Dong Dan, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Dong Dan, Beijing, P.R. China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Dan, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, P.R China
| | - Jin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Dong Dan, Beijing, P.R. China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Dan, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yuan Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Dong Dan, Beijing, P.R. China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Dan, Beijing, P.R. China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Ni Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Dong Dan, Beijing, P.R. China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Dan, Beijing, P.R. China
- Peking University Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ju Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Dong Dan, Beijing, P.R. China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Dan, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dongdan, Beijing, P.R China
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Dong Dan, Beijing, P.R. China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Dong Dan, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Targeted therapy clinical trials in ovarian cancer: improved outcomes by gene mutation screening. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:101-109. [PMID: 31743133 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most common and leading cause of death for gynaecologic cancer in the western world. Current standard treatments with limited selection of chemotherapies cannot meet patients' urgent needs. Novel targeted therapies may improve patients' survival rate with less side effects that have been demonstrated by using approved medicines such as poly ADP-ribose polymerase and angiogenesis inhibitors. Many classes of targeted therapies impacting cell signalling pathways related to ovarian cancer tumorigenesis have been investigated in clinical trial studies. Gene mutation screening is a powerful tool for improvement of success rate of the trials for better patient selection and interpretation of clinical outcomes. Increasing number of patients are being screened for genetic alterations particularly in 'basket' trials that are offering new, genetic-oriented therapies to patients. Thus, in this review, we have searched databases of Pubmed and Clinicaltrials.gov for the past and current phase III and selected phase II ovarian cancer clinical trials with focus on gene profiling. Lessons from both successful and failed trials and implications of ongoing trials are discussed.
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Kasi A, Al-Jumayli M, Park R, Baranda J, Sun W. Update on the Role of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors in the DNA Repair-Deficient Pancreatic Cancers: A Narrative Review. J Pancreat Cancer 2020; 6:107-115. [PMID: 33376937 PMCID: PMC7757687 DOI: 10.1089/pancan.2020.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most common cancer found in the pancreas. It has a dismal prognosis and current therapeutic options, including surgical resection, provide only a temporary or limited response due to the development of treatment resistance. Methods: A narrative review of studies investigating poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) pathway inhibitors in metastatic PDAC to highlight recent advances. Results: Mutations in BRCA genes confer a higher risk of PDAC, while germ line mutations are found in 4-7% of individuals harboring pancreatic cancer. Although solid tumors with defective DNA damage repair defect (DDR) genes such as BRCA show heightened sensitivity to platinum agents, tumors can exploit the PARP pathway as salvage pathways. Therefore, blocking this pathway will trigger cell death in vulnerable tumor cells with BRCA/DNA repair deficiency. Several drugs with inhibitory activity on the PARP pathway have been approved for breast and ovarian tumors harboring germ line or somatic BRCA mutations. Based on these results, the phase III POLO study showed a significant improvement in progression-free survival compared with placebo in BRCA mutant pancreatic tumors and highlighted the importance of germ line testing in everyone diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. In addition, expansion of the PARP inhibitor indication beyond BRCA mutations to other genes involved in DDR such as ATM and PALB2 merits attention. Conclusion: PARP inhibitors represent a safe and efficacious treatment for a subset of PDAC patients with BRCA mutations. Ongoing trials are evaluating PARP inhibitors in PDAC patients with non-BRCA DDR gene deficiencies as well as PARP inhibitors in combination with other agents, notably immune checkpoint inhibitors to expand the group of patients that derive benefit from this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Kasi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kansas University Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Mohammed Al-Jumayli
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kansas University Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Robin Park
- Department of Medicine, MetroWest Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joaquina Baranda
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kansas University Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Weijing Sun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Kansas University Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Overview of New Treatments with Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer and a Proposal of a Combination Therapy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235686. [PMID: 33276556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
According to data from the U.S. National Cancer Institute, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide with approximately 14 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths in 2018. More than 60% of the new annual cases in the world occur in Africa, Asia, Central America, and South America, with 70% of cancer deaths in these regions. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with 266,120 new cases in American women and an estimated 40,920 deaths for 2018. Approximately one in six women diagnosed with breast cancer will die in the coming years. Recently, novel therapeutic strategies have been implemented in the fight against breast cancer, including molecules able to block signaling pathways, an inhibitor of poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP), growth receptor blocker antibodies, or those that reactivate the immune system by inhibiting the activities of inhibitory receptors like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death protein 1 (PD-1). However, novel targets include reactivating the Th1 immune response, changing tumor microenvironment, and co-activation of other components of the immune response such as natural killer cells and CD8+ T cells among others. In this article, we review advances in the treatment of breast cancer focused essentially on immunomodulatory drugs in targeted cancer therapy. Based on this knowledge, we formulate a proposal for the implementation of combined therapy using an extracorporeal immune response reactivation model and cytokines plus modulating antibodies for co-activation of the Th1- and natural killer cell (NK)-dependent immune response, either in situ or through autologous cell therapy. The implementation of "combination immunotherapy" is new hope in breast cancer treatment. Therefore, we consider the coordinated activation of each cell of the immune response that would probably produce better outcomes. Although more research is required, the results recently achieved by combination therapy suggest that for most, if not all, cancer patients, this tailored therapy may become a realistic approach in the near future.
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Tumor BRCA Testing in High Grade Serous Carcinoma: Mutation Rates and Optimal Tissue Requirements. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113468. [PMID: 33233347 PMCID: PMC7700467 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Approximately 25% of women diagnosed with tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma have germline deleterious mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, characteristic of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, while somatic mutations have been detected in 3–7%. We set out to determine the mutation rates and optimal tissue requirements for tumor BRCA testing in 291 tissue samples. Initial testing was successful in 78% and deemed indeterminate in 13%. Repeat testing was successful in 67% of retested samples, with an overall success rate of 86%. Clinically significant BRCA variants were identified in 17% of patients. Successful sequencing was dependent on sample type, tumor cellularity and size (p ≤ 0.001) but not on neoadjuvant chemotherapy or age of blocks. In summary, our study shows a 17% tumor BRCA mutation rate, with an overall success rate of 86%. Biopsy and cytology samples and post-chemotherapy specimens can be used, and optimal tumors measure ≥5 mm in size with at least 20% cellularity. Abstract Background: Approximately 25% of women diagnosed with tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma have germline deleterious mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, characteristic of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome, while somatic mutations have been detected in 3–7%. We set out to determine the BRCA mutation rates and optimal tissue requirements for tumor BRCA testing in patients diagnosed with tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. Methods: Sequencing was performed using a multiplexed polymerase chain reaction-based approach on 291 tissue samples, with a minimum sequencing depth of 500X and an allele frequency of >5%. Results: There were 253 surgical samples (87%), 35 biopsies (12%) and 3 cytology cell blocks (1%). The initial failure rate was 9% (25/291), including 9 cases (3%) with insufficient tumor, and 16 (6%) with non-amplifiable DNA. Sequencing was successful in 78% (228/291) and deemed indeterminate due to failed exons or variants below the limit of detection in 13% (38/291). Repeat testing was successful in 67% (28/42) of retested samples, with an overall success rate of 86% (251/291). Clinically significant (pathogenic, likely pathogenic) variants were identified in 17% (48/276) of complete and indeterminate cases. Successful sequencing was dependent on sample type, tumor cellularity and size (p ≤ 0.001) but not on neoadjuvant chemotherapy or age of blocks (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study shows a 17% tumor BRCA mutation rate, with an overall success rate of 86%. Biopsy and cytology samples and post-chemotherapy specimens can be used for tumor BRCA testing, and optimal tumors measure ≥5 mm in size with at least 20% cellularity.
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Principe DR, Narbutis M, Koch R, Rana A. Frequency and prognostic value of mutations associated with the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway in a large pan cancer cohort. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20223. [PMID: 33214570 PMCID: PMC7677533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76975-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy in the clinical management of several BRCA-mutated tumors. This approach is based on the long-standing hypothesis that PARP inhibition will impair the repair of single stranded breaks, causing synthetic lethality in tumors with loss of high-fidelity double-strand break homologous recombination. While this is now well accepted and has been the basis of several successful clinical trials, emerging evidence strongly suggests that mutation to several additional genes involved in homologous recombination may also have predictive value for PARP inhibitors. While this notion is supported by early clinical evidence, the mutation frequencies of these and other functionally related genes are largely unknown, particularly in cancers not classically associated with homologous recombination deficiency. We therefore evaluated the mutation status of 22 genes associated with the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway or PARP inhibitor sensitivity, first in a pan-cancer cohort of 55,586 patients, followed by a more focused analysis in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort of 12,153 patients. In both groups we observed high rates of mutations in a variety of HR-associated genes largely unexplored in the setting of PARP inhibition, many of which were associated also with poor clinical outcomes. We then extended our study to determine which mutations have a known oncogenic role, as well as similar to known oncogenic mutations that may have a similar phenotype. Finally, we explored the individual cancer histologies in which these genomic alterations are most frequent. We concluded that the rates of deleterious mutations affecting genes associated with the homologous recombination pathway may be underrepresented in a wide range of human cancers, and several of these genes warrant further and more focused investigation, particularly in the setting of PARP inhibition and HR deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Principe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Suite 601 Clinical Sciences Building, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew Narbutis
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Suite 601 Clinical Sciences Building, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Regina Koch
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood Street, Suite 601 Clinical Sciences Building, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Hodgson A, Turashvili G. Pathology of Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:531790. [PMID: 33117676 PMCID: PMC7550871 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.531790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome is most commonly characterized by deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2. HBOC patients are prone to the development of malignant neoplasms in multiple organs including the breast, ovary, and fallopian tube. From a pathological perspective, a number of morphological features have been described in BRCA-associated breast and tubo-ovarian cancers. For example, breast cancers diagnosed in BRCA1-mutation carriers are frequently of a high Nottingham grade and display medullary morphology and a triple-negative and/or a basal-like immunophenotype. In contrast, breast cancers in BRCA2-mutation carriers are similar to sporadic luminal-type tumors that are positive for hormone receptors and lack expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Cancers arising in the fallopian tube and ovary are almost exclusively of a high-grade serous histotype with frequent Solid, pseudo-Endometrioid, and Transitional cell carcinoma-like morphology (“SET features”), marked nuclear atypia, high mitotic index, abundant tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, and necrosis. In addition, pushing or infiltrative micropapillary patterns of invasion have been described in BRCA-associated metastases of tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas. Besides BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, alterations in a number of other homologous recombination genes with moderate penetrance, including PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D, BRIP1, and others, have also been described in HBOC patients with varying frequency; however, distinct morphological characteristics of these tumors have not been well characterized to date. In this review, the above pathological features are discussed in detail and a focus is placed on how accurate pathologic interpretation plays an important role in allowing HBOC patients to receive the best possible management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjelica Hodgson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gulisa Turashvili
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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A Pilot Study of the Predictive Potential of Chemosensitivity and Gene Expression Assays Using Circulating Tumour Cells from Patients with Recurrent Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134813. [PMID: 32646060 PMCID: PMC7370156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) from liquid biopsies are under current investigation in several cancers, including epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) but face significant drawbacks in terms of non-standardised methodology, low viable cell numbers and accuracy of CTC identification. In this pilot study, we report that chemosensitivity assays using liquid biopsy-derived metastatic EOC CTCs, from 10 patients, nine with stage IIIC and one with stage IV disease, in progression after systemic chemotherapy, submitted for hypoxic isolated abdominal perfusion (HAP), are both feasible and useful in predicting response to therapy. Viable metastatic EOC CTCs (>5 cells/mL for all 10 blood samples), enriched by transient culture and identified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF), were subjected to flow cytometry-based Annexin V-PE assays for chemosensitivity to several chemotherapeutic agents and by RT-PCR for tumour gene expression profiling. Using a cut-off value of >80% cell death, CTC chemosensitivity tests were predictive of patient RECIST 1.1 responses to HAP therapy associated with 100% sensitivity, 50% specificity, 33% positive predictive, 100% negative predictive and 60% accuracy values. We propose that the methodology employed in this study is feasible and has the potential to predict response to therapy, setting the stage for a larger study.
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Expression of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) in endometrial adenocarcinoma: Prognostic potential. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152965. [PMID: 32360251 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States endometrial carcinoma is the most common female gynecologic malignancy. An average of more than 60,000 new cases of endometrial carcinomas have been diagnosed yearly over the past 5 years, with a higher incidence occurring in the central Appalachian states of Ohio and West Virginia. In the U.S., the national average of newly diagnosed endometrial carcinomas is 26.8 in every 100,000 women, while in the states of Ohio and West Virginia the average is 30.5 and 31.1 in every 100,000 women, respectively. This notable increase in the incidence of endometrial carcinomas may be due a variety of elevated risk factors including but not limited to: tobacco use, obesity, and genetic predisposition of the predominant demographic. The American Cancer Society estimates that approximately 55,000 new cases of endometrial carcinoma will be diagnosed in 2020 yet, this disease is widely considered understudied and under-represented in mainstream cancer research circles. METHODS The aim of this study was to quantitate the co-expression of two DNA repair proteins poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 and 2 (Parp-1 and Parp-2) by enzyme- linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) in 60 endometrioid endometrial tumor samples and compare their expression to matched non-malignant endometrial tissue from the same corresponding donors from central Appalachia. RESULTS We found that Parp-1 was significantly overexpressed in endometrial carcinoma relative to corresponding normal tissue. This overexpression implicates Parp inhibition therapy as a possible treatment for the disease. Our results also found a protective effect of native Parp-2 expression in non-malignant endometrial tissue with each 1 ng/mL increase in PARP-2 concentration in normal tissue was associated with a 10 % reduction in the hazard of tumor progression (HR = 0.90; p = 0.039) and a 21 % reduction in the hazard of death (HR = 0.79; p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the over-expression of the druggable target Parp-1 in endometrial adenocarcinoma and observed a strong negative correlation of native Parp-2 expression and disease progression via the quantification of the Parp proteins using enzyme- linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) assays.
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Sahin ID, Jönsson JM, Hedenfalk I. Crizotinib and PARP inhibitors act synergistically by triggering apoptosis in high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:6981-6996. [PMID: 31857852 PMCID: PMC6916751 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the predominant and most lethal histological type of epithelial ovarian cancer. During the last few years, several new treatment options with PARP inhibitors have emerged. The FDA has approved the PARP inhibitor olaparib (Lynparza™) as maintenance treatment after first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy and olaparib, niraparib (Zejula™) and rucaparib (Rubraca™) are approved as maintenance therapies in the recurrent, platinum-sensitive setting; nevertheless, development of resistance limits their efficacy. In this study, new combinatorial treatment strategies targeting key signaling pathways were explored to enhance the activity of PARP inhibitors in HGSOC. Carboplatin, olaparib, niraparib, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the c-Met inhibitor crizotinib were used for this investigation. PARP inhibitors and carboplatin alone and in combination caused accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks and G2/M cell cycle arrest. In contrast, crizotinib alone or in combination with PARP inhibitors induced accumulation of cells in sub-G1. Crizotinib together with either of the PARP inhibitors was more strongly synergistic than combinations with a PARP inhibitor and carboplatin or the PI3K inhibitor. Sequential combination of crizotinib and a PARP inhibitor resulted in activation of ATM/CHK2 and inhibition of c-Met pathways, contributing to a decrease in RAD51 levels and induction of caspase-3 dependent apoptotic cell death and suggesting that the combination of crizotinib with a PARP inhibitor may be considered and further explored as a new therapeutic strategy in HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Durmaz Sahin
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jenny-Maria Jönsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Gupta S, Nag S, Aggarwal S, Rauthan A, Warrier N. Maintenance therapy for recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: current therapies and future perspectives - a review. J Ovarian Res 2019; 12:103. [PMID: 31685032 PMCID: PMC6827246 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-019-0579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is usually diagnosed late at an advanced stage. Though EOC initially responds to treatment, the recurrence rate is pretty high. The efficacy of different targeted therapies reduces with each recurrence. Hence there is need of effective maintenance therapy in recurrent EOC. Recently, polyADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) have been approved both for initial treatment of EOC and as its maintenance treatment. PARPi have also been found to act regardless of BRCA status or homologous recombination (HR) deficiency. Several trials testing PARPi early in maintenance therapy are in progress and their results will shed light on the optimal timing of maintenance therapy that gives the most benefit with least toxicity. Right patient selection for maintenance treatment is also a challenge. Hence, though PARPi are emerging as a promising maintenance treatment in recurrent EOC with prolongation of progression free survival (PFS), results from further trials and overall survival (OS) data from current trials are awaited to fulfill the gaps in understanding the role of this pathway in treatment of EOC. This review discusses the current therapies for EOC, challenges in the treatment of recurrent EOC, recent developments and trials in recurrent EOC maintenance with special focus on PARPi and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeep Gupta
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Room 305, 3rd Floor, Paymaster Shodhika, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai, 410210, India.
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Ali R, Alabdullah M, Alblihy A, Miligy I, Mesquita KA, Chan SY, Moseley P, Rakha EA, Madhusudan S. PARP1 blockade is synthetically lethal in XRCC1 deficient sporadic epithelial ovarian cancers. Cancer Lett 2019; 469:124-133. [PMID: 31669203 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PARP1 inhibitor (Niraparib, Olaparib, Rucaparib) maintenance therapy improves progression-free survival in platinum sensitive sporadic epithelial ovarian cancers. However, biomarkers of response to PARPi therapy is yet to be clearly defined. XRCC1, a scaffolding protein, interacts with PARP1 during BER and SSBR. In a large clinical cohort of 525 sporadic ovarian cancers, high XRCC1 or high PARP1 protein levels was not only associated with aggressive phenotypes but was also significantly linked with poor progression-free survival (p = 0.048 & p = 0.001 respectively) and poor ovarian cancer-specific survival (p = 0.020 & p = 0.008 respectively). Pre-clinically, Olaparib and Talazoparib therapy were selectively toxic in XRCC1 deficient or knock-out platinum sensitive ovarian cancer cells in 2D and 3D models. Increased sensitivity was associated with DNA double-strand break accumulation, cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell accumulation. We conclude that XRCC1 deficiency predicts sensitivity to PARP inhibitor therapy. PARP1 targeting is a promising new approach in XRCC1 deficient ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ali
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Muslim Alabdullah
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK
| | - Adel Alblihy
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Islam Miligy
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK
| | - Katia A Mesquita
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Stephen Yt Chan
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Paul Moseley
- Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG51PB, UK
| | - Srinivasan Madhusudan
- Translational Oncology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK; Department of Oncology, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK.
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Parmakhtiar B, Burger RA, Kim JH, Fruehauf JP. HIF Inactivation of p53 in Ovarian Cancer Can Be Reversed by Topotecan, Restoring Cisplatin and Paclitaxel Sensitivity. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1675-1686. [PMID: 31088908 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer growth under hypoxic conditions results in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) stabilization. HIF1α is an adverse prognostic factor that may contribute to worse outcomes via its capacity to bind to p53, potentially blocking p53-mediated apoptosis. We determined whether HIF1α-p53 binding occurred in hypoxic ovarian cancer cell lines, and if this blocked p53 transcriptional activity. Topotecan (TPT), used in the treatment of ovarian cancer, inhibits HIF1α translation via a topoisomerase-1 (TOPO1)-dependent mechanism. We examined if TPT knockdown of HIF1α restored p53 transcriptional function. TPT effects on HIF1α and p53-related transcriptional targets were assessed by PCR. Associations between TPT effects and TOPO1 expression levels were examined by Western blots and knockdown by siRNA. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation was used to assess if TOPO1 was resident on HIF1α mRNA. We determined if sublethal doses of TPT, used to knockdown HIF1α, reversed hypoxia-related cisplatin and paclitaxel resistance (XTT assay). Flow cytometry was used to assess HIF1α-mediated upregulation of ABCB1 and ABCB5 efflux pump expression. We found that HIF1α binding to, and inhibition of, p53 transcriptional activity in hypoxic ovarian cancer cells was associated with drug resistance. TPT-mediated downregulation of HIF1α in hypoxic cells required TOPO1 resident on HIF1α mRNA, restored p53 transcriptional activity, downregulated ABCB1/ABCB5 cell surface expression, and reversed hypoxia-related cisplatin and paclitaxel resistance. IMPLICATIONS: TPT-mediated reduction of HIF1α accumulation in hypoxic ovarian cancer cell lines restores p53 tumor-suppressor function, offering a novel approach to reverse chemoresistance. Further clinical investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basmina Parmakhtiar
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Robert A Burger
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jai-Hyun Kim
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange, California
| | - John P Fruehauf
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California. .,Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange, California
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Zhu Y, Liu J, Park J, Rai P, Zhai RG. Subcellular compartmentalization of NAD + and its role in cancer: A sereNADe of metabolic melodies. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:27-41. [PMID: 30974124 PMCID: PMC7010080 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential biomolecule involved in many critical processes. Its role as both a driver of energy production and a signaling molecule underscores its importance in health and disease. NAD+ signaling impacts multiple processes that are dysregulated in cancer, including DNA repair, cell proliferation, differentiation, redox regulation, and oxidative stress. Distribution of NAD+ is highly compartmentalized, with each subcellular NAD+ pool differentially regulated and preferentially involved in distinct NAD+-dependent signaling or metabolic events. Emerging evidence suggests that targeting NAD+ metabolism is likely to repress many specific mechanisms underlying tumor development and progression, including proliferation, survival, metabolic adaptations, invasive capabilities, heterotypic interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and stress response including notably DNA maintenance and repair. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of how compartmentalized NAD+ metabolism in mitochondria, nucleus, cytosol, and extracellular space impacts cancer formation and progression, along with a discussion of the therapeutic potential of NAD+-targeting drugs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China
| | - Joun Park
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Priyamvada Rai
- Department of Medicine/Medical Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Rong G Zhai
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, China.
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Luan J, Gao X, Hu F, Zhang Y, Gou X. SLFN11 is a general target for enhancing the sensitivity of cancer to chemotherapy (DNA-damaging agents). J Drug Target 2019; 28:33-40. [PMID: 31092045 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1616746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In patients with cancer, drug tolerance often occurs during the use of chemotherapy drugs, seriously affecting patient prognosis and survival. Therefore, scientists began to study the factors that affect chemotherapy drug sensitivity, and the high correlation between Schlafen-11 (SLFN11) and sensitivity to chemical drugs (mainly DNA-damaging agents, DDAs) has received increasing attention since it was discovered through bioinformatics analyses. Regarding the mechanism, SLFN11 may sensitise cells to chemotherapy drugs by preventing DNA damage repair. In recent years, SLFN11 has gradually become a hot research topic, and the results are enriching our understanding of this molecule. Indeed, the biological functions of SLFN11 under normal physiological conditions and in cancer, changes in its expression levels and mechanisms promoting apoptosis within the context of chemotherapeutic interventions have gradually been uncovered. Studies to date provide knowledge and the experimental and theoretical bases underlying SLFN11 and its effects on sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. This review summarises the existing research on SLFN11 with the aim of achieving a more comprehensive understanding and furthering the development of strategies to target SLFN11 in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingchun Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengrui Hu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xingchun Gou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain Disorders & Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Gollmer J, Zirlik A, Bugger H. Established and Emerging Mechanisms of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. J Lipid Atheroscler 2019; 8:26-47. [PMID: 32821697 PMCID: PMC7379081 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2019.8.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus increases the risk for the development of heart failure even in the absence of coronary artery disease and hypertension, a cardiac entity termed diabetic cardiomyopathy (DC). Clinically, DC is increasingly recognized and typically characterized by concentric cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, ultimately resulting in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and potentially even heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Numerous molecular mechanisms have been proposed to underlie the alterations in myocardial structure and function in DC, many of which show similar alterations in the failing heart. Well investigated and established mechanisms of DC include increased myocardial fibrosis, enhanced apoptosis, oxidative stress, impaired intracellular calcium handling, substrate metabolic alterations, and inflammation, among others. In addition, a number of novel mechanisms that receive increasing attention have been identified in recent years, including autophagy, dysregulation of microRNAs, epigenetic mechanisms, and alterations in mitochondrial protein acetylation, dynamics and quality control. This review aims to provide an overview and update of established underlying mechanisms of DC, as well as a discussion of recently identified and emerging mechanisms that may also contribute to the structural and functional alterations in DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Gollmer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heiko Bugger
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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ERCC1-XPF deficiency is a predictor of olaparib induced synthetic lethality and platinum sensitivity in epithelial ovarian cancers. Gynecol Oncol 2019; 153:416-424. [PMID: 30797591 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE PARP inhibitor maintenance therapy in platinum sensitive sporadic ovarian cancers improves progression free survival. However, biomarker for synthetic lethality in platinum sensitive sporadic disease is yet to be defined. ERCC1-XPF heterodimer is a key player in nucleotide excision repair (NER) involved in the repair of platinum induced DNA damage. In the current study, we tested whether ERCC1-XPF deficiency would predict synthetic lethality to the PARP inhibitor Olaparib and platinum sensitivity in ovarian cancers. METHODS ERCC1, XPF and PARP1 protein expression was evaluated in tumors from a cohort of 331 patients treated at Nottingham University Hospitals and correlated to clinicopathological features and survival. Pre-clinically, ERCC1 and XPF was depleted in A2780 (platinum sensitive) and A2780cis (platinum resistant) ovarian cancer cell lines and tested for platinum sensitivity as well as for Olaparib induced synthetic lethality. RESULTS Low ERCC1 was significantly associated with improved progression free survival (PFS) in patients with ovarian cancers in univariate (p = 0.001) and multivariate (p = 0.002) analysis. In addition, low ERCC1/low XPF (p = 0.003) or low ERCC1/low PARP1 (p = 0.0001) tumors was also linked to better PFS compared to high ERCC1/high XPF or high ERCC1/high PARP1 tumors. Pre-clinically, ERCC1 or XPF depletion not only increased platinum sensitivity but also increased toxicity to Olaparib therapy. Increased sensitivity was associated with DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) accumulation, cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. CONCLUSION The data provide evidence that low ERCC1 is not only a predictor of platinum sensitivity but is also a promising biomarker for Olaparib induced synthetic lethality in ovarian cancers.
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NADP + is an endogenous PARP inhibitor in DNA damage response and tumor suppression. Nat Commun 2019; 10:693. [PMID: 30741937 PMCID: PMC6370829 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a unique posttranslational modification catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) using NAD+ as ADP-ribose donor. PARPs play an indispensable role in DNA damage repair and small molecule PARP inhibitors have emerged as potent anticancer drugs. However, to date, PARP inhibitor treatment has been restricted to patients with BRCA1/2 mutation-associated breast and ovarian cancer. One of the major challenges to extend the therapeutic potential of PARP inhibitors to other cancer types is the absence of predictive biomarkers. Here, we show that ovarian cancer cells with higher level of NADP+, an NAD+ derivative, are more sensitive to PARP inhibitors. We demonstrate that NADP+ acts as a negative regulator and suppresses ADP-ribosylation both in vitro and in vivo. NADP+ impairs ADP-ribosylation-dependent DNA damage repair and sensitizes tumor cell to chemically synthesized PARP inhibitors. Taken together, our study identifies NADP+ as an endogenous PARP inhibitor that may have implications in cancer treatment. Cancer cells respond differently to inhibitors of Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Here the authors reveal that ovarian cancer cells with higher cellular NADP+ levels are more sensitive to clinically relevant PARP1 inhibitors and show that NADP+ act as an endogenous inhibitor of PARP enzymes.
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Giri P, Gupta L, Singh S, Patel N, Srinivas NR, Srivastva BK, Desai RC, Patel PR. Assessment of the in vitro cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition potential of ZYTP1, a novel poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:1164-1172. [PMID: 30488748 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1546916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ZYTP1 is a novel Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase protein inhibitor being developed for cancer indications. The focus of the work was to determine if ZYTP1 had a perpetrator role in the in vitro inhibition of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to aid dosing decisions during the clinical development of ZYTP1. ZYTP1 IC50 for CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4/5 was determined using human liver microsomes and LC-MS/MS detection. CYP3A4/5 IC50 of depropylated metabolite of ZYTP1 was also determined. Time dependent inhibition of CYP3A4/5 by ZYTP1 was also assessed using substrates, testosterone and midazolam. The mean IC50 values of ZYTP1 were >100 µM for CYP1A2, 2B6 and 2D6, while 56.1, 24.5, 39.5 and 23.3-58.7 µM for CYP2C8, 2C9, 2C19 and 3A4/5, respectively. The CYP3A4/5 IC50 of depropylated metabolite was 11.95-24.51 µM. Time dependent CYP3A4/5 inhibition was noted for testosterone and midazolam with IC50 shift of 10.9- and 39.9-fold, respectively. With midazolam, the kinact and KI values of ZYTP1 were 0.075 min-1 and 4.47 µM for the CYP3A4/5 time dependent inhibition, respectively. Because of potent inhibition of CYP3A4/5, drugs that undergo metabolism via CYP3A4/5 pathway should be avoided during ZYTP1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Giri
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Zydus Research Centre , Ahmadabad , India
| | - Lakshmikant Gupta
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Zydus Research Centre , Ahmadabad , India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Zydus Research Centre , Ahmadabad , India
| | - Nirmal Patel
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Zydus Research Centre , Ahmadabad , India
| | - Nuggehally R Srinivas
- a Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Zydus Research Centre , Ahmadabad , India
| | | | - Ranjit C Desai
- b Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Zydus Research Centre , Ahmadabad , India
| | - Pankaj R Patel
- c Zydus Research Centre , Cadila Healthcare Ltd , Ahmadabad , India
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Kam TI, Mao X, Park H, Chou SC, Karuppagounder SS, Umanah GE, Yun SP, Brahmachari S, Panicker N, Chen R, Andrabi SA, Qi C, Poirier GG, Pletnikova O, Troncoso JC, Bekris LM, Leverenz JB, Pantelyat A, Ko HS, Rosenthal LS, Dawson TM, Dawson VL. Poly(ADP-ribose) drives pathologic α-synuclein neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Science 2018; 362:eaat8407. [PMID: 30385548 PMCID: PMC6431793 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat8407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pathologic accumulation and aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) underlies Parkinson's disease (PD). The molecular mechanisms by which pathologic α-syn causes neurodegeneration in PD are not known. Here, we found that pathologic α-syn activates poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), and PAR generation accelerates the formation of pathologic α-syn, resulting in cell death via parthanatos. PARP inhibitors or genetic deletion of PARP-1 prevented pathologic α-syn toxicity. In a feed-forward loop, PAR converted pathologic α-syn to a more toxic strain. PAR levels were increased in the cerebrospinal fluid and brains of patients with PD, suggesting that PARP activation plays a role in PD pathogenesis. Thus, strategies aimed at inhibiting PARP-1 activation could hold promise as a disease-modifying therapy to prevent the loss of dopamine neurons in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-In Kam
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Hyejin Park
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Shih-Ching Chou
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Senthilkumar S Karuppagounder
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - George Essien Umanah
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Saurav Brahmachari
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Nikhil Panicker
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Shaida A Andrabi
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chen Qi
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Guy G Poirier
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Pavillon CHUL, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Olga Pletnikova
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Juan C Troncoso
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lynn M Bekris
- Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - James B Leverenz
- Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Neurological Institute, and Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Alexander Pantelyat
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Han Seok Ko
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA 70130-2685, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Krainz T, Lamade AM, Du L, Maskrey TS, Calderon MJ, Watkins SC, Epperly MW, Greenberger JS, Bayır H, Wipf P, Clark RSB. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Mitochondria-Targeting Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase-1 Inhibitor. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:2868-2879. [PMID: 30184433 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.8b00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes plays a crucial role in cellular and molecular processes including DNA damage detection and repair and transcription; indeed, PARP inhibitors are under clinical evaluation as chemotherapeutic adjuncts given their capacity to impede genomic DNA repair in tumor cells. Conversely, overactivation of PARP can lead to NAD+ depletion, mitochondrial energy failure, and cell death. Since PARP activation facilitates genomic but impedes mitochondrial DNA repair, nonselective PARP inhibitors are likely to have opposing effects in these cellular compartments. Herein, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of the mitochondria-targeting PARP inhibitor, XJB-veliparib. Attachment of the hemigramicidin S pentapeptide isostere for mitochondrial targeting using a flexible linker at the primary amide site of veliparib did not disrupt PARP affinity or inhibition. XJB-veliparib was effective at low nanomolar concentrations (10-100 nM) and more potent than veliparib in protection from oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in primary cortical neurons. Both XJB-veliparib and veliparib (10 nM) preserved mitochondrial NAD+ after OGD; however, only XJB-veliparib prevented release of NAD+ into cytosol. XJB-veliparib (10 nM) appeared to inhibit poly(ADP-ribose) polymer formation in mitochondria and preserve mitochondrial cytoarchitecture after OGD in primary cortical neurons. After 10 nM exposure, XJB-veliparib was detected by LC-MS in mitochondria but not nuclear-enriched fractions in neurons and was observed in mitoplasts stripped of the outer mitochondrial membrane obtained from HT22 cells. XJB-veliparib was also effective at preventing glutamate-induced HT22 cell death at micromolar concentrations. Importantly, in HT22 cells exposed to H2O2 to produce DNA damage, XJB-veliparib (10 μM) had no effect on nuclear DNA repair, in contrast to veliparib (10 μM) where DNA repair was retarded. XJB-veliparib and analogous mitochondria-targeting PARP inhibitors warrant further evaluation in vitro and in vivo, particularly in conditions where PARP overactivation leads to mitochondrial energy failure and maintenance of genomic DNA integrity is desirable, e.g., ischemia, oxidative stress, and radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Krainz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Andrew M. Lamade
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Lina Du
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Taber S. Maskrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael J. Calderon
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Michael W. Epperly
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
| | - Joel S. Greenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15232, United States
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, United States
- Children’s Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, United States
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Robert S. B. Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
- Children’s Neuroscience Institute, Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224, United States
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Atrafi F, Groen HJ, Byers LA, Garralda E, Lolkema MP, Sangha RS, Viteri S, Chae YK, Camidge DR, Gabrail NY, Hu B, Tian T, Nuthalapati S, Hoening E, He L, Komarnitsky P, Calles A. A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study of Veliparib Combined with Carboplatin and Etoposide in Patients with Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer and Other Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:496-505. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu Y, Meng J, Wang G. Risk of selected gastrointestinal toxicities associated with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in the treatment of ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis of published trials. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2018; 12:3013-3019. [PMID: 30271116 PMCID: PMC6147204 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s164553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aims We aimed to comprehensively assess the risk of gastrointestinal toxicities associated with poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) in the treatment of ovarian cancer patients. Materials and methods We searched several databases for relevant trials. Eligible studies included prospective Phase II and III trials of ovarian cancer patients on the four PARPis (olaparib, veliparib, niraparib and rucaparib), describing events of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Summary incidence, relative risk (RR), and 95% CIs were calculated employing fixed- or random-effects models. Results A total of 2,286 ovarian cancer patients from 12 trials were included for analysis. Our results showed that summary incidences of all-grade gastrointestinal events in ovarian cancer patients were nausea 68.8% (95% CI, 63.5%–73.6%), vomiting 36.2% (95% CI, 30.9%–41.8%), diarrhea 25.3% (95% CI, 21.2%–29.8%), and constipation 25.3% (95% CI, 17.9%–34.5%). The RRs of all-grade nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation were 2.00 (95% CI: 1.79–2.24; P<0.001), 2.12 (95% CI: 1.75–2.58; P<0.001), 1.20 (95% CI: 1.01–1.44; P=0.044), and 1.20 (95% CI: 0.88–1.80; P=0.21); respectively. While, the RRs of high-grade nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation were 3.74 (95% CI: 1.50–9.36; P=0.005), 2.81 (95% CI: 1.17–6.74; P=0.02), 0.56 (95% CI: 0.22–1.43; P=0.23), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.34–2.49, P=0.87); respectively. Conclusion Our study suggests that the risk of all-grade gastrointestinal toxicities associated with PARPis, excepting constipation, is significantly increased in ovarian cancer patients. And the use of PARPis significantly increased the risk of developing high-grade nausea and vomiting, but not for diarrhea and constipation. Close clinical monitoring is recommended when administering these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Jun Meng
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China,
| | - Guichan Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics, Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China,
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Shen JP, Ideker T. Synthetic Lethal Networks for Precision Oncology: Promises and Pitfalls. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:2900-2912. [PMID: 29932943 PMCID: PMC6097899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic lethal interactions, in which the simultaneous loss of function of two genes produces a lethal phenotype, are being explored as a means to therapeutically exploit cancer-specific vulnerabilities and expand the scope of precision oncology. Currently, three Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs work by targeting the synthetic lethal interaction between BRCA1/2 and PARP. This review examines additional efforts to discover networks of synthetic lethal interactions and discusses both challenges and opportunities regarding the translation of new synthetic lethal interactions into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Shen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Cancer Cell Map Initiative, USA.
| | - Trey Ideker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Cancer Cell Map Initiative, USA
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