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Praveen Kumar PK, Sundar H, Balakrishnan K, Subramaniam S, Ramachandran H, Kevin M, Michael Gromiha M. The Role of HSP90 and TRAP1 Targets on Treatment in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01151-4. [PMID: 38684604 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant form of liver cancer and arises due to dysregulation of the cell cycle control machinery. Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) and mitochondrial HSP90, also referred to as TRAP1 are important critical chaperone target receptors for early diagnosis and targeting HCC. Both HSP90 and TRAP1 expression was found to be higher in HCC patients. Hence, the importance of HSP90 and TRAP1 inhibitors mechanism and mitochondrial targeted delivery of those inhibitors function is widely studied. This review also focuses on importance of protein-protein interactions of HSP90 and TRAP1 targets and association of its interacting proteins in various pathways of HCC. To further elucidate the mechanism, systems biology approaches and computational biology approach studies are well explored in the association of inhibition of herbal plant molecules with HSP90 and its mitochondrial type in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Praveen Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India.
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
| | - Harini Sundar
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Kamalavarshini Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Sakthivel Subramaniam
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - Hemalatha Ramachandran
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - M Kevin
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Sriperumbudur Tk, Tamil Nadu, 602117, India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
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2
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Zheng BX, Long W, Zheng W, Zeng Y, Guo XC, Chan KH, She MT, Leung ASL, Lu YJ, Wong WL. Mitochondria-Selective Dicationic Small-Molecule Ligand Targeting G-Quadruplex Structures for Human Colorectal Cancer Therapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6292-6312. [PMID: 38624086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important drug targets for anticancer and other disease therapies. Certain human mitochondrial DNA sequences capable of forming G-quadruplex structures (G4s) are emerging drug targets of small molecules. Despite some mitochondria-selective ligands being reported for drug delivery against cancers, the ligand design is mostly limited to the triphenylphosphonium scaffold. The ligand designed with lipophilic small-sized scaffolds bearing multipositive charges targeting the unique feature of high mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) is lacking and most mitochondria-selective ligands are not G4-targeting. Herein, we report a new small-sized dicationic lipophilic ligand to target MMP and mitochondrial DNA G4s to enhance drug delivery for anticancer. The ligand showed marked alteration of mitochondrial gene expression and substantial induction of ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, cellular senescence, and apoptosis. The ligand also exhibited high anticancer activity against HCT116 cancer cells (IC50, 3.4 μM) and high antitumor efficacy in the HCT116 tumor xenograft mouse model (∼70% tumor weight reduction).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Wei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Wende Zheng
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Yaoxun Zeng
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Chun Guo
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ka-Hin Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Meng-Ting She
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
| | - Alan Siu-Lun Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yu-Jing Lu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wing-Leung Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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3
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Elradi M, Ahmed AI, Saleh AM, Abdel-Raouf KMA, Berika L, Daoud Y, Amleh A. Derivation of a novel antimicrobial peptide from the Red Sea Brine Pools modified to enhance its anticancer activity against U2OS cells. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:14. [PMID: 38491556 PMCID: PMC10943910 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer associated drug resistance is a major cause for cancer aggravation, particularly as conventional therapies have presented limited efficiency, low specificity, resulting in long term deleterious side effects. Peptide based drugs have emerged as potential alternative cancer treatment tools due to their selectivity, ease of design and synthesis, safety profile, and low cost of manufacturing. In this study, we utilized the Red Sea metagenomics database, generated during AUC/KAUST Red Sea microbiome project, to derive a viable anticancer peptide (ACP). We generated a set of peptide hits from our library that shared similar composition to ACPs. A peptide with a homeodomain was selected, modified to improve its anticancer properties, verified to maintain high anticancer properties, and processed for further in-silico prediction of structure and function. The peptide's anticancer properties were then assessed in vitro on osteosarcoma U2OS cells, through cytotoxicity assay (MTT assay), scratch-wound healing assay, apoptosis/necrosis detection assay (Annexin/PI assay), RNA expression analysis of Caspase 3, KI67 and Survivin, and protein expression of PARP1. L929 mouse fibroblasts were also assessed for cytotoxicity treatment. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of the peptide was also examined on E coli and S. aureus, as sample representative species of the human bacterial microbiome, by examining viability, disk diffusion, morphological assessment, and hemolytic analysis. We observed a dose dependent cytotoxic response from peptide treatment of U2OS, with a higher tolerance in L929s. Wound closure was debilitated in cells exposed to the peptide, while annexin fluorescent imaging suggested peptide treatment caused apoptosis as a major mode of cell death. Caspase 3 gene expression was not altered, while KI67 and Survivin were both downregulated in peptide treated cells. Additionally, PARP-1 protein analysis showed a decrease in expression with peptide exposure. The peptide exhibited minimal antimicrobial activity on critical human microbiome species E. coli and S. aureus, with a low inhibition rate, maintenance of structural morphology and minimal hemolytic impact. These findings suggest our novel peptide displayed preliminary ACP properties against U2OS cells, through limited specificity, while triggering apoptosis as a primary mode of cell death and while having minimal impact on the microbiological species E. coli and S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Elradi
- Biotechnology Program, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Ahmed
- Biology Department, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saleh
- Biology Department, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Lina Berika
- Biology Department, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yara Daoud
- Biology Department, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asma Amleh
- Biotechnology Program, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt.
- Biology Department, American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt.
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Xu R, Huang L, Liu J, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Li R, Su S, Xu X. Remodeling of Mitochondrial Metabolism by a Mitochondria-Targeted RNAi Nanoplatform for Effective Cancer Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305923. [PMID: 37919865 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated the significant contribution of mitochondrial metabolism dysfunction to promote cancer development and progression. Aberrant expression of mitochondrial genome (mtDNA)-encoded proteins widely involves mitochondrial metabolism dysfunction, and targeted regulation of their expression can be an effective strategy for cancer therapy, which however is challenged due to the protection by the mitochondrial double membrane. Herein, a mitochondria-targeted RNAi nanoparticle (NP) platform for effective regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and breast cancer (BCa) therapy is developed. This nanoplatform is composed of a hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) shell, a hydrophobic poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDPA) core, and charged-mediated complexes of mitochondria-targeting and membrane-penetrating peptide amphiphile (MMPA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) embedded in the core. After tumor accumulation and internalization by tumor cells, these NPs can respond to the endosomal pH to expose the MMPA/siRNA complexes, which can specifically transport siRNA into the mitochondria to down-regulate mtDNA-encoded protein expression (e.g., ATP6 and CYB). More importantly, because ATP6 down-regulation can suppress ATP production and enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation to induce mitochondrial damage and mtDNA leakage into tumor tissues, the NPs can combinatorially inhibit tumor growth via suppressing ATP production and repolarizing tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into tumor-inhibiting M1-like macrophages by mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Linzhuo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Ya Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Rong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, P. R. China
| | - Shicheng Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Medical Nanomaterials, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, P. R. China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
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Novitasari D, Nakamae I, Istighfari Jenie R, Yoneda-Kato N, Kato JY, Meiyanto E. Pentagamavunone-1 inhibits aggressive breast cancer cell proliferation through mitotic catastrophe and ROS-mediated activities: in vitro and in vivo studies. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101892. [PMID: 38146327 PMCID: PMC10749286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentagamavunone-1 (PGV-1), an analog of curcumin, has been studied for its cytotoxic effects in 4T1, MCF7, MCF7/HER2, and T47D breast cancer cells. Its antiproliferative effect is partly mediated through G2/M arrest; however, its molecular mechanism during cell cycle progression remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine whether PGV-1 has any anticancer effects on highly aggressive breast cancer cells, with a focus on cell cycle regulatory activity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and their mediated effects on cancer cells. MDA-MB-231 (triple-negative) and HCC1954 (overexpressed HER2) immortalized human breast cancer cells were used in the study. PGV-1 exhibited cytotoxic activity with an irreversible antiproliferative impact on treated cells and had good selectivity when tested in fibroblast cells. Oral PGV-1 administration suppressed tumor growth in a cell-derived xenograft mouse model. PGV-1 induced the phosphorylation of Aurora A kinase and PLK1 in MDA-MB-231 cells, while PLK1 and cyclin B1 phosphorylation were enhanced in the PGV-1-treated HCC1954 cells during prometaphase arrest. Intracellular ROS production was substantially higher upon PGV-1 treatment following mitotic arrest, and this activity caused impairment of mitochondrial respiration, induced senescence, and subsequently triggered early-to-late apoptosis. Collectively, these results suggest that the molecular mechanism of PGV-1 involves the regulation of mitotic kinases to cause cell cycle arrest and the enhancement of ROS production to impair mitochondrial activity and induce cellular senescence. The therapeutic activities demonstrated by PGV-1 in this study show its potential as an appealing candidate for chemotherapy in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhania Novitasari
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ikuko Nakamae
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Riris Istighfari Jenie
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Noriko Yoneda-Kato
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Jun-ya Kato
- Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Edy Meiyanto
- Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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6
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Vasileva L, Gaynanova G, Kuznetsova D, Valeeva F, Lyubina A, Amerhanova S, Voloshina A, Sibgatullina G, Samigullin D, Petrov K, Zakharova L. Mitochondria-Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles Loaded with Rotenone as a New Approach for the Treatment of Oncological Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:7229. [PMID: 37894708 PMCID: PMC10609561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This research is based on the concept that mitochondria are a promising target for anticancer therapy, including thatassociated with the use of oxidative phosphorylation blockers (mitochondrial poisons). Liposomes based on L-α-phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol (Chol) modified with cationic surfactants with triphenylphosphonium (TPPB-n, where n = 10, 12, 14, and 16) and imidazolium (IA-n(OH), where n = 10, 12, 14, and 16) head groups were obtained. The physicochemical characteristics of liposomes at different surfactant/lipid molar ratios were determined by dynamic/electrophoretic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and spectrophotometry. The hydrodynamic diameter of all the systems was within 120 nm with a polydispersity index of no more than 0.24 even after 2 months of storage. It was shown that cationization of liposomes leads to an increase in the internalization of nanocontainers in pancreatic carcinoma (PANC-1) and duodenal adenocarcinoma (HuTu 80) cells compared with unmodified liposomes. Also, using confocal microscopy, it was shown that liposomes modified with TPPB-14 and IA-14(OH) statistically better colocalize with the mitochondria of tumor cells compared with unmodified ones. At the next stage, the mitochondrial poison rotenone (ROT) was loaded into cationic liposomes. It was shown that the optimal loading concentration of ROT is 0.1 mg/mL. The Korsmeyer-Peppas and Higuchi kinetic models were used to describe the release mechanism of ROT from liposomes in vitro. A significant reduction in the IC50 value for the modified liposomes compared with free ROT was shown and, importantly, a higher degree of selectivity for the HuTu 80 cell line compared with the normal cells (SI value is 307 and 113 for PC/Chol/TPPB-14/ROT and PC/Chol/IA-14(OH)/ROT, respectively) occurred. It was shown that the treatment of HuTu 80 cells with ROT-loaded cationic liposomal formulations leads to a dose-dependent decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leysan Vasileva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Gulnara Gaynanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Darya Kuznetsova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Farida Valeeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Anna Lyubina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Syumbelya Amerhanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Alexandra Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Guzel Sibgatullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Dmitry Samigullin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2/31 Lobachevsky Str., Kazan 420111, Russia
| | - Konstantin Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Lucia Zakharova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Arbuzov Str., Kazan 420088, Russia
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Zhou Q, Xiang J, Qiu N, Wang Y, Piao Y, Shao S, Tang J, Zhou Z, Shen Y. Tumor Abnormality-Oriented Nanomedicine Design. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10920-10989. [PMID: 37713432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer nanomedicines have been proven effective in mitigating the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, challenges remain in augmenting their therapeutic efficacy. Nanomedicines responsive to the pathological abnormalities in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are expected to overcome the biological limitations of conventional nanomedicines, enhance the therapeutic efficacies, and further reduce the side effects. This Review aims to quantitate the various pathological abnormalities in the TME, which may serve as unique endogenous stimuli for the design of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines, and to provide a broad and objective perspective on the current understanding of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines for cancer treatment. We dissect the typical transport process and barriers of cancer drug delivery, highlight the key design principles of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines designed to tackle the series of barriers in the typical drug delivery process, and discuss the "all-into-one" and "one-for-all" strategies for integrating the needed properties for nanomedicines. Ultimately, we provide insight into the challenges and future perspectives toward the clinical translation of stimuli-responsive nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajia Xiang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Nasha Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yechun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ying Piao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shiqun Shao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianbin Tang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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8
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Shao X, Yin J, Wang D, Huang E, Zhang Y, Yin JC, Huang C, Wu H, Wu X. Case Report: A rare synchronous multiple gastric carcinoma achieved progression-free disease through NGS-guided serial treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1195837. [PMID: 37496667 PMCID: PMC10366596 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1195837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Synchronous multiple gastric carcinoma (SMGC) is a rare condition characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of two or more primary malignant tumors in the stomach, each with its own distinct pathological morphology. SMGC differs from gastric metastases, which originate from primary gastric or non-gastric tumors. At present, the incidence of SMGC is low in China, with no established guidelines for standard treatment. Here, we report a rare case of advanced SMGC that achieved long-lasting clinical benefits through a treatment strategy informed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Dynamically monitoring of the tumor and/or circulating cell-free DNA guided the patient's treatment sequentially. The patient received anti-HER2 therapy, followed by immunotherapy, pembrolizumab in combination with trastuzumab and chemotherapy, and ultimately underwent successful total gastrectomy. This case highlights a novel approach of utilizing liquid biopsy-based NGS to gain insights into disease progression and molecular response to NGS-guided treatment in SMGC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Medicine, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Erjiong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yini Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiani C. Yin
- Department of Medicine, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Cheng G, Hardy M, Kalyanaraman B. Antiproliferative effects of mitochondria-targeted N-acetylcysteine and analogs in cancer cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7254. [PMID: 37142668 PMCID: PMC10160116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been used as an antioxidant drug in tumor cells and preclinical mice tumor xenografts, and it improves adaptive immunotherapy in melanoma. NAC is not readily bioavailable and is used in high concentrations. The effects of NAC have been attributed to its antioxidant and redox signaling role in mitochondria. New thiol-containing molecules targeted to mitochondria are needed. Here, mitochondria-targeted NAC with a 10-carbon alkyl side chain attached to a triphenylphosphonium group (Mito10-NAC) that is functionally similar to NAC was synthesized and studied. Mito10-NAC has a free sulfhydryl group and is more hydrophobic than NAC. Mito10-NAC is nearly 2000-fold more effective than NAC in inhibiting several cancer cells, including pancreatic cancer cells. Methylation of NAC and Mito10-NAC also inhibited cancer cell proliferation. Mito10-NAC inhibits mitochondrial complex I-induced respiration and, in combination with monocarboxylate transporter 1 inhibitor, synergistically decreased pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Results suggest that the antiproliferative effects of NAC and Mito10-NAC are unlikely to be related to their antioxidant mechanism (i.e., scavenging of reactive oxygen species) or to the sulfhydryl group-dependent redox modulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Micael Hardy
- CNRS, ICR, UMR 7273, Aix Marseille Univ, 13013, Marseille, France
| | - Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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10
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Bachman LO, Zwezdaryk KJ. Targeting the Host Mitochondria as a Novel Human Cytomegalovirus Antiviral Strategy. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051083. [PMID: 37243170 DOI: 10.3390/v15051083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) exploits host mitochondrial function to promote viral replication. HCMV gene products have been described to directly interact and alter functional or structural aspects of host mitochondria. Current antivirals against HCMV, such as ganciclovir and letermovir, are designed against viral targets. Concerns with the current antivirals include toxicity and viral resistance. Targeting host mitochondrial function is a promising alternative or complimentary antiviral approach as (1) drugs targeting host mitochondrial function interact with host targets, minimizing viral resistance, and (2) host mitochondrial metabolism plays key roles in HCMV replication. This review describes how HCMV alters mitochondrial function and highlights pharmacological targets that can be exploited for novel antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn O Bachman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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11
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Li M, Zheng K, Liu X. Mitochondria‐Targeting Phthalocyanines and Porphyrins for Enhanced Photodynamic Tumor Therapy. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202205022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
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12
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Genetic mutations affecting mitochondrial function in cancer drug resistance. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:261-270. [PMID: 36609747 PMCID: PMC9947062 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles that serve as a central hub for physiological processes in eukaryotes, including production of ATP, regulation of calcium dependent signaling, generation of ROS, and regulation of apoptosis. Cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming in an effort to support their increasing requirements for cell survival, growth, and proliferation, and mitochondria have primary roles in these processes. Because of their central function in survival of cancer cells and drug resistance, mitochondria are an important target in cancer therapy and many drugs targeting mitochondria that target the TCA cycle, apoptosis, metabolic pathway, and generation of ROS have been developed. Continued use of mitochondrial-targeting drugs can lead to resistance due to development of new somatic mutations. Use of drugs is limited due to these mutations, which have been detected in mitochondrial proteins. In this review, we will focus on genetic mutations in mitochondrial target proteins and their function in induction of drug-resistance.
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13
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Ma Z, Han H, Zhao Y. Mitochondrial dysfunction-targeted nanosystems for precise tumor therapeutics. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121947. [PMID: 36512861 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play critical roles in the regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of cancerous cells. Targeted induction of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells by multifunctional nanosystems for cancer treatment has attracted increasing attention in the past few years. Numerous therapeutic nanosystems have been designed for precise tumor therapy by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction, including reducing adenosine triphosphate, breaking redox homeostasis, inhibiting glycolysis, regulating proteins, membrane potential depolarization, mtDNA damage, mitophagy dysregulation and so on. Understanding the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction would be helpful for efficient treatment of diseases and accelerating the translation of these therapeutic strategies into the clinic. Then, various strategies to construct mitochondria-targeted nanosystems and induce mitochondrial dysfunction are summarized, and the recent research progress regarding precise tumor therapeutics is highlighted. Finally, the major challenges and an outlook in this rapidly developing field are discussed. This review is expected to inspire further development of novel mitochondrial dysfunction-based strategies for precise treatments of cancer and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyu Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Heyou Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
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14
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Dubey S, Ghosh S, Goswami D, Ghatak D, De R. Immunometabolic attributes and mitochondria-associated signaling of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in tumor microenvironment modulate cancer progression. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 208:115369. [PMID: 36481347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are specialized immune cells, which have the capacity to phagocytize and destroy the target cells, including tumor cells. Some macrophages, however on their way to devour the cancer cells undergo a change due to a complex set of signaling pathways. They are induced to change into a polarized state known as M2. The M2 macrophages help in metastasis, tumor suppression, and angiogenesis. The macrophage which gets associated with this TME, are referred to as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMS undergo a metabolic reprogramming toward oxidative metabolism for bioenergetic purposes (OXPHOS), fatty acid oxidation (FAO), decreased glycolysis, decreased metabolism via the PPP, and upregulation of arginase 1 (ARG1) which triggers immunosuppressive pro-tumor signaling in the tumor microenvironment (TME) in which mitochondria plays an instrumental role. Reports have suggested that a complex series of interactions and exchange of materials, such as cytokines, metabolic intermediates and sometimes even transfer of mitochondria take place between TAMS and other TME components most importantly cancer cells that reprogram their metabolism to encourage cell growth, division, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, that ultimately play an important role in tumor progression. This review will try to focus on the crosstalk between the TAMs with several other components of TME, what instrumental role mitochondria play in that and also try to explore some of the therapeutic options available in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijan Dubey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayak Ghosh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Debosmita Goswami
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India
| | - Debapriya Ghatak
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Rudranil De
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Kolkata, Plot No: 36, 37 & 38, Major Arterial Road, Action Area II, Kadampukur Village, Newtown, Kolkata 700135, West Bengal, India.
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15
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Khalid AD, Ur-Rehman N, Tariq GH, Ullah S, Buzdar SA, Iqbal SS, Sher EK, Alsaiari NS, Hickman GJ, Sher F. Functional bioinspired nanocomposites for anticancer activity with generation of reactive oxygen species. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136885. [PMID: 36257397 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a debilitating and deadly disease caused by the uncontrolled growth of aberrant cell populations. This disease cannot always be controlled with traditional therapies and medicines. Different medicines are being used for this purpose, however these medicines have their side effects and are harmful to healthy cells. A better way to cure cancer disease is by limiting the agglomeration of cancer cells, minimizing their growth and their population by destroying these harmful cells. This could be achieved by controlling the function of mitochondria and DNA in cancer cells with the use of biocompatible materials with tuneable physical properties. Accordingly, research is ongoing as to the use of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in medicine. Zinc oxide semiconductor nanoparticles have displayed good anticancer behaviour. They have unique properties such as biocompatibility, good stability, and are environmentally friendly. Owing to these characteristics, they are focused on biological applications such as drug delivery and cancer therapy. In the present research work, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide nanoparticles and titanium oxide-zinc oxide nanocomposites were successfully trailed for anti-cancer activity. Pure zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and their nanocomposites (TiO2+ZnO NPs) were prepared by the co-precipitation technique. The structural properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, which confirmed the Wurtzite structure of pure ZnO NPs. The morphology of the NPs was checked by scanning electron microscopy. For incident light having a higher energy band gap of nanomaterials, the electrons are excited to the conduction band and these electrons generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). The efficacy of these nanomaterials was checked by exposing the NPs to the human liver cancer cell HepG2. The MTT assay describes anticancer activity via cell viability. The cell viability of composites was observed to be greater than pure ZnO NPs. Their results showed that the structure of ZnO NPs remains the same with composites of TiO2 NPs, but the band gap of the composite was intermediate for individual samples. It also showed that the anticancer activity of composites was also less than pure ZnO NPs which is due to the reduction of ROS generation. This is observed that nanocomposites of ZnO and TiO2 could be effective in the development of a treatment of human liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naeem Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hasnain Tariq
- Department of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Sana Ullah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmed Buzdar
- Institute of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Emina Karahmet Sher
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Norah Salem Alsaiari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Graham J Hickman
- Department of Chemistry and Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Farooq Sher
- Department of Engineering, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
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16
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Pal S, Sharma A, Mathew SP, Jaganathan BG. Targeting cancer-specific metabolic pathways for developing novel cancer therapeutics. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955476. [PMID: 36618350 PMCID: PMC9815821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by various genetic and phenotypic aberrations. Cancer cells undergo genetic modifications that promote their proliferation, survival, and dissemination as the disease progresses. The unabated proliferation of cancer cells incurs an enormous energy demand that is supplied by metabolic reprogramming. Cancer cells undergo metabolic alterations to provide for increased energy and metabolite requirement; these alterations also help drive the tumor progression. Dysregulation in glucose uptake and increased lactate production via "aerobic glycolysis" were described more than 100 years ago, and since then, the metabolic signature of various cancers has been extensively studied. However, the extensive research in this field has failed to translate into significant therapeutic intervention, except for treating childhood-ALL with amino acid metabolism inhibitor L-asparaginase. Despite the growing understanding of novel metabolic alterations in tumors, the therapeutic targeting of these tumor-specific dysregulations has largely been ineffective in clinical trials. This chapter discusses the major pathways involved in the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and lipids and highlights the inter-twined nature of metabolic aberrations that promote tumorigenesis in different types of cancer. Finally, we summarise the therapeutic interventions which can be used as a combinational therapy to target metabolic dysregulations that are unique or common in blood, breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Pal
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sam Padalumavunkal Mathew
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bithiah Grace Jaganathan
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India,Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India,*Correspondence: Bithiah Grace Jaganathan,
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17
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Pharmacological targeting of the mitochondrial calcium-dependent potassium channel KCa3.1 triggers cell death and reduces tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1055. [PMID: 36539400 PMCID: PMC9768205 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels are non-conventional, druggable oncological targets. The intermediate-conductance calcium-dependent potassium channel (KCa3.1) is highly expressed in the plasma membrane and in the inner mitochondrial membrane (mitoKCa3.1) of various cancer cell lines. The role mitoKCa3.1 plays in cancer cells is still undefined. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of two mitochondria-targeted novel derivatives of a high-affinity KCa3.1 antagonist, TRAM-34, which retain the ability to block channel activity. The effects of these drugs were tested in melanoma, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and breast cancer lines, as well as in vivo in two orthotopic models. We show that the mitochondria-targeted TRAM-34 derivatives induce release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, rapid depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, fragmentation of the mitochondrial network. They trigger cancer cell death with an EC50 in the µM range, depending on channel expression. In contrast, inhibition of the plasma membrane KCa3.1 by membrane-impermeant Maurotoxin is without effect, indicating a specific role of mitoKCa3.1 in determining cell fate. At sub-lethal concentrations, pharmacological targeting of mitoKCa3.1 significantly reduced cancer cell migration by enhancing production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, and by downregulating expression of Bcl-2 Nineteen kD-Interacting Protein (BNIP-3) and of Rho GTPase CDC-42. This signaling cascade finally leads to cytoskeletal reorganization and impaired migration. Overexpression of BNIP-3 or pharmacological modulation of NF-κB and CDC-42 prevented the migration-reducing effect of mitoTRAM-34. In orthotopic models of melanoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, the tumors at sacrifice were 60% smaller in treated versus untreated animals. Metastasis of melanoma cells to lymph nodes was also drastically reduced. No signs of toxicity were observed. In summary, our results identify mitochondrial KCa3.1 as an unexpected player in cancer cell migration and show that its pharmacological targeting is efficient against both tumor growth and metastatic spread in vivo.
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18
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Xu Y, Wang H, Qiao Z. Precise Control of Self‐Assembly in Vivo Based on Polymer‐Peptide Conjugates. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin‐Sheng Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zeng‐Ying Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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19
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Cervinka J, Gobbo A, Biancalana L, Markova L, Novohradsky V, Guelfi M, Zacchini S, Kasparkova J, Brabec V, Marchetti F. Ruthenium(II)-Tris-pyrazolylmethane Complexes Inhibit Cancer Cell Growth by Disrupting Mitochondrial Calcium Homeostasis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:10567-10587. [PMID: 35913426 PMCID: PMC9376960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
![]()
While ruthenium arene complexes have been widely investigated
for
their medicinal potential, studies on homologous compounds containing
a tridentate tris(1-pyrazolyl)methane ligand are almost absent in
the literature. Ruthenium(II) complex 1 was obtained
by a modified reported procedure; then, the reactions with a series
of organic molecules (L) in boiling alcohol afforded novel complexes 2–9 in 77–99% yields. Products 2–9 were fully structurally characterized. They are
appreciably soluble in water, where they undergo partial chloride/water
exchange. The antiproliferative activity was determined using a panel
of human cancer cell lines and a noncancerous one, evidencing promising
potency of 1, 7, and 8 and
significant selectivity toward cancer cells. The tested compounds
effectively accumulate in cancer cells, and mitochondria represent
a significant target of biological action. Most notably, data provide
convincing evidence that the mechanism of biological action is mediated
by the inhibiting of mitochondrial calcium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Cervinka
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alberto Gobbo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.,Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Biancalana
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Lenka Markova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Novohradsky
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Massimo Guelfi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jana Kasparkova
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Biophysics, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Brabec
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Kralovopolska 135, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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20
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Jin P, Jiang J, Zhou L, Huang Z, Nice EC, Huang C, Fu L. Mitochondrial adaptation in cancer drug resistance: prevalence, mechanisms, and management. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:97. [PMID: 35851420 PMCID: PMC9290242 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile environment are largely unknown. As the central organelle for cellular energy supply, mitochondria can rapidly undergo dynamic changes and integrate cellular signaling pathways to provide bioenergetic and biosynthetic flexibility for cancer cells, which contributes to multiple aspects of tumor characteristics, including drug resistance. Therefore, targeting mitochondria for cancer therapy and overcoming drug resistance has attracted increasing attention for various types of cancer. Multiple mitochondrial adaptation processes, including mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondrial metabolism, and mitochondrial apoptotic regulatory machinery, have been demonstrated to be potential targets. However, recent increasing insights into mitochondria have revealed the complexity of mitochondrial structure and functions, the elusive functions of mitochondria in tumor biology, and the targeting inaccessibility of mitochondria, which have posed challenges for the clinical application of mitochondrial-based cancer therapeutic strategies. Therefore, discovery of both novel mitochondria-targeting agents and innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches is urgently required. Here, we review the most recent literature to summarize the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial stress adaptation and their intricate connection with cancer drug resistance. In addition, an overview of the emerging strategies to target mitochondria for effectively overcoming chemoresistance is highlighted, with an emphasis on drug repositioning and mitochondrial drug delivery approaches, which may accelerate the application of mitochondria-targeting compounds for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Huang J, Li Y, Zhang L, Wang J, Xu Z, Kang Y, Xue P. A platinum nanourchin-based multi-enzymatic platform to disrupt mitochondrial function assisted by modulating the intracellular H2O2 homeostasis. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121572. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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22
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Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibition reveals metabolic vulnerability in chronic myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:576. [PMID: 35773274 PMCID: PMC9247109 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of different generations of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has led to the high overall survival of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. However, there are CML patients who show resistance to TKI therapy and are prone to progress to more advanced phases of the disease. So, implementing an alternative approach for targeting TKIs insensitive cells would be of the essence. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme in the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway that is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Here, we found that CML cells are vulnerable to DHODH inhibition mediated by Meds433, a new and potent DHODH inhibitor recently developed by our group. Meds433 significantly activates the apoptotic pathway and leads to the reduction of amino acids and induction of huge metabolic stress in CML CD34+ cells. Altogether, our study shows that DHODH inhibition is a promising approach for targeting CML stem/progenitor cells and may help more patients discontinue the therapy.
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González-Rubio S, Salgado C, Manzaneda-González V, Muñoz-Úbeda M, Ahijado-Guzmán R, Natale P, Almendro-Vedia VG, Junquera E, Barcina JO, Ferrer I, Guerrero-Martínez A, Paz-Ares L, López-Montero I. Tunable gold nanorod/NAO conjugates for selective drug delivery in mitochondria-targeted cancer therapy. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8028-8040. [PMID: 35616261 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02353a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nonyl acridine orange (NAO) is a lipophilic and positively charged molecule widely used as a mitochondrial fluorescent probe. NAO is cytotoxic at micromolar concentration and might be potentially used as a mitochondria-targeted drug for cancer therapy. However, the use of NAO under in vivo conditions would be compromised by the unspecific interactions with off-target cells and negatively charged proteins present in the bloodstream. To tackle this limitation, we have synthesized NAO analogues carrying an imidazole group for their specific binding to nitrilotriacetic (NTA) functionalized gold nanorods (AuNRs). We demonstrate that AuNRs provide 104 binding sites and a controlled delivery under acidic conditions. Upon incubation with mouse embryonic fibroblasts, the endosomal acidic environment releases the NAO analogues from AuNRs, as visualized through the staining of the mitochondrial network. The addition of the monoclonal antibody Cetuximab to the conjugates enhanced their uptake within lung cancer cells and the conjugates were cytotoxic at subnanomolar concentrations (c50 ≈ 0.06 nM). Moreover, the specific interactions of Cetuximab with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) provided a specific targeting of EGFR-expressing lung cancer cells. After intravenous administration in patient-derived xenografts (PDX) mouse models, the conjugates reduced the progression of EGFR-positive tumors. Overall, the NAO-AuNRs provide a promising strategy to realize membrane mitochondria-targeted conjugates for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio González-Rubio
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Cástor Salgado
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Manzaneda-González
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Úbeda
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rubén Ahijado-Guzmán
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paolo Natale
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Víctor G Almendro-Vedia
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Junquera
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José Osío Barcina
- Departamento Química Orgánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Ferrer
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Ciberonc, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Guerrero-Martínez
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Paz-Ares
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Ciberonc, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Iván López-Montero
- Departamento Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital Doce de Octubre (imas12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Ps. Juan XXIII 1, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Buchke S, Sharma M, Bora A, Relekar M, Bhanu P, Kumar J. Mitochondria-Targeted, Nanoparticle-Based Drug-Delivery Systems: Therapeutics for Mitochondrial Disorders. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:657. [PMID: 35629325 PMCID: PMC9144057 DOI: 10.3390/life12050657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from ATP generation, mitochondria are involved in a wide range of functions, making them one of the most prominent organelles of the human cell. Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in the pathophysiology of several diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic disorders. This makes it a target for a variety of therapeutics for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. The use of nanoparticles to target mitochondria has significant importance in modern times because they provide promising ways to deliver drug payloads to the mitochondria by overcoming challenges, such as low solubility and poor bioavailability, and also resolve the issues of the poor biodistribution of drugs and pharmacokinetics with increased specificity. This review assesses nanoparticle-based drug-delivery systems, such as liposomes, DQAsome, MITO-Porters, micelles, polymeric and metal nanocarriers, as well as quantum dots, as mitochondria-targeted strategies and discusses them as a treatment for mitochondrial disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Buchke
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Vanasthali Road, Dist, Tonk 304022, India; (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Muskan Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Vanasthali Road, Dist, Tonk 304022, India; (S.B.); (M.S.)
| | - Anusuiya Bora
- School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore Campus, Tiruvalam Road, Katpadi, Vellore 632014, India;
| | - Maitrali Relekar
- KEM Hospital Research Centre, KEM Hospital, Rasta Peth, Pune 411011, India;
| | - Piyush Bhanu
- Xome Life Sciences, Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre (BBC), Helix Biotech Park, Electronics City Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India;
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Bangalore Bioinnovation Centre (BBC), Helix Biotech Park, Electronics City Phase 1, Bengaluru 560100, India
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25
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Gregorio JD, Petricca S, Iorio R, Toniato E, Flati V. MITOCHONDRIAL AND METABOLIC ALTERATIONS IN CANCER CELLS. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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26
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Castelôa M, Moreira-Pinto B, Benfeito S, Borges F, Fonseca BM, Rebelo I. In Vitro Effects of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants in a Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary of Hypercalcemic Type and in Type 1 and Type 2 Endometrial Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040800. [PMID: 35453550 PMCID: PMC9030827 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell carcinoma of the ovary of hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) and endometrial cancer from type 1 and type 2 are gynecological tumors that affect women worldwide. The treatment encompasses the use of cytotoxic drugs that are nonspecific and inefficient. “Mitocans”, a family of drugs that specifically target tumor cells’ mitochondria, might be a solution, as they conjugate compounds, such as antioxidants, with carriers, such as lipophilic cations, that direct them to the mitochondria. In this study, caffeic acid was conjugated with triphenylphosphonium (TPP), 4-picolinium, or isoquinolinium, forming 3 new compounds (Mito6_TPP, Mito6_picol., and Mito6_isoq.) that were tested on ovarian (COV434) and endometrial (Hec50co and Ishikawa) cancer cells. The results of MTT and neutral red assays suggested a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in cell viability in all tumor cell lines. The presence of apoptosis was indicated by the Giemsa and Höechst staining and by the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. The measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species demonstrated the antioxidant properties of these compounds, which might be related to cell death. Generally, Mito6_TPP was more active at lower concentrations than Mito6_picol. or Mito6_isoq., but was accompanied by more cytotoxic effects, as shown by the lactate dehydrogenase release. Non-tumorous cells (HFF-1) showed no changes after treatment. This study assessed the potential of these compounds as anticancer agents, although further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Castelôa
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (S.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Beatriz Moreira-Pinto
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Benfeito
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (S.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (M.C.); (S.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Bruno M. Fonseca
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (B.M.F.); (I.R.)
| | - Irene Rebelo
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (B.M.F.); (I.R.)
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Hönigova K, Navratil J, Peltanova B, Polanska HH, Raudenska M, Masarik M. Metabolic tricks of cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188705. [PMID: 35276232 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the characteristics of cancer cells important for tumorigenesis is their metabolic plasticity. Indeed, in various stress conditions, cancer cells can reshape their metabolic pathways to support the increased energy request due to continuous growth and rapid proliferation. Moreover, selective pressures in the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia, acidosis, and competition for resources, force cancer cells to adapt by complete reorganization of their metabolism. In this review, we highlight the characteristics of cancer metabolism and discuss its clinical significance, since overcoming metabolic plasticity of cancer cells is a key objective of modern cancer therapeutics and a better understanding of metabolic reprogramming may lead to the identification of possible targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Hönigova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Navratil
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Peltanova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Holcova Polanska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Raudenska
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University / Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
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28
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Xu J, Shamul JG, Kwizera EA, He X. Recent Advancements in Mitochondria-Targeted Nanoparticle Drug Delivery for Cancer Therapy. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050743. [PMID: 35269231 PMCID: PMC8911864 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are critical subcellular organelles that produce most of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the energy source for most eukaryotic cells. Moreover, recent findings show that mitochondria are not only the "powerhouse" inside cells, but also excellent targets for inducing cell death via apoptosis that is mitochondria-centered. For several decades, cancer nanotherapeutics have been designed to specifically target mitochondria with several targeting moieties, and cause mitochondrial dysfunction via photodynamic, photothermal, or/and chemo therapies. These strategies have been shown to augment the killing of cancer cells in a tumor while reducing damage to its surrounding healthy tissues. Furthermore, mitochondria-targeting nanotechnologies have been demonstrated to be highly efficacious compared to non-mitochondria-targeting platforms both in vitro and in vivo for cancer therapies. Moreover, mitochondria-targeting nanotechnologies have been intelligently designed and tailored to the hypoxic and slightly acidic tumor microenvironment for improved cancer therapies. Collectively, mitochondria-targeting may be a promising strategy for the engineering of nanoparticles for drug delivery to combat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangsheng Xu
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (J.X.); (J.G.S.); (E.A.K.)
| | - James G. Shamul
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (J.X.); (J.G.S.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Elyahb Allie Kwizera
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (J.X.); (J.G.S.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; (J.X.); (J.G.S.); (E.A.K.)
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Correspondence:
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29
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Severin F, Urbani A, Varanita T, Bachmann M, Azzolini M, Martini V, Pizzi M, Tos APD, Frezzato F, Mattarei A, Ghia P, Bertilaccio MTS, Gulbins E, Paradisi C, Zoratti M, Semenzato GC, Leanza L, Trentin L, Szabò I. Pharmacological modulation of Kv1.3 potassium channel selectively triggers pathological B lymphocyte apoptosis in vivo in a genetic CLL model. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:64. [PMID: 35172855 PMCID: PMC8848658 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ion channels are emerging as promising oncological targets. The potassium channels Kv1.3 and IKCa are highly expressed in the plasma membrane and mitochondria of human chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, compared to healthy lymphocytes. In vitro, inhibition of mitoKv1.3 by PAPTP was shown to kill ex vivo primary human CLL cells, while targeting IKCa with TRAM-34 decreased CLL cell proliferation. METHODS Here we evaluated the effect of the above drugs in CLL cells from ibrutinib-resistant patients and in combination with Venetoclax, two drugs used in the clinical practice. The effects of the drugs were tested also in the Eμ-TCL1 genetic CLL murine model, characterized by a lympho-proliferative disease reminiscent of aggressive human CLL. Eμ-TCL1 mice showing overt disease state were treated with intraperitoneal injections of non-toxic 5 nmol/g PAPTP or 10 nmol/g TRAM-34 once a day and the number and percentage of pathological B cells (CD19+CD5+) in different, pathologically relevant body districts were determined. RESULTS We show that Kv1.3 expression correlates with sensitivity of the human and mouse neoplastic cells to PAPTP. Primary CLL cells from ibrutinib-resistant patients could be killed with PAPTP and this drug enhanced the effect of Venetoclax, by acting on mitoKv1.3 of the inner mitochondrial membrane and triggering rapid mitochondrial changes and cytochrome c release. In vivo, after 2 week- therapy of Eμ-TCL1 mice harboring distinct CLL clones, leukemia burden was reduced by more than 85%: the number and percentage of CLL B cells fall in the spleen and peritoneal cavity and in the peripheral blood, without signs of toxicity. Notably, CLL infiltration into liver and spleen and splenomegaly were also drastically reduced upon PAPTP treatment. In contrast, TRAM-34 did not exert any beneficial effect when administered in vivo to Eμ-TCL1 mice at non-toxic concentration. CONCLUSION Altogether, by comparing vehicle versus compound effect in different Eμ-TCL1 animals bearing unique clones similarly to CLL patients, we conclude that PAPTP significantly reduced leukemia burden in CLL-relevant districts, even in animals with advanced stage of the disease. Our results thus identify PAPTP as a very promising drug for CLL treatment, even for the chemoresistant forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Severin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Azzolini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Veronica Martini
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Pizzi
- Department of Medicine, Pathology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Department of Medicine, Pathology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Federica Frezzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Mattarei
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghia
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele and IRCC Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Mario Zoratti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianpietro Carlo Semenzato
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Livio Trentin
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy and Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy.
| | - Ildiko Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. .,CNR Institute of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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30
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Gallyas F, Ramadan FHJ, Andreidesz K, Hocsak E, Szabo A, Tapodi A, Kiss GN, Fekete K, Bognar R, Szanto A, Bognar Z. Involvement of Mitochondrial Mechanisms and Cyclooxygenase-2 Activation in the Effect of Desethylamiodarone on 4T1 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Line. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031544. [PMID: 35163464 PMCID: PMC8836269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel compounds significantly interfering with the mitochondrial energy production may have therapeutic value in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This criterion is clearly fulfilled by desethylamiodarone (DEA), which is a major metabolite of amiodarone, a widely used antiarrhythmic drug, since the DEA previously demonstrated anti-neoplastic, anti-metastasizing, and direct mitochondrial effects in B16F10 melanoma cells. Additionally, the more than fifty years of clinical experience with amiodarone should answer most of the safety concerns about DEA. Accordingly, in the present study, we investigated DEA’s potential in TNBC by using a TN and a hormone receptor positive (HR+) BC cell line. DEA reduced the viability, colony formation, and invasive growth of the 4T1 cell line and led to a higher extent of the MCF-7 cell line. It lowered mitochondrial transmembrane potential and induced mitochondrial fragmentation. On the other hand, DEA failed to significantly affect various parameters of the cellular energy metabolism as determined by a Seahorse live cell respirometer. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), which was upregulated by DEA in the TNBC cell line only, accounted for most of 4T1’s DEA resistance, which was counteracted by the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib. All these data indicate that DEA may have potentiality in the therapy of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- LERN-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Fadi H. J. Ramadan
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Kitti Andreidesz
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Eniko Hocsak
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Aliz Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Antal Tapodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Gyongyi N. Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Katalin Fekete
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Rita Bognar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
| | - Arpad Szanto
- Urology Clinic, UP Medical Center, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Zita Bognar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (F.G.J.); (F.H.J.R.); (K.A.); (E.H.); (A.S.); (A.T.); (G.N.K.); (K.F.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-536-276
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Xu G, Xu X, Liu J, Jia Q, Ke C, Zhang H, Xu C, Ou E, Tan W, Zhao Y. Mitochondria-Targeted Triphenylphosphonium Conjugated C-3 Modified Betulin: Synthesis, Antitumor Properties and Mechanism of Action. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100659. [PMID: 34881517 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A series of mitochondria-targeted triphenylphosphonium conjugated C-3 modified betulin were synthesized and evaluated against tumor cells. As a result, a new derivative 13 i, the conjugate of 3-O-(3'-acetylphenylacetate)-betulin with triphenylphosphonium, was identified as the one with the best anti-tumor effect. Conjugate 13 i significantly inhibited HCT116 cells with IC50 at 0.66 μM. While betulin, C-3 modified betulin, and the triphenylphosphonium moiety showed no inhibition of HCT116 cell proliferation at 20 μM. More importantly, 13 i exhibited a more cytotoxic effect against the tumor cell HCT116 than normal cell NCM460. Mode of action studies demonstrated that 13 i induced the G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT116 cells through the mitochondrial pathway. Structure-activity relationship analysis revealed that integration of triphenylphosphonium moiety into the C-28 of betulin can greatly improve cytotoxicity. Appropriate modification on C-3 of the conjugate would improve the selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Xu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaojia Xu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiansong Liu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qi Jia
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Changhong Ke
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hanyuan Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chao Xu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - E Ou
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Metabolic Rewiring Is Essential for AML Cell Survival to Overcome Autophagy Inhibition by Loss of ATG3. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236142. [PMID: 34885250 PMCID: PMC8657081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The importance of autophagy in leukemia progression and survival has been studied previously. However, little is known about the development of resistance mechanisms to autophagy inhibition in leukemia. Here, we present data on the mechanisms by which leukemia cells maintain their cell survival after inhibition of autophagy by the loss of ATG3. After the loss of ATG3, leukemia cells upregulated their energy metabolism by increasing glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism, in particular oxidative phosphorylation, which resulted in higher ATP levels. Moreover, inhibition of mitochondrial function strongly impaired cell survival in ATG3 deficiency, thus demonstrating the importance of ATG3 in the regulation of metabolism and survival of leukemic cells. Therefore, our data provide a rationale for combining autophagy inhibitors with inhibitors targeting mitochondrial metabolism for the development of leukemia therapy to overcome the potential obstacle of emerging resistance to autophagy inhibition. Abstract Autophagy is an important survival mechanism that allows recycling of nutrients and removal of damaged organelles and has been shown to contribute to the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. However, little is known about the mechanism by which autophagy- dependent AML cells can overcome dysfunctional autophagy. In our study we identified autophagy related protein 3 (ATG3) as a crucial autophagy gene for AML cell proliferation by conducting a CRISPR/Cas9 dropout screen with a library targeting around 200 autophagy-related genes. shRNA-mediated loss of ATG3 impaired autophagy function in AML cells and increased their mitochondrial activity and energy metabolism, as shown by elevated mitochondrial ROS generation and mitochondrial respiration. Using tracer-based NMR metabolomics analysis we further demonstrate that the loss of ATG3 resulted in an upregulation of glycolysis, lactate production, and oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, loss of ATG3 strongly sensitized AML cells to the inhibition of mitochondrial metabolism. These findings highlight the metabolic vulnerabilities that AML cells acquire from autophagy inhibition and support further exploration of combination therapies targeting autophagy and mitochondrial metabolism in AML.
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Dadgar T, Ebrahimi N, Gholipour AR, Akbari M, Khani L, Ahmadi A, Hamblin MR. Targeting the metabolism of cancer stem cells by energy disruptor molecules. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 169:103545. [PMID: 34838705 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in various tumor types. CSCs are believed to contribute to tumor metastasis and resistance to conventional therapy. So targeting these cells could be an effective strategy to eliminate tumors and a promising new type of cancer treatment. Alterations in metabolism play an essential role in CSC biology and their resistance to treatment. The metabolic properties pathways in CSCs are different from normal cells, and to some extent, are different from regular tumor cells. Interestingly, CSCs can use other nutrients for their metabolism and growth. The different metabolism causes increased sensitivity of CSCs to agents that disrupt cellular homeostasis. Compounds that interfere with the central metabolic pathways are known as energy disruptors and can reduce CSC survival. This review highlights the differences between regular cancer cells and CSC metabolism and discusses the action mechanisms of energy disruptors at the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahere Dadgar
- Department of Biology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Nasim Ebrahimi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular & Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Gholipour
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Maryam Akbari
- Department of Immunology, Asthma and Allergy Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Khani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, 75169, Iran.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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Inigo JR, Kumar R, Chandra D. Targeting the mitochondrial unfolded protein response in cancer: opportunities and challenges. Trends Cancer 2021; 7:1050-1053. [PMID: 34580036 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that a mitochondria-specific stress response referred to as the 'mitochondrial unfolded protein response' (UPRmt) is activated to maintain mitochondrial integrity and support tumor growth. In this forum article, we discuss the recent advances and current challenges in therapeutically targeting UPRmt in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Andreidesz K, Szabo A, Kovacs D, Koszegi B, Bagone Vantus V, Vamos E, Isbera M, Kalai T, Bognar Z, Kovacs K, Gallyas F. Cytostatic Effect of a Novel Mitochondria-Targeted Pyrroline Nitroxide in Human Breast Cancer Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169016. [PMID: 34445722 PMCID: PMC8396499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as a prospective target to overcome drug resistance that limits triple-negative breast cancer therapy. A novel mitochondria-targeted compound, HO-5114, demonstrated higher cytotoxicity against human breast cancer lines than its component-derivative, Mito-CP. In this study, we examined HO-5114′s anti-neoplastic properties and its effects on mitochondrial functions in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines. At a 10 µM concentration and within 24 h, the drug markedly reduced viability and elevated apoptosis in both cell lines. After seven days of exposure, even at a 75 nM concentration, HO-5114 significantly reduced invasive growth and colony formation. A 4 h treatment with 2.5 µM HO-5114 caused a massive loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, a decrease in basal and maximal respiration, and mitochondrial and glycolytic ATP production. However, reactive oxygen species production was only moderately elevated by HO-5114, indicating that oxidative stress did not significantly contribute to the drug’s anti-neoplastic effect. These data indicate that HO-5114 may have potential for use in the therapy of triple-negative breast cancer; however, the in vivo toxicity and anti-neoplastic effectiveness of the drug must be determined to confirm its potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitti Andreidesz
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Aliz Szabo
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Dominika Kovacs
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Balazs Koszegi
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Viola Bagone Vantus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Eszter Vamos
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Mostafa Isbera
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (M.I.); (T.K.)
| | - Tamas Kalai
- Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (M.I.); (T.K.)
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Zita Bognar
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Krisztina Kovacs
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs Medical School, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (K.A.); (A.S.); (D.K.); (B.K.); (V.B.V.); (E.V.); (Z.B.); (K.K.)
- Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, 1245 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72-536-278
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Opoku-Damoah Y, Zhang R, Ta HT, Xu ZP. Vitamin E-facilitated carbon monoxide pro-drug nanomedicine for efficient light-responsive combination cancer therapy. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:6086-6097. [PMID: 34346418 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00941a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The quest to maximize therapeutic efficiency in cancer treatment requires innovative delivery nanoplatforms capable of employing different modules simultaneously. Combination therapy has proven to be one of the best anticancer strategies so far. Herein, we have developed a lipid-encapsulated nanoplatform that combines chemotherapy with photoresponsive gas therapy for colon cancer treatment. Carbon monoxide releasing molecules (CORMs) and vitamin E analogues (pure/pegylated α-tocopheryl succinate; α-TOS) were co-loaded into the lipid layer with core-shell upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), which converted 808 nm light to 360 nm photons to trigger CO release at the tumor site. This folic acid (FA)-targeting nanomedicine (Lipid/UCNP/CORM/α-TOS/FA: LUCTF) possessed a cancer-targeting ability and a light-triggered CO release ability for synergistic apoptosis of HCT116 cells via enhanced ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane breaking. In vivo data have confirmed the significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy of LUCTF without any significant biosafety issues after intravenous administration. Thus, nanomedicine LUCTF represents a novel way for efficient cancer therapy via combining locally released CO and a compatible chemotherapeutic agent (e.g. α-TOS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw Opoku-Damoah
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Hang T Ta
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia. and School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia and Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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Wang F, Zhang X, Li Y, Tang L, Qu X, Ying J, Zhang J, Sun L, Lin R, Qiu H, Wang C, Qiu M, Cai M, Wu Q, Liu H, Guan W, Zhou A, Zhang Y, Liu T, Bi F, Yuan X, Rao S, Xin Y, Sheng W, Xu H, Li G, Ji J, Zhou Z, Liang H, Zhang Y, Jin J, Shen L, Li J, Xu R. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer, 2021. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:747-795. [PMID: 34197702 PMCID: PMC8360643 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 345] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There exist differences in the epidemiological characteristics, clinicopathological features, tumor biological characteristics, treatment patterns, and drug selections between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) has organized a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub-specialties of gastric cancer to compile a clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer since 2016 and renews it annually. Taking into account regional differences, giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources, these experts have conducted expert consensus judgment on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes in China. The 2021 CSCO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer covers the diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and screening of gastric cancer. Based on the 2020 version of the CSCO Chinese Gastric Cancer guidelines, this updated guideline integrates the results of major clinical studies from China and overseas for the past year, focused on the inclusion of research data from the Chinese population for more personalized and clinically relevant recommendations. For the comprehensive treatment of non-metastatic gastric cancer, attentions were paid to neoadjuvant treatment. The value of perioperative chemotherapy is gradually becoming clearer and its recommendation level has been updated. For the comprehensive treatment of metastatic gastric cancer, recommendations for immunotherapy were included, and immune checkpoint inhibitors from third-line to the first-line of treatment for different patient groups with detailed notes are provided.
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Liang L, Peng Y, Qiu L. Mitochondria-targeted vitamin E succinate delivery for reversal of multidrug resistance. J Control Release 2021; 337:117-131. [PMID: 34274383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inducing mitochondrial malfunction is an appealing strategy to overcome tumor multidrug resistance (MDR). Reported here a versatile mitochondrial-damaging molecule, vitamin E succinate (VES), is creatively utilized to assist MDR reversal of doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl) via a nanovesicle platform self-assembled from amphiphilic polyphosphazenes containing pH-sensitive 1H-benzo-[d]imidazol-2-yl) methanamine (BIMA) groups. Driven by multiple non-covalent interactions, VES is fully introduced into the hydrophobic membrane of DOX·HCl-loaded nanovesicles with loading content of 23.5%. The incorporated VES also offers robust anti-leakage property toward DOX·HCl under normal physiological conditions. More importantly, upon release within acidic tumor cells, VES can target mitochondria and result in various dysfunctions including excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) loss, and inhibited adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, which contribute to cell apoptosis and insufficient energy supply for drug efflux pumps. Consequently, the killing-effect of DOX·HCl is significantly enhanced toward drug resistant cancer cells at the optimal mass ratio of DOX·HCl to VES. Further in vivo antitumor investigation on nude mice bearing xenograft drug-resistant human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562/ADR tumors verifies the extremely enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of the dual drug-loaded nanovesicle with the tumor inhibition rate (TIR) of 82.38%. Collectively, this study provides a s safe, facile and promising strategy for both precise drug delivery and MDR eradication to improve cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Liang
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liyan Qiu
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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McCann C, Kerr EM. Metabolic Reprogramming: A Friend or Foe to Cancer Therapy? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3351. [PMID: 34283054 PMCID: PMC8267696 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major cause of cancer treatment failure, effectively driven by processes that promote escape from therapy-induced cell death. The mechanisms driving evasion of apoptosis have been widely studied across multiple cancer types, and have facilitated new and exciting therapeutic discoveries with the potential to improve cancer patient care. However, an increasing understanding of the crosstalk between cancer hallmarks has highlighted the complexity of the mechanisms of drug resistance, co-opting pathways outside of the canonical "cell death" machinery to facilitate cell survival in the face of cytotoxic stress. Rewiring of cellular metabolism is vital to drive and support increased proliferative demands in cancer cells, and recent discoveries in the field of cancer metabolism have uncovered a novel role for these programs in facilitating drug resistance. As a key organelle in both metabolic and apoptotic homeostasis, the mitochondria are at the forefront of these mechanisms of resistance, coordinating crosstalk in the event of cellular stress, and promoting cellular survival. Importantly, the appreciation of this role metabolism plays in the cytotoxic response to therapy, and the ability to profile metabolic adaptions in response to treatment, has encouraged new avenues of investigation into the potential of exploiting metabolic addictions to improve therapeutic efficacy and overcome drug resistance in cancer. Here, we review the role cancer metabolism can play in mediating drug resistance, and the exciting opportunities presented by imposed metabolic vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma M. Kerr
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Rd, BT9 7AE Belfast, Ireland;
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Mitochondrial Metabolism in Carcinogenesis and Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133311. [PMID: 34282749 PMCID: PMC8269082 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Reprogramming metabolism is a hallmark of cancer. Warburg’s effect, defined as increased aerobic glycolysis at the expense of mitochondrial respiration in cancer cells, opened new avenues of research in the field of cancer. Later findings, however, have revealed that mitochondria remain functional and that they actively contribute to metabolic plasticity of cancer cells. Understanding the mechanisms by which mitochondrial metabolism controls tumor initiation and progression is necessary to better characterize the onset of carcinogenesis. These studies may ultimately lead to the design of novel anti-cancer strategies targeting mitochondrial functions. Abstract Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process that refers to transformation of a normal cell into a tumoral neoplastic cell. The mechanisms that promote tumor initiation, promotion and progression are varied, complex and remain to be understood. Studies have highlighted the involvement of oncogenic mutations, genomic instability and epigenetic alterations as well as metabolic reprogramming, in different processes of oncogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms still have to be clarified. Mitochondria are central organelles at the crossroad of various energetic metabolisms. In addition to their pivotal roles in bioenergetic metabolism, they control redox homeostasis, biosynthesis of macromolecules and apoptotic signals, all of which are linked to carcinogenesis. In the present review, we discuss how mitochondria contribute to the initiation of carcinogenesis through gene mutations and production of oncometabolites, and how they promote tumor progression through the control of metabolic reprogramming and mitochondrial dynamics. Finally, we present mitochondrial metabolism as a promising target for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Yang S, He X, Zhao J, Wang D, Guo S, Gao T, Wang G, Jin C, Yan Z, Wang N, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Xing J, Huang Q. Mitochondrial transcription factor A plays opposite roles in the initiation and progression of colitis-associated cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:695-714. [PMID: 34160895 PMCID: PMC8360642 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondria are key regulators in cell proliferation and apoptosis. Alterations in mitochondrial function are closely associated with inflammation and tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate whether mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), a key regulator of mitochondrial DNA transcription and replication, is involved in the initiation and progression of colitis‐associated cancer (CAC). Methods TFAM expression was examined in tissue samples of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and CAC by immunohistochemistry. Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)‐specific TFAM‐knockout mice (TFAM△IEC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells with TFAM knockdown or overexpression were used to evaluate the role of TFAM in colitis and the initiation and progression of CAC. The underlying mechanisms of TFAM were also explored by analyzing mitochondrial respiration function and biogenesis. Results The expression of TFAM was downregulated in active IBD and negatively associated with the disease activity. The downregulation of TFAM in IECs was induced by interleukin‐6 in a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/miR‐23b‐dependent manner. In addition, TFAM knockout impaired IEC turnover to promote dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice. Of note, TFAM knockout increased the susceptibility of mice to azoxymethane/DSS‐induced CAC and TFAM overexpression protected mice from intestinal inflammation and colitis‐associated tumorigenesis. By contrast, TFAM expression was upregulated in CAC tissues and contributed to cell growth. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that β‐catenin induced the upregulation of TFAM through c‐Myc in CRC cells. Mechanistically, TFAM promoted the proliferation of both IECs and CRC cells by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and activity. Conclusions TFAM plays a dual role in the initiation and progression of CAC, providing a novel understanding of CAC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China.,Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xianli He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Dalin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Chao Jin
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yongxing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Qichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, P. R. China
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S Allemailem K, Almatroudi A, Alsahli MA, Aljaghwani A, M El-Kady A, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Novel Strategies for Disrupting Cancer-Cell Functions with Mitochondria-Targeted Antitumor Drug-Loaded Nanoformulations. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:3907-3936. [PMID: 34135584 PMCID: PMC8200140 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s303832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Any variation in normal cellular function results in mitochondrial dysregulation that occurs in several diseases, including cancer. Such processes as oxidative stress, metabolism, signaling, and biogenesis play significant roles in cancer initiation and progression. Due to their central role in cellular metabolism, mitochondria are favorable therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of conditions like neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Subcellular mitochondria-specific theranostic nanoformulations for simultaneous targeting, drug delivery, and imaging of these organelles are of immense interest in cancer therapy. It is a challenging task to cross multiple barriers to target mitochondria in diseased cells. To overcome these multiple barriers, several mitochondriotropic nanoformulations have been engineered for the transportation of mitochondria-specific drugs. These nanoformulations include liposomes, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), and inorganic NPs. These nanoformulations are made mitochondriotropic by conjugating them with moieties like dequalinium, Mito-Porter, triphenylphosphonium, and Mitochondria-penetrating peptides. Most of these nanoformulations are meticulously tailored to control their size, charge, shape, mitochondriotropic drug loading, and specific cell-membrane interactions. Recently, some novel mitochondria-selective antitumor compounds known as mitocans have shown high toxicity against cancer cells. These selective compounds form vicious oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species cycles within cancer cells and ultimately push them to cell death. Nanoformulations approved by the FDA and EMA for clinical applications in cancer patients include Doxil, NK105, and Abraxane. The novel use of these NPs still faces tremendous challenges and an immense amount of research is needed to understand the proper mechanisms of cancer progression and control by these NPs. Here in this review, we summarize current advancements and novel strategies of delivering different anticancer therapeutic agents to mitochondria with the help of various nanoformulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aseel Aljaghwani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M El-Kady
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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43
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Szabo I, Zoratti M, Biasutto L. Targeting mitochondrial ion channels for cancer therapy. Redox Biol 2021; 42:101846. [PMID: 33419703 PMCID: PMC8113036 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological targeting of mitochondrial ion channels is emerging as a promising approach to eliminate cancer cells; as most of these channels are differentially expressed and/or regulated in cancer cells in comparison to healthy ones, this strategy may selectively eliminate the former. Perturbation of ion fluxes across the outer and inner membranes is linked to alterations of redox state, membrane potential and bioenergetic efficiency. This leads to indirect modulation of oxidative phosphorylation, which is/may be fundamental for both cancer and cancer stem cell survival. Furthermore, given the crucial contribution of mitochondria to intrinsic apoptosis, modulation of their ion channels leading to cytochrome c release may be of great advantage in case of resistance to drugs triggering apoptotic events upstream of the mitochondrial phase. In the present review, we give an overview of the known mitochondrial ion channels and of their modulators capable of killing cancer cells. In addition, we discuss state-of-the-art strategies using mitochondriotropic drugs or peptide-based approaches allowing a more efficient and selective targeting of mitochondrial ion channel-linked events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Italy; CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Institute of Neurosciences, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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Oladimeji O, Akinyelu J, Daniels A, Singh M. Modified Gold Nanoparticles for Efficient Delivery of Betulinic Acid to Cancer Cell Mitochondria. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105072. [PMID: 34064888 PMCID: PMC8150271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in nanomedicine have seen the adaptation of nanoparticles (NPs) for subcellular delivery for enhanced therapeutic impact and reduced side effects. The pivotal role of the mitochondria in apoptosis and their potential as a target in cancers enables selective induction of cancer cell death. In this study, we examined the mitochondrial targeted delivery of betulinic acid (BA) by the mitochondriotropic TPP+-functionalized epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-capped gold NPs (AuNPs), comparing the impact of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly-L-lysine-graft-polyethylene glycol (PLL-g-PEG) copolymer on delivery efficacy. This included the assessment of their cellular uptake, mitochondrial localization and efficacy as therapeutic delivery platforms for BA in the human Caco-2, HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. These mitochondrial-targeted nanocomplexes demonstrated significant inhibition of cancer cell growth, with targeted nanocomplexes recording IC50 values in the range of 3.12–13.2 µM compared to that of the free BA (9.74–36.31 µM) in vitro, demonstrating the merit of mitochondrial targeting. Their mechanisms of action implicated high amplitude mitochondrial depolarization, caspases 3/7 activation, with an associated arrest at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. This nano-delivery system is a potentially viable platform for mitochondrial-targeted delivery of BA and highlights mitochondrial targeting as an option in cancer therapy.
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Qin J, Gong N, Liao Z, Zhang S, Timashev P, Huo S, Liang XJ. Recent progress in mitochondria-targeting-based nanotechnology for cancer treatment. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:7108-7118. [PMID: 33889907 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr01068a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play critical roles in the regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of cancerous cells. Nanosystems for targeted delivery of cargos to mitochondria for cancer treatment have attracted increasing attention in the past few years. This review will summarize the state of the art of design and construction of nanosystems used for mitochondria-targeted delivery. The use of nanotechnology for cancer treatment through various pathways such as energy metabolism interference, reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, mitochondrial protein targeting, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) interference, mitophagy inducing, and combination therapy will be discussed. Finally, the major challenges and an outlook in this field will also be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Qin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Gunduz H, Bilici K, Cetin S, Muti A, Sennaroglu A, Yagci Acar H, Kolemen S. Dual laser activatable brominated hemicyanine as a highly efficient and photostable multimodal phototherapy agent. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 217:112171. [PMID: 33711563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dual phototherapy agents have attracted great interest in recent years as they offer enhanced cytotoxicity on cancer cells due to the synergistic effect of photodynamic and photothermal therapies (PDT/PTT). In this study, we demonstrate a brominated hemicyanine (HC-1), which is previously shown as mitochondria targeting PDT agent, can also serve as an effective photosensitizer for PTT for the first time under a single (640 nm or 808 nm) and dual laser (640 nm + 808 nm) irradiation. Generation of reactive oxygen species and photothermal conversion as a function of irradiation wavelength and power were studied. Both single wavelength irradiations caused significant phototoxicity in colon and cervical cancer cells after 5 min of irradiation. However, co-irradiation provided near-complete elimination of cancer cells due to synergistic action. This work introduces an easily accessible small molecule-based synergistic phototherapy agent, which holds a great promise towards the realization of local, rapid and highly efficient treatment modalities against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Gunduz
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Kubra Bilici
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Sultan Cetin
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Muti
- Koc University, Departments of Physics and Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Alphan Sennaroglu
- Koc University, Departments of Physics and Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey; Koc University, Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey.
| | - Havva Yagci Acar
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey; Koc University, Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey.
| | - Safacan Kolemen
- Koc University, Department of Chemistry, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey; Koc University, Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey; Koc University, Boron and Advanced Materials Application and Research Center (KUBAM), Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey; Koc University, TUPRAS Energy Center (KUTEM), Sariyer, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey.
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Mitochondrion targeting peptide-modified magnetic graphene oxide delivering mitoxantrone for impairment of tumor mitochondrial functions. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Sakai T, Matsuo Y, Okuda K, Hirota K, Tsuji M, Hirayama T, Nagasawa H. Development of antitumor biguanides targeting energy metabolism and stress responses in the tumor microenvironment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4852. [PMID: 33649449 PMCID: PMC7921556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To develop antitumor drugs capable of targeting energy metabolism in the tumor microenvironment, we produced a series of potent new biguanide derivatives via structural modification of the arylbiguanide scaffold. We then conducted biological screening using hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1- and unfolded protein response (UPR)-dependent reporter assays and selective cytotoxicity assay under low glucose conditions. Homologation studies of aryl-(CH2)n-biguanides (n = 0-6) yielded highly potent derivatives with an appropriate alkylene linker length (n = 5, 6). The o-chlorophenyl derivative 7l (n = 5) indicated the most potent inhibitory effects on HIF-1- and UPR-mediated transcriptional activation (IC50; 1.0 ± 0.1 μM, 7.5 ± 0.1 μM, respectively) and exhibited selective cytotoxicity toward HT29 cells under low glucose condition (IC50; 1.9 ± 0.1 μM). Additionally, the protein expression of HIF-1α induced by hypoxia and of GRP78 and GRP94 induced by glucose starvation was markedly suppressed by the biguanides, thereby inhibiting angiogenesis. Metabolic flux and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses of tumor cells revealed that the biguanides strongly inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and activated compensative glycolysis in the presence of glucose, whereas both were strongly suppressed in the absence of glucose, resulting in cellular energy depletion and apoptosis. These findings suggest that the pleiotropic effects of these biguanides may contribute to more selective and effective killing of cancer cells due to the suppression of various stress adaptation systems in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Sakai
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-City, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Matsuo
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kensuke Okuda
- Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kiichi Hirota
- Department of Human Stress Response Science, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Mieko Tsuji
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-City, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tasuku Hirayama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-City, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hideko Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu-City, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
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Wigner P, Zielinski K, Labieniec-Watala M, Marczak A, Szwed M. Doxorubicin-transferrin conjugate alters mitochondrial homeostasis and energy metabolism in human breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4544. [PMID: 33633284 PMCID: PMC7907108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is considered one of the most powerful chemotherapeutic agents but its clinical use has several limitations, including cardiomyopathy and cellular resistance to the drug. By using transferrin (Tf) as a drug carrier, however, the adverse effects of doxorubicin as well as drug resistance can be reduced. The main objective of this study was to determine the exact nature and extent to which mitochondrial function is influenced by DOX-Tf conjugate treatment, specifically in human breast adenocarcinoma cells. We assessed the potential of DOX-Tf conjugate as a drug delivery system, monitoring its cytotoxicity using the MTT assay and ATP measurements. Moreover, we measured the alterations of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress markers. The effect of DOX-Tf was the most pronounced in MDA-MB-231, triple-negative breast cancer cells, whereas non-cancer endothelial HUVEC-ST cells were more resistant to DOX-Tf conjugate than to free DOX treatment. A different sensitivity of two investigate breast cancer cell lines corresponded to the functionality of their cellular antioxidant systems and expression of estrogen receptors. Our data also revealed that conjugate treatment mediated free radical generation and altered the mitochondrial bioenergetics in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wigner
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Zielinski
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Labieniec-Watala
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Marczak
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marzena Szwed
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Patra S, Mahapatra KK, Praharaj PP, Panigrahi DP, Bhol CS, Mishra SR, Behera BP, Singh A, Jena M, Bhutia SK. Intricate role of mitochondrial calcium signalling in mitochondrial quality control for regulation of cancer cell fate. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:230-240. [PMID: 33476771 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial quality control is crucial for sustaining cellular maintenance. Mitochondrial Ca2+ plays an important role in the maintenance of mitochondrial quality control through regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis for preserving cellular homeostasis. The regulation of this dynamic interlink between these mitochondrial networks and mitochondrial Ca2+ appears indispensable for the adaptation of cells under external stimuli. Moreover, dysregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ divulges impaired mitochondrial control that results in several pathological conditions such as cancer. Hence this review untangles the interplay between mitochondrial Ca2+ and quality control that govern mitochondrial health and mitochondrial coordinates in the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Kewal Kumar Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Prakash Priyadarshi Praharaj
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Debasna Pritimanjari Panigrahi
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Chandra Sekhar Bhol
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Amruta Singh
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- PG Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Berhampur 760007, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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