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Zhang F, Geng L, Zhang J, Han S, Guo M, Xu Y, Chen C. miR-486-5p diagnosed atrial fibrillation, predicted the risk of left atrial fibrosis, and regulated angiotensin II-induced cardiac fibrosis via modulating PI3K/Akt signaling through targeting FOXO1. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05027-8. [PMID: 38782834 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study focused on miR-486-5p in atrial fibrillation (AF) evaluating its clinical significance and revealing its regulatory mechanism in cardiac fibroblasts, aiming to explore a novel biomarker for AF. The study enrolled 131 AF patients and 77 non-AF individuals. With the help of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the expression of miR-486-5p was evaluated. The significance of miR-486-5p in the diagnosis of AF and the occurrence of left atrial fibrosis (LAF) was assessed by receiver operating curve (ROC) and logistic analyses. The regulatory effect and mechanism of miR-486-5p on cardiac fibrosis were investigated in human cardiac fibroblasts treated with angiotensin II. miR-486-5p was significantly upregulated in AF patients and discriminated AF patients from non-AF individuals. Increasing miR-486-5p showed a significant association with decreasing left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), increasing left atrial diameter (LAD) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd), and the high incidence of LAF in AF patients. Moreover, miR-486-5p was identified as a risk factor for LAF and could distinguish AF patients with LAF and without LAF. In cardiac fibroblasts, angiotensin II induced the upregulation of miR-486-5p and promoted cell proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis. miR-486-5p negatively regulated forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) and its knockdown could reverse the promoted effect of angiotensin II. FOXO1 alleviated the effect of miR-486-5p, and the miR-486-5p/FOXO1 could activate PI3K/Akt signaling. The activation of PI3K/Akt signaling alleviated the enhanced proliferation, migration, and collagen synthesis of cardiac fibroblasts induced by angiotensin II, and its inhibition showed opposite effects. Increased miR-486-5p served as a biomarker for the diagnosis and development prediction of AF. miR-486-5p regulated cardiac fibroblast viability and collagen synthesis via modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling through targeting FOXO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, No. 212, Yuhua East Road, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Geng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, No. 212, Yuhua East Road, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Siliang Han
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, No. 212, Yuhua East Road, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengya Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, No. 212, Yuhua East Road, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, No. 212, Yuhua East Road, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, No. 212, Yuhua East Road, Baoding, 071000, People's Republic of China.
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Saba Villarroel PM, Gumpangseth N, Songhong T, Yainoy S, Monteil A, Leaungwutiwong P, Missé D, Wichit S. Emerging and re-emerging zoonotic viral diseases in Southeast Asia: One Health challenge. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1141483. [PMID: 37383270 PMCID: PMC10298164 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1141483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing significant social, environmental, and economic changes in Southeast Asia (SEA) make the region highly vulnerable to the emergence and re-emergence of zoonotic viral diseases. In the last century, SEA has faced major viral outbreaks with great health and economic impact, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), arboviruses, highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1), and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV); and so far, imported cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Given the recent challenging experiences in addressing emerging zoonotic diseases, it is necessary to redouble efforts to effectively implement the "One Health" initiative in the region, which aims to strengthen the human-animal-plant-environment interface to better prevent, detect and respond to health threats while promoting sustainable development. This review provides an overview of important emerging and re-emerging zoonotic viral diseases in SEA, with emphasis on the main drivers behind their emergency, the epidemiological situation from January 2000 to October 2022, and the importance of One Health to promote improved intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nuttamonpat Gumpangseth
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Thanaphon Songhong
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Sakda Yainoy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Arnaud Monteil
- Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Plateforme de Vectorologie, BioCampus, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Sineewanlaya Wichit
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Viral Vector Joint Unit and Joint Laboratory, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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3
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Cottis S, Blisnick AA, Failloux AB, Vernick KD. Determinants of Chikungunya and O'nyong-Nyong Virus Specificity for Infection of Aedes and Anopheles Mosquito Vectors. Viruses 2023; 15:589. [PMID: 36992298 PMCID: PMC10051923 DOI: 10.3390/v15030589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases caused by viruses and parasites are responsible for more than 700 million infections each year. Anopheles and Aedes are the two major vectors for, respectively, malaria and arboviruses. Anopheles mosquitoes are the primary vector of just one known arbovirus, the alphavirus o'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV), which is closely related to the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), vectored by Aedes mosquitoes. However, Anopheles harbor a complex natural virome of RNA viruses, and a number of pathogenic arboviruses have been isolated from Anopheles mosquitoes in nature. CHIKV and ONNV are in the same antigenic group, the Semliki Forest virus complex, are difficult to distinguish via immunodiagnostic assay, and symptomatically cause essentially the same human disease. The major difference between the arboviruses appears to be their differential use of mosquito vectors. The mechanisms governing this vector specificity are poorly understood. Here, we summarize intrinsic and extrinsic factors that could be associated with vector specificity by these viruses. We highlight the complexity and multifactorial aspect of vectorial specificity of the two alphaviruses, and evaluate the level of risk of vector shift by ONNV or CHIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solène Cottis
- Genetics and Genomics of Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, F-75015 Paris, France
- Graduate School of Life Sciences ED515, Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris VI, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Adrien A. Blisnick
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Anna-Bella Failloux
- Arboviruses and Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Kenneth D. Vernick
- Genetics and Genomics of Insect Vectors Unit, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR2000, F-75015 Paris, France
- Graduate School of Life Sciences ED515, Sorbonne Université UPMC Paris VI, 75252 Paris, France
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Togami E, Chiew M, Lowbridge C, Biaukula V, Bell L, Yajima A, Eshofonie A, Saulo D, Hien DTH, Otsu S, Dai TC, Ngon MS, Lee CK, Tsuyuoka R, Tuseo L, Khalakdina A, Kab V, Abeyasinghe RR, Yadav RP, Esguerra P, Casey S, Soo CP, Fukusumi M, Matsui T, Olowokure B. Epidemiology of dengue reported in the World Health Organization's Western Pacific Region, 2013-2019. Western Pac Surveill Response J 2023; 14:1-16. [PMID: 37064541 PMCID: PMC10090032 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2023.14.1.973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The global burden of dengue, an emerging and re-emerging mosquito-borne disease, increased during the 20-year period ending in 2019, with approximately 70% of cases estimated to have been in Asia. This report describes the epidemiology of dengue in the World Health Organization's Western Pacific Region during 2013-2019 using regional surveillance data reported from indicator-based surveillance systems from countries and areas in the Region, supplemented by publicly available dengue outbreak situation reports. The total reported annual number of dengue cases in the Region increased from 430 023 in 2013 to 1 050 285 in 2019, surpassing 1 million cases for the first time in 2019. The reported case-fatality ratio ranged from 0.19% (724/376 972 in 2014 and 2030/1 050 285 in 2019) to 0.30% (1380/458 843 in 2016). The introduction or reintroduction of serotypes to specific areas caused several outbreaks and rare occurrences of local transmission in places where dengue was not previously reported. This report reinforces the increased importance of dengue surveillance systems in monitoring dengue across the Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Togami
- Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, the Philippines
| | - May Chiew
- World Health Organization Representative Office for Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Christopher Lowbridge
- Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, the Philippines
| | - Viema Biaukula
- Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, the Philippines
| | - Leila Bell
- Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, the Philippines
| | - Aya Yajima
- Division of Programmes for Disease Control, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, the Philippines
| | - Anthony Eshofonie
- Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, the Philippines
| | - Dina Saulo
- Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, the Philippines
| | - Do Thi Hong Hien
- World Health Organization Representative Office for Viet Nam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Satoko Otsu
- World Health Organization Representative Office for Viet Nam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Cong Dai
- World Health Organization Representative Office for Viet Nam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Mya Sapal Ngon
- World Health Organization Representative Office for Viet Nam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Chin-Kei Lee
- World Health Organization Representative Office for China, Beijing, China
| | - Reiko Tsuyuoka
- World Health Organization Representative Office for Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | - Luciano Tuseo
- World Health Organization Representative Office for Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Asheena Khalakdina
- World Health Organization Representative Office for Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Vannda Kab
- World Health Organization Representative Office for Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Rajendra Prasad Yadav
- World Health Organization Representative Office for the Philippines, Manila, the Philippines
| | - Princess Esguerra
- World Health Organization Representative Office for the Philippines, Manila, the Philippines
| | - Sean Casey
- Division of Pacific Technical Support, World Health Organization, Suva, Fiji
| | - Chun Paul Soo
- World Health Organization Representative Office for Malaysia, Cyberjaya, Malaysia
| | - Munehisa Fukusumi
- Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, the Philippines
| | - Tamano Matsui
- Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, the Philippines
| | - Babatunde Olowokure
- Health Emergencies Programme, World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific, Manila, the Philippines
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Low Transmission of Chikungunya Virus by Aedes aegypti from Vientiane Capital, Lao PDR. Pathogens 2022; 12:pathogens12010031. [PMID: 36678379 PMCID: PMC9860973 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2012−2013, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was the cause of a major outbreak in the southern part of Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Since then, only a few imported cases, with isolates belonging to different lineages, were recorded between 2014 and 2020 in Vientiane capital and few autochthonous cases of ECSA-IOL lineage were detected in the south of the country in 2020. The CHIKV epidemiological profile contrasts with the continuous and intensive circulation of dengue virus in the country, especially in Vientiane capital. The study’s aim was to investigate the ability of the local field-derived Aedes aegypti population from Vientiane capital to transmit the Asian and ECSA-IOL lineages of CHIKV. Our results revealed that, for both CHIKV lineages, infection rates were low and dissemination rates were high. The transmission rates and efficiencies evidenced a low vector competence for the CHIKV tested. Although this population of Ae. aegypti showed a relatively modest vector competence for these two CHIKV lineages, several other factors could influence arbovirus emergence such as the longevity and density of female mosquitoes. Due to the active circulation of CHIKV in Southeast Asia, investigations on these factors should be done to prevent the risk of CHIKV emergence and spread in Lao PDR and neighboring countries.
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6
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Epidemiological profile of dengue in Champasak and Savannakhet provinces, Lao People's Democratic Republic, 2003-2020. Western Pac Surveill Response J 2022; 13:1-13. [PMID: 36817500 PMCID: PMC9912291 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2022.13.4.932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a public health issue in tropical south-eastern Asia responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Information on dengue epidemiology is necessary for developing strategies to control infections effectively. In the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), Champasak and Savannakhet provinces account for around 30% of the national dengue burden. In this study, the dengue epidemiological profile in these two southern provinces of Lao PDR was described by analysing seasonal and spatial dengue notification data from 2003–2020 using the long-term mean (LTM) method. Savannakhet had a higher LTM (132.0 cases/month, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 92.2–171.7) than Champasak (113.3 cases/month, 95% CI: 86.0–140.5), with peaks in dengue notifications following the rainy season in both provinces. The highest notification rates were observed in July to September; these months were also when the LTM was most frequently exceeded. Previously, dengue notifications were largely confined to the western districts of Savannakhet and the northern districts of Champasak, but more recently, notifications have increased in the eastern districts of Savannakhet and southern districts of Champasak. While the notification rate remained high in children and young adults (5–30 years), especially among students and farmers, a shift in the age structure of dengue cases was observed, with a greater proportion of notifications now occurring in those aged over 30 years. Community-based vector control and prevention programmes are needed to restrict the spread of dengue into new geographical areas in the southern provinces of Lao PDR.
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7
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Global prevalence of dengue and chikungunya coinfection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 43,341 participants. Acta Trop 2022; 231:106408. [PMID: 35305942 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dengue and chikungunya virus are important arboviruses of public health concern. In the past decades, they have accounted for numerous outbreaks of dengue and chikungunya in different parts of the world. Several cases of concurrent infection of dengue and chikungunya have been documented. However, the true burden of this concurrent infection is unknown. Here, a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data on the prevalence of dengue and chikungunya coinfection in the human population was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Six electronic databases (Web of science, Embase, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar) were searched without year or language restrictions for relevant studies. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020175344). Eighty-three studies involving a total of 43,341 participants were included. The random-effects model was employed to calculate the summary estimates. A pooled global prevalence of 2.5% (95% CI: 1.8-3.4) was obtained for dengue and chikungunya coinfection. Males and females appear to be coinfected at a fairly similar rate. Among the regions, Asia accounted for the highest prevalence (3.3%, 95% CI: 2.3-4.6) while North America was the least (0.8%, 95% CI: 0.3-2.4). The prevalence estimates varied across different countries. A much higher prevalence rates were obtained for Colombia (37.4%, 95% CI: 9.1-78.1), Madagascar (18.2%, 95% CI: 10.1-30.6), Laos (12.5%, 95% CI: 5.3-26.7), Maldives (4.5%, 95% CI: 1.5-13.0) and Thailand (3.7%, 95% CI: 0.4-26.3). This first extensive systematic review and meta-analysis reveals dengue and chikungunya coinfection as a global problem worthy of consideration. It is therefore pertinent that both infections be assessed during diagnosis, mosquito vector control practices be implemented, and vaccine development strides be supported globally.
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Shukla M, Chandley P, Tapryal S, Kumar N, Mukherjee SP, Rohatgi S. Expression, Purification, and Refolding of Chikungunya Virus Full-Length Envelope E2 Protein along with B-Cell and T-Cell Epitope Analyses Using Immuno-Informatics Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:3491-3513. [PMID: 35128258 PMCID: PMC8811930 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus, which causes severe illness in humans and is responsible for epidemic outbreaks in Africa, Asia, North and South America, and Europe. Despite its increased global prevalence, no licensed vaccines are available to date for treating or preventing CHIKV infection. The envelope E2 protein is one of the promising subunit vaccine candidates against CHIKV. In this study, we describe successful cloning, expression, and purification of CHIKV E2 full-length (E2-FL) and truncated (E2-ΔC and E2-ΔNC) proteins in the Escherichia coli expression system. The recombinant E2 proteins were purified from inclusion bodies using Ni-NTA chromatography. Further, we describe a detailed refolding procedure for obtaining the CHIKV E2-FL protein in native conformation, which was confirmed using circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. BALB/c mice immunized with the three different E2 proteins exhibited increased E2-specific antibody titers compared to sham-immunized controls, suggesting induction of strong humoral immune response. On analyzing the E2-specific antibody response generated in immunized mice, the CHIKV E2-FL protein was observed to be the most immunogenic among the three different CHIKV E2 antigens used in the study. Our B-cell and T-cell epitope mapping results indicate that the presence of specific immunogenic peptides located in the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of the CHIKV E2-FL protein may contribute to its increased immunogenicity, compared to truncated CHIKV E2 proteins. In summary, our study provides a detailed protocol for expressing, purifying, and refolding of the CHIKV E2-FL protein and provides an understanding of its immunogenic epitopes, which can be exploited for the development of novel multiepitope-based anti-CHIKV vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Shukla
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pankaj Chandley
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Suman Tapryal
- Department
of Biotechnology, Central University of
Rajasthan, Bandersindri,
Kishangarh, Ajmer 305817, Rajasthan, India
| | - Narendra Kumar
- Jaypee
University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan 173234, India
| | - Sulakshana P. Mukherjee
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Soma Rohatgi
- Department
of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian
Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
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Poltep K, Phadungsombat J, Nakayama EE, Kosoltanapiwat N, Hanboonkunupakarn B, Wiriyarat W, Shioda T, Leaungwutiwong P. Genetic Diversity of Dengue Virus in Clinical Specimens from Bangkok, Thailand, during 2018-2020: Co-Circulation of All Four Serotypes with Multiple Genotypes and/or Clades. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:tropicalmed6030162. [PMID: 34564546 PMCID: PMC8482112 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6030162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is an arboviral disease highly endemic in Bangkok, Thailand. To characterize the current genetic diversity of dengue virus (DENV), we recruited patients with suspected DENV infection at the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, during 2018-2020. We determined complete nucleotide sequences of the DENV envelope region for 111 of 276 participant serum samples. All four DENV serotypes were detected, with the highest proportion being DENV-1. Although all DENV-1 sequences were genotype I, our DENV-1 sequences were divided into four distinct clades with different distributions in Asian countries. Two genotypes of DENV-2 were identified, Asian I and Cosmopolitan, which were further divided into two and three distinct clades, respectively. In DENV-3, in addition to the previously dominant genotype III, a cluster of 6 genotype I viruses only rarely reported in Thailand was also observed. All of the DENV-4 viruses belonged to genotype I, but they were separated into three distinct clades. These results indicated that all four serotypes of DENV with multiple genotypes and/or clades co-circulate in Bangkok. Continuous investigation of DENV is warranted to further determine the relationship between DENV within Thailand and neighboring countries in Southeast Asia and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanaporn Poltep
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.P.); (N.K.)
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.P.); (E.E.N.)
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Juthamas Phadungsombat
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.P.); (E.E.N.)
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Emi E. Nakayama
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.P.); (E.E.N.)
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.P.); (N.K.)
| | - Borimas Hanboonkunupakarn
- Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Witthawat Wiriyarat
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Tatsuo Shioda
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases (MOCID), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (J.P.); (E.E.N.)
- Department of Viral Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (P.L.)
| | - Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.P.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: (T.S.); (P.L.)
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10
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Shimono T, Kanda S, Lamaningao P, Murakami Y, Darcy AW, Mishima N, Inthavongsack S, Soprasert O, Xaypangna T, Nishiyama T. Phenotypic and haplotypic profiles of insecticide resistance in populations of Aedes aegypti larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) from central Lao PDR. Trop Med Health 2021; 49:32. [PMID: 33883036 PMCID: PMC8061177 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-021-00321-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aedes aegypti, which is widely distributed in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), is the primary vector of arboviral diseases. Chemical insecticides have been intensively used to eliminate mosquito-borne diseases, resulting in the development of insecticide resistance. However, little is known about the insecticide resistance of mosquito populations in Lao PDR and the mechanisms responsible for it, which have important implications for vector management programs. Here, we examined the phenotypic and haplotypic profiles of insecticide resistance in populations of Ae. aegypti larvae from central Lao PDR. Methods Ae. aegypti larvae were collected from four sites in Lao PDR, and their susceptibility to temephos, deltamethrin, permethrin, and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) was tested using larval bioassays. Synergistic tests were also conducted to evaluate the activity of insecticide-metabolizing enzymes in the larvae. Deltamethrin-resistant and Deltamethrin-susceptible larvae were then genotyped for knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations to determine the associations between each genotype and resistance. Results Ae. aegypti larvae from central Lao PDR were considered to be “resistant” (<98% mortality) to organophosphates and pyrethroids. The bio-insecticide Bti remains effective against such larvae. The resistance mechanisms of Ae. aegypti larvae were found to vary among populations, especially for pyrethroid resistance. Kdr mutations were significantly associated with deltamethrin resistance in Ae. aegypti from the Xaythany population. In contrast, synergist assays with piperonyl butoxide suggested that cytochrome P450 monooxygenases played an important role in the resistance seen in the Khounkham and Thakhek populations. Conclusion This study obtained information that will aid the design and implementation of insecticide-based vector management of Ae. aegypti in central Lao PDR. Ae. aegypti larvae from central Lao PDR were highly susceptible to Bti, while they were resistant to temephos at a diagnostic dose of 0.0286 mg/L. Given the limited number of insecticides that are approved for vector control, it is important to alternate between temephos and other larvicides, such as Bti and pyriproxyfen. The differences in pyrethroid resistance mechanisms seen among the Ae. aegypti populations highlight the need to tailor vector-control strategies to each region to increase the success of dengue control in Lao PDR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41182-021-00321-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaki Shimono
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.,Regenerative Research Center for Intractable Diseases, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Seiji Kanda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan. .,Regenerative Research Center for Intractable Diseases, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Pheophet Lamaningao
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.,Regenerative Research Center for Intractable Diseases, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.,Regenerative Research Center for Intractable Diseases, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Andrew Waleluma Darcy
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Mishima
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Somchit Inthavongsack
- Station of Malariology, Parasitology, and Entomology, Khammouane Provincial Health Department, Thakhek, Khammouane Province, Lao PDR
| | - Odai Soprasert
- Khammouane Provincial Health Department, Thakhek, Khammouane Province, Lao PDR
| | | | - Toshimasa Nishiyama
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
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11
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Vongsouvath M, Bharucha T, Seephonelee M, de Lamballerie X, Newton PN, Dubot-Pérès A. Harnessing Dengue Rapid Diagnostic Tests for the Combined Surveillance of Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya Viruses in Laos. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:1244-1248. [PMID: 32157991 PMCID: PMC7253103 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent expansions of vector-borne diseases highlight the need for improved surveillance, especially in resource-poor settings. Dengue virus (DENV), chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Zika virus (ZIKV) share the same vectors as well as similar clinical presentations, suggesting that combined surveillance would be useful. We hypothesized that blood spotted on dengue rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) could be harnessed for sample collection in remote areas for subsequent detection of DENV, CHIKV, and ZIKV by reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). CHIKV and ZIKV dilutions were spotted on dengue RDTs (SD BIOLINE Dengue DUO, Standard Diagnostics, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea), dried, and extracted. As reference, aliquots of each viral dilution were directly extracted. Using specific RT-qPCR tests, both viruses were successfully detected from RDT extracts. However, the limit of detection was slightly lower in comparison to direct extracts, two logfold for CHIKV and one logfold for ZIKV. For analysis of temperature stability, DENV dilutions were spotted on RDTs and stored for up to 2 months at −80°C, 4°C, or 35°C before testing. Storage of RDTs for 2 months at 35°C did not compromise detection of RNA by RT-qPCR; only minimal degradation was observed. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates the potential of using dengue RDTs for DENV/CHIKV/ZIKV combined surveillance in areas without access to laboratory facilities. Further investigations are needed for evaluation of tri-viral surveillance under field conditions using patient samples. Large-scale implementation of surveillance for these viruses is of crucial public health importance for the early detection of epidemics. This method also has important implications for improving understanding of the molecular epidemiology of the three viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manivanh Vongsouvath
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Tehmina Bharucha
- Institute of Glycobiology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Malee Seephonelee
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Paul N Newton
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Audrey Dubot-Pérès
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR.,Unité des Virus Émergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ-IRD 190-Inserm 1207-IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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12
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Calvez E, Somlor S, Viengphouthong S, Balière C, Bounmany P, Keosenhom S, Caro V, Grandadam M. Rapid genotyping protocol to improve dengue virus serotype 2 survey in Lao PDR. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237384. [PMID: 32764809 PMCID: PMC7413503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is one of the major public health problems in Lao PDR. Over the last decade, dengue virus (DENV) epidemics were characterized by a novel predominant serotype accompanied by at least two other serotypes. Since 2008, DENV-2 circulated at a low level in Lao PDR but its epidemiologic profile changed at the end of 2018. Indeed, the number of confirmed DENV-2 cases suddenly increased in October 2018 and DENV-2 became predominant at the country level in early 2019. We developed a Genotype Screening Protocol (GSP) to determine the origin(s) of the Lao DENV-2 and study their genetic polymorphism. With a good correlation with full envelope gene sequencing data, this molecular epidemiology tool evidence the co-circulation of two highly polymorphic DENV-2 genotypes, i.e. Asian I and Cosmopolitan genotypes, over the last five years, suggesting multiple introductions of DENV-2 in the country. GSP approach provides relevant first line information that may help countries with limited laboratory resources to reinforce their capabilities to DENV-2 and to follow the epidemics progresses and assess situations at the regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Calvez
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Somphavanh Somlor
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | | | | | | | - Sitsana Keosenhom
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
| | | | - Marc Grandadam
- Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
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13
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Dengue virus co-infections with multiple serotypes do not result in a different clinical outcome compared to mono-infections. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 148:e119. [PMID: 32594967 PMCID: PMC7325333 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268820000229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulation of multiple dengue virus (DENV) serotypes in a locale has resulted in individuals becoming infected with mixed serotypes. This research was undertaken to study the clinical presentation, presence of DENV serotypes and serological characteristics of DENV infected patients with co-infections from three Provinces of Sri Lanka where DENV-1 and -2 predominated during the study. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed on 1249 patient samples and 301 were positive for DENV (24.1%). DENV-1 was the predominant serotype detected in 137 (45.51%) followed by DENV-2 in 65 (21.59%), DENV-3 in 59 (19.6%) and DENV-4 in 4 (1.32%) patients with mono-infections. Thirty-three patients (10.96%) had DENV co-infections with two or more serotypes. The highest number of co-infections was noted between DENV-1 and DENV-2 (57.57%) suggesting co-infection is driven by the frequency of the circulating serotypes. Platelet counts were significantly higher in DENV co-infected patients although clinical disease severity or white blood cell count, packed cell volume or viraemia were not significantly different in the co-infected compared to the mono-infected patients. Thus co-infection with multiple DENV serotypes does occur but with the exception of improved platelet counts in co-infected patients, there is no evidence that clinical or laboratory measures of disease are altered.
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14
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Darcy AW, Kanda S, Dalipanda T, Joshua C, Shimono T, Lamaningao P, Mishima N, Nishiyama T. Multiple arboviral infections during a DENV-2 outbreak in Solomon Islands. Trop Med Health 2020; 48:33. [PMID: 32435149 PMCID: PMC7225641 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-020-00217-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Solomon Islands, a country made up of tropical islands, has suffered cyclic dengue fever (DF) outbreaks in the past three decades. An outbreak of dengue-like illness (DLI) that occurred in April 2016 prompted this study, which aimed to determine the population’s immunity status and identify the arboviruses circulating in the country. Methods A household survey, involving 188 participants in two urban areas (Honiara and Gizo), and a parallel hospital-based clinical survey were conducted in April 2016. The latter was repeated in December after a surge in DLI cases. Arbovirus IgG ELISA were performed on the household blood samples to determine the prevalence of arboviruses in the community, while qPCR testing of the clinical samples was used to identify the circulating arboviruses. Dengue virus (DENV)-positive samples were further characterized by amplifying and sequencing the envelope gene. Results The overall prevalence rates of DENV, Zika virus, and chikungunya virus were 83.4%, 7.6%, and 0.9%, respectively. The qPCR positivity rates of the clinical samples collected in April 2016 were as follows: DENV 39.6%, Zika virus 16.7%, and chikungunya virus 6.3%, which increased to 74%, 48%, and 20% respectively in December 2016. The displacement of the circulating serotype-3, genotype-1, with DENV serotype 2, genotype cosmopolitan was responsible for the outbreak in 2016. Conclusions A DENV outbreak in Solomon Islands was caused by the introduction of a single serotype. The high prevalence of DENV provided transient cross-protection, which prevented the introduction of a new serotype from the hyperendemic region for at least 3 years. The severe outcomes seen in the recent outbreak probably resulted from changes in the causative viruses and the effects of population immunity and changes in the outbreak pattern. Solomon Islands needs to step up surveillance to include molecular tools, increase regional communication, and perform timely interventions.
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15
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Blessmann J, Winkelmann Y, Keoviengkhone L, Sopraseuth V, Kann S, Hansen J, El Halas H, Emmerich P, Schmidt-Chanasit J, Schmitz H, Mika A, Deschermeier C. Assessment of diagnostic and analytic performance of the SD Bioline Dengue Duo test for dengue virus (DENV) infections in an endemic area (Savannakhet province, Lao People's Democratic Republic). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230337. [PMID: 32182271 PMCID: PMC7077838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapid tests detecting both dengue virus (DENV) NS1 antigen and anti-DENV IgM and IgG antibodies facilitate diagnosis of dengue fever (DF) in resource-poor settings. Methodology/principal findings 92 acute phase serum samples from patients with a PCR-confirmed DENV infection collected in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) in 2013 and 2015 were analyzed with the SD Bioline Dengue Duo test. A subset of 74 samples was additionally tested with the Platelia NS1 antigen test, the Panbio DENV μ-capture ELISA and the Panbio DENV IgG ELISA. IgM seroconversion was assayed using follow-up samples of 35 patients collected in the convalescent phase. 57.6%, 22.8% and 44.6% of acute phase serum samples tested positive in the SD Bioline Dengue Duo NS1, IgM, and IgG test, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity of the SD Bioline Dengue Duo NS1 test strongly correlated with viral load, decreased rapidly over the acute phase of the disease, and was significantly reduced in presence of high anti-DENV IgG antibody titers resulting from secondary DENV infection. While a good concordance (Cohen’s kappa 0.78) was found between the SD Bioline Dengue Duo NS1 test and the Platelia NS1 antigen ELISA, both the SD Bioline Dengue Duo IgM and IgG test displayed a significantly lower sensitivity than the corresponding ELISA tests. Conclusions/significance The SD Bioline Dengue Duo test is a valuable tool for diagnosis of DENV infections especially when analyzing early acute phase samples with high viral load. Nevertheless, in endemic areas, where secondary flavivirus infections are common, diagnostic sensitivity of the NS1 and IgM test components may be compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Blessmann
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yvonne Winkelmann
- Department for Infectious Disease Diagnostics, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Simone Kann
- Missionsärztliches Institut, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Hansen
- Department for Infectious Disease Diagnostics, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Petra Emmerich
- Department for Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jonas Schmidt-Chanasit
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Schmitz
- Department for Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angela Mika
- Department for Infectious Disease Diagnostics, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christina Deschermeier
- Department for Infectious Disease Diagnostics, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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16
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Hamel R, Surasombatpattana P, Wichit S, Dauvé A, Donato C, Pompon J, Vijaykrishna D, Liegeois F, Vargas RM, Luplertlop N, Missé D. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the co-circulation of four dengue virus serotypes in Southern Thailand. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221179. [PMID: 31415663 PMCID: PMC6695175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is caused by dengue viruses (DENV) from the Flavivirus genus and is the most prevalent arboviral disease. DENV exists in four immunogenically distinct and genetically-related serotypes (DENV-1 to 4), each subdivided in genotypes. Despite the endemicity of all four DENV serotypes in Thailand, no prior study has characterized the circulation of DENV in the southern provinces of the country. To determine the genetic diversity of DENV circulating in Southern Thailand in 2015 and 2016, we investigated 46 viruses from 182 patients' sera confirmed positive for DENV by serological and Nested RT-PCR tests. Our dataset included 2 DENV-1, 20 DENV-2, 9 DENV-3 and 15 DENV-4. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on viral envelop sequences. This revealed that part of the identified genotypes from DENV-1 and DENV-4 had been predominant in Asia (genotype I for both serotypes), while genotype II for DENV-4 and the Cosmopolitan genotype DENV-2 were also circulating. Whereas DENV-3 genotype II had been predominantly detected in South East Asia during the previous decades, we found genotype III and genotype I in Southern Thailand. All DENV genotype identified in this study were closely related to contemporary strains circulating in Southeast Asian countries, emphasizing the regional circulation of DENV. These results provide new insights into the co-circulation of all four DENV serotypes in Southern Thailand, confirming the hyperendemicity of DENV in the region. These findings also suggest a new trend of dissemination for some DENV serotypes with a possible shift in genotype distribution; as recently observed in other Asian countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Hamel
- MIVEGEC UMR 224, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Alexandra Dauvé
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Celeste Donato
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Julien Pompon
- MIVEGEC UMR 224, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florian Liegeois
- MIVEGEC UMR 224, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Ronald Morales Vargas
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natthanej Luplertlop
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dorothée Missé
- MIVEGEC UMR 224, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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17
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Dengue-like illness surveillance: a two-year longitudinal survey in suburban and rural communities in the Lao People's Democratic Republic and in Thailand. Western Pac Surveill Response J 2019; 10:15-24. [PMID: 31110838 PMCID: PMC6507124 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2017.8.4.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the incidences of dengue-like illness (DLI), dengue virus (DENV) infection, and serotypes and to identify socio-demographical and entomological risk factors of DLI in selected suburban and rural communities in the Lao People's Democratic Republic and in Thailand. Methods A two-year longitudinal study was conducted in four villages during the inter-epidemic period between 2011 and 2013. Entomological surveys, semi-structured interviews of household heads and observations were conducted. Occurrences of DLI were recorded weekly using the World Health Organization’s dengue definition along with blood samples; results were compared with national surveillance dengue data. Risk factors of DLI were assessed using logistic regression. Results Among the 2007 people in the study, 83 DLI cases were reported: 69 in suburban Lao People's Democratic Republic, 11 in rural Thailand, three in rural Lao People's Democratic Republic and none in suburban Thailand. Four were confirmed DENV: two from suburban Lao People's Democratic Republic (both DENV-1) and two from rural Thailand (both DENV-2). Although the number of detected DLIs during the study period was low, DLI incidence was higher in the study compared to the dengue surveillance data in both countries. DLI in suburban Lao People's Democratic Republic was associated with age and occupation, but not with the number of pupae per person. Discussion This study highlights the importance of continuous clinical and vector surveillance for dengue to improve early detection of dengue and other mosquito-borne diseases in the region.
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18
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Mascarenhas M, Garasia S, Berthiaume P, Corrin T, Greig J, Ng V, Young I, Waddell L. A scoping review of published literature on chikungunya virus. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207554. [PMID: 30496207 PMCID: PMC6264817 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has caused several major epidemics globally over the last two decades and is quickly expanding into new areas. Although this mosquito-borne disease is self-limiting and is not associated with high mortality, it can lead to severe, chronic and disabling arthritis, thereby posing a heavy burden to healthcare systems. The two main vectors for CHIKV are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito); however, many other mosquito species have been described as competent CHIKV vectors in scientific literature. With climate change, globalization and unfettered urban planning affecting many areas, CHIKV poses a significant public health risk to many countries. A scoping review was conducted to collate and categorize all pertinent information gleaned from published scientific literature on a priori defined aspects of CHIKV and its competent vectors. After developing a sensitive and specific search algorithm for the research question, seven databases were searched and data was extracted from 1920 relevant articles. Results show that CHIKV research is reported predominantly in areas after major epidemics have occurred. There has been an upsurge in CHIKV publications since 2011, especially after first reports of CHIKV emergence in the Americas. A list of hosts and vectors that could potentially be involved in the sylvatic and urban transmission cycles of CHIKV has been compiled in this scoping review. In addition, a repository of CHIKV mutations associated with evolutionary fitness and adaptation has been created by compiling and characterizing these genetic variants as reported in scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola Mascarenhas
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sophiya Garasia
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippe Berthiaume
- National Microbiology Laboratory at St. Hyacinthe, Public Health Agency of Canada, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tricia Corrin
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Judy Greig
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria Ng
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Young
- School of Occupational and Public Health, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Waddell
- National Microbiology Laboratory at Guelph, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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19
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de Souza TMA, Ribeiro ED, Corrêa VCE, Damasco PV, Santos CC, de Bruycker-Nogueira F, Chouin-Carneiro T, Faria NRDC, Nunes PCG, Heringer M, Lima MDRQ, Badolato-Corrêa J, Cipitelli MDC, Azeredo ELD, Nogueira RMR, Dos Santos FB. Following in the Footsteps of the Chikungunya Virus in Brazil: The First Autochthonous Cases in Amapá in 2014 and Its Emergence in Rio de Janeiro during 2016. Viruses 2018; 10:v10110623. [PMID: 30424530 PMCID: PMC6266966 DOI: 10.3390/v10110623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, Brazil lives a triple arboviruses epidemic (DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV) making the differential diagnosis difficult for health professionals. Here, we aimed to investigate chikungunya cases and the possible occurrence of co-infections during the epidemic in Amapá (AP) that started in 2014 when the first autochthonous cases were reported and in Rio de Janeiro (RJ) in 2016. We further performed molecular characterization and genotyping of representative strains. In AP, 51.4% of the suspected cases were confirmed for CHIKV, 71.0% (76/107). Of those, 24 co-infections by CHIKV/DENV, two by CHIKV/DENV-1, and two by CHIKV/DENV-4 were observed. In RJ, 76.9% of the suspected cases were confirmed for CHIKV and co-infections by CHIKV/DENV (n = 8) and by CHIKV/ZIKV (n = 17) were observed. Overall, fever, arthralgia, myalgia, prostration, edema, exanthema, conjunctival hyperemia, lower back pain, dizziness, nausea, retroorbital pain, and anorexia were the predominating chikungunya clinical symptoms described. All strains analyzed from AP belonged to the Asian genotype and no amino acid changes were observed. In RJ, the East-Central-South-African genotype (ECSA) circulation was demonstrated and no E1-A226V mutation was observed. Despite this, an E1-V156A substitution was characterized in two samples and for the first time, the E1-K211T mutation was reported in all samples analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paulo Vieira Damasco
- Rio-Laranjeiras Hospital, 22240-000 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Gaffrée Guinle University Hospital, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, 20270-003 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Thaís Chouin-Carneiro
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Manoela Heringer
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Tangena JAA, Marcombe S, Thammavong P, Chonephetsarath S, Somphong B, Sayteng K, Grandadam M, Sutherland IW, Lindsay SW, Brey PT. Bionomics and insecticide resistance of the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus in northern Lao PDR. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206387. [PMID: 30359425 PMCID: PMC6201963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last four decades there has been a staggering increase in the geographical range of the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894). This species is now found in every continent except Antarctica, increasing the distribution of arboviral diseases such as dengue and chikungunya. In Lao PDR dengue epidemics occur regularly, with cases of chikungunya also reported. As treatment methods for arboviral diseases is limited, the control of the vector mosquitoes are essential. There is a paucity of information on the bionomics and resistance status of this mosquito for successful vector control efforts. Here we describe the bionomics and insecticide resistance status of Ae. albopictus in Laos to identify opportunities for control. Adult Ae. albopictus were collected using human-baited double bed net (HDN) traps in forests, villages and rubber plantations and tested for alpha- and flaviviruses with RT-PCR. Surveys were also conducted to identify larval habitats. Seven adult and larval populations originating from Vientiane Capital and Luang Prabang province were tested against DDT, malathion, permethrin, deltamethrin and, temephos following WHO protocols. Aedes albopictus were found throughout the year, but were six-fold greater in the rainy season than the dry season. Adult females were active for 24 hours, with peak of behaviour at 18.00 h. The secondary forest and rubber plantation samples showed evidence of Pan-flaviviruses, while samples from the villages did not. More than half of the emerged Ae. albopictus were collected from mature rubber plantations (53.9%; 1,533/2,845). Most Ae. albopictus mosquitoes emerged from latex collection cups (19.7%; 562/2,845), small water containers (19.7%; 562/2,845) and tyres (17.4%; 495/2,845). Adult mosquitoes were susceptible to pyrethroids, apart from one population in Vientiane city. All populations were resistant to DDT (between 27-90% mortality) and all except one were resistant to malathion (20-86%). Three of the seven larval populations were resistant to temephos (42-87%), with suspected resistance found in three other populations (92-98%).This study demonstrates that rural areas in northern Laos are potential hot spots for arboviral disease transmission. Multiple-insecticide resistance was found. Aedes albopictus control efforts in villages need to expand to include secondary forests and rubber plantations, with larval source management and limited use of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Anne A. Tangena
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Sébastien Marcombe
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Phoutmany Thammavong
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | | | - Boudsady Somphong
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Kouxiong Sayteng
- Arbovirology and Emerging Viruses Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Ian W. Sutherland
- United States Naval Medical Research Center—Asia, PSA SEMBAWANG, Singapore
- United States Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, NAS Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steve W. Lindsay
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T. Brey
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
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21
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Salam N, Mustafa S, Hafiz A, Chaudhary AA, Deeba F, Parveen S. Global prevalence and distribution of coinfection of malaria, dengue and chikungunya: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:710. [PMID: 29879935 PMCID: PMC5992662 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya are vector borne diseases with shared endemic profiles and symptoms. Coinfections with any of these diseases could have fatal outcomes if left undiagnosed. Understanding the prevalence and distribution of coinfections is necessary to improve diagnosis and designing therapeutic interventions. METHODS We have carried out a systematic search of the published literature based on PRISMA guidelines to identify cases of Malaria, Dengue and Chikungunya coinfections. We systematically reviewed the literature to identify eligible studies and extracted data regarding cases of coinfection from cross sectional studies, case reports, retrospective studies, prospective observational studies and surveillance reports. RESULTS Care full screening resulted in 104 publications that met the eligibility criteria and reported Malaria/Dengue, Dengue/Chikungunya, Malaria/Chikungunya and Malaria/Dengue/Chikungunya coinfections. These coinfections were spread over six geographical locations and 42 different countries and are reported more frequently in the last 15 years possibly due to expanding epidemiology of Dengue and Chikungunya. Few of these reports have also analysed distinguishing features of coinfections. Malaria/Dengue coinfections were the most common coinfection followed by Dengue/Chikungunya, Malaria/Chikungunya and Malaria/Dengue/Chikungunya coinfections. P. falciparum and P. vivax were the commonest species found in cases of malaria coinfections and Dengue serotype-4 commonest serotype in cases of dengue coinfections. Most studies were reported from India. Nigeria and India were the only two countries from where all possible combinations of coinfections were reported. CONCLUSION We have comprehensively reviewed the literature associated with cases of coinfections of three important vector borne diseases to present a clear picture of their prevalence and distribution across the globe. The frequency of coinfections presented in the study suggests proper diagnosis, surveillance and management of cases of coinfection to avoid poor prognosis of the underlying etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Salam
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shoeb Mustafa
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Hafiz
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah Deeba
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
| | - Shama Parveen
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025 India
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22
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Azeredo EL, Dos Santos FB, Barbosa LS, Souza TMA, Badolato-Corrêa J, Sánchez-Arcila JC, Nunes PCG, de-Oliveira-Pinto LM, de Filippis AM, Dal Fabbro M, Hoscher Romanholi I, Venancio da Cunha R. Clinical and Laboratory Profile of Zika and Dengue Infected Patients: Lessons Learned From the Co-circulation of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya in Brazil. PLOS CURRENTS 2018; 10. [PMID: 29588874 PMCID: PMC5843488 DOI: 10.1371/currents.outbreaks.0bf6aeb4d30824de63c4d5d745b217f5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: The current triple epidemic caused by dengue, zika and chikungunya constitutes a serious health problem in Brazil. The aim of this study was to investigate acute samples (up to the 7 days of symptoms) from patients presenting acute fever syndrome suspected as arboviral infection and characterize the clinical and laboratorial profile during the co-circulation of dengue, zika and chikungunya in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), midwest region of Brazil. Methods: All suspected cases (n=134) were tested by using serological and molecular diagnostic tests including DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV RT-PCR, Dengue nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) antigen capture ELISA, anti- DENV IgM ELISA and anti-CHIKV IgM ELISA. In addition, clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters of infected patients were analyzed. Results: It was observed that 79.1% of the blood samples were confirmed for ZIKV and/or DENV infection Of those, 38.0% patients were DENV monoinfected, 26.8% were ZIKV monoinfected and 13.4% were DENV/ZIKV co-infected. Seven patients presented Chikungunya IgM antibodies indicating a previous CHIKV infection. Common symptoms included fever, rash, arthralgia, myalgia, prostration, headache and conjunctivitis. Statistical analysis showed that pruritus and edema were associated with ZIKV infection while prostration and vomiting were more associated with dengue. Additionally, total protein and ALT levels were significantly different in DENV patients compared to ZIKV ones. Some DENV infected patients as well as co-infected needed hospitalization and venous hydration. Otherwise, most ZIKV infected patients presented mild clinical course. Among the pregnant women studied (n=11), three were ZIKV monoinfected while four were DENV monoinfected and two were DENV-1/ZIKV coinfected. In general, normal birth outcomes were observed except for the death due to respiratory insufficiency of one baby born to a mother coinfected with DENV-1/ZIKV. Conclusions: Herein, we provide evidence of the co-circulation of DENV, ZIKV and CHIKV infections in the Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, with a high frequency of DENV-1/ZIKV coinfection. Laboratorial diagnosis poses a challenge where those arboviruses are endemic and differential diagnosis proved to imperative for cases characterization. The knowledge about disease severity during arbovirus coinfections is still scarce and there are several issues emphasizing the importance of adequate management of patients at risk areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luciana Santos Barbosa
- Viral Immunology Laboratory, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; UFRJ- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Laboratory of Genetics, IPPMG - Martagão Gesteira Child Care and Pediatrics Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Márcia Dal Fabbro
- Medical Clinic Department, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo,Grande, MS, Brazil
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Abstract
In May 2012, the first authenticated cases of active chikungunya virus infection were detected in Champasak Province, Southern Laos. Analysis of series of human samples and mosquito specimens collected during the outbreak and over the year that followed the emergence enabled the drawing up of a map of the progression of CHIKV and the establishment of a full genetic characterization of the virus.
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Wu C, Guo X, Zhao J, Lv Q, Li H, McNeil EB, Chongsuvivatwong V, Zhou H. Behaviors Related to Mosquito-Borne Diseases among Different Ethnic Minority Groups along the China-Laos Border Areas. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E1227. [PMID: 29036937 PMCID: PMC5664728 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: In China, mosquito-borne diseases are most common in the sub-tropical area of Yunnan province. The objective of this study was to examine behaviors related to mosquito-borne diseases in different ethnic minority groups and different socioeconomic groups of people living in this region. Methods: A stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique with probability proportional to size was used in Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Prefecture, Yunnan. Twelve villages were used to recruit adult (≥18 years old) and eight schools were used for children (<18 years old). A questionnaire on behaviors and environment variables related to mosquito-borne diseases was devised. Results: Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) grouped 20 behaviors into three domains, namely, environmental condition, bed net use behaviors, and repellent use behaviors, respectively. The Han ethnicity had the lowest odds of rearing pigs, their odds being significantly lower than those of Yi and Yao. For bed net use, Dai and other ethnic minority groups were less likely to use bed nets compared to Yi and Yao. The odds of repellent use in the Han ethnicity was lower than in Yi, but higher than in Dai. The Dai group was the most likely ethnicity to use repellents. Farmers were at a higher risk for pig rearing and not using repellents. Education of less than primary school held the lowest odds of pig rearing. Those with low income were at a higher risk for not using bed nets and repellent except in pig rearing. Those with a small family size were at a lower risk for pig rearing. Conclusion: Different ethnic and socioeconomic groups in the study areas require different specific emphases for the prevention of mosquito-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer 665000, China.
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer 665000, China.
| | - Jun Zhao
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
- Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
| | - Quan Lv
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer 665000, China.
| | - Hongbin Li
- Xishuangbanna Prefecture Center of Disease prevention and Control, Jinghong 666100, China.
| | - Edward B McNeil
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand.
| | - Hongning Zhou
- Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer 665000, China.
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Grossi-Soyster EN, Cook EAJ, de Glanville WA, Thomas LF, Krystosik AR, Lee J, Wamae CN, Kariuki S, Fèvre EM, LaBeaud AD. Serological and spatial analysis of alphavirus and flavivirus prevalence and risk factors in a rural community in western Kenya. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005998. [PMID: 29040262 PMCID: PMC5659799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alphaviruses, such as chikungunya virus, and flaviviruses, such as dengue virus, are (re)-emerging arboviruses that are endemic in tropical environments. In Africa, arbovirus infections are often undiagnosed and unreported, with febrile illnesses often assumed to be malaria. This cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the seroprevalence of alphaviruses and flaviviruses among children (ages 5-14, n = 250) and adults (ages 15 ≥ 75, n = 250) in western Kenya. Risk factors for seropositivity were explored using Lasso regression. Overall, 67% of participants showed alphavirus seropositivity (CI95 63%-70%), and 1.6% of participants showed flavivirus seropositivity (CI95 0.7%-3%). Children aged 10-14 were more likely to be seropositive to an alphavirus than adults (p < 0.001), suggesting a recent transmission period. Alphavirus and flavivirus seropositivity was detected in the youngest participants (age 5-9), providing evidence of inter-epidemic transmission. Demographic variables that were significantly different amongst those with previous infection versus those without infection included age, education level, and occupation. Behavioral and environmental variables significantly different amongst those in with previous infection to those without infection included taking animals for grazing, fishing, and recent village flooding. Experience of recent fever was also found to be a significant indicator of infection (p = 0.027). These results confirm alphavirus and flavivirus exposure in western Kenya, while illustrating significantly higher alphavirus transmission compared to previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysse N. Grossi-Soyster
- Departments of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. J. Cook
- Zoonotic and Emerging Diseases Group, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - William A. de Glanville
- Zoonotic and Emerging Diseases Group, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lian F. Thomas
- Zoonotic and Emerging Diseases Group, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Amy R. Krystosik
- Departments of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Justin Lee
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - C. Njeri Wamae
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
| | - Samuel Kariuki
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Eric M. Fèvre
- Zoonotic and Emerging Diseases Group, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, United Kingdom
| | - A. Desiree LaBeaud
- Departments of Pediatrics, Infectious Disease Division, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Wahid B, Ali A, Rafique S, Idrees M. Global expansion of chikungunya virus: mapping the 64-year history. Int J Infect Dis 2017; 58:69-76. [PMID: 28288924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus that is emerging as a global threat because of the highly debilitating nature of the associated disease and unprecedented magnitude of its spread. Chikungunya originated in Africa and has since spread across the entire globe causing large numbers of epidemics that have infected millions of people in Asia, the Indian subcontinent, Europe, the Americas, and Pacific Islands. Phylogenetic analysis has identified four different genotypes of CHIKV: Asian, West African, East/Central/South African (ECSA), and Indian Ocean Lineage (IOL). In the absence of well-designed epidemiological studies, the aim of this review article was to summarize the global epidemiology of CHIKV and to provide baseline data for future research on the treatment, prevention, and control of this life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braira Wahid
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Amjad Ali
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Shazia Rafique
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Centre for Applied Molecular Biology, 87 West Canal Bank Road, Thokar Niaz Baig, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Vice Chancellor Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan.
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