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Therrien F, Ward C, Chokka P, Habert J, Ismail Z, McIntyre RS, MacKenzie EM. Adjunctive Brexpiprazole for Patient Life Engagement in Major Depressive Disorder: A Canadian, Phase 4, Open-Label, Interventional Study: Brexpiprazole d'appoint pour l'engagement dans la vie des patients souffrant de trouble dépressif majeur: une étude interventionnelle canadienne ouverte de phase 4. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2024; 69:513-523. [PMID: 38425284 PMCID: PMC11168343 DOI: 10.1177/07067437241233965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterize the effects of adjunctive brexpiprazole on patient life engagement and depressive symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) using patient-reported outcomes. METHODS An 8-week, Phase 4, open-label, interventional study was conducted at 15 Canadian trial sites between April 2021 and May 2022. Adult outpatients with MDD (at least moderately severe) and inadequate response to 1-2 antidepressants continued their current antidepressant and received oral adjunctive brexpiprazole 0.5-2 mg/day. Co-primary endpoints were change from baseline to Week 8 in Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (IDS-SR) 10-item Life Engagement subscale score, and IDS-SR 30-item total score. Safety was assessed by standard variables. RESULTS Of 122 enrolled patients, 120 (98.4%) were treated (mean [SD] dose: 1.2 [0.4] mg/day) and analyzed, and 111 (91.0%) completed the study. Statistically significant least squares mean improvements to Week 8 were observed on IDS-SR10 Life Engagement subscale score (baseline mean [SD]: 16.1 [4.7]; change [95% confidence interval]: -8.11 [-9.34, -6.88]; p < 0.001) and IDS-SR total score (baseline mean [SD]: 41.3 [9.8]; change [95% confidence interval]: -17.38 [-20.08, -14.68]; p < 0.001). Improvements were observed from Week 2, onwards. Treatment-emergent adverse events with incidence ≥5% were fatigue (n = 13, 10.8%), headache (n = 13, 10.8%), insomnia (n = 12, 10.0%), nausea (n = 9, 7.5%), tremor (n = 8, 6.7%), and weight increase (n = 7, 5.8%). Six patients (5.0%) discontinued due to adverse events. Mean (SD) change in body weight from baseline to last visit was +1.9 (3.4) kg. CONCLUSIONS Using an exploratory patient-reported outcome measure, patients with MDD and inadequate response to antidepressants who received open-label adjunctive brexpiprazole showed early and clinically meaningful improvement in patient life engagement, which should be further assessed in a prospective randomized controlled trial. Patient-rated depressive symptoms (on the validated 30-item IDS-SR) also improved. Adjunctive brexpiprazole was well tolerated, and no new safety signals were observed. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04830215.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Ward
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization Inc., Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Pratap Chokka
- Chokka Center for Integrative Health, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Habert
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Departments of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, and Community Health Sciences; Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O’Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jiang Y, Zhou L, Shen Y, Zhou Q, Ji Y, Zhu H. Safety assessment of Brexpiprazole: Real-world adverse event analysis from the FAERS database. J Affect Disord 2024; 346:223-229. [PMID: 37956832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to analysis adverse drug events (ADE) related to Brexpiprazole from the third quarter of 2015 to the first quarter of 2023 from FAERS database. METHODS The ADE data related to Brexpiprazole from 2015 Q3 to 2023 Q1 were collected. After standardizing the data, a variety of signal quantification techniques, including ROR, PRR, BCPNN, and MGPS were used for analysis. RESULTS Among the 8559 ADE reports with Brexpiprazole as the primary suspected drug, 178 preferred terms (PT) of adverse reactions spanning 27 different system organ classes (SOC) were identified. Specifically, Metabolism and nutrition disorders and Reproductive system and breast disorders were unique adverse reactions to Brexpiprazole, with the latter not mentioned in the official drug label. Moreover, uncommon but significantly strong ADE signals, such as Egocentrism, Pharmacophobia, and Compulsions were observed. Notably, Tardive dyskinesia (n = 317, ROR 103.87, PRR 102.21, IC 6.21, EBGM 96.17) and Extrapyramidal disorder (n = 104, ROR 31.17, PRR 31.00, IC 4.57, EBGM 30.44) exhibited relatively high occurrence rates and signal strengths. Additionally, Lactation disorder (n = 6, ROR 48.09, PRR 48.07, IC 2.63, EBGM 46.71) and Breast discharge (n = 10, ROR 23.18, PRR 23.17, IC 2.94, EBGM 22.86) were observed, both presenting strong ADE signals. CONCLUSION Brexpiprazole poses risks of various adverse reactions while providing therapeutic effects. In clinical applications, practitioners should closely monitor occurrences of Psychiatric disorders, Metabolism and nutrition disorders, Reproductive system and breast disorders, and other events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingyun Zhou
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Yuan Shen
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingying Ji
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haohao Zhu
- Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Vita A, Barlati S, Deste G, Nibbio G, Penn DL, Pinkham AE, McIntyre RS, Harvey PD. Life engagement in people living with schizophrenia: predictors and correlates of patient life engagement in a large sample of people living in the community. Psychol Med 2023; 53:7943-7952. [PMID: 37522514 PMCID: PMC10755242 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Life engagement represents a holistic concept that encompasses outcomes reflecting life-fulfilment, well-being and participation in valued and meaningful activities, which is recently gaining attention and scientific interest. Despite its conceptual importance and its relevance, life engagement represents a largely unexplored domain in schizophrenia. The aims of the present study were to independently assess correlates and predictors of patient life engagement in a large and well-characterized sample of schizophrenia patients. METHODS To assess the impact of different demographic, clinical, cognitive and functional parameters on life engagement in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia, data from the social cognition psychometric evaluation project were analyzed. RESULTS Overall schizophrenia and depressive symptom severity, premorbid IQ, neurocognitive performance, social cognition performance both in the emotion processing and theory of mind domains, functional capacity, social skills performance and real-world functioning in different areas all emerged as correlates of patient life engagement. Greater symptom severity and greater impairment in real-world interpersonal relationships, social skills, functional capacity and work outcomes emerged as individual predictors of greater limitations in life engagement. CONCLUSIONS Life engagement in people living with schizophrenia represents a holistic and complex construct, with several different clinical, cognitive and functional correlates. These features represent potential treatment targets to improve the clinical condition and also facilitate the process of recovery and the overall well-being of people living with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Barlati
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Deste
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gabriele Nibbio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - David L. Penn
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy E. Pinkham
- Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Roger S. McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Brain and Discovery Foundation (BCDF), Toronto, Canada
| | - Philip D. Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Research Service, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
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McIntyre RS, Therrien F, Ismail Z, Meehan SR, Miguelez M, Larsen KG, Chen D, MacKenzie EM, Thase ME. Effects of adjunctive brexpiprazole on patient life engagement in major depressive disorder: Post hoc analysis of Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report data. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 162:71-78. [PMID: 37099968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-reported outcomes can capture domains that are meaningful to patients, such as life engagement in major depressive disorder (MDD), which reflects life fulfillment, well-being, and participation in valued and meaningful activities. This analysis investigated the effects of brexpiprazole adjunct to antidepressant treatment (ADT) on patient life engagement over the short and long term, using the 10-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (IDS-SR10) Life Engagement subscale. METHODS Short-term data were pooled from three 6-week, randomized, double-blind studies of ADT + brexpiprazole 2-3 mg/day versus ADT + placebo in adult outpatients with MDD (DSM-IV-TR criteria) and inadequate response to ADTs. Long-term data were from a 26-52-week, open-label extension study of ADT + brexpiprazole 0.5-3 mg/day. RESULTS Over 6 weeks, ADT + brexpiprazole (n = 579) showed greater improvement in IDS-SR10 Life Engagement subscale score than ADT + placebo (n = 583), with a least squares mean difference of -1.19 (95% confidence limits: -1.78, -0.59; p = 0.0001; Cohen's d effect size: 0.23). Greater improvement for ADT + brexpiprazole versus ADT + placebo (p < 0.05) was also observed on eight life engagement items, with effect sizes ranging from 0.12 to 0.24. In the long-term study, mean (standard deviation) IDS-SR10 Life Engagement subscale score changed by -2.4 (4.9) points to Week 26 (n = 2047), and -3.7 (5.3) points to Week 52 (n = 768), with mean improvements on all ten items. CONCLUSIONS Beyond its efficacy on depressive symptoms, adjunctive brexpiprazole may improve patient life engagement, thereby helping patients with MDD to achieve personally meaningful functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Departments of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, and Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Maia Miguelez
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Dalei Chen
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Michael E Thase
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Thase ME, Ismail Z, Meehan SR, Weiss C, Regnier SA, Larsen KG, McIntyre RS. Assessment of patient life engagement in major depressive disorder using items from the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (IDS-SR). J Psychiatr Res 2023; 161:132-139. [PMID: 36921501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-reported outcomes can measure domains that are personally meaningful, such as life engagement, which reflects motivation, pleasure, and well-being. This study explored whether certain items from the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (IDS-SR) can capture patient life engagement in major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS IDS-SR life engagement items were identified by a) a panel of expert psychiatrists (n = 4), b) patient interviews (n = 20), and c) a principal component analysis (PCA) to explore clustering of items. Psychometric analyses were performed on potential subscales, and a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was estimated by anchor- and distribution-based methods. IDS-SR data were obtained from three randomized controlled trials of adjunctive brexpiprazole in MDD. RESULTS Expert psychiatrists selected 10 items by consensus from the IDS-SR that might capture patient life engagement (Cronbach's alpha, 0.82; item-total correlations, 0.36-0.58). Patient interviews identified 13 items as moderately to very relevant to life engagement (Cronbach's alpha, 0.85; item-total correlations, 0.35-0.61). The PCA revealed a cluster that included all 10 items selected by psychiatrists and 11 items identified by patients. Expert psychiatrists intentionally distinguished life engagement and core depressive symptoms, although patient insights and the PCA indicated that these aspects of MDD are strongly linked. The 10-item IDS-SR life engagement subscale had an MCID of 3-5 points. CONCLUSIONS Different approaches consistently identified a subset of 10 IDS-SR items that can measure life engagement in MDD, which may be suitable to group into an IDS-SR life engagement subscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Thase
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Zahinoor Ismail
- Departments of Psychiatry, Clinical Neurosciences, and Community Health Sciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Catherine Weiss
- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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McIntyre RS, Ismail Z, Watling CP, Weiss C, Meehan SR, Musingarimi P, Thase ME. Patient-reported outcome measures for life engagement in mental health: a systematic review. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2022; 6:62. [PMID: 35689159 PMCID: PMC9187792 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-022-00468-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Life engagement in the context of mental health is a broad term that describes positive health aspects relating to cognition, vitality, motivation and reward, and the ability to feel pleasure—concepts that are meaningful to patients. The aim of this systematic literature review was to identify validated patient-reported outcomes (PROs) that can assess any aspect of life engagement in adults, in the field of general mental health. Methods This was a systematic literature review of articles in English from the MEDLINE database (date of search: September 9, 2020). The search strategy had three components: (1) terms to capture PROs; (2) terms to capture mental health; and (3) terms to capture aspects of life engagement. Articles were eligible if they included a PRO that: (1) is named; (2) can be used across mental health disorders; (3) is used to assess any aspect of life engagement; and (4) has undergone psychometric validation and/or qualitative content validation. A list of PROs was extracted. Results A total of 1585 records were screened and 233 articles were eligible for inclusion. Within these 233 articles, 49 distinct PROs were identified, two of which specifically captured their authors’ interpretation of life engagement: the Engaged Living Scale (ELS) and the Life Engagement Test (LET). However, while the ELS and LET covered motivation and reward, life fulfillment, and value-based living, neither scale captured the cognitive or vitality aspects of life engagement. The remaining identified PROs generally captured single aspects of life engagement, most commonly motivation/reward/energy–apathy, pleasure–anhedonia, and mental/psychological well-being. Conclusion Numerous PROs are available that may capture aspects of life engagement. However, a need remains for a new PRO that can be used in clinical trials to provide a more comprehensive description of the improvements in life engagement that patients with mental health disorders may experience with successful treatment.
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Therrien F, Meehan SR, Weiss C, Dine J, Brown TM, MacKenzie EM. Exploring life engagement from the perspective of patients with major depressive disorder: a study using patient interviews. J Patient Rep Outcomes 2022; 6:111. [PMID: 36224450 PMCID: PMC9556148 DOI: 10.1186/s41687-022-00517-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patient-reported outcomes can measure health aspects that are meaningful to patients, such as ‘life engagement’ in major depressive disorder (MDD). Expert psychiatrists recently identified ten items from the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (IDS-SR) that can be used to measure patient life engagement. This study aimed to explore the concept of patient life engagement and provide support for the IDS-SR10 Life Engagement subscale from the patient perspective.
Methods Semi-structured video interviews were conducted with adults with MDD in the United States. Patients were asked if they ever felt engaged with life, and how this affected their feelings, activities, socializing, and thoughts. Then, patients discussed the ten expert-selected IDS-SR items, and rated the relevance of all 30 items to patient life engagement on a 4-point scale. Results Patients (N = 20) understood the ‘engaged with life’ concept and could provide examples from their own lives, such as increased energy/motivation (100%), being more social/spending time with others (85%), being more communicative (80%), and having better mood (75%). Nineteen patients (95%) indicated that all ten IDS-SR10 Life Engagement items were relevant to patient life engagement, and nine of the ten items had a mean score ≥ 3 (moderately relevant). Four additional items (all relating to mood) also scored ≥ 3. Conclusions Patients found the concept of life engagement to be important and relatable, and confirmed the IDS-SR10 captures the defining non-mood-related aspects of patient life engagement. This research supports the relevance of patient life engagement as a potential clinical outcome beyond core mood symptoms, and the use of the IDS-SR10 Life Engagement subscale in patient-oriented research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41687-022-00517-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Therrien
- CNS Medical Affairs, Otsuka Canada Pharmaceutical Inc., 2250 Bd Alfred Nobel, Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 2C9 Canada
| | - Stine R. Meehan
- grid.424580.f0000 0004 0476 7612H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | - Catherine Weiss
- grid.419943.20000 0004 0459 5953Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization Inc., Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Jennifer Dine
- grid.62562.350000000100301493RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - T. Michelle Brown
- grid.62562.350000000100301493RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
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