1
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Kazeminia S, Zhu XY, Tang H, Jordan KL, Saadiq IM, Herrmann SM, Chade AR, Irazabal MV, Lerman LO, Eirin A. Renal ischemia alters the transcriptomic and epigenetic profile of inflammatory genes in swine scattered tubular-like cells. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1265-1283. [PMID: 37606084 PMCID: PMC10644845 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scattered tubular-like cells (STCs) are differentiated renal tubular cells that during recovery from ischemic injury dedifferentiate to repair other injured renal cells. Renal artery stenosis (RAS), often associated with chronic inflammatory injury, compromises the integrity and function of STCs, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that RAS alters the transcriptomic and epigenetic profile of inflammatory genes in swine STCs. METHODS STCs were harvested from pig kidneys after 10 weeks of RAS or sham (n=6 each). STC mRNA profiles of inflammatory genes were analyzed using high-throughput mRNA-sequencing (seq) and their DNA methylation (5mC) and hydroxymethylation (5hmC) profiles by DNA immunoprecipitation and next-generation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) (n=3 each), followed by an integrated (mRNA-seq/MeDIP-seq) analysis. STC protein expression of candidate differentially expressed (DE) genes and common proinflammatory proteins were subsequently assessed in vitro before and after epigenetic (Bobcat339) modulation. RESULTS mRNA-seq identified 57 inflammatory genes up-regulated in RAS-STCs versus Normal-STCs (>1.4 or <0.7-fold, P<0.05), of which 14% exhibited lower 5mC and 5% higher 5hmC levels in RAS-STCs versus Normal-STCs, respectively. Inflammatory gene and protein expression was higher in RAS-STCs compared with Normal-STCs but normalized after epigenetic modulation. CONCLUSIONS These observations highlight a novel modulatory mechanism of this renal endogenous repair system and support development of epigenetic or anti-inflammatory therapies to preserve the reparative capacity of STCs in individuals with RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kazeminia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kyra L. Jordan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ishran M. Saadiq
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sandra M. Herrmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Alejandro R. Chade
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia
| | - Maria V. Irazabal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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2
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Glasstetter LM, Oderinde TS, Mirchandani M, Rajagopalan KS, Barsom SH, Thaler R, Siddiqi S, Zhu XY, Tang H, Jordan KL, Saadiq IM, van Wijnen AJ, Eirin A, Lerman LO. Obesity and dyslipidemia are associated with partially reversible modifications to DNA hydroxymethylation of apoptosis- and senescence-related genes in swine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:143. [PMID: 37231414 PMCID: PMC10214739 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity dysregulates key biological processes underlying the functional homeostasis, fate decisions, and reparative potential of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs). Mechanisms directing obesity-induced phenotypic alterations in MSCs remain unclear, but emerging drivers include dynamic modification of epigenetic marks, like 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). We hypothesized that obesity and cardiovascular risk factors induce functionally relevant, locus-specific changes in 5hmC of swine adipose-derived MSCs and evaluated their reversibility using an epigenetic modulator, vitamin-C. METHODS Female domestic pigs were fed a 16-week Lean or Obese diet (n = 6 each). MSCs were harvested from subcutaneous adipose tissue, and 5hmC profiles were examined through hydroxymethylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (hMeDIP-seq) followed by an integrative (hMeDIP and mRNA sequencing) gene set enrichment analysis. For clinical context, we compared 5hmC profiles of adipose tissue-derived human MSCs harvested from patients with obesity and healthy controls. RESULTS hMeDIP-seq revealed 467 hyper- (fold change ≥ 1.4; p-value ≤ 0.05) and 591 hypo- (fold change ≤ 0.7; p-value ≤ 0.05) hydroxymethylated loci in swine Obese- versus Lean-MSCs. Integrative hMeDIP-seq/mRNA-seq analysis identified overlapping dysregulated gene sets and discrete differentially hydroxymethylated loci with functions related to apoptosis, cell proliferation, and senescence. These 5hmC changes were associated with increased senescence in cultured MSCs (p16/CDKN2A immunoreactivity, senescence-associated β-galactosidase [SA-β-Gal] staining), were partly reversed in swine Obese-MSCs treated with vitamin-C, and shared common pathways with 5hmC changes in human Obese-MSCs. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and dyslipidemia are associated with dysregulated DNA hydroxymethylation of apoptosis- and senescence-related genes in swine and human MSCs, potentially affecting cell vitality and regenerative functions. Vitamin-C may mediate reprogramming of this altered epigenomic landscape, providing a potential strategy to improve the success of autologous MSC transplantation in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan M Glasstetter
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Tomiwa S Oderinde
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mohit Mirchandani
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Samer H Barsom
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sarosh Siddiqi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kyra L Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ishran M Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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3
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Hong S, Zhu XY, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Tang H, Jordan KL, Saadiq IM, Huang W, Lerman A, Eirin A, Lerman LO. Autologous Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Cardiac Injury in Experimental Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease More Effectively Than Their Parent Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:700-712. [PMID: 36344721 PMCID: PMC10073252 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10473-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic renovascular disease (RVD) leads to hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and heart disease. Intrarenal delivery of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) attenuate renal injury and suppress release of inflammatory cytokines in porcine RVD. We hypothesized that this strategy would also be useful for cardioprotection. Pigs with renovascular hypertension and metabolic syndrome were studied 4 weeks after treatment with a single intrarenal infusion of autologous MSCs, EVs, or vehicle. Cardiac structure and function were assessed in vivo, and myocardial remodeling and expression of the pro-fibrotic factor growth factor receptor-bound protein-2 (Grb2) were measured ex-vivo. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured in the systemic circulation and myocardial tissue. Blood pressure was elevated in all RVD groups, but serum creatinine increased in RVD and decreased in both RVD + MSCs and RVD + EVs. RVD-induced diastolic dysfunction (lower E/A ratio) was normalized in both MSCs- and EVs- treated pigs. Intrarenal delivery of MSCs and EVs also attenuated RVD-induced myocardial fibrosis, collagen deposition, and Grb2 expression, yet EVs restored capillary density and inflammation more effectively than MSCs. These observations suggest that autologous EVs attenuate cardiac injury in experimental RVD more effectively than their parent MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Hong
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Yamei Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Kyra L Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ishran M Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Weijun Huang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Wang HS, Yi MY, Wu X, Liu Q, Deng YH, Wu T, Wang L, Kang YX, Luo XQ, Yan P, Wang M, Duan SB. Effects of mesenchymal stem cells in renovascular disease of preclinical and clinical studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18080. [PMID: 36302933 PMCID: PMC9613984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23059-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal artery stenosis (RAS) causes severe renovascular hypertension, worsening kidney function, and increased cardiovascular morbidity. According to recent studies, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) administration is a promising therapy for the improvement of RAS outcomes. The meta-analysis aims to evaluate the therapeutic effects of MSC therapy on RAS. We performed a search in MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to 5, October 2022. We included 16 preclinical and 3 clinical studies in this meta-analysis. In preclinical studies, the pooled results indicated that animals treated with MSCs had lower levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) (SMD = - 1.019, 95% CI - 1.434 to - 0.604, I2 = 37.2%, P = 0.000), serum creatinine (Scr) (SMD = - 1.112, 95% CI - 1.932 to - 0.293, I2 = 72.0%, P = 0.008), and plasma renin activity (PRA) (SMD = - 0.477, 95% CI - 0.913 to 0.042, I2 = 43.4%, P = 0.032). The studies also revealed increased levels of renal blood flow (RBF) in stenotic kidney (STK) (SMD = 0.774, 95% CI - 0.351 to 1.197, I2 = 0%, P = 0.000) and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of STK (SMD = 1.825, 95% CI 0.963 to 2.688, I2 = 72.6%, P = 0.000). In clinical studies, the cortical perfusion and fractional hypoxia of the contralateral kidney (CLK) were alleviated by MSC therapy. Taken together, this meta-analysis revealed that MSCs therapy might be a promising treatment for RAS. However, due to the discrepancy between preclinical studies and early clinical trials outcomes, MSC therapy couldn't be recommended in clinical care for the moment, more high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials are needed to validate our conclusions and standardize MSCs protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Shen Wang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Ming-Yu Yi
- grid.431010.7Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xi Wu
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Qian Liu
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Ying-Hao Deng
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Ting Wu
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Lin Wang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Yi-Xin Kang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Xiao-Qin Luo
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Ping Yan
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Mei Wang
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
| | - Shao-Bin Duan
- grid.452708.c0000 0004 1803 0208Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011 Hunan China
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5
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Jiang Y, Hong S, Zhu X, Zhang L, Tang H, Jordan KL, Saadiq IM, Huang W, Lerman A, Eirin A, Lerman LO. IL-10 partly mediates the ability of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles to attenuate myocardial damage in experimental metabolic renovascular hypertension. Front Immunol 2022; 13:940093. [PMID: 36203611 PMCID: PMC9530748 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.940093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtain properties of immunomodulation and tissue repair from their parental mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and upon delivery may be associated with fewer adverse events. EVs derived from adipose-tissue MSCs restored kidney function by attenuating kidney inflammation in a swine model of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and renal artery stenosis via anti-inflammatory pathways. EVs also ameliorated myocardial injury in renovascular hypertension (RVH) secondary to inflammation in cardiorenal disease, but the mechanisms regulating this effect are unknown. We hypothesize that the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 mediates the reparative effects of EVs on cardiovascular complications in a preclinical swine model with coexisting MetS and RVH. Twenty-three pigs established as Lean controls or RVH models were observed for 16 weeks. At 12 weeks RVH subgroups received an intrarenal delivery of 1011 either wildtype (WT) EVs or EVs after IL-10 knockdown (KD) (RVH+WT-EVs or RVH+IL-10-KD-EVs, respectively). Cardiac and renal function were studied in-vivo and myocardial tissue injury in-vitro 4 weeks later. RVH pigs showed myocardial inflammation, fibrosis, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. WT-EVs attenuated these impairments, increased capillary density, and decreased myocardial inflammation in-vivo. In-vitro, co-incubation with IL-10-containing WT-EVs decreased activated T-cells proliferation and endothelial cells inflammation and promoted their migration. Contrarily, these cardioprotective effects were largely blunted using IL-10-KD-EVs. Thus, the anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects of EVs in RVH may be partly attributed to their cargo of anti-inflammatory IL-10. Early intervention of IL-10-containing EVs may be helpful to prevent cardiovascular complications of MetS concurrent with RVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Siting Hong
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Xiangyang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Kyra L. Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ishran M. Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Weijun Huang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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6
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Chen G, Chang Y, Xiong Y, Hao J, Liu L, Liu Z, Li H, Qiang P, Han Y, Xian Y, Shimosawa T, Wang X, Yang F, Xu Q. Eplerenone inhibits UUO-induced lymphangiogenesis and cardiac fibrosis by attenuating inflammatory injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108759. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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7
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Li H, Xia YY, Xia CL, Li Z, Shi Y, Li XB, Zhang JX. Mimicking Metabolic Disturbance in Establishing Animal Models of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Front Physiol 2022; 13:879214. [PMID: 35592030 PMCID: PMC9110887 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.879214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF), the terminal state of different heart diseases, imposed a significant health care burden worldwide. It is the last battlefield in dealing with cardiovascular diseases. HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a type of HF in which the symptoms and signs of HF are mainly ascribed to diastolic dysfunction of left ventricle, whereas systolic function is normal or near-normal. Compared to HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the diagnosis and treatment of HFpEF have made limited progress, partly due to the lack of suitable animal models for translational studies in the past. Given metabolic disturbance and inflammatory burden contribute to HFpEF pathogenesis, recent years have witnessed emerging studies focusing on construction of animal models with HFpEF phenotype by mimicking metabolic disorders. These models prefer to recapitulate the metabolic disorders and endothelial dysfunction, leading to the more detailed understanding of the entity. In this review, we summarize the currently available animal models of HFpEF with metabolic disorders, as well as their advantages and disadvantages as tools for translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Lei Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Bo Li, ; Jun-Xia Zhang,
| | - Jun-Xia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Bo Li, ; Jun-Xia Zhang,
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8
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Cluzel GL, Ryan PM, Herisson FM, Caplice NM. High-fidelity porcine models of metabolic syndrome: a contemporary synthesis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E366-E381. [PMID: 35224983 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00413.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to describe and compare porcine models of metabolic syndrome. This syndrome and its associated secondary comorbidities are set to become the greatest challenge to healthcare providers and policy makers in the coming century. However, an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis has left significant knowledge gaps in terms of efficacious therapeutics. To further our comprehension and, in turn, management of metabolic syndrome, appropriate high-fidelity models of the disease complex are of great importance. In this context, our review aims to assess the most promising porcine models of metabolic syndrome currently available for their similarity to the human phenotype. In addition, we aim to highlight the strengths and shortcomings of each model in an attempt to identify the most appropriate application of each. Although no porcine model perfectly recapitulates the human metabolic syndrome, several pose satisfactory approximations. The Ossabaw miniature swine in particular represents a highly translatable model that develops each of the core parameters of the syndrome with many of the associated secondary comorbidities. Future high-fidelity porcine models of metabolic syndrome need to focus on secondary sequelae replication, which may require extended induction period to reveal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaston L Cluzel
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul M Ryan
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Florence M Herisson
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Noel M Caplice
- Centre for Research in Vascular Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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9
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Kim SR, Jiang K, Chen X, Puranik AS, Zhu XY, Lerman A, Tchkonia T, Kirkland JL, Lerman LO. Selective kidney targeting increases the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells for alleviation of murine stenotic-kidney senescence and damage. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:550-558. [PMID: 35319825 DOI: 10.1002/term.3299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic ischemia triggers senescence in renal tubules and at least partly mediates kidney dysfunction and damage through a p16Ink4a -related mechanism. We previously showed that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) delivered systemically do not effectively decrease cellular senescence in stenotic murine kidneys. We hypothesized that selective MSC targeting to injured kidneys using an anti-KIM1 antibody (KIM-MSC) coating would enhance their ability to abrogate cellular senescence in murine renal artery stenosis (RAS). KIM-MSC were injected into transgenic INK-ATTAC mice, which are amenable for selective eradication of p16Ink4a+ cells, 4 weeks after induction of unilateral RAS. To determine whether KIM-MSC abolish p16Ink4a -dependent cellular senescence, selective clearance of p16Ink4a+ cells was induced in a subgroup of RAS mice using AP20187 over 3 weeks prior to KIM-MSC injection. Two weeks after KIM-MSC aortic injection, renal senescence, function, and tissue damage were assessed. KIM-MSC delivery decreased gene expression of senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors, and improved micro-MRI-derived stenotic-kidney glomerular filtration rate and perfusion. Renal fibrosis and tubular injury also improved after KIM-MSC treatment. Yet, their efficacy was slightly augmented by prior elimination of p16Ink4a+ senescent cells. Therefore, selective targeting of MSC to the injured kidney markedly improves their senolytic potency in murine RAS, despite incomplete eradication of p16+ cells. KIM-MSC may constitute a useful therapeutic strategy in chronic renal ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Rin Kim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine and Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kai Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Amrutesh S Puranik
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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10
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Emergent players in renovascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:239-256. [PMID: 35129198 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Renovascular disease (RVD) remains a common etiology of secondary hypertension. Recent clinical trials revealed unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes of renal revascularization, leading to extensive investigation to unravel key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying irreversible functional loss and structural damage in the chronically ischemic kidney. Research studies identified complex interactions among various players, including inflammation, fibrosis, mitochondrial injury, cellular senescence, and microvascular remodeling. This interplay resulted in a shift of our understanding of RVD from a mere hemodynamic disorder to a pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathology strongly influenced by systemic diseases like metabolic syndrome (MetS), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Novel diagnostic approaches have been tested for early detection and follow-up of RVD progression, using new imaging techniques and biochemical markers of renal injury and dysfunction. Therapies targeting some of the pathological pathways governing the development of RVD have shown promising results in animal models, and a few have moved from bench to clinical research. This review summarizes evolving understanding in chronic ischemic kidney injury.
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Renal Revascularization Attenuates Myocardial Mitochondrial Damage and Improves Diastolic Function in Pigs with Metabolic Syndrome and Renovascular Hypertension. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2022; 15:15-26. [PMID: 34269985 PMCID: PMC8761225 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) may improve cardiac function in renovascular hypertension (RVH), but its effect on the biological mechanisms implicated in cardiac damage remains unknown. We hypothesized that restoration of kidney function by PTRA ameliorates myocardial mitochondrial damage and preserves cardiac function in pigs with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and RVH. Pigs were studied after 16 weeks of MetS+RVH, MetS+RVH treated 4 weeks earlier with PTRA, and Lean and MetS Sham controls (n=6 each). Cardiac function was assessed by multi-detector CT, whereas cardiac mitochondrial morphology and function, microvascular remodeling, and injury pathways were assessed ex vivo. PTRA attenuated myocardial mitochondrial damage, improved capillary and microvascular maturity, and ameliorated oxidative stress and fibrosis, in association with attenuation of left ventricular remodeling and diastolic dysfunction. Myocardial mitochondrial damage correlated with myocardial injury and renal dysfunction. Preservation of myocardial mitochondria with PTRA can enhance cardiac recovery, underscoring its therapeutic potential in experimental MetS+RVH.
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12
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Rieger AC, Tompkins BA, Natsumeda M, Florea V, Banerjee MN, Rodriguez J, Rosado M, Porras V, Valasaki K, Takeuchi LM, Collon K, Desai S, Bellio MA, Khan A, Kashikar ND, Landin AM, Hardin DV, Rodriguez DA, Balkan W, Hare JM, Schulman IH. OUP accepted manuscript. Stem Cells Transl Med 2022; 11:59-72. [PMID: 35641169 PMCID: PMC8895493 DOI: 10.1093/stcltm/szab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) are primary manifestations of the cardiorenal syndrome in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therapies that improve morbidity and mortality in HFpEF are lacking. Cell-based therapies promote cardiac repair in ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies. We hypothesized that cell-based therapy ameliorates CKD-induced HFpEF. Methods and Results Yorkshire pigs (n = 26) underwent 5/6 embolization-mediated nephrectomy. CKD was confirmed by increased creatinine and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was not different between groups from baseline to 4 weeks. HFpEF was evident at 4 weeks by increased LV mass, relative wall thickening, end-diastolic pressure, and end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship, with no change in ejection fraction (EF). Four weeks post-embolization, allogeneic (allo) bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC; 1 × 107 cells), allo-kidney-derived stem cells (KSC; 1 × 107 cells), allo-cell combination therapy (ACCT; MSC + KSC; 1:1 ratio; total = 1 × 107 cells), or placebo (Plasma-Lyte) was delivered via intra-renal artery. Eight weeks post-treatment, there was a significant increase in MAP in the placebo group (21.89 ± 6.05 mmHg) compared to the ACCT group. GFR significantly improved in the ACCT group. EF, relative wall thickness, and LV mass did not differ between groups at 12 weeks. EDPVR improved in the ACCT group, indicating decreased ventricular stiffness. Conclusions Intra-renal artery allogeneic cell therapy was safe in a CKD swine model manifesting the characteristics of HFpEF. The beneficial effect on renal function and ventricular compliance in the ACCT group supports further research of cell therapy for cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C Rieger
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Bryon A Tompkins
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Makoto Natsumeda
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Victoria Florea
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Monisha N Banerjee
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jose Rodriguez
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marcos Rosado
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Valeria Porras
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Krystalenia Valasaki
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lauro M Takeuchi
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kevin Collon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sohil Desai
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael A Bellio
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Aisha Khan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Ana Marie Landin
- Cell Therapy and Vaccine Lab, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Darrell V Hardin
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel A Rodriguez
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Wayne Balkan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ivonne Hernandez Schulman
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Corresponding author: Ivonne H. Schulman, MD, Program Director, Translational and Clinical Studies of Acute Kidney Injury, Division of Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases (KUH), National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), Two Democracy Plaza, Room #6077, 6707 Democracy Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892-5458, USA. Tel: 301-435-3350; Mobile: 301-385-5744; Fax: 301-480-3510, ,
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13
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Mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles in therapy against kidney diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:219. [PMID: 33789750 PMCID: PMC8011150 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney diseases pose a threat to human health due to their rising incidence and fatality rate. In preclinical and clinical studies, it has been acknowledged that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are effective and safe when used to treat kidney diseases. MSCs play their role mainly by secreting trophic factors and delivering extracellular vesicles (EVs). The genetic materials and proteins contained in the MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs), as an important means of cellular communication, have become a research focus for targeted therapy of kidney diseases. At present, MSC-EVs have shown evident therapeutic effects on acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetic nephropathy (DN), and atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD); however, their roles in the transplanted kidney remain controversial. This review summarises the mechanisms by which MSC-EVs treat these diseases in animal models and proposes certain problems, expecting to facilitate corresponding future clinical practice.
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14
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Nargesi AA, Farah MC, Zhu XY, Zhang L, Tang H, Jordan KL, Saadiq IM, Lerman A, Lerman LO, Eirin A. Renovascular Hypertension Induces Myocardial Mitochondrial Damage, Contributing to Cardiac Injury and Dysfunction in Pigs With Metabolic Syndrome. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:172-182. [PMID: 33277650 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renovascular hypertension (RVH) often manifest with metabolic syndrome (MetS) as well. Coexisting MetS and hypertension increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but the mechanisms underlying cardiac injury remain unknown. We hypothesized that superimposition of MetS induces myocardial mitochondrial damage, leading to cardiac injury and dysfunction in swine RVH. METHODS Pigs were studied after 16 weeks of diet-induced MetS with or without RVH (unilateral renal artery stenosis), and Lean controls (n = 6 each). Systolic and diastolic cardiac function were assessed by multidetector CT, and cardiac mitochondrial morphology (electron microscopy) and myocardial function in tissue and isolated mitochondria. RESULTS Body weight was similarly higher in MetS groups vs. Lean. RVH groups achieved significant stenosis and developed hypertension. Mitochondrial matrix density and adenosine triphosphate production were lower and H2O2 production higher in RVH groups vs. Lean and MetS. Lean + RVH (but not MetS + RVH) activated mitophagy, which was associated with decreased myocardial expression of mitophagy-related microRNAs. MetS groups exhibited higher numbers of intermitochondrial junctions, which could have prevented membrane depolarization/activation of mitophagy in MetS + RVH. Cardiac fibrosis, hypertrophy (increased left ventricular muscle mass), and diastolic function (decreased E/A ratio) were greater in MetS + RVH vs. Lean + RVH. CONCLUSIONS MetS+RVH induces myocardial mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. MetS + RVH failed to activate mitophagy, resulting in greater cardiac remodeling, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction. Mitochondrial injury and impaired mitophagy may constitute important mechanisms and therapeutic targets to ameliorate cardiac damage and dysfunction in patients with coexisting MetS and RVH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed C Farah
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kyra L Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ishran M Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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15
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Yu S, Jiang K, Zhu XY, Ferguson CM, Krier JD, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Endovascular reversal of renovascular hypertension blunts cardiac dysfunction and deformation in swine. J Hypertens 2021; 39:556-562. [PMID: 33399301 PMCID: PMC8400925 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Renovascular hypertension (RVH) induces hemodynamic and humoral aberrations that may impair cardiac function, structure and mechanics, including cardiac twist and deformation. Revascularization of a stenotic renal artery can decrease blood pressure (BP), but its ability to restore cardiac mechanics in RVH remains unclear. We hypothesized that percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) would improve cardiac function and left ventricular (LV) deformation in swine RVH. METHODS Seventeen domestic pigs were studied for 16 weeks: RVH, RVH + PTRA and normal controls (n = 5-6 each). Global LV function was estimated by multidetector computed-tomography, and LV deformation by electrocardiographically triggered MRI tagging at the apical, mid, and basal LV levels. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, myocardial capillary density, and fibrosis were evaluated ex vivo. RESULTS BP and wall thickness were elevated in RVH and decreased by PTRA, yet remained higher than in controls. LV myocardial muscle mass increased in RVH pigs, which also developed diastolic dysfunction, whereas cardiac output increased. Furthermore, both apical rotation and peak torsion angle increased in RVH compared with controls. Ex vivo, RVH induced myocardial fibrosis and vascular rarefaction. PTRA restored cardiac function and alleviated hypertrophy, vascular rarefaction, and fibrosis. PTRA also normalized apical rotation and peak torsion angle, and elevated basal peak radial strain and apical peak radial strain compared with RVH. CONCLUSION In addition to cardiac LV adaptive hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, short-term RVH causes cardiac deformation. Despite only partial improvement in BP, PTRA effectively restored cardiac function and reversed abnormal mechanics. Hence, renal revascularization may be a useful strategy to preserve cardiac function in RVH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Yu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Cardiology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiang Y. Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - James D. Krier
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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16
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Lohmann S, Eijken M, Møldrup U, Møller BK, Hunter J, Moers C, Leuvenink H, Ploeg RJ, Clahsen-van Groningen MC, Hoogduijn M, Baan CC, Keller AK, Jespersen B. Ex Vivo Administration of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Kidney Grafts Against Ischemia-reperfusion Injury-Effective Delivery Without Kidney Function Improvement Posttransplant. Transplantation 2021; 105:517-528. [PMID: 32956281 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy may improve renal function after ischemia-reperfusion injury in transplantation. Ex vivo renal intraarterial administration is a targeted delivery method, avoiding the lung vasculature, a known barrier for cellular therapies. In a randomized and blinded study, we tested the feasibility and effectiveness of MSC therapy in a donation after circulatory death autotransplantation model to improve posttransplant kidney function, using an ex vivo MSC delivery method similar to the clinical standard procedure of pretransplant cold graft flush. METHODS Kidneys exposed to 75 minutes of warm ischemia and 16 hours of static cold storage were intraarterially infused ex vivo with 10 million male porcine MSCs (Tx-MSC, n = 8) or vehicle (Tx-control, n = 8). Afterwards, the kidneys were autotransplanted after contralateral nephrectomy. Biopsies an hour after reperfusion confirmed the presence of MSCs in the renal cortex. Animals were observed for 14 days. RESULTS Postoperatively, peak plasma creatinine was 1230 and 1274 µmol/L (Tx-controls versus Tx-MSC, P = 0.69). During follow-up, no significant differences over time were detected between groups regarding plasma creatinine, plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, or urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/creatinine ratio. At day 14, measured glomerular filtration rates were 40 and 44 mL/min, P = 0.66. Renal collagen content and fibrosis-related mRNA expression were increased in both groups but without significant differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated intraarterial MSC infusion to transplant kidneys as a safe and effective method to deliver MSCs to the graft. However, we could not detect any positive effects of this cell treatment within 14 days of observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Lohmann
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marco Eijken
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ulla Møldrup
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bjarne K Møller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - James Hunter
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cyril Moers
- Department of Surgery-Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henri Leuvenink
- Department of Surgery-Organ Donation and Transplantation, University of Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger J Ploeg
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Martin Hoogduijn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna Krarup Keller
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Jespersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Bukulmez H, Horkayne-Szakaly I, Bilgin A, Baker TP, Caplan AI, Jones OY. Intrarenal injection of mesenchymal stem cell for treatment of lupus nephritis in mice - a pilot study. Lupus 2020; 30:52-60. [PMID: 33135563 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320968897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The current project is to explore feasibility of direct intra-renal injection of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) for treatment of lupus nephritis in mice. The treatment protocol involved aged male BXSB (20 weeks) injected with 1 × 106 hMSC unilaterally under the renal capsule. Mice were harvested after 10 weeks follow-up for postmortem exam. Controls included untreated age matched male BXSB and healthy C57Bl/6. At the end of follow-up period, the survival of treated BXSB was 10 folds higher at 62.5% compared to survival of untreated control at 6.3%. The survival of C57Bl/6 remained at 100% with or without similar treatment. The renal pathology review was most significant for decreased tissue inflammation in treated BXSB compared to untreated controls. Renal tissue expression of IL-1b, IL17 were decreased and CTLA-4 was increased by RT PCR among treated compared to untreated BXSB. Thus, direct delivery of hMSC by intrarenal injection is a promising route for treatment of lupus nephritis as shown in this xenogeneic model. Further studies -using expanded numbers of mice to include other lupus strains- are warranted to investigate the mechanisms involved and to optimize treatment protocol for safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hulya Bukulmez
- Department of Pediatrics, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Asuman Bilgin
- Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas P Baker
- Joint Pathology Center, Defense Health Agency, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Arnold I Caplan
- Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Olcay Y Jones
- Division Pediatric Rheumatology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Afarideh M, Thaler R, Khani F, Tang H, Jordan KL, Conley SM, Saadiq IM, Obeidat Y, Pawar AS, Eirin A, Zhu XY, Lerman A, van Wijnen AJ, Lerman LO. Global epigenetic alterations of mesenchymal stem cells in obesity: the role of vitamin C reprogramming. Epigenetics 2020; 16:705-717. [PMID: 32893712 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1819663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity promotes dysfunction and impairs the reparative capacity of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), and alters their transcription, protein content, and paracrine function. Whether these adverse effects are mediated by chromatin-modifying epigenetic changes remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that obesity imposes global DNA hydroxymethylation and histone tri-methylation alterations in obese swine abdominal adipose tissue-derived MSCs compared to lean pig MSCs. MSCs from female lean (n = 7) and high-fat-diet fed obese (n = 7) domestic pigs were assessed using global epigenetic assays, before and after in-vitro co-incubation with the epigenetic modulator vitamin-C (VIT-C) (50 μg/ml). Dot blotting was used to measure across the whole genome 5-hydroxyemthycytosine (5hmC) residues, and Western blotting to quantify in genomic histone-3 protein tri-methylated lysine-4 (H3K4me3), lysine-9 (H3K9me3), and lysine-27 (H3K27me3) residues. MSC migration and proliferation were studied in-vitro. Obese MSCs displayed reduced global 5hmC and H3K4m3 levels, but comparable H3K9me3 and H3K27me3, compared to lean MSCs. Global 5hmC, H3K4me3, and HK9me3 marks correlated with MSC migration and reduced proliferation, as well as clinical and metabolic characteristics of obesity. Co-incubation of obese MSCs with VIT-C enhanced 5hmC marks, and reduced their global levels of H3K9me3 and H3K27me3. Contrarily, VIT-C did not affect 5hmC, and decreased H3K4me3 in lean MSCs. Obesity induces global genomic epigenetic alterations in swine MSCs, involving primarily genomic transcriptional repression, which are associated with MSC function and clinical features of obesity. Some of these alterations might be reversible using the epigenetic modulator VIT-C, suggesting epigenetic modifications as therapeutic targets in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Afarideh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Roman Thaler
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Farzaneh Khani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kyra L Jordan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sabena M Conley
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ishran M Saadiq
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yasin Obeidat
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aditya S Pawar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, and Department of Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic Rochester, MN, USA
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Kim SR, Zou X, Tang H, Puranik AS, Abumoawad AM, Zhu XY, Hickson LJ, Tchkonia T, Textor SC, Kirkland JL, Lerman LO. Increased cellular senescence in the murine and human stenotic kidney: Effect of mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1332-1344. [PMID: 32657444 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cell stress may give rise to insuperable growth arrest, which is defined as cellular senescence. Stenotic kidney (STK) ischemia and injury induced by renal artery stenosis (RAS) may be associated with cellular senescence. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) decrease some forms of STK injury, but their ability to reverse senescence in RAS remains unknown. We hypothesized that RAS evokes STK senescence, which would be ameliorated by MSCs. Mice were studied after 4 weeks of RAS, RAS treated with adipose tissue-derived MSCs 2 weeks earlier, or sham. STK senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity was measured. Protein and gene expression was used to assess senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and staining for renal fibrosis, inflammation, and capillary density. In addition, senescence was assessed as p16+ and p21+ urinary exosomes in patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) without or 3 months after autologous adipose tissue-derived MSC delivery, and in healthy volunteers (HV). In RAS mice, STK SA-β-Gal activity increased, and senescence and SASP marker expression was markedly elevated. MSCs improved renal function, fibrosis, inflammation, and capillary density, and attenuated SA-β-Gal activity, but most senescence and SASP levels remained unchanged. Congruently, in human RVH, p21+ urinary exosomes were elevated compared to HV, and only slightly improved by MSC, whereas p16+ exosomes remained unchanged. Therefore, RAS triggers renal senescence in both mice and human subjects. MSCs decrease renal injury, but only partly mitigate renal senescence. These observations support exploration of targeted senolytic therapy in RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Rin Kim
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiangyu Zou
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amrutesh S Puranik
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - LaTonya J Hickson
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tamara Tchkonia
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Stephen C Textor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Chen XJ, Zhang X, Jiang K, Krier JD, Zhu X, Conley S, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Adjunctive mesenchymal stem/stromal cells augment microvascular function in poststenotic kidneys treated with low-energy shockwave therapy. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:9806-9818. [PMID: 32430932 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective therapeutic strategies are needed to preserve renal function in patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS). Low-energy shockwave therapy (SW) and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) both stimulate angiogenesis repair of stenotic kidney injury. This study tested the hypothesis that intrarenal delivery of adipose tissue-derived MSCs would enhance the capability of SW to preserve stenotic kidney function and structure. Twenty-two pigs were studied after 16 weeks of ARAS, ARAS treated with a SW regimen (bi-weekly for 3 weeks) with or without subsequent intrarenal delivery of adipose tissue-derived MSCs and controls. Four weeks after treatment, single-kidney renal blood flow (RBF) before and after infusion of acetylcholine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and oxygenation were assessed in vivo and the renal microcirculation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress ex vivo. Mean arterial pressure remained higher in ARAS, ARAS + SW, and ARAS + SW + MSC compared with normal. Both SW and SW + MSC similarly elevated the decreased stenotic kidney GFR and RBF observed in ARAS to normal levels. Yet, SW + MSC significantly improved RBF response to acetylcholine in ARAS, and attenuated capillary loss and oxidative stress more than SW alone. Density of larger microvessels was similarly increased by both interventions. Therefore, although significant changes in functional outcomes were not observed in a short period of time, adjunct MSCs enhanced pro-angiogenic effect of SW to improve renal microvascular outcomes, suggesting this as an effective stratege for long-term management of renovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kai Jiang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - James D Krier
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiangyang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sabena Conley
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Renovascular disease (RVD) remains an important cause of hypertension and renal dysfunction. Given the failure of renal revascularization to provide consistent clinical benefit in the Cardiovascular Outcomes for Renal Artery Lesions trial among others, further research has underscored the need for mechanistically targeted interventions to improve renal outcomes in patients in RVD. This review discusses novel therapeutic approaches for RVD in the post-Cardiovascular Outcomes for Renal Artery Lesions era. RECENT FINDINGS Emerging evidence indicates that renal inflammation, microvascular remodeling, and mitochondrial damage accelerate progression of renal injury and are important determinants of the response to revascularization. Experimental studies have identified interventions capable of ameliorating renal inflammation (e.g., cytokine inhibitors, mesenchymal stem cells), microvascular remodeling (proangiogenic interventions), and mitochondrial injury (mito-protective drugs), alone or combined with renal revascularization, to preserve the structure and function of the poststenotic kidney. Recent prospective pilot studies in patients with atherosclerotic RVD demonstrate the safety and feasibility of some of such interventions to protect the kidney. SUMMARY Experimental studies and pilot clinical trials suggest that therapies targeting renal inflammation, microvascular remodeling, and mitochondrial damage have the potential to preserve the structure and function of the stenotic kidney. Further studies in larger cohorts are needed to confirm their renoprotective effects and clinical role in human RVD.
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Selective intrarenal delivery of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuates myocardial injury in experimental metabolic renovascular disease. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:16. [PMID: 31938859 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-019-0772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) deliver genes and proteins to recipient cells, and mediate paracrine actions of their parent cells. Intrarenal delivery of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs preserves stenotic-kidney function and reduces release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a swine model of coexisting metabolic syndrome (MetS) and renal artery stenosis (RAS). We hypothesized that this approach is also capable of blunting cardiac injury and dysfunction. Five groups of pigs were studied after 16 weeks of diet-induced MetS and RAS (MetS + RAS), MetS and MetS + RAS treated 4 weeks earlier with a single intrarenal delivery of EVs-rich fraction harvested from autologous adipose tissue-derived MSCs, and lean and MetS Shams. Cardiac structure, function, and myocardial oxygenation were assessed in vivo using imaging, and cardiac inflammation, senescence, and fibrosis ex vivo. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured in circulating and renal vein blood. Intrarenal EV delivery improved stenotic-kidney glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow, and decreased renal release of monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-6. Furthermore, despite unchanged systemic hemodynamics, intrarenal EV delivery in MetS + RAS normalized cardiac diastolic function, attenuated left ventricular remodeling, cellular senescence and inflammation, and improved myocardial oxygenation and capillary density in MetS + RAS. Intrarenal delivery of MSC-derived EVs blunts myocardial injury in experimental MetS + RAS, possibly related to improvement in renal function and systemic inflammatory profile. These observations underscore the central role of inflammation in the crosstalk between the kidney and heart, and the important contribution of renal function to cardiac structural and functional integrity in coexisting MetS and RAS.
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Sharma P, Burch S, Peesay T, M. Hamilla S, H. Hsieh A, Luna Lopez C. Downregulation of vimentin intermediate filaments affect human mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and formation of cellular projections. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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Yuan F, Woollard JR, Jordan KL, Lerman A, Lerman LO, Eirin A. Mitochondrial targeted peptides preserve mitochondrial organization and decrease reversible myocardial changes in early swine metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:431-442. [PMID: 29267873 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The mechanisms responsible for cardiac damage in the early stages of metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain unknown. Mitochondria are intimately associated with cellular myofibrils, with the cytoskeleton functioning as a linkage coordinator, and closely associated to the calcium release sites of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). We hypothesized that early MetS is characterized by mitochondria-related myocardial damage, associated with altered cytoskeletal-mitochondria-SR interaction. Methods and results Domestic pigs were studied after 16 weeks of diet-induced MetS, MetS treated for the last 4 weeks with the mitochondrial-targeted peptide elamipretide (ELAM; 0.1 mg/kg SC q.d), or Lean controls (n = 6/group). Cardiac remodeling and function were assessed by fast comuted tomography. Myocardial mitochondrial structure, SR-mitochondria interaction, calcium handling, cytoskeletal proteins, oxidative stress, and apoptosis were studied ex-vivo. MetS pigs developed hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance, yet cardiac function was preserved. MetS-induced mitochondrial disorganization, decreased (C18:2)4 cardiolipin, disrupted ATP/ADP balance, and decreased cytochrome-c oxidase (COX)-IV activity. MetS also increased mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)/NADP and GSH/GSSG, and decreased myocardial desmin and β2 tubulin immunoreactivity, and impaired SR-mitochondrial interaction and mitochondrial calcium handling, eliciting myocardial oxidative stress and apoptosis. ELAM improved mitochondrial organization and cardiolipin species profile, restored ATP/ADP ratio and COX-IV activity, decreased H202 production, and improved generation of NADPH and GSH. ELAM also improved cytoskeletal-mitochondria-SR interaction and mitochondrial calcium handling, attenuating oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Conclusions Disorganization of cardiomyocyte cytoskeletal-mitochondria-SR network is associated with cardiac reversible changes in early MetS, preceding overt cardiac dysfunction. These findings may introduce novel therapeutic targets for blunting cardiac damage in early MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan, PR China
| | - John R Woollard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kyra L Jordan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Eirin A, Zhu XY, Jonnada S, Lerman A, van Wijnen AJ, Lerman LO. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Improve the Renal Microvasculature in Metabolic Renovascular Disease in Swine. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1080-1095. [PMID: 29954220 PMCID: PMC6158551 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718780942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) mediate their paracrine effect, but their efficacy to protect the microcirculation of the kidney is unknown. Using a novel swine model of unilateral renovascular disease (RVD) complicated by metabolic syndrome (MetS), we tested the hypothesis that EVs would attenuate renal microvascular loss. Methods: Four groups of pigs (n = 7 each) were studied after 16 weeks of diet-induced MetS and RVD (MetS+RVD), MetS+RVD treated 4 weeks earlier with a single intra-renal delivery of EVs harvested from autologous adipose tissue-derived MSCs, and Lean and MetS Sham controls. Stenotic-kidney renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured in-vivo (fast CT), whereas EV characteristics, renal microvascular architecture (micro-CT), and injury pathways were studied ex-vivo. Results: mRNA sequencing and proteomic analysis revealed that EVs are packed with several pro-angiogenic genes and proteins, such as vascular endothelial growth factor. Labeled EVs were detected in the stenotic kidney 4 weeks after injection internalized by tubular and endothelial cells. EVs restored renal expression of angiogenic factors and improved cortical microvascular and peritubular capillary density. Renal apoptosis, oxidative stress, tubular injury, and fibrosis were also attenuated in EV-treated pigs. RBF and GFR decreased in MetS+RVD compared with MetS, but normalized in MetS+RVD+EVs. Conclusions: Intra-renal delivery of MSC-derived EVs bearing pro-angiogenic properties restored the renal microcirculation and in turn hemodynamics and function in chronic experimental MetS+RVD. Our study suggests a novel therapeutic potential for MSC-derived EVs in restoring renal hemodynamics in experimental MetS+RVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eirin
- 1 Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- 1 Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sreela Jonnada
- 1 Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- 2 Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Lilach O Lerman
- 1 Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,2 Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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26
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Meng Y, Eirin A, Zhu XY, Tang H, Chanana P, Lerman A, van Wijnen AJ, Lerman LO. Obesity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in porcine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5926-5936. [PMID: 29243809 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be a viable option for treatment of several diseases. MSCs efficacy depends on adequate function of their mitochondria, which might be impaired in a noxious milieu. We hypothesized that obesity compromises MSCs mitochondrial structure and function, possibly via micro-RNA (miRNA)-based mechanisms. MSCs were collected from swine abdominal adipose tissue after 16 weeks of Lean or Obese diet (n = 7 each). Mitochondrial structure was assessed by electron microscopy and function by membrane potential and cytochrome-c oxidase (COX)-IV activity. Oxidative stress was assessed by Mito-SOX and dihydroethidium staining. Next-generation sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify miRNAs expression in MSCs, and predicted mitochondrial target genes were then identified (MitoCarta). Compared to Lean-MSCs, mitochondria from Obese-MSCs were smaller and showed cristae remodeling and loss. Mitochondrial membrane potential and COX-IV activity decreased in Obese-MSCs, associated with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress. RNA-seq generated reads for 413 miRNAs, of which 5 miRNAs were upregulated in Obese-MSCs (fold change >2, p < 0.05) and found to target 43 specific mitochondrial genes. Obesity impairs MSC mitochondrial structure and function, possibly mediated partly through miRNA-induced mitochondrial gene regulation, leading to increased oxidative stress. Importantly, these alterations may limit the therapeutic use of autologous MSCs in subjects with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Pritha Chanana
- Health Sciences Research & Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amir Lerman
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Lilach O Lerman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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27
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Yuan F, Hedayat AF, Ferguson CM, Lerman A, Lerman LO, Eirin A. Mitoprotection attenuates myocardial vascular impairment in porcine metabolic syndrome. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H669-H680. [PMID: 29196345 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00431.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) leads to cardiac vascular injury, which may reflect in increased retention of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Coronary endothelial cell (EC) mitochondria partly regulate vascular function and structure. We hypothesized that chronic mitoprotection would preserve EC mitochondria and attenuate coronary vascular injury and dysfunction in swine MetS. Pigs were studied after 16 wk of diet-induced MetS, MetS treated for the last 4 wk with the mitochondria-targeted peptide elamipretide (ELAM; 0.1 mg/kg sc once daily), and lean controls ( n = 6 each). Cardiac remodeling and function were assessed in vivo by multidetector-computed tomography (CT), and coronary artery and sinus blood samples were collected. EC mitochondrial density, apoptosis, oxidative stress, endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity, myocardial microvascular density (three-dimensional microcomputed tomography), and coronary endothelial function (organ bath) were assessed ex vivo. The number and arteriovenous gradient of CD34+/KDR+ EPCs were calculated by FACS (a negative net gradient indicating EPC retention). MetS and MetS + ELAM pigs developed similar MetS (obesity, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and hypertension). EC mitochondrial density decreased in MetS animals compared with lean animals but normalized in MetS + ELAM animals. ELAM also attenuated EC oxidative stress and apoptosis and improved subendocardial microvascular density. ELAM-induced vasculoprotection was reflected by decreased coronary retention of EPCs. ELAM also partly improved endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity, coronary endothelial function, and vessel maturity, whereas myocardial perfusion was unaffected. Chronic mitoprotection improved coronary EC mitochondrial density and decreased vascular remodeling and dysfunction. However, additional mitochondria-independent mechanisms likely contribute to MetS-induced cardiac vascular injury. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study shows that chronic mitoprotection preserved coronary endothelial cell mitochondria and decreased vascular injury, subendocardial microvascular loss, coronary retention of endothelial progenitor cells, and release of markers of vascular injury. However, myocardial perfusion remained blunted, suggesting that additional mitochondria-independent mechanisms likely contribute to metabolic syndrome-induced cardiac vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yuan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Cardiology, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital , Henan , People's Republic of China
| | - Ahmad F Hedayat
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota
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28
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Meng Y, Eirin A, Zhu XY, Tang H, Chanana P, Lerman A, Van Wijnen AJ, Lerman LO. The metabolic syndrome alters the miRNA signature of porcine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cytometry A 2017; 93:93-103. [PMID: 28678424 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Autologous transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a viable option for the treatment of several diseases. Evidence indicates that MSCs release extracellular vesicles (EVs) and that EVs shuttle miRNAs to damaged parenchymal cells to activate an endogenous repair program. We hypothesize that comorbidities may interfere with the packaging of cargo in MSC-derived EVs. Therefore, we examined whether metabolic syndrome (MetS) modulates the miRNA content packed within MSC-derived EVs. MSCs were collected from swine abdominal adipose tissue after 16 weeks of lean or obese diet (n = 7 each). Next-generation RNA sequencing of miRNAs (miRNA-seq) was performed to identify miRNAs enriched in MSC-derived EVs and their predicted target genes. Functional pathway analysis of the top 50 target genes of the top 4 miRNAs enriched in each group was performed using gene ontology analysis. Lean- and MetS-EVs were enriched in, respectively, 14 and 8 distinct miRNAs. Target genes of miRNAs enriched in MetS-EVs were implicated in the development of MetS and its complications, including diabetes-related pathways, validated transcriptional targets of AP1 family members Fra1 and Fra2, Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors), and Peptide ligand-binding receptors. In contrast, miRNAs enriched in Lean EVs target primarily EphrinA-EPHA and the Rho family of GTPases. MetS alters the miRNA content of EVs derived from porcine adipose tissue MSCs. These alterations could impair the efficacy and limit the therapeutic use of autologous MSCs in subjects with MetS. Our findings may assist in developing adequate regenerative strategies to preserve the reparative potency of MSCs in individuals with MetS. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Nephrology, the First Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Pritha Chanana
- Division of Health Sciences Research & Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amir Lerman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.,Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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29
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Borlaug BA, Carter RE, Melenovsky V, DeSimone CV, Gaba P, Killu A, Naksuk N, Lerman L, Asirvatham SJ. Percutaneous Pericardial Resection: A Novel Potential Treatment for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circ Heart Fail 2017; 10:e003612. [PMID: 28396500 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.116.003612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction develop increases in left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressures during exercise that contribute to dyspnea. In normal open-chest animal preparations, the pericardium restrains LV filling when central blood volume increases. We hypothesized that resection of the pericardium using a minimally invasive epicardial approach would mitigate the increase in LV end-diastolic pressure that develops during volume loading in normal and diseased hearts with the chest intact. METHODS AND RESULTS Invasive hemodynamic assessment was performed at baseline and after saline load before and after pericardial resection in normal canines with open (n=3) and closed chest (n=5) and in a pig model with features of human heart failure and preserved ejection fraction with sternum intact (n=4). In closed-chest animals, pericardiotomy was performed using a novel subxiphoid procedure. In both experimental preparations of normal dogs, pericardiotomy blunted the increase in LV end-diastolic pressure with saline infusion, while enhancing the saline-mediated increase in LV end-diastolic volume. With chest intact in the pig model, percutaneous pericardial resection again blunted the increase in LV end-diastolic pressure secondary to volume expansion (+4±3 versus +13±5 mm Hg; P=0.014), while enhancing the saline-mediated increase in LV end-diastolic volume (+17±1 versus +10±2 mL; P=0.016). CONCLUSIONS This proof of concept study demonstrates that pericardial resection through a minimally invasive percutaneous approach mitigates the elevation in LV filling pressures with volume loading in both normal animals and a pig model with diastolic dysfunction. Further study is warranted to determine whether this method is safe and produces similar acute and chronic hemodynamic benefits in people with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry A Borlaug
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| | - Rickey E Carter
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Vojtech Melenovsky
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Prakriti Gaba
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Ammar Killu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Niyada Naksuk
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lilach Lerman
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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30
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Eirin A, Zhu XY, Puranik AS, Woollard JR, Tang H, Dasari S, Lerman A, van Wijnen AJ, Lerman LO. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of the molecular cargo of extracellular vesicles derived from porcine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174303. [PMID: 28333993 PMCID: PMC5363917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal/stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising therapy for tissue regeneration. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by MSCs act as their paracrine effectors by delivering proteins and genetic material to recipient cells. To assess how their cargo mediates biological processes that drive their therapeutic effects, we integrated miRNA, mRNA, and protein expression data of EVs from porcine adipose tissue-derived MSCs. Methods Simultaneous expression profiles of miRNAs, mRNAs, and proteins were obtained by high-throughput sequencing and LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis in porcine MSCs and their daughter EVs (n = 3 each). TargetScan and ComiR were used to predict miRNA target genes. Functional annotation analysis was performed using DAVID 6.7 database to rank primary gene ontology categories for the enriched mRNAs, miRNA target genes, and proteins. STRING was used to predict associations between mRNA and miRNA target genes. Results Differential expression analysis revealed 4 miRNAs, 255 mRNAs, and 277 proteins enriched in EVs versus MSCs (fold change >2, p<0.05). EV-enriched miRNAs target transcription factors (TFs) and EV-enriched mRNAs encode TFs, but TF proteins are not enriched in EVs. Rather, EVs are enriched for proteins that support extracellular matrix remodeling, blood coagulation, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Conclusions Porcine MSC-derived EVs contain a genetic cargo of miRNAs and mRNAs that collectively control TF activity in EVs and recipient cells, as well as proteins capable of modulating cellular pathways linked to tissue repair. These properties provide the fundamental basis for considering therapeutic use of EVs in tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Amrutesh S. Puranik
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - John R. Woollard
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Hui Tang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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31
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Eirin A, Zhu XY, Puranik AS, Tang H, McGurren KA, van Wijnen AJ, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate kidney inflammation. Kidney Int 2017; 92:114-124. [PMID: 28242034 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have distinct capability for renal repair, but may have safety concerns. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles emerged as a novel noncellular alternative. Using a porcine model of metabolic syndrome and renal artery stenosis we tested whether extracellular vesicles attenuate renal inflammation, and if this capacity is mediated by their cargo of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL) 10. Pigs with metabolic syndrome were studied after 16 weeks of renal artery stenosis untreated or treated four weeks earlier with a single intrarenal delivery of extracellular vesicles harvested from adipose tissue-derived autologous MSCs. Lean and sham metabolic syndrome animals served as controls (seven each). Five additional pigs with metabolic syndrome and renal artery stenosis received extracellular vesicles with pre-silenced IL10 (IL10 knock-down). Single-kidney renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and oxygenation were studied in vivo and renal injury pathways ex vivo. Retention of extracellular vesicles in the stenotic kidney peaked two days after delivery and decreased thereafter. Four weeks after injection, extracellular vesicle fragments colocalized with stenotic-kidney tubular cells and macrophages, indicating internalization or fusion. Extracellular vesicle delivery attenuated renal inflammation, and improved medullary oxygenation and fibrosis. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate fell in metabolic syndrome and renal artery stenosis compared to metabolic syndrome, but was restored in pigs treated with extracellular vesicles. These renoprotective effects were blunted in pigs treated with IL10-depleted extracellular vesicles. Thus, extracellular vesicle-based regenerative strategies might be useful for patients with metabolic syndrome and renal artery stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eirin
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amrutesh S Puranik
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kelly A McGurren
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Amir Lerman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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Schipke J, Brandenberger C, Rajces A, Manninger M, Alogna A, Post H, Mühlfeld C. Assessment of cardiac fibrosis: a morphometric method comparison for collagen quantification. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 122:1019-1030. [PMID: 28126909 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00987.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic remodeling of the heart is a frequent condition linked to various diseases and cardiac dysfunction. Collagen quantification is an important objective in cardiac fibrosis research; however, a variety of different histological methods are currently used that may differ in accuracy. Here, frequently applied collagen quantification techniques were compared. A porcine model of early stage heart failure with preserved ejection fraction was used as an example. Semiautomated threshold analyses were imprecise, mainly due to inclusion of noncollagen structures or failure to detect certain collagen deposits. In contrast, collagen assessment by automated image analysis and light microscopy (LM)-stereology was more sensitive. Depending on the quantification method, the amount of estimated collagen varied and influenced intergroup comparisons. PicroSirius Red, Masson's trichrome, and Azan staining protocols yielded similar results, whereas the measured collagen area increased with increasing section thickness. Whereas none of the LM-based methods showed significant differences between the groups, electron microscopy (EM)-stereology revealed a significant collagen increase between cardiomyocytes in the experimental group, but not at other localizations. In conclusion, in contrast to the staining protocol, section thickness and the quantification method being used directly influence the estimated collagen content and thus, possibly, intergroup comparisons. EM in combination with stereology is a precise and sensitive method for collagen quantification if certain prerequisites are considered. For subtle fibrotic alterations, consideration of collagen localization may be necessary. Among LM methods, LM-stereology and automated image analysis are appropriate to quantify fibrotic changes, the latter depending on careful control of algorithm and comparable section staining.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Direct comparison of frequently applied histological fibrosis assessment techniques revealed a distinct relation of measured collagen and utilized quantification method as well as section thickness. Besides electron microscopy-stereology, which was precise and sensitive, light microscopy-stereology and automated image analysis proved to be appropriate for collagen quantification. Moreover, consideration of collagen localization might be important in revealing minor fibrotic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schipke
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; .,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (from Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Brandenberger
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (from Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Rajces
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Manninger
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; and
| | - Alessio Alogna
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heiner Post
- Department of Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charite Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH (from Regenerative Biology to Reconstructive Therapy), Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover, German Center for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany
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Eirin A, Zhu XY, Puranik AS, Woollard JR, Tang H, Dasari S, Lerman A, van Wijnen AJ, Lerman LO. Comparative proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles isolated from porcine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36120. [PMID: 27786293 PMCID: PMC5081562 DOI: 10.1038/srep36120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) contribute to recovery of damaged tissue. We have previously shown that porcine MSC-derived EVs transport mRNA and miRNA capable of modulating cellular pathways in recipient cells. To identify candidate factors that contribute to the therapeutic effects of porcine MSC-derived EVs, we characterized their protein cargo using proteomics. Porcine MSCs were cultured from abdominal fat, and EVs characterized for expression of typical MSC and EV markers. LC-MS/MS proteomic analysis was performed and proteins classified. Functional pathway analysis was performed and five candidate proteins were validated by western blot. Proteomics analysis identified 5,469 distinct proteins in MSCs and 4,937 in EVs. The average protein expression was higher in MSCs vs. EVs. Differential expression analysis revealed 128 proteins that are selectively enriched in EVs versus MSCs, whereas 563 proteins were excluded from EVs. Proteins enriched in EVs are linked to a broad range of biological functions, including angiogenesis, blood coagulation, apoptosis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and regulation of inflammation. Excluded are mostly nuclear proteins, like proteins involved in nucleotide binding and RNA splicing. EVs have a selectively-enriched protein cargo with a specific biological signature that MSCs may employ for intercellular communication to facilitate tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eirin
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - John R. Woollard
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hui Tang
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Amir Lerman
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Chade AR, Hall JE. Role of the Renal Microcirculation in Progression of Chronic Kidney Injury in Obesity. Am J Nephrol 2016; 44:354-367. [PMID: 27771702 DOI: 10.1159/000452365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is largely responsible for the growing incidence and prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular and renal diseases. Current strategies to prevent and treat obesity and its consequences have been insufficient to reverse the ongoing trends. Lifestyle modification or pharmacological therapies often produce modest weight loss which is not sustained and recurrence of obesity is frequently observed, leading to progression of target organ damage in many obese subjects. Therefore, research efforts have focused not only on the factors that regulate energy balance, but also on understanding mechanisms of target organ injury in obesity. Summary and Key Message: Microvascular (MV) disease plays a pivotal role in progressive kidney injury from different etiologies such as hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis, which are all important consequences of chronic obesity. The MV networks are anatomical units that are closely adapted to specific functions of nutrition and removal of waste in every organ. Damage of the small vessels in several tissues and organs has been reported in obesity and may increase cardio-renal risk. However, the mechanisms by which obesity and its attendant cardiovascular and metabolic consequences interact to cause renal MV injury and chronic kidney disease are still unclear, although substantial progress has been made in recent years. This review addresses potential mechanisms and consequences of obesity-induced renal MV injury as well as current treatments that may provide protection of the renal microcirculation and slow progressive kidney injury in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro R Chade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Miss., USA
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Eirin A, Ebrahimi B, Kwon SH, Fiala JA, Williams BJ, Woollard JR, He Q, Gupta RC, Sabbah HN, Prakash YS, Textor SC, Lerman A, Lerman LO. Restoration of Mitochondrial Cardiolipin Attenuates Cardiac Damage in Swine Renovascular Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.115.003118. [PMID: 27247333 PMCID: PMC4937260 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.115.003118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Renovascular hypertension (RVH) impairs cardiac structure and left ventricular (LV) function, but whether mitochondrial injury is implicated in RVH‐induced myocardial damage and dysfunction has not been defined. We hypothesized that cardiac remodeling in swine RVH is partly attributable to cardiac mitochondrial injury. Methods and Results After 12 weeks of hypercholesterolemic (HC)‐RVH or control (n=14 each), pigs were treated for another 4 weeks with vehicle or with the mitochondrial‐targeted peptide (MTP), Bendavia (0.1 mg/kg subcutaneously, 5 days/week), which stabilizes mitochondrial inner‐membrane cardiolipin (n=7 each). Cardiac function was subsequently assessed by multidetector‐computed tomography and oxygenation by blood‐oxygen‐level–dependent magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiolipin content, mitochondrial biogenesis, as well as sarcoplasmic‐reticulum calcium cycling, myocardial tissue injury, and coronary endothelial function were assessed ex vivo. Additionally, mitochondrial cardiolipin content, oxidative stress, and bioenergetics were assessed in rat cardiomyocytes incubated with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) untreated or treated with MTP. Chronic mitoprotection in vivo restored cardiolipin content and mitochondrial biogenesis. Thapsigargin‐sensitive sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase activity that declined in HC‐RVH normalized in MTP‐treated pigs. Mitoprotection also improved LV relaxation (E/A ratio) and ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy, without affecting blood pressure or systolic function. Myocardial remodeling and coronary endothelial function improved only in MTP‐treated pigs. In tBHP‐treated cardiomyocytes, mitochondrial targeting attenuated a fall in cardiolipin content and bioenergetics. Conclusions Chronic mitoprotection blunted myocardial hypertrophy, improved LV relaxation, and attenuated myocardial cellular and microvascular remodeling, despite sustained HC‐RVH, suggesting that mitochondrial injury partly contributes to hypertensive cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eirin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Behzad Ebrahimi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Soon Hyo Kwon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Justin A Fiala
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - John R Woollard
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Quan He
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL
| | - Ramech C Gupta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Hani N Sabbah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI
| | - Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Stephen C Textor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Amir Lerman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Sag AA, Sos TA, Benli C, Sal O, Rossignol P, Ortiz A, Solak Y, Kanbay M. Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in the post-CORAL era part 2: new directions in Transcatheter Nephron Salvage following flawed revascularization trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:368-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Onishi K, Jones DL, Riester SM, Lewallen EA, Lewallen DG, Sellon JL, Dietz AB, Qu W, van Wijnen AJ, Smith J. Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Remain Viable and Metabolically Active Following Needle Passage. PM R 2016; 8:844-54. [PMID: 26826615 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the biological effects of passage through clinically relevant needles on the viability and metabolic activity of culture-expanded, human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (AMSCs). DESIGN Prospective observational pilot study. SETTING Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS Patient-derived clinical-grade culture expanded AMSCs. INTERVENTIONS AMSCs were passed through syringes without a needle attached (control), with an 18-gauge (25.4-mm) needle attached and with a 30-gauge (19-mm) needle attached at a constant injection flow rate and constant cell concentrations. Each injection condition was completed in triplicate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cell number and viability, proliferative capacity, metabolic activity, and acute gene expression as measured by cell counts, mitochondrial activity, and quantitative real time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction on day 0 (immediately), day 1, and day 4 after injection. RESULTS AMSC viability was not significantly affected by injection, and cells proliferated normally regardless of study group. Postinjection, AMSCs robustly expressed both proliferation markers and extracellular matrix proteins. Stress-response mRNAs were markedly but transiently increased independently of needle size within the first day in culture postinjection. CONCLUSIONS Human, culture-expanded AMSCs maintain their viability, proliferative capacity, and metabolic function following passage through needles as small as 30-gauge at constant flow rates of 4 mL/min, despite an early, nonspecific stress/cytoprotective response. These initial findings suggest that culture-expanded AMSCs should tolerate the injection process during most cell-based therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Onishi
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(∗)
| | - Dakota L Jones
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(†)
| | - Scott M Riester
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(‡)
| | - Eric A Lewallen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(§)
| | - David G Lewallen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(‖)
| | - Jacob L Sellon
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(¶)
| | - Allan B Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(#)
| | - Wenchun Qu
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Anesthesiology Division of Pain Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(∗∗)
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical Sciences Building, Rm S3-69, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St, SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physiology, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(††).
| | - Jay Smith
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, W14, Mayo Building, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St, SW, Rochester, MN 55905; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Department of Anatomy, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN(‡‡).
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Challenges and opportunities for stem cell therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2016; 89:767-78. [PMID: 26924058 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2015.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health care burden affecting billions of individuals worldwide. The kidney has limited regenerative capacity from chronic insults, and for the most common causes of CKD, no effective treatment exists to prevent progression to end-stage kidney failure. Therefore, novel interventions, such as regenerative cell-based therapies, need to be developed for CKD. Given the risk of allosensitization, autologous transplantation of cells to boost regenerative potential is preferred. Therefore, verification of cell function and vitality in CKD patients is imperative. Two cell types have been most commonly applied in regenerative medicine. Endothelial progenitor cells contribute to neovasculogenesis primarily through paracrine angiogenic activity and partly by differentiation into mature endothelial cells in situ. Mesenchymal stem cells also exert paracrine effects, including proangiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activity. However, in CKD, multiple factors may contribute to reduced cell function, including older age, coexisting cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic inflammatory states, and uremia, which may limit the effectiveness of an autologous cell-based therapy approach. This Review highlights current knowledge on stem and progenitor cell function and vitality, aspects of the uremic milieu that may serve as a barrier to therapy, and novel methods to improve stem cell function for potential transplantation.
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