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Wang J, Qin W, Zhong Y, Hu H, Yang J, Huang H, Huang N, Liu S, Li J, Zheng L, Qin A, Lu Z. Injectable collagen hydrogel combines human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to promote endometrial regeneration in rats with thin endometrium. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127591. [PMID: 37884246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The regeneration of thin endometrium still remains as a great challenge in the field of reproductive medicine. Stem cells-based therapy has been considered as a promising strategy for the restoration of thin endometrium. However, the low transplantation and retention rate of stem cells and loss of stemness due to in vitro expansion limits the therapeutic efficacy. In our study, we combined collagen hydrogel and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs) for improving the regeneration of thin endometrium, by using the potent pluripotency and low immunogenicity of uMSCs and collagen hydrogel that promotes the anchorage and proliferation of stem cells. Results showed that collagen hydrogel has favorable biocompatibility and the capacity to enhance the cell viability and expression of stemness-associated genes (including organic cation/carnitine transporter4 (Oct-4), Nanog homeobox (Nanog) and SRY-box transcription factor 2 (SOX2)) of uMSCs. The combination of collagen hydrogel and uMSCs prolonged the retention time of the constructs in the uterine cavity and improved endometrial thickness compared with uMSCs alone, leading to increase the fertility of the rats with thin endometrium. These highlighted therapeutic prospects of collagen hydrogel combined with uMSCs for the minimally invasive therapy of thin endometrium in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Weili Qin
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yanping Zhong
- Institute of Life Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Junxu Yang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Hanji Huang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Institute of Life Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Nanchang Huang
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jiaxu Li
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Institute of Life Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Aiping Qin
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Zhenhui Lu
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Regenerative Medicine and Medical Bioresource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Institute of Life Science, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Afliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Becherucci V, Bacci GM, Marziali E, Sodi A, Bambi F, Caputo R. The New Era of Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Narrative Review of Pathomolecular Mechanisms for the Development of Cell-Based Therapies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2656. [PMID: 37893030 PMCID: PMC10604477 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa, defined more properly as cone-rod dystrophy, is a paradigm of inherited diffuse retinal dystrophies, one of the rare diseases with the highest prevalence in the worldwide population and one of the main causes of low vision in the pediatric and elderly age groups. Advancements in and the understanding of molecular biology and gene-editing technologies have raised interest in laying the foundation for new therapeutic strategies for rare diseases. As a consequence, new possibilities for clinicians and patients are arising due to the feasibility of treating such a devastating disorder, reducing its complications. The scope of this review focuses on the pathomolecular mechanisms underlying RP better to understand the prospects of its treatment using innovative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Becherucci
- Cell Factory Meyer, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Giacomo Maria Bacci
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Elisa Marziali
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Andrea Sodi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Franco Bambi
- Cell Factory Meyer, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (V.B.); (F.B.)
| | - Roberto Caputo
- Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit, Children’s Hospital A. Meyer Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (E.M.); (R.C.)
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Sanie-Jahromi F, Azizi A, Shariat S, Johari M. Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Ocular Cells: A Means for Improving Ocular Tissue Engineering and Treatments of Eye Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6548554. [PMID: 34840978 PMCID: PMC8612806 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6548554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is biomedical engineering that uses suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to assemble functional constructs that restore or improve damaged tissues. Recently, cell therapies as a subset of tissue engineering have been very promising in the treatment of ocular diseases. One of the most important biophysical factors to make this happen is noninvasive electrical stimulation (ES) to target ocular cells that may preserve vision in multiple retinal and optic nerve diseases. The science of cellular and biophysical interactions is very exciting in regenerative medicine now. Although the exact effect of ES on cells is unknown, multiple mechanisms are considered to underlie the effects of ES, including increased production of neurotrophic agents, improved cell migration, and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and cellular apoptosis. In this review, we highlighted the effects of ES on ocular cells, especially on the corneal, retinal, and optic nerve cells. Initially, we summarized the current literature on the in vitro and in vivo effects of ES on ocular cells and then we provided the clinical studies describing the effect of ES on ocular complications. For each area, we used some of the most impactful articles to show the important concepts and results that advanced the state of these interactions. We conclude with reflections on emerging new areas and perspectives for future development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sanie-Jahromi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Azizi
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sahar Shariat
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammadkarim Johari
- Poostchi Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Intravitreal Use of a Bone Marrow Mononuclear Fraction (BMMF) Containing CD34+ Cells in Patients with Stargardt Type Macular Dystrophy. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8828256. [PMID: 33488737 PMCID: PMC7787861 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8828256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the therapeutic potential and the safety of intravitreous use of a bone marrow mononuclear fraction (BMMF) containing CD34+ cells in patients with Stargardt type macular dystrophy. The study was conducted on 10 patients with Stargardt dystrophy with worse eye visual acuity ≤ 20/125. A bone marrow aspirate was obtained from all patients, and after processing in the cell therapy center (CTC), 0.1 ml of the intravitreous BMMF suspension was injected into the eye with worse visual acuity. A sham injection was performed in the contralateral eye. The patients were evaluated at baseline and one, three, and six months after the injection. All of them were submitted to measurement of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), microperimetry, multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) and full field electroretinography (ffERG), autofluorescence (AF), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Fluorescein angiography was also performed before and six months after the injection. All patients completed the six-month period of evaluation. Mean visual acuity of the treated eye was 1.1 logMAR (20/250) before intravitreous (IV) injection, 0.96 logMAR (20/200+2) one month after injection, and 0.92 logMAR (20/160-1) 3 months after injection. In the untreated eye, mean VA was 1.0 logMAR (20/200) at baseline and 0.96 logMAR (20/200+2) and 0.94 logMAR (20/160-2) one and three months after injection, respectively. In the treated group, VA at baseline ranged from best acuity of 20/125-1 to worst acuity of 20/640+2, going through 20/100+2 and 20/400 during the first month. In the untreated group, BCVA ranged from 20/100+2 to 20/400 at baseline and from 20/100 to 20/400 after one month. The results for the treated group differed significantly at all follow-up times, whereas no significant difference was observed in the untreated group. Regarding the mean sensitivity of microperimetry, although there was improvement throughout all months, a significant difference occurred only during the first month. In the untreated eye, there was no significant difference in any analysis. Angiofluoresceinography did not reveal neovessel formation or tumor growth. The remaining exams were used in order to aid the diagnosis. The results indicate that the use of intravitreous BMMF in patients with Stargardt dystrophy is safe and is associated with a discrete improvement of BCVA and microperimetry in the treated eye compared to the untreated one.
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Shen Y. Stem cell therapies for retinal diseases: from bench to bedside. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1347-1368. [PMID: 32794020 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As the human retina has no regenerative ability, stem cell interventions represent potential therapies for various blinding retinal diseases. This type of therapy has been extensively studied in the human eyes through decades of preclinical studies. The safety profiles shown in clinical trials thus far have indicated that these strategies should be further explored. There are still challenges with regard to cell source, cell delivery, immuno-related adverse events and long-term maintenance of the therapeutic effects. Retinal stem cell therapy is likely to be most successful with a combination of multiple technologies, such as gene therapy. The purpose of this review is to present a synthetical and systematic coverage of stem cell therapies that target retinal diseases from bench to bedside, intending to appeal to both junior specialists and the broader community of clinical investigators alike. This review will only focus on therapies that have already been studied in clinical trials. This review summarizes key concepts, highlights the main studies in human patients and discusses the current challenges and potential methods to reduce safety concerns while enhancing the therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuening Shen
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London , 11-43 Bath St, London, EC1V 9EL, UK. .,Department of Medical Retina, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.
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Neuroprotective Strategies for Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration: Current Status and Challenges Ahead. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072262. [PMID: 32218163 PMCID: PMC7177277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the output cells of the retina into the brain. In mammals, these cells are not able to regenerate their axons after optic nerve injury, leaving the patients with optic neuropathies with permanent visual loss. An effective RGCs-directed therapy could provide a beneficial effect to prevent the progression of the disease. Axonal injury leads to the functional loss of RGCs and subsequently induces neuronal death, and axonal regeneration would be essential to restore the neuronal connectivity, and to reestablish the function of the visual system. The manipulation of several intrinsic and extrinsic factors has been proposed in order to stimulate axonal regeneration and functional repairing of axonal connections in the visual pathway. However, there is a missing point in the process since, until now, there is no therapeutic strategy directed to promote axonal regeneration of RGCs as a therapeutic approach for optic neuropathies.
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Baradaran-Rafii A, Sarvari M, Alavi-Moghadam S, Payab M, Goodarzi P, Aghayan HR, Larijani B, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Biglar M, Arjmand B. Cell-based approaches towards treating age-related macular degeneration. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 21:339-347. [PMID: 32157501 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration as one of the most common causes of worldwide vision loss needs a proper approach for treatment. Therein, cell therapy and regenerative medicine can hold a great promise to be an effective approach. Accordingly, some preclinical and clinical studies were conducted to search around the therapeutic influence of stem cells in Age-related macular degeneration models and subjects. Hereupon, the purpose of the current review is to discuss the mechanisms of age-related macular degeneration, appropriate animal models along with suitable dosage and route of stem cell administration for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Baradaran-Rafii
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sarvari
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moloud Payab
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Goodarzi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Aghayan
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahmood Biglar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Cislo-Pakuluk A, Marycz K. A Promising Tool in Retina Regeneration: Current Perspectives and Challenges When Using Mesenchymal Progenitor Stem Cells in Veterinary and Human Ophthalmological Applications. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018. [PMID: 28643176 PMCID: PMC5602072 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-017-9750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Visual impairment is a common ailment of the current world population, with more exposure to CCD screens and fluorescent lighting, approximately 285 billion people suffer from this deficiency and 13% of those are considered clinically blind. More common causes for visual impairment include age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy (Zhu et al. Molecular Medicine Reports, 2015; Kolb et al. 2007; Machalińska et al. Current Eye Research, 34(9),748-760, 2009) among a few. As cases of retinal and optic nerve diseases rise, it is vital to find a treatment, which has led to investigation of the therapeutic potential of various stem cells types (Bull et al. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 50(9), 4244, 2009; Bull et al. Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science, 49(8), 3449, 2008; Yu et al. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 344(4), 1071-1079, 2006; Na et al. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology, 247(4), 503-514, 2008). In previous studies, some of the stem cell variants used include human Muller SCs and bone marrow derived SCs. Some of the regenerative potential characteristics of mesenchymal progenitor stem cells (MSCs) include their multilineage differentiation potential, their immunomodulatory effects, their high proliferative activity, they can be easily cultured in vitro, and finally their potential to synthesize and secrete membrane derived vesicles rich in growth factors, mRNA and miRNA which possibly aid in regulation of tissue damage regeneration. These facts alone, explain why MSCs are so widely used in clinical trials, 350 up to date (Switonski, Reproductive Biology, 14(1), 44-50, 2014). Animal studies have demonstrated that sub-retinal transplantation of MSCs delays retinal degeneration and preserves retinal function through trophic response (Inoue et al. Experimental Eye Research, 85(2), 234-241, 2007). Umbilical cord derived MSCs (UC/MSCs) have also been shown to contain neuroprotective features of ganglion cells in rat studies (Zwart et al. Experimental Neurology, 216(2), 439-448, 2009). This review aims to present current MSC therapies in practice, as well as their retinal regeneration potential in animal models, and their innovative prospects for treatment of human retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Cislo-Pakuluk
- Veterinary Clinic, Trzebnicka", Kościuszki 18, 55-100, Trzebnica, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C. K. Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.
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Vilela CAP, Souza LEB, Siqueira RC, Calado RT, Covas DT, Paula JS. Ex vivo evaluation of intravitreal mesenchymal stromal cell viability using bioluminescence imaging. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:155. [PMID: 29895334 PMCID: PMC5998578 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy is a promising treatment for several degenerative ocular diseases; however, no reproducible method of monitoring these cells into the eye has been established. The aim of this study was to describe successful bioluminescence imaging (BLI) to detect viable luciferase-expressing MSC in the eye. Methods Human donor MSC in culture were transduced with 50 μl luciferase lentiviral vector (three viral particles/cell) prior to intraocular injection. Twenty-one right eyes of 21 rabbits were evaluated through BLI after receiving 1 × 106 luciferase-expressing MSC intravitreally. Contralateral eyes were injected with vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)) and were used as controls. At seven different time points (1 h to 60 days), d-luciferin (40 mg/ml, 300 μl PBS) was injected in subsets of six enucleated eyes for evaluation of radiance decay through BLI analysis. CD90 and CD73 immunofluorescence was studied in selected eyes. Results Eyes injected with MSC showed high BLI radiance immediately after d-luciferin injection and progressive decay until 60 days. Mean BLI radiance measures from eyes with luciferase-expressing MSC were significantly higher than controls from 8 h to 30 days. At the thirtieth day, positive CD90- and CD73-expressing cells were observed only in the vitreous cavity of eyes injected with MSC. Conclusions Viable MSC were identified in the vitreous cavity 1 month after a single injection. Our results confirmed BLI as a useful and reliable method to detect MSC injected into the eye globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Assis P Vilela
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - 12. Andar, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Eduardo B Souza
- Hemotherapy Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens C Siqueira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - 12. Andar, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo T Calado
- Hemotherapy Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas T Covas
- Hemotherapy Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jayter S Paula
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 - 12. Andar, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
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Praveena SM, Teh SW, Rajendran RK, Kannan N, Lin CC, Abdullah R, Kumar S. Recent updates on phthalate exposure and human health: a special focus on liver toxicity and stem cell regeneration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11333-11342. [PMID: 29546515 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates have been blended in various compositions as plasticizers worldwide for a variety of purposes. Consequently, humans are exposed to a wide spectrum of phthalates that needs to be researched and understood correctly. The goal of this review is to focus on phthalate's internal exposure pathways and possible role of human digestion on liver toxicity. In addition, special focus was made on stem cell therapy in reverting liver toxicity. The known entry of higher molecular weight phthalates is through ingestion while inhalation and dermal pathways are for lower molecular weight phthalates. In human body, certain phthalates are digested through phase 1 (hydrolysis, oxidation) and phase 2 (conjugation) metabolic processes. The phthalates that are made bioavailable through digestion enter the blood stream and reach the liver for further detoxification, and these are excreted via urine and/or feces. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a compound well studied involving human metabolism. Liver plays a pivotal role in humans for detoxification of pollutants. Thus, continuous exposure to phthalates in humans may lead to inhibition of liver detoxifying enzymes and may result in liver dysfunction. The potential of stem cell therapy addressed herewith will revert liver dysfunction and lead to restoration of liver function properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarva Mangala Praveena
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Seoh Wei Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Darul Ehsan, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ranjith Kumar Rajendran
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Narayanan Kannan
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Chu-Ching Lin
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Rozaini Abdullah
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Darul Ehsan, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Öner A. Stem Cell Treatment in Retinal Diseases: Recent Developments. Turk J Ophthalmol 2018; 48:33-38. [PMID: 29576896 PMCID: PMC5854857 DOI: 10.4274/tjo.89972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells which have the ability to self-renew and differentiate into mature cells. They are highly proliferative, implying that an unlimited number of mature cells can be generated from a given stem cell source. On this basis, stem cell replacement therapy has been evaluated in recent years as an alternative for various pathologies. Degenerative retinal diseases cause progressive visual decline which originates from continuing loss of photoreceptor cells and outer nuclear layers. Theoretically, this therapy will enable the generation of new retinal cells from stem cells to replace the damaged cells in the diseased retina. In addition, stem cells are able to perform multiple functions, such as immunoregulation, anti-apoptosis of neurons, and neurotrophin secretion. With recent progress in experimental stem cell applications, phase I/II clinical trials have been approved. These latest stem cell transplantation studies showed that this therapy is a promising approach to restore visual function in eyes with degenerative retinal diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardts’ macular dystrophy, and age-related macular degeneration. This review focuses on new developments in stem cell therapy for degenerative retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Öner
- Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Kayseri, Turkey
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12
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Age-related changes in the spatiotemporal responses to electrical stimulation in the visual cortex of rats with progressive vision loss. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14165. [PMID: 29075008 PMCID: PMC5658441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rat gradually loses vision due to retinal degeneration. Previous physiological studies have depicted the progressive loss of optical responses in the visual pathway, including the primary visual cortex (V1), over the course of retinal degeneration in the RCS rat. However, little is known about how the excitability of the V1 circuit changes during over the course of the gradual loss of visual signal input from the retina. We elucidated the properties of responses to electrical stimulations directly applied to V1 at different stages of vision input loss in the RCS rat in reference to those of the Long-Evans (LE) rat, using in vivo voltage-sensitive dye imaging. The V1 neuronal network of the RCS rat exhibited an excitatory response comparable to the LE rat. The excitatory response was maintained even long after total loss of the visual signal input from the retina. However, the response time-course suggested that the suppressive response was somewhat debilitated in the RCS rat. This is the first experiment demonstrating the long-term effect of retinal degeneration on cortical activities. Our findings provide the physiological fundamentals to enhance the preclinical research of cortical prostheses with the use of the RCS rat.
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Cotrim CC, Toscano L, Messias A, Jorge R, Siqueira RC. Intravitreal use of bone marrow mononuclear fraction containing CD34 + stem cells in patients with atrophic age-related macular degeneration. Clin Ophthalmol 2017; 11:931-938. [PMID: 28579742 PMCID: PMC5449098 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s133502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the therapeutic potential and safety of intravitreal injections of bone marrow mononuclear fraction (BMMF) containing CD34+ cells in patients with atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Ten patients with atrophic AMD and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the worse-seeing eye of ≤20/100 were enrolled in this study. The bone marrow from all patients was aspirated and processed for mononuclear cell separation. A 0.1 mL suspension of BMMF CD34+ cells was injected into the vitreous cavity of the worse-seeing eye. Patients were evaluated at Baseline and 1,3,6,9 and 12 months after injection. Ophthalmic evaluation included BCVA measurement, microperimetry, infrared imaging, fundus autofluorescence and SD-optical coherence tomography at all study visits. Fluorescein angiography was performed at Baseline and at 6 and 12 months after intravitreal therapy. Results All patients completed the 6-month follow-up, and six completed the 12-month follow-up. Prior to the injection, mean BCVA was 1.18 logMAR (20/320−1), ranging from 20/125 to 20/640−2, and improved significantly at every follow-up visit, including the 12-month one, when BCVA was 1.0 logMAR (20/200) (P<0.05). Mean sensitivity threshold also improved significantly at 6, 9 and 12 months after treatment (P<0.05). Considering the area of atrophy identified by fundus autofluorescence, significant mean BCVA and mean sensitivity threshold improvement were observed in patients with the smallest areas of atrophy. Fluorescein angiography did not identify choroidal new vessels or tumor growth. Conclusion The use of intravitreal BMMF injections in patients with AMD is safe and is associated with significant improvement in BCVA and macular sensitivity threshold. Patients with small areas of atrophy have a better response. The paracrine effect of CD34+ cells may explain the functional improvement observed; however, larger series of patients are necessary to confirm these preliminary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Costa Cotrim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiza Toscano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Messias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Jorge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rubens Camargo Siqueira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Mishra A, Das B, Nath M, Iyer S, Kesarwani A, Bhattacharjee J, Arindkar S, Sahay P, Jain K, Sahu P, Sinha P, Velpandian T, Nagarajan P, Upadhyay P. A novel immunodeficient NOD.SCID -rd1 mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa to investigate potential therapeutics and pathogenesis of retinal degeneration. Biol Open 2017; 6:449-462. [PMID: 28258056 PMCID: PMC5399550 DOI: 10.1242/bio.021618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a common retinal degeneration disease caused by mutation in any gene of the photo transduction cascade and results in photoreceptor dystrophy. Over decades, several animal models have been used to address the need for the elucidation of effective therapeutics and factors regulating retinal degeneration to prohibit or renew the damaged retina. However, controversies over the immune privilege of retina during cell transplantation and the role of immune modulation during RP still remain largely uninvestigated because of the lack of suitable animal models. Here, we have developed an immunocompromised mouse model, NOD.SCID-rd1, for retinitis pigmentosa (RP) by crossing CBA/J and NOD SCID mice and selecting homozygous double mutant animals for further breeding. Characterization of the newly developed RP model indicates a similar retinal degeneration pattern as CBA/J, with a decreased apoptosis rate and rhodopsin loss. It also exhibits loss of T cells, B cells and NK cells. The NOD.SCID-rd1 model is extremely useful for allogenic and xenogenic cell-based therapeutics, as indicated by the higher cell integration capacity post transplantation. We dissect the underlying role of the immune system in the progression of RP and the effect of immune deficiency on immune privilege of the eye using comparative qPCR studies of this model and the immune-competent RP model. Summary: NOD.SCID-rd1 is an immune compromised mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) to investigate cell-based therapeutics for retinal rescue during RP and to study immunological aspects of its pathogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaknanda Mishra
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Barun Das
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Madhu Nath
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Srikanth Iyer
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ashwani Kesarwani
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Jashdeep Bhattacharjee
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shailendra Arindkar
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Preeti Sahay
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Kshama Jain
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Parul Sahu
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Prakriti Sinha
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Thirumurthy Velpandian
- Department of Ocular Pharmacology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Perumal Nagarajan
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pramod Upadhyay
- Product Development Cell-1, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Transplantation of lineage-negative stem cells in pterygopalatine artery ligation induced retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 429:123-136. [PMID: 28210901 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2941-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia is a condition associated with retinal degenerative diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and other optic neuropathies, leading to visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Currently, there is no therapy available for ischemic retinopathies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test a murine model of pterygopalatine artery ligation-induced retinal injury for transplantation of mouse bone marrow-derived lineage-negative (lin-ve) stem cells. The mouse external carotid artery and pterygopalatine artery were ligated for 3.5 h followed by reperfusion. The model was validated through fundus fluorescein angiography, laser Doppler and FITC dextran perfusion in whole-mounts. Lin-ve stem cells isolated from mouse bone marrow were transplanted through tail-vein, which showed migration to retina leading to decrease in GFAP expression. The neurotrophic factors such as BDNF and FGF2 showed enhanced expression in the retina. The functional analysis with electroretinogram did not demonstrate any significant changes before or after injury or stem cell transplantation. This study shows a neuroprotective potential in lin-ve stem cells in the retinal ischemia induced by pterygopalatine artery ligation and presents a practical model for validating therapies for ischemic disorders of the retina in future.
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Park SS, Moisseiev E, Bauer G, Anderson JD, Grant MB, Zam A, Zawadzki RJ, Werner JS, Nolta JA. Advances in bone marrow stem cell therapy for retinal dysfunction. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 56:148-165. [PMID: 27784628 PMCID: PMC5237620 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The most common cause of untreatable vision loss is dysfunction of the retina. Conditions, such as age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma remain leading causes of untreatable blindness worldwide. Various stem cell approaches are being explored for treatment of retinal regeneration. The rationale for using bone marrow stem cells to treat retinal dysfunction is based on preclinical evidence showing that bone marrow stem cells can rescue degenerating and ischemic retina. These stem cells have primarily paracrine trophic effects although some cells can directly incorporate into damaged tissue. Since the paracrine trophic effects can have regenerative effects on multiple cells in the retina, the use of this cell therapy is not limited to a particular retinal condition. Autologous bone marrow-derived stem cells are being explored in early clinical trials as therapy for various retinal conditions. These bone marrow stem cells include mesenchymal stem cells, mononuclear cells and CD34+ cells. Autologous therapy requires no systemic immunosuppression or donor matching. Intravitreal delivery of CD34+ cells and mononuclear cells appears to be tolerated and is being explored since some of these cells can home into the damaged retina after intravitreal administration. The safety of intravitreal delivery of mesenchymal stem cells has not been well established. This review provides an update of the current evidence in support of the use of bone marrow stem cells as treatment for retinal dysfunction. The potential limitations and complications of using certain forms of bone marrow stem cells as therapy are discussed. Future directions of research include methods to optimize the therapeutic potential of these stem cells, non-cellular alternatives using extracellular vesicles, and in vivo high-resolution retinal imaging to detect cellular changes in the retina following cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna S Park
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Elad Moisseiev
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Gerhard Bauer
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Johnathon D Anderson
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Azhar Zam
- UC Davis RISE Eye-Pod Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Robert J Zawadzki
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA; UC Davis RISE Eye-Pod Small Animal Imaging Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - John S Werner
- Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
| | - Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA.
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Wang D, Zhang B, Shi H, Yang W, Bi MC, Song XF, Zhang C, Cheng JH, Hao JL, Song E. Effect of endothelial progenitor cells derived from human umbilical cord blood on oxygen-induced retinopathy in mice by intravitreal transplantation. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:1578-1583. [PMID: 27990359 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.11.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effect of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) labeled by carboxy fluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) on murine oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) by intravitreal transplantation. METHODS After isolated from human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells, EPCs were cultivated and then labeled with CFSE in vitro. C57BL/6J mice were placed to 75% hyperoxia chamber from P7 to P12 to establish OIR model. At P12, OIR mice were intravitreally injected with 1 µL suspension contained 2×105 EPCs (EPCs group) or isometric phosphate buffered saline (PBS group). The contralateral eye of each mice received no injection (OIR group). Evans blue angiography and frozen section were examined to track the labeled cells in OIR group at P15 and P19. Using retina paraffin sections and adenosinediphos phatase staining at P12 and P19, the effect of EPCs on OIR mice was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. RESULTS The retinas from EPCs group with less non-perfusion area and fewer peripheral tufts were observed at P19, comparing with that from PBS or OIR group. The retinopathy in EPCs group receded earlier with less non-ganglion cells and neovascular nuclei, together with relatively regular distribution. The counts of the neovascular nuclei at P19 were reduced by 44% or 45%, compared with those of OIR group or PBS group respectively. Three days after EPCs injection, a large number of EPCs appeared in the vitreous cavity and adhered to the retinal surface. While at one week, the cells gathered between the internal plexiform layer and the inner limiting membrane, and some EPCs appeared in retinal vessels. CONCLUSION EPCs transplantation can participate in the reparative procedure of the neovascularization in OIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ming-Chao Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiang-Fu Song
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jian-Hui Cheng
- Lixiang Eye Hospital, Soochow University, Soochow 215021, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ji-Long Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - E Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China; Lixiang Eye Hospital, Soochow University, Soochow 215021, Jiangsu Province, China
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Oner A, Gonen ZB, Sinim N, Cetin M, Ozkul Y. Subretinal adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell implantation in advanced stage retinitis pigmentosa: a phase I clinical safety study. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:178. [PMID: 27906070 PMCID: PMC5134260 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This prospective clinical case series aimed to investigate the safety of subretinal adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ADMSC) implantation in advanced stage retinitis pigmentosa (RP). METHODS This study included 11 patients with end-stage RP who received subretinal implantation of ADMSCs. All patients had a total visual field defect and five of them only had light perception. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the study was 20/2000. All patients had undetectable electroretinography (ERG). The worst eye of the patient was operated on and, after total vitrectomy with a 23 gauge, ADMSCs were injected subretinally. Patients were evaluated at day 1, at weeks 1-4, and then once a month for 6 months, postoperatively. BCVA, anterior segment and fundus examination, color photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were carried out at each visit. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), perimetry, and ERG recordings were performed before treatment and at the end of month 6, and anytime if necessary during the follow-up. RESULTS All 11 patients completed the 6-month follow-up. None of them had systemic complications. Five patients had no ocular complications. One of the patients experienced choroidal neovascular membrane (CNM) at the implantation site and received an intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drug once. Five patients had epiretinal membrane around the transplantation area and at the periphery, and received a second vitrectomy and silicon oil injection. There was no statistically significant difference in BCVA and ERG recordings from baseline. Only one patient experienced an improvement in visual acuity (from 20/2000 to 20/200), visual field, and ERG. Three patients mentioned that the light and some colors were brighter than before and there was a slight improvement in BCVA. The remaining seven patients had no BCVA improvement (five of them only had light perception before surgery). CONCLUSIONS Stem cell treatment with subretinal implantation of ADMSCs seems to have some ocular complications and should be applied with caution. The results of this study provide the first evidence of the short-term safety of ADMSCs in humans, and clarifies the complications of the therapy which would be beneficial for future studies. To optimize the cell delivery technique and to evaluate the effects of this therapy on visual acuity and the quality of life of these patients, future studies with a larger number of cases will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Oner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Z. Burcin Gonen
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Sinim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cetin
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozkul
- Genome and Stem Cell Center (GENKOK), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Stem Cell Therapy for Treatment of Ocular Disorders. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8304879. [PMID: 27293447 PMCID: PMC4884591 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8304879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustenance of visual function is the ultimate focus of ophthalmologists. Failure of complete recovery of visual function and complications that follow conventional treatments have shifted search to a new form of therapy using stem cells. Stem cell progenitors play a major role in replenishing degenerated cells despite being present in low quantity and quiescence in our body. Unlike other tissues and cells, regeneration of new optic cells responsible for visual function is rarely observed. Understanding the transcription factors and genes responsible for optic cells development will assist scientists in formulating a strategy to activate and direct stem cells renewal and differentiation. We review the processes of human eye development and address the strategies that have been exploited in an effort to regain visual function in the preclinical and clinical state. The update of clinical findings of patients receiving stem cell treatment is also presented.
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Buzhor E, Leshansky L, Blumenthal J, Barash H, Warshawsky D, Mazor Y, Shtrichman R. Cell-based therapy approaches: the hope for incurable diseases. Regen Med 2015; 9:649-72. [PMID: 25372080 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies aim to repair the mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression, achieved through trophic effect or by cell replacement. Multiple cell types can be utilized in such therapies, including stem, progenitor or primary cells. This review covers the current state of cell therapies designed for the prominent disorders, including cardiovascular, neurological (Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, spinal cord injury), autoimmune (Type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease), ophthalmologic, renal, liver and skeletal (osteoarthritis) diseases. Various cell therapies have reached advanced clinical trial phases with potential marketing approvals in the near future, many of which are based on mesenchymal stem cells. Advances in pluripotent stem cell research hold great promise for regenerative medicine. The information presented in this review is based on the analysis of the cell therapy collection detailed in LifeMap Discovery(®) (LifeMap Sciences Inc., USA) the database of embryonic development, stem cell research and regenerative medicine.
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Siqueira RC, Messias A, Messias K, Arcieri RS, Ruiz MA, Souza NF, Martins LC, Jorge R. Quality of life in patients with retinitis pigmentosa submitted to intravitreal use of bone marrow-derived stem cells (Reticell -clinical trial). Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:29. [PMID: 25890251 PMCID: PMC4393588 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0020-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a severe neurodegenerative disease of the retina that can lead to blindness. Even without treatment, a clinical study with the use of stem cells is currently underway and the results are being evaluated. In the present report we assess the vision-related quality of life in patients with RP submitted to intravitreal use of bone marrow-derived stem cells. METHOD The study included 20 patients with RP submitted to intravitreal use of bone marrow-derived stem cells. We evaluate the vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) of patients using the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25). Patients were scheduled to answer the questionnaire before treatment and 3 and 12 months after treatment. RESULTS All patients completed the survey as scheduled. There was a statistically significant improvement (P<0.05) in the quality of life of patients 3 months after treatment, whereas by the 12th month there was no statistically significant difference from baseline. CONCLUSIONS Cell therapy with intravitreal use of bone marrow-derived stem cells can improve the quality of life of patients with RP, although the improvement is lost with time. A larger number of cases will be necessary to evaluate the repercussions of this therapy on the quality of life of these patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01560715 . Registered March 19, 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubens C Siqueira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. .,Rubens Siqueira Research Center, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil. .,Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Andre Messias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Katharina Messias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Rafael S Arcieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Milton A Ruiz
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Beneficencia Portuguesa Hospital, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Neiglene F Souza
- Rubens Siqueira Research Center, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lia C Martins
- Discipline of Biology, Paulista University (UNIP), Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Jorge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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Brandl C, Grassmann F, Riolfi J, Weber BHF. Tapping Stem Cells to Target AMD: Challenges and Prospects. J Clin Med 2015; 4:282-303. [PMID: 26239128 PMCID: PMC4470125 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are increasingly gaining attention in biomedicine as valuable resources to establish patient-derived cell culture models of the cell type known to express the primary pathology. The idea of "a patient in a dish" aims at basic, but also clinical, applications with the promise to mimic individual genetic and metabolic complexities barely reflected in current invertebrate or vertebrate animal model systems. This may particularly be true for the inherited and complex diseases of the retina, as this tissue has anatomical and physiological aspects unique to the human eye. For example, the complex age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of blindness in Western societies, can be attributed to a large number of genetic and individual factors with so far unclear modes of mutual interaction. Here, we review the current status and future prospects of utilizing hPSCs, specifically induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), in basic and clinical AMD research, but also in assessing potential treatment options. We provide an outline of concepts for disease modelling and summarize ongoing and projected clinical trials for stem cell-based therapy in late-stage AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Brandl
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93042 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Felix Grassmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Julia Riolfi
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Bernhard H F Weber
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Garcia JM, Mendonça L, Brant R, Abud M, Regatieri C, Diniz B. Stem cell therapy for retinal diseases. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:160-4. [PMID: 25621115 PMCID: PMC4300926 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i1.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discuss about current knowledge about stem cell (SC) therapy in the treatment of retinal degeneration. Both human embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell has been growth in culture for a long time, and started to be explored in the treatment of blinding conditions. The Food and Drug Administration, recently, has granted clinical trials using SC retinal therapy to treat complex disorders, as Stargardt's dystrophy, and patients with geographic atrophy, providing good outcomes. This study's intent is to overview the critical regeneration of the subretinal anatomy through retinal pigment epithelium transplantation, with the goal of reestablish important pathways from the retina to the occipital cortex of the brain, as well as the differentiation from pluripotent quiescent SC to adult retina, and its relationship with a primary retinal injury, different techniques of transplantation, management of immune rejection and tumorigenicity, its potential application in improving patients' vision, and, finally, approaching future directions and challenges for the treatment of several conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Mauricio Garcia
- José Mauricio Garcia, Luisa Mendonça, Murilo Abud, Bruno Diniz, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Luisa Mendonça
- José Mauricio Garcia, Luisa Mendonça, Murilo Abud, Bruno Diniz, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Brant
- José Mauricio Garcia, Luisa Mendonça, Murilo Abud, Bruno Diniz, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Murilo Abud
- José Mauricio Garcia, Luisa Mendonça, Murilo Abud, Bruno Diniz, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Caio Regatieri
- José Mauricio Garcia, Luisa Mendonça, Murilo Abud, Bruno Diniz, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Bruno Diniz
- José Mauricio Garcia, Luisa Mendonça, Murilo Abud, Bruno Diniz, Department of Ophthalmology, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74001-970, Brazil
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Jian Q, Li Y, Yin ZQ. Rat BMSCs initiate retinal endogenous repair through NGF/TrkA signaling. Exp Eye Res 2015; 132:34-47. [PMID: 25584870 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Müller cells can completely repair retinal injury by acting as endogenous stem/progenitor cells in lower-order vertebrates. However, a safe and effective approach to activate progenitor potential of retinal Müller cells in higher-order vertebrates, which rarely re-enter the cell cycle, is a bottleneck problem. In the present study, Royal College of Surgeon's (RCS) rats were subjected to rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) subretinal space transplantation. Electroretinography (ERG) recordings showed that the b-wave amplitudes and ONL thicknesses statistically increased after transplantation. The number of Müller cells expressing proliferative, stem/progenitor and neuronal markers significantly increased after rBMSCs transplantation in vivo or after co-culturing with rBMSCs in vitro. The cultured rBMSCs could secrete nerve growth factor (NGF). In addition, we confirmed that NGF or NGF-neutralizing antibody could activate or depress Müller cells dedifferentiation, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, Müller cells expressing high levels of the NGF receptor neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 (TrkA) were observed in the retinas of rats transplanted with rBMSCs. Moreover, the protein expression of downstream elements of NGF/TrkA signaling, such as p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-CREB, increased in Müller cells in the retinas of rBMSCs-treated rats in vivo or in Müller cells co-cultured with rBMSCs in vitro. Blocking TrkA with K-252a reduced the number of dedifferentiated Müller cells and the expression of NGF/TrkA signaling in vitro. Thus, rBMSCs might initiate endogenous regenerative mechanisms, which may constitute a new therapeutic strategy for retinal dystrophic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jian
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yaochen Li
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Zheng Qin Yin
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Chongqing 400038, China.
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25
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Muñiz A, Greene WA, Plamper ML, Choi JH, Johnson AJ, Tsin AT, Wang HC. Retinoid uptake, processing, and secretion in human iPS-RPE support the visual cycle. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2014; 55:198-209. [PMID: 24255038 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-11740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinal pigmented epithelium derived from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (iPS-RPE) may be a source of cells for transplantation. For this reason, it is essential to determine the functional competence of iPS-RPE. One key role of the RPE is uptake and processing of retinoids via the visual cycle. The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of visual cycle proteins and the functional ability of the visual cycle in iPS-RPE. METHODS iPS-RPE was derived from human iPS cells. Immunocytochemistry, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis were used to detect expression of RPE genes lecithin-retinol acyl transferase (LRAT), RPE65, cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein (CRALBP), and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF). All-trans retinol was delivered to cultured cells or whole cell homogenate to assess the ability of the iPS-RPE to process retinoids. RESULTS Cultured iPS-RPE expresses visual cycle genes LRAT, CRALBP, and RPE65. After incubation with all-trans retinol, iPS-RPE synthesized up to 2942 ± 551 pmol/mg protein all-trans retinyl esters. Inhibition of LRAT with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) prevented retinyl ester synthesis. Significantly, after incubation with all-trans retinol, iPS-RPE released 188 ± 88 pmol/mg protein 11-cis retinaldehyde into the culture media. CONCLUSIONS iPS-RPE develops classic RPE characteristics and maintains expression of visual cycle proteins. The results of this study confirm that iPS-RPE possesses the machinery to process retinoids for support of visual pigment regeneration. Inhibition of all-trans retinyl ester accumulation by NEM confirms LRAT is active in iPS-RPE. Finally, the detection of 11-cis retinaldehyde in the culture medium demonstrates the cells' ability to process retinoids through the visual cycle. This study demonstrates expression of key visual cycle machinery and complete visual cycle activity in iPS-RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Muñiz
- Ocular Trauma, U.S. Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, Houston, Texas
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Song WT, Zhang XY, Xia XB. Atoh7 promotes the differentiation of retinal stem cells derived from Müller cells into retinal ganglion cells by inhibiting Notch signaling. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:94. [PMID: 23945288 PMCID: PMC3854761 DOI: 10.1186/scrt305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Retinal Müller cells exhibit the characteristics of retinal progenitor cells, and differentiate into ganglion cells under certain conditions. However, the number of ganglion cells differentiated from retinal Müller cells falls far short of therapeutic needs. This study aimed to develop a novel protocol to promote the differentiation of retinal Müller cells into ganglion cells and explore the underlying signaling mechanisms. Methods Müller cells were isolated and purified from rat retina and induced to dedifferentiate into retinal stem cells. Next the stem cells were transfected with lentivirus PGC-FU-GFP or lentivirus PGC-FU-Atoh7-GFP. In addition, the stem cells were transfected with Brn-3b siRNA or Isl-1 siRNA or treated with Notch inhibitor gamma-secretase inhibitor (GSI). Results The proportion of ganglion cells differentiated from Atoh7-tranfected stem cells was significantly higher than that of controls. Knockdown of Brn-3b or Isl-1 inhibited, while GSI promoted, the differentiation into retinal ganglion cells. Atoh7 promoted the expression of Brn-3b and Isl-1 but inhibited the expression of Notch1. Conclusions Atoh7 promotes the differentiation of Müller cells-derived retinal stem cells into retinal ganglion cells by inhibiting Notch signaling, thus opening up a new avenue for gene therapy and optic nerve regeneration in glaucoma.
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Siqueira RC. Stem cell therapy in retinal diseases? Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2013; 34:222-6. [PMID: 23049424 PMCID: PMC3459631 DOI: 10.5581/1516-8484.20120054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Chen S, Liu S, Xu L, Yang L, Jin Z, Ma Y, Li B, Wu X, Yang J, Ma Y, Li Y. The characteristic expression pattern of BMI-1 and SALL4 genes in placenta tissue and cord blood. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:49. [PMID: 23632167 PMCID: PMC3706899 DOI: 10.1186/scrt199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction SALL4 and BMI-1 are important factors in hematopoiesis. Placental tissue (PT) and umbilical cord blood (CB) are rich in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSCs/HPCs), but their SALL4 and BMI-1 expression levels remain unknown. Methods Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression level of these genes in PT and CB from ten cases, and ten healthy donors were used as controls. Results A significantly higher BMI-1 and SALL4 gene expression level was found in PT (median: 17.548 and 34.362, respectively) than in cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs) (median: 2.071 and 11.300, respectively) (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.007) and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (median: 0.259 and 0.384, respectively) (P = 0.001 and P <0.0001), and their expression level was lower in PBMCs than in CBMCs (P = 0.029 and P = 0.002). A positive correlation between the BMI-1 and SALL4 genes was found in the PT and CB groups, while there was no significant correlation between these genes in the healthy group. There was also no significant correlation between the expression level of each gene in PT and CB. Conclusions These results describe the characteristic features of the BMI-1 and SALL4 gene expression pattern in placental tissue and cord blood. Placental tissue with higher expression level of both genes may be considered as a potential resource for SALL4-related HPC expansion.
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Siqueira RC, Messias A, Voltarelli JC, Messias K, Arcieri RS, Jorge R. Resolution of macular oedema associated with retinitis pigmentosa after intravitreal use of autologous BM-derived hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 48:612-3. [PMID: 23000646 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
AbstractCentral nervous system (CNS) injuries affect all levels of society indiscriminately, resulting in functional and behavioral deficits with devastating impacts on life expectancies, physical and emotional wellbeing. Considerable literature exists describing the pathophysiology of CNS injuries as well as the cellular and molecular factors that inhibit regrowth and regeneration of damaged connections. Based on these data, numerous therapeutic strategies targeting the various factors of repair inhibition have been proposed and on-going assessment has demonstrated some promising results in the laboratory environ. However, several of these treatment strategies have subsequently been taken into clinical trials but demonstrated little to no improvement in patient outcomes. As a result, options for clinical interventions following CNS injuries remain limited and effective restorative treatment strategies do not as yet exist. This review discusses some of the current animal models, with focus on nonhuman primates, which are currently being modeled in the laboratory for the study of CNS injuries. Last, we review the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying repair/regrowth inhibition and the current trends in experimental treatment strategies that are being assessed for potential translation to clinical applications.
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