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Niu C, Li M, Chen Y, Zhang X, Zhu S, Zhou X, Zhou L, Li Z, Xu J, Hu JF, Wang Y, Cui J. LncRNA NCAL1 potentiates natural killer cell cytotoxicity through the Gab2-PI3K-AKT pathway. Front Immunol 2022; 13:970195. [PMID: 36248894 PMCID: PMC9554105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.970195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells perform immune surveillance functions in tumors. The antitumor effects of NK cells are closely related to tumor occurrence and development. However, the molecular factors that determine NK cell antitumor activity remain to be characterized. In the present study, we identified a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), NK cell activity-associated lncRNA 1 (NCAL1), and investigated its function in NK cells. NCAL1 was primarily located in NK cell nuclei, where it functioned by activating Gab2, a scaffold protein with an essential role in immune cells. Gab2 positively regulated the killing activity of NK cells. Mechanistically, NCAL1 upregulated Gab2 epigenetically by binding to the Gab2 promoter, which decreased methylation, recruited the transcription factor Sp1, and increased H3K4me3 and H3K27ac levels in the Gab2 promoter. Furthermore, NCAL1 enhanced the cytotoxicity of NK cells toward tumor cells through the Gab2-PI3K-AKT pathway. Thus, NCAL1 potentiates NK cell cytotoxicity and is a promising therapeutic target to improve NK cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Niu
- Department of Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongchong Chen
- Department of Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shan Zhu
- Department of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Cancer Institute, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaozhi Li
- Department of Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianting Xu
- Department of Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ji-fan Hu
- Department of Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Stanford University Medical School, Veterans Affairs (VA) Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jiuwei Cui, ; Yufeng Wang, ; Ji-fan Hu, ;
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Cancer Institute, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Jiuwei Cui, ; Yufeng Wang, ; Ji-fan Hu, ;
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Department of Cancer Center, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Jiuwei Cui, ; Yufeng Wang, ; Ji-fan Hu, ;
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2
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Halbur C, Choudhury N, Chen M, Kim JH, Chung EJ. siRNA-Conjugated Nanoparticles to Treat Ovarian Cancer. SLAS Technol 2019; 24:137-150. [PMID: 30616494 DOI: 10.1177/2472630318816668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth-most lethal cancer among women due to a lack of early detection and late-stage treatment options, and it is responsible for more than 14,000 deaths each year in the United States. Recently, there have been advances in RNA interference therapy, specifically with small interfering RNA (siRNA), to reduce tumor burden for ovarian cancer via gene down-regulation. However, delivery of siRNA poses its own challenges, as siRNA is unstable in circulation, is unable to be effectively internalized by cells, and may cause toxicity in off-target sites. To address such challenges, nanoparticle carriers have emerged as delivery platforms for the biocompatible, targeted delivery of siRNA-based therapies. Several preclinical studies have shown the promising effects of siRNA therapy to reduce chemotherapy resistance and proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. This review evaluates the recent advances, clinical applications, and future potential of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of siRNA therapeutics to target genes implicated in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Halbur
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Niharika Choudhury
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael Chen
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jun Hyuk Kim
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eun Ji Chung
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,2 Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,3 Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,4 Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,5 Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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3
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Wang L, Wu W, Wang J, Wang J, Tong X, Hu Q, Qi L. Highly efficient Gab2 siRNA delivery to ovarian cancer cells mediated by chitosan–polyethyleneimine nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:273-281. [PMID: 32263369 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb01238d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a serious complication which causes high death rate and low quality of life (QOL) for patients diagnosed at an advanced stage of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji University
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200065
- China
| | - Weimin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji University
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200065
- China
| | - Jingshuai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji University
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200065
- China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji University
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200065
- China
| | - Xiaowen Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- Tongji Hospital of Tongji University
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200065
- China
| | - Qiaoling Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Lifeng Qi
- East Hospital
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Nano Science
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200092
- China
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4
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Wöhrle FU, Daly RJ, Brummer T. Function, regulation and pathological roles of the Gab/DOS docking proteins. Cell Commun Signal 2009; 7:22. [PMID: 19737390 PMCID: PMC2747914 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery a little more than a decade ago, the docking proteins of the Gab/DOS family have emerged as important signalling elements in metazoans. Gab/DOS proteins integrate and amplify signals from a wide variety of sources including growth factor, cytokine and antigen receptors as well as cell adhesion molecules. They also contribute to signal diversification by channelling the information from activated receptors into signalling pathways with distinct biological functions. Recent approaches in protein biochemistry and systems biology have revealed that Gab proteins are subject to complex regulation by feed-forward and feedback phosphorylation events as well as protein-protein interactions. Thus, Gab/DOS docking proteins are at the centre of entire signalling subsystems and fulfil an important if not essential role in many physiological processes. Furthermore, aberrant signalling by Gab proteins has been increasingly linked to human diseases from various forms of neoplasia to Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the structure, effector functions, regulation and evolution of the Gab/DOS family. We also summarize recent findings implicating Gab proteins, in particular the Gab2 isoform, in leukaemia, solid tumours and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska U Wöhrle
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany.
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5
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Ikram MA, Liu F, Oostra BA, Hofman A, van Duijn CM, Breteler MMB. The GAB2 gene and the risk of Alzheimer's disease: replication and meta-analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 65:995-9. [PMID: 19118819 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, GAB2 has been suggested to modify the risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) among APOEepsilon4 carriers. However, replication data are inconsistent. METHODS In a population-based cohort study (n = 5507; age > 55) with 443 incident AD cases, we investigated the association between rs4945261 and AD. Because we used high-density genotyping, we also investigated other polymorphisms within and around GAB2 and performed a meta-analysis with published studies. RESULTS We found that rs4945261 was associated with AD among APOEepsilon4 carriers (p = .02) but not among noncarriers (p = .26). Fifteen of the 20 remaining polymorphisms within GAB2 and several polymorphisms in the 250kbp-region surrounding GAB2 were also associated with AD among carriers and only one among noncarriers. For rs2373115, meta-analysis yielded an odds ratio of 1.58 (1.17-2.14) with p = 3.0 * 10(-3) among carriers and 1.09 (.97-1.23) with p = .16 among noncarriers. For rs4945261, the pooled odds ratio was 1.75 (1.21-2.55) with p = 3.0 * 10(-3) among carriers and 1.20 (1.01-1.41) with p = .03 among noncarriers. CONCLUSIONS We found GAB2 to be associated with AD. Furthermore, the meta-analysis also suggests that GAB2 modifies the risk of AD in APOEepsilon4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, The Netherlands
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Maus M, Medgyesi D, Kövesdi D, Csuka D, Koncz G, Sármay G. Grb2 associated binder 2 couples B-cell receptor to cell survival. Cell Signal 2008; 21:220-7. [PMID: 18950707 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 09/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
B-cell fate during maturation and the germinal center reaction is regulated through the strength and the duration of the B-cell receptor signal. Signaling pathways discriminating between apoptosis and survival in B cells are keys in understanding adaptive immunity. Gab2 is a member of the Gab/Dos adaptor protein family. It has been shown in several model systems that Gab/Dos family members may regulate both the anti-apoptotic PI3-K/Akt and the mitogenic Ras/MAPK pathways, still their role in B-cells have not been investigated in detail. Here we studied the role of Gab2 in B-cell receptor mediated signaling. We have shown that BCR crosslinking induces the marked phosphorylation of Gab2 through both Lyn and Syk kinases. Subsequently Gab2 recruits p85 regulatory subunit of PI3-K, and SHP-2. Our results revealed that Ig-alpha/Ig-beta, signal transducing unit of the B-cell receptor, may function as scaffold recruiting Gab2 to the signalosome. Overexpression of Gab2 in A20 cells demonstrated that Gab2 is a regulator of the PI3-K/Akt but not that of the Ras/MAPK pathway in B cells. Accordingly to the elevated Akt phosphorylation, overexpression of wild-type Gab2 in A20 cells suppressed Fas-mediated apoptosis, and enhanced BCR-mediated rescue from Fas-induced cell death. Although PH-domain has only a stabilizing effect on membrane recruitment of Gab2, it is indispensable in mediating its anti-apoptotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Maus
- Department of Immunology at Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány. 1/c, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
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7
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Kim N, Saudemont A, Webb L, Camps M, Ruckle T, Hirsch E, Turner M, Colucci F. The p110delta catalytic isoform of PI3K is a key player in NK-cell development and cytokine secretion. Blood 2007; 110:3202-8. [PMID: 17644738 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-02-075366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe signal transduction pathways that lead activated natural killer (NK) cells to produce cytokines, releases cytotoxic granules, or do both, are not clearly dissected. For example, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are key players in the execution of both functions, but the relative contribution of each isoform is unknown. We show here that the catalytic isoform p110δ, not p110γ, was required for interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secretion, whereas neither was necessary for cytotoxicity. Yet, when both p110δ and p110γ isoforms were inactivated by a combination of genetic and biochemical approaches, cytotoxicity was decreased. NK-cell numbers were also affected by the lack of p110δ but not p110γ and more severely so in mice lacking both subunits. These results provide genetic evidence that p110δ is the dominant PI3K isoform for cytokine secretion by NK cells and suggest that PI3Ks cooperate during NK-cell development and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayoung Kim
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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8
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Reiman EM, Webster JA, Myers AJ, Hardy J, Dunckley T, Zismann VL, Joshipura KD, Pearson JV, Hu-Lince D, Huentelman MJ, Craig DW, Coon KD, Liang WS, Herbert RH, Beach T, Rohrer KC, Zhao AS, Leung D, Bryden L, Marlowe L, Kaleem M, Mastroeni D, Grover A, Heward CB, Ravid R, Rogers J, Hutton ML, Melquist S, Petersen RC, Alexander GE, Caselli RJ, Kukull W, Papassotiropoulos A, Stephan DA. GAB2 alleles modify Alzheimer's risk in APOE epsilon4 carriers. Neuron 2007; 54:713-20. [PMID: 17553421 PMCID: PMC2587162 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele is the best established genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). We conducted genome-wide surveys of 502,627 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to characterize and confirm other LOAD susceptibility genes. In epsilon4 carriers from neuropathologically verified discovery, neuropathologically verified replication, and clinically characterized replication cohorts of 1411 cases and controls, LOAD was associated with six SNPs from the GRB-associated binding protein 2 (GAB2) gene and a common haplotype encompassing the entire GAB2 gene. SNP rs2373115 (p = 9 x 10(-11)) was associated with an odds ratio of 4.06 (confidence interval 2.81-14.69), which interacts with APOE epsilon4 to further modify risk. GAB2 was overexpressed in pathologically vulnerable neurons; the Gab2 protein was detected in neurons, tangle-bearing neurons, and dystrophic neuritis; and interference with GAB2 gene expression increased tau phosphorylation. Our findings suggest that GAB2 modifies LOAD risk in APOE epsilon4 carriers and influences Alzheimer's neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M. Reiman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
- *Correspondence: (E.M.R.), (D.A.S.)
| | - Jennifer A. Webster
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | - Amanda J. Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John Hardy
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Reta Lila Weston Laboratories, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N, 3BG, England
| | - Travis Dunckley
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | - Victoria L. Zismann
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | - Keta D. Joshipura
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | - John V. Pearson
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | - Diane Hu-Lince
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | - Matthew J. Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | - David W. Craig
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | - Keith D. Coon
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Division of Thoracic Oncology Research, St. Joseph’s Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | - Winnie S. Liang
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | - RiLee H. Herbert
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | - Thomas Beach
- Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | - Kristen C. Rohrer
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alice S. Zhao
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Doris Leung
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Leslie Bryden
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lauren Marlowe
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mona Kaleem
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Andrew Grover
- Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | | | - Rivka Ravid
- Netherlands Institute for Neurosciences, Dutch Royal Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47 AB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph Rogers
- Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ 85351, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | - Michael L. Hutton
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Stacey Melquist
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Ron C. Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gene E. Alexander
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | - Richard J. Caselli
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
| | - Walter Kukull
- National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andreas Papassotiropoulos
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Division of Molecular Psychology and Life Sciences Training Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dietrich A. Stephan
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85006, USA
- Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix AZ 85006, USA
- *Correspondence: (E.M.R.), (D.A.S.)
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Frigault MM, Naujokas MA, Park M. Gab2 requires membrane targeting and the met binding motif to promote lamellipodia, cell scatter, and epithelial morphogenesis downstream from the met receptor. J Cell Physiol 2007; 214:694-705. [PMID: 17894413 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gab1 and Gab2 are conserved scaffolding proteins that amplify and integrate signals stimulated by many growth factor receptors including the Met receptor. Gab1 acts to diversify the signal downstream from Met through the recruitment of multiple signaling proteins, and is essential for epithelial morphogenesis. However, whereas Gab1 and Gab2 are both expressed in epithelial cells, Gab2 fails to support a morphogenic response. We demonstrate that Gab1 and Gab2 are divergent in their function whereby Gab1, but not Gab2, promotes lamellipodia formation, and is localized to the membrane of lamellipodia upon Met activation. We have identified activation of ERK1/2 as a requirement for lamellipodia formation. Moreover, activated ERK1/2 are localized to lamellipodia in Gab1 expressing cells but not in cells that overexpress Gab2. By structure-function studies, we identify that enhanced membrane localization conferred through the addition of a myristoylation signal, together with the addition of the direct Met binding motif (MBM) from Gab1, are required to promote lamellipodia and confer a morphogenic signaling response to Gab2. Moreover, the morphogenesis competent myristoylated Gab2MBM promotes localization of activated ERK1/2 to the leading edge of lamellipodia in a similar manner to Gab1. Hence, subcellular localization of the Gab scaffold, as well as the ability of Gab to interact directly with the Met receptor, are both essential components of the morphogenic signaling response which involves lamellipodia formation and the localization of ERK1/2 activation in membrane ruffles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Frigault
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Oncology Group, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Stewart CA, Vivier E, Colonna M. Strategies of natural killer cell recognition and signaling. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2006; 298:1-21. [PMID: 16329183 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-27743-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The participation of natural killer (NK) cells in multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune responses is supported by the wide array of stimulatory and inhibitory receptors they bear. Here we review the receptor-ligand interactions and subsequent signaling events that culminate in NK effector responses. Whereas some receptor-ligand interactions result in activation of both NK cytotoxicity and cytokine production, others have more subtle effects, selectively activating only one pathway or having distinct context-dependent effects. Recent approaches offer ways to unravel how the integration of complex signaling networks directs the NK response.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Stewart
- Lab of NK Cells and Innate Immunity, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, INSERM-CNRS-Univ. Méditerranée, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France.
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11
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Zompi S, Colucci F. Anatomy of a murder—signal transduction pathways leading to activation of natural killer cells. Immunol Lett 2005; 97:31-9. [PMID: 15626473 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2004] [Revised: 09/15/2004] [Accepted: 10/08/2004] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells control the early phases of viral infections, modulate antigen-specific immune responses, and participate in the rejection of tumours and bone marrow grafts. A fine balance between inhibitory and activating receptors tightly regulates NK cell activation. Biochemical studies in human cell lines and primary cells have revealed some of the activating NK cell signalling pathways, however animal models are instrumental to understand the physiological implications of these findings for immune responses in vivo. Gene targeting in mice and biochemical studies in cells are helping to dissect out the various signal transduction pathways that control NK cell activation. A clearer view of these pathways may eventually help designing more effective immune therapies based on the use of NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zompi
- Cytokines and Lymphoid Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, 25-28 rue Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
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