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Guerra-Espinosa C, Jiménez-Fernández M, Sánchez-Madrid F, Serrador JM. ICAMs in Immunity, Intercellular Adhesion and Communication. Cells 2024; 13:339. [PMID: 38391953 PMCID: PMC10886500 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions among leukocytes and leukocytes with immune-associated auxiliary cells represent an essential feature of the immune response that requires the involvement of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). In the immune system, CAMs include a wide range of members pertaining to different structural and functional families involved in cell development, activation, differentiation and migration. Among them, β2 integrins (LFA-1, Mac-1, p150,95 and αDβ2) are predominantly involved in homotypic and heterotypic leukocyte adhesion. β2 integrins bind to intercellular (I)CAMs, actin cytoskeleton-linked receptors belonging to immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF)-CAMs expressed by leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells, enabling leukocyte activation and transendothelial migration. β2 integrins have long been viewed as the most important ICAMs partners, propagating intracellular signalling from β2 integrin-ICAM adhesion receptor interaction. In this review, we present previous evidence from pioneering studies and more recent findings supporting an important role for ICAMs in signal transduction. We also discuss the contribution of immune ICAMs (ICAM-1, -2, and -3) to reciprocal cell signalling and function in processes in which β2 integrins supposedly take the lead, paying particular attention to T cell activation, differentiation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guerra-Espinosa
- Immune System Development and Function Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - María Jiménez-Fernández
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.-F.); (F.S.-M.)
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 29029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Madrid
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.J.-F.); (F.S.-M.)
- Vascular Pathophysiology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 29029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M. Serrador
- Immune System Development and Function Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
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Ban M, Bredikhin D, Huang Y, Bonder MJ, Katarzyna K, Oliver AJ, Wilson NK, Coupland P, Hadfield J, Göttgens B, Madissoon E, Stegle O, Sawcer S. Expression profiling of cerebrospinal fluid identifies dysregulated antiviral mechanisms in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2024; 147:554-565. [PMID: 38038362 PMCID: PMC10834244 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the overwhelming evidence that multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease, relatively little is known about the precise nature of the immune dysregulation underlying the development of the disease. Reasoning that the CSF from patients might be enriched for cells relevant in pathogenesis, we have completed a high-resolution single-cell analysis of 96 732 CSF cells collected from 33 patients with multiple sclerosis (n = 48 675) and 48 patients with other neurological diseases (n = 48 057). Completing comprehensive cell type annotation, we identified a rare population of CD8+ T cells, characterized by the upregulation of inhibitory receptors, increased in patients with multiple sclerosis. Applying a Multi-Omics Factor Analysis to these single-cell data further revealed that activity in pathways responsible for controlling inflammatory and type 1 interferon responses are altered in multiple sclerosis in both T cells and myeloid cells. We also undertook a systematic search for expression quantitative trait loci in the CSF cells. Of particular interest were two expression quantitative trait loci in CD8+ T cells that were fine mapped to multiple sclerosis susceptibility variants in the viral control genes ZC3HAV1 (rs10271373) and IFITM2 (rs1059091). Further analysis suggests that these associations likely reflect genetic effects on RNA splicing and cell-type specific gene expression respectively. Collectively, our study suggests that alterations in viral control mechanisms might be important in the development of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ban
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Danila Bredikhin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuanhua Huang
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kania Katarzyna
- University of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Amanda J Oliver
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nicola K Wilson
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Paul Coupland
- University of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - James Hadfield
- University of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
- Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Elo Madissoon
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Stephen Sawcer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Lin X, Dong Y, Gu Y, Wei F, Peng J, Su Y, Wang Y, Yang C, Neira SV, Kapoor A, Tang D. Taxifolin Inhibits the Growth of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer via Downregulating Genes Displaying Novel and Robust Associations with Immune Evasion Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4818. [PMID: 37835514 PMCID: PMC10571863 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an LL2 cell-based syngeneic mouse LC model, taxifolin suppressed allografts along with the appearance of 578 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These DEGs were associated with enhancement of processes related to the extracellular matrix and lymphocyte chemotaxis as well as the reduction in pathways relevant to cell proliferation. From these DEGs, we formulated 12-gene (TxflSig) and 7-gene (TxflSig1) panels; both predicted response to ICB (immune checkpoint blockade) therapy more effectively in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) than numerous well-established ICB biomarkers, including PD-L1. In both panels, the mouse counterparts of ITGAL, ITGAX, and TMEM119 genes were downregulated by taxifolin. They were strongly associated with immune suppression in LC, evidenced by their robust correlations with the major immunosuppressive cell types (MDSC, Treg, and macrophage) and multiple immune checkpoints in NSCLC and across multiple human cancer types. ITGAL, ITGAX, and IIT (ITGAL-ITGAX-TMEM119) effectively predicted NSCLC's response to ICB therapy; IIT stratified the mortality risk of NSCLC. The stromal expressions of ITGAL and ITGAX, together with tumor expression of TMEM119 in NSCLC, were demonstrated. Collectively, we report multiple novel ICB biomarkers-TxflSig, TxflSig1, IIT, ITGAL, and ITGAX-and taxifolin-derived attenuation of immunosuppressive activities in NSCLC, suggesting the inclusion of taxifolin in ICB therapies for NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozeng Lin
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (J.P.); (Y.S.); (S.V.N.); (A.K.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (J.P.); (Y.S.); (S.V.N.); (A.K.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yan Gu
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (J.P.); (Y.S.); (S.V.N.); (A.K.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- The Genetics Laboratory, Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Longgang District, Shenzhen 518174, China;
| | - Jingyi Peng
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (J.P.); (Y.S.); (S.V.N.); (A.K.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yingying Su
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (J.P.); (Y.S.); (S.V.N.); (A.K.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Yanjun Wang
- Jilin Jianwei Songkou Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Changchun 510664, China;
| | - Chengzhi Yang
- Benda International Inc., Ottawa, ON K1X 0C1, Canada;
| | - Sandra Vega Neira
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (J.P.); (Y.S.); (S.V.N.); (A.K.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (J.P.); (Y.S.); (S.V.N.); (A.K.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (X.L.); (Y.D.); (Y.G.); (J.P.); (Y.S.); (S.V.N.); (A.K.)
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe’s Hamilton, St Joseph’s Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
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Gérard A, Cope AP, Kemper C, Alon R, Köchl R. LFA-1 in T cell priming, differentiation, and effector functions. Trends Immunol 2021; 42:706-722. [PMID: 34266767 PMCID: PMC10734378 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The integrin LFA-1 is crucial for T cell entry into mammalian lymph nodes and tissues, and for promoting interactions with antigen-presenting cells (APCs). However, it is increasingly evident that LFA-1 has additional key roles beyond the mere support of adhesion between T cells, the endothelium, and/or APCs. These include roles in homotypic T cell-T cell (T-T) communication, the induction of intracellular complement activity underlying Th1 effector cell polarization, and the support of long-lasting T cell memory. Here, we briefly summarize current knowledge of LFA-1 biology, discuss novel cytoskeletal regulators of LFA-1 functions, and review new aspects of LFA-1 mechanobiology that are relevant to its function in immunological synapses and in specific pathologies arising from LFA-1 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gérard
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Kemper
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institute of Health (NIH), Complement and Inflammation Research Section (CIRS), Bethesda, MD, USA; Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ronen Alon
- The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Robert Köchl
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK.
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Uhl LFK, Gérard A. Modes of Communication between T Cells and Relevance for Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2674. [PMID: 32290500 PMCID: PMC7215318 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are essential mediators of the adaptive immune system, which constantly patrol the body in search for invading pathogens. During an infection, T cells that recognise the pathogen are recruited, expand and differentiate into subtypes tailored to the infection. In addition, they differentiate into subsets required for short and long-term control of the pathogen, i.e., effector or memory. T cells have a remarkable degree of plasticity and heterogeneity in their response, however, their overall response to a given infection is consistent and robust. Much research has focused on how individual T cells are activated and programmed. However, in order to achieve a critical level of population-wide reproducibility and robustness, neighbouring cells and surrounding tissues have to provide or amplify relevant signals to tune the overall response accordingly. The characteristics of the immune response-stochastic on the individual cell level, robust on the global level-necessitate coordinated responses on a system-wide level, which facilitates the control of pathogens, while maintaining self-tolerance. This global coordination can only be achieved by constant cellular communication between responding cells, and faults in this intercellular crosstalk can potentially lead to immunopathology or autoimmunity. In this review, we will discuss how T cells mount a global, collective response, by describing the modes of T cell-T cell (T-T) communication they use and highlighting their physiological relevance in programming and controlling the T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Audrey Gérard
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK;
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Sun Q, Zhang Q, Xiao H, Cui H, Su B. Significance of the frequency of CD4+CD25+CD127- T-cells in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus. Respirology 2013; 17:876-82. [PMID: 22524702 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus (DM) are closely associated. The objective of this study was to determine whether the expression of CD4+CD25+CD127- T-cells (regulatory T-cells (Treg)) is associated with diabetic pulmonary tuberculosis. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to determine the frequencies of CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25+CD127- T-cells in peripheral blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and pleural effusions from 120 patients (30 with pulmonary tuberculosis and DM (TBDM), 30 with pulmonary tuberculosis without DM (TB), 30 with tuberculous pleurisy without DM (TBP) and 30 healthy volunteers). The concentrations of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-10 in BALF and pleural effusions were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Treg frequencies in peripheral blood were significantly higher in patients with TBDM, TB and TBP than in the control group, with the frequency in TBDM being the highest (P < 0.01 for all). In TBP patients, Treg frequencies were significantly lower in pleural effusions than in peripheral blood. In TB patients, Treg frequencies in BALF and peripheral blood were not significantly different. However, in TBDM patients, Treg frequencies were significantly higher in BALF than in peripheral blood. IL-10 expression was significantly higher, and IFN-γ expression was significantly lower in BALF of TBDM patients compared with BALF and pleural effusions of TB patients. CONCLUSIONS In patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and DM, the imbalance between Treg and effector T-cells at pathological sites may be associated with weakened immunity and clinical manifestations of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Sun
- Departments of Tuberculosis, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital Affiliated with Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gérard A, Beemiller P, Friedman RS, Jacobelli J, Krummel MF. Evolving immune circuits are generated by flexible, motile, and sequential immunological synapses. Immunol Rev 2013; 251:80-96. [PMID: 23278742 PMCID: PMC3539221 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is made up of a diverse collection of cells, each of which has distinct sets of triggers that elicit unique and overlapping responses. It is correctly described as a 'system' because its overall properties (e.g. 'tolerance', 'allergy') emerge from multiple interactions of its components cells. To mobilize a response where needed, the majority of the cells of the system are obligatorily highly motile and so must communicate with one another over both time and space. Here, we discuss the flexibility of the primary immunological synapse (IS) with respect to motility. We then consider the primary IS as an initiating module that licenses 'immunological circuits': the latter consisting of two or more cell-cell synaptic interactions. We discuss how two or three component immunological circuits interact might with one another in sequence and how the timing, stoichiometry, milieu, and duration of assembly of immunological circuits are likely to be key determinants in the emergent outcome and thus the system-wide immune response. An evolving consideration of immunological circuits, with an emphasis on the cell-cell modules that complement T-antigen-presenting cell interaction, provides a fundamental starting point for systems analysis of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Gérard
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0511, USA
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Efalizumab modulates T cell function both in vivo and in vitro. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 60:159-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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