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Crowley SJ, Kanel P, Roytman S, Bohnen NI, Hampstead BM. Basal forebrain integrity, cholinergic innervation and cognition in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Brain 2024; 147:1799-1808. [PMID: 38109781 PMCID: PMC11068112 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Most individuals with Parkinson's disease experience cognitive decline. Mounting evidence suggests this is partially caused by cholinergic denervation due to α-synuclein pathology in the cholinergic basal forebrain. Alpha-synuclein deposition causes inflammation, which can be measured with free water fraction, a diffusion MRI-derived metric of extracellular water. Prior studies have shown an association between basal forebrain integrity and cognition, cholinergic levels and cognition, and basal forebrain volume and acetylcholine, but no study has directly investigated whether basal forebrain physiology mediates the relationship between acetylcholine and cognition in Parkinson's disease. We investigated the relationship between these variables in a cross-sectional analysis of 101 individuals with Parkinson's disease. Cholinergic levels were measured using fluorine-18 fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol (18F-FEOBV) PET imaging. Cholinergic innervation regions of interest included the medial, lateral capsular and lateral perisylvian regions and the hippocampus. Brain volume and free water fraction were quantified using T1 and diffusion MRI, respectively. Cognitive measures included composites of attention/working memory, executive function, immediate memory and delayed memory. Data were entered into parallel mediation analyses with the cholinergic projection areas as predictors, cholinergic basal forebrain volume and free water fraction as mediators and each cognitive domain as outcomes. All mediation analyses controlled for age, years of education, levodopa equivalency dose and systolic blood pressure. The basal forebrain integrity metrics fully mediated the relationship between lateral capsular and lateral perisylvian acetylcholine and attention/working memory, and partially mediated the relationship between medial acetylcholine and attention/working memory. Basal forebrain integrity metrics fully mediated the relationship between medial, lateral capsular and lateral perisylvian acetylcholine and free water fraction. For all mediations in attention/working memory and executive function, the free water mediation was significant, while the volume mediation was not. The basal forebrain integrity metrics fully mediated the relationship between hippocampal acetylcholine and delayed memory and partially mediated the relationship between lateral capsular and lateral perisylvian acetylcholine and delayed memory. The volume mediation was significant for the hippocampal and lateral perisylvian models, while free water fraction was not. Free water fraction in the cholinergic basal forebrain mediated the relationship between acetylcholine and attention/working memory and executive function, while cholinergic basal forebrain volume mediated the relationship between acetylcholine in temporal regions in memory. These findings suggest that these two metrics reflect different stages of neurodegenerative processes and add additional evidence for a relationship between pathology in the basal forebrain, acetylcholine denervation and cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Crowley
- Research Program on Cognition and Neuromodulation Based Interventions, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Mental Health Service, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Prabesh Kanel
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stiven Roytman
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Nicolaas I Bohnen
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Parkinson’s Foundation Center of Excellence, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neurology Service and GRECC, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Benjamin M Hampstead
- Research Program on Cognition and Neuromodulation Based Interventions, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Mental Health Service, Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Crocetti L, Catarzi F, Giovannoni MP, Vergelli C, Bartolucci G, Pallecchi M, Paoli P, Rossi P, Lippi M, Schepetkin IA, Quinn MT, Guerrini G. Ebselen analogues with dual human neutrophil elastase (HNE) inhibitory and antiradical activity. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1247-1257. [PMID: 38665832 PMCID: PMC11042244 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00736g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) plays an essential role in host defense against bacteria but is also involved in several respiratory diseases. Recent reports suggest that compounds exhibiting a combination of HNE inhibitory activity with antiradical properties may be therapeutically beneficial for the treatment of respiratory diseases involving inflammation and oxidative stress. We report here the synthesis and biological evaluation of novel ebselen analogues exhibiting HNE inhibitory and antiradical activities. HNE inhibition was evaluated in an enzymatic system using human HNE, whereas antiradical activity was evaluated in a cell-based assay system using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated murine bone marrow leukocytes as the source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). HNE inhibition was due to the N-CO group targeting Ser195-OH at position 2 of the scaffold, while antiradical activity was due to the presence of the selenium atom. The most active compounds 4d, 4f, and 4j exhibited a good balance between anti-HNE (IC50 = 0.9-1.4 μM) and antiradical activity (IC50 = 0.05-0.7 μM). Additionally, the solid-state structure of 4d was determined and compared to that of the similar compound N-propionyl-1,2-benzisoselenazol-3(2H)-one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Crocetti
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy +39 055 4573683
| | - Francesca Catarzi
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy +39 055 4573683
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy +39 055 4573683
| | - Claudia Vergelli
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy +39 055 4573683
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy +39 055 4573683
| | - Marco Pallecchi
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy +39 055 4573683
| | - Paola Paoli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence Via Santa Marta 3 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Patrizia Rossi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence Via Santa Marta 3 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Martina Lippi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence Via Santa Marta 3 50139 Florence Italy
| | - Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717 USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717 USA
| | - Gabriella Guerrini
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence Via Ugo Schiff 6 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy +39 055 4573683
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Che Y, Ren J, Zhao H, Yang Y, Chen Z. Orosomucoid 2 as a biomarker of carotid artery atherosclerosis plaque vulnerability through its generation of reactive oxygen species and lipid accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 705:149736. [PMID: 38447392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orosomucoid (ORM) has been reported as a biomarker of carotid atherosclerosis, but the role of ORM 2, a subtype of ORM, in carotid atherosclerotic plaque formation and the underlying mechanism have not been established. METHODS Plasma was collected from patients with carotid artery stenosis (CAS) and healthy participants and assessed using mass spectrometry coupled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology to identify differentially expressed proteins. The key proteins and related pathways were identified via western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction of carotid artery plaque tissues and in vitro experiments involving vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). RESULTS We screened 33 differentially expressed proteins out of 535 proteins in the plasma. Seventeen proteins showed increased expressions in the CAS groups relative to the healthy groups, while 16 proteins showed decreased expressions during iTRAQ and bioinformatic analysis. The reactive oxygen species metabolic process was the most common enrichment pathway identified by Gene Ontology analysis, while ORM2, PRDX2, GPX3, HP, HBB, ANXA5, PFN1, CFL1, and S100A11 were key proteins identified by STRING and MCODE analysis. ORM2 showed increased expression in patients with CAS plaques, and ORM2 was accumulated in smooth muscle cells. Oleic acid increased the lipid accumulation and ORM2 and PRDX6 expressions in the VSMCs. The recombinant-ORM2 also increased the lipid accumulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the VSMCs. The expressions of ORM2 and PRDX-6 were correlated, and MJ33 (an inhibitor of PRDX6-PLA2) decreased ROS production and lipid accumulation in VSMCs. CONCLUSION ORM2 may be a biomarker for CAS; it induced lipid accumulation and ROS production in VSMCs during atherosclerosis plaque formation. However, the relationships between ORM2 and PRDX-6 underlying lipid accumulation-induced plaque vulnerability require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Che
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinrui Ren
- Department of Interventional Therapy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Haoyang Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yaoguo Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Ghanim HY, Porteus MH. Gene regulation in inborn errors of immunity: Implications for gene therapy design and efficacy. Immunol Rev 2024; 322:157-177. [PMID: 38233996 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) present a unique paradigm in the realm of gene therapy, emphasizing the need for precision in therapeutic design. As gene therapy transitions from broad-spectrum gene addition to careful modification of specific genes, the enduring safety and effectiveness of these therapies in clinical settings have become crucial. This review discusses the significance of IEIs as foundational models for pioneering and refining precision medicine. We explore the capabilities of gene addition and gene correction platforms in modifying the DNA sequence of primary cells tailored for IEIs. The review uses four specific IEIs to highlight key issues in gene therapy strategies: X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD), X-linked hyper IgM syndrome (XHIGM), and immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX). We detail the regulatory intricacies and therapeutic innovations for each disorder, incorporating insights from relevant clinical trials. For most IEIs, regulated expression is a vital aspect of the underlying biology, and we discuss the importance of endogenous regulation in developing gene therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Y Ghanim
- Division of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Matthew H Porteus
- Division of Pediatrics, Division of Oncology, Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Center for Definitive and Curative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Herb M. NADPH Oxidase 3: Beyond the Inner Ear. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:219. [PMID: 38397817 PMCID: PMC10886416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were formerly known as mere byproducts of metabolism with damaging effects on cellular structures. The discovery and description of NADPH oxidases (Nox) as a whole enzyme family that only produce this harmful group of molecules was surprising. After intensive research, seven Nox isoforms were discovered, described and extensively studied. Among them, the NADPH oxidase 3 is the perhaps most underrated Nox isoform, since it was firstly discovered in the inner ear. This stigma of Nox3 as "being only expressed in the inner ear" was also used by me several times. Therefore, the question arose whether this sentence is still valid or even usable. To this end, this review solely focuses on Nox3 and summarizes its discovery, the structural components, the activating and regulating factors, the expression in cells, tissues and organs, as well as the beneficial and detrimental effects of Nox3-mediated ROS production on body functions. Furthermore, the involvement of Nox3-derived ROS in diseases progression and, accordingly, as a potential target for disease treatment, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Herb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Pinzaru AD, Mihai CM, Chisnoiu T, Pantazi AC, Lupu VV, Kassim MAK, Lupu A, Grosan E, Al Jumaili AZN, Ion I, Stoleriu G, Ion I. Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Cystic Fibrosis and Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes in Children: A Literature Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2671. [PMID: 37893045 PMCID: PMC10604378 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common inherited condition that results in death, particularly in those of Caucasian heritage, is cystic fibrosis (CF). Of all the young adults diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, 20% will develop hyperglycemia as a complication, later classified as a disease associated with cystic fibrosis. Impaired insulin secretion and glucose intolerance represent the primary mechanisms associated with diabetes (type 1 or type 2) and cystic fibrosis. Oxidative stress represents the imbalance between oxygen-reactive species and antioxidant defense mechanisms. This pathogenic mechanism is vital in triggering other chronic diseases, including cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. It is essential to understand oxidative stress and the significant impact it has on CFRD. This way, therapies can be individually adjusted and tailored to each patient's needs. This review aims to understand the connection between CFRD and oxidative stress. As a subsidiary element, we analyzed the effects of glycemic balance on complications and their evolution over time, providing insights into their potential benefits in mitigating oxidative stress-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Daniela Pinzaru
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Cristina Maria Mihai
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Tatiana Chisnoiu
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | | | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Ancuta Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Grosan
- Department of Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Ahmed Zaki Naji Al Jumaili
- National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases “N.C. Paulescu”, 020475 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Ion
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics, County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Constanta, 900591 Constanta, Romania
| | - Gabriela Stoleriu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati, 800008 Galati, Romania
| | - Ileana Ion
- Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900470 Constanta, Romania
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El Khoury M, Biondi O, Bruneteau G, Sapaly D, Bendris S, Bezier C, Clerc Z, Akar EA, Weill L, Eid AA, Charbonnier F. NADPH oxidase 4 inhibition is a complementary therapeutic strategy for spinal muscular atrophy. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1242828. [PMID: 37780204 PMCID: PMC10536974 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1242828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor neuron (MN) degeneration and severe muscular atrophy and caused by Survival of Motor Neuron (SMN) depletion. Therapies aimed at increasing SMN in patients have proven their efficiency in alleviating SMA symptoms but not for all patients. Thus, combinational therapies are warranted. Here, we investigated the involvement of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in SMA-induced spinal MN death and if the modulation of Nox4 activity could be beneficial for SMA patients. Methods We analysed in the spinal cord of severe type SMA-like mice before and at the disease onset, the level of oxidative stress and Nox4 expression. Then, we tested the effect of Nox4 inhibition by GKT137831/Setanaxib, a drug presently in clinical development, by intrathecal injection on MN survival and motor behaviour. Finally, we tested if GKT137831/Setanaxib could act synergistically with FDA-validated SMN-upregulating treatment (nusinersen). Results We show that NOX4 is overexpressed in SMA and its inhibition by GKT137831/Setanaxib protected spinal MN from SMA-induced degeneration. These improvements were associated with a significant increase in lifespan and motor behaviour of the mice. At the molecular level, GKT137831 activated the pro-survival AKT/CREB signaling pathway, leading to an increase in SMN expression in SMA MNs. Most importantly, we found that the per os administration of GKT137831 acted synergistically with a FDA-validated SMN-upregulating treatment. Conclusion The pharmacological inhibition of NOX4 by GKT137831/Setanaxib is neuroprotector and could represent a complementary therapeutic strategy to fight against SMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella El Khoury
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, Paris, France
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Olivier Biondi
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Bruneteau
- Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS974, Association Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Paris, France
- Département de Neurologie, Centre référent SLA, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Sapaly
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Bendris
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, Paris, France
| | - Cynthia Bezier
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, Paris, France
| | - Zoé Clerc
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, Paris, France
| | - Elias Abi Akar
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, Paris, France
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Laure Weill
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, Paris, France
| | - Assaad A. Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frédéric Charbonnier
- Faculty of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, University Paris Cité & Inserm UMR_S1124, Paris, France
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Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Levetiracetam in a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Model. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030848. [PMID: 36979827 PMCID: PMC10045287 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder in which it has been shown that the presence of oxidative stress (OS) is implicated in epileptogenesis. The literature has shown that some antiseizure drugs (ASD) have neuroprotective properties. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a drug commonly used as an ASD, and in some studies, it has been found to possess antioxidant properties. Because the antioxidant effects of LEV have not been demonstrated in the chronic phase of epilepsy, the objective of this study was to evaluate, for the first time, the effects of LEV on the oxidant–antioxidant status in the hippocampus of rats with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The in vitro scavenging capacity of LEV was evaluated. LEV administration in rats with TLE significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, increased catalase (CAT) activity, but did not change glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and significantly decreased glutathione reductase (GR) activity in comparison with epileptic rats. LEV administration in rats with TLE significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels but did not change lipoperoxidation and carbonylated protein levels in comparison with epileptic rats. In addition, LEV showed in vitro scavenging activity against hydroxyl radical (HO•). LEV showed significant antioxidant effects in relation to restoring the redox balance in the hippocampus of rats with TLE. In vitro, LEV demonstrated direct antioxidant activity against HO•.
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Abstract
Neutrophils or polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are an important component of innate host defense. These phagocytic leukocytes are recruited to infected tissues and kill invading microbes. There are several general characteristics of neutrophils that make them highly effective as antimicrobial cells. First, there is tremendous daily production and turnover of granulocytes in healthy adults-typically 1011 per day. The vast majority (~95%) of these cells are neutrophils. In addition, neutrophils are mobilized rapidly in response to chemotactic factors and are among the first leukocytes recruited to infected tissues. Most notably, neutrophils contain and/or produce an abundance of antimicrobial molecules. Many of these antimicrobial molecules are toxic to host cells and can destroy host tissues. Thus, neutrophil activation and turnover are highly regulated processes. To that end, aged neutrophils undergo apoptosis constitutively, a process that contains antimicrobial function and proinflammatory capacity. Importantly, apoptosis facilitates nonphlogistic turnover of neutrophils and removal by macrophages. This homeostatic process is altered by interaction with microbes and their products, as well as host proinflammatory molecules. Microbial pathogens can delay neutrophil apoptosis, accelerate apoptosis following phagocytosis, or cause neutrophil cytolysis. Here, we review these processes and provide perspective on recent studies that have potential to impact this paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott D Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Frank R DeLeo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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10
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Macvanin MT, Gluvic Z, Zafirovic S, Gao X, Essack M, Isenovic ER. The protective role of nutritional antioxidants against oxidative stress in thyroid disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1092837. [PMID: 36686463 PMCID: PMC9846570 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1092837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between pro-oxidative and antioxidative cellular mechanisms is oxidative stress (OxS) which may be systemic or organ-specific. Although OxS is a consequence of normal body and organ physiology, severely impaired oxidative homeostasis results in DNA hydroxylation, protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, ultimately compromising cells' function and viability. The thyroid gland is an organ that exhibits both oxidative and antioxidative processes. In terms of OxS severity, the thyroid gland's response could be physiological (i.e. hormone production and secretion) or pathological (i.e. development of diseases, such as goitre, thyroid cancer, or thyroiditis). Protective nutritional antioxidants may benefit defensive antioxidative systems in resolving pro-oxidative dominance and redox imbalance, preventing or delaying chronic thyroid diseases. This review provides information on nutritional antioxidants and their protective roles against impaired redox homeostasis in various thyroid pathologies. We also review novel findings related to the connection between the thyroid gland and gut microbiome and analyze the effects of probiotics with antioxidant properties on thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana T. Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Zafirovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Liu Y, Liang S, Shi D, Zhang Y, Bai C, Ye RD. A predicted structure of NADPH Oxidase 1 identifies key components of ROS generation and strategies for inhibition. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285206. [PMID: 37134122 PMCID: PMC10155968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) is primarily expressed in epithelial cells and responsible for local generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By specifically manipulating the local redox microenvironment, NOX1 actively engages in epithelial immunity, especially in colorectal and pulmonary epithelia. To unravel the structural basis of NOX1 engaged epithelial immune processes, a predicted structure model was established using RaptorX deep learning models. The predicted structure model illustrates a 6-transmembrane domain structure, a FAD binding domain, and an NADPH binding/NOXO1 interacting region. The substrate/cofactor binding scheme with respect to this proposed model highly correlates with published reports and is verified in our site-directed mutagenesis assays. An electron transport chain, from NADPH to FAD and the two heme groups, was well supported by the predicted model. Through molecular docking analysis of various small molecule NOX1 inhibitors and subsequent experimental validation, we identified pronounced active sites for potent NOX1 inhibition. Specifically, LEU60, VAL71, MET181, LEU185, HIS208, PHE211, TYR214, and TYR280 in the transmembrane domain form an active pocket for insertion of the small molecule inhibitors to inhibit electron transfer between the heme groups, thus affecting extracellular ROS generation. Altogether, our study provides structural information to help elucidate the role of NOX1 in epithelial generation of ROS and sheds light on the development of therapeutics for NOX1 related illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezhou Liu
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyu Liang
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Danfeng Shi
- Warshel Institute of Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Warshel Institute of Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Bai
- Warshel Institute of Computational Biology, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Richard D Ye
- Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Futian Biomedical Innovation R&D Center, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Chen Y, He X, Chen Q, He Y, Chen F, Yang C, Wang L. Nanomaterials against intracellular bacterial infection: from drug delivery to intrinsic biofunction. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1197974. [PMID: 37180049 PMCID: PMC10174311 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1197974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fighting intracellular bacteria with strong antibiotics evading remains a long-standing challenge. Responding to and regulating the infectious microenvironment is crucial for treating intracellular infections. Sophisticated nanomaterials with unique physicochemical properties exhibit great potential for precise drug delivery towards infection sites, along with modulating infectious microenvironment via their instinct bioactivity. In this review, we first identify the key characters and therapeutic targets of intracellular infection microenvironment. Next, we illustrate how the nanomaterials physicochemical properties, such as size, charge, shape and functionalization affect the interaction between nanomaterials, cells and bacteria. We also introduce the recent progress of nanomaterial-based targeted delivery and controlled release of antibiotics in intracellular infection microenvironment. Notably, we highlight the nanomaterials with unique intrinsic properties, such as metal toxicity and enzyme-like activity for the treatment of intracellular bacteria. Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of bioactive nanomaterials in addressing intracellular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics-Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoheng He
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics-Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangman Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics-Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Wang, ; Chao Yang,
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Academy of Orthopedics-Guangdong Province, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Wang, ; Chao Yang,
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Bai J, Li J, Ba X, Chen Z, Yang Z, Wang Z, Yang Y. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of clove essential oil against foodborne pathogens. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Wei SM, Huang YM. Baicalein Alleviates Testicular Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rat Model of Testicular Torsion-Detorsion. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:1603469. [PMID: 36388170 PMCID: PMC9652068 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1603469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Testicular torsion/detorsion-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury is partly due to the overgeneration of reactive oxygen species. Baicalein, a main bioactive constituent derived from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, possesses powerful antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, we designed the research to explore the possible protective effect of baicalein against testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups, including control, testicular ischemia-reperfusion, testicular ischemia-reperfusion+vehicle injection, and testicular ischemia-reperfusion+baicalein therapy groups. The control group received surgical exposure of the left testis without torsion-detorsion. In the testicular ischemia-reperfusion group, the left testis underwent 720° counterclockwise torsion for two hours and then was allowed detorsion. Rats in the testicular ischemia-reperfusion+vehicle injection group received intraperitoneal injection of the vehicle at detorsion. In the baicalein-treated group, the intraperitoneal administration of baicalein dissolved in the vehicle was performed at detorsion. At four hours or three months following testicular detorsion, testicular tissues were removed to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) which can recruit neutrophils into the testis, myeloperoxidase activity (an index of neutrophil infiltration in the testis), protein expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in neutrophils which can catalyze reactive oxygen species production, malondialdehyde concentration (a common marker of reactive oxygen species), and spermatogenesis. Both testicular ischemia-reperfusion and testicular ischemia-reperfusion+vehicle injection significantly increased the TNF-α and IL-1β levels, myeloperoxidase activity, NADPH oxidase protein expression, and malondialdehyde concentration, while decreased spermatogenesis in ipsilateral testes. In contrast, baicalein administration remarkably reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels, myeloperoxidase activity, NADPH oxidase protein expression, and malondialdehyde concentration and also elevated spermatogenesis in ipsilateral testes. The results of our experiment demonstrate that baicalein alleviates testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting TNF-α and IL-1β secretion, neutrophil infiltration in the testis, and NADPH oxidase protein expression in neutrophils to reduce reactive oxygen species production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ming Wei
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310015, China
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310053, China
| | - Yu-Min Huang
- Department of Sport Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province 310058, China
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Transcriptomic Analysis of Circulating Leukocytes Obtained during the Recovery from Clinical Mastitis Caused by Escherichia coli in Holstein Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162146. [PMID: 36009735 PMCID: PMC9404729 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Escherichia coli is a bacterium which infects cow udders causing clinical mastitis, a potentially severe disease with welfare and economic consequences. During an infection, white blood cells (leukocytes) enter the udder to provide immune defence and assist tissue repair. We sequenced RNA derived from circulating leukocytes to investigate which genes are up- or down-regulated in dairy cows with naturally occurring cases of clinical mastitis in comparison with healthy control cows from the same farm. We also looked for genetic variations between infected and healthy cows. Blood samples were taken either EARLY (around 10 days) or LATE (after 4 weeks) during the recovery phase after diagnosis. Many genes (1090) with immune and inflammatory functions were up-regulated during the EARLY phase. By the LATE phase only 29 genes were up-regulated including six haemoglobin subunits, possibly important for the production of new red blood corpuscles. Twelve genetic variations which were associated with an increased or decreased expression of some important immune genes were identified between the infected and control cows. These results show that the initial inflammatory response to E. coli continued for at least 10 days despite the cows having received prompt veterinary treatment, but they had largely recovered within 4 weeks. Genetic differences between cows may predispose some animals to infection. Abstract The risk and severity of clinical infection with Escherichia coli as a causative pathogen for bovine mastitis is influenced by the hosts’ phenotypic and genotypic variables. We used RNA-Seq analysis of circulating leukocytes to investigate global transcriptomic profiles and genetic variants from Holstein cows with naturally occurring cases of clinical mastitis, diagnosed using clinical symptoms and milk microbiology. Healthy lactation-matched cows served as controls (CONT, n = 6). Blood samples were collected at two time periods during the recovery phase post diagnosis: EARLY (10.3 ± 1.8 days, n = 6) and LATE (46.7 ± 11 days, n = 3). Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the groups were identified using CLC Genomics Workbench V21 and subjected to enrichment analysis. Variant calling was performed following GATKv3.8 best practice. The comparison of E. coli(+) EARLY and CONT cows found the up-regulation of 1090 DEGs, mainly with immune and inflammatory functions. The key signalling pathways involved NOD-like and interleukin-1 receptors and chemokines. Many up-regulated DEGs encoded antimicrobial peptides including cathelicidins, beta-defensins, S100 calcium binding proteins, haptoglobin and lactoferrin. Inflammation had largely resolved in the E. coli(+) LATE group, with only 29 up-regulated DEGs. Both EARLY and LATE cows had up-regulated DEGs encoding ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters and haemoglobin subunits were also up-regulated in LATE cows. Twelve candidate genetic variants were identified in DEGs between the infected and CONT cows. Three were in contiguous genes WIPI1, ARSG and SLC16A6 on BTA19. Two others (RAC2 and ARHGAP26) encode a Rho-family GTPase and Rho GTPase-activating protein 26. These results show that the initial inflammatory response to E. coli continued for at least 10 days despite prompt treatment and provide preliminary evidence for genetic differences between cows that may predispose them to infection.
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Wang W, Zhang X, Lin L, Ren J, He R, Sun K. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) reverses cognitive deficits by modulating excitability and excitatory transmission in the hippocampus after traumatic brain injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 617:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ma J, Guillot A, Yang Z, Mackowiak B, Hwang S, Park O, Peiffer BJ, Ahmadi AR, Melo L, Kusumanchi P, Huda N, Saxena R, He Y, Guan Y, Feng D, Sancho-Bru P, Zang M, Cameron AM, Bataller R, Tacke F, Sun Z, Liangpunsakul S, Gao B. Distinct histopathological phenotypes of severe alcoholic hepatitis suggest different mechanisms driving liver injury and failure. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e157780. [PMID: 35838051 PMCID: PMC9282929 DOI: 10.1172/jci157780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic neutrophil infiltration has been implicated in severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) pathogenesis; however, the mechanism underlying neutrophil-induced injury in SAH remains obscure. This translational study aims to describe the patterns of intrahepatic neutrophil infiltration and its involvement in SAH pathogenesis. Immunohistochemistry analyses of explanted livers identified two SAH phenotypes despite a similar clinical presentation, one with high intrahepatic neutrophils (Neuhi), but low levels of CD8+ T cells, and vice versa. RNA-Seq analyses demonstrated that neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1), a key factor in controlling neutrophilic ROS production, was upregulated and correlated with hepatic inflammation and disease progression. To study specifically the mechanisms related to Neuhi in AH patients and liver injury, we used the mouse model of chronic-plus-binge ethanol feeding and found that myeloid-specific deletion of the Ncf1 gene abolished ethanol-induced hepatic inflammation and steatosis. RNA-Seq analysis and the data from experimental models revealed that neutrophilic NCF1-dependent ROS promoted alcoholic hepatitis (AH) by inhibiting AMP-activated protein kinase (a key regulator of lipid metabolism) and microRNA-223 (a key antiinflammatory and antifibrotic microRNA). In conclusion, two distinct histopathological phenotypes based on liver immune phenotyping are observed in SAH patients, suggesting a separate mechanism driving liver injury and/or failure in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Adrien Guillot
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Seonghwan Hwang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ogyi Park
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Brandon J. Peiffer
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ali Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luma Melo
- Center for Liver Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Praveen Kusumanchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Nazmul Huda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Romil Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yong He
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yukun Guan
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mengwei Zang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Ramon Bataller
- Center for Liver Diseases, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frank Tacke
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Almeida C, Pongilio RP, Móvio MI, Higa GSV, Resende RR, Jiang J, Kinjo ER, Kihara AH. Distinct Cell-specific Roles of NOX2 and MyD88 in Epileptogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:926776. [PMID: 35859905 PMCID: PMC9289522 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.926776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is often related to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Both processes subserve alterations observed in epileptogenesis and ultimately involve distinct classes of cells, including astrocytes, microglia, and specific neural subtypes. For this reason, molecules associated with oxidative stress response and neuroinflammation have been proposed as potential targets for therapeutic strategies. However, these molecules can participate in distinct intracellular pathways depending on the cell type. To illustrate this, we reviewed the potential role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) and myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) in astrocytes, microglia, and neurons in epileptogenesis. Furthermore, we presented approaches to study genes in different cells, employing single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) transcriptomic analyses, transgenic technologies and viral serotypes carrying vectors with specific promoters. We discussed the importance of identifying particular roles of molecules depending on the cell type, endowing more effective therapeutic strategies to treat TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cayo Almeida
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | | | - Marília Inês Móvio
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Ribeiro Resende
- Laboratório de Sinalização Celular e Nanobiotecnologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Erika Reime Kinjo
- Laboratório de Neurogenética, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
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Shishikura D, Octavia Y, Hayat U, Thondapu V, Barlis P. Atherogenesis and Inflammation. Interv Cardiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119697367.ch1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Gözüküçük A, Çakıroğlu B. Comparison of hypochlorous acid and Povidone Iodine as a disinfectant in neonatal circumcision. J Pediatr Urol 2022; 18:341.e1-341.e5. [PMID: 35414414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neonatal circumcision is a procedure used worldwide which has very low rates of complication if conducted by a specialist. The present research aims to examine the wound healing effects of Hypochlorous Acid (HCOL) and Povidone Iodine (PI) used as a disinfectant prior to the procedure of circumcision and their antibacterial effectiveness. MATERIAL AND METHOD The findings of sixty infants subjected to neonatal circumcision at the Hisar Intercontinental Hospital between January 2021 and June 2021 were prospectively recorded. Based on the disinfectant used, the patients were divided into two group: Group 1 including 28 patients for whom HCOL was used as an antiseptic solution, and Group 2 including 32 patients to whom PI was administered. RESULTS Group 1 was formed of 28 patients while Group 2 included 32 patients. The mean ages of each group was 15.46 ± 10.58 (2-29) and 12.63 ± 10.00 (2-28) days, respectively. When the complications were examined individually, no significant difference was found between the groups. However, when all complications were analyzed collectively, it was determined that there was a significant difference, and the complication rate of Group 2 was greater (p = 0.037). In Group 2, the rate of edema and wound healing delay was significantly greater than that of Group 1 (p: 0.037 p: 0.036) (Table 1). CONCLUSION It was determined that HCOL is reliable to be used as a disinfectant prior to neonatal circumcision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Gözüküçük
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hisar Intercontinental Hospital, Dogus University, İstanbul, Turkey.
| | - Basri Çakıroğlu
- Department of Urology, Hisar Intercontinental Hospital, Galata University, İstanbul, Turkey.
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Liu W, Liu S, Li P, Yao K. Retinitis Pigmentosa: Progress in Molecular Pathology and Biotherapeutical Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094883. [PMID: 35563274 PMCID: PMC9101511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is genetically heterogeneous retinopathy caused by photoreceptor cell death and retinal pigment epithelial atrophy that eventually results in blindness in bilateral eyes. Various photoreceptor cell death types and pathological phenotypic changes that have been disclosed in RP demand in-depth research of its pathogenic mechanism that may account for inter-patient heterogeneous responses to mainstream drug treatment. As the primary method for studying the genetic characteristics of RP, molecular biology has been widely used in disease diagnosis and clinical trials. Current technology iterations, such as gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and optogenetics, are advancing towards precise diagnosis and clinical applications. Specifically, technologies, such as effective delivery vectors, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and iPSC-based cell transplantation, hasten the pace of personalized precision medicine in RP. The combination of conventional therapy and state-of-the-art medication is promising in revolutionizing RP treatment strategies. This article provides an overview of the latest research on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of retinitis pigmentosa, aiming for a convenient reference of what has been achieved so far.
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Liang H, Dong S, Fu W, Zhang S, Yu W, Dong F, He B, Wang J, Gao Y, Zhou Y, Ru Y. Deciphering the Heterogeneity of Mitochondrial Functions During Hematopoietic Lineage Differentiation. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2179-2194. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Lerche CJ, Schwartz F, Pries-Heje MM, Fosbøl EL, Iversen K, Jensen PØ, Høiby N, Hyldegaard O, Bundgaard H, Moser C. Potential Advances of Adjunctive Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Infective Endocarditis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:805964. [PMID: 35186793 PMCID: PMC8851036 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.805964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with infective endocarditis (IE) form a heterogeneous group by age, co-morbidities and severity ranging from stable patients to patients with life-threatening complications with need for intensive care. A large proportion need surgical intervention. In-hospital mortality is 15-20%. The concept of using hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in other severe bacterial infections has been used for many decades supported by various preclinical and clinical studies. However, the availability and capacity of HBOT may be limited for clinical practice and we still lack well-designed studies documenting clinical efficacy. In the present review we highlight the potential beneficial aspects of adjunctive HBOT in patients with IE. Based on the pathogenesis and pathophysiological conditions of IE, we here summarize some of the important mechanisms and effects by HBOT in relation to infection and inflammation in general. In details, we elaborate on the aspects and impact of HBOT in relation to the host response, tissue hypoxia, biofilm, antibiotics and pathogens. Two preclinical (animal) studies have shown beneficial effect of HBOT in IE, but so far, no clinical study has evaluated the feasibility of HBOT in IE. New therapeutic options in IE are much needed and adjunctive HBOT might be a therapeutic option in certain IE patients to decrease morbidity and mortality and improve the long-term outcome of this severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Johann Lerche
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Virus and Microbiology Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Christian Johann Lerche,
| | - Franziska Schwartz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mia Marie Pries-Heje
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emil Loldrup Fosbøl
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper Iversen
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Peter Østrup Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Høiby
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Hyldegaard
- Department of Anaesthesia, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Moser
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Costerton Biofilm Center, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Galvão I, Sousa LP, Teixeira MM, Pinho V. PI3K Isoforms in Cell Signalling and Innate Immune Cell Responses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:147-164. [PMID: 36243843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3Ks) are enzymes involved in signalling and modification of the function of all mammalian cells. These enzymes phosphorylate the 3-hydroxyl group of the inositol ring of phosphatidylinositol, resulting in lipid products that act as second messengers responsible for coordinating many cellular functions, including activation, chemotaxis, proliferation and survival. The identification of the functions that are mediated by a specific PI3K isoform is complex and depends on the specific cell type and inflammatory context. In this chapter we will focus on the role of PI3K isoforms in the context of innate immunity, focusing on the mechanisms by which PI3K signalling regulates phagocytosis, the activation of immunoglobulin, chemokine and cytokines receptors, production of ROS and cell migration, and how PI3K signalling plays a central role in host defence against infections and tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Galvão
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Resolution of Inflammation Laboratory, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- Signalling in Inflammation Laboratory, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- Resolution of Inflammation Laboratory, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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25
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Filina Y, Gabdoulkhakova A, Rizvanov A, Safronova V. MAP kinases in regulation of NOX activity stimulated through two types of formyl peptide receptors in murine bone marrow granulocytes. Cell Signal 2021; 90:110205. [PMID: 34826588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The functional activity of the phagocytes, as well as the development and resolution of the inflammation, is determined by formylpeptide receptors (FPRs) signaling. There is a growing data on the signaling pathways from two major types of formylpeptide receptors, FPR1 and FPR2, which could be activated by different sets of ligands to provide certain defense functions. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the membrane enzyme NADPH oxidase is the most important among them. One of the most studied and significant mechanism for the regulation of activity of NADPH oxidase is phosphorylation by a variety of kinases, including MAP kinases. The question arose whether the role of MAPKs differ in the activation of NADPH oxidase through FPR1 and FPR2. We have studied Fpr1- and Fpr2-induced phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK kinases and their role in the activation of the respiratory burst in isolated mice bone marrow granulocytes. Data has shown distinct patterns of MAP kinase activity for Fpr1 and Fpr2: JNK was involved in both Fpr1 and Fpr2 mediated activation of ROS production, while p38 MAPK and ERK were involved in Fpr1 induced ROS generation only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Filina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Aida Gabdoulkhakova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation; Kazan State Medical Academy, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina Safronova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russian Federation
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Intermittent Hypoxia and Effects on Early Learning/Memory: Exploring the Hippocampal Cellular Effects of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Anesth Analg 2021; 133:93-103. [PMID: 33234943 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an update on the neurocognitive phenotype of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Pediatric OSA is associated with neurocognitive deficits involving memory, learning, and executive functioning. Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is presently accepted as the first-line surgical treatment for pediatric OSA, but the executive function deficits do not resolve postsurgery, and the timeline for recovery remains unknown. This finding suggests that pediatric OSA potentially causes irreversible damage to multiple areas of the brain. The focus of this review is the hippocampus, 1 of the 2 major sites of postnatal neurogenesis, where new neurons are formed and integrated into existing circuitry and the mammalian center of learning/memory functions. Here, we review the clinical phenotype of pediatric OSA, and then discuss existing studies of OSA on different cell types in the hippocampus during critical periods of development. This will set the stage for future study using preclinical models to understand the pathogenesis of persistent neurocognitive dysfunction in pediatric OSA.
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Vermot A, Petit-Härtlein I, Smith SME, Fieschi F. NADPH Oxidases (NOX): An Overview from Discovery, Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology and Pathology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:890. [PMID: 34205998 PMCID: PMC8228183 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) was first identified in the membrane of phagocytic cells. For many years, its only known role was in immune defense, where its ROS production leads to the destruction of pathogens by the immune cells. NOX from phagocytes catalyzes, via one-electron trans-membrane transfer to molecular oxygen, the production of the superoxide anion. Over the years, six human homologs of the catalytic subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the NOX2/gp91phox component present in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase assembly itself, the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. NOX are complex multidomain proteins with varying requirements for assembly with combinations of other proteins for activity. The recent structural insights acquired on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic NOX open new perspectives for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms inherent to NOX regulation and ROS production (superoxide or hydrogen peroxide). This new structural information will certainly inform new investigations of human disease. As specialized ROS producers, NOX enzymes participate in numerous crucial physiological processes, including host defense, the post-translational processing of proteins, cellular signaling, regulation of gene expression, and cell differentiation. These diversities of physiological context will be discussed in this review. We also discuss NOX misregulation, which can contribute to a wide range of severe pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, lung fibrosis, cancer, or neurodegenerative diseases, giving this family of membrane proteins a strong therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Vermot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
| | - Isabelle Petit-Härtlein
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
| | - Susan M. E. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA;
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
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Huber N, Vetter S, Stalder G, Gerritsmann H, Giroud S. Dynamic Function and Composition Shift in Circulating Innate Immune Cells in Hibernating Garden Dormice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:620614. [PMID: 33746769 PMCID: PMC7970003 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.620614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hibernation is characterized by successive torpor bouts during which metabolic rate is down-regulated to 2–4% of euthermic levels along with core body temperatures (Tb) ranging between 0 and 10°C. One characteristic of the torpid state, which is periodically interrupted by a few hours of euthermic phases or arousals during hibernation, resides in an overall impairment of the immune system. The most striking change during torpor is the reduction of circulating white blood cells up to 90%, while their numbers rise to near summer euthermic level upon rewarming. However, potential changes in responsiveness and function of neutrophil granulocytes, accounting for the primary cellular innate immune defense, are unknown. Here we present the first data on shifts in oxidative burst capacity, i.e., the ability to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), of neutrophils during hibernation. Using a chemiluminescence assay, we measured real-time ROS production in whole blood of hibernating garden dormice (Eliomys quercinus) in early or late torpor, and upon arousals. Accounting for changes in neutrophil numbers along the torpor-arousal cycle, we found significant differences, between torpid and euthermic states, in the neutrophil oxidative burst capacity (NOC), with shallow cell responses during torpor and a highly significant increase by up to 30-fold during arousals. Further, we observed a significant reduction of NOC from aroused animals with euthermic Tb of 36.95 ± 0.37°C, when tested at 6°C, whereas no change occurred in NOC from torpid individuals reaching constant Tb of 4.67 ± 0.42°C, when measured at 35°C. This dynamic indicates that the reduction in NOC during torpor may be temperature-compensated. These results linked to the understanding of immune function during the torpor-arousal cycle might have clinical relevance in the context of therapeutic hypothermia and reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Huber
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Vetter
- Institute of Animal Welfare Science, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabrielle Stalder
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanno Gerritsmann
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvain Giroud
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Department of Interdisciplinary Life Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Crowley SJ, Banan G, Amin M, Tanner JJ, Hizel L, Nguyen P, Brumback B, Rodriguez K, McFarland N, Bowers D, Ding M, Mareci TA, Price CC. Statistically Defined Parkinson's Disease Executive and Memory Cognitive Phenotypes: Demographic, Behavioral, and Structural Neuroimaging Comparisons. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:283-297. [PMID: 33216042 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience working memory and inhibitory difficulties, others learning and memory difficulties, while some only minimal to no cognitive deficits for many years. OBJECTIVE To statistically derive PD executive and memory phenotypes, and compare PD phenotypes on disease and demographic variables, vascular risk factors, and specific neuroimaging variables with known associations to executive and memory function relative to non-PD peers. METHODS Non-demented individuals with PD (n = 116) and non-PD peers (n = 62) were recruited to complete neuropsychology measures, blood draw, and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Tests representing the cognitive domains of interest (4 executive function, 3 memory) were included in a k-means cluster analysis comprised of the PD participants. Resulting clusters were compared demographic and disease-related variables, vascular risk markers, gray/white regions of interest, and white matter connectivity between known regions involved in executive and memory functions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortices to caudate nuclei; entorhinal cortices to hippocampi). RESULTS Clusters showed: 1) PD Executive, n = 25; 2) PD Memory, n = 35; 3) PD Cognitively Well; n = 56. Even after disease variable corrections, PD Executive had less subcortical gray matter, white matter, and fewer bilateral dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex to caudate nucleus connections; PD Memory showed bilaterally reduced entorhinal-hippocampal connections. PD Cognitively Well showed only reduced putamen volume and right entorhinal cortex to hippocampi connections relative to non-PD peers. Groups did not statistically differ on cortical integrity measures or cerebrovascular disease markers. CONCLUSION PD cognitive phenotypes showed different structural gray and white matter patterns. We discuss data relative to phenotype demographics, cognitive patterns, and structural brain profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Crowley
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guita Banan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Manish Amin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jared J Tanner
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Loren Hizel
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Nguyen
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Babette Brumback
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Katie Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nikolaus McFarland
- Department of Neurology, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dawn Bowers
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mingzhou Ding
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Thomas A Mareci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catherine C Price
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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30
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Ulfig A, Leichert LI. The effects of neutrophil-generated hypochlorous acid and other hypohalous acids on host and pathogens. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:385-414. [PMID: 32661559 PMCID: PMC7873122 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are predominant immune cells that protect the human body against infections by deploying sophisticated antimicrobial strategies including phagocytosis of bacteria and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils kill exogenous pathogens before we focus on one particular weapon in their arsenal: the generation of the oxidizing hypohalous acids HOCl, HOBr and HOSCN during the so-called oxidative burst by the enzyme myeloperoxidase. We look at the effects of these hypohalous acids on biological systems in general and proteins in particular and turn our attention to bacterial strategies to survive HOCl stress. HOCl is a strong inducer of protein aggregation, which bacteria can counteract by chaperone-like holdases that bind unfolding proteins without the need for energy in the form of ATP. These chaperones are activated by HOCl through thiol oxidation (Hsp33) or N-chlorination of basic amino acid side-chains (RidA and CnoX) and contribute to bacterial survival during HOCl stress. However, neutrophil-generated hypohalous acids also affect the host system. Recent studies have shown that plasma proteins act not only as sinks for HOCl, but get actively transformed into modulators of the cellular immune response through N-chlorination. N-chlorinated serum albumin can prevent aggregation of proteins, stimulate immune cells, and act as a pro-survival factor for immune cells in the presence of cytotoxic antigens. Finally, we take a look at the emerging role of HOCl as a potential signaling molecule, particularly its role in neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ulfig
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry-Microbial Biochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars I Leichert
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry-Microbial Biochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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31
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Fatima N, Upadhyay T, Ahmad F, Arshad M, Kamal MA, Sharma D, Sharma R. Particulate β-glucan activates early and delayed phagosomal maturation and autophagy within macrophage in a NOX-2 dependent manner. Life Sci 2020; 266:118851. [PMID: 33310032 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Macrophage is known to readily engulf any particulate material they encounter, including invading microbes and nano- or micro-particles. While recent studies show that some microparticles (MP) are immunogenic even without drug-cargo, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is yet unclear. Phagocytosis induces NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX-2) mediated ROS generation that is reported to regulate antibacterial autophagy. We therefore, investigated the role of NOX-2 derived ROS in phagosomal maturation and autophagy induction in response to phagocytic uptake of two kinds of polymeric biodegradable and biocompatible microparticles: yeast-derived β-glucan particles (YDGP) and poly-(D, L-Lactic Acid) microparticles (PMP). MAIN METHODS J774A.1 macrophage wereas exposed to polymeric particles and the immune responses: ROS, phagosomal maturation and autophagy induction, were examined by assays including NBT, DCFH-DA, NADPH-Oxidase activity, Lysotracker and Acridine Orange. Further, the LC3 and NOX-2 expression were validated by RT-PCR, immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting. Antimicrobial activity of both MP was examined by CFU counting after administration to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Salmonella typhimurium infected macrophage. KEY FINDINGS YDGP induces phagosomal maturation and acidic vesicle accumulation at 30 min and 24 h post-exposure, much more proficiently than that by PMP. YDGP exposure also induced NOX-2 dependent expression of light chain 3 (LC3-II), further confirmed as autophagy activation via autophagic flux assay with autophagolysosome inhibitor bafilomycin A1. Additionally, YDGP displayed superior anti-microbial activity than that by PMP. SIGNIFICANCE The induction of NOX-2-dependent autophagy and antimicrobial activity exhibited by particulate glucans has significant implications in harnessing these drug delivery vehicles as potential 'value-added' autophagy-mediated therapeutics in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Fatima
- Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tarun Upadhyay
- Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; School of Applied sciences and Agriculture Research, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Firoz Ahmad
- Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Md Arshad
- Zoology Department, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rolee Sharma
- Immunobiochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Antioxidant Supplementation Modulates Neutrophil Inflammatory Response to Exercise-Induced Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121242. [PMID: 33297363 PMCID: PMC7762299 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present report was to evaluate the inflammatory response to a 2000-m running test considering neutrophil myeloperoxidase as an inflammatory marker, and to verify if supplements rich in antioxidants could modulate Post-test antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. To this end, a 21-day homogenization period was carried out with three groups: a control group, a supplemented group taking an almond beverage enriched with vitamins C and E and a third group consuming the same beverage but enriched with Lippia citriodora extract. At the end of this period, participants performed a 2000-m run, and blood samples were obtained the day before and immediately after the running test. Plasma and neutrophils were isolated. As a result, plasma creatine kinase and myoglobin increased, indicating Post-test muscle damage. Plasma oxidative markers were increased in all groups, except in the group supplemented with the almond beverage. Neutrophil antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased only in the control group, suggesting an antioxidant effect of the supplements provided in the other groups. Myeloperoxidase activity was significantly increased after the test in the control group, while increased enzyme levels were detected in plasma of the supplement groups. Therefore, antioxidant consumption seems to favour myeloperoxidase release. The connection of this observation with post-exercise recovery will require further investigation.
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Lichota A, Szewczyk EM, Gwozdzinski K. Factors Affecting the Formation and Treatment of Thrombosis by Natural and Synthetic Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7975. [PMID: 33121005 PMCID: PMC7663413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) refers to deep vein thrombosis (DVT), whose consequence may be a pulmonary embolism (PE). Thrombosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality and is the third most common cardiovascular disease after myocardial infarction and stroke. DVT is associated with the formation of a blood clot in a deep vein in the body. Thrombosis promotes slowed blood flow, hypoxia, cell activation, and the associated release of many active substances involved in blood clot formation. All thrombi which adhere to endothelium consist of fibrin, platelets, and trapped red and white blood cells. In this review, we summarise the impact of various factors affecting haemostatic disorders leading to blood clot formation. The paper discusses the causes of thrombosis, the mechanism of blood clot formation, and factors such as hypoxia, the involvement of endothelial cells (ECs), and the activation of platelets and neutrophils along with the effects of bacteria and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mechanisms related to the action of anticoagulants affecting coagulation factors including antiplatelet drugs have also been discussed. However, many aspects related to the pathogenesis of thrombosis still need to be clarified. A review of the drugs used to treat and prevent thrombosis and natural anticoagulants that occur in the plant world and are traditionally used in Far Eastern medicine has also been carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lichota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-235 Lodz, Poland; (A.L.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Eligia M. Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 90-235 Lodz, Poland; (A.L.); (E.M.S.)
| | - Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Pan F, Luo HJ, Wu ZY, Chen SZ, Wang X, Yu SX, Wang JM, Lin SY, Cai ZY, Gao YL, Zhuang PT, Xu LY, Li EM. Decreased plasma riboflavin is associated with poor prognosis, invasion, and metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:1149-1156. [PMID: 32060383 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Riboflavin deficiency confers a predisposition for esophageal cancer. The role of plasma riboflavin levels in development and prognosis of individuals with digestive tract inflammation and ulcer (DTIU), digestive tract polyps (DTPs), and ESCC is not well understood. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study, including 177 DTIU, 80 DTP, and 324 ESCC cases, to measure the plasma riboflavin levels among the three populations. Correlation between plasma riboflavin levels (categorized as ≥31.8, 6.5-31.8 and ≤6.5 nmol/L groups) and clinical characteristics, as well as survival of ESCC patients (556 cases) was analyzed. RESULTS There was no difference in plasma riboflavin levels between DTIU, DTP, and ESCC cases (P > 0.05). Plasma riboflavin levels were inversely correlated with invasive depth (correlation coefficient = -0.09, P = 0.026) and lymph node metastasis (correlation coefficient = -0.11, P = 0.010) of ESCC, and ESCC patients with low riboflavin levels had poor recurrence-free survival (P = 0.035) and overall survival (P = 0.003). Decreased riboflavin was a prognostic factor for poor overall survival (HR = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.19-3.07, P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS Plasma riboflavin levels in DTIU, DTP, and ESCC patients are similar. Plasma riboflavin levels are associated with the development and prognosis of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Hong-Jun Luo
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital, Affiliated Shantou Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Su-Zuan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Shuai-Xia Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Jia-Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Shu-Yuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Ze-Ying Cai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Yu-Lin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Pei-Tong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China.
| | - En-Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, 515041, China.
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Glucose fluctuations promote vascular BK channels dysfunction via PKCα/NF-κB/MuRF1 signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 145:14-24. [PMID: 32511969 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glucose fluctuations may contribute to large conductance calcium activated potassium (BK) channel dysfunction. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in BK channel dysfunction as a result of glucose fluctuations. A rat diabetic model was established through the injection of streptozotocin. Glucose fluctuations in diabetic rats were induced via consumption and starvation. Rat coronary arteries were isolated and coronary vascular tensions were measured after three weeks. Rat coronary artery smooth muscle cells were isolated and whole-cell BK channel currents were recorded using a patch clamp technique. Human coronary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro were used to explore the underlying mechanisms. After incubation with iberiotoxin (IBTX), the Δ tensions (% Max) of rat coronary arteries in the controlled diabetes mellitus (C-DM), the uncontrolled DM (U-DM) and the DM with glucose fluctuation (GF-DM) groups were found to be 84.46 ± 5.75, 61.89 ± 10.20 and 14.77 ± 5.90, respectively (P < .05), while the current densities of the BK channels in the three groups were 43.09 ± 4.35 pA/pF, 34.23 ± 6.07 pA/pF and 17.87 ± 4.33 pA/pF, respectively (P < .05). The Δ tensions (% Max) of rat coronary arteries after applying IBTX in the GF-DM rats injected with 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) (GF-DM + NaCl) and the GF-DM rats injected with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) (GF-DM + NAC) groups were found to be 8.86 ± 1.09 and 48.90 ± 10.85, respectively (P < .05). Excessive oxidative stress and the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) α and nuclear factor (NF)-κB induced by glucose fluctuations promoted the decrease of BK-β1 expression, while the inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS), PKCα, NF-κB and muscle ring finger protein 1 (MuRF1) reversed this effect. Glucose fluctuations aggravate BK channel dysfunction via the ROS overproduction and the PKCα/NF-κB/MuRF1 signaling pathway.
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Wang JL, Wang HQ, Mo ZQ, Zhou L, Luo XC, Li AX, Li YW, Dan XM. Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) NADPH oxidase: Cloning and expression analysis after Cryptocaryon irritans infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 99:291-300. [PMID: 32058095 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytic cells are activated to produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that kill pathogens quickly and efficiently through oxidation. NADPH oxidase is the main source of intracellular ROS. In the present study, five subunits of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase complex were identified in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). The open reading frame of grouper gp91phox, p22phox, p67phox, p47phox, and p40phox were 1,698 bp, 564 bp, 1,497 bp, 1,290 bp, and 1,050 bp, respectively, and encoded 565, 187, 498, 429, and 349 amino acids. Evolutionary analysis indicated that these proteins are evolutionarily homologous to the corresponding proteins of other fish and mammals, and contain conserved functional domains and sites that are important in mammals. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression of these five genes was higher in immune-related tissues in normal grouper, and that these genes were up-regulated in gill and spleen after C. irritans infection, which suggests that these genes may be involved in the defense against C. irritans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Le Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hai-Qing Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ze-Quan Mo
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Luo
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - An-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xue-Ming Dan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Costa MC, de Barros Fernandes H, Gonçalves GKN, Santos APN, Ferreira GF, de Freitas GJC, do Carmo PHF, Hubner J, Emídio ECP, Santos JRA, Dos Santos JL, Dos Reis AM, Fagundes CT, da Silva AM, Santos DA. 17-β-Estradiol increases macrophage activity through activation of the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor and improves the response of female mice to Cryptococcus gattii. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13179. [PMID: 32017324 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cryptococcus gattii (Cg) is one of the agents of cryptococcosis, a severe systemic mycosis with a higher prevalence in men than women, but the influence of the female sex hormone, 17-β-estradiol (E2), on cryptococcosis remains unclear. Our study shows that female mice presented delayed mortality, increased neutrophil recruitment in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and reduced fungal load after 24 hr of infection compared to male and ovariectomised female mice (OVX). E2 replacement restored OVX female survival. Female macrophages have more efficient fungicidal activity, which was increased by E2 and reversed by the antagonist of G-protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER), which negatively modulates PI3K activation. Furthermore, E2 induces a reduction in Cg cell diameter, cell charge, and antioxidant peroxidase activity. In conclusion, female mice present improved control of Cg infection, and GPER is important for E2 modulation of the female response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marliete C Costa
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Gleisy K N Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anderson P N Santos
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriella F Ferreira
- Campus Governador Valadares, Programa Multicêntrico de Pós Graduação em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular-UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J C de Freitas
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Paulo H F do Carmo
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jôsy Hubner
- Laboratório de Genes Inflamatórios, Departamento de Morfologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Elúzia C P Emídio
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Adelina M Dos Reis
- Laboratório de Endocrinologia e Metabolismo, Departamento de Fisiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Caio T Fagundes
- Laboratório de Interação Microrganismo-Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Aristóbolo M da Silva
- Laboratório de Genes Inflamatórios, Departamento de Morfologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Santos
- Laboratório de Micologia, Departamento de Microbiologia, ICB-UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Ma N, Liu W, Zhang X, Gao X, Yu F, Guo W, Meng Y, Gao P, Zhou J, Yuan M, Mi Y, Zhang L, Qi S, Li L, Wang L, Su Q, Yang L, Liu D. Oxidative Stress-Related Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated With Hepatitis B Virus-Induced Liver Disease in the Northern Chinese Han Population. Front Genet 2020; 10:1290. [PMID: 31969899 PMCID: PMC6960262 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and infectious diseases. We identified six critical genetic variants related to oxidative stress, and evaluated their main effects and their interaction effects on hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced liver diseases. We enrolled 3,128 Han Chinese subjects into five groups: healthy controls, chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and natural clearance. We then determined the genotypes in each group for CYBA-rs4673, NCF4-rs1883112, NOX4-rs1836882, rs3017887, SOD2-rs4880, and GCLM-rs41303970, and evaluated the association between these variants and HBV-induced liver diseases. Gene-gene interactions were evaluated using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction, logistic regression, and four-by-two tables. Significant associations were observed between healthy controls and the CIB group (CHB+LC+HCC). The CYBA-rs4673AG genotype was associated with a 1.356 rate of susceptibility of HBV-induced liver disease compared to the wild type GG genotype. The NCF4-rs1883112G allele occurred more frequently in healthy controls than in the CIB group in all three models (dominant, codominant, and recessive). Nox4-rs1836882 TC showed a protective association, being more frequent in healthy controls compared to the wild type TT genotype. GCLM-rs41303970A was associated with HBV-induced liver disease. The overall best model by multifactor dimensionality reduction was a five factor interaction model that had the highest cross validation consistency (10/10) and test accuracy (0.5669), P= 0.001. Oxidative stress-related gene polymorphisms are likely to be associated with HBV-induced liver disease, suggesting that information on these variations is useful for risk assessment of HBV-induced liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenxuan Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Fengxue Yu
- The Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Division of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Weiheng Guo
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanxin Meng
- Antenatal Diagnosis Center, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Meina Yuan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yingjun Mi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sufen Qi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lu Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiao Su
- School of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dianwu Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Melatonin restores Muc2 depletion induced by V. vulnificus VvpM via melatonin receptor 2 coupling with Gαq. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:21. [PMID: 31906951 PMCID: PMC6943958 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine), a hormone produced in the pineal gland, has a variety of biological functions as an antioxidant, but a functional role of melatonin in the regulation of intestinal mucin (Muc) production during bacterial infection has yet to be described in detail. In this study, we investigate the effects of melatonin during Muc2 repression elicited by the Gram-negative bacterium V. vulnificus. Methods Mucus-secreting human HT29-MTX cells were used to study the functional role of melatonin during Muc2 depletion induced by the recombinant protein (r) VvpM produced by V. vulnificus. The regulatory effects of melatonin coupling with melatonin receptor 2 (MT2) on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the activation of PKCδ and ERK, and the hypermethylation of the Muc2 promoter as induced by rVvpM were examined. Experimental mouse models of V. vulnificus infection were used to study the role of melatonin and how it neutralizes the bacterial toxin activity related to Muc2 repression. Results Recombinant protein (r) VvpM significantly reduced the level of Muc2 in HT29-MTX cells. The repression of Muc2 induced by rVvpM was significantly restored upon a treatment with melatonin (1 μM), which had been inhibited by the knockdown of MT2 coupling with Gαq and the NADPH oxidase subunit p47 phox. Melatonin inhibited the ROS-mediated phosphorylation of PKCδ and ERK responsible for region-specific hypermethylation in the Muc2 promoter in rVvpM-treated HT29-MTX cells. In the mouse models of V. vulnificus infection, treatment with melatonin maintained the level of Muc2 expression in the intestine. In addition, the mutation of the VvpM gene from V. vulnificus exhibited an effect similar to that of melatonin. Conclusions These results demonstrate that melatonin acting on MT2 inhibits the hypermethylation of the Muc2 promoter to restore the level of Muc2 production in intestinal epithelial cells infected with V. vulnificus.
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Zhou H, Urso CJ, Jadeja V. Saturated Fatty Acids in Obesity-Associated Inflammation. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1-14. [PMID: 32021375 PMCID: PMC6954080 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s229691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of various pathological conditions including insulin resistance, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Central to these conditions is obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation in many tissues including adipose, liver, muscle, kidney, pancreas, and brain. There is increasing evidence that saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increase the phosphorylation of MAPKs, enhance the activation of transcription factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and elevate the expression of inflammatory genes. This paper focuses on the mechanisms by which SFAs induce inflammation. SFAs may induce the expression inflammatory genes via different pathways including toll-like receptor (TLR), protein kinase C (PKC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. These findings suggest that SFAs act as an important link between obesity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - C J Urso
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
| | - Viren Jadeja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA
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Dahlgren C, Björnsdottir H, Sundqvist M, Christenson K, Bylund J. Measurement of Respiratory Burst Products, Released or Retained, During Activation of Professional Phagocytes. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2087:301-324. [PMID: 31729000 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0154-9_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Activation of professional phagocytes, potent microbial killers of our innate immune system, is associated with an increased cellular consumption of molecular oxygen (O2). The O2 molecules consumed are reduced by electrons delivered by a membrane localized NADPH-oxidase that initially generate one- and two electron reduced superoxide anions (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), respectively. These oxidants can then be processed into other highly reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can kill microbes, but that may also cause tissue destruction and drive other immune cells into apoptosis. The development of basic techniques to measure and quantify ROS generation by phagocytes is of great importance, and a large number of methods have been used for this purpose. A selection of methods (including chemiluminescence amplified by luminol or isoluminol, absorbance change following reduction of cytochrome c, and fluorescence increase upon oxidation of PHPA) are described in detail in this chapter with special emphasis on how to distinguish between ROS that are released extracellularly, and those that are retained within intracellular organelles. These techniques can be valuable tools in research spanning from basic phagocyte biology to diagnosis of diseases linked to the NADPH-oxidase and more clinically oriented research on innate immune mechanisms and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Halla Björnsdottir
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
The superoxide (O2·-)-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-associated heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of NOX2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac. Under physiological conditions, in the resting phagocyte, O2·- generation is initiated by engagement of membrane receptors by a variety of stimuli, followed by signal transduction sequences leading to the translocation of the cytosolic components to the membrane and their association with the cytochrome, a process known as NADPH oxidase assembly. A consequent conformational change in NOX2 initiates the electron flow along a redox gradient, from NADPH to molecular oxygen (O2), leading to the one-electron reduction of O2 to O2·-. Historically, methodological difficulties in the study of the assembled complex derived from stimulated cells, due to its lack of stability, led to the design of "cell-free" systems (also known as "broken cells" or in vitro systems). In a major paradigm shift, the cell-free systems have as their starting point NADPH oxidase components derived from resting (unstimulated) phagocytes, or as in the predominant method at present, recombinant proteins representing the components of the NADPH oxidase complex. In cell-free systems, membrane receptor stimulation and the signal transduction sequence are absent, the accent being placed on the actual process of assembly, all of which takes place in vitro. Thus, a mixture of the individual components of the NADPH oxidase is exposed in vitro to an activating agent, the most common being anionic amphiphiles, resulting in the formation of a complex between cytochrome b 558 and the cytosolic components and O2·- generation in the presence of NADPH. Alternative activating pathways require posttranslational modification of oxidase components or modifying the phospholipid milieu surrounding cytochrome b 558. Activation is commonly quantified by measuring the primary product of the reaction, O2·-, trapped immediately after its generation by an appropriate acceptor in a kinetic assay, permitting the calculation of rates of O2·- production, but numerous variations exist, based on the assessment of reaction products or the consumption of substrates. Cell-free assays played a paramount role in the identification and characterization of the components of the NADPH oxidase complex, the performance of structure-function studies, the deciphering of the mechanisms of assembly, the search for inhibitory drugs, and the diagnosis of various forms of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD).
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Xie K, Varatnitskaya M, Maghnouj A, Bader V, Winklhofer KF, Hahn S, Leichert LI. Activation leads to a significant shift in the intracellular redox homeostasis of neutrophil-like cells. Redox Biol 2019; 28:101344. [PMID: 31639650 PMCID: PMC6807386 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils produce a cocktail of oxidative species during the so-called oxidative burst to attack phagocytized bacteria. However, little is known about the neutrophils' redox homeostasis during the oxidative burst and there is currently no consensus about the interplay between oxidative species and cellular signaling, e.g. during the initiation of the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Using the genetically encoded redox sensor roGFP2, expressed in the cytoplasm of the neutrophil-like cell line PLB-985, we saw that stimulation by both PMA and E. coli resulted in oxidation of the thiol residues in this probe. In contrast to the redox state of phagocytized bacteria, which completely breaks down, the neutrophils' cytoplasmic redox state switched from its intital -318 ± 6 mV to a new, albeit higher oxidized, steady state of -264 ± 5 mV in the presence of bacteria. This highly significant oxidation of the cytosol (p value = 7 × 10-5) is dependent on NOX2 activity, but independent of the most effective thiol oxidant produced in neutrophils, MPO-derived HOCl. While the shift in the intracellular redox potential is correlated with effective NETosis, it is, by itself not sufficient: Inhibition of MPO, while not affecting the cytosolic oxidation, significantly decreased NETosis. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K, which abrogates cytosolic oxidation, did not fully prevent NETosis induced by phagocytosis of bacteria. Thus, we conclude that NET-formation is regulated in a multifactorial way, in part by changes of the cytosolic thiol redox homeostasis in neutrophils, depending on the circumstance under which the generation of NETs was initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Xie
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Microbial Biochemistry, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marharyta Varatnitskaya
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Microbial Biochemistry, Bochum, Germany
| | - Abdelouahid Maghnouj
- Ruhr University Bochum, Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Cell Biology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Cell Biology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephan Hahn
- Ruhr University Bochum, Department of Molecular Gastrointestinal Oncology, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars I Leichert
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Microbial Biochemistry, Bochum, Germany.
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Pick E. Using Synthetic Peptides for Exploring Protein-Protein Interactions in the Assembly of the NADPH Oxidase Complex. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1982:377-415. [PMID: 31172485 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9424-3_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The NADPH oxidase complex, responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by phagocytes, consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of NOX2 and p22phox) and the cytosolic components p47phox, p67phox, Rac(1 or 2), and p40phox. NOX2 carries all redox stations through which electrons flow from NADPH to molecular oxygen, to generate the primary ROS, superoxide. For the electron flow to start, a conformational change in NOX2 is required. The dominant hypothesis is that this change is the result of the interaction of NOX2 with one or more of the cytosolic components (NADPH oxidase assembly). At the most basic level, assembly is the sum of several protein-protein interactions among oxidase components. This chapter describes a reductionist approach to the identification of regions in oxidase components involved in assembly. This approach consists of "transforming" one component in an array of overlapping synthetic peptides and assessing binding to the peptides of another component, represented by a recombinant protein. The peptides are tagged with biotin, at the N- or C-terminus, and immobilized on streptavidin-coated 96-well plates. The protein partners are expressed with a 6His tag and added to the plates in the fluid phase. Binding of the protein to the peptides is quantified by a kinetic ELISA , using a peroxidase-conjugated anti-polyhistidine antibody. Protein-peptide binding assays were applied successfully to (a) identifying the binding site on one component (represented by peptides) for another component (proteins), (b) precisely defining the "binding sequence," (c) acquiring information on the binding site in the partner protein, (d) investigating the effect of conformational changes in proteins on binding to peptides, (e) determining the effect of physicochemical modification of peptides on binding of proteins, and (f) identifying epitopes recognized by anti-oxidase component antibodies by binding of antibody to peptide arrays derived from the component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Pick
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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45
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Xie K, Bunse C, Marcus K, Leichert LI. Quantifying changes in the bacterial thiol redox proteome during host-pathogen interaction. Redox Biol 2018; 21:101087. [PMID: 30682706 PMCID: PMC6351232 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocyte-derived production of a complex mixture of different oxidants is a major mechanism of the host defense against microbial intruders. On the protein level, a major target of these oxidants is the thiol group of the amino acid cysteine in proteins. Oxidation of thiol groups is a widespread regulatory post-translational protein modification. It is used by bacteria to respond to and to overcome oxidative stress. Numerous redox proteomic studies have shown that protein thiols in bacteria, such as Escherichia coli react towards a number of oxidants in specific ways. However, our knowledge about protein thiols in bacteria exposed to the complex mixture of oxidants encountered in the phagolysosome is still limited. In this study, we used a quantitative redox proteomic method (OxICAT) to assess the in vivo thiol oxidation status of phagocytized E. coli. The majority (65.5%) of identified proteins harbored thiols that were significantly oxidized (> 30%) upon phagocytosis. A substantial number of these proteins are from major metabolic pathways or are involved in cell detoxification and stress response, suggesting a systemic breakdown of the bacterial cysteine proteome in phagocytized bacteria. 16 of the oxidized proteins provide E. coli with a significant growth advantage in the presence of H2O2, when compared to deletion mutants lacking these proteins, and 11 were shown to be essential under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaibo Xie
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Microbial Biochemistry, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Christina Bunse
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Katrin Marcus
- Ruhr University Bochum, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars I Leichert
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Microbial Biochemistry, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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46
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Recio C, Lucy D, Iveson P, Iqbal AJ, Valaris S, Wynne G, Russell AJ, Choudhury RP, O'Callaghan C, Monaco C, Greaves DR. The Role of Metabolite-Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Inflammation and Metabolic Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:237-256. [PMID: 29117706 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Great attention has been placed on the link between metabolism and immune function giving rise to the term "immunometabolism." It is widely accepted that inflammation and oxidative stress are key processes that underlie metabolic complications during obesity, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Therefore, identifying the mechanisms and mediators that are involved in the regulation of both inflammation and metabolic homeostasis is of high scientific and therapeutic interest. Recent Advances: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that signal in response to metabolites have emerged as attractive therapeutic targets in inflammatory disease. Critical Issues and Future Directions: In this review, we discuss recent findings about the physiological role of the main metabolite-sensing GPCRs, their implication in immunometabolic disorders, their principal endogenous and synthetic ligands, and their potential as drug targets in inflammation and metabolic disease. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 237-256.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Recio
- 1 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Daniel Lucy
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Poppy Iveson
- 1 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Asif J Iqbal
- 1 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Sophia Valaris
- 1 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Graham Wynne
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Angela J Russell
- 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Robin P Choudhury
- 3 Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Chris O'Callaghan
- 4 Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - Claudia Monaco
- 5 Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
| | - David R Greaves
- 1 Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford , Oxford, Great Britain
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47
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Zhang Y, Li Y, He Y, Hu W, Zhang Y, Wang X, Tang H. Identification of NADPH oxidase family members associated with cold stress in strawberry. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:593-605. [PMID: 29632812 PMCID: PMC5881550 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidase is encoded by a small gene family (Respiratory burst oxidase homologs, Rbohs) and plays an important role in regulating various biological processes. However, little information about this gene family is currently available for strawberry. In this study, a total of seven Rboh genes were identified from strawberry through genomewide analysis. Gene structure analysis showed the number of exons ranged from 10 to 23, implying that this variation occurred in FvRboh genes by the insertion and distribution of introns; the order and approximate size of exons were relatively conserved. FvRbohC was predicted to localize to the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast, while other members were computed to localize to the plasma membrane, indicating different functions. Amino acid sequence alignment, conserved domain, and motif analysis showed that all identified FvRbohs had typical features of plant Rbohs. Phylogenetic analysis of Rbohs from strawberry, grape, Arabidopsis, and rice suggested that the FvRbohs could be divided into five subgroups and showed a closer relationship with those from grape and Arabidopsis than those from rice. The expression patterns of FvRboh genes in root, stem, leaf, flower, and fruit revealed robust tissue specificity. The expression levels of FvRbohA and FvRbohD were quickly induced by cold stress, followed by an increase in NADPH oxidase activity, leading to O2− accumulation and triggering the antioxidant reaction by the transient increases in SOD activity. This suggested these two genes may be involved in cold stress and defense responses in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Yali Li
- College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Yuwei He
- College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China.,Institute of Pomology and Olericulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu China
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48
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Alpha-synuclein: Pathology, mitochondrial dysfunction and neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 109:249-257. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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49
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Masoud R, Serfaty X, Erard M, Machillot P, Karimi G, Hudik E, Wien F, Baciou L, Houée-Levin C, Bizouarn T. Conversion of NOX2 into a constitutive enzyme in vitro and in living cells, after its binding with a chimera of the regulatory subunits. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:470-477. [PMID: 29079525 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
During the phagocytosis of pathogens by phagocyte cells, the NADPH oxidase complex is activated to produce superoxide anion, a precursor of microbial oxidants. The activated NADPH oxidase complex from phagocytes consists in two transmembrane proteins (Nox2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic proteins (p40phox, p47phox, p67phox and Rac1-2). In the resting state of the cells, these proteins are dispersed in the cytosol, the membrane of granules and the plasma membrane. In order to synchronize the assembly of the cytosolic subunits on the membrane components of the oxidase, a fusion of the cytosolic proteins p47phox, p67phox and Rac1 named trimera was constructed. The trimera investigated in this paper is composed of the p47phox segment 1-286, the p67phox segment 1-212 and the mutated Rac1(Q61L). We demonstrate that the complex trimera-cyt b558 is functionally comparable to the one containing the separated subunits. Each of the subunits p47phox, p67phox and Rac1Q61L has kept its own activating property. The trimera is produced in an activated conformation as seen by circular dichroism. However, the presence of amphiphile is still necessary in a cell-free system to trigger superoxide anion production. The COS7gp91-p22 cells expressing the trimera produce continuously superoxide anion at high rate. This constitutive activity in cells can be of particular interest for understanding the NADPH oxidase functioning independently of signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawand Masoud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Xavier Serfaty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marie Erard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Paul Machillot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Gilda Karimi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Elodie Hudik
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Frank Wien
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, campus Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Laura Baciou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Chantal Houée-Levin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Tania Bizouarn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR8000, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France.
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50
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Mosher DF, Wilkerson EM, Turton KB, Hebert AS, Coon JJ. Proteomics of Eosinophil Activation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2017; 4:159. [PMID: 29034237 PMCID: PMC5626809 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently identified and quantified >7,000 proteins in non-activated human peripheral blood eosinophils using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and described phosphoproteomic changes that accompany acute activation of eosinophils by interleukin-5 (IL5) (1). These data comprise a treasure trove of information about eosinophils. We illustrate the power of label-free LC-MS/MS quantification by considering four examples: complexity of eosinophil STATs, contribution of immunoproteasome subunits to eosinophil proteasomes, complement of integrin subunits, and contribution of platelet proteins originating from platelet-eosinophil complexes to the overall proteome. We describe how isobaric labeling enables robust sample-to-sample comparisons and relate the 220 phosphosites that changed significantly upon treatment with IL5 to previous studies of eosinophil activation. Finally, we review previous attempts to leverage the power of mass spectrometry to discern differences between eosinophils of healthy subjects and those with eosinophil-associated conditions and point out features of label-free quantification and isobaric labeling that are important in planning future mass spectrometric studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deane F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Emily M Wilkerson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Keren B Turton
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alexander S Hebert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Joshua J Coon
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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