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THIRUMALAI A, ELBOUGHDIRI N, HARINI K, GIRIGOSWAMI K, GIRIGOSWAMI A. Phosphorus-carrying cascade molecules: inner architecture to biomedical applications. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:667-688. [PMID: 38174062 PMCID: PMC10760543 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cascade molecules are nearly uniform-sized macromolecules of small molecules or linear polymer cores built around symmetric branching units. A wide range of biological properties can be achieved with phosphorus-containing dendrimers, depending on their terminal functions, ranging from biomaterials to imaging, drug delivery, and acting as a drug by themselves. This feature article presents significant examples of phosphorus-containing dendrimers used to develop biochips, support cell cultures, carry or deliver biomacromolecules and drugs, bioimaging, and combinational benefits. Because of the thermal stability, ferrocene function, and physical and chemical properties of phosphorus, dendrimers show greater rigidity, mobility, and strength. These dendrimers will be discussed as having a favorable effect on cell growths, especially on neuronal cells, as well as human immune cells like natural killer cells and monocytes, which have a crucial part in preventing cancerous and viral infections. Several phosphorus dendrimers are effective as drugs by themselves (drug per se) and show their activity against neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, inflammation, ocular hypertension, and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) in both in vivo and in vitro. The present review discusses the synthetic route, fabrications, and biomedical applications of phosphorus-containing dendrimers. The toxicity of these dendrimers was also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhagan THIRUMALAI
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN,
India
| | - Noureddine ELBOUGHDIRI
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail,
Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical Engineering Process, National School of Engineers Gabes, University of Gabes, Gabes,
Tunisia
| | - Karthick HARINI
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN,
India
| | - Koyeli GIRIGOSWAMI
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN,
India
| | - Agnishwar GIRIGOSWAMI
- Department of Medical Bionanotechnology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chennai, TN,
India
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Apartsin E, Akhir A, Kaul G, Saxena D, Laurent R, Srivastava KK, Mignani S, Majoral JP, Chopra S. Low-Generation Cationic Phosphorus Dendrimers: Novel Approach to Tackle Drug-Resistant S. aureus In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomacromolecules 2023. [PMID: 37269298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The incessant, global increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a very big challenge for healthcare systems. AMR is predicted to grow at an alarming pace, with a dramatic increase in morbidity, mortality, and a 100 trillion US$ loss to the global economy by 2050. The mortality rate caused by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is much higher as compared to infections caused by drug-susceptible S. aureus. Additionally, there is a big paucity of therapeutics available for treatment of serious infections caused by MRSA. Thus, the discovery and development of novel therapies is an urgent, unmet medical need. In this context, we synthesized AE4G0, a low-generation cationic-phosphorus dendrimer expressing potent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and Enterococcus sp., and demonstrating a broad selectivity index against eukaryotic cells. AE4G0 exhibits concentration-dependent, bactericidal activity and synergizes with gentamicin, especially against gentamicin-resistant MRSA NRS119. Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy demonstrate that treatment with AE4G0 led to the utter destruction of S. aureus ATCC 29213 without inducing resistance, despite repeated exposure. When tested in vivo, AE4G0 demonstrates significant efficacy against S. aureus ATCC 29213, alone and in combination with gentamicin against gentamicin-resistant S. aureus NRS119 in the murine skin model of infection. Taken together, AE4G0 demonstrates the potential to be translated as a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of topical, drug-resistant S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Apartsin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMM, UMR5248, Univ of Bordeaux, F-33600 Pessac,France
| | - Abdul Akhir
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Grace Kaul
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Deepanshi Saxena
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Regis Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Kishore Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Serge Mignani
- UNICAEN, CERMN (Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Medicament de Normandie), 14032 Caen, France
- CQM─Centro de Quimica da Madeira, MMRG, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9020-10519, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow-226031, Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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Arkas M, Giannakopoulos K, Favvas EP, Papageorgiou S, Theodorakopoulos GV, Giannoulatou A, Vardavoulias M, Giannakoudakis DA, Triantafyllidis KS, Georgiou E, Pashalidis I. Comparative Study of the U(VI) Adsorption by Hybrid Silica-Hyperbranched Poly(ethylene imine) Nanoparticles and Xerogels. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13111794. [PMID: 37299697 DOI: 10.3390/nano13111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two different silica conformations (xerogels and nanoparticles), both formed by the mediation of dendritic poly (ethylene imine), were tested at low pHs for problematic uranyl cation sorption. The effect of crucial factors, i.e., temperature, electrostatic forces, adsorbent composition, accessibility of the pollutant to the dendritic cavities, and MW of the organic matrix, was investigated to determine the optimum formulation for water purification under these conditions. This was attained with the aid of UV-visible and FTIR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), ζ-potential, liquid nitrogen (LN2) porosimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results highlighted that both adsorbents have extraordinary sorption capacities. Xerogels are cost-effective since they approximate the performance of nanoparticles with much less organic content. Both adsorbents could be used in the form of dispersions. The xerogels, though, are more practicable materials since they may penetrate the pores of a metal or ceramic solid substrate in the form of a precursor gel-forming solution, producing composite purification devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Arkas
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Giannakopoulos
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos P Favvas
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Sergios Papageorgiou
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - George V Theodorakopoulos
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | - Artemis Giannoulatou
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Efthalia Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ioannis Pashalidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Moreira DA, Santos SD, Leiro V, Pêgo AP. Dendrimers and Derivatives as Multifunctional Nanotherapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041054. [PMID: 37111540 PMCID: PMC10140951 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. It affects more than 30 million people worldwide and costs over US$ 1.3 trillion annually. AD is characterized by the brain accumulation of amyloid β peptide in fibrillar structures and the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates in neurons, both leading to toxicity and neuronal death. At present, there are only seven drugs approved for the treatment of AD, of which only two can slow down cognitive decline. Moreover, their use is only recommended for the early stages of AD, meaning that the major portion of AD patients still have no disease-modifying treatment options. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop efficient therapies for AD. In this context, nanobiomaterials, and dendrimers in particular, offer the possibility of developing multifunctional and multitargeted therapies. Due to their intrinsic characteristics, dendrimers are first-in-class macromolecules for drug delivery. They have a globular, well-defined, and hyperbranched structure, controllable nanosize and multivalency, which allows them to act as efficient and versatile nanocarriers of different therapeutic molecules. In addition, different types of dendrimers display antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-prion, and most importantly for the AD field, anti-amyloidogenic properties. Therefore, dendrimers can not only be excellent nanocarriers, but also be used as drugs per se. Here, the outstanding properties of dendrimers and derivatives that make them excellent AD nanotherapeutics are reviewed and critically discussed. The biological properties of several dendritic structures (dendrimers, derivatives, and dendrimer-like polymers) that enable them to be used as drugs for AD treatment will be pointed out and the chemical and structural characteristics behind those properties will be analysed. The reported use of these nanomaterials as nanocarriers in AD preclinical research is also presented. Finally, future perspectives and challenges that need to be overcome to make their use in the clinic a reality are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora A Moreira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia D Santos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Victoria Leiro
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Pêgo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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5
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Farhana A. Enhancing Skin Cancer Immunotheranostics and Precision Medicine through Functionalized Nanomodulators and Nanosensors: Recent Development and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3493. [PMID: 36834917 PMCID: PMC9959821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers, especially melanomas, present a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the scientific community. Currently, the incidence of melanomas shows a high increase worldwide. Traditional therapeutics are limited to stalling or reversing malignant proliferation, increased metastasis, or rapid recurrence. Nonetheless, the advent of immunotherapy has led to a paradigm shift in treating skin cancers. Many state-of-art immunotherapeutic techniques, namely, active vaccination, chimeric antigen receptors, adoptive T-cell transfer, and immune checkpoint blockers, have achieved a considerable increase in survival rates. Despite its promising outcomes, current immunotherapy is still limited in its efficacy. Newer modalities are now being explored, and significant progress is made by integrating cancer immunotherapy with modular nanotechnology platforms to enhance its therapeutic efficacy and diagnostics. Research on targeting skin cancers with nanomaterial-based techniques has been much more recent than other cancers. Current investigations using nanomaterial-mediated targeting of nonmelanoma and melanoma cancers are directed at augmenting drug delivery and immunomodulation of skin cancers to induce a robust anticancer response and minimize toxic effects. Many novel nanomaterial formulations are being discovered, and clinical trials are underway to explore their efficacy in targeting skin cancers through functionalization or drug encapsulation. The focus of this review rivets on theranostic nanomaterials that can modulate immune mechanisms toward protective, therapeutic, or diagnostic approaches for skin cancers. The recent breakthroughs in nanomaterial-based immunotherapeutic modulation of skin cancer types and diagnostic potentials in personalized immunotherapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia
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Arkas M, Vardavoulias M, Kythreoti G, Giannakoudakis DA. Dendritic Polymers in Tissue Engineering: Contributions of PAMAM, PPI PEG and PEI to Injury Restoration and Bioactive Scaffold Evolution. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020524. [PMID: 36839847 PMCID: PMC9966633 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The capability of radially polymerized bio-dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers for medical applications is well established. Perhaps the most important implementations are those that involve interactions with the regenerative mechanisms of cells. In general, they are non-toxic or exhibit very low toxicity. Thus, they allow unhindered and, in many cases, faster cell proliferation, a property that renders them ideal materials for tissue engineering scaffolds. Their resemblance to proteins permits the synthesis of derivatives that mimic collagen and elastin or are capable of biomimetic hydroxy apatite production. Due to their distinctive architecture (core, internal branches, terminal groups), dendritic polymers may play many roles. The internal cavities may host cell differentiation genes and antimicrobial protection drugs. Suitable terminal groups may modify the surface chemistry of cells and modulate the external membrane charge promoting cell adhesion and tissue assembly. They may also induce polymer cross-linking for healing implementation in the eyes, skin, and internal organ wounds. The review highlights all the different categories of hard and soft tissues that may be remediated with their contribution. The reader will also be exposed to the incorporation of methods for establishment of biomaterials, functionalization strategies, and the synthetic paths for organizing assemblies from biocompatible building blocks and natural metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Arkas
- Institute of Nanoscience Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Gregoriou Street, 15310 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-650-3669
| | | | - Georgia Kythreoti
- Institute of Nanoscience Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Gregoriou Street, 15310 Athens, Greece
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Effects of Cationic Dendrimers and Their Complexes with microRNAs on Immunocompetent Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010148. [PMID: 36678776 PMCID: PMC9862986 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Short regulatory oligonucleotides are considered prospective tools for immunotherapy. However, they require an adequate carrier to deliver potential therapeutics into immune cells. Herein, we explore the potential of polycationic dendrimers as carriers for microRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors. As an oligonucleotide cargo, we use a synthetic mimic and an inhibitor of miR-155, an important factor in the development and functioning of immunocompetent cells. Dendrimers bind microRNAs into low-cytotoxic polyelectrolyte complexes that are efficiently uptaken by immunocompetent cells. We have shown these complexes to affect the number of T-regulatory cells, CD14+ and CD19+ cell subpopulations in non-activated mononuclear cells. The treatment affected the expression of HLA-DR on T-cells and PD-1 expression on T- and B-lymphocytes. It also affected the production of IL-4 and IL-10, but not the perforin and granzyme B production. Our findings suggest the potential of dendrimer-mediated microRNA-155 treatment for immunotherapy, though the activity of microRNA-dendrimer constructions on distinct immune cell subsets can be further improved.
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Specific Bifunctionalization on the Surface of Phosphorus Dendrimers Syntheses and Properties. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are highly branched macromolecules possessing, in most cases, identical terminal functions. However, it is sometimes desirable to have two types of surface functions in order to fulfil specific properties. The stochastic functionalization is frequently used for such purposes, but the presence of an uncontrolled number of each type of terminal function, albeit acceptable for research purposes, has no practical use. Thus, it is highly desirable to find strategies suitable for the precise grafting of two different functional groups on the surface of dendrimers. The easiest way, and the most widely used, consists in using a bifunctional monomer to be grafted to all of the surface functions of the dendrimers. Two other strategies are known but are rarely used: the modification of an existing function, to generate two functions, and the sequential grafting of one function then of a second function. The three methods are illustrated in this review with polyphosphorhydrazone (PPH) dendrimers, together with their properties as catalysts, for materials, and as biological tools.
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Ben Mrid R, Bouchmaa N, Ainani H, El Fatimy R, Malka G, Mazini L. Anti-rheumatoid drugs advancements: New insights into the molecular treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113126. [PMID: 35643074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of more than 100 types of arthritis. This chronic autoimmune disorder affects the lining of synovial joints in about 0.5% of people and may induce severe joints deformity and disability. RA impacts health life of people from all sexes and ages with more prevalence in elderly and women people. Significant improvement has been noted in the last two decades revealing the mechanisms of the development of RA, the improvement of the early diagnosis and the development of new treatment options. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) remain the most known treatments used against RA. However, not all patients respond well to these drugs and therefore, new solutions are of immense need to improve the disease outcomes. In the present review, we discuss and highlight the recent findings concerning the different classes of RA therapies including the conventional and modern drug therapies, as well as the recent emerging options including the phyto-cannabinoid and cell- and RNA-based therapies. A better understanding of their mechanisms and pathways might help find a specific target against inflammation, cartilage damage, and reduce side effects in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reda Ben Mrid
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Najat Bouchmaa
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Hassan Ainani
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Rachid El Fatimy
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Gabriel Malka
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Loubna Mazini
- Institute of Biological Sciences (ISSB-P), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), 43150 Ben-Guerir, Morocco.
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Caminade AM, Turrin CO, Poupot R. Curing inflammatory diseases using phosphorous dendrimers. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1783. [PMID: 35194953 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Different types of water-soluble phosphorous dendrimers have been synthesized and display many different biological properties. It has been shown in particular that phosphorous dendrimers of first generation functionalized with azabisphosphonate terminal functions are able to stimulate the human immune system ex vivo. These dendrimers are internalized by monocytes within a few seconds, and induce their anti-inflammatory activation. The presence of the dendrimers induces also the inhibition of the differentiation of monocytes into osteoclasts, the maturation of dendritic cells, and inhibits the proliferation of the proinflammatory CD4+ T lymphocytes. Finally, after 2-3 weeks of culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, amplifications by several tens of natural killer cells is observed. In view of all these properties, the influence of these azabisphosphonate-dendrimers has been tested in vivo with several animal models, against different chronic or acute inflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, uveitis, and psoriasis, but also against myeloid leukemia, a hematological cancer. The hematological safety has been demonstrated in mice, as there is no platelet aggregation, no hemolysis, and no disturbance in the hematological formula. The safety of the azabisphosphonate-dendrimer has been assessed also with non-human primates (cynomolgus monkeys) which received repeated injections, as a de-risking pre-clinical test. Biochemical, hematological, and all immunological parameters in peripheral blood remained within a normal physiological range throughout the study, and all survived well. Other phosphorous dendrimers also display anti-inflammatory properties in vivo, in particular dendrimers functionalized with mannose derivatives, which prevent acute lung diseases when given orally (per os) to mice. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS UPR8241, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric-Olivier Turrin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination (LCC), CNRS UPR8241, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
- IMD-Pharma, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Rémy Poupot
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires, CHU Purpan, Toulouse Cedex 3, France
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
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11
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Dey AD, Bigham A, Esmaeili Y, Ashrafizadeh M, Moghaddam FD, Tan SC, Yousefiasl S, Sharma S, Maleki A, Rabiee N, Kumar AP, Thakur VK, Orive G, Sharifi E, Kumar A, Makvandi P. Dendrimers as nanoscale vectors: Unlocking the bars of cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:396-419. [PMID: 35700939 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the first choice in the treatment of cancer and is always preferred to other approaches such as radiation and surgery, but it has never met the need of patients for a safe and effective drug. Therefore, new advances in cancer treatment are now needed to reduce the side effects and burdens associated with chemotherapy for cancer patients. Targeted treatment using nanotechnology are now being actively explored as they could effectively deliver therapeutic agents to tumor cells without affecting normal cells. Dendrimers are promising nanocarriers with distinct physiochemical properties that have received considerable attention in cancer therapy studies, which is partly due to the numerous functional groups on their surface. In this review, we discuss the progress of different types of dendrimers as delivery systems in cancer therapy, focusing on the challenges, opportunities, and functionalities of the polymeric molecules. The paper also reviews the various role of dendrimers in their entry into cells via endocytosis, as well as the molecular and inflammatory pathways in cancer. In addition, various dendrimers-based drug delivery (e.g., pH-responsive, enzyme-responsive, redox-responsive, thermo-responsive, etc.) and lipid-, amino acid-, polymer- and nanoparticle-based modifications for gene delivery, as well as co-delivery of drugs and genes in cancer therapy with dendrimers, are presented. Finally, biosafety concerns and issues hindering the transition of dendrimers from research to the clinic are discussed to shed light on their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Deka Dey
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials-National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54-Mostra d'Oltremare pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- Biosensor Research Center (BRC), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Satar Yousefiasl
- School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838736 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saurav Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aziz Maleki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran; Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran; Cancer Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1989934148 Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea; School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, 80125 Italy.
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interfaces, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy.
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12
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Degboé Y, Poupot R, Poupot M. Repolarization of Unbalanced Macrophages: Unmet Medical Need in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1496. [PMID: 35163420 PMCID: PMC8835955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and their tissue counterpart macrophages (MP) constitute the front line of the immune system. Indeed, they are able to rapidly and efficiently detect both external and internal danger signals, thereby activating the immune system to eradicate the disturbing biological, chemical, or physical agents. They are also in charge of the control of the immune response and account for the repair of the damaged tissues, eventually restoring tissue homeostasis. The balance between these dual activities must be thoroughly controlled in space and time. Any sustained unbalanced response of MP leads to pathological disorders, such as chronic inflammation, or favors cancer development and progression. In this review, we take advantage of our expertise in chronic inflammation, especially in rheumatoid arthritis, and in cancer, to highlight the pivotal role of MP in the physiopathology of these disorders and to emphasize the repolarization of unbalanced MP as a promising therapeutic strategy to control these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Degboé
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Département de Rhumatologie, CHU Toulouse, 31029 Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Poupot
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
| | - Mary Poupot
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, 31037 Toulouse, France;
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13
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Gao Y, Shen M, Shi X. Interaction of dendrimers with the immune system: An insight into cancer nanotheranostics. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low‐dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low‐dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials International Joint Laboratory for Advanced Fiber and Low‐dimension Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai People's Republic of China
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14
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Wang T, Cai Z, Chen Y, Lee WK, Kwan CS, Li M, Chan ASC, Chen ZF, Cheung AKL, Leung KCF. MALDI-MS Imaging Analysis of Noninflammatory Type III Rotaxane Dendrimers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:2488-2494. [PMID: 32813518 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rotaxane dendrimers with hyperbranched macromolecular interlocked structures and size modulation capacity demonstrate drug binding and release ability upon external stimuli. Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) can offer the high-throughput screening of endogenous/exogenous compounds. Herein, we reported a novel method to display the in situ spatial distribution of label-free monodispersed type III rotaxane dendrimers (RDs) G1 (first generation, size ∼1.5 nm) and G2 (second generation, size ∼5 nm) that were explored as potential drug vehicles in spleen tissue by using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-MSI). Experimental results indicated that the trans-2-[3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-2-methyl-2-propenylidene]malononitrile (DCTB) matrix exhibited the best performance for monodispersed type III RDs G1 and G2. The optimized method was successfully applied to map the in vivo spatial distribution of type III RDs G1 and G2 in the spleen from intraperitoneally injected mice. The MALDI-MSI images revealed that RDs G1 and G2 were relatively stable in the spleen within 24 h after administration. It was found that the identified type III RDs G1 and G2 penetrated through the tunica serosa and were predominantly localized in red pulp regions of spleens. They were also mapped in a marginal zone of spleens simultaneously. There was almost no toxicity of type III RDs G1 and G2 to mice spleens from the H&E results. Furthermore, the type III RDs did not induce the expression of inflammatory cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or THP-1 monocytes. The MSI analysis not only demonstrated its ability to image select rotaxane dendrimers in a rapid and efficient manner but also provided tremendous assistance on the applications of the further treatment of cancerous tissue as safe drug carriers. Furthermore, the new strategy demonstrated in this study could be applied on other label-free mechanically interlocked molecules, molecular machines, and macromolecules, which opened a new path to evaluate the toxicological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of these novel materials at the suborgan level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wang Ka Lee
- Department of Biology, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chak-Shing Kwan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Albert S C Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Lee & Man Technology Company Ltd., 8 Huanshi Avenue, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Feng Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Allen Ka Loon Cheung
- Department of Biology, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ken Cham-Fai Leung
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Abd-El-Aziz AS, Abdelghani AA, El-Ghezlani EG, Abou El-Ezz D, Abdel-Rahman LH. Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Organoiron Dendrimers as Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Agents. Macromol Biosci 2020; 21:e2000242. [PMID: 33063474 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of a novel and attractive class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial organoiron dendrimers attached to the well-known drug ibuprofen is achieved. The structures of these dendrimers are established by spectroscopic and analytical techniques. The antimicrobial activity of these dendrimers is investigated and tested against five human pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and minimum inhibitory concentrations are reported. Some of these synthesized dendrimers exhibit higher inhibitory activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus warneri compare to the reference drugs. As well, the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of these dendrimers are evaluated. The results of in vivo anti-inflammatory activity and histopathology of inflamed paws show that all dendrimers display considerable anti-inflammatory activity; however, second-generation dendrimer (G2-D6) shows the best anti-inflammatory activity, which is more potent than the commercial drug ibuprofen at the same tested dose. Results of the toxicity study reveal that G2-D6 is the safest drug on biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa S Abd-El-Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Amani A Abdelghani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Ebtehal G El-Ghezlani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Doaa Abou El-Ezz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA University), Giza, 12566, Egypt
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16
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Zeng Y, Li Z, Zhu H, Gu Z, Zhang H, Luo K. Recent Advances in Nanomedicines for Multiple Sclerosis Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6571-6597. [PMID: 35019387 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zeng
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiqian Li
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Amgen Bioprocessing Centre, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, California 91711, United States
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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17
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A review on synthesis and applications of dendrimers. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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18
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Lasola JJM, Kamdem H, McDaniel MW, Pearson RM. Biomaterial-Driven Immunomodulation: Cell Biology-Based Strategies to Mitigate Severe Inflammation and Sepsis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1726. [PMID: 32849612 PMCID: PMC7418829 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential component of a wide variety of disease processes and oftentimes can increase the deleterious effects of a disease. Finding ways to modulate this essential immune process is the basis for many therapeutics under development and is a burgeoning area of research for both basic and translational immunology. In addition to developing therapeutics for cellular and molecular targets, the use of biomaterials to modify innate and adaptive immune responses is an area that has recently sparked significant interest. In particular, immunomodulatory activity can be engineered into biomaterials to elicit heightened or dampened immune responses for use in vaccines, immune tolerance, or anti-inflammatory applications. Importantly, the inherent physicochemical properties of the biomaterials play a significant role in determining the observed effects. Properties including composition, molecular weight, size, surface charge, and others affect interactions with immune cells (i.e., nano-bio interactions) and allow for differential biological responses such as activation or inhibition of inflammatory signaling pathways, surface molecule expression, and antigen presentation to be encoded. Numerous opportunities to open new avenues of research to understand the ways in which immune cells interact with and integrate information from their environment may provide critical solutions needed to treat a variety of disorders and diseases where immune dysregulation is a key inciting event. However, to elicit predictable immune responses there is a great need for a thorough understanding of how the biomaterial properties can be tuned to harness a designed immunological outcome. This review aims to systematically describe the biological effects of nanoparticle properties-separate from additional small molecule or biologic delivery-on modulating innate immune cell responses in the context of severe inflammation and sepsis. We propose that nanoparticles represent a potential polypharmacological strategy to simultaneously modify multiple aspects of dysregulated immune responses where single target therapies have fallen short for these applications. This review intends to serve as a resource for immunology labs and other associated fields that would like to apply the growing field of rationally designed biomaterials into their work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackline Joy Martín Lasola
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Henry Kamdem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael W. McDaniel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ryan M. Pearson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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19
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An Anti-Inflammatory Poly(PhosphorHydrazone) Dendrimer Capped with AzaBisPhosphonate Groups to Treat Psoriasis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060949. [PMID: 32586038 PMCID: PMC7356153 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are nanosized, arborescent macromolecules synthesized in a stepwise fashion with attractive degrees of functionality and structure definition. This is one of the reasons why they are widely used for biomedical applications. Previously, we have shown that a poly(phosphorhydrazone) (PPH) dendrimer capped with anionic azabisphosphonate groups (so-called ABP dendrimer) has immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties towards human immune cells in vitro. Thereafter, we have shown that the ABP dendrimer has a promising therapeutic efficacy to treat models of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders in animal models. In these models, the active pharmaceutical ingredient was administered systematically (intravenous and oral administrations), but also loco-regionally in the vitreous tissue. Herein, we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of the ABP dendrimer in the preclinical mouse model of psoriasis induced by imiquimod. The ABP dendrimer was administered in phosphate-buffered saline solution via either systemic injection or topical application. We show that the topical application enabled the control of both the clinical and histopathological scores, and the control of the infiltration of macrophages in the skin of treated mice.
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20
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Stojceski F, Grasso G, Pallante L, Danani A. Molecular and Coarse-Grained Modeling to Characterize and Optimize Dendrimer-Based Nanocarriers for Short Interfering RNA Delivery. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:2978-2986. [PMID: 32095720 PMCID: PMC7033960 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimer nanocarriers are unique hyper-branched polymers with biomolecule-like properties, representing a promising prospect as a nucleic acid delivery system. The design of effective dendrimer-based gene carriers requires considering several parameters, such as carrier morphology, size, molecular weight, surface chemistry, and flexibility/rigidity. In detail, the rational design of the dendrimer surface chemistry has been ascertained to play a crucial role on the efficiency of interaction with nucleic acids. Within this framework, advances in the field of organic chemistry have allowed us to design dendrimers with even small difference in the chemical structure of their surface terminals. In this study, we have selected two different cationic phosphorus dendrimers of generation 3 functionalized, respectively, with pyrrolidinium (DP) and morpholinium (DM) surface groups, which have demonstrated promising potential for short interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery. Despite DP and DM differing only for one atom in their chemical structure, in vitro and in vivo experiments have highlighted several differences between them in terms of siRNA complexation properties. In this context, we have employed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation techniques to shed light on the supramolecular characteristics of dendrimer-siRNA complexation, the so-called dendriplex formations. Our data provide important information on self-assembly dynamics driven by surface chemistry and competition mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Stojceski
- Istituto
Dalle Molle di Studi sull’Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera
Italiana (SUPSI), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Centro Galleria 2, Manno CH-6928, Switzerland
| | - Gianvito Grasso
- Istituto
Dalle Molle di Studi sull’Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera
Italiana (SUPSI), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Centro Galleria 2, Manno CH-6928, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Pallante
- PolitoBIOMed
Lab, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Danani
- Istituto
Dalle Molle di Studi sull’Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), Scuola Universitaria Professionale della Svizzera
Italiana (SUPSI), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Centro Galleria 2, Manno CH-6928, Switzerland
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21
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Mandal AK. Dendrimers in targeted drug delivery applications: a review of diseases and cancer. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1713780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ardhendu Kumar Mandal
- Central Instrumentation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Jadavpur, India
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22
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Lyu LY, Wang Q, Xu Q, Zhao WY, Yang H, Che CY. The expression of lacrimal androgen-binding proteins in mice Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:7-10. [PMID: 31956564 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.01.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression of lacrimal androgen-binding proteins (ABPs) in mice Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) keratitis. METHODS P. aeruginosa mice model from different gender was developed by intra-stromal injection. The expression of lacrimal ABPs in lacrimal gland specimens from P. aeruginosa keratitis mice was detected by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Corneal virulence was evaluated based on clinical scores. To study the mechanism of lacrimal ABPs' expression, experimental subjects were pre-treated with 4E-BP1 inhibitor, and were used to evaluate the expression levels by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Compared with control groups, the expression of ABPα, ABPη and ABPζ in lacrimal gland from P. aeruginosa keratitis mice had no meaningful changes, while ABPε and ABPδ were significantly higher at 1d after infection. The expression of ABPδ in lacrimal gland of male mice was higher than female mice, regardless of whether or not P. aeruginosa keratitis occurred. After 4E-BP1 inhibitor subconjunctival injection or lacrimal injection, the expression of ABPδ and ABPε has no significant change compared with the control group. CONCLUSION ABPδ and ABPε secreted by mice lacrimal gland may involve in the progress of alleviating the severity of corneal damage in P. aeruginosa keratitis. The expression of ABPδ and ABPε upon P. aeruginosa infection is independent of cap-dependent mRNA translation activated by 4E-BP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le-Yu Lyu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Yi Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng-Ye Che
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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Fruchon S, Bellard E, Beton N, Goursat C, Oukhrib A, Caminade AM, Blanzat M, Turrin CO, Golzio M, Poupot R. Biodistribution and Biosafety of a Poly(Phosphorhydrazone) Dendrimer, an Anti-Inflammatory Drug-Candidate. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090475. [PMID: 31514434 PMCID: PMC6770054 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are nanosized, arborescent polymers of which size and structure are perfectly controlled. This is one reason why they are widely used for biomedical purposes. Previously, we showed that a phosphorus-based dendrimer capped with anionic azabisphosphonate groups (so-called ABP dendrimer) has immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties towards human immune cells in vitro. Thereafter, we have shown that the ABP dendrimer has a promising therapeutic efficacy to treat models of chronic inflammatory disorders. On the way to clinical translation, the biodistribution and the safety of this drug-candidate has to be thoroughly assessed. In this article, we present preliminary non-clinical data regarding biodistribution, hematological safety, genotoxicity, maximal tolerated doses, and early cardiac safety of the ABP dendrimer. One of the genotoxicity assays reveals a potential mutagen effect of the item at a concentration above 200 µM, i.e., up to 100 times the active dose in vitro on human immune cells. However, as the results obtained for all the other assays show that the ABP dendrimer has promising biodistribution and safety profiles, there is no red flag raised to hamper the regulatory pre-clinical development of the ABP dendrimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Fruchon
- INSERM, U1043, CNRS, U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - Elisabeth Bellard
- CNRS, UMR 5089, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
| | - Nicolas Beton
- INSERM, U1043, CNRS, U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - Cécile Goursat
- INSERM, U1043, CNRS, U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - Abdelouahd Oukhrib
- CNRS, UPR 8241, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- CNRS, UPR 8241, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Muriel Blanzat
- CNRS, UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, IMRCP, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse CEDEX 9, France.
| | - Cédric-Olivier Turrin
- CNRS, UPR 8241, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Muriel Golzio
- CNRS, UMR 5089, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 64182, F-31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
| | - Rémy Poupot
- INSERM, U1043, CNRS, U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
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Majoral J, Caminade A. Phosphorhydrazones as Useful Building Blocks for Special Architectures: Macrocycles and Dendrimers. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS 205, route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04 France
- LCC‐CNRS Université de Toulouse CNRS Toulouse France
| | - Anne‐Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS 205, route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 04 France
- LCC‐CNRS Université de Toulouse CNRS Toulouse France
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25
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Poupot R, Goursat C, Fruchon S. Multivalent nanosystems: targeting monocytes/macrophages. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5511-5521. [PMID: 30271144 PMCID: PMC6154704 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all the cellular partners involved in inflammatory processes, monocytes and macrophages are the master regulators of inflammation. They are found in almost all the tissues and are nearly the only cells capable of performing each step of inflammation. Consequently, they stand as major relevant therapeutic targets to treat inflammatory disorders and diseases. The physiological phagocytic activity of macrophages prompts them to detect, to recognize, and eventually to engulf any nanosystem cruising in their neighborhood. Interestingly, nanosystems can be rationally engineered to afford multivalent, and multifunctional if needed, entities with multiplexed and/or reinforced biological activities. Indeed, engineered nanosystems bearing moieties specifically targeting macrophages, and loaded with or bound to drugs are promising candidates to modulate, or even eradicate, deleterious macrophages in vivo. In this review we highlight recent articles and concepts of multivalent nanosystems targeting monocytes and macrophages to treat inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Poupot
- INSERM, U1043, CNRS, U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS; Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France,
| | - Cécile Goursat
- INSERM, U1043, CNRS, U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS; Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France,
| | - Séverine Fruchon
- INSERM, U1043, CNRS, U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS; Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse, France,
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26
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Deriu MA, Tsapis N, Noiray M, Grasso G, El Brahmi N, Mignani S, Majoral JP, Fattal E, Danani A. Elucidating the role of surface chemistry on cationic phosphorus dendrimer-siRNA complexation. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10952-10962. [PMID: 29850714 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01928b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In the field of dendrimers targeting small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery, dendrimer structural properties, such as the flexibility/rigidity ratio, play a crucial role in the efficiency of complexation. However, advances in organic chemistry have enabled the development of dendrimers that differ only by a single atom on their surface terminals. This is the case for cationic phosphorus dendrimers functionalized with either pyrrolidinium (DP) or morpholinium (DM) terminal groups. This small change was shown to strongly affect the dendrimer-siRNA complexation, leading to more efficient anti-inflammatory effects in the case of DP. Reasons for this different behavior can hardly be inferred only by biological in vitro and in vivo experiments due to the high number of variables and complexity of the investigated biological system. However, an understanding of how small chemical surface changes may completely modify the overall dendrimer-siRNA complexation is a significant breakthrough towards the design of efficient dendrimers for nucleic acid delivery. Herein, we present experimental and computational approaches based on isothermal titration calorimetry and molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate the molecular reasons behind different efficiencies and activities of DP and DM. Results of the present research highlight how chemical surface modifications may drive the overall dendrimer-siRNA affinity by influencing enthalpic and entropic contributions of binding free energy. Moreover, this study elucidates molecular reasons related to complexation stoichiometry that may be crucial in determining the dendrimer complexation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Deriu
- Istituto Dalle Molle di studi sull'Intelligenza Artificiale (IDSIA), Scuola universitaria professionale della Svizzera italiana (SUPSI), Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Centro Galleria 2, Manno, CH-6928, Switzerland.
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27
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Fruchon S, Poupot R. The ABP Dendrimer, a Drug-Candidate against Inflammatory Diseases That Triggers the Activation of Interleukin-10 Producing Immune Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:E1272. [PMID: 29799517 PMCID: PMC6100262 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ABP dendrimer, which is built on a phosphorus-based scaffold and bears twelve azabisphosphonate groups at its surface, is one of the dendrimers that has been shown to display immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects towards the human immune system. Its anti-inflammatory properties have been successfully challenged in animal models of inflammatory disorders. In this review, we trace the discovery and the evaluation of the therapeutic effects of the ABP dendrimer in three different animal models of both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. We emphasize that its therapeutic effects rely on the enhancement of the production of Interleukin-10, the paradigm of anti-inflammatory cytokines, by different subsets of immune cells, such as monocytes/macrophages and CD4+ T lymphocytes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemical synthesis
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Dendrimers/chemical synthesis
- Dendrimers/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Interleukin-10/genetics
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Mice
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/deficiency
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/immunology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Fruchon
- INSERM, U1043, CNRS, U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - Rémy Poupot
- INSERM, U1043, CNRS, U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
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Abstract
From biomaterials to imaging, and from drug delivery to drugs by themselves, phosphorus-containing dendrimers offer a large palette of biological properties, depending essentially on their types of terminal functions. The most salient examples of phosphorus dendrimers used for the elaboration of bio-chips and of supports for cell cultures, for imaging biological events, and for carrying and delivering drugs or biomacromolecules are presented in this feature article. Several phosphorus dendrimers can be considered also as drugs per se (by themselves) in particular to fight against cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and inflammation, both in vitro and in vivo. Toxicity assays are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Caminade
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 Route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France.
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Abstract
Among the six Critical Nanoscale Design Parameters (CNDPs) proposed by Prof. Donald A. Tomalia, this review illustrates the influence of the sixth one, which concerns the elemental composition, on the properties of dendrimers. After a large introduction that summarizes different types of dendrimers that have been compared with PolyAMidoAMine (PAMAM) dendrimers, this review will focus on the properties of positively and negatively charged phosphorhydrazone (PPH) dendrimers, especially in the field of biology, compared with other types of dendrimers, in particular PAMAM dendrimers, as well as polypropyleneimine (PPI), carbosilane, and p-Lysine dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Caminade
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, F-31077 Toulouse CEDEX 4, France.
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30
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Hayder M, Garzoni M, Bochicchio D, Caminade AM, Couderc F, Ong-Meang V, Davignon JL, Turrin CO, Pavan GM, Poupot R. Three-Dimensional Directionality Is a Pivotal Structural Feature for the Bioactivity of Azabisphosphonate-Capped Poly(PhosphorHydrazone) Nanodrug Dendrimers. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:712-720. [PMID: 29443507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are nanosized, nonlinear, hyperbranched polymers whose overall 3D shape is key for their biological activity. Poly(PhosphorHydrazone) (PPH) dendrimers capped with aza-bisphosphonate (ABP) end groups are known to have anti-inflammatory properties enabling the control of inflammatory diseases in different mouse models. Here we screen the anti-inflammatory activity of a series of PPH dendrimers bearing between 2 and 16 ABP end groups in a mouse model of arthritis and confront the biological results with atomistic simulations of the dendrimers. We show that only the PPH dendrimers capped with 10 and 12 ABP end groups can control the flare of the inflammatory disease. All-atom accelerated molecular dynamics simulations show that dendrimers with a low number of ABP end groups are directional but highly flexible/dynamic and have thereby limited efficiency in establishing multivalent interactions. The largest dendrimer appears as nondirectional, having 16 ABP end groups forming patches all over the dendrimer surface. Conversely, intermediate dendrimers having 10 or 12 ABP end groups reach the best compromise between the number of surface groups and their stable directional gathering, a real maximization of multivalency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Hayder
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS , Toulouse , France
| | - Matteo Garzoni
- Department of Innovative Technologies , University for Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI) , Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c , CH-6928 Manno , Switzerland
| | - Davide Bochicchio
- Department of Innovative Technologies , University for Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI) , Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c , CH-6928 Manno , Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS , 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099 , 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse , France
| | - François Couderc
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité, Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS , Toulouse , France
| | - Varravaddheay Ong-Meang
- Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité, Chimique et Photochimique (IMRCP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS , Toulouse , France
| | - Jean-Luc Davignon
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS , Toulouse , France
| | - Cédric-Olivier Turrin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS , 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 44099 , 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 , France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS , Toulouse , France
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies , University for Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI) , Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c , CH-6928 Manno , Switzerland
| | - Rémy Poupot
- Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse-Purpan (CPTP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS , Toulouse , France
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Ielasi F, Ledall J, Anes AP, Fruchon S, Caminade AM, Poupot R, Turrin CO, Blanzat M. Influence of PPH dendrimers' surface functions on the activation of human monocytes: a study of their interactions with pure lipid model systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:21871-80. [PMID: 27435630 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03536a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The influence of surface functions on the interactions between Poly(PhosphorHydrazone) PPH dendrimers and human monocytes is discussed on the basis of complementary biological and physicochemical studies on membrane models (monolayers and multi-lamellar vesicles). The studies were performed on both an active and non-toxic phosphonic acid capped dendrimer and a non-active but toxic carboxylic acid capped one. On the one hand, comparative studies of the behaviour of DPPC monolayers in the presence or absence of PPH dendrimers in the subphase showed differences in the phase transitions, highlighting interactions between both dendrimers and phospholipid monolayers, with a larger incidence for the carboxylic acid capped dendrimer (negative control), validating its cellular toxicity. On the other hand, comparative biological studies (activation of human monocytes and binding of fluorescent dendrimers on human monocytes) show the pre-eminence of phosphonic acid capped dendrimers towards specific binding and subsequent activation of human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ielasi
- Laboratoire IMRCP, UMR 5623 CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - J Ledall
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France. and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France and Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, INSERM 1043, CNRS 5282, Université de Toulouse, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - A Perez Anes
- Laboratoire IMRCP, UMR 5623 CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France. and Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France. and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - S Fruchon
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, INSERM 1043, CNRS 5282, Université de Toulouse, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - A-M Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France. and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - R Poupot
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, INSERM 1043, CNRS 5282, Université de Toulouse, F-31300 Toulouse, France.
| | - C-O Turrin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse cedex 04, France. and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - M Blanzat
- Laboratoire IMRCP, UMR 5623 CNRS, Université Toulouse 3, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France.
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Janaszewska A, Gorzkiewicz M, Ficker M, Petersen JF, Paolucci V, Christensen JB, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. Pyrrolidone Modification Prevents PAMAM Dendrimers from Activation of Pro-Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in Human Monocytes. Mol Pharm 2017; 15:12-20. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Janaszewska
- Department
of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Michał Gorzkiewicz
- Department
of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mario Ficker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Valentina Paolucci
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jørn Bolstad Christensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department
of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 141/143 Pomorska St., 90-236 Lodz, Poland
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Pro-Inflammatory Versus Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Dendrimers: The Two Faces of Immuno-Modulatory Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2017; 7:nano7090251. [PMID: 28862693 PMCID: PMC5618362 DOI: 10.3390/nano7090251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are soft matter, hyperbranched, and multivalent nanoparticles whose synthesis theoretically affords monodisperse compounds. They are built from a core on which one or several successive series of branches are engrafted in an arborescent way. At the end of the synthesis, the tunable addition of surface groups gives birth to multivalent nano-objects which are generally intended for a specific use. For these reasons, dendrimers have received a lot of attention from biomedical researchers. In particular, some of us have demonstrated that dendrimers can be intrinsically drug-candidate for the treatment of inflammatory disorders, amongst others, using relevant preclinical animal models. These anti-inflammatory dendrimers are innovative in the pharmaceutical field. More recently, it has appeared that some dendrimers (even among those which have been described as anti-inflammatory) can promote inflammatory responses in non-diseased animals. The main corpus of this concise review is focused on the reports which describe anti-inflammatory properties of dendrimers in vivo, following which we review the few recent articles that show pro-inflammatory effects of our favorite molecules, to finally discuss this duality in immuno-modulation which has to be taken into account for the preclinical and clinical developments of dendrimers.
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Bohr A, Tsapis N, Andreana I, Chamarat A, Foged C, Delomenie C, Noiray M, El Brahmi N, Majoral JP, Mignani S, Fattal E. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Anti-TNF-α SiRNA Cationic Phosphorus Dendrimer Nanocomplexes Administered Intranasally in a Murine Acute Lung Injury Model. Biomacromolecules 2017. [PMID: 28639789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential component of many lung diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or acute lung injury. Our purpose was to design efficient carriers for lung delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in an acute lung injury model. To achieve this goal, two different types of phosphorus-based dendrimers with either pyrrolidinium or morpholinium as terminal protonated amino groups were selected for their better biocompatibility compared to other dendrimers. Dendriplexes containing pyrrolidinium surface groups demonstrated a stronger siRNA complexation, a higher cellular uptake, and enhanced in vitro silencing efficiency of TNF-α in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7, compared to morpholinium-containing dendriplexes. The better performance of the pyrrolidium dendriplexes was attributed to their higher pKa value leading to a stronger siRNA complexation and improved protection against enzymatic degradation resulting in a higher cellular uptake. The superior silencing effect of the pyrrolidinium dendriplexes, compared to noncomplexed siRNA, was confirmed in vivo in an LPS-induced murine model of short-term acute lung injury upon lung delivery via nasal administration. These data suggest that phosphorus dendriplexes have a strong potential in lung delivery of siRNA for treating inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bohr
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas Tsapis
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ilaria Andreana
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Anais Chamarat
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Camilla Foged
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudine Delomenie
- UMS IPSIT - US 31 INSERM - UMS 3679 CNRS - Université Paris-Sud - 5, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Magali Noiray
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.,Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Serge Mignani
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, CNRS UMR 860, Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Elias Fattal
- Institut Galien Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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Magruder JT, Crawford TC, Lin YA, Zhang F, Grimm JC, Kannan RM, Kannan S, Sciortino CM. Selective Localization of a Novel Dendrimer Nanoparticle in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Ann Thorac Surg 2017; 104:891-898. [PMID: 28366468 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2016.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dendrimer nanoparticle therapies represent promising new approaches to drug delivery, particularly in diseases associated with inflammatory injury. However, their application has not been fully explored in models of acute myocardial ischemia (MI) and reperfusion injury. METHODS White male New Zealand rabbits underwent left thoracotomy with 30-minute temporary left anterior descending artery occlusion and MI confirmed by electrocardiography and histology (MI rabbits, n = 9), or left thoracotomy and pericardial opening for 30 minutes but no left anterior descending artery occlusion (control [C] rabbits, n = 9) rabbits. Following the 30-minute period, a dendrimer (generation 6 dendrimer conjugated to cyanine-5 fluorescent dye [G6-Cy5], 6.7 nm diameter) was administered intravenously and the chest closed in layers. Animals were sacrificed at 3 hours (3 MI, 3 C), 24 hours (3 MI, 3 C), or 48 hours (3 MI, 3 C) postsurgery. RESULTS As compared to controls, MI rabbits had twofold G6-Cy5 uptake in the myocardial anterior wall as compared to the same region in nonischemic control rabbits at 24 hours postsurgery (6.01 ± 0.57 μg/g versus 2.85 ± 0.85 μg/g; p = 0.04). This trend was also present at 48 hours (6.38 ± 1.53 μg/g versus 3.95 ± 0.60 μg/g, p = 0.21) and was qualitatively evident on confocal microscopy. G6-Cy5 half-life in serum was approximately 12 hours, with 22% of the injected G6-Cy5 dose remaining at 48 hours. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that dendrimer nanodevices selectively localize in ischemic as compared to healthy myocardium. This indicates that dendrimer nanodevices are promising agents to deliver drugs specifically to the ischemic myocardium to attenuate the injury. Subsequent studies will assess the efficacy of a dendrimer-drug conjugate in ameliorating reperfusion injury following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Trent Magruder
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Todd C Crawford
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yi-An Lin
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Fan Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joshua C Grimm
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rangaramanujam M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sujatha Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher M Sciortino
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Boissard F, Tosolini M, Ligat L, Quillet-Mary A, Lopez F, Fournié JJ, Ysebaert L, Poupot M. Nurse-like cells promote CLL survival through LFA-3/CD2 interactions. Oncotarget 2016; 8:52225-52236. [PMID: 28881725 PMCID: PMC5581024 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tumoral micro-environment (TME) of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), nurse-like cells (NLC) are tumor-associated macrophages which play a critical role in the survival and chemoresistance of tumoral cells. This pro-survival activity is known to involve soluble factors, but few data are available on the relative role of cells cross-talk. Here, we used a transcriptome-based approach to systematically investigate the expression of various receptor/ligand pairs at the surface of NLC/CLL cells. Their relative contribution to CLL survival was assessed both by fluorescent microscopy to identify cellular interactions and by the use of functional tests to measure the impact of uncoupling these pairs with blocking monoclonal antibodies. We found for the first time that lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3), expressed in CLL at significantly higher levels than in healthy donor B-cells, and CD2 expressed on NLC, were both key for the specific pro-survival signals delivered by NLC. Moreover, we found that NLC/CLL interactions induced the shedding of soluble LFA-3. Importantly, in an exploratory cohort of 60 CLL patients receiving frontline immunochemotherapy, increased levels of soluble LFA-3 were found to correlate with shorter overall survival. Altogether, these data suggest that LFA-3/CD2 interactions promote the survival of CLL cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Boissard
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Tosolini
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Laetitia Ligat
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Pole Technologique CRCT, Plateau Imagerie, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Quillet-Mary
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Lopez
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,Pole Technologique CRCT, Plateau Imagerie, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Loic Ysebaert
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Mary Poupot
- CRCT UMR1037 INSERM-ERL 5294 CNRS-Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Second Generation Amphiphilic Poly-Lysine Dendrons Inhibit Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation without Toxicity for Neurons or Astrocytes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165704. [PMID: 27832093 PMCID: PMC5104433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumours in adults and one of the most aggressive and difficult-to-treat cancers. No effective treatment exits actually for this tumour and new therapeutic approaches are needed for this disease. One possible innovative approach involves the nanoparticle-mediated specific delivery of drugs and/or genetic material to glioblastoma cells where they can provide therapeutic benefits. In the present work, we have synthesised and characterised several second generation amphiphilic polylysine dendrons to be used as siRNA carriers. We have found that, in addition to their siRNA binding properties, these new compounds inhibit the proliferation of two glioblastoma cell lines while being nontoxic for non-tumoural central nervous system cells like neurons and glia, cell types that share the anatomical space with glioblastoma cells during the course of the disease. The selective toxicity of these nanoparticles to glioblastoma cells, as compared to neurons and glial cells, involves mitochondrial depolarisation and reactive oxygen species production. This selective toxicity, together with the ability to complex and release siRNA, suggests that these new polylysine dendrons might offer a scaffold in the development of future nanoparticles designed to restrict the proliferation of glioblastoma cells.
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38
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Cyclotriphosphazene, an old compound applied to the synthesis of smart dendrimers with tailored properties. PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe versatile reactivity of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene (N3P3Cl6) has been developed for the synthesis of specifically engineered dendrimers. Dendrimers are hyperbranched macromolecules built by concentric layers constituted of associated monomeric units. Many of the properties of dendrimers depend on the type of their surface (terminal) functions, which are generally all identical. For some specific purposes, it is desirable to have one function that is different at the level of the core. Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene offers the possibility to differentiate the reactivity of one (or more) Cl from the others, for producing specifically engineered dendritic tools. These specific reactions on N3P3Cl6 have produced highly dense dendrimers, Janus dendrimers (two faces), tools for functionalizing materials, with uses as catalysts, as chemical sensors, for trapping CO2, for the culture of cells, or for imaging biological events. These properties will be emphasized in this review.
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39
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Poupot M, Turrin CO, Caminade AM, Fournié JJ, Attal M, Poupot R, Fruchon S. Poly(phosphorhydrazone) dendrimers: yin and yang of monocyte activation for human NK cell amplification applied to immunotherapy against multiple myeloma. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:2321-2330. [PMID: 27498187 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells play a key role in anti-cancer and anti-viral immunity, but their selective amplification in vitro is extremely tedious to achieve and remains one of the most challenging problems to solve for efficient NK cell-based immuno-therapeutic treatments against malignant diseases. Here we report that, when added to ex vivo culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers or from cancer patients with multiple myeloma, poly (phosphorhydrazone) dendrimers capped with amino-bis(methylene phosphonate) end groups enable the efficient proliferation of NK cells with anti-cancer cytotoxicity in vivo. We also show that the amplification of the NK population relies on the preliminary activation of monocytes in the framework of a multistep cross-talk between monocytes and NK cells before the proliferation thereof. Thus poly(phosphorhydrazone) dendrimers represent a novel class of extremely promising drugs to develop NK-cell based anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Poupot
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France
| | - Michel Attal
- Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopôle, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France
| | - Rémy Poupot
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France
| | - Séverine Fruchon
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, France.
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40
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Ledall J, Fruchon S, Garzoni M, Pavan GM, Caminade AM, Turrin CO, Blanzat M, Poupot R. Interaction studies reveal specific recognition of an anti-inflammatory polyphosphorhydrazone dendrimer by human monocytes. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:17672-84. [PMID: 26335052 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr03884g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendrimers are nano-materials with perfectly defined structure and size, and multivalency properties that confer substantial advantages for biomedical applications. Previous work has shown that phosphorus-based polyphosphorhydrazone (PPH) dendrimers capped with azabisphosphonate (ABP) end groups have immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties leading to efficient therapeutic control of inflammatory diseases in animal models. These properties are mainly prompted through activation of monocytes. Here, we disclose new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory activation of human monocytes by ABP-capped PPH dendrimers. Following an interdisciplinary approach, we have characterized the physicochemical and biological behavior of the lead ABP dendrimer with model and cell membranes, and compared this experimental set of data to predictive computational modelling studies. The behavior of the ABP dendrimer was compared to the one of an isosteric analog dendrimer capped with twelve azabiscarboxylate (ABC) end groups instead of twelve ABP end groups. The ABC dendrimer displayed no biological activity on human monocytes, therefore it was considered as a negative control. In detail, we show that the ABP dendrimer can bind both non-specifically and specifically to the membrane of human monocytes. The specific binding leads to the internalization of the ABP dendrimer by human monocytes. On the contrary, the ABC dendrimer only interacts non-specifically with human monocytes and is not internalized. These data indicate that the bioactive ABP dendrimer is recognized by specific receptor(s) at the surface of human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Ledall
- INSERM, UMR1043, CNRS, U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Center of Physiopathology of Toulouse-Purpan, CHU Purpan, BP 3028, Toulouse F-31300, France. and CNRS, UPR 8241, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse F-31077, France.
| | - Séverine Fruchon
- INSERM, UMR1043, CNRS, U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Center of Physiopathology of Toulouse-Purpan, CHU Purpan, BP 3028, Toulouse F-31300, France. and CNRS, UPR 8241, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse F-31077, France.
| | - Matteo Garzoni
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Manno 6928, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Manno 6928, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- CNRS, UPR 8241, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse F-31077, France.
| | - Cédric-Olivier Turrin
- CNRS, UPR 8241, Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, Toulouse F-31077, France.
| | - Muriel Blanzat
- Laboratoire IMRCP, CNRS UMR 5623, Université de Toulouse, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, Toulouse F-31062, France.
| | - Rémy Poupot
- INSERM, UMR1043, CNRS, U5282, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Center of Physiopathology of Toulouse-Purpan, CHU Purpan, BP 3028, Toulouse F-31300, France.
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41
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Caminade AM, Hameau A, Majoral JP. The specific functionalization of cyclotriphosphazene for the synthesis of smart dendrimers. Dalton Trans 2015; 45:1810-22. [PMID: 26525036 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03047a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene is an old compound which affords very new properties in the field of dendrimers. Indeed, it can be used as a branching point for the rapid synthesis of highly dense dendrimers, but also for the synthesis of dendrimers having precisely one function different from all the others. These types of dendrimers are useful in the field of materials, affording highly reusable catalysts, chemical sensors, or supports for cell cultures. However, the most developed uses concern fluorescence. These dendrimers have been used for in vivo imaging, and for trying to elucidate biological mechanisms, in particular for anti-inflammatory dendrimers. This review will display important examples in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Caminade
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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42
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Hayder M, Varilh M, Turrin CO, Saoudi A, Caminade AM, Poupot R, Liblau RS. Phosphorus-Based Dendrimer ABP Treats Neuroinflammation by Promoting IL-10-Producing CD4(+) T Cells. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3425-33. [PMID: 26397709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are polyfunctional nano-objects of perfectly defined structure that can provide innovative alternatives for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). To investigate the efficiency of a recently described amino-bis(methylene phosphonate)-capped ABP dendrimer as a potential drug candidate for MS, we used the classical mouse model of MOG35-55-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our study provides evidence that the ABP dendrimer prevents the development of EAE and inhibits the progression of established disease with a comparable therapeutic benefit as the approved treatment Fingolimod. We also show that the ABP dendrimer redirects the pathogenic myelin-specific CD4(+) T cell response toward IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cédric-Olivier Turrin
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS UPR8241-205 , route de Narbonne, 31077-BP44099 Toulouse Cedex 4 France.,UPS-INPT, Université de Toulouse , F31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination CNRS UPR8241-205 , route de Narbonne, 31077-BP44099 Toulouse Cedex 4 France.,UPS-INPT, Université de Toulouse , F31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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43
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Shakhbazau A, Mishra M, Chu TH, Brideau C, Cummins K, Tsutsui S, Shcharbin D, Majoral JP, Mignani S, Blanchard-Desce M, Bryszewska M, Yong VW, Stys PK, van Minnen J. Fluorescent Phosphorus Dendrimer as a Spectral Nanosensor for Macrophage Polarization and Fate Tracking in Spinal Cord Injury. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:1523-34. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antos Shakhbazau
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary; HRIC 1AA02, 3280 Hospital Drive, NW T2N4Z6 Calgary Canada
| | - Manoj Mishra
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary; HRIC 1AA02, 3280 Hospital Drive, NW T2N4Z6 Calgary Canada
| | - Tak-Ho Chu
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary; HRIC 1AA02, 3280 Hospital Drive, NW T2N4Z6 Calgary Canada
| | - Craig Brideau
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary; HRIC 1AA02, 3280 Hospital Drive, NW T2N4Z6 Calgary Canada
| | - Karen Cummins
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary; HRIC 1AA02, 3280 Hospital Drive, NW T2N4Z6 Calgary Canada
| | - Shigeki Tsutsui
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary; HRIC 1AA02, 3280 Hospital Drive, NW T2N4Z6 Calgary Canada
| | | | | | - Serge Mignani
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique; Université Paris Descartes; Paris France
| | | | - Maria Bryszewska
- Department of General Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection; University of Lodz; Lodz Poland
| | - V. Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary; HRIC 1AA02, 3280 Hospital Drive, NW T2N4Z6 Calgary Canada
| | - Peter K. Stys
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary; HRIC 1AA02, 3280 Hospital Drive, NW T2N4Z6 Calgary Canada
| | - Jan van Minnen
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary; HRIC 1AA02, 3280 Hospital Drive, NW T2N4Z6 Calgary Canada
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44
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Caminade AM, Fruchon S, Turrin CO, Poupot M, Ouali A, Maraval A, Garzoni M, Maly M, Furer V, Kovalenko V, Majoral JP, Pavan GM, Poupot R. The key role of the scaffold on the efficiency of dendrimer nanodrugs. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7722. [PMID: 26169490 PMCID: PMC4510975 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are well-defined macromolecules whose highly branched structure is reminiscent of many natural structures, such as trees, dendritic cells, neurons or the networks of kidneys and lungs. Nature has privileged such branched structures for increasing the efficiency of exchanges with the external medium; thus, the whole structure is of pivotal importance for these natural networks. On the contrary, it is generally believed that the properties of dendrimers are essentially related to their terminal groups, and that the internal structure plays the minor role of an ‘innocent' scaffold. Here we show that such an assertion is misleading, using convergent information from biological data (human monocytes activation) and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations on seven families of dendrimers (13 compounds) that we have synthesized, possessing identical terminal groups, but different internal structures. This work demonstrates that the scaffold of nanodrugs strongly influences their properties, somewhat reminiscent of the backbone of proteins. The biological properties of dendrimers are thought to be largely dependent on the chemical nature of their surface. Here, the authors show that the internal scaffold of dendritic nanodrugs strongly influences their bioactivity, based on convergent information from biology and computation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Caminade
- 1] Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France [2] Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Séverine Fruchon
- 1] Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, F-31300 Toulouse, France [2] INSERM, U1043; CNRS, U5282; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric-Olivier Turrin
- 1] Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France [2] Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Mary Poupot
- 1] Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, F-31300 Toulouse, France [2] INSERM, U1037; CNRS, U5294; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Armelle Ouali
- 1] Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France [2] Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandrine Maraval
- 1] Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France [2] Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Matteo Garzoni
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, 6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Marek Maly
- Faculty of Science, J.E. Purkinje University, Ceske mladeze 8, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Victor Furer
- Kazan State Architect and Civil Engineering University, Zelenaya 1, Kazan 420043, Russia
| | - Valeri Kovalenko
- A.E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry of Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Science, Arbuzov Str., 8, Kazan 420088, Russia
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- 1] Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR 8241, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France [2] Université de Toulouse, UPS, INP, LCC, F-31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, 6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Poupot
- 1] Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse Purpan, F-31300 Toulouse, France [2] INSERM, U1043; CNRS, U5282; Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
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45
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Wasiak T, Marcinkowska M, Pieszynski I, Zablocka M, Caminade AM, Majoral JP, Klajnert-Maculewicz B. Cationic phosphorus dendrimers and therapy for Alzheimer's disease. NEW J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj00309a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cationic phosphorus dendrimers show a weak antioxidant potential, reduce the level of TNF-alpha and mimic partial noncompetitive inhibitors of AChE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Wasiak
- Department of General Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- Poland
| | - Monika Marcinkowska
- Department of General Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- Poland
| | | | - Maria Zablocka
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies
- Polish Academy of Sciences
- Poland
| | | | | | - Barbara Klajnert-Maculewicz
- Department of General Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Lodz
- Poland
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden
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46
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Hameau A, Fruchon S, Bijani C, Barducci A, Blanzat M, Poupot R, Pavan GM, Caminade AM, Turrin CO. Theoretical and experimental characterization of amino-PEG-phosphonate-terminated Polyphosphorhydrazone dendrimers: Influence of size and PEG capping on cytotoxicity profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Hameau
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); 205, route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Séverine Fruchon
- INSERM; U1043, CNRS 5282, Université de Toulouse; UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan 31300 Toulouse France
| | - Christian Bijani
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); 205, route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Alessandro Barducci
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Statistique; Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL); 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Muriel Blanzat
- IMRCP, UMR CNRS 5623; Université Paul Sabatier; 118, route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Rémy Poupot
- INSERM; U1043, CNRS 5282, Université de Toulouse; UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan 31300 Toulouse France
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies; University of Applied Science of Southern Switzerland; 6928 Manno Switzerland
| | - Anne-Marie Caminade
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); 205, route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Cédric-Olivier Turrin
- CNRS; LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination); 205, route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, INPT, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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47
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Liu X, Hao W, Lok CN, Wang YC, Zhang R, Wong KKY. Dendrimer encapsulation enhances anti-inflammatory efficacy of silver nanoparticles. J Pediatr Surg 2014; 49:1846-51. [PMID: 25487498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies revealed that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) promoted wound healing in part through their anti-inflammatory actions. As recent reports also suggested anti-inflammatory effects of dendrimers, we therefore undertook this study using dendrimer as the delivery system for AgNP to explore any potential synergistic anti-inflammatory efficacy. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was added to cultured RAW264.7 and J774.1 cells to mimic in vitro inflammation condition, followed by the addition of either silver dendrimer nanocomposite (Ag-DNC), AgNPs, or dendrimer. The levels of inflammatory markers TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 were assessed using ELISA assay. Furthermore, in vivo effects such of Ag-DNC, AgNPs, or dendrimer were studied in a burn wound model in mice. RESULTS Our results confirmed that both naked dendrimer and AgNPs had anti-inflammatory properties. In in vitro study, Ag-DNC was shown to have the best anti-inflammatory efficacy than AgNPs or dendrimer alone. In-vivo experiments also indicated that animals in the Ag-DNC group had the fastest healing time with the least inflammation. CONCLUSION Our study would suggest that dendrimer could provide additional anti-inflammatory benefits and might be an excellent delivery system for silver nanoparticles for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelai Liu
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Hao
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Nam Lok
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yue Chun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Ji Nan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - RuiZhong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth K Y Wong
- Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Fruchon S, Mouriot S, Thiollier T, Grandin C, Caminade AM, Turrin CO, Contamin H, Poupot R. Repeated intravenous injections in non-human primates demonstrate preclinical safety of an anti-inflammatory phosphorus-based dendrimer. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:433-41. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.940406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Séverine Fruchon
- INSERM, U1043, CNRS, U5282, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rémy Poupot
- INSERM, U1043, CNRS, U5282, UPS, Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France,
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Degboé Y, Fruchon S, Baron M, Nigon D, Turrin CO, Caminade AM, Poupot R, Cantagrel A, Davignon JL. Modulation of pro-inflammatory activation of monocytes and dendritic cells by aza-bis-phosphonate dendrimer as an experimental therapeutic agent. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R98. [PMID: 24745366 PMCID: PMC4060464 DOI: 10.1186/ar4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our objective was to assess the capacity of dendrimer aza-bis-phosphonate (ABP) to modulate phenotype of monocytes (Mo) and monocytes derived dendritic cells (MoDC) activated in response to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and interferon γ (IFN- γ) stimulation. Methods Mo (n = 12) and MoDC (n = 11) from peripheral blood of healthy donors were prepared. Cells were preincubated or not for 1 hour with dendrimer ABP, then incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; as a TLR4 ligand) and (IFN-γ) for 38 hours. Secretion of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL) -1, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10 and IL-23 in the culture medium was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Cytokine Bead Array. Differentiation and subsequent maturation of MoDC from nine donors in the presence of LPS were analyzed by flow cytometry using CD80, CD86, CD83 and CD1a surface expression as markers. Results Mo and MoDC were orientated to a pro-inflammatory state. In activated Mo, TNFα, IL-1β and IL-23 levels were significantly lower after prior incubation with dendrimer ABP. In activated MoDC, dendrimer ABP promoted IL-10 secretion while decreasing dramatically the level of IL-12. TNFα and IL-6 secretion were significantly lower in the presence of dendrimer ABP. LPS driven maturation of MoDC was impaired by dendrimer ABP treatment, as attested by the significantly lower expression of CD80 and CD86. Conclusion Our data indicate that dendrimer ABP possesses immunomodulatory properties on human Mo and MoDC, in TLR4 + IFN-γ stimulation model, by inducing M2 alternative activation of Mo and promoting tolerogenic MoDC.
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Abstract
Schematized types of interactions of dendrimers with drugs or biologically active substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Caminade
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
| | - Cédric-Olivier Turrin
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- F-31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Université de Toulouse
- UPS
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