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Mishra A, Khan A, Singh VK, Glyde E, Saikolappan S, Garnica O, Das K, Veerapandian R, Dhandayuthapani S, Jagannath C. The ΔfbpAΔsapM candidate vaccine derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv is markedly immunogenic in macrophages and induces robust immunity to tuberculosis in mice. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1321657. [PMID: 38975346 PMCID: PMC11224292 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1321657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with approximately 1.5 million deaths per year. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against TB is used in infants but shows variable protection. Here, we introduce a novel approach using a double gene knockout mutant (DKO) from wild-type Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) targeting fbpA and sapM genes. DKO exhibited enhanced anti-TB gene expression in mouse antigen-presenting cells, activating autophagy and inflammasomes. This heightened immune response improved ex vivo antigen presentation to T cells. Subcutaneous vaccination with DKO led to increased protection against TB in wild-type C57Bl/6 mice, surpassing the protection observed in caspase 1/11-deficient C57Bl/6 mice and highlighting the critical role of inflammasomes in TB protection. The DKO vaccine also generated stronger and longer-lasting protection than the BCG vaccine in C57Bl/6 mice, expanding both CD62L-CCR7-CD44+/-CD127+ effector T cells and CD62L+CCR7+/-CD44+CD127+ central memory T cells. These immune responses correlated with a substantial ≥ 1.7-log10 reduction in Mtb lung burden. The DKO vaccine represents a promising new approach for TB immunization that mediates protection through autophagy and inflammasome pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vipul Kumar Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Emily Glyde
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sankaralingam Saikolappan
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Omar Garnica
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Kishore Das
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Raja Veerapandian
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Subramanian Dhandayuthapani
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Kwon KW, Choi HG, Choi HH, Choi E, Kim H, Kim HJ, Shin SJ. Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of RipA, a peptidoglycan hydrolase, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing outbreak strains. Vaccine 2024; 42:1941-1952. [PMID: 38368223 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Given that individuals with latent tuberculosis (TB) infection represent the major reservoir of TB infection, latency-associated antigens may be promising options for development of improved multi-antigenic TB subunit vaccine. Thus, we selected RipA, a peptidoglycan hydrolase required for efficient cell division of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), as vaccine candidate. We found that RipA elicited activation of dendritic cells (DCs) by induction of phenotypic maturation, increased production of inflammatory cytokines, and prompt stimulation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. In addition, RipA-treated DCs promoted Th1-polarzied immune responses of naïve CD4+ T cells with increased proliferation and activated T cells from Mtb-infected mice, which conferred enhanced control of mycobacterial growth inside macrophages. Moreover, mice immunized with RipA formulated in GLA-SE adjuvant displayed remarkable generation of Ag-specific polyfunctional CD4+ T cells in both lung and spleen. Following an either conventional or ultra-low dose aerosol challenges with 2 Mtb Beijing clinical strains, RipA/GLA-SE-immunization was not inferior to BCG by mediating protection as single Ag. Collectively, our findings highlighted that RipA could be a novel candidate as a component of multi-antigenic TB subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, South Korea
| | - Han-Gyu Choi
- Department of Microbiology, and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Eunsol Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Hagyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Jung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea; Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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3
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Kwon KW, Choi HG, Kim KS, Park SA, Kim HJ, Shin SJ. BCG-booster vaccination with HSP90-ESAT-6-HspX-RipA multivalent subunit vaccine confers durable protection against hypervirulent Mtb in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:55. [PMID: 38459038 PMCID: PMC10923817 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00847-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The quest for effective and enhanced multiantigenic tuberculosis (TB) subunit vaccine necessitates the induction of a protective pathogen-specific immune response while circumventing detrimental inflammation within the lung milieu. In line with this goal, we engineered a modified iteration of the quadrivalent vaccine, namely HSP90-ESAT-6-HspX-RipA (HEHR), which was coupled with the TLR4 adjuvant, CIA09A. The ensuing formulation was subjected to comprehensive assessment to gauge its protective efficacy against the hypervirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) Haarlem clinical strain M2, following a BCG-prime boost regimen. Regardless of vaccination route, both intramuscular and subcutaneous administration with the HEHR vaccine exhibited remarkable protective efficacy in significantly reducing the Mtb bacterial burden and pulmonary inflammation. This underscores its notably superior protective potential compared to the BCG vaccine alone or a former prototype, the HSP90-E6 subunit vaccine. In addition, this superior protective efficacy was confirmed when testing a tag-free version of the HEHR vaccine. Furthermore, the protective immune determinant, represented by durable antigen-specific CD4+IFN-γ+IL-17A+ T-cells expressing a CXCR3+KLRG1- cell surface phenotype in the lung, was robustly induced in HEHR-boosted mice at 12 weeks post-challenge. Collectively, our data suggest that the BCG-prime HEHR boost vaccine regimen conferred improved and long-term protection against hypervirulent Mtb strain with robust antigen-specific Th1/Th17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, South Korea
| | - Han-Gyu Choi
- Department of Microbiology, and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea
| | | | - Shin Ae Park
- R&D Center, EyeGene Inc., Goyang, 10551, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Jung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 35015, South Korea.
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Rahlwes KC, Dias BR, Campos PC, Alvarez-Arguedas S, Shiloh MU. Pathogenicity and virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Virulence 2023; 14:2150449. [PMID: 36419223 PMCID: PMC9817126 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2022.2150449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the causative agent of tuberculosis, an infectious disease with one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Leveraging its highly evolved repertoire of non-protein and protein virulence factors, Mtb invades through the airway, subverts host immunity, establishes its survival niche, and ultimately escapes in the setting of active disease to initiate another round of infection in a naive host. In this review, we will provide a concise synopsis of the infectious life cycle of Mtb and its clinical and epidemiologic significance. We will also take stock of its virulence factors and pathogenic mechanisms that modulate host immunity and facilitate its spread. Developing a greater understanding of the interface between Mtb virulence factors and host defences will enable progress toward improved vaccines and therapeutics to prevent and treat tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C. Rahlwes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Beatriz R.S. Dias
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Priscila C. Campos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Samuel Alvarez-Arguedas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Michael U. Shiloh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA,CONTACT Michael U. Shiloh
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Intranasal multivalent adenoviral-vectored vaccine protects against replicating and dormant M.tb in conventional and humanized mice. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:25. [PMID: 36823425 PMCID: PMC9948798 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00623-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral-vectored vaccines are highly amenable for respiratory mucosal delivery as a means of inducing much-needed mucosal immunity at the point of pathogen entry. Unfortunately, current monovalent viral-vectored tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidates have failed to demonstrate satisfactory clinical protective efficacy. As such, there is a need to develop next-generation viral-vectored TB vaccine strategies which incorporate both vaccine antigen design and delivery route. In this study, we have developed a trivalent chimpanzee adenoviral-vectored vaccine to provide protective immunity against pulmonary TB through targeting antigens linked to the three different growth phases (acute/chronic/dormancy) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) by expressing an acute replication-associated antigen, Ag85A, a chronically expressed virulence-associated antigen, TB10.4, and a dormancy/resuscitation-associated antigen, RpfB. Single-dose respiratory mucosal immunization with our trivalent vaccine induced robust, sustained tissue-resident multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses within the lung tissues and airways, which were further quantitatively and qualitatively improved following boosting of subcutaneously BCG-primed hosts. Prophylactic and therapeutic immunization with this multivalent trivalent vaccine in conventional BALB/c mice provided significant protection against not only actively replicating M.tb bacilli but also dormant, non-replicating persisters. Importantly, when used as a booster, it also provided marked protection in the highly susceptible C3HeB/FeJ mice, and a single respiratory mucosal inoculation was capable of significant protection in a humanized mouse model. Our findings indicate the great potential of this next-generation TB vaccine strategy and support its further clinical development for both prophylactic and therapeutic applications.
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6
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Immunoinformatics Approach to Design a Multi-Epitope Vaccine against Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020339. [PMID: 36851219 PMCID: PMC9967539 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), a neglected vector-borne disease caused by protozoan parasite Leishmania major (L. major), is a major public health concern, and the development of new strategies to reduce the disease incidence has become a top priority. Advances in immunoinformatics and in-silico epitope prediction could be a promising approach to designing a finest vaccine candidate. In this study, we aimed to design a peptide-based vaccine against CL using computational tools and identified ten B-cell-derived T-cell epitopes from the glycoprotein gp63 of L. major. All of the potential immunodominant epitopes were used to design a vaccine construct along with a linker and an adjuvant at the N-terminal for enhancing its immunogenicity. Additionally, many characteristics of the proposed vaccine were examined, and it was confirmed to be non-allergenic, non-toxic, and thermally stable. To assess the vaccine interaction with the innate immune toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), a 3D structure of the vaccine construct was developed. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation were used to confirm the binding and to assess the stability of the vaccine-TLR4 complex and interactions, respectively. In conclusion, our multi-epitope vaccine will provide a gateway to analyze the protein function of a potential vaccine candidate against CL.
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He S, Zhou J, Ma Y, Wang W, Yang J. MicroRNA-19a Inhibition Directly and Indirectly Ameliorates Th2 Airway Inflammation in Asthma by Targeting RUNX3. Inflammation 2023; 46:370-387. [PMID: 36112239 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of T-cell differentiation is characteristic of airway inflammation in allergic asthma. How miR-19a works in asthma has not been completely elucidated. This study aimed to examine whether microRNA-19a regulates helper T-cell proliferation and to identify the factors involved and the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that miR-19a levels were upregulated in parallel with a reduction in RUNX3 expression in a house dust mite (HDM)-induced murine model of asthma. A dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay showed that RUNX3 was a direct target of miR-19a. Inhibiting the expression of miR-19a attenuated inflammation and mucus production, induced Th1 cells, suppressed the Th2 inflammatory response, and repressed dendritic cell (DC) maturation by increasing RUNX3 expression in WT asthmatic mice but not RUNX3+/- mice. In vitro experiments revealed that miR-19a inhibition could target RUNX3 to induce Th1 polarization and inhibit Th2 polarization by directly acting on naïve CD4+ T cells or indirectly mediating the maturation and antigen-presenting abilities of DCs. These findings indicate that miR-19a directly and indirectly regulates immunoinflammatory responses in asthma by targeting RUNX3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojun He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Jingrun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
| | - Jiong Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Donghu Road 169, Wuhan, 430071, Hubei, China.
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A Structural View at Vaccine Development against M. tuberculosis. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020317. [PMID: 36672252 PMCID: PMC9857197 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is still the leading global cause of death from an infectious bacterial agent. Limiting tuberculosis epidemic spread is therefore an urgent global public health priority. As stated by the WHO, to stop the spread of the disease we need a new vaccine, with better coverage than the current Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine. This vaccine was first used in 1921 and, since then, there are still no new licensed tuberculosis vaccines. However, there is extremely active research in the field, with a steep acceleration in the past decades, due to the advance of technologies and more rational vaccine design strategies. This review aims to gather latest updates in vaccine development in the various clinical phases and to underline the contribution of Structural Vaccinology (SV) to the development of safer and effective antigens. In particular, SV and the development of vaccine adjuvants is making the use of subunit vaccines, which are the safest albeit the less antigenic ones, an achievable goal. Indeed, subunit vaccines overcome safety concerns but need to be rationally re-engineered to enhance their immunostimulating effects. The larger availability of antigen structural information as well as a better understanding of the complex host immune response to TB infection is a strong premise for a further acceleration of TB vaccine development.
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Verma A, Ghoshal A, Dwivedi VP, Bhaskar A. Tuberculosis: The success tale of less explored dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1079569. [PMID: 36619761 PMCID: PMC9813417 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1079569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is an intracellular pathogen that predominantly affects the alveolar macrophages in the respiratory tract. Upon infection, the activation of TLR2 and TLR4- mediated signaling pathways leads to lysosomal degradation of the bacteria. However, bacterium counteracts the host immune cells and utilizes them as a cellular niche for its survival. One distinctive mechanism of M.tb to limit the host stress responses such as hypoxia and nutrient starvation is induction of dormancy. As the environmental conditions become favorable, the bacteria resuscitate, resulting in a relapse of clinical symptoms. Different bacterial proteins play a critical role in maintaining the state of dormancy and resuscitation, namely, DevR (DosS), Hrp1, DATIN and RpfA-D, RipA, etc., respectively. Existing knowledge regarding the key proteins associated with dormancy and resuscitation can be employed to develop novel therapies. In this review we aim to highlight the current knowledge of bacterial progression from dormancy to resuscitation and the gaps in understanding the transition from dormant to active state. We have also focused on elucidating a few therapeutic strategies employed to prevent M.tb resuscitation.
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Rao X, Dong H, Zhang W, Sun H, Gu W, Zhang X, Huang L, Yan Y, Hao C, Ji W, Zhu C, Chen Z. MiR-493-5p inhibits Th9 cell differentiation in allergic asthma by targeting FOXO1. Respir Res 2022; 23:286. [PMID: 36253857 PMCID: PMC9578235 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02207-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of micro RNAs (miRNAs) in asthma remains unclear. In this study, we examined the role of miRNA in targeting FOXO1 in asthma. Results showed that miR-493-5p was one of the differentially expressed miRNAs in the PBMCs of asthmatic children, and was also associated with Th cell differentiation. The miR-493-5p expression decreased significantly in the OVA-induced asthma mice than the control groups. The miR-493-5p mimic inhibited the expression of the IL-9, IRF4 and FOXO1, while the inhibitor restored these effects. Moreover, the Dual-Luciferase analysis results showed FOXO1 as a novel valid target of miR-493-5p. According to the rescue experiment, miR-493-5p inhibited Th9 cell differentiation by targeting FOXO1. Then the exosomes in association with the pathogenesis of asthma was identified. Various inflammatory cells implicated in asthmatic processes including B and T lymphocytes, DCs, mast cells, and epithelial cells can release exosomes. Our results demonstrated that the DC-derived exosomes can inhibit Th9 cell differentiation through miR-493-5p, thus DC-derived exosomal miR-493-5p/FOXO1/Th9 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Rao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road No. 303, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China.,First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Heting Dong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road No. 303, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road No. 303, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiming Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road No. 303, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjing Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road No. 303, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road No. 303, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road No. 303, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongdong Yan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road No. 303, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuangli Hao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road No. 303, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Ji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road No. 303, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Canhong Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road No. 303, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhengrong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Jingde Road No. 303, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China.
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Saelee C, Hanthamrongwit J, Soe PT, Khaenam P, Inthasin N, Ekpo P, Chootong P, Leepiyasakulchai C. Toll-like receptor-mediated innate immune responses by recognition of the recombinant dormancy-associated Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins Rv2659c and Rv1738. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273517. [PMID: 36048884 PMCID: PMC9436120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) poses a major threat to the global public health. Importantly, latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) still impedes the elimination of TB incidence since it has a substantial risk to develop active disease. A multi-stage subunit vaccine comprising active and latency antigens of Mtb has been raised as the promising vaccine to trigger immune protection against all stages of TB. Therefore, the discovery of new antigens that could trigger broad immune response is essential. While current development of TB vaccine mainly focuses on protective immunity mediated by adaptive immune response, the knowledge on triggering the innate immune response by antigens is still limited. We showed that recombinant dormancy-associated Mtb proteins Rv2659c and Rv1738 were recognized by human innate immune recognition molecules, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 by using HEK-Blue™ hTLR2/hTLR4 systems. We further demonstrated that these two proteins activated phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (Ser536) in the human CD14+ blood cells. We also investigated that these two proteins significantly induced level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α) which were mediated through TLR2 and TLR4 pathways in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). These findings suggest that proteins Rv2659c and Rv1738 stimulated innate immune response targeting TLR2 and TLR4 to produce inflammatory cytokines, and their benefits would be valuable for the development of an effective prophylactic tuberculosis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutiphon Saelee
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jariya Hanthamrongwit
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phyu Thwe Soe
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Medical Technology, Mandalay, Myanmar
| | - Prasong Khaenam
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Center of Standardization and Product Validation, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naharuthai Inthasin
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Department of Immunology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pattama Ekpo
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Department of Immunology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patchanee Chootong
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaniya Leepiyasakulchai
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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12
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Kim H, Shin SJ. Pathological and protective roles of dendritic cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: Interaction between host immune responses and pathogen evasion. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:891878. [PMID: 35967869 PMCID: PMC9366614 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.891878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are principal defense components that play multifactorial roles in translating innate immune responses to adaptive immunity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections. The heterogeneous nature of DC subsets follows their altered functions by interacting with other immune cells, Mtb, and its products, enhancing host defense mechanisms or facilitating pathogen evasion. Thus, a better understanding of the immune responses initiated, promoted, and amplified or inhibited by DCs in Mtb infection is an essential step in developing anti-tuberculosis (TB) control measures, such as host-directed adjunctive therapy and anti-TB vaccines. This review summarizes the recent advances in salient DC subsets, including their phenotypic classification, cytokine profiles, functional alterations according to disease stages and environments, and consequent TB outcomes. A comprehensive overview of the role of DCs from various perspectives enables a deeper understanding of TB pathogenesis and could be useful in developing DC-based vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Pattanaik KP, Sengupta S, Jit BP, Kotak R, Sonawane A. Host-Mycobacteria conflict: Immune responses of the host vs. the mycobacteria TLR2 and TLR4 ligands and concomitant host-directed therapy. Microbiol Res 2022; 264:127153. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Bagheri A, Nezafat N, Eslami M, Ghasemi Y, Negahdaripour M. Designing a therapeutic and prophylactic candidate vaccine against human papillomavirus through vaccinomics approaches. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 95:105084. [PMID: 34547435 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer, the 4th prominent cause of death in women globally. Previous vaccine development projects have led to several approved prophylactic vaccines available commercially, all of which are made using major capsid-based (L1). Administration of minor capsid protein (L2) gave rise to the second generation investigational prophylactic HPV vaccines, none of which are approved yet due to low immunogenicity provided by the L2 capsid protein. On the other hand, post-translation proteins, E6 and E7, have been utilized to develop experimental therapeutic vaccines. Here, in silico designing of a therapeutic and prophylactic vaccine against HPV16 is performed. METHODS In this study, several immunoinformatic and computational tools were administered to identify and design a vaccine construct with dual prophylactic and therapeutic applications consisting of several epitope regions on L2, E6, and E7 proteins of HPV16. RESULTS Immunodominant epitope regions (aa 12-23 and 78-78 of L2 protein, aa 11-27 of E6 protein, and aa 70-89 of E7 protein) were employed, which offered adequate immunogenicity to induce immune responses. Resuscitation-promoting factors (RpfB and RpfE) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were integrated in two separate constructs as TLR4 agonists to act as vaccine adjuvants. Following physiochemical and structural evaluations carried out by various bioinformatics tools, the designed constructs were modeled and validated, resulting in two 3D structures. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations suggested stable ligand-receptor interactions between the designed construct and TLR4. CONCLUSION Ultimately, this study led to suggest the designed construct as a potential vaccine candidate with both prophylactic and therapeutic applications against HPV by promoting Th1, Th2, CTL, and B cell immune responses, which should be further confirmed in experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Bagheri
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Eslami
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Pharmaceutical Science Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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15
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Han JM, Song HY, Seo HS, Byun EH, Lim ST, Kim WS, Byun EB. Immunoregulatory properties of a crude extraction fraction rich in polysaccharide from Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich var. latilobum and its potential role as a vaccine adjuvant. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 95:107513. [PMID: 33756223 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to demonstrate the immunostimulatory effects of a polysaccharide isolated from Chrysanthemum zawadskii Herbich var. latilobum leaves (CP) and evaluate its potential as a vaccine adjuvant. Results showed that CP induced maturation of the dendritic cells (DCs). In addition, CP-treated DCs activated naïve T cells to polarized CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and substantially induced the production of IFN-γ and IL-2 in vitro. Furthermore, CP initiated the maturation of DCs via the activation of MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Interestingly, systemic administration of CP-treated DCs pulsed with ovalbumin (OVA) peptides significantly enhanced the immune response in vivo, which included the generation of antigen (OVA)-specific polyfunctional T cells, increased cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, induction of Th1-mediated humoral immunity, and suppression of tumor growth. Taken together, our study highlighted the immunoregulatory activity of CP as well as its potential as a candidate vaccine adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Moo Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Yeon Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hong Byun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kongju National University, Yesan 340-800, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Taik Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Baek Byun
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Hoang HH, Wang PC, Chen SC. Recombinant resuscitation-promoting factor protein of Nocardia seriolae, a promissing vaccine candidate for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 111:127-139. [PMID: 33545184 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nocardia seriolae is an important pathogenic bacterium that causes nocardiosis in various fish species and leads to economic losses in the fish industry. To develop an effective subunit vaccine against nocardial infection, the truncated resuscitation-promoting factor (tRPF) of N. seriolae was selected and recombinantly produced using the Escherichia coli expression system. Western blotting results indicated that the recombinant protein could be strongly recognised by largemouth bass anti-N. seriolae antibodies. The protective efficacy of tRPF recombinant protein was assessed in combination with the commercial adjuvant Montanide™ ISA 763 A VG. The results showed that emulsified tRPF + ISA significantly induced high serum antibody response and serum lysozyme activity in the vaccinated fish. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that tRPF + ISA could notably enhance the expression of immune-related genes in both the head kidney and spleen of the vaccinated fish. Finally, vaccinated largemouth bass displayed higher immuno-protection with a relative percent survival of 69.23% compared to the control groups. Taken together, the combination of tRPF + ISA is an ideal vaccine candidate against N. seriolae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Hoa Hoang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Disease Centre, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Science and Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Southern Taiwan Fish Disease Centre, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Science and Technology, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, No. 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan; Research Centre for Animal Biologics, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
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17
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Park SC, Shim D, Kim H, Bak Y, Choi DY, Yoon JH, Kim CH, Shin SJ. Fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3-Independent Dendritic Cells Are Major Mediators of Th2 Immune Responses in Allergen-Induced Asthmatic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249508. [PMID: 33327561 PMCID: PMC7765069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main mediators of Th2 immune responses in allergic asthma, and Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) is an important growth factor for the development and homeostasis of DCs. This study identified the DC populations that primarily cause the initiation and development of allergic lung inflammation using Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) knockout (KO) mice with allergen-induced allergic asthma. We observed type 2 allergic lung inflammation with goblet cell hyperplasia in Flt3 KO mice, despite a significant reduction in total DCs, particularly CD103+ DCs, which was barely detected. In addition, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from Flt3 KO mice directed Th2 immune responses in vitro, and the adoptive transfer of these BMDCs exacerbated allergic asthma with more marked Th2 responses than that of BMDCs from wild-type (WT) mice. Furthermore, we found that Flt3L regulated the in vitro expression of OX40 ligand (OX40L) in DCs, which is correlated with DC phenotype in in vivo models. In conclusion, we revealed that Flt3-independent CD11b+ DCs direct Th2 responses with the elevated OX40L and are the primary cause of allergic asthma. Our findings suggest that Flt3 is required to control type 2 allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea;
| | - Dahee Shim
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.S.); (H.K.); (Y.B.)
| | - Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.S.); (H.K.); (Y.B.)
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (PLUS) Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yeeun Bak
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (D.S.); (H.K.); (Y.B.)
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (PLUS) Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Da Yeon Choi
- Hallym University Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Chuncheon 24252, Korea;
| | - Joo-Heon Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Global Research Laboratory for Allergic Airway Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-H.K.); (S.J.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-3609 (C.-H.K.); +82-2-2228-1813 (S.J.S.)
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (PLUS) Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Global Research Laboratory for Allergic Airway Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-H.K.); (S.J.S.); Tel.: +82-2-2228-3609 (C.-H.K.); +82-2-2228-1813 (S.J.S.)
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18
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Fusion of Dendritic Cells Activating Rv2299c Protein Enhances the Protective Immunity of Ag85B-ESAT6 Vaccine Candidate against Tuberculosis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110865. [PMID: 33105734 PMCID: PMC7690420 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, naïve T cells that encounter mycobacterial antigens through dendritic cells (DCs) induce various CD4+ T-cell responses; therefore, appropriate DC activation is the key for protective immunity against tuberculosis. We previously found that Rv2299c-matured DCs induce Th1 differentiation with bactericidal activity. In this study, to prove that Rv2299c could enhance the protective immunity of other vaccine candidates comprising T-cell-stimulating antigens, Ag85B-ESAT6, a well-known vaccine candidate, was selected as a fusion partner of Rv2299c. Recombinant Rv2299c-Ag85B-ESAT6 protein induced DC maturation and activation. Furthermore, fusion of Rv2299c enhanced the protective efficacy of the Ag85B-ESAT6 vaccine in a mouse model and significantly higher production of TNF-α and IL-2 was detected in the lungs, spleen, and lymph nodes of the group immunized with the Rv2299c-fused protein than with Ag85B-ESAT6. In addition, fusion of Rv2299c enhanced the Ag85B-ESAT6-mediated expansion of multifunctional CD4+ T cells. These data suggested that the DC-activating protein Rv2299c may potentiate the protective immunity of the vaccine candidate comprising T cell antigens.
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19
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Zhai J, Gao W, Zhao L, Lu C. Integrated transcriptomic and quantitative proteomic analysis identifies potential RNA sensors that respond to the Ag85A DNA vaccine. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104487. [PMID: 32920150 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA vaccine has emerged as a promising approach with potential for Tuberculosis (TB) prevention in adults. However, the mechanism behind DNA vaccines is still largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Utilizing the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, we engineered Ag85A mutated dendritic cells (Ag85A-M-DCs) in which the Ag85A mRNA derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was expressed but not the corresponding protein. Control cells (Ag85A-DCs) expressed both Ag85A mRNA and protein. To better understand the mechanism of antigen presentation following DNA vaccination, integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of dendritic cells (DCs), Ag85A-DCs, and Ag85A-M-DCs were performed. RESULTS A total of 723, 278, and 933 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 209, 134, and 509 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between Ag85A-M-DCs and DCs, Ag85A-DCs and DCs, and Ag85A-M-DCs and Ag85A-DCs, respectively. Integration analysis detected 59, 15, and 64 associated DEGs/DEPs with the same expression trend between Ag85A-M-DCs and DCs, Ag85A-DCs and DCs, and Ag85A-M-DCs and Ag85A-DCs, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis showed that chemokine signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway were enriched in all three pairs of comparisons. The protein and protein interaction network revealed that ANXA1 was in the top 10 high-degree hub genes closely related to other genes in all three pairs of comparisons. CONCLUSION The results indicated that Ag85A DNA vaccine might transmit immunogenicity information and induce immune responses by activating chemokine signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. ANXA1 may serve as a key target molecule of the Ag85A vaccine with additional potential for TB prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Zhai
- Brucellosis Institute of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China; Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, 028042, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Brucellosis Institute of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Leheng Zhao
- Brucellosis Institute of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China
| | - Changlong Lu
- Brucellosis Institute of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, China; Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; Brucellosis Prevention and Treatment Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, 028042, China.
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20
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Harnessing Bioinformatic Approaches to Design Novel Multi-epitope Subunit Vaccine Against Leishmania infantum. Int J Pept Res Ther 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-019-09949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Park SC, Kim H, Bak Y, Shim D, Kwon KW, Kim CH, Yoon JH, Shin SJ. An Alternative Dendritic Cell-Induced Murine Model of Asthma Exhibiting a Robust Th2/Th17-Skewed Response. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:537-555. [PMID: 32141265 PMCID: PMC7061158 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.3.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Simple and reliable animal models of human diseases contribute to the understanding of disease pathogenesis as well as the development of therapeutic interventions. Although several murine models to mimic human asthma have been established, most of them require anesthesia, resulting in variability among test individuals, and do not mimic asthmatic responses accompanied by T-helper (Th) 17 and neutrophils. As dendritic cells (DCs) are known to play an important role in initiating and maintaining asthmatic inflammation, we developed an asthma model via adoptive transfer of allergen-loaded DCs. METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA)-loaded bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs) (OVA-BMDCs) were injected intravenously 3 times into non-anesthetized C57BL/6 mice after intraperitoneal OVA-sensitization. RESULTS OVA-BMDC-transferred mice developed severe asthmatic immune responses when compared with mice receiving conventional OVA challenge intranasally. Notably, remarkable increases in systemic immunoglobulin (Ig) E and IgG1 responses, Th2/Th17-associated cytokines (interleukin [IL]-5, IL-13 and IL-17), Th2/Th17-skewed T-cell responses, and cellular components, including eosinophils, neutrophils, and goblet cells, were observed in the lungs of OVA-BMDC-transferred mice. Moreover, the asthmatic immune responses and severity of inflammation were correlated with the number of OVA-BMDCs transferred, indicating that the disease severity and asthma type may be adjusted according to the experimental purpose by this method. Furthermore, this model exhibited less variation among the test individuals than the conventional model. In addition, this DCs-based asthma model was partially resistant to steroid treatment. CONCLUSIONS A reliable murine model of asthma by intravenous (i.v.) transfer of OVA-BMDCs was successfully established without anesthesia. This model more accurately reflects heterogeneous human asthma, exhibiting a robust Th2/Th17-skewed response and eosinophilic/neutrophilic infiltration with good reproducibility and low variation among individuals. This model will be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of asthma and would serve as an alternative tool for immunological studies on the function of DCs, T-cell responses and new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeeun Bak
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dahee Shim
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University College of Natural Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Heon Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Global Research Laboratory for Allergic Airway Diseases, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Global Research Laboratory for Allergic Airway Diseases, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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22
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A new multi-epitope peptide vaccine induces immune responses and protection against Leishmania infantum in BALB/c mice. Med Microbiol Immunol 2019; 209:69-79. [PMID: 31696313 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-019-00640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a tropical and subtropical disease which is endemic in more than eighty countries around the world. Leishmania infantum is one of the main causative agents of VL disease. Currently, there is no approved-to-market vaccine for VL therapy. In this study, we evaluated cellular and humoral immune responses induced by our newly designed multi-epitope vaccine in BALB/c mice. Four antigenic proteins, including histone H1, sterol 24-c-methyltransferase (SMT), Leishmania-specific hypothetical protein (LiHy), and Leishmania-specific antigenic protein (LSAP) were chosen for the prediction of potential immunodominant epitopes. Moreover, to enhance vaccine immunogenicity, two toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) agonists, resuscitation-promoting factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RpfE and RpfB), were employed as the built-in adjuvants. Immunization with the designed multi-epitope vaccine elicited a robust Th1-type immune response, compared to other groups, as shown by increased levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IgG2a. Furthermore, a significant decrease was observed in Th-2-type-related cytokines such as IL-4 in immunized mice. The designed construct also induced a significant reduction in parasite load (p < 0.0001), conferring protection against L. infantum challenge. This study could be promising in gaining insight towards the potential of peptide epitope-based vaccines as effective protective approaches against Leishmania species.
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23
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Rukmana A, Rasyid B, Sjatha F. Gluthathione S-transferase-resuscitation-promoting factor B recombinant protein of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> induces the production of interferon-γ and interleukin-12 in mice splenocytes. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF INDONESIA 2019. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.v28i3.2444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the only TB vaccine available, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin shows variable efficacy in adults and does not provide protection against the resuscitation of latent TB infections. Resuscitation-promoting factor B (RpfB) is a protein produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis during the resuscitation phase and is promising as a novel TB vaccine. This study was aimed to analyze the immunogenicity of the gluthathione S-transferase (GST)-RpfB recombinant protein on mice splenocytes in vitro. METHODS After induction with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside, the protein was extracted by sonication followed by solubilization in 8 M urea buffer. Protein was then re-natured and purified with a GST chromatography column. The isolated protein was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot using anti-GST antibodies, and its concentration was determined using the Bradford method. Each group of splenocytes was treated with 25 μg/ ml of the recombinant protein (GST-RpfB), GST, and phytohemagglutinin. Antigen induction was repeated twice at 24 and 72 hours. The supernatant was collected at 96 hours and interferon gamma (IFNγ), interleukin (IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10) levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS GST-RpfB recombinant proteins were expressed in the form of inclusion bodies with a molecular weight of approximately 66 kDa. Based on the independent t-test, GST-RpfB stimulated IFNγ and IL-12 production but not IL-4 and IL-10. CONCLUSIONS The GST-RpfB protein has been immunogenically proven and is a potential candidate as a novel subunit TB vaccine.
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Choi HH, Kwon KW, Han SJ, Kang SM, Choi E, Kim A, Cho SN, Shin SJ. PPE39 of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain Beijing/K induces Th1-cell polarization through dendritic cell maturation. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.228700. [PMID: 31371491 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.228700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we have identified MTBK_24820, the complete protein form of PPE39 in the hypervirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain Beijing/K by using comparative genomic analysis. PPE39 exhibited vaccine potential against Mtb challenge in a murine model. Thus, in this present study, we characterize PPE39-induced immunological features by investigating the interaction of PPE39 with dendritic cells (DCs). PPE39-treated DCs display reduced dextran uptake and enhanced MHC-I, MHC-II, CD80 and CD86 expression, indicating that this PPE protein induces phenotypic DC maturation. In addition, PPE39-treated DCs produce TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-12p70 to a similar and/or greater extent than lipopolysaccharide-treated DCs in a dose-dependent manner. The activating effect of PPE39 on DCs was mediated by TLR4 through downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Moreover, PPE39-treated DCs promoted naïve CD4+ T-cell proliferation accompanied by remarkable increases of IFN-γ and IL-2 secretion levels, and an increase in the Th1-related transcription factor T-bet but not in Th2-associated expression of GATA-3, suggesting that PPE39 induces Th1-type T-cell responses through DC activation. Collectively, the results indicate that the complete form of PPE39 is a so-far-unknown TLR4 agonist that induces Th1-cell biased immune responses by interacting with DCs.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Seung Jung Han
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Soon Myung Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Eunsol Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Ahreum Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Sang-Nae Cho
- Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea .,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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Kim WS, Yoon JH, Shin MK, Shin SJ. Infection of Dendritic Cells With Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis Exhibits a Functionally Tolerogenic Phenotype in Response to Toll-Like Receptor Agonists via IL-10/Cox2/PGE2/EP2 Axis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1795. [PMID: 31440223 PMCID: PMC6692481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis (MAH) is the most common agent causing nontuberculous mycobacterial disease in humans. It mainly causes chronic and slowly progressive pulmonary disease (PD), which requires a long-term treatment and allows opportunistic co-infection by common pulmonary pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Aspergillus spp., thereby resulting in alteration of host immune response. In the present study, we investigated the phenotypical and functional alterations of dendritic cells (DCs), a bridge antigen-presenting cell between innate and adaptive immunity, following MAH infection in response to various toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists mimicking co-infection conditions, along with subsequent T cell response. Interestingly, MAH-infected DCs produced interleukin (IL)-10 significantly and decreased the level of IL-12p70 in response to Poly I:C and LPS, although not so in response to Pam3CSK4, imiquimod, or CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, thereby indicating that the TLR3 and TLR4 agonists functionally altered MAH-infected DCs toward a tolerogenic phenotype. Moreover, IL-10-producing tolerogenic DCs were remarkably induced by MAH and P. aeruginosa co-infection. To precisely elucidate how these TLR agonists induce tolerogenic DCs upon MAH infection, we sought to clarify the major mechanisms involved, using LPS, which caused the greatest increase in IL-10 production by the TLR agonists. Increased IL-10 stimulated the creation of tolerogenic DCs by significantly reducing MHC class II expression and MHC class II-antigen presentation, eventually inhibiting CD4+ T cell proliferation, along with decreased IFN-γ and IL-2. The tolerogenic phenotypes of MAH/LPS-treated DCs were restored by anti-IL-10 neutralization, validating the induction of tolerogenicity by IL-10. Interestingly, IL-10-producing-tolerogenic DCs were observed after infection with live MAH, rather than with inactivated or dead MAH. In addition, TLR2-/- and TLR4-/- DCs confirmed the association of IL-10 production with TLR2 and TLR4 signaling; IL-10 production synergistically increased when both TLR4 and TLR2 were involved. Expression of Cox2 and PGE2 increased along with IL-10 while that of IL-10 was inhibited by their selective inhibitors celecoxib and anti-EP2 antibody, respectively. Thus, the tolerogenic phenotypes of MAH/LPS-treated DCs were proven to be induced by Cox-2/PGE2-dependent EP2 signaling as the main mechanism. These findings may provide important clues that the tolerogenic cascade in MAH-infected DCs induced by TLR 4 signaling can alter host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Joo-Heon Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Sepehri Z, Kiani Z, Kohan F, Ghavami S. Toll-Like Receptor 4 as an Immune Receptor Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Systematic Review. Lab Med 2019; 50:117-129. [PMID: 30124945 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmy047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the main Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and the roles played by toll-like receptor (TLR)4 in determination of Mtb infection outcome. METHODS Several scientific databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, were used for searching appropriate research articles from the literature for information on our topic. RESULTS TLR4 plays positive roles in induction of immune responses against Mtb and participates in eradication of the infection. Some limited investigations approved the roles of TLR4 in induction of apoptosis in macrophages during tuberculosis (TB) and attenuation of immune responses in some situations. CONCLUSIONS TB outcome appears to be dependent on TLR4/Mtb interaction and several factors, including bacterial load and immune or nonimmune cells, as hosts. Also, other TLR/Mtb interactions can affect TLR4 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sepehri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Zohre Kiani
- Zabol Medicinal Plant Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran and Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farhad Kohan
- Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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27
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Li Q, Liu C, Yue R, El-Ashram S, Wang J, He X, Zhao D, Zhou X, Xu L. cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 Signaling Pathway Activates BMDCs Maturation Following Mycobacterium bovis Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040895. [PMID: 30791397 PMCID: PMC6412216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) is an important cytosolic DNA sensor that plays a crucial role in triggering STING-dependent signal and inducing type I interferons (IFNs). cGAS is important for intracellular bacterial recognition and innate immune responses. However, the regulating effect of the cGAS pathway for bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) during Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection is still unknown. We hypothesized that the maturation and activation of BMDCs were modulated by the cGAS/STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway. In this study, we found that M. bovis promoted phenotypic maturation and functional activation of BMDCs via the cGAS signaling pathway, with the type I IFN and its receptor (IFNAR) contributing. Additionally, we showed that the type I IFN pathway promoted CD4+ T cells’ proliferation with BMDC during M. bovis infection. Meanwhile, the related cytokines increased the expression involved in this signaling pathway. These data highlight the mechanism of the cGAS and type I IFN pathway in regulating the maturation and activation of BMDCs, emphasizing the important role of this signaling pathway and BMDCs against M. bovis. This study provides new insight into the interaction between cGAS and dendritic cells (DCs), which could be considered in the development of new drugs and vaccines against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Xixia District, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Chunfa Liu
- State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ruichao Yue
- State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Saeed El-Ashram
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, 18 Jiangwan street, Foshan 528231, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiaoli He
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Xixia District, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Deming Zhao
- State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xiangmei Zhou
- State Key Lab of Agrobiotechnology, National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lihua Xu
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Xixia District, Yinchuan 750021, China.
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28
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Kim WS, Kim H, Kwon KW, Cho SN, Shin SJ. Immunogenicity and Vaccine Potential of InsB, an ESAT-6-Like Antigen Identified in the Highly Virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing K Strain. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:220. [PMID: 30809214 PMCID: PMC6379281 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our group recently identified InsB, an ESAT-6-like antigen belonging to the Mtb9.9 subfamily within the Esx family, in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Korean Beijing strain (Mtb K) via a comparative genomic analysis with that of the reference Mtb H37Rv and characterized its immunogenicity and its induced immune response in patients with tuberculosis (TB). However, the vaccine potential of InsB has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, InsB was evaluated as a subunit vaccine in comparison with the most well-known ESAT-6 against the hypervirulent Mtb K. Mice immunized with InsB/MPL-DDA exhibited an antigen-specific IFN-γ response along with antigen-specific effector/memory T cell expansion in the lungs and spleen upon antigen restimulation. In addition, InsB immunization markedly induced multifunctional Th1-type CD4+ T cells coexpressing TNF-α, IL-2, and IFN-γ in the lungs following Mtb K challenge. Finally, we found that InsB immunization conferred long-term protection against Mtb K comparable to that conferred by ESAT-6 immunization, as evidenced by a similar level of CFU reduction in the lung and spleen and reduced lung inflammation. These results suggest that InsB may be an excellent vaccine antigen component for developing a multiantigenic Mtb subunit vaccine by generating Th1-biased memory T cells with a multifunctional capacity and may confer durable protection against the highly virulent Mtb K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Nae Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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29
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Kwon KW, Choi HH, Han SJ, Kim JS, Kim WS, Kim H, Kim LH, Kang SM, Park J, Shin SJ. Vaccine efficacy of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing-specific proline-glutamic acid (PE) antigen against highly virulent outbreak isolates. FASEB J 2019; 33:6483-6496. [PMID: 30753099 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802604r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine confers insufficient pulmonary protection against tuberculosis (TB), particularly the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) Beijing strain infection. Identification of vaccine antigens (Ags) by considering Mtb genetic diversity is crucial for the development of improved TB vaccine. MTBK_20640, a new Beijing genotype-specific proline-glutamic acid-family Ag, was identified by comparative genomic analysis. Its immunologic features were characterized by evaluating interactions with dendritic cells (DCs), and immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy were determined against highly virulent Mtb Beijing outbreak Korean Beijing (K) strain and HN878 strain in murine infection model. MTBK_20640 induced DCs via TLR2 and downstream MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, effectively promoting naive CD4-positive (CD4+) T-cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. Different IFN-γ response was observed in mice infected with Mtb K or reference H37Rv strain. Significant induction of T helper type 1 cell-polarized Ag-specific multifunctional CD4+ T cells and a marked Ag-specific IgG2c response were observed in mice immunized with MTBK_20640/glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant-stable emulsion. The immunization conferred long-term protection against 2 Mtb Beijing outbreak strains, as evidenced by a significant reduction in colony-forming units in the lung and spleen and reduced lung inflammation. MTBK_20640 vaccination conferred long-term protection against highly virulent Mtb Beijing strains. MTBK_20640 may be developed into a novel Ag component in multisubunit TB vaccines in the future.-Kwon, K. W., Choi, H.-H., Han, S. J., Kim, J.-S., Kim, W. S., Kim, H., Kim, L.-H., Kang, S. M., Park, J., Shin, S. J. Vaccine efficacy of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing-specific proline-glutamic acid (PE) antigen against highly virulent outbreak isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (PLUS) Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (PLUS) Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Jung Han
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (PLUS) Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (PLUS) Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (PLUS) Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (PLUS) Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lee-Han Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (PLUS) Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon Myung Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (PLUS) Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaehun Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (PLUS) Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 Program for Leading Universities and Students (PLUS) Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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30
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Jang AR, Kim G, Hong JJ, Kang SM, Shin SJ, Park JH. Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT6 Drives the Activation and Maturation of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells via TLR4-Mediated Signaling. Immune Netw 2019; 19:e13. [PMID: 31089440 PMCID: PMC6494767 DOI: 10.4110/in.2019.19.e13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
6-kDa early secretory antigenic target (ESAT6), a virulent factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is involved in immune regulation. However, the underlying mechanism behind the activation and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) by ESAT6 remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect on TLRs signaling on the regulation of ESAT6-induced activation and maturation of DCs. ESAT6 induced production of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-12p40 in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from wild-type and TLR2-deficient mice, with this induction abolished in TLR4-deficient cells. NF-κB is essential for the ESAT6-induced production of the cytokines in BMDCs. TLR4 was also required for ESAT6-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPKs in BMDCs. ESAT6 additionally upregulated the expression of surface molecules CD80, CD86, and MHC-II, and also promoted the ability of CD4+ T cells to secrete IFN-γ via the TLR4-dependent pathway. Our findings suggest that TLR4 is critical in the activation and maturation of DCs in response to ESAT6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Ra Jang
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Green Kim
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Myung Kang
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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31
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Kim WS, Kim JS, Kim HM, Kwon KW, Eum SY, Shin SJ. Comparison of immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy between heat-shock proteins, HSP70 and GrpE, in the DnaK operon of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14411. [PMID: 30258084 PMCID: PMC6158166 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigens (Ags) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that are constitutively expressed, overexpressed during growth, essential for survival, and highly conserved may be good vaccine targets if they induce the appropriate anti-Mtb Th1 immune response. In this context, stress response-related antigens of Mtb might serve as attractive targets for vaccine development as they are rapidly expressed and are up-regulated during Mtb infection in vivo. Our group recently demonstrated that GrpE, encoded by rv0351 as a cofactor of heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the DnaK operon, is a novel immune activator that interacts with DCs to generate Th1-biased memory T cells in an antigen-specific manner. In this study, GrpE was evaluated as a subunit vaccine in comparison with the well-known HSP70 against the hyper-virulent Mtb Beijing K-strain. Both HSP70- and GrpE-specific effector/memory T cells expanded to a similar extent as those stimulated with ESAT-6 in the lung and spleen of Mtb-infected mice, but GrpE only produced a similar level of IFN-γ to that produced by ESAT-6 stimulation during the late phase and the early phase of Mtb K infection, indicating that GrpE is highly-well recognised by the host immune system as a T cell antigen. Mice immunised with the GrpE subunit vaccine displayed enhanced antigen-specific IFN-γ and serum IgG2c responses along with antigen-specific effector/memory T cell expansion in the lungs. In addition, GrpE-immunisation markedly induced multifunctional Th1-type CD4+ T cells co-expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 in the lungs of Mtb K-infected mice, whereas HSP70-immunisation induced mixed Th1/Th2 immune responses. GrpE-immunisation conferred a more significant protective effect than that of HSP70-immunisation in terms of bacterial reduction and improved inflammation, accompanied by the remarkable persistence of GrpE-specific multifunctional CD4+ T cells. These results suggest that GrpE is an excellent vaccine antigen component for the development of a multi-antigenic Mtb subunit vaccine by generating Th1-biased memory T cells with multifunctional capacity, and confers durable protection against the highly virulent Mtb K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Myunggok Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hong Min Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Eum
- Division of Immunopathology and Cellular Immunology, International Tuberculosis Research Center, Changwon, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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32
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Vakili B, Eslami M, Hatam GR, Zare B, Erfani N, Nezafat N, Ghasemi Y. Immunoinformatics-aided design of a potential multi-epitope peptide vaccine against Leishmania infantum. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1127-1139. [PMID: 30172806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) or kala-azar, the most severe form of the disease, is endemic in more than eighty countries across the world. To date, there is no approved vaccine against VL in the market. Recent advances in reverse vaccinology could be promising approach in designing the efficient vaccine for VL treatment. In this study, an efficient multi-epitope vaccine against Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of VL, was designed using various computational vaccinology methods. Potential immunodominant epitopes were selected from four antigenic proteins, including histone H1, sterol 24-c-methyltransferase (SMT), Leishmania-specific hypothetical protein (LiHy), and Leishmania-specific antigenic protein (LSAP). To enhance vaccine immunogenicity, two resuscitation-promoting factor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, RpfE and RpfB, were employed as adjuvants. All the aforesaid segments were joined using proper linkers. Homology modeling, followed by refinement and validation was performed to obtain a high-quality 3D structure of designed vaccine. Docking analyses and molecular dynamics (MD) studies indicated vaccine/TLR4 complex was in the stable form during simulation time. In sum, we expect our designed vaccine is able to induce humoral and cellular immune responses against L. infantum, and may be promising medication for VL, after in vitro and in vivo immunological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Vakili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Eslami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Hatam
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bijan Zare
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Erfani
- Institute for Cancer Research (ICR), School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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33
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Kim WS, Shin MK, Shin SJ. MAP1981c, a Putative Nucleic Acid-Binding Protein, Produced by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Induces Maturation of Dendritic Cells and Th1-Polarization. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:206. [PMID: 29977867 PMCID: PMC6021526 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative pathogen of chronic granulomatous enteropathy (Johne's disease) in animals, and has been focused on its association with various autoimmune diseases in humans, including Crohn's disease. The discovery of novel mycobacterial antigens and exploring their role in host immunity can contribute to the advancement of effective defense strategies including vaccines and diagnostic tools. In a preliminary study, we identified cellular extract proteins of MAP that strongly react with the blood of patients with Crohn's disease. In particular, MAP1981c, a putative nucleic acid-binding protein, showed high expression levels and strong reactivity to IgG and IgM in the sera of patients. Here, we investigated the immunological features of MAP1981c and focused on its interaction with dendritic cells (DCs), confirming its immunomodulatory ability. MAP1981c was shown to recognize Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, and induce DC maturation and activation by increasing the expression of co-stimulatory (CD80 and CD86) and MHC class I/II molecules and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) in DCs. This DC activation by MAP1981c was mediated by downstream signaling of TLR4 via MyD88- and TRIF-, MAP kinase-, and NF-κB-dependent signaling pathways. In addition, MAP1981c-treated DCs activated naïve T cells and induced the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to express T-bet, IFN-γ, and/or IL-2, but not GATA-3 and IL-4, thus indicating that MAP1981c contributes to Th1-type immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that MAP1981c is a novel immunocompetent antigen that induces DC maturation and a Th1-biased response upon DC activation, suggesting that MAP1981c can be an effective vaccine and diagnostic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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34
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein Rv2220 induces maturation and activation of dendritic cells. Cell Immunol 2018; 328:70-78. [PMID: 29625705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains a serious health problem worldwide. Characterization of the dendritic cell (DC)-activating mycobacterial proteins has driven the development of effective TB vaccine candidates besides improving the understanding of immune responses. Some studies have emphasized the essential role of protein Rv2220 from M. tuberculosis in mycobacterial growth. Nonetheless, little is known about cellular immune responses to Rv2220. In this study, our aim was to test whether protein Rv2220 induces maturation and activation of DCs. Rv2220-activated DCs appeared to be in a mature state with elevated expression of relevant surface molecules and proinflammatory cytokines. DC maturation caused by Rv2220 was mediated by MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Specifically, Rv2220-matured DCs induced the expansion of memory CD62LlowCD44highCD4+ T cells in the spleen of mycobacteria-infected mice. Our results suggest that Rv2220 regulates host immune responses through maturation of DCs, a finding that points to a new vaccine candidate against tuberculosis.
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Kim WS, Kim JS, Shin MK, Shin SJ. A novel Th1-type T-cell immunity-biasing effect of malate dehydrogenase derived from Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis via the activation of dendritic cells. Cytokine 2018; 104:14-22. [PMID: 29414321 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative pathogen of Johne's disease in ruminants, characterized by chronic granulomatous enteritis; it also has zoonotic potential and is associated with Crohn's disease in humans. A better understanding of the mycobacterial antigens and their roles in the host immune response may facilitate the rational design of control strategies, including the development of effective vaccines and diagnostic tools. However, the functional roles of a large proportion of MAP antigens involved in modulating the host immune response remain unknown. In this study, an immunological role of MAP malate dehydrogenase (MDH, MAP2541c), an antigen that is upregulated in stress culture conditions, such as nutrient starvation and hypoxia, in polarizing naïve CD4+/CD8+ T cells toward Th1-biased T-cell immunity via the activation of dendritic cells (DCs) was identified. DCs treated with MAP MDH displayed characteristics of the activated and mature immune status, with augmented expression of cell surface molecules and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p70, but not IL-10, along with a dose-dependent decrease in the antigen uptake capacity. A mechanistic investigation revealed that the observed DC maturation is mediated by the activation of JNK, ERK, and p38 MAP kinases, and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Notably, DCs activated by MAP MDH treatment promoted naïve CD4+/CD8+ T cell proliferation; in particular, they effectively polarized naïve CD4+ T cells to secrete IFN-γ and IL-2 and activate T-bet, but, unlike the LPS control, did not influence IL-5 and GATA-3. These results indicated that MAP MDH has the potential to induce the Th1 cell response via DC activation. Collectively, our data demonstrated that MAP MDH is a novel immunostimulatory antigen that drives Th1-biased T cell polarization via interactions with DCs, suggesting that MDP MDH has the potential to be an effective MAP vaccine antigen target and diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Huang H, Wang F, Yang E, Wang H, Gao P, Shen H. Assessment of recombinant plasmid expressing fusion antigen Ag85B-Rv3425 in management of acute tuberculosis infection in mice. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3034-3039. [DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huichang Huang
- Unit of Anti‑Tuberculosis Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Enzhuo Yang
- Unit of Anti‑Tuberculosis Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Honghai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Shen
- Unit of Anti‑Tuberculosis Immunity, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
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37
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Kim WS, Kim JS, Cha SB, Kim H, Kwon KW, Kim SJ, Han SJ, Choi SY, Cho SN, Park JH, Shin SJ. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3628 drives Th1-type T cell immunity via TLR2-mediated activation of dendritic cells and displays vaccine potential against the hyper-virulent Beijing K strain. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24962-82. [PMID: 27097115 PMCID: PMC5041883 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of vaccine target antigens (Ags) that induce Ag-specific Th1 immunity is the first step toward the development of a tuberculosis vaccine. Here, we evaluated the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) protein Rv3628, a soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase, as a vaccine target and characterized the molecular details of its interaction with dendritic cells (DCs). Rv3628 activated DCs, increasing their expression of cell surface molecules and augmenting their production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p70. Rv3628 mediated these effects by binding to TLR2 and activating downstream MyD88-, MAPK- and NF-κB-dependent signaling pathways. Rv3628-stimulated DCs induced the expansion of OVA-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which secreted IFN-γ and IL-2. Rv3628-specific effector/memory T cells expanded to a similar extent as those stimulated with ESAT-6 Ag in samples of lung and spleen cells collected from Mtb-infected mice. Finally, an Rv3628 subunit vaccine adjuvanted with dimethyldioctadecylammonium liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid-A caused significant reductions in bacterial counts and lung inflammation after challenge with the hyper-virulent Mtb K strain. Importantly, protective efficacy was correlated with the generation of Rv3628-specific CD4+ T cells co-producing IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 and exhibiting an elevated IFN-γ recall response. Thus, Rv3628 polarizes DCs toward a Th1 phenotype and promotes protective immunity against Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Bin Cha
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Jung Han
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Nae Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hwan Park
- Laboratory of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Choi HG, Choi S, Back YW, Paik S, Park HS, Kim WS, Kim H, Cha SB, Choi CH, Shin SJ, Kim HJ. Rv2299c, a novel dendritic cell-activating antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, fused-ESAT-6 subunit vaccine confers improved and durable protection against the hypervirulent strain HN878 in mice. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19947-19967. [PMID: 28193909 PMCID: PMC5386736 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding functional interactions between DCs and antigens is necessary for achieving an optimal and desired immune response during vaccine development. Here, we identified and characterized protein Rv2299c (heat-shock protein 90 family), which effectively induced DC maturation. The Rv2299c-maturated DCs showed increased expression of surface molecules and production of proinflammatory cytokines. Rv2299c induced these effects by binding to TLR4 and stimulating the downstream MyD88-, MAPK- and NF-κB-dependent signaling pathways. The Rv2299c-maturated DCs also showed an induced Th1 cell response with bactericidal activity and expansion of effector/memory T cells. The Rv2299c-ESAT-6 fused protein had greater immunoreactivity than ESAT-6. Furthermore, boosting BCG with the fused protein significantly reduced hypervirulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis HN878 burdens post-challenge. The pathological study of the lung from the challenged mice assured the efficacy of the fused protein. The fused protein boosting also induced Rv2299c-ESAT-6-specific multifunctional CD4+ T-cell response in the lungs of the challenged mice. Our findings suggest that Rv2299c is an excellent candidate for the rational design of an effective multiantigenic TB vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Gyu Choi
- Department of Microbiology, and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunga Choi
- Department of Microbiology, and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Woo Back
- Department of Microbiology, and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwha Paik
- Department of Microbiology, and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Soo Park
- Department of Microbiology, and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bin Cha
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology, and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Jung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, and Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Faridgohar M, Nikoueinejad H. New findings of Toll-like receptors involved in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Pathog Glob Health 2017; 111:256-264. [PMID: 28715935 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2017.1351080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), an important issue in the present age, affects millions of people each year. The infectious agent of TB, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), interacts with the immune system which prevents the development of this bacterium as much as possible. In fact, the receptors on the surface of immune cells identify the bacteria, one of which is Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Different TLRs including 2, 4, 9 and 8 play critical roles in tuberculosis infection. In this paper, we focused on the role of TLRs which interact with different components of Mtb and, consequently, prevent the entrance and influence of bacteria on the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Faridgohar
- a Molecular Biology Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hassan Nikoueinejad
- b Nephrology and Urology Research Center , Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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40
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Rosser A, Stover C, Pareek M, Mukamolova GV. Resuscitation-promoting factors are important determinants of the pathophysiology in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Crit Rev Microbiol 2017; 43:621-630. [PMID: 28338360 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2017.1283485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Resuscitation promoting factors (Rpf) are peptidoglycan-hydrolyzing enzymes that are pivotal in the resuscitation of quiescent actinobacteria including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. From the published data, it is clear that Rpf are required for the resuscitation of non-replicating bacilli and pathogenesis in murine infection model of tuberculosis, although their direct influence on human Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is ill-defined. In this review, we describe the progress in the understanding of the roles that Rpf play in human tuberculosis pathogenesis and importance of bacilli dependent upon Rpf for growth for the outcome of human tuberculosis. We outline how this research is opening up important opportunities for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of human disease, progress in which is essential to attain the ultimate goal of tuberculosis eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Rosser
- a Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation , University of Leicester , Leicester , UK.,b Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine , University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust , Leicester , UK
| | - Cordula Stover
- a Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation , University of Leicester , Leicester , UK
| | - Manish Pareek
- a Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation , University of Leicester , Leicester , UK.,b Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine , University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust , Leicester , UK
| | - Galina V Mukamolova
- a Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation , University of Leicester , Leicester , UK
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41
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Kim WS, Kim JS, Cha SB, Kim SJ, Kim H, Kwon KW, Han SJ, Choi SY, Shin SJ. Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE27 activates dendritic cells and contributes to Th1-polarized memory immune responses during in vivo infection. Immunobiology 2015; 221:440-53. [PMID: 26655143 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A gradual understanding of the proline-glutamate (PE) and proline-proline-glutamate (PPE) families, which compromise 10% of the coding regions in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) genome, has uncovered unique roles in host-pathogen interactions. However, the immunological function of PE27 (Rv2769c), the largest PE member, remains unclear. Here, we explored the functional roles and related signaling mechanisms of PE27 in the interaction with dendritic cells (DCs) to shape the T cell response. PE27 phenotypically and functionally induces DC maturation by up-regulating CD80, CD86, MHC class I and MHC class II expression on the DC surface to promote the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12p70 but not IL-10. Additionally, we found that PE27-mediated DC activation requires the participation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Interestingly, PE27-treated DCs directed naïve CD4(+) T cells to secrete IFN-γ and activate T-bet but not GATA-3. PE27 also induced IFN-γ-producing memory T cell responses in Mtb-infected mice, indicating that PE27 contributes to Th1-polarization. Taken together, these findings suggest that PE27 possesses Th1-polarizing potential through DC maturation and could be useful in the design of TB vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Seung Bin Cha
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - So Jeong Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Seung Jung Han
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Soo Young Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, South Korea.
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Kim JS, Kim WS, Choi HH, Kim HM, Kwon KW, Han SJ, Cha SB, Cho SN, Koh WJ, Shin SJ. Mycobacterium tuberculosis MmsA, a novel immunostimulatory antigen, induces dendritic cell activation and promotes Th1 cell-type immune responses. Cell Immunol 2015; 298:115-25. [PMID: 26507911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, is an outstanding pathogen that modulates the host immune response. This inconvenient truth drives the continual identification of antigens that generate protective immunity, including Th1-type T cell immunity. Here, the contribution of methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (MmsA, Rv0753c) of Mtb to immune responses was examined in the context of dendritic cell (DC) activation and T cell immunity both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that MmsA induced DC activation by activating the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Additionally, MmsA-treated DCs activated naïve T cells, effectively polarized CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to secrete IFN-γ and IL-2, and induced T cell proliferation. These results indicate that MmsA is a novel DC maturation-inducing antigen that drives the Th1 immune response. Thus, MmsA was found to potentially regulate immune responses via DC activation toward Th1-type T cell immunity, enhancing our understanding of Mtb pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Seok Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hong Min Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Jung Han
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Bin Cha
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Nae Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Jung Koh
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 135-710, South Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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43
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Taniguchi K, Miyatake Y, Hayashi D, Takami A, Itoh S, Yamamoto S, Hida S, Onozaki K, Takii T. Early-shared Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin sub-strains induce Th1 cytokine production in vivo. Microbiol Immunol 2015; 59:684-9. [PMID: 26399380 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-12 is one of the cytokines that induce acquired immunity by progressing the differentiation of T cells. When antigens are presented by APCs, including macrophages and DCs, T cells are activated and produce the Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ. We have previously reported greater IL-12 production from macrophages infected with early-shared BCG sub-strains (ex. BCG-Japan, -Sweden) than from those infected with late-shared BCG (ex. BCG-Pasteur and -Connaught) . In this study, we investigated the Th1 cytokine-inducing activity of splenocytes co-cultured with BCG-infected DCs. Early-shared BCG-infected DCs produced IL-12 and TNF-α⋅ Furthermore, when they were co-cultured with purified protein derivative-stimulated DCs, the splenocytes of mice immunized with BCG-Tokyo/Japan produced more Th1 cytokine than did those of mice immunized with BCG-Connaught. In conclusion, early-shared BCG sub-strains more strongly induce Th1 cytokine production in vivo. This study provides basic information to inform the selection of candidates for primary vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603
| | - Yuuji Miyatake
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603
| | - Daisuke Hayashi
- Japan BCG Laboratory, 3-1-5 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-0022, Japan
| | - Atsuro Takami
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603
| | - Saotomo Itoh
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603
| | - Saburo Yamamoto
- Japan BCG Laboratory, 3-1-5 Matsuyama, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-0022, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Hida
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603
| | - Kikuo Onozaki
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603
| | - Takemasa Takii
- Department of Molecular Health Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603
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44
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Yu CH, Micaroni M, Puyskens A, Schultz TE, Yeo JC, Stanley AC, Lucas M, Kurihara J, Dobos KM, Stow JL, Blumenthal A. RP105 Engages Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase p110δ To Facilitate the Trafficking and Secretion of Cytokines in Macrophages during Mycobacterial Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3890-900. [PMID: 26371254 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are key regulators of adequate immune responses to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We demonstrate that the p110δ catalytic subunit of PI3K acts as a downstream effector of the TLR family member RP105 (CD180) in promoting mycobacteria-induced cytokine production by macrophages. Our data show that the significantly reduced release of TNF and IL-6 by RP105(-/-) macrophages during mycobacterial infection was not accompanied by diminished mRNA or protein expression. Mycobacteria induced comparable activation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling in wild-type (WT) and RP105(-/-) macrophages. In contrast, mycobacteria-induced phosphorylation of Akt was abrogated in RP105(-/-) macrophages. The p110δ-specific inhibitor, Cal-101, and small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of p110δ diminished mycobacteria-induced TNF secretion by WT but not RP105(-/-) macrophages. Such interference with p110δ activity led to reduced surface-expressed TNF in WT but not RP105(-/-) macrophages, while leaving TNF mRNA and protein expression unaffected. Activity of Bruton's tyrosine kinase was required for RP105-mediated activation of Akt phosphorylation and TNF release by mycobacteria-infected macrophages. These data unveil a novel innate immune signaling axis that orchestrates key cytokine responses of macrophages and provide molecular insight into the functions of RP105 as an innate immune receptor for mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiung Yu
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Massimo Micaroni
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andreas Puyskens
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Thomas E Schultz
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Jeremy Changyu Yeo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Amanda C Stanley
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Megan Lucas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523; and
| | - Jade Kurihara
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523; and
| | - Karen M Dobos
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523; and
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Antje Blumenthal
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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45
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Paik SYR, Kim JS, Shin SJ, Ko S. Characterization, Quantification, and Determination of the Toxicity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to the Bone Marrow Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22243-57. [PMID: 26389886 PMCID: PMC4613306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been used to develop iron supplements for improving the bioavailability of iron in patients with iron deficiency, which is one of the most serious nutritional deficiencies in the world. Accurate information about the characteristics, concentration, and cytotoxicity of IONPs to the developmental and reproductive cells enables safe use of IONPs in the supplement industry. The objective of this study was to analyze the physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity of IONPs in bone marrow cells. We prepared three different types of iron samples (surface-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (SMNPs), IONPs, and iron citrate) and analyzed their physicochemical properties such as particle size distribution, zeta potential, and morphology. In addition, we examined the cytotoxicity of the IONPs in various kinds of bone marrow cells. We analyzed particle size distribution, zeta potential, iron levels, and subcellular localization of the iron samples in bone marrow cells. Our results showed that the iron samples were not cytotoxic to the bone marrow cells and did not affect the expression of cell surface markers and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced the secretion of cytokines by murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Our results may be used to investigate the interactions between nanoparticles and cells and tissues and the developmental toxicity of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Yeol-Rim Paik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea.
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-752, Korea.
| | - Sanghoon Ko
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-747, Korea.
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46
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Kell D, Potgieter M, Pretorius E. Individuality, phenotypic differentiation, dormancy and 'persistence' in culturable bacterial systems: commonalities shared by environmental, laboratory, and clinical microbiology. F1000Res 2015; 4:179. [PMID: 26629334 PMCID: PMC4642849 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6709.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For bacteria, replication mainly involves growth by binary fission. However, in a very great many natural environments there are examples of phenotypically dormant, non-growing cells that do not replicate immediately and that are phenotypically 'nonculturable' on media that normally admit their growth. They thereby evade detection by conventional culture-based methods. Such dormant cells may also be observed in laboratory cultures and in clinical microbiology. They are usually more tolerant to stresses such as antibiotics, and in clinical microbiology they are typically referred to as 'persisters'. Bacterial cultures necessarily share a great deal of relatedness, and inclusive fitness theory implies that there are conceptual evolutionary advantages in trading a variation in growth rate against its mean, equivalent to hedging one's bets. There is much evidence that bacteria exploit this strategy widely. We here bring together data that show the commonality of these phenomena across environmental, laboratory and clinical microbiology. Considerable evidence, using methods similar to those common in environmental microbiology, now suggests that many supposedly non-communicable, chronic and inflammatory diseases are exacerbated (if not indeed largely caused) by the presence of dormant or persistent bacteria (the ability of whose components to cause inflammation is well known). This dormancy (and resuscitation therefrom) often reflects the extent of the availability of free iron. Together, these phenomena can provide a ready explanation for the continuing inflammation common to such chronic diseases and its correlation with iron dysregulation. This implies that measures designed to assess and to inhibit or remove such organisms (or their access to iron) might be of much therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Marnie Potgieter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
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47
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Cooperatively Modulate Macrophage Apoptosis via Toll Like Receptor 2 and Calcium Homeostasis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131767. [PMID: 26132135 PMCID: PMC4489497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) together with reports of co-infections with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has renewed interest to better understand the intricate mechanisms prevalent during co-infections. In this study we report a synergistic effect of M. tuberculosis and HIV-1, and their antigens Rv3416 and Nef, respectively, in inhibiting apoptosis of macrophages. This inhibition involves the TLR2 pathway and second messengers that play complementing and contrasting roles in regulating apoptosis. Interestingly, the route of calcium influx into cells differentially regulates apoptosis during antigenic co-stimulation. While calcium released from intracellular stores was anti-apoptotic, calcium influx from the external milieu was pro-apoptotic. Further, molecular sensors of intracellular calcium release aid in antigen mediated inhibition of apoptosis. A cross-regulation between oxidative burst and differential routing of calcium influx governed apoptosis. Interestingly, the HIV-1 Nef supported anti-apoptotic responses in macrophages whereas Vpu had no significant effect. These results point to a synergistic liaison between M. tuberculosis and HIV-1 in regulating macrophage apoptosis.
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48
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Kell D, Potgieter M, Pretorius E. Individuality, phenotypic differentiation, dormancy and 'persistence' in culturable bacterial systems: commonalities shared by environmental, laboratory, and clinical microbiology. F1000Res 2015; 4:179. [PMID: 26629334 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.6709.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For bacteria, replication mainly involves growth by binary fission. However, in a very great many natural environments there are examples of phenotypically dormant, non-growing cells that do not replicate immediately and that are phenotypically 'nonculturable' on media that normally admit their growth. They thereby evade detection by conventional culture-based methods. Such dormant cells may also be observed in laboratory cultures and in clinical microbiology. They are usually more tolerant to stresses such as antibiotics, and in clinical microbiology they are typically referred to as 'persisters'. Bacterial cultures necessarily share a great deal of relatedness, and inclusive fitness theory implies that there are conceptual evolutionary advantages in trading a variation in growth rate against its mean, equivalent to hedging one's bets. There is much evidence that bacteria exploit this strategy widely. We here bring together data that show the commonality of these phenomena across environmental, laboratory and clinical microbiology. Considerable evidence, using methods similar to those common in environmental microbiology, now suggests that many supposedly non-communicable, chronic and inflammatory diseases are exacerbated (if not indeed largely caused) by the presence of dormant or persistent bacteria (the ability of whose components to cause inflammation is well known). This dormancy (and resuscitation therefrom) often reflects the extent of the availability of free iron. Together, these phenomena can provide a ready explanation for the continuing inflammation common to such chronic diseases and its correlation with iron dysregulation. This implies that measures designed to assess and to inhibit or remove such organisms (or their access to iron) might be of much therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Kell
- School of Chemistry and The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Lancashire, M1 7DN, UK
| | - Marnie Potgieter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, 0007, South Africa
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49
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Choi HG, Kim WS, Back YW, Kim H, Kwon KW, Kim JS, Shin SJ, Kim HJ. Mycobacterium tuberculosis RpfE promotes simultaneous Th1- and Th17-type T-cell immunity via TLR4-dependent maturation of dendritic cells. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1957-71. [PMID: 25907170 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal induction of the Th1 and Th17 immune responses is essential for optimal protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb); however, only a few Mtb antigens are known to fulfill this task. A functional role for resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf) E, a latency-associated member of the Rpf family, in promoting naïve CD4(+) T-cell differentiation toward both Th1 and Th17 cell fates through interaction with dendritic cells (DCs) was identified in this study. RpfE induces DC maturation by increasing expression of surface molecules and the production of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-23p19, IL-12p70, and TNF-α but not IL-10. This induction is mediated through TLR4 binding and subsequent activation of ERK, p38 MAPKs, and NF-κB signaling. RpfE-treated DCs effectively caused naïve CD4(+) T cells to secrete IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-17A, which resulted in reciprocal expansions of the Th1 and Th17 cell response along with activation of T-bet and RORγt but not GATA-3. Furthermore, lung and spleen cells from Mtb-infected WT mice but not from TLR4(-/-) mice exhibited Th1 and Th17 polarization upon RpfE stimulation. Taken together, our data suggest that RpfE has the potential to be an effective Mtb vaccine because of its ability to activate DCs that simultaneously induce both Th1- and Th17-polarized T-cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Gyu Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Infection Signaling Network Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Woo Back
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongmin Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee Woong Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Infection Signaling Network Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwa-Jung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Infection Signaling Network Research Center, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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50
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Permyakova NV, Zagorskaya AA, Belavin PA, Uvarova EA, Nosareva OV, Nesterov AE, Novikovskaya AA, Zav'yalov EL, Moshkin MP, Deineko EV. Transgenic carrot expressing fusion protein comprising M. tuberculosis antigens induces immune response in mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:417565. [PMID: 25949997 PMCID: PMC4407408 DOI: 10.1155/2015/417565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains one of the major infectious diseases, which continues to pose a major global health problem. Transgenic plants may serve as bioreactors to produce heterologous proteins including antibodies, antigens, and hormones. In the present study, a genetic construct has been designed that comprises the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes cfp10, esat6 and dIFN gene, which encode deltaferon, a recombinant analog of the human γ-interferon designed for expression in plant tissues. This construct was transferred to the carrot (Daucus carota L.) genome by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. This study demonstrates that the fusion protein CFP10-ESAT6-dIFN is synthesized in the transgenic carrot storage roots. The protein is able to induce both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in laboratory animals (mice) when administered either orally or by injection. It should be emphasized that M. tuberculosis antigens contained in the fusion protein have no cytotoxic effect on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Permyakova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Alla A. Zagorskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel A. Belavin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena A. Uvarova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olesya V. Nosareva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk 630559, Russia
| | - Andrey E. Nesterov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology Vector, Koltsovo, Novosibirsk 630559, Russia
| | - Anna A. Novikovskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Evgeniy L. Zav'yalov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail P. Moshkin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena V. Deineko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Lavrentieva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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