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Moodley M, Moodley J, Naicker T. Placental neutrophil reverse trans-migration and maternal serum neutrophil extracellular trap expression in HIV infection co-morbid pre-eclampsia in women of African ancestry. Histochem Cell Biol 2024:10.1007/s00418-024-02298-6. [PMID: 38913117 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-024-02298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and placental neutrophil reverse transmigration (r-TM) are implicated in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia (PE). However, the role of the comorbidity of PE and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in placental neutrophil r-TM and serum NETs remains unknown. Human placental tissue (n = 160) and serum (n = 80) samples were obtained post-ethical approval and divided by pregnancy type and HIV status and across the study population. Immunohistochemistry and morphometry were performed to localize and quantify junctional adhesion molecule-C (JAM-C) expression as an inverse marker of neutrophil r-TM within placental villi. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to quantify the concentration of citrullinated histone H3 (cit-H3) as a marker of NETs. GraphPad Prism (version 8.0.2) was used to compare the results, and a p value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The localization of JAM-C was observed on the syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) and endothelial cells of placental villi. The immunoexpression of JAM-C was elevated in PE vs. normotensive (N) placentae. In the exchange villi, JAM-C immunoexpression was higher in the N+ve vs. N-ve group. However, in PE comorbid HIV infection, JAM-C expression was lower in the PE+ve vs. PE-ve group. Citrullinated histone-H3 concentration was lower in the N+ve vs. N-ve group but elevated in early-onset PE (EOPE)+ve vs. late-onset PE (LOPE)+ve group. These results indicate that PE and HIV-infected placentae individually express elevated JAM-C, manifesting in less neutrophil r-TM. However, in exchange villi of PE comorbid with HIV infection reduced JAM-C enhances neutrophil r-TM, thus supporting the synergistic effect of PE comorbid with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merantha Moodley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Women's Health and HIV Research Group, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
- Optics & Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Clinical Medicine, Women's Health and HIV Research Group, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics & Imaging Centre, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4041, South Africa.
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2
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de Sena-Tomás C, Rebola Lameira L, Rebocho da Costa M, Naique Taborda P, Laborde A, Orger M, de Oliveira S, Saúde L. Neutrophil immune profile guides spinal cord regeneration in zebrafish. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:514-531. [PMID: 38925414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury triggers a strong innate inflammatory response in both non-regenerative mammals and regenerative zebrafish. Neutrophils are the first immune population to be recruited to the injury site. Yet, their role in the repair process, particularly in a regenerative context, remains largely unknown. Here, we show that, following rapid recruitment to the injured spinal cord, neutrophils mostly reverse migrate throughout the zebrafish body. In addition, promoting neutrophil inflammation resolution by inhibiting Cxcr4 boosts cellular and functional regeneration. Neutrophil-specific RNA-seq analysis reveals an enhanced activation state that correlates with a transient increase in tnf-α expression in macrophage/microglia populations. Conversely, blocking neutrophil recruitment through Cxcr1/2 inhibition diminishes the presence of macrophage/microglia at the injury site and impairs spinal cord regeneration. Altogether, these findings provide new insights into the role of neutrophils in spinal cord regeneration, emphasizing the significant impact of their immune profile on the outcome of the repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen de Sena-Tomás
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Leonor Rebola Lameira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Rebocho da Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Naique Taborda
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Laborde
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Michael Orger
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia de Oliveira
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine (Hepatology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Harold and Muriel Block Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Montefiore-Einstein Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Leonor Saúde
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Histologia e Biologia de Desenvolvimento, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.
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3
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Ji J, Zhong H, Li Y, Billiar TR, Wilson MA, Scott MJ, Fan J. IRG1/ACOD1 Promotes Neutrophil Reverse Migration and Alleviates Local Inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2024:qiae110. [PMID: 38713770 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration at inflammatory site plays a critical role in inflammation. PMN reverse migration (rM) describes the phenomenon that PMNs migrate away from inflammatory site back into the vasculature, and its role within inflammatory scenarios remains to be fully determined. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying PMN rM and its role in inflammation. First, we demonstrated PMN rM in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung inflammation. By single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we demonstrated that reverse migrated (rM-ed) PMNs in blood expressed high level of immuneresponsive gene 1 (Irg1), the encoding gene of cis-aconitate decarboxylase (ACOD1). Using a mouse air pouch model, which enables us to directly track rM-ed PMNs in vivo, we detected higher expression of ACOD1 in the rM-ed PMNs in circulation. Furthermore, mice with Irg1 knockout exhibited decreased PMN rM and higher levels of inflammatory cytokine in inflammatory site. Mechanistically, we found that itaconate, the product of ACOD1 catalyzation, decreased PMN ICAM-1 expression at the inflammation site. Furthermore, inflammatory site showed a high level of shed CD11a, the ligand of ICAM-1. Neutralization of either ICAM-1 or CD11a leading to increased PMN rM. These findings suggest that the binding of ICAM-1 and shed CD11a serves as a retaining force to hold PMNs in the site of inflammation, and ACOD1-decreased PMN surface expression of ICAM-1 weakens the retaining force, so promoting PMNs to leave the inflammatory site. These results indicate a regulatory role of IRG1 in PMN rM and subsequent contributions to inflammation resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Hanhui Zhong
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Mark A Wilson
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
- Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
| | - Melanie J Scott
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
- Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15240, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh 15213, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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4
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Speirs ZC, Loynes CA, Mathiessen H, Elks PM, Renshaw SA, Jørgensen LVG. What can we learn about fish neutrophil and macrophage response to immune challenge from studies in zebrafish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109490. [PMID: 38471626 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Fish rely, to a high degree, on the innate immune system to protect them against the constant exposure to potential pathogenic invasion from the surrounding water during homeostasis and injury. Zebrafish larvae have emerged as an outstanding model organism for immunity. The cellular component of zebrafish innate immunity is similar to the mammalian innate immune system and has a high degree of sophistication due to the needs of living in an aquatic environment from early embryonic stages of life. Innate immune cells (leukocytes), including neutrophils and macrophages, have major roles in protecting zebrafish against pathogens, as well as being essential for proper wound healing and regeneration. Zebrafish larvae are visually transparent, with unprecedented in vivo microscopy opportunities that, in combination with transgenic immune reporter lines, have permitted visualisation of the functions of these cells when zebrafish are exposed to bacterial, viral and parasitic infections, as well as during injury and healing. Recent findings indicate that leukocytes are even more complex than previously anticipated and are essential for inflammation, infection control, and subsequent wound healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë C Speirs
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Catherine A Loynes
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Heidi Mathiessen
- Laboratory of Experimental Fish Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C., Denmark
| | - Philip M Elks
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Stephen A Renshaw
- The Bateson Centre, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Louise von Gersdorff Jørgensen
- Laboratory of Experimental Fish Models, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C., Denmark.
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5
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Darroch H, Keerthisinghe P, Sung YJ, Rolland L, Prankerd-Gough A, Crosier PS, Astin JW, Hall CJ. Infection-experienced HSPCs protect against infections by generating neutrophils with enhanced mitochondrial bactericidal activity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9904. [PMID: 37672586 PMCID: PMC10482338 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) respond to infection by proliferating and generating in-demand neutrophils through a process called emergency granulopoiesis (EG). Recently, infection-induced changes in HSPCs have also been shown to underpin the longevity of trained immunity, where they generate innate immune cells with enhanced responses to subsequent microbial threats. Using larval zebrafish to live image neutrophils and HSPCs, we show that infection-experienced HSPCs generate neutrophils with enhanced bactericidal functions. Transcriptomic analysis of EG neutrophils uncovered a previously unknown function for mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in elevating neutrophil bactericidal activity. We also reveal that driving expression of zebrafish C/EBPβ within infection-naïve HSPCs is sufficient to generate neutrophils with similarly enhanced bactericidal capacity. Our work suggests that this demand-adapted source of neutrophils contributes to trained immunity by providing enhanced protection toward subsequent infections. Manipulating demand-driven granulopoiesis may provide a therapeutic strategy to boost neutrophil function and treat infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Darroch
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pramuk Keerthisinghe
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yih Jian Sung
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leah Rolland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anneke Prankerd-Gough
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Jonathan W. Astin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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6
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García-López JP, Grimaldi A, Chen Z, Meneses C, Bravo-Tello K, Bresciani E, Banderas A, Burgess SM, Hernández PP, Feijoo CG. Ontogenetically distinct neutrophils differ in function and transcriptional profile in zebrafish. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4942. [PMID: 37582932 PMCID: PMC10427629 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40662-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The current view of hematopoiesis considers leukocytes on a continuum with distinct developmental origins, and which exert non-overlapping functions. However, there is less known about the function and phenotype of ontogenetically distinct neutrophil populations. In this work, using a photoconvertible transgenic zebrafish line; Tg(mpx:Dendra2), we selectively label rostral blood island-derived and caudal hematopoietic tissue-derived neutrophils in vivo during steady state or upon injury. By comparing the migratory properties and single-cell expression profiles of both neutrophil populations at steady state we show that rostral neutrophils show higher csf3b expression and migration capacity than caudal neutrophils. Upon injury, both populations share a core transcriptional profile as well as subset-specific transcriptional signatures. Accordingly, both rostral and caudal neutrophils are recruited to the wound independently of their distance to the injury. While rostral neutrophils respond uniformly, caudal neutrophils respond heterogeneously. Collectively, our results reveal that co-existing neutrophils populations with ontogenically distinct origin display functional differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P García-López
- Fish Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Science, Andres Bello University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexandre Grimaldi
- Stem Cells & Development Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75015, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3738, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Zelin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Millennium Nucleus Development of Super Adaptable Plants (MN-SAP), Santiago, 8331150, Chile
- Millennium Institute Center for Genome Regulation (CRG), Santiago, 8331150, Chile
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8331150, Chile
| | - Karina Bravo-Tello
- Fish Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Science, Andres Bello University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Erica Bresciani
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alvaro Banderas
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Laboratoire Physico Chimie Curie, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Pedro P Hernández
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934/CNRS UMR3215, Development and Homeostasis of Mucosal Tissues Lab, Paris, France.
| | - Carmen G Feijoo
- Fish Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Science, Andres Bello University, Santiago, Chile.
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7
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Syahirah R, Beckman J, Malik H, Hsu AY, Deng Q. Method for Visualization of Emergency Granulopoiesis in the Zebrafish Embryo. Zebrafish 2023; 20:175-179. [PMID: 37306974 PMCID: PMC10495196 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2023.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergency granulopoiesis (EG) is a response to severe inflammation in which increased neutrophils are generated in the hematopoietic tissue. Photolabeling is utilized to distinguish newly developed neutrophils from existing neutrophils. However, this technique requires a strong laser line and labels subsets of the existing neutrophils. Here we create a transgenic zebrafish line that expresses a time-dependent switch from green fluorescent protein (GFP) to red fluorescent protein (RFP) in neutrophils, which allows quantification of EG using simple GFP/RFP ratiometric imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramizah Syahirah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Jennifer Beckman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Hanna Malik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Alan Y. Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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8
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Tearle JL, Arjunan SN, Tay SS, Colakoglu F, Cremasco J, Golo M, Biro M. Targeted Single-cell Isolation of Spontaneously Escaping Live Melanoma Cells for Comparative Transcriptomics. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1524-1537. [PMID: 37575281 PMCID: PMC10416804 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid cancer cells escape the primary tumor mass by transitioning from an epithelial-like state to an invasive migratory state. As they escape, metastatic cancer cells employ interchangeable modes of invasion, transitioning between fibroblast-like mesenchymal movement to amoeboid migration, where cells display a rounded morphology and navigate the extracellular matrix in a protease-independent manner. However, the gene transcripts that orchestrate the switch between epithelial, mesenchymal, and amoeboid states remain incompletely mapped, mainly due to a lack of methodologies that allow the direct comparison of the transcriptomes of spontaneously invasive cancer cells in distinct migratory states. Here, we report a novel single-cell isolation technique that provides detailed three-dimensional data on melanoma growth and invasion, and enables the isolation of live, spontaneously invasive cancer cells with distinct morphologies and invasion parameters. Via the expression of a photoconvertible fluorescent protein, compact epithelial-like cells at the periphery of a melanoma mass, elongated cells in the process of leaving the mass, and rounded amoeboid cells invading away from the mass were tagged, isolated, and subjected to single-cell RNA sequencing. A total of 462 differentially expressed genes were identified, from which two candidate proteins were selected for further pharmacologic perturbation, yielding striking effects on tumor escape and invasion, in line with the predictions from the transcriptomics data. This work describes a novel, adaptable, and readily implementable method for the analysis of the earliest phases of tumor escape and metastasis, and its application to the identification of genes underpinning the invasiveness of malignant melanoma. Significance This work describes a readily implementable method that allows for the isolation of individual live tumor cells of interest for downstream analyses, and provides the single-cell transcriptomes of melanoma cells at distinct invasive states, both of which open avenues for in-depth investigations into the transcriptional regulation of the earliest phases of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L.E. Tearle
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Present address: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Satya N.V. Arjunan
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Present address: Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Szun S. Tay
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Feyza Colakoglu
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - James Cremasco
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Present address: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matteo Golo
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maté Biro
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Science node, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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9
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Saravanan P, R P, Balachander N, K KRS, S S, S R. Anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of lactic acid bacteria and its peptides. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2023; 68:337-353. [PMID: 36780113 PMCID: PMC9924211 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-01030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies manifest an increase of inflammatory diseases at an alarming rate due to gut microbiota dysbiosis, genetic and other environmental factors. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known for their antimicrobial properties and their extensive applications in food and pharmaceutical industries. Cyclic peptides are receiving increased attention due to their remarkable stability to withstand variations in temperature and pH. LAB produces anti-inflammatory that can inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced production of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. The structural backbones of cyclic peptides offer a promising approach for the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions. The current review aims to present the overview of anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties of LAB-derived cyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parikhshith Saravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Pooja R
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Nanditaa Balachander
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Kesav Ram Singh K
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Silpa S
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Rupachandra S
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India.
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10
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Synergistic In Vitro Anticancer Toxicity of Pulsed Electric Fields and Glutathione. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314772. [PMID: 36499100 PMCID: PMC9739270 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous advancement in skin cancer therapy, the disease is still fatal in many patients, demonstrating the need to improve existing therapies, such as electrochemotherapy (ECT). ECT can be applied in the palliative or curative setting and is based on the application of pulsed electric fields (PEF), which by themselves exerts none to low cancer toxicity but become potently toxic when combined with low-dosed chemotherapeutics such as bleomycin and cisplatin. Albeit their favorable side-effect profiles, not all patients respond to standard ECT, and some responders experience tumor recurrence. To identify potential adjuvant or alternative agents to standard electrochemotherapy, we explored the possibility of combining PEF with a physiological compound, glutathione (GSH), to amplify anticancer toxicity. GSH is an endogenous antioxidant and is available as a dietary supplement. Surprisingly, neither GSH nor PEF mono treatment but GSH + PEF combination treatment exerted strong cytotoxic effects and declined metabolic activity in four skin cancer cell lines in vitro. The potential applicability to other tumor cells was verified by corroborating results in two leukemia cell lines. Strikingly, GSH + PEF treatment did not immediately increase intracellular GSH levels, while levels 24 h following treatment were enhanced. Similar tendencies were made for intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, while extracellular ROS increased following combination treatment. ROS levels and the degree of cytotoxicity could be partially reversed by pre-incubating cells with the NADPH-oxidase (NOX) inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and the H2O2-degrading enzyme catalase. Collectively, our findings suggest a promising new "endogenous" drug to be combined with PEF for future anticancer research approaches.
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11
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Xu Q, Zhao W, Yan M, Mei H. Neutrophil reverse migration. J Inflamm (Lond) 2022; 19:22. [PMID: 36424665 PMCID: PMC9686117 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-022-00320-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The behavior of neutrophils is very important for the resolution of inflammation and tissue repair. People have used advanced imaging techniques to observe the phenomenon of neutrophils leaving the injured or inflammatory site and migrating back into blood vessels in transgenic zebrafish and mice, which is called neutrophil reverse migration. Numerous studies have shown that neutrophil reverse migration is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, neutrophil reverse migration can promote the resolution of local inflammation by accelerating the clearance of neutrophils from local wounds. On the other hand, neutrophils re-enter the circulatory system may lead to the spread of systemic inflammation. Therefore, accurate regulation of neutrophil reverse migration is of great significance for the treatment of various neutrophil- mediated diseases. However, the mechanism of neutrophil reverse migration and its relationship with inflammation resolution is unknown. In this review, we reviewed the relevant knowledge of neutrophil reverse migration to elucidate the potential mechanisms and factors influencing reverse migration and its impact on inflammation in different disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Xu
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China 325027 ,grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenqi Zhao
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China 325027 ,grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingyang Yan
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China 325027 ,grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongxia Mei
- grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 109 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China 325027 ,grid.417384.d0000 0004 1764 2632Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Sebo DJ, Fetsko AR, Phipps KK, Taylor MR. Functional identification of the zebrafish Interleukin-1 receptor in an embryonic model of Il-1β-induced systemic inflammation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1039161. [PMID: 36389773 PMCID: PMC9643328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1039161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that plays a vital role in the innate immune system. To observe the innate immune response in vivo, several transgenic zebrafish lines have been developed to model IL-1β-induced inflammation and to visualize immune cell migration and proliferation in real time. However, our understanding of the IL-1β response in zebrafish is limited due to an incomplete genome annotation and a lack of functional data for the cytokine receptors involved in the inflammatory process. Here, we use a combination of database mining, genetic analyses, and functional assays to identify zebrafish Interleukin-1 receptor, type 1 (Il1r1). We identified putative zebrafish il1r1 candidate genes that encode proteins with predicted structures similar to human IL1R1. To examine functionality of these candidates, we designed highly effective morpholinos to disrupt gene expression in a zebrafish model of embryonic Il-1β-induced systemic inflammation. In this double transgenic model, ubb:Gal4-EcR, uas:il1βmat , the zebrafish ubiquitin b (ubb) promoter drives expression of the modified Gal4 transcription factor fused to the ecdysone receptor (EcR), which in turn drives the tightly-regulated expression and secretion of mature Il-1β only in the presence of the ecdysone analog tebufenozide (Teb). Application of Teb to ubb:Gal4-EcR, uas:il1βmat embryos causes premature death, fin degradation, substantial neutrophil expansion, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To rescue these deleterious phenotypes, we injected ubb:Gal4-EcR, uas:il1βmat embryos with putative il1r1 morpholinos and found that knockdown of only one candidate gene prevented the adverse effects caused by Il-1β. Mosaic knockout of il1r1 using the CRISPR/Cas9 system phenocopied these results. Taken together, our study identifies the functional zebrafish Il1r1 utilizing a genetic model of Il-1β-induced inflammation and provides valuable new insights to study inflammatory conditions specifically driven by Il-1β or related to Il1r1 function in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Sebo
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Audrey R. Fetsko
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kallie K. Phipps
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael R. Taylor
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Program, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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13
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Georgantzoglou A, Poplimont H, Walker HA, Lämmermann T, Sarris M. A two-step search and run response to gradients shapes leukocyte navigation in vivo. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213303. [PMID: 35731205 PMCID: PMC9225946 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrating cells must interpret chemical gradients to guide themselves within tissues. A long-held principle is that gradients guide cells via reorientation of leading-edge protrusions. However, recent evidence indicates that protrusions can be dispensable for locomotion in some contexts, raising questions about how cells interpret endogenous gradients in vivo and whether other mechanisms are involved. Using laser wound assays in zebrafish to elicit acute endogenous gradients and quantitative analyses, we demonstrate a two-stage process for leukocyte chemotaxis in vivo: first a “search” phase, with stimulation of actin networks at the leading edge, cell deceleration, and turning. This is followed by a “run” phase, with fast actin flows, cell acceleration, and persistence. When actin dynamics are perturbed, cells fail to resolve the gradient, suggesting that pure spatial sensing of the gradient is insufficient for navigation. Our data suggest that cell contractility and actin flows provide memory for temporal sensing, while expansion of the leading edge serves to enhance gradient sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Georgantzoglou
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hugo Poplimont
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hazel A Walker
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim Lämmermann
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Milka Sarris
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Site, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Myllymäki H, Yu PP, Feng Y. Opportunities presented by zebrafish larval models to study neutrophil function in tissues. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 148:106234. [PMID: 35667555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate neutrophil function is essential for innate immune defence and to avoid inflammatory pathology. Neutrophils can adapt their responses according to their environment and recently, the existence of multiple distinct neutrophil populations has been confirmed in both health and disease. However, the study of neutrophil functions in their tissue environment has remained challenging, and for instance, the relationship between neutrophil maturity and function is not fully understood. Many neutrophil morphological and functional features are highly conserved between mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates. This enables the use of the transparent and genetically tractable zebrafish larvae to study neutrophil biology. We review data on the development and function of zebrafish larval neutrophils and advances zebrafish have brought to studies of neutrophil biology. In addition, we discuss opportunities and aspects to be considered when using the larval zebrafish model to further enhance our understanding of neutrophil function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Myllymäki
- UoE Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peiyi Pearl Yu
- UoE Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Feng
- UoE Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, United Kingdom.
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15
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Palominos MF, Calfún C, Nardocci G, Candia D, Torres-Paz J, Whitlock KE. The Olfactory Organ Is a Unique Site for Neutrophils in the Brain. Front Immunol 2022; 13:881702. [PMID: 35693773 PMCID: PMC9186071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In the vertebrate olfactory tract new neurons are continuously produced throughout life. It is widely believed that neurogenesis contributes to learning and memory and can be regulated by immune signaling molecules. Proteins originally identified in the immune system have subsequently been localized to the developing and adult nervous system. Previously, we have shown that olfactory imprinting, a specific type of long-term memory, is correlated with a transcriptional response in the olfactory organs that include up-regulation of genes associated with the immune system. To better understand the immune architecture of the olfactory organs we made use of cell-specific fluorescent reporter lines in dissected, intact adult brains of zebrafish to examine the association of the olfactory sensory neurons with neutrophils and blood-lymphatic vasculature. Surprisingly, the olfactory organs contained the only neutrophil populations observed in the brain; these neutrophils were localized in the neural epithelia and were associated with the extensive blood vasculature of the olfactory organs. Damage to the olfactory epithelia resulted in a rapid increase of neutrophils both within the olfactory organs as well as the central nervous system. Analysis of cell division during and after damage showed an increase in BrdU labeling in the neural epithelia and a subset of the neutrophils. Our results reveal a unique population of neutrophils in the olfactory organs that are associated with both the olfactory epithelia and the lymphatic vasculature suggesting a dual olfactory-immune function for this unique sensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fernanda Palominos
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Cristian Calfún
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Gino Nardocci
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.,IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danissa Candia
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Jorge Torres-Paz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Kathleen E Whitlock
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso (CINV), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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16
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Stream A, Madigan CA. Zebrafish: an underutilized tool for discovery in host-microbe interactions. Trends Immunol 2022; 43:426-437. [PMID: 35527182 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Zebrafish are relatively new to the field of host-pathogen interactions, although they have been a valuable vertebrate model for decades in developmental biology and neuroscience. Transparent zebrafish larvae have most components of the human innate immune system, and adult zebrafish also produce cells of the adaptive immune system. Recent discoveries using zebrafish infection models include mechanisms of pathogen survival and host cell sensing of microbes. These discoveries were enabled by zebrafish technology, which is constantly evolving and providing new opportunities for immunobiology research. Recent tools include CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis, in vivo biotinylation, and genetically encoded biosensors. We argue that the zebrafish model - which remains underutilized in immunology - provides fertile ground for a new understanding of host-microbe interactions in a transparent host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Stream
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cressida A Madigan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego (UCSD), San Diego, CA, USA.
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17
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Loyer C, Lapostolle A, Urbina T, Elabbadi A, Lavillegrand JR, Chaigneau T, Simoes C, Dessajan J, Desnos C, Morin-Brureau M, Chantran Y, Aucouturier P, Guidet B, Voiriot G, Ait-Oufella H, Elbim C. Impairment of neutrophil functions and homeostasis in COVID-19 patients: association with disease severity. Crit Care 2022; 26:155. [PMID: 35637483 PMCID: PMC9149678 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A dysregulated immune response is emerging as a key feature of critical illness in COVID-19. Neutrophils are key components of early innate immunity that, if not tightly regulated, contribute to uncontrolled systemic inflammation. We sought to decipher the role of neutrophil phenotypes, functions, and homeostasis in COVID-19 disease severity and outcome. Methods By using flow cytometry, this longitudinal study compares peripheral whole-blood neutrophils from 90 COVID-19 ICU patients with those of 22 SARS-CoV-2-negative patients hospitalized for severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and 38 healthy controls. We also assessed correlations between these phenotypic and functional indicators and markers of endothelial damage as well as disease severity. Results At ICU admission, the circulating neutrophils of the COVID-19 patients showed continuous basal hyperactivation not seen in CAP patients, associated with higher circulating levels of soluble E- and P-selectin, which reflect platelet and endothelial activation. Furthermore, COVID-19 patients had expanded aged-angiogenic and reverse transmigrated neutrophil subsets—both involved in endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation. Simultaneously, COVID-19 patients had significantly lower levels of neutrophil oxidative burst in response to bacterial formyl peptide. Moreover patients dying of COVID-19 had significantly higher expansion of aged-angiogenic neutrophil subset and greater impairment of oxidative burst response than survivors. Conclusions These data suggest that neutrophil exhaustion may be involved in the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 and identify angiogenic neutrophils as a potentially harmful subset involved in fatal outcome. Graphic Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13054-022-04002-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Loyer
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Lapostolle
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Tomas Urbina
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Elabbadi
- Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Rémi Lavillegrand
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U970, Cardiovascular Research Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Chaigneau
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Coraly Simoes
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Julien Dessajan
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Cyrielle Desnos
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Morin-Brureau
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Yannick Chantran
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Aucouturier
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Département d'Immunologie Biologique, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Guidet
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Voiriot
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM U970, Cardiovascular Research Center, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Carole Elbim
- INSERM, UMRS 938, Hôpital St-Antoine, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, 75012, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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18
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Intranasal delivery of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is sufficient to cause olfactory damage, inflammation and olfactory dysfunction in zebrafish. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:341-359. [PMID: 35307504 PMCID: PMC8929544 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anosmia, loss of smell, is a prevalent symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Anosmia may be explained by several mechanisms driven by infection of non-neuronal cells and damage in the nasal epithelium rather than direct infection of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Previously, we showed that viral proteins are sufficient to cause neuroimmune responses in the teleost olfactory organ (OO). We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein is sufficient to cause olfactory damage and olfactory dysfunction. Using an adult zebrafish model, we report that intranasally delivered SARS-CoV-2 S RBD mostly binds to the non-sensory epithelium of the olfactory organ and causes severe olfactory histopathology characterized by loss of cilia, hemorrhages and edema. Electrophysiological recordings reveal impaired olfactory function to both food and bile odorants in animals treated intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 S RBD. However, no loss of behavioral preference for food was detected in SARS-CoV-2 S RBD treated fish. Single cell RNA-Seq of the adult zebrafish olfactory organ indicated widespread loss of olfactory receptor expression and inflammatory responses in sustentacular, endothelial, and myeloid cell clusters along with reduced numbers of Tregs. Combined, our results demonstrate that intranasal SARS-CoV-2 S RBD is sufficient to cause structural and functional damage to the zebrafish olfactory system. These findings may have implications for intranasally delivered vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
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19
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Dahdah A, Johnson J, Gopalkrishna S, Jaggers RM, Webb D, Murphy AJ, Hanssen NMJ, Hanaoka BY, Nagareddy PR. Neutrophil Migratory Patterns: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:795784. [PMID: 35309915 PMCID: PMC8924299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.795784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The body's inflammatory response involves a series of processes that are necessary for the immune system to mitigate threats from invading pathogens. Leukocyte migration is a crucial process in both homeostatic and inflammatory states. The mechanisms involved in immune cell recruitment to the site of inflammation are numerous and require several cascades and cues of activation. Immune cells have multiple origins and can be recruited from primary and secondary lymphoid, as well as reservoir organs within the body to generate an immune response to certain stimuli. However, no matter the origin, an important aspect of any inflammatory response is the web of networks that facilitates immune cell trafficking. The vasculature is an important organ for this trafficking, especially during an inflammatory response, mainly because it allows cells to migrate towards the source of insult/injury and serves as a reservoir for leukocytes and granulocytes under steady state conditions. One of the most active and vital leukocytes in the immune system's arsenal are neutrophils. Neutrophils exist under two forms in the vasculature: a marginated pool that is attached to the vessel walls, and a demarginated pool that freely circulates within the blood stream. In this review, we seek to present the current consensus on the mechanisms involved in leukocyte margination and demargination, with a focus on the role of neutrophil migration patterns during physio-pathological conditions, in particular diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Dahdah
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jillian Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sreejit Gopalkrishna
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert M. Jaggers
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Darren Webb
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andrew J. Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nordin M. J. Hanssen
- Amsterdam Diabetes Centrum, Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Y. Hanaoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Prabhakara R. Nagareddy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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20
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Robertson TF, Huttenlocher A. Real-time imaging of inflammation and its resolution: It's apparent because it's transparent. Immunol Rev 2022; 306:258-270. [PMID: 35023170 PMCID: PMC8855992 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability to directly observe leukocyte behavior in vivo has dramatically expanded our understanding of the immune system. Zebrafish are particularly amenable to the high-resolution imaging of leukocytes during both homeostasis and inflammation. Due to its natural transparency, intravital imaging in zebrafish does not require any surgical manipulation. As a result, zebrafish are particularly well-suited for the long-term imaging required to observe the temporal and spatial events during the onset and resolution of inflammation. Here, we review major insights about neutrophil and macrophage function gained from real-time imaging of zebrafish. We discuss neutrophil reverse migration, the process whereby neutrophils leave sites of tissue damage and resolve local inflammation. Further, we discuss the current tools available for investigating immune function in zebrafish and how future studies that simultaneously image multiple leukocyte subsets can be used to further dissect mechanisms that regulate both the onset and resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner F. Robertson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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21
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Kraus RF, Gruber MA. Neutrophils-From Bone Marrow to First-Line Defense of the Innate Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:767175. [PMID: 35003081 PMCID: PMC8732951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells; PMNs) form a first line of defense against pathogens and are therefore an important component of the innate immune response. As a result of poorly controlled activation, however, PMNs can also mediate tissue damage in numerous diseases, often by increasing tissue inflammation and injury. According to current knowledge, PMNs are not only part of the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases but also of conditions with disturbed tissue homeostasis such as trauma and shock. Scientific advances in the past two decades have changed the role of neutrophils from that of solely immune defense cells to cells that are responsible for the general integrity of the body, even in the absence of pathogens. To better understand PMN function in the human organism, our review outlines the role of PMNs within the innate immune system. This review provides an overview of the migration of PMNs from the vascular compartment to the target tissue as well as their chemotactic processes and illuminates crucial neutrophil immune properties at the site of the lesion. The review is focused on the formation of chemotactic gradients in interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the influence of the ECM on PMN function. In addition, our review summarizes current knowledge about the phenomenon of bidirectional and reverse PMN migration, neutrophil microtubules, and the microtubule organizing center in PMN migration. As a conclusive feature, we review and discuss new findings about neutrophil behavior in cancer environment and tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Felix Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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22
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Lanham KA, Nedden ML, Wise VE, Taylor MR. Genetically inducible and reversible zebrafish model of systemic inflammation. Biol Open 2022; 11:274172. [PMID: 35099005 PMCID: PMC8918989 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a vital defense mechanism against trauma and pathogen induced damage, but equally important is its appropriate resolution. In some instances of severe trauma or sustained infection, inappropriate and persistent activation of the immune response can occur resulting in a dangerous systemic inflammatory response. Untreated, this systemic inflammatory response can lead to tissue damage, organ shutdown, and death. Replicating this condition in tractable model organisms can provide insight into the mechanisms involved in the induction, maintenance, and resolution of inflammation. To that end, we developed a non-invasive, inducible, and reversible model of systemic inflammation in zebrafish. Using the Gal4-EcR/UAS system activated by the ecdysone analog tebufenozide, we generated transgenic zebrafish that allow for chemically-induced, ubiquitous secretion of the mature form of zebrafish interleukin-1β (Il-1βmat) in both larval and adult developmental stages. To ensure a robust immune response, we attached a strong signal peptide from the Gaussia princeps luciferase enzyme to promote active secretion of the cytokine. We observe a dose-dependent inflammatory response involving neutrophil expansion accompanied by tissue damage and reduced survival. Washout of tebufenozide permits inflammation resolution. We also establish the utility of this model for the identification of small molecule anti-inflammatory compounds by treatment with the immunosuppressant rapamycin. Taken together, these features make this model a valuable new tool that can aid in identifying potential new therapies while broadening our understanding of systemic inflammation, its impact on the immune system and its resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Lanham
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan L Nedden
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Virginia E Wise
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael R Taylor
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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23
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Babatunde KA, Ayuso JM, Kerr SC, Huttenlocher A, Beebe DJ. Microfluidic Systems to Study Neutrophil Forward and Reverse Migration. Front Immunol 2021; 12:781535. [PMID: 34899746 PMCID: PMC8653704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection, neutrophils are the most abundantly recruited innate immune cells at sites of infection, playing critical roles in the elimination of local infection and healing of the injury. Neutrophils are considered to be short-lived effector cells that undergo cell death at infection sites and in damaged tissues. However, recent in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that neutrophil behavior is more complex and that they can migrate away from the inflammatory site back into the vasculature following the resolution of inflammation. Microfluidic devices have contributed to an improved understanding of the interaction and behavior of neutrophils ex vivo in 2D and 3D microenvironments. The role of reverse migration and its contribution to the resolution of inflammation remains unclear. In this review, we will provide a summary of the current applications of microfluidic devices to investigate neutrophil behavior and interactions with other immune cells with a focus on forward and reverse migration in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose M Ayuso
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sheena C Kerr
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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24
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Miller EB, Karlen SJ, Ronning KE, Burns ME. Tracking distinct microglia subpopulations with photoconvertible Dendra2 in vivo. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:235. [PMID: 34654439 PMCID: PMC8520240 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02285-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability to track individual immune cells within the central nervous system has revolutionized our understanding of the roles that microglia and monocytes play in synaptic maintenance, plasticity, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, distinguishing between similar subpopulations of mobile immune cells over time during episodes of neuronal death and tissue remodeling has proven to be challenging. Methods We recombineered a photoconvertible fluorescent protein (Dendra2; D2) downstream of the Cx3cr1 promoter commonly used to drive expression of fluorescent markers in microglia and monocytes. Like the popular Cx3cr1–GFP line (Cx3cr1+/GFP), naïve microglia in Cx3cr1–Dendra2 mice (Cx3cr1+/D2) fluoresce green and can be noninvasively imaged in vivo throughout the CNS. In addition, individual D2-expressing cells can be photoconverted, resulting in red fluorescence, and tracked unambiguously within a field of green non-photoconverted cells for several days in vivo. Results Dendra2-expressing retinal microglia were noninvasively photoconverted in both ex vivo and in vivo conditions. Local in vivo D2 photoconversion was sufficiently robust to quantify cell subpopulations by flow cytometry, and the protein was stable enough to survive tissue processing for immunohistochemistry. Simultaneous in vivo fluorescence imaging of Dendra2 and light scattering measurements (Optical Coherence Tomography, OCT) were used to assess responses of individual microglial cells to localized neuronal damage and to identify the infiltration of monocytes from the vasculature in response to large scale neurodegeneration. Conclusions The ability to noninvasively and unambiguously track D2-expressing microglia and monocytes in vivo through space and time makes the Cx3cr1–Dendra2 mouse model a powerful new tool for disentangling the roles of distinct immune cell subpopulations in neuroinflammation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02285-x. New mouse for tracking microglia and all mononuclear phagocytes both ex and in vivo within the CNS over time. Dendra2 protein is stable enough to survive tissue processing for immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry quantification. Simultaneous fluorescence imaging of Dendra2 and light scattering measurements can be used to assess the immune response to retinal damage. Chronic in vivo imaging reveals mixed populations of microglia and monocytes during retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B Miller
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Sarah J Karlen
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kaitryn E Ronning
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA, 95618, USA
| | - Marie E Burns
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, 1544 Newton Court, Davis, CA, 95618, USA. .,Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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25
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Soliman AM, Yoon T, Wang J, Stafford JL, Barreda DR. Isolation of Skin Leukocytes Uncovers Phagocyte Inflammatory Responses During Induction and Resolution of Cutaneous Inflammation in Fish. Front Immunol 2021; 12:725063. [PMID: 34630399 PMCID: PMC8497900 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.725063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes offer a critical layer of protection to the host following skin infections. Delineating the kinetics of cutaneous leukocyte recruitment as well as their anti-microbial and regulatory profiles is challenging since it requires the isolation of adequate cell numbers and maintenance of their functional properties. Herein, we took advantage of a modified procedure to gain insights into the contributions of fish phagocytes through induction and resolution phases of acute cutaneous inflammation in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Our data shows early upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which was paired with neutrophil-dominant leukocyte migration of neutrophils from circulation to the injury site. Recruited neutrophils were associated with high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Following pathogen elimination, a reduction in ROS levels and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression preceded the resolution of inflammation. These results provide a better understanding of the cutaneous immune responses in fish. Moreover, the increased viability and functionality of isolated skin leukocytes opens the door to better understand a range of additional skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amro M Soliman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Taekwan Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - James L Stafford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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26
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Bader A, Gao J, Rivière T, Schmid B, Walzog B, Maier-Begandt D. Molecular Insights Into Neutrophil Biology From the Zebrafish Perspective: Lessons From CD18 Deficiency. Front Immunol 2021; 12:677994. [PMID: 34557186 PMCID: PMC8453019 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.677994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key players in innate immunity and originate from the bone marrow of the adult mammalian organism. In mammals, mature neutrophils are released from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood where they circulate until their recruitment to sites of inflammation in a multistep adhesion cascade. Here, adhesion molecules of the β2 integrin family (CD11/CD18) are critically required for the initial neutrophil adhesion to the inflamed endothelium and several post-adhesion steps allowing their extravasation into the inflamed tissue. Within the mammalian tissue, interstitial neutrophil migration can occur widely independent of β2 integrins. This is in sharp contrast to neutrophil recruitment in zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio) where neutrophils originate from the caudal hematopoietic tissue and mainly migrate interstitially to sites of lesion upon the early onset of inflammation. However, neutrophils extravasate from the circulation to the inflamed tissue in zebrafish larvae at later-time points. Although zebrafish larvae are a widely accepted model system to analyze neutrophil trafficking in vivo, the functional impact of β2 integrins for neutrophil trafficking during acute inflammation is completely unknown in this model. In this study, we generated zebrafish with a genetic deletion of CD18, the β subunit of β2 integrins, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Sequence alignments demonstrated a high similarity of the amino acid sequences between zebrafish and human CD18 especially in the functionally relevant I-like domain. In addition, the cytoplasmic domain of CD18 harbors two highly conserved NXXF motifs suggesting that zebrafish CD18 may share functional properties of human CD18. Accordingly, CD18 knock-out (KO) zebrafish larvae displayed the key symptoms of patients suffering from leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type I due to defects in ITGB2, the gene for CD18. Importantly, CD18 KO zebrafish larvae showed reduced neutrophil trafficking to sites of sterile inflammation despite the fact that an increased number of neutrophils was detectable in the circulation. By demonstrating the functional importance of CD18 for neutrophil trafficking in zebrafish larvae, our findings shed new light on neutrophil biology in vertebrates and introduce a new model organism for studying LAD type I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almke Bader
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jincheng Gao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thibaud Rivière
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Schmid
- Fish Core Unit, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Walzog
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Maier-Begandt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany.,Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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27
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Georgantzoglou A, Matthews J, Sarris M. Neutrophil motion in numbers: How to analyse complex migration patterns. Cells Dev 2021; 168:203734. [PMID: 34461315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In vivo imaging has revolutionised the study of leukocyte trafficking and revealed many insights on the dynamic behaviour of immune cells in their native environment. Neutrophil migration represents a prominent example whereby live imaging led to discovery of unanticipated cell migration patterns. These cells are the first to enter inflammatory sites and their recruitment had once been thought to be driven primarily by extrinsic signals and resolved by apoptosis in these lesions. However, in vivo imaging in zebrafish and mice indicated that neutrophils are also able to self-organise their migration to a large extent, through collective generation of gradients, in a process referred to as 'swarming', and that they can leave sites of inflammation, in a process referred to as 'reverse migration'. An important step in understanding these newly defined behaviours is the ability to detect and quantify them through statistical analysis. Here we provide a summary of considerations and recommendations for quantitative analysis of neutrophil swarming and reverse migration, with the purpose of introducing relevant analysis tools to new researchers in the field and establishing common frameworks and standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Georgantzoglou
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
| | - Joanna Matthews
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Milka Sarris
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
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28
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Jones K, Zhu J, Jenkinson CB, Kim DW, Pfeifer MA, Khang CH. Disruption of the Interfacial Membrane Leads to Magnaporthe oryzae Effector Re-location and Lifestyle Switch During Rice Blast Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681734. [PMID: 34222251 PMCID: PMC8248803 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To cause the devastating rice blast disease, the hemibiotrophic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae produces invasive hyphae (IH) that are enclosed in a plant-derived interfacial membrane, known as the extra-invasive hyphal membrane (EIHM), in living rice cells. Little is known about when the EIHM is disrupted and how the disruption contributes to blast disease. Here we show that the disruption of the EIHM correlates with the hyphal growth stage in first-invaded susceptible rice cells. Our approach utilized GFP that was secreted from IH as an EIHM integrity reporter. Secreted GFP (sec-GFP) accumulated in the EIHM compartment but appeared in the host cytoplasm when the integrity of the EIHM was compromised. Live-cell imaging coupled with sec-GFP and various fluorescent reporters revealed that the loss of EIHM integrity preceded shrinkage and eventual rupture of the rice vacuole. The vacuole rupture coincided with host cell death, which was limited to the invaded cell with presumed closure of plasmodesmata. We report that EIHM disruption and host cell death are landmarks that delineate three distinct infection phases (early biotrophic, late biotrophic, and transient necrotrophic phases) within the first-invaded cell before reestablishment of biotrophy in second-invaded cells. M. oryzae effectors exhibited infection phase-specific localizations, including entry of the apoplastic effector Bas4 into the host cytoplasm through the disrupted EIHM during the late biotrophic phase. Understanding how infection phase-specific cellular dynamics are regulated and linked to host susceptibility will offer potential targets that can be exploited to control blast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiersun Jones
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jie Zhu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Cory B Jenkinson
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Mariel A Pfeifer
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Chang Hyun Khang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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29
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Houseright RA, Miskolci V, Mulvaney O, Bortnov V, Mosher DF, Rindy J, Bennin DA, Huttenlocher A. Myeloid-derived growth factor regulates neutrophil motility in interstitial tissue damage. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212198. [PMID: 34047769 PMCID: PMC8167897 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment to tissue damage is essential for host defense but can also impede tissue repair. The cues that differentially regulate neutrophil responses to tissue damage and infection remain unclear. Here, we report that the paracrine factor myeloid-derived growth factor (MYDGF) is induced by tissue damage and regulates neutrophil motility to damaged, but not infected, tissues in zebrafish larvae. Depletion of MYDGF impairs wound healing, and this phenotype is rescued by depleting neutrophils. Live imaging and photoconversion reveal impaired neutrophil reverse migration and inflammation resolution in mydgf mutants. We found that persistent neutrophil inflammation in tissues of mydgf mutants was dependent on the HIF-1α pathway. Taken together, our data suggest that MYDGF is a damage signal that regulates neutrophil interstitial motility and inflammation through a HIF-1α pathway in response to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Houseright
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Veronika Miskolci
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Oscar Mulvaney
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Valeriu Bortnov
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Deane F Mosher
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Julie Rindy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - David A Bennin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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30
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Sullivan C, Soos BL, Millard PJ, Kim CH, King BL. Modeling Virus-Induced Inflammation in Zebrafish: A Balance Between Infection Control and Excessive Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636623. [PMID: 34025644 PMCID: PMC8138431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response to viral infection in humans is a dynamic process with complex cell interactions that are governed by the immune system and influenced by both host and viral factors. Due to this complexity, the relative contributions of the virus and host factors are best studied in vivo using animal models. In this review, we describe how the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been used as a powerful model to study host-virus interactions and inflammation by combining robust forward and reverse genetic tools with in vivo imaging of transparent embryos and larvae. The innate immune system has an essential role in the initial inflammatory response to viral infection. Focused studies of the innate immune response to viral infection are possible using the zebrafish model as there is a 4-6 week timeframe during development where they have a functional innate immune system dominated by neutrophils and macrophages. During this timeframe, zebrafish lack a functional adaptive immune system, so it is possible to study the innate immune response in isolation. Sequencing of the zebrafish genome has revealed significant genetic conservation with the human genome, and multiple studies have revealed both functional conservation of genes, including those critical to host cell infection and host cell inflammatory response. In addition to studying several fish viruses, zebrafish infection models have been developed for several human viruses, including influenza A, noroviruses, chikungunya, Zika, dengue, herpes simplex virus type 1, Sindbis, and hepatitis C virus. The development of these diverse viral infection models, coupled with the inherent strengths of the zebrafish model, particularly as it relates to our understanding of macrophage and neutrophil biology, offers opportunities for far more intensive studies aimed at understanding conserved host responses to viral infection. In this context, we review aspects relating to the evolution of innate immunity, including the evolution of viral pattern recognition receptors, interferons and interferon receptors, and non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Con Sullivan
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Maine at Augusta, Bangor, ME, United States
| | - Brandy-Lee Soos
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Paul J Millard
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Carol H Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Benjamin L King
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States.,Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
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31
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Sipka T, Peroceschi R, Hassan-Abdi R, Groß M, Ellett F, Begon-Pescia C, Gonzalez C, Lutfalla G, Nguyen-Chi M. Damage-Induced Calcium Signaling and Reactive Oxygen Species Mediate Macrophage Activation in Zebrafish. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636585. [PMID: 33841419 PMCID: PMC8032883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immediately after a wound, macrophages are activated and change their phenotypes in reaction to danger signals released from the damaged tissues. The cues that contribute to macrophage activation after wounding in vivo are still poorly understood. Calcium signaling and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), mainly hydrogen peroxide, are conserved early wound signals that emanate from the wound and guide neutrophils within tissues up to the wound. However, the role of these signals in the recruitment and the activation of macrophages is elusive. Here we used the transparent zebrafish larva as a tractable vertebrate system to decipher the signaling cascade necessary for macrophage recruitment and activation after the injury of the caudal fin fold. By using transgenic reporter lines to track pro-inflammatory activated macrophages combined with high-resolutive microscopy, we tested the role of Ca²⁺ and ROS signaling in macrophage activation. By inhibiting intracellular Ca²⁺ released from the ER stores, we showed that macrophage recruitment and activation towards pro-inflammatory phenotypes are impaired. By contrast, ROS are only necessary for macrophage activation independently on calcium. Using genetic depletion of neutrophils, we showed that neutrophils are not essential for macrophage recruitment and activation. Finally, we identified Src family kinases, Lyn and Yrk and NF-κB as key regulators of macrophage activation in vivo, with Lyn and ROS presumably acting in the same signaling pathway. This study describes a molecular mechanism by which early wound signals drive macrophage polarization and suggests unique therapeutic targets to control macrophage activity during diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sipka
- LPHI, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Martin Groß
- LPHI, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Felix Ellett
- Bateson Centre and Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,BioMEMS Resource Center, Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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32
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Ji J, Fan J. Neutrophil in Reverse Migration: Role in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656039. [PMID: 33790916 PMCID: PMC8006006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. During the development and progression of sepsis, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundantly recruited innate immune cells at sites of infection, playing critical roles in the elimination of local infection and healing of the injury. PMN reverse migration (rM) describes the phenomenon in which PMNs migrate away from the inflammatory site back into the vasculature following the initial PMN infiltration. The functional role of PMN rM within inflammatory scenarios requires further exploration. Current evidence suggests that depending on the context, PMN rM can be both a protective response, by facilitating an efficient resolution to innate immune reaction, and also a tissue-damaging event. In this review, we provide an overview of current advancements in understanding the mechanism and roles of PMN rM in inflammation and sepsis. A comprehensive understanding of PMN rM may allow for the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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33
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Campos-Sánchez JC, Esteban MÁ. Review of inflammation in fish and value of the zebrafish model. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:123-139. [PMID: 33236349 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial step in the development of chronic diseases in humans. Understanding the inflammation environment and its intrinsic mechanisms when it is produced by harmful stimuli may be a key element in the development of human disease diagnosis. In recent decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio) have been widely used in research, due to their exceptional characteristics, as a model of various human diseases. Interestingly, the mediators released during the inflammatory response of both the immune system and nervous system, after its integration in the hypothalamus, could also facilitate the detection of injury through the register of behavioural changes in the fish. Although there are many studies that give well-defined information separately on such elements as the recruitment of cells, the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators or the type of neurotransmitters released against different triggers, to the best of our knowledge there are no reviews that put all this knowledge together. In the present review, the main available information on inflammation in zebrafish is presented in order to facilitate knowledge about this important process of innate immunity, as well as the stress responses and behavioural changes derived from it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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34
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Banks KM, Lan Y, Evans T. Tet Proteins Regulate Neutrophil Granulation in Zebrafish through Demethylation of socs3b mRNA. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108632. [PMID: 33440144 PMCID: PMC7837371 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tet proteins (Tet1/2/3) convert 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxy-methylcytosine (5hmC), initiating the process of active demethylation to regulate gene expression. Demethylation has been investigated primarily in the context of DNA, but recently Tet enzymes have also been shown to mediate demethylation of 5mC in RNA as an additional level of epitranscriptomic regulation. We analyzed compound tet2/3 mutant zebrafish and discovered a role for Tet enzymes in the maturation of primitive and definitive neutrophils during granulation. Transcript profiling showed dysregulation of cytokine signaling in tet mutant neutrophils, including upregulation of socs3b. We show that Tet normally demethylates socs3b mRNA during granulation, thereby destabilizing the transcript, leading to its downregulation. Failure of this process leads to accumulation of socs3b mRNA and repression of cytokine signaling at this crucial step of neutrophil maturation. This study provides further evidence for Tets as epitranscriptomic regulatory enzymes and implicates Tet2/3 in regulation of neutrophil maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Banks
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yahui Lan
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Todd Evans
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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35
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Kim YR, Kim YM, Lee J, Park J, Lee JE, Hyun YM. Neutrophils Return to Bloodstream Through the Brain Blood Vessel After Crosstalk With Microglia During LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:613733. [PMID: 33364241 PMCID: PMC7753044 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.613733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulatory neutrophil and brain tissue-resident microglia are two important immune cells involved in neuroinflammation. Since neutrophils that infiltrate through the brain vascular vessel may affect the immune function of microglia in the brain, close investigation of the interaction between these cells is important in understanding neuroinflammatory phenomena and immunological aftermaths that follow. This study aimed to observe how morphology and function of both neutrophils and microglia are converted in the inflamed brain. To directly investigate cellular responses of neutrophils and microglia, LysMGFP/+ and CX3CR1GFP/+ mice were used for the observation of neutrophils and microglia, respectively. In addition, low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was utilized to induce acute inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice. Real-time observation on mice brain undergoing neuroinflammation via two-photon intravital microscopy revealed various changes in neutrophils and microglia; namely, neutrophil infiltration and movement within the brain tissue increased, while microglia displayed morphological changes suggesting an activated state. Furthermore, neutrophils seemed to not only actively interact with microglial processes but also exhibit reverse transendothelial migration (rTEM) back to the bloodstream. Thus, it may be postulated that, through crosstalk with neutrophils, macrophages are primed to initiate a neuroinflammatory immune response; also, during pathogenic events in the brain, neutrophils that engage in rTEM may deliver proinflammatory signals to peripheral organs outside the brain. Taken together, these results both show that neuroinflammation results in significant alterations in neutrophils and microglia and lay the pavement for further studies on the molecular mechanisms behind such changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Rim Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Min Kim
- Department of Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joohyun Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Hyun
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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36
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Kaveh A, Bruton FA, Buckley C, Oremek MEM, Tucker CS, Mullins JJ, Taylor JM, Rossi AG, Denvir MA. Live Imaging of Heart Injury in Larval Zebrafish Reveals a Multi-Stage Model of Neutrophil and Macrophage Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:579943. [PMID: 33195220 PMCID: PMC7604347 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.579943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils and macrophages are crucial effectors and modulators of repair and regeneration following myocardial infarction, but they cannot be easily observed in vivo in mammalian models. Hence many studies have utilized larval zebrafish injury models to examine neutrophils and macrophages in their tissue of interest. However, to date the migratory patterns and ontogeny of these recruited cells is unknown. In this study, we address this need by comparing our larval zebrafish model of cardiac injury to the archetypal tail fin injury model. Our in vivo imaging allowed comprehensive mapping of neutrophil and macrophage migration from primary hematopoietic sites, to the wound. Early following injury there is an acute phase of neutrophil recruitment that is followed by sustained macrophage recruitment. Both cell types are initially recruited locally and subsequently from distal sites, primarily the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT). Once liberated from the CHT, some neutrophils and macrophages enter circulation, but most use abluminal vascular endothelium to crawl through the larva. In both injury models the innate immune response resolves by reverse migration, with very little apoptosis or efferocytosis of neutrophils. Furthermore, our in vivo imaging led to the finding of a novel wound responsive mpeg1+ neutrophil subset, highlighting previously unrecognized heterogeneity in neutrophils. Our study provides a detailed analysis of the modes of immune cell migration in larval zebrafish, paving the way for future studies examining tissue injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryan Kaveh
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Finnius A. Bruton
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena E. M. Oremek
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carl S. Tucker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - John J. Mullins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adriano G. Rossi
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A. Denvir
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Wound healing is a complex, dynamic process supported by a myriad of cellular events that must be tightly coordinated to efficiently repair damaged tissue. Derangement in wound-linked cellular behaviours, as occurs with diabetes and ageing, can lead to healing impairment and the formation of chronic, non-healing wounds. These wounds are a significant socioeconomic burden due to their high prevalence and recurrence. Thus, there is an urgent requirement for the improved biological and clinical understanding of the mechanisms that underpin wound repair. Here, we review the cellular basis of tissue repair and discuss how current and emerging understanding of wound pathology could inform future development of efficacious wound therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly N Wilkinson
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Hardman
- Centre for Atherothrombosis and Metabolic Disease, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, United Kingdom
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38
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Cell type specific gene expression profiling reveals a role for complement component C3 in neutrophil responses to tissue damage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15716. [PMID: 32973200 PMCID: PMC7518243 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage induces rapid recruitment of leukocytes and changes in the transcriptional landscape that influence wound healing. However, the cell-type specific transcriptional changes that influence leukocyte function and tissue repair have not been well characterized. Here, we employed translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) and RNA sequencing, TRAP-seq, in larval zebrafish to identify genes differentially expressed in neutrophils, macrophages, and epithelial cells in response to wounding. We identified the complement pathway and c3a.1, homologous to the C3 component of human complement, as significantly increased in neutrophils in response to wounds. c3a.1−/− zebrafish larvae have impaired neutrophil directed migration to tail wounds with an initial lag in recruitment early after wounding. Moreover, c3a.1−/− zebrafish larvae have impaired recruitment to localized bacterial infections and reduced survival that is, at least in part, neutrophil mediated. Together, our findings support the power of TRAP-seq to identify cell type specific changes in gene expression that influence neutrophil behavior in response to tissue damage.
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Oyarbide U, Shah AN, Amaya-Mejia W, Snyderman M, Kell MJ, Allende DS, Calo E, Topczewski J, Corey SJ. Loss of Sbds in zebrafish leads to neutropenia and pancreas and liver atrophy. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134309. [PMID: 32759502 PMCID: PMC7526460 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is characterized by exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, neutropenia, and skeletal abnormalities. Biallelic mutations in SBDS, which encodes a ribosome maturation factor, are found in 90% of SDS cases. Sbds–/– mice are embryonic lethal. Using CRISPR/Cas9 editing, we created sbds-deficient zebrafish strains. Sbds protein levels progressively decreased and became undetectable at 10 days postfertilization (dpf). Polysome analysis revealed decreased 80S ribosomes. Homozygous mutant fish developed normally until 15 dpf. Mutant fish subsequently had stunted growth and showed signs of atrophy in pancreas, liver, and intestine. In addition, neutropenia occurred by 5 dpf. Upregulation of tp53 mRNA did not occur until 10 dpf, and inhibition of proliferation correlated with death by 21 dpf. Transcriptome analysis showed tp53 activation through upregulation of genes involved in cell cycle arrest, cdkn1a and ccng1, and apoptosis, puma and mdm2. However, elimination of Tp53 function did not prevent lethality. Because of growth retardation and atrophy of intestinal epithelia, we studied the effects of starvation on WT fish. Starved WT fish showed intestinal atrophy, zymogen granule loss, and tp53 upregulation — similar to the mutant phenotype. In addition, there was reduction in neutral lipid storage and ribosomal protein amount, similar to the mutant phenotype. Thus, loss of Sbds in zebrafish phenocopies much of the human disease and is associated with growth arrest and tissue atrophy, particularly of the gastrointestinal system, at the larval stage. A variety of stress responses, some associated with Tp53, contribute to pathophysiology of SDS. Loss of ribosome maturation factor sbds in the zebrafish phenocopies human Shwachman-Diamond syndrome and is associated with p53 activation, but lethality cannot be rescued by p53 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usua Oyarbide
- Departments of Pediatrics, Immunology, and Human and Molecular Genetics, Children's Hospital of Richmond and Massey Cancer Center at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, Cancer Biology, and Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arish N Shah
- Department of Biology and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wilmer Amaya-Mejia
- Departments of Pediatrics, Immunology, and Human and Molecular Genetics, Children's Hospital of Richmond and Massey Cancer Center at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew Snyderman
- Departments of Pediatrics, Cancer Biology, and Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Margaret J Kell
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Eliezer Calo
- Department of Biology and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jacek Topczewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Seth J Corey
- Departments of Pediatrics, Immunology, and Human and Molecular Genetics, Children's Hospital of Richmond and Massey Cancer Center at Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Northwestern University School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, Cancer Biology, and Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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40
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Solis CJ, Hamilton MK, Caruffo M, Garcia-Lopez JP, Navarrete P, Guillemin K, Feijoo CG. Intestinal Inflammation Induced by Soybean Meal Ingestion Increases Intestinal Permeability and Neutrophil Turnover Independently of Microbiota in Zebrafish. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1330. [PMID: 32793187 PMCID: PMC7393261 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a condition shared by several intestinal chronic diseases, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, with severely detrimental consequences in the long run. Current mammalian models have considerably increased understanding of this pathological condition, highlighting the fact that, in most of the cases, it is a highly complex and multifactorial problem and difficult to deal with. Thus, there is an increasingly evident need for alternative animal models that could offer complementary approaches that have not been exploited in rodents, thereby contributing to a different view on the disease. Here, we report the effects of a soybean meal-induced intestinal inflammation model on intestinal integrity and function as well as on neutrophil recruitment and microbiota composition in zebrafish. We find that the induced intestinal inflammation process is accompanied by an increase in epithelial permeability in addition to changes in the mRNA levels of different tight junction proteins. Conversely, there was no evidence of damage of epithelial cells nor an increase in their proliferation. Of note, our results show that this intestinal inflammatory model is induced independently of the presence of microbiota. On the other hand, this inflammatory process affects intestinal physiology by decreasing protein absorption, increasing neutrophil replacement, and altering microbiota composition with a decrease in the diversity of cultivable bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila J. Solis
- Fish Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Mario Caruffo
- Fish Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan P. Garcia-Lopez
- Fish Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
- Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carmen G. Feijoo
- Fish Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago, Chile
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41
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Nguyen-Chi M, Luz-Crawford P, Balas L, Sipka T, Contreras-López R, Barthelaix A, Lutfalla G, Durand T, Jorgensen C, Djouad F. Pro-resolving mediator protectin D1 promotes epimorphic regeneration by controlling immune cell function in vertebrates. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4055-4073. [PMID: 32520398 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are a family of lipids controlling the resolution of inflammation and playing a role in many processes including organ protection and tissue repair. While SPMs are potent bioactive molecules in vivo, their role in epimorphic regeneration of organs in vertebrates has not been tested. Using the zebrafish larva as a robust regenerative vertebrate system, we studied the role of the SPM neuroprotectin/protectin D1 (PD1) during the caudal fin fold regeneration. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Regeneration of the fin fold was analysed when exposed to a synthetic PD1. The effect of PD1 on immune cell recruitment and activation was further investigated using live imaging combined with fluorescent reporter lines. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we dissected the role of neutrophils and macrophages on driving the pro-regenerative effect of PD1. KEY RESULTS We showed that PD1 improves fin fold regeneration. Acting in a narrow time window during regeneration, PD1 accelerates the resolution of inflammation without affecting the initial kinetic of neutrophil recruitment but instead, promotes their reverse migration potential. In addition, PD1 induces macrophage polarization switch towards non-inflammatory states in both zebrafish and mammalian system. Finally, macrophages but not neutrophils are essential for PD1-mediated regeneration. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results reveal the pro-regenerative action of PD1 and its role in regulating neutrophil and macrophage response in vertebrates. These findings strongly support the development of pro-resolving mediators as natural therapeutic candidates for degenerative disorders and the use of the zebrafish as a tool to investigate pro-regenerative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Nguyen-Chi
- IRMB, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,LPHI, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patricia Luz-Crawford
- Centro de Investigación Biomédical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laurence Balas
- IBMM, UMR5247, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Tamara Sipka
- LPHI, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Rafael Contreras-López
- IRMB, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Centro de Investigación Biomédical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Audrey Barthelaix
- IRMB, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Thierry Durand
- IBMM, UMR5247, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Farida Djouad
- IRMB, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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42
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Owen-Woods C, Joulia R, Barkaway A, Rolas L, Ma B, Nottebaum AF, Arkill KP, Stein M, Girbl T, Golding M, Bates DO, Vestweber D, Voisin MB, Nourshargh S. Local microvascular leakage promotes trafficking of activated neutrophils to remote organs. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:2301-2318. [PMID: 31971917 PMCID: PMC7190919 DOI: 10.1172/jci133661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased microvascular permeability to plasma proteins and neutrophil emigration are hallmarks of innate immunity and key features of numerous inflammatory disorders. Although neutrophils can promote microvascular leakage, the impact of vascular permeability on neutrophil trafficking is unknown. Here, through the application of confocal intravital microscopy, we report that vascular permeability-enhancing stimuli caused a significant frequency of neutrophil reverse transendothelial cell migration (rTEM). Furthermore, mice with a selective defect in microvascular permeability enhancement (VEC-Y685F-ki) showed reduced incidence of neutrophil rTEM. Mechanistically, elevated vascular leakage promoted movement of interstitial chemokines into the bloodstream, a response that supported abluminal-to-luminal neutrophil TEM. Through development of an in vivo cell labeling method we provide direct evidence for the systemic dissemination of rTEM neutrophils, and showed them to exhibit an activated phenotype and be capable of trafficking to the lungs where their presence was aligned with regions of vascular injury. Collectively, we demonstrate that increased microvascular leakage reverses the localization of directional cues across venular walls, thus causing neutrophils engaged in diapedesis to reenter the systemic circulation. This cascade of events offers a mechanism to explain how local tissue inflammation and vascular permeability can induce downstream pathological effects in remote organs, most notably in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Owen-Woods
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Régis Joulia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Barkaway
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Loïc Rolas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bin Ma
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Astrid Fee Nottebaum
- Department of Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Kenton P. Arkill
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Monja Stein
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tamara Girbl
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Golding
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David O. Bates
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dietmar Vestweber
- Department of Vascular Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Mathieu-Benoit Voisin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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43
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Sommer F, Torraca V, Meijer AH. Chemokine Receptors and Phagocyte Biology in Zebrafish. Front Immunol 2020; 11:325. [PMID: 32161595 PMCID: PMC7053378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes are highly motile immune cells that ingest and clear microbial invaders, harmful substances, and dying cells. Their function is critically dependent on the expression of chemokine receptors, a class of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Chemokine receptors coordinate the recruitment of phagocytes and other immune cells to sites of infection and damage, modulate inflammatory and wound healing responses, and direct cell differentiation, proliferation, and polarization. Besides, a structurally diverse group of atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are unable to signal in G-protein-dependent fashion themselves but can shape chemokine gradients by fine-tuning the activity of conventional chemokine receptors. The optically transparent zebrafish embryos and larvae provide a powerful in vivo system to visualize phagocytes during development and study them as key elements of the immune response in real-time. In this review, we discuss how the zebrafish model has furthered our understanding of the role of two main classes of chemokine receptors, the CC and CXC subtypes, in phagocyte biology. We address the roles of the receptors in the migratory properties of phagocytes in zebrafish models for cancer, infectious disease, and inflammation. We illustrate how studies in zebrafish enable visualizing the contribution of chemokine receptors and ACKRs in shaping self-generated chemokine gradients of migrating cells. Taking the functional antagonism between two paralogs of the CXCR3 family as an example, we discuss how the duplication of chemokine receptor genes in zebrafish poses challenges, but also provides opportunities to study sub-functionalization or loss-of-function events. We emphasize how the zebrafish model has been instrumental to prove that the major determinant for the functional outcome of a chemokine receptor-ligand interaction is the cell-type expressing the receptor. Finally, we highlight relevant homologies and analogies between mammalian and zebrafish phagocyte function and discuss the potential of zebrafish models to further advance our understanding of chemokine receptors in innate immunity and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Sommer
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Torraca
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
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44
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Rochon ER, Missinato MA, Xue J, Tejero J, Tsang M, Gladwin MT, Corti P. Nitrite Improves Heart Regeneration in Zebrafish. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:363-377. [PMID: 31724431 PMCID: PMC6985782 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Nitrite is reduced to nitric oxide (NO) under physiological and pathological hypoxic conditions to modulate angiogenesis and improve ischemia-reperfusion injury. Although adult mammals lack the ability to regenerate the heart after injury, this is preserved in neonates and efforts to reactivate this process are of great interest. Unlike mammals, the adult zebrafish maintain the innate ability to regenerate their hearts after injury, providing an important model to study cardiac regeneration. We thus explored the effects of physiological levels of nitrite on cardiac and fin regeneration and downstream cellular and molecular signaling pathways in response to amputation and cryoinjury. Results: Nitrite treatment of zebrafish after ventricular amputation or cryoinjury to the heart in hypoxic water (∼3 parts per million of oxygen) increases cardiomyocyte proliferation, improves angiogenesis, and enhances early recruitment of thrombocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils to the injury. When tested in a fin regeneration model, neutrophil recruitment to the injury site was found to be dependent on NO. Innovation: This is the first study to evaluate effects of physiological levels of nitrite on cardiac regeneration in response to cardiac injury, with the observation that nitrite in water accelerates zebrafish heart regeneration. Conclusion: Physiological and therapeutic levels of nitrite increase thrombocyte, neutrophil, and macrophage recruitment to the heart after amputation and cryoinjury in zebrafish, resulting in accelerated cardiomyocyte proliferation and angiogenesis. Translation of this finding to mammalian models of injury during early development may provide an opportunity to improve outcomes during intrauterine fetal or neonatal cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Rochon
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Jianmin Xue
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jesús Tejero
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Paola Corti
- Department of Medicine, Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, Italy
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Efficacy of Voriconazole against Aspergillus fumigatus Infection Depends on Host Immune Function. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00917-19. [PMID: 31740552 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00917-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifungal therapy can fail in a remarkable number of patients with invasive fungal disease, resulting in significant morbidity worldwide. A major contributor to this failure is that while these drugs have high potency in vitro, we do not fully understand how they work inside infected hosts. Here, we used a transparent larval zebrafish model of Aspergillus fumigatus infection amenable to real-time imaging of invasive disease as an in vivo intermediate vertebrate model to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of the antifungal drug voriconazole. We found that the ability of voriconazole to protect against A. fumigatus infection depends on host innate immune cells and, specifically, on the presence of macrophages. While voriconazole inhibits fungal spore germination and growth in vitro, it does not do so in larval zebrafish. Instead, live imaging of whole, intact larvae over a multiday course of infection revealed that macrophages slow down initial fungal growth, allowing voriconazole time to target and kill A. fumigatus hyphae postgermination. These findings shed light on how antifungal drugs such as voriconazole may synergize with the immune response in living hosts.
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Sommer F, Torraca V, Kamel SM, Lombardi A, Meijer AH. Frontline Science: Antagonism between regular and atypical Cxcr3 receptors regulates macrophage migration during infection and injury in zebrafish. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:185-203. [PMID: 31529512 PMCID: PMC7028096 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2hi0119-006r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The CXCR3‐CXCL11 chemokine‐signaling axis plays an essential role in infection and inflammation by orchestrating leukocyte trafficking in human and animal models, including zebrafish. Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) play a fundamental regulatory function in signaling networks by shaping chemokine gradients through their ligand scavenging function, while being unable to signal in the classic G‐protein‐dependent manner. Two copies of the CXCR3 gene in zebrafish, cxcr3.2 and cxcr3.3, are expressed on macrophages and share a highly conserved ligand‐binding site. However, Cxcr3.3 has structural characteristics of ACKRs indicative of a ligand‐scavenging role. In contrast, we previously showed that Cxcr3.2 is an active CXCR3 receptor because it is required for macrophage motility and recruitment to sites of mycobacterial infection. In this study, we generated a cxcr3.3 CRISPR‐mutant to functionally dissect the antagonistic interplay among the cxcr3 paralogs in the immune response. We observed that cxcr3.3 mutants are more susceptible to mycobacterial infection, whereas cxcr3.2 mutants are more resistant. Furthermore, macrophages in the cxcr3.3 mutant are more motile, show higher activation status, and are recruited more efficiently to sites of infection or injury. Our results suggest that Cxcr3.3 is an ACKR that regulates the activity of Cxcr3.2 by scavenging common ligands and that silencing the scavenging function of Cxcr3.3 results in an exacerbated Cxcr3.2 signaling. In human, splice variants of CXCR3 have antagonistic functions and CXCR3 ligands also interact with ACKRs. Therefore, in zebrafish, an analogous regulatory mechanism appears to have evolved after the cxcr3 gene duplication event, through diversification of conventional and atypical receptor variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Sommer
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Torraca
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah M Kamel
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amber Lombardi
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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The Interaction between Joint Inflammation and Cartilage Repair. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:327-334. [PMID: 31413937 PMCID: PMC6675839 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Articular cartilage lesions occur frequently but unfortunately damaged cartilage has a very limited intrinsic repair capacity. Therefore, there is a high need to develop technology that makes cartilage repair possible. Since joint damage will lead to (sterile) inflammation, development of this technology has to take into account the effects of inflammation on cartilage repair. Methods A literature search has been performed including combinations of the following keywords; cartilage repair, fracture repair, chondrogenesis, (sterile) inflammation, inflammatory factors, macrophage, innate immunity, and a number of individual cytokines. Papers were selected that described how inflammation or inflammatory factors affect chondrogenesis and tissue repair. A narrative review is written based on these papers focusing on the role of inflammation in cartilage repair and what we can learn from findings in other organs, especially fracture repair. Results The relationship between inflammation and tissue repair is not straightforward. Acute, local inflammation stimulates fracture repair but appears to be deleterious for chondrogenesis and cartilage repair. Systemic inflammation has a negative effect on all sorts of tissue repair. Conclusion Findings on the role of inflammation in fracture repair and cartilage repair are not in line. The currently widely used models of chondrogenesis, using high differentiation factor concentrations and corticosteroid levels, are not optimal. To make it possible to draw more valid conclusions about the role of inflammation and inflammatory factors on cartilage repair, model systems must be developed that better mimic the real conditions in a joint with damaged cartilage.
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Ma Y, Yang X, Chatterjee V, Meegan JE, Beard Jr. RS, Yuan SY. Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Vesicles in Regulating Vascular Endothelial Permeability. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1037. [PMID: 31143182 PMCID: PMC6520655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microvascular endothelium serves as the major barrier that controls the transport of blood constituents across the vessel wall. Barrier leakage occurs during infection or sterile inflammation, allowing plasma fluid and cells to extravasate and accumulate in surrounding tissues, an important pathology underlying a variety of infectious diseases and immune disorders. The leak process is triggered and regulated by bidirectional communications between circulating cells and vascular cells at the blood-vessel interface. While the molecular mechanisms underlying this complex process remain incompletely understood, emerging evidence supports the roles of neutrophil-endothelium interaction and neutrophil-derived products, including neutrophil extracellular traps and vesicles, in the pathogenesis of vascular barrier injury. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on neutrophil-induced changes in endothelial barrier structures, with a detailed presentation of recently characterized molecular pathways involved in the production and effects of neutrophil extracellular traps and extracellular vesicles. Additionally, we discuss the therapeutic implications of altering neutrophil interactions with the endothelial barrier in treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Ma
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Xiaoyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Victor Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jamie E. Meegan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Richard S. Beard Jr.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Research Center, Boise State University, Boise, ID, United States
| | - Sarah Y. Yuan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
- Department of Surgery, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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Ratanayotha A, Kawai T, Okamura Y. Real-time functional analysis of Hv1 channel in neutrophils: a new approach from zebrafish model. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 316:R819-R831. [PMID: 30943046 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00326.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated proton channel (Hv1) has been studied in various immune cells, including neutrophils. However, most studies have taken an in vitro approach using isolated cells or primary cultured cells of mammals; therefore, limited evidence is available on the function of Hv1 in a physiological context. In this study, we have developed the in vivo system that enables real-time functional analysis of Hv1 using zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio). Hvcn1-deficiency (hvcn1-/-) in zebrafish completely abolished voltage-gated proton current, which is typically observed in wild-type neutrophils. Importantly, hvcn1-deficiency significantly reduced reactive oxygen species production and calcium response of zebrafish neutrophils, comparable to the results observed in mammalian models. These findings verify zebrafish Hv1 (DrHv1) as the primary contributor for native Hv1-derived proton current in neutrophils and suggest the conserved function of Hv1 in the immune cells across vertebrate animals. Taking advantage of Hv1 zebrafish model, we compared real-time behaviors of neutrophils between wild-type and hvcn1-/- zebrafish in response to tissue injury and acute bacterial infection. Notably, we observed a significant increase in the number of phagosomes in hvcn1-/- neutrophils, raising a possible link between Hv1 and phagosomal maturation. Furthermore, survival analysis of zebrafish larvae potentially supports a protective role of Hv1 in the innate immune response against systemic bacterial infection. This study represents the influence of Hv1 on neutrophil behaviors and highlights the benefits of in vivo approach toward the understanding of Hv1 in a physiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adisorn Ratanayotha
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka , Japan
| | - Takafumi Kawai
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka , Japan
| | - Yasushi Okamura
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University , Suita, Osaka , Japan
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Yam AO, Chtanova T. Imaging the neutrophil: Intravital microscopy provides a dynamic view of neutrophil functions in host immunity. Cell Immunol 2019; 350:103898. [PMID: 30712753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first cellular responders of the immune system. They employ their impressive arsenal of microbicidal molecules to provide rapid and efficient defense against pathogens. However, the role of neutrophils extends far beyond microbial destruction to include tissue repair and remodeling, provision of signals to the adaptive immune system and body homeostasis. Intravital imaging has allowed the visualization of neutrophils in their native environment in both health and disease and provided crucial insights into their mechanisms of action. In the last few years the power of intravital imaging has been considerably extended by the introduction of photoconvertible proteins and intracellular signaling reporter mice. This review will highlight recent advances in our understanding of neutrophil biology based on the use of intravital microscopy to visualize their modus operandi in vivo including migration in and out of inflamed tissues, host-pathogen interactions and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew O Yam
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tatyana Chtanova
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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