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Wang Z, Whipp AM, Heinonen-Guzejev M, Kaprio J. Age at separation, residential mobility, and depressive symptoms among twins in late adolescence and young adulthood: a FinnTwin12 cohort study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2239. [PMID: 39153992 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19734-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Separating with close siblings and leaving the parental home at an early age represents a major life event for an adolescent (reflected by age at separation in a twin pair) and may predispose them to poor mental health. This study aims to examine the association of age at separation and residential mobility on depressive symptoms in late adolescence and young adulthood and to explore possible underlying genetic effects. METHODS Residential mobility consisted of the number and total distance of moves before age 17. Based on 3071 twins from the FinnTwin12 cohort, we used linear regression to assess the association of age at separation and residential mobility with General Behavior Inventory (GBI) scores at age 17 and in young adulthood. A higher GBI score indicated more depressive symptoms occurred. Then, the mixed model for repeated measures (MMRM) was used to visualize the scores' trajectory and test the associations, controlling for "baseline" state. Twin analyses with a bivariate cross-lagged path model were performed between the difference in GBI scores, between cotwins, and separation status for the potential genetic influence. RESULTS Compared to twins separated before age 17, twins who separated later had significantly lower GBI scores at age 17 and in young adulthood. In MMRM, separation at a later age and a higher number of moves were associated with a higher GBI score in young adulthood. A small genetic effect was detected wherein GBI within-pair differences at age 17 were associated with separation status before age 22 (coefficient: 0.01). CONCLUSION The study provides valid evidence about the influence of siblings and family on depressive symptoms in later adolescence and young adulthood while finding some evidence for a reverse direction effect. This suggests more caution in the interpretation of results. A strong association between residential mobility and depressive symptoms was affirmed, although further detailed research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Wang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, PL 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Alyce M Whipp
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, PL 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Heinonen-Guzejev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, PL 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, PL 20 (Tukholmankatu 8), Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Diaz AD. Assessment of Suicide Risk and Cultural Considerations in Forcibly Displaced Migrant Youth. Acad Pediatr 2024; 24:25-31. [PMID: 38991798 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Migrant youth who face forced displacement from their home countries have an emergent mental health burden, placing them at increased suicide risk. As such, it is crucial for pediatric providers to include suicide screening and assessment in their care for this population. Migrant families seek safety but, in many cases, encounter adverse events and psychosocial inequities in the migration journey and in the host community. Factors such as trauma, acculturative stress, and intersectionality influence suicide risk in migrants. Summative traumatic events contribute to the mental health load and worsen suicidal outcomes in migrant youth. Acculturative stress can lead to social marginalization in the host country, further adding to the existing mental health burden. Finally, intersectionality encompasses complex sociocultural influences, which shape the development of cultural identity in migrant youth and influence suicide risk. By examining these factors, the author advances cultural considerations in screening and assessment for suicide risk in migrant youth through evidence-based tools in pediatric clinical practice. Barriers to access to mental health services, stigma, and distrust of the health care system within the host community are also addressed. The author establishes recommendations for early suicide screening and prevention within this population through trauma-informed care, active advocacy, and cultural sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailyn D Diaz
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine (AD Diaz), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health
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Pnishi I, Shala M, Morina N, Maercker A, Heim E. Cultural concepts of distress among Albanian young adults living in Switzerland - a qualitative study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1321452. [PMID: 38770258 PMCID: PMC11104449 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1321452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Existing research recognizes the critical role that social, sociodemographic, and acculturative processes play in increasing vulnerability for experiencing psychological distress among second-generation migrants. However, to date, far too little attention has been given to the study of psychological distress in this social group. The main objective of this study is to examine cultural identities, as well as expressions and causes of psychological distress among second-generation Albanian-speaking migrants in Switzerland. Methods Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 Albanian-speaking participants between 19 and 35 years of age using the interview of the Barts Explanatory Model Inventory. Data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis using MAXQDA-2018 software. Findings Study participants showed bicultural identities, which caused value conflicts and a feeling of being "caught" between Swiss and Albanian culture. Some participants experienced the fear of disappointing their parents. Others find it difficult to deal with conflicting norms and values. Parentification was another important cause within their cultural concept of distress. At the same time, (implicit) social support, i.e., spending time with the family and the community, was an important coping mechanism. Conclusion Second-generation immigrants are exposed to specific risk factors for psychological distress. A better understanding of these risk factors and their coping mechanisms is essential for providing them with meaningful support services, both in prevention and psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imer Pnishi
- Department of Psychology, Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mirëlinda Shala
- Department of Psychology, Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Naser Morina
- Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Maercker
- Department of Psychology, Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Heim
- Institute of Psychology, Division of Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Dualle MA, Robinette LM, Hatsu IE. Food Related Challenges and Mental Health Among U.S. African Migrants: A Narrative Review. J Immigr Minor Health 2024; 26:371-384. [PMID: 37400706 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-023-01512-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The United States' (US) African immigrant (AI) population is growing, yet they are underrepresented in health and nutrition research. This population experiences difficulties finding culturally appropriate foods and navigating the US food environment (FE), is highly food insecure (FI), and vulnerable to mental disorders. This review examined the current evidence for AIs' food and mental health outcomes and connections; and identified gaps in the literature and future research opportunities. A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS. Twenty-one studies were identified, reporting high (37-85%) FI rates, poor diet quality, and increased risk of mental disorders among participants. Challenges in the FE, lack of transportation, limited access to ethnic foods, low SES, and language barriers were associated with FI and poor diet quality. Similarly, discrimination, substance use, and immigration status were associated with depression and anxiety. However, studies examining the connection between AI's food experience and mental health are lacking. AIs are at a higher risk for FI, poor diet quality, and mental disorders. Ethnic-specific research to understand the connection between their food and mental health is needed to reduce nutrition and mental health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryan A Dualle
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lisa M Robinette
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Irene E Hatsu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- College of Education and Human Ecology, Department of Human Sciences | Human Nutrition Program, 341 Campbell Hall, 1787 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Suicidal Behaviour, including Ideation and Self-Harm, in Young Migrants: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148329. [PMID: 35886183 PMCID: PMC9318121 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Young people experience high rates of suicidal ideation, self-harm, suicide attempt and death due to suicide. As a result of increasing globalisation, young people are increasingly mobile and can migrate from one country to another seeking educational and employment opportunities. With a growing number of young migrants, it is important to understand the prevalence of suicidal behaviour among this population group. We systematically searched Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO from inception until 31 March 2022. Eligible studies were those providing data on suicidal ideation, self-harm, suicide attempt, and death due to suicide. Seventeen studies were included in the review, some of which provided data on multiple outcomes of interest. Twelve studies provided data on suicidal ideation, five provided data on self-harm, eight provided data on suicide attempt, and one study had data on suicide death among young migrants. The quality of the included studies was varied and limited. The studies included in this review commonly reported that young migrants experience higher rates of self-harm and suicide attempt, but no major differences in suicidal ideation and suicide death compared to non-migrant young people. However, the limited number of studies focused on suicidal behaviour among young migrants highlights the need for further high-quality studies to capture accurate information. This will enable the development of policies and interventions that reduce the risk of suicidal behaviour among young migrants.
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Gao X, Zhao Y, Wang N, Yang L. Migration modulates the prevalence of ASD and ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:395. [PMID: 35698047 PMCID: PMC9195277 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migration has been implicated as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but evidence is still limited and inconsistent. We aim to investigate the relationship between migration status and risk of ASD and ADHD. METHODS Electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsychINFO were searched to identify observational studies on this topic, from inception to February 2021. Random-effects meta-analysis models were used to pool the summary odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and subgroup analyses were conducted to detect possible discrepancies in associations. Certainty of evidence was assessed as per the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) guidelines. RESULTS A total of 13 studies (6,532,546 participants) for ASD, five studies (2,875,070 participants) for ADHD, and six studies (31,158 participants) for hyperactivity were included. Overall, the pooled results indicated that migration was associated with increased risk of ASD (pooled OR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.07-1.63; P for Z test = 0.010), but no association was found between migration and ADHD (pooled OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.53-1.32; P for Z test = 0.452) or hyperactivity (pooled standardized mean difference: -0.073; 95% CIs: - 0.383-0.236; P for Z test = 0.642). Subgroup analyses further demonstrated that maternal migration was ASD risk factor (pooled OR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.19-1.87), and migrant children were more likely to develop ASD with comorbid intellectual disability (ID) (pooled OR: 1.21, P for interaction = 0.006) than ASD without ID. After standardized the origin of migrants, European migrant children from Americas were at higher risk of ASD and ADHD (pooled OR were 4.13 and 1.26), and increased ASD risk was also observed in African children (pooled OR: 2.72). The GRADE of evidence was very low. CONCLUSIONS Maternal migration is a risk factor for ASD, and migrant ASD children are more likely comorbid ID. The role of migration on ADHD remains controversial, more studies are needed to assess the association between migration status and ADHD. Health care practitioners should consider screening and providing extra resources for migrant children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Gao
- grid.459847.30000 0004 1798 0615Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51, Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 PR China ,grid.258164.c0000 0004 1790 3548Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, No.601 Huangpu Road West, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong PR China
| | - Yilu Zhao
- grid.459847.30000 0004 1798 0615Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51, Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 PR China
| | - Ning Wang
- grid.459847.30000 0004 1798 0615Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51, Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Peking University Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University Sixth Hospital), 51, Huayuan Bei Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE In recent years, there has been an increase in immigrant populations worldwide. This study aims to present the global prevalence of suicide between immigrants and refugees as well as to report the prevalence of suicide ideation, suicide mortality, suicide attempts, and plan of suicide. METHOD Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA's) rules were used as a guide in the current research path. PubMed and EMBASE were targeted for the study until December 2019. After collecting the data, the number of events and sample size extracted for each study and also pooled odds ratio and confidence interval (CI) were used to investigate the suicide ratio among immigrants and refugees compared to the native population. RESULTS Fifty-one studies were included in the meta-analysis to investigate suicide prevalence or suicide odds ratio. The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 16% (CI: 0.12-0.20, I2 = 99.4%), for attempted suicide was 6% (CI: 0.05-0.08, I2 = 98.0%), and for suicide plan prevalence was 4% (CI: 0.00-0.08, I2 = 96.8%). The prevalence of suicidal ideation was 10% (CI: 0.04-0.17, I2 = 0.0%) in men and 17% (CI: 0.10-0.24, I2 = 96.8%) in women. The prevalence of attempted suicide was 1% (CI: 0.01-0.02, I2 = 0.0%) in men and 7% (CI: 0.03-0.10, I2 = 94.4%) in women. The odds ratio of suicide mortality among immigrants was 0.91 (CI: 0.90-0.93, p < 0.001; I2 = 97.6%) and for attempted suicide was 1.15 (CI: 1.10-1.20, p < 0.001; I2 = 92.0%). Begg's test (p = 0.933) (Egger test; p = 0.936) rejected publication bias. CONCLUSION Given the high prevalence of suicide, especially suicide ideation and suicide attempts in immigrants, increased attention needs to be paid to the mental health of this population.
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Janousch C, Anyan F, Kassis W, Morote R, Hjemdal O, Sidler P, Graf U, Rietz C, Chouvati R, Govaris C. Resilience profiles across context: A latent profile analysis in a German, Greek, and Swiss sample of adolescents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263089. [PMID: 35085364 PMCID: PMC8794138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated resilience profiles (based on levels of symptoms of anxiety and depression and five dimensions of protective factors) of 1,160 students from Germany (n = 346, 46.0% females, Mage = 12.77, SDage = 0.78), Greece (n = 439, 54.5% females, Mage = 12.68, SDage = 0.69), and Switzerland (n = 375, 44.5% females, Mage = 12.29, SDage = 0.88) using latent profile analyses. We also checked for measurement invariance and investigated the influence of gender and migration on class membership. A three-profile-solution was found for Switzerland (nonresilient 22.1%, moderately resilient 42.9%, untroubled 34.9%), and a four-profile-solution was the best fitting model for Germany (nonresilient 15.7%, moderately resilient 44.2%, untroubled 27.3%, resilient 12.7%) and Greece (nonresilient 21.0%, moderately resilient 30.8%, untroubled 24.9%, resilient 23.3%). Measurement invariance did not hold across the three countries. Profile differences regarding class membership predictions were detected for Germany and Greece, but none for Switzerland. Results implicate that resilience profiles are highly contextually sensitive, and resilience research findings should not be generalized considering the particularity of contexts, people, and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Janousch
- Institute for Research and Development, School of Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Brugg-Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Frederick Anyan
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Wassilis Kassis
- Institute for Research and Development, School of Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Brugg-Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Roxanna Morote
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Odin Hjemdal
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Petra Sidler
- Institute for Research and Development, School of Education, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Brugg-Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Graf
- Faculty of Educational and Social Sciences, University of Education Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Rietz
- Faculty of Educational and Social Sciences, University of Education Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raia Chouvati
- Department of Primary Education, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Christos Govaris
- Department of Primary Education, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
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Rufino NC, Fidalgo TM, dos Santos JP, Tardelli VS, Lima MG, Frick LP, Mirkovic B, da Silveira DX, Cohen D. Treatment compliance and risk and protective factors for suicide ideation to completed suicide in adolescents: a systematic review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PSIQUIATRIA (SAO PAULO, BRAZIL : 1999) 2021; 43:550-558. [PMID: 33533823 PMCID: PMC8555635 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the literature regarding adolescent suicide risk and explore the associations between treatment compliance (expressed as a concept including measured adherence to treatment and/or mental health service utilization) and risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior (SB), as well as the association between treatment compliance and reattempts. METHODS PubMed, LILACS, and Google Scholar were searched using the following terms: (adolescent*) AND (suicide*) AND (risk factor OR protective factors) AND (treatment compliance OR treatment attrition OR treatment adherence OR treatment drop out OR treatment retention OR mental health utilization). We retrieved studies that focused on the relation of treatment compliance to risk and protective factors for SB and that had only adolescent samples. RESULTS Of 4,841 articles, 30 original articles were selected for review. Most studies indicated high mental health service (MHS) utilization and poor treatment adherence by SB patients. Social minority status and conduct disorder were associated with less treatment adherence, while female sex, parental perceived need for treatment, and major depression were associated with greater treatment adherence. Inpatient and intensive emergency care after SA and family interventions improved MHS utilization and treatment compliance. However, we found no substantial protective effect of treatment compliance against reattempts. CONCLUSION Effective treatment planning for compliance requires considering psychopathology, treatment planning, and social, familial, and individual factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luana P. Frick
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bojan Mirkovic
- University Hospital Charles Nicolle, Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Normandie Université, Rouen, France
| | | | - David Cohen
- Service de Psychiatrie del’Enfant et del’Adolescent, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtriére, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris et Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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Yektaş Ç, Erman H, Tufan AE. Traumatic experiences of conditional refugee children and adolescents and predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder: data from Turkey. Nord J Psychiatry 2021; 75:420-426. [PMID: 33591886 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2021.1880634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to determine traumatic events, mental health problems and predictors of PTSD in a sample of conditional refugee children. METHODS The sociodemographic features, chief complaints, traumatic experiences and psychiatric diagnoses according to DSM-5 were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS 20.7% (n = 70) of children experienced the armed conflict or exposed to firefights at their country of origin. Most common diagnoses were anxiety disorders (n = 82, 24.3%), major depressive disorder (n = 52, 15.4%) and PTSD (n = 43, 12.7%). Age, number of traumatic experiences, explosion and sexual violence are the most important predictors for PTSD. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the number of traumas exposed as well as their nature predicted PTSD diagnosis. Refugee children have increased risk for psychiatric problems after migration and resettlement underlining the importance of an adequate follow-up for mental health and ensuring social support networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Yektaş
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Associate Professor in Üsküdar University NP Hospital, Üsküdar University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Erman
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Güven Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Evren Tufan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Abant İzzet Baysal Universtiy, Bolu, Turkey
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Chiang YC, Chu M, Zhao Y, Li X, Li A, Lee CY, Hsueh SC, Zhang S. Influence of Subjective/Objective Status and Possible Pathways of Young Migrants' Life Satisfaction and Psychological Distress in China. Front Psychol 2021; 12:612317. [PMID: 34122214 PMCID: PMC8187866 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.612317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Young migrants have been the major migrant labor force in urban China. But they may be more vulnerable in quality of life and mental health than other groups, due to their personal characteristic and some social/community policies or management measures. It highlights the need to focus on psychological wellbeing and probe driving and reinforcing factors that influence their mental health. This study aimed to investigate the influence of subjective/objective status and possible pathways of young migrants' life satisfaction and psychological distress. Data on 9838 young migrants in the China Migrants Dynamic Survey were analyzed by LISREL 8.8. A total of 94.03% migrated for jobs or business. Subjective status, including subjective socioeconomic status, social adaptation, and psychological integration, had positive effects on life satisfaction, whereas social adaptation and psychological integration negatively affected psychological distress. Objective status, including objective socioeconomic status and health insurance, had adverse effects on life satisfaction, whereas they positively affected psychological distress. Social participation and city belonging had only significant positive mediating roles on life satisfaction. It is essential to increase social adaptation and decrease integration stress according to younger internal migrants' practical needs. It is also necessary to enhance community/social resources and activities in the context of developing sustainability in the community to assist in mental health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Chiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Meijie Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuchen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - An Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun-Yang Lee
- School of International Business, Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Chieh Hsueh
- Institute of Economics, School of Economics and Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuoxun Zhang
- Department of Finance at School of Economics and Wang Yanan Institute for Studies in Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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12
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Mirkovic B, Cohen D, Garny de la Rivière S, Pellerin H, Guilé JM, Consoli A, Gerardin P. Repeating a suicide attempt during adolescence: risk and protective factors 12 months after hospitalization. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 29:1729-1740. [PMID: 32052175 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01491-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Suicide attempts (SAs) are a public health concern in adolescence. A brief hospitalization is recommended, but access to inpatient wards is often not available. In addition, numerous risk factors for SA recurrence have been identified, but few studies have explored protective factors. Here, we aimed to assess the role of both risk and protective factors on SA relapse in a context of free access to inpatient services. We performed a prospective follow-up study of 320 adolescents who were hospitalized for an SA between January 2011 and December 2014 in France. Assessments at baseline included socio-demographics, clinical characteristics, temperament, reasons for living, spirituality, and coping. Patients were re-evaluated at 6 months and 12 months for depression severity and SA relapse. A total of 135 and 91 patients (78 girls, 12 boys, aged 13-17) were followed up at 6 and 12 months, respectively. At the 12-month follow-up, 28 (30%) subjects had repeated an SA. Adolescents who either had a history of SA or were receiving psychotropic treatment at baseline were at higher risk of recurrence. Several variables had a protective effect: (1) productive coping skills, namely, working hard and achieving, physical recreation, and seeking relaxing diversions; (2) a particular temperament trait, namely, cooperativeness; and (3) having experienced more life events. We also found a significant interaction: the higher the depression score during follow-up, the lower the protective effect of productive coping. Our findings confirm that a history of SA and seeking psychiatric care with medication are risk factors for SA relapse. However, productive coping strategies and cooperativeness are protective factors, and the improvement of such strategies as well as treatment of persisting depression should be a goal of psychotherapy treatment offered to suicidal adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Mirkovic
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHU Charles-Nicolle-CH Le Rouvray, Université Rouen Normandie, 1 Rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France.
- Unité de Recherche EA4047 (HANDIReSP), University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Versailles, France.
| | - David Cohen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHU Charles-Nicolle-CH Le Rouvray, Université Rouen Normandie, 1 Rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France
- CNRS, UMR 7222, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et Robotiques, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Garny de la Rivière
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Amiens, University Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Hugues Pellerin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHU Charles-Nicolle-CH Le Rouvray, Université Rouen Normandie, 1 Rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Guilé
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital of Amiens, University Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Angèle Consoli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHU Charles-Nicolle-CH Le Rouvray, Université Rouen Normandie, 1 Rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Priscille Gerardin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CHU Charles-Nicolle-CH Le Rouvray, Université Rouen Normandie, 1 Rue de Germont, 76000, Rouen, France
- Laboratoire CRFDP, University of Normandie, Rouen, France
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13
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Asylum-Seeking Children with Medical Complexity and Rare Diseases in a Tertiary Hospital in Switzerland. J Immigr Minor Health 2020; 23:669-679. [PMID: 33083944 PMCID: PMC8233290 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-020-01100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the characteristics of asylum-seeking children with medical complexity visiting a tertiary care hospital in Switzerland, detailing their underlying medical conditions and management. Asylum-seeking patients with frequent visits between January 2016 and December 2017 were identified using administrative and electronic health records. Of 462 patients, 19 (4%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria with 811 (45%) visits. The age of the 19 patients ranged from 0 to 16.7 years (median of 7 years) with two main age groups identified: < 2 years and > 12 years. Nine (47%) patients originated from Syria. A total of 34/811(4%) visits were hospital admissions, 66/811 (8%) emergency department visits and 320/811(39%) outpatient department visits. In children < 2 years genetic diseases (5/8; 63%) and nutritional problems (6/8; 75%) were most common; in adolescents, orthopedic diseases (4/8; 50%) and mental health problems (4/8; 50%). Asylum-seeking children with medical complexity represent a small but important group of patients requiring frequent medical consultations. The high proportion of young patients with genetic diseases and severe nutritional problems suggests that new strategies are required in the management of this specific group of asylum-seeking children. This could be achieved by improved co-ordination between hospital and non-hospital care exploring options for integrated care.
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Vivier T, Moro MR, Baubet T, Pionnie-Dax N, Grandclerc S, Lachal J. [Suicidal behaviors in migrant youths: Male experiences]. Encephale 2020; 47:123-129. [PMID: 32928530 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents. Boys are more affected than girls, although they report fewer suicide attempts and rely less on care. Few studies have examined the experience of suicidal thoughts and behavior among young boys. In order to improve their health care, it is necessary to consider the socio-cultural aspects and the construction of the meaning given by adolescent boys to suicidal behaviors in France. METHOD This is a qualitative, complementary and inductive study. All teens included have presented suicidal thoughts in the months preceding the inclusion. The existence of self-mutilation and/or suicidal act is sought but is not included within the criteria of inclusion, the various contexts will enrich the data. Semi-structured interviews are transcribed and analyzed by the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. RESULTS Ten adolescents between 14 and 20 years old were included in the study. Three axes of experience emerge: the relationship to oneself, the relationship to the other, the relationship to death. Some themes are common to experiences of both boys and girls, others are more specific to the boys' experience. The inner struggle, testing one's limits and an isolating unspeakable are thus common, highlighting the difficulty for adolescents to mentalize and verbalize emotions and feelings. Difficulties in connecting with others, and feelings of loneliness and isolation, are at the core of the participants' experience. However, the experience of boys appears specific in the difficulty to represent the irreversibility of death which can lead to suicidal behavior without direct intentionality. The narrative of suicidal acts, in its formulation, is quite different from that of young girls. One can assume that the difficulty of expressing suffering could lead young boys to develop a discourse that overshadows the question of their death, or in contrast magnifies it in a rewarding stage from which they pride themselves. The fear of being isolated or rejected seems almost insurmountable for the boys interviewed. The fear of the judgment of peers or the family is mixed with the imperative to face the problem by oneself and reinforces the feeling of isolation in a retroactive loop. The story of the suicidal act can take a positive and enriching tone in the participant's stories. This only applies to adolescents with a history of suicidal gesture. The experience of acting out and its consequences seems to be integrated by the adolescent as elements which participate to a certain extent to the construction of their identity. This ameliorative feature can be compared to the hegemonic social models of masculinity. The sociological notion of gender identity makes it possible to think of this construction in a dynamic way and to propose adaptations of the caregivers' attitude during the first interviews with a suicidal teenager. During the first meetings, the caregiver should explore the adolescent's representations of the suicidal crisis in a neutral, self-interested, and unbiased way, including when the representations are disturbing or shocking for the caregiver. For example, when the patient values or glorifies suicidal behavior or when care is experienced as a sign of weakness and vulnerability. Respect of these proposals can indeed support weakened narcissistic foundations and favor encounter and alliance. This can only be done with the conviction that these representations are not frozen, but in construction, and that they can be secondarily mobilized in the therapeutic relationship. For that purpose, a work of elaboration on the representations of the masculinity will be able to lead the young person to reconsider his perception of care and suicidal behaviors. Reflexivity on the part of the caregiver about his own representations of masculinity seems necessary. CONCLUSION Therapeutic management must explore and respect the adolescent's representations of masculinity and then mobilize them to bring the young person to reconsider his perception of care and suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vivier
- Université Paris 13, UFR des Lettres, des sciences de l'homme et des sociétés unité transversale de recherche psychogenèse et psychopathologie, UTRPP EA4403, 93430 Villetaneuse, France.
| | - M-R Moro
- Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, PCPP, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807 Villejuif, France
| | - T Baubet
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807 Villejuif, France; Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), hôpital Avicenne, service de psychopathologie, université de Paris 13, 93009 Bobigny cedex, France; Centre national de ressources et de résilience (CNRR), 93009 Bobigny, France
| | - N Pionnie-Dax
- Établissement public de santé mentale ERASME, pôle de psychiatrie de l'enfant et l'adolescent, 92160 Antony, France
| | - S Grandclerc
- Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; Établissement public de santé mentale ERASME, pôle de psychiatrie de l'enfant et l'adolescent, 92160 Antony, France
| | - J Lachal
- Hôpital Cochin, Maison de Solenn, AP-HP, 75014 Paris, France; Université de Paris, PCPP, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, inserm, CESP, Team DevPsy, 94807 Villejuif, France
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15
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Begemann M, Seidel J, Poustka L, Ehrenreich H. Accumulated environmental risk in young refugees - A prospective evaluation. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 22:100345. [PMID: 32510048 PMCID: PMC7264975 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we reported a strong, disease-independent relationship between accumulated preadult environmental risks and violent aggression later in life. Risk factors were interchangeable, and migration was among the explored risks. Alarmed by these data, we assessed collected risk load in young 'healthy' refugees as a specific subgroup of current migration streams and evaluated first signals of behavioral abnormalities. METHODS In 9 German refugee centers, n = 133 young refugees, not previously in contact with the health system, were recruited, many of them unaccompanied minors. Risk factors experienced apart from migration/refuge were carefully assessed: Traumatic experiences before/during/after flight (including war, genocide, human trafficking, torture, murder, slavery, terrorist attacks), urbanicity, physical and sexual abuse, problematic alcohol and cannabis use (lifetime). Evaluation comprised physical exam and psychopathology screening. FINDINGS Refugees arrived in Germany via Eastern Mediterranean/Balkan route (34.6%), from Africa via Central Mediterranean route (39.1%), by plane (17.3%) or other routes, such as Western Mediterranean or Atlantic (9.0%). Flight reasons were war/expulsion (25.6%), persecution/threats to life (51.9%), economical/others (22.5%). On top of migration/refuge, 42.8% of subjects had ≥3 risk factors; only 4.5% of refugees had no additional risks. Global level of functioning and severity of psychopathology were strongly associated with number of accumulated risks (Jonckheere-Terpstra trend-test: p = 7.61 × 10-7 and p = 3.62 × 10-7, respectively). INTERPRETATION Young refugees, arriving in hosting countries with alarming 'risk burden', should be considered as highly vulnerable towards development of global functional deficits, behavioral abnormalities, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Rapid proactive integration or sustainable support of those who will return to rebuild their countries are mandatory. FUNDING The Max Planck Society supported this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Seidel
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Luise Poustka
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hannelore Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
- Corresponding author.
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16
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Duinhof EL, Smid SC, Vollebergh WAM, Stevens GWJM. Immigration background and adolescent mental health problems: the role of family affluence, adolescent educational level and gender. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:435-445. [PMID: 31932903 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01821-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE European studies demonstrated that immigrant adolescents are at a higher risk for mental health problems than native adolescents, but little is known about the role of socioeconomic status (SES) and gender in this association. This study examined to what extent differences in the mental health problems of non-western immigrant and native Dutch adolescents were explained by adolescents' family affluence and educational level and differed with the adolescents' family affluence, educational level, and gender. METHODS Adolescents in a Dutch nationally representative sample of 11-16-year old native Dutch (n = 5283) and non-western immigrants (n = 1054) reported on their family affluence, own educational level, conduct problems, emotional symptoms, peer relationship problems, and hyperactivity-inattention problems. RESULTS Non-western immigrant adolescents were at a higher risk for conduct problems and peer relationship problems than native Dutch adolescents, but family affluence and educational level explained only a very small proportion of these differences. With two exceptions, differences in the mental health problems of non-western immigrants and natives were highly comparable for different family affluence levels, educational levels, and for boys and girls. Only for natives, a higher family SES was related to less conduct problems. Furthermore, only for non-western immigrants a high family SES related to more hyperactivity-inattention problems. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate that the association between immigration background and adolescent mental health problems is largely independent of SES and gender. Future studies should include other factors to facilitate our understanding of the association between immigration background and adolescent mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Duinhof
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - S C Smid
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - W A M Vollebergh
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - G W J M Stevens
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80.140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Mental Health Problems Among Adolescents in Sweden from 1995 to 2011: The Role of Immigrant Status and the Proportions of Immigrant Adolescents in Their Surrounding Community. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 22:232-239. [PMID: 31828484 PMCID: PMC7066274 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-019-00951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We compared the mental health of native and immigrant adolescents in Sweden from 1995 to 2011 and examined whether the municipality-level proportion of immigrant adolescents moderated the association between individual-level immigrant status and mental health. The sample (14,189 adolescents aged 15-16) was obtained from a repeated cross-sectional study conducted from 1995 to 2011. Adolescent self-report data (gender, immigrant status, economic situation, and mental health) and municipality-level data (proportion of immigrant adolescents) were used in multilevel linear regression analyses. Immigrant adolescents reported more mental health problems than their native Swedish peers. The long-term trend in mental health problems did not differ between the two groups. The association between individual immigrant status and mental health did not differ according to the municipality-level rate of immigrant adolescents. These findings highlight the need for public health attention to and efforts to address immigrant adolescents' mental health problems in Sweden.
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18
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Reiner RC, Olsen HE, Ikeda CT, Echko MM, Ballestreros KE, Manguerra H, Martopullo I, Millear A, Shields C, Smith A, Strub B, Abebe M, Abebe Z, Adhena BM, Adhikari TB, Akibu M, Al-Raddadi RM, Alvis-Guzman N, Antonio CAT, Aremu O, Asgedom SW, Asseffa NA, Avila-Burgos L, Barac A, Bärnighausen TW, Bassat Q, Bensenor IM, Bhutta ZA, Bijani A, Bililign N, Cahuana-Hurtado L, Malta DC, Chang JC, Charlson FJ, Dharmaratne SD, Doku DT, Edessa D, El-Khatib Z, Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Fullman N, Gupta R, Hassen HY, Hay SI, Ilesanmi OS, Jacobsen KH, Kahsay A, Kasaeian A, Kassa TD, Kebede S, Khader YS, Khan EA, Khan MN, Khang YH, Khubchandani J, Kinfu Y, Kochhar S, Kokubo Y, Koyanagi A, Defo BK, Lal DK, Kumsa FA, Larson HJ, Leung J, Mamun AA, Mehata S, Melku M, Mendoza W, Mezgebe HB, Miller TR, Moges NA, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Neupane S, Nguyen HLT, Ningrum DNA, Nirayo YL, Nong VM, Ogbo FA, Olagunju AT, Olusanya BO, Olusanya JO, Patton GC, Pereira DM, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rafay A, Rai RK, Ram U, Ranabhat CL, Renzaho AMN, Rezai MS, Ronfani L, Roth GA, Safiri S, Sartorius B, Scott JG, Shackelford KA, Sliwa K, Sreeramareddy C, Sufiyan MB, Terkawi AS, Topor-Madry R, Tran BX, Ukwaja KN, Uthman OA, Vollset SE, Weldegwergs KG, Werdecker A, Whiteford HA, Wijeratne T, Yonemoto N, Yotebieng M, Zuhlke LJ, Kyu HH, Naghavi M, Vos T, Murray CJL, Kassebaum NJ. Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in Child and Adolescent Health, 1990 to 2017: Findings From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2017 Study. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:e190337. [PMID: 31034019 PMCID: PMC6547084 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Understanding causes and correlates of health loss among children and adolescents can identify areas of success, stagnation, and emerging threats and thereby facilitate effective improvement strategies. OBJECTIVE To estimate mortality and morbidity in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2017 by age and sex in 195 countries and territories. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study examined levels, trends, and spatiotemporal patterns of cause-specific mortality and nonfatal health outcomes using standardized approaches to data processing and statistical analysis. It also describes epidemiologic transitions by evaluating historical associations between disease indicators and the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and fertility. Data collected from 1990 to 2017 on children and adolescents from birth through 19 years of age in 195 countries and territories were assessed. Data analysis occurred from January 2018 to August 2018. EXPOSURES Being under the age of 20 years between 1990 and 2017. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Death and disability. All-cause and cause-specific deaths, disability-adjusted life years, years of life lost, and years of life lived with disability. RESULTS Child and adolescent deaths decreased 51.7% from 13.77 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 13.60-13.93 million) in 1990 to 6.64 million (95% UI, 6.44-6.87 million) in 2017, but in 2017, aggregate disability increased 4.7% to a total of 145 million (95% UI, 107-190 million) years lived with disability globally. Progress was uneven, and inequity increased, with low-SDI and low-middle-SDI locations experiencing 82.2% (95% UI, 81.6%-82.9%) of deaths, up from 70.9% (95% UI, 70.4%-71.4%) in 1990. The leading disaggregated causes of disability-adjusted life years in 2017 in the low-SDI quintile were neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections, diarrhea, malaria, and congenital birth defects, whereas neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, headache, dermatitis, and anxiety were highest-ranked in the high-SDI quintile. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Mortality reductions over this 27-year period mean that children are more likely than ever to reach their 20th birthdays. The concomitant expansion of nonfatal health loss and epidemiological transition in children and adolescents, especially in low-SDI and middle-SDI countries, has the potential to increase already overburdened health systems, will affect the human capital potential of societies, and may influence the trajectory of socioeconomic development. Continued monitoring of child and adolescent health loss is crucial to sustain the progress of the past 27 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert C. Reiner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | | | | | - Helen Manguerra
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ira Martopullo
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anoushka Millear
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chloe Shields
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Alison Smith
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bryan Strub
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Molla Abebe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zegeye Abebe
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Tara Ballav Adhikari
- Nepal Health Research Environment, Center for Social Science and Public Health Research Nepal, Lalitpur, Nepal
- Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Mohammed Akibu
- Department of Midwifery, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nelson Alvis-Guzman
- Research Group on Health Economics, University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
- Research Group on Hospital Management and Health Policies, University of the Coast, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Carl Abelardo T. Antonio
- Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Olatunde Aremu
- School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Leticia Avila-Burgos
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Aleksandra Barac
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Till W. Bärnighausen
- Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Quique Bassat
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Manhiça Health Research Center, Manhiça, Mozambique
| | | | - Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
- The Centre for Global Child Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ali Bijani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Deborah Carvalho Malta
- Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jung-Chen Chang
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fiona J. Charlson
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Samath Dhamminda Dharmaratne
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - David Teye Doku
- Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Dumessa Edessa
- School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Ziad El-Khatib
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Holly E. Erskine
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alize J. Ferrari
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nancy Fullman
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rahul Gupta
- West Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston, West Virginia
- Department of Health Policy, Management, and Leadership, West Virginia University, Morgantown
| | - Hamid Yimam Hassen
- Public Health Department, Mizan-Tepi University, Teppi, Ethiopia
- Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Simon I. Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Kathryn H. Jacobsen
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Amaha Kahsay
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Amir Kasaeian
- Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seifu Kebede
- Midwifery Program, Salale University, Fiche, Ethiopia
| | - Yousef Saleh Khader
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan
| | - Ejaz Ahmad Khan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammed Nuruzzaman Khan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Population Sciences, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Young-Ho Khang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jagdish Khubchandani
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Yohannes Kinfu
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sonali Kochhar
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Department of Preventive Cardiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona
| | - Barthelemy Kuate Defo
- Department of Demography, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Fekede Asefa Kumsa
- Center for Midwifery, Child, and Family Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Heidi J. Larson
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janni Leung
- Center for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abdullah A. Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Suresh Mehata
- Research, Monitoring, and Evaluation, Ipas Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Mulugeta Melku
- Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Walter Mendoza
- Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Ted R. Miller
- Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Shafiu Mohammed
- Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Ali H. Mokdad
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Lorenzo Monasta
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - Subas Neupane
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | | | - Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum
- Department of Public Health Science, State University of Semarang, Kota Semarang, Indonesia
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Vuong Minh Nong
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Felix Akpojene Ogbo
- Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew T. Olagunju
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | | | - George C. Patton
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Population Health Group, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David M. Pereira
- Rede de Química e Tecnologia/Laboratório Asociado do Química Verde, University of Porto, Oporto, Portugal
- Cartagena University, Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Farshad Pourmalek
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Anwar Rafay
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Contech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rajesh Kumar Rai
- Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, India
- Department of Economics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Usha Ram
- Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Chhabi Lal Ranabhat
- Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Andre M. N. Renzaho
- School of Social Sciences and Psychology, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Luca Ronfani
- Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gregory A. Roth
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Benn Sartorius
- Department of Public Health Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - James G. Scott
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
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- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Syrian Expatriate Medical Association, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Roman Topor-Madry
- Institute for Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Olalekan A. Uthman
- Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Stein Emil Vollset
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Andrea Werdecker
- Demographic Change and Ageing Research Area, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
- Independent Consultant, Staufenberg, Germany
| | - Harvey A. Whiteford
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
- The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tissa Wijeratne
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naohiro Yonemoto
- Department of Psychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marcel Yotebieng
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus
- School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Liesl J. Zuhlke
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Hmwe Hmwe Kyu
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Mohsen Naghavi
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Theo Vos
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Christopher J. L. Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Nicholas J. Kassebaum
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
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Petti TA, Chen A. Young migrant mental health difficulties and suicidal behaviours: an alternative perspective. BJPsych Open 2019; 5:e39. [PMID: 31621556 PMCID: PMC6520527 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2019.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryThe Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE) study brings attention to the special needs of adolescent migrants. Alternative data analyses could lead to improved service delivery and requisite education/training of health and mental health personnel. We advocate earlier identification by using SEYLE data to shape policy about youth suicidal behaviour and ideation in prevention efforts.Declaration of interestNone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore A Petti
- Professor of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | - Andrew Chen
- Resident in Psychiatry, Stony Brook University Hospital, USA
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Kaeser D, Guerra R, Keidar O, Lanz U, Moses M, Kobel C, Exadaktylos AK, Ricklin ME. Verbal and Non-Verbal Aggression in a Swiss University Emergency Room: A Descriptive Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071423. [PMID: 29986402 PMCID: PMC6069438 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence (WPV) by patients and visitors is a hazard in many emergency departments (ED), with serious consequences for both staff and patients. Patients with a migratory background seem to be prone to being involved in WPV. We therefore reviewed all reports of ED staff who experienced WPV over a 4-year period (2013–2016). We analyzed data on the reasons for the incident, the time of day, the manner of violence, the consequences, and the migratory background of the aggressor. In total, 83 cases of WPV were reported over a four-year period. The average age of the violent person was 33.1 years; in 35 cases (42.0%), aggressors were younger than 30 years old, 53 (63.8%) were male, 49 (59%) were of Swiss nationality, and 35–40% had a migratory background. The odds ratio of people originating from a low- to middle-income country versus those originating from a high-income country was 1.8. Furthermore, 45.8% of the patients arrived by ambulance (n = 38) and 19 patients (22.9%) were self-presenting. Most cases (92.8%) involved verbal aggression, but in more than half of the cases, physical assault (56.6%) was also reported. In addition, 43 (51.8%) of the events occurred during the night. Results also showed that 42 (50.6%) of patients who were involved in WPV were under the influence of alcohol and 29 (34.9%) suffered from psychiatric disorders. Security personnel and police were involved in 53 (63.9%) and 47 (56.6%) cases, respectively. Twenty patients (24.1%) were sedated and 16 (19.3%) were restrained. In 18 cases (21.7%), the psychiatrist ordered compulsory hospitalization in a psychiatric institution. Taken together, WPV is a relatively common event in our ED and persons with a migratory background are involved more often relative to their frequency of ED visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Kaeser
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Rebekka Guerra
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Osnat Keidar
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Urs Lanz
- Security Service, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Moses
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Christian Kobel
- Legal service, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Aristomenis K Exadaktylos
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Meret E Ricklin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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