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Murate M, Yokoyama N, Tomishige N, Richert L, Humbert N, Pollet B, Makino A, Kono N, Mauri L, Aoki J, Sako Y, Sonnino S, Komura N, Ando H, Kaneko MK, Kato Y, Inamori KI, Inokuchi JI, Mély Y, Iwabuchi K, Kobayashi T. Cell density-dependent membrane distribution of ganglioside GM3 in melanoma cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:167. [PMID: 37249637 PMCID: PMC11073213 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Monosialoganglioside GM3 is the simplest ganglioside involved in various cellular signaling. Cell surface distribution of GM3 is thought to be crucial for the function of GM3, but little is known about the cell surface GM3 distribution. It was shown that anti-GM3 monoclonal antibody binds to GM3 in sparse but not in confluent melanoma cells. Our model membrane study evidenced that monoclonal anti-GM3 antibodies showed stronger binding when GM3 was in less fluid membrane environment. Studies using fluorescent GM3 analogs suggested that GM3 was clustered in less fluid membrane. Moreover, fluorescent lifetime measurement showed that cell surface of high density melanoma cells is more fluid than that of low density cells. Lipidomics and fatty acid supplementation experiment suggested that monounsaturated fatty acid-containing phosphatidylcholine contributed to the cell density-dependent membrane fluidity. Our results indicate that anti-GM3 antibody senses GM3 clustering and the number and/or size of GM3 cluster differ between sparse and confluent melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohide Murate
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France.
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Noriko Yokoyama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Nario Tomishige
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ludovic Richert
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Nicolas Humbert
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Brigitte Pollet
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Asami Makino
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasushi Sako
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sandro Sonnino
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Naoko Komura
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mika K Kaneko
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Inamori
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, 981-8558, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yves Mély
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender-Specific Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan.
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021, CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401, Illkirch, France.
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN CPR, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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2
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Wang W, Li T, Li Z, Wang H, Liu X. Differential lipidomics of HK-2 cells and exosomes under high glucose stimulation. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:393-401. [PMID: 35165524 PMCID: PMC8795806 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.67326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal cellular lipid metabolism has a very important role in the occurrence and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the lipid composition and differential expression by high glucose stimulation of renal tubular cells and their exosomes, which is a vital part of the development of DKD, are largely unknown. In this study, based on targeted lipid analysis by isotope labeling and tandem mass spectrometry, a total of 421 and 218 lipid species were quantified in HK-2 cells and exosomes, respectively. More importantly, results showed that GM3 d18:1/22:0, GM3 d18:1/16:0, GM3 d18:0/16:0, GM3 d18:1/22:1 were significantly increased, while LPE18:1, LPE, CL66:4 (16:1), BMP36:3, CL70:7 (16:1), CL74:8 (16:1) were significantly decreased in high glucose-stimulated HK-2 cells. Also, PG36:1, FFA22:5, PC38:3, SM d18:1/16:1, CE-16:1, CE-18:3, CE-20:5, and CE-22:6 were significantly increased, while GM3 d18:1/24:1, GM3 were significantly decreased in exosomes secreted by high glucose-stimulated HK-2 cells. Furthermore, TAG, PC, CL were decreased significantly in the exosomes comparing with the HK-2 cells, and LPA18:2, LPI22:5, PG32:2, FFA16:1, GM3 d18:1/18:1, GM3 d18:1/20:1, GM3 d18:0/20:0, PC40:6p, TAG52:1(18:1), TAG52:0(18:0), CE-20:5, CE-20:4, CE-22:6 were only found in exosomes. In addition, the expression of PI4P in HK-2 cells decreased under a high glucose state. These data may be useful to provide new targets for exploring the mechanisms of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China, 110001
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China, 110001
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China, 110001
| | - Hongmiao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China, 110001
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, P.R. China, 110001
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3
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Abstract
Morphological transitions are typically attributed to the actions of proteins and lipids. Largely overlooked in membrane shape regulation is the glycocalyx, a pericellular membrane coat that resides on all cells in the human body. Comprised of complex sugar polymers known as glycans as well as glycosylated lipids and proteins, the glycocalyx is ideally positioned to impart forces on the plasma membrane. Large, unstructured polysaccharides and glycoproteins in the glycocalyx can generate crowding pressures strong enough to induce membrane curvature. Stress may also originate from glycan chains that convey curvature preference on asymmetrically distributed lipids, which are exploited by binding factors and infectious agents to induce morphological changes. Through such forces, the glycocalyx can have profound effects on the biogenesis of functional cell surface structures as well as the secretion of extracellular vesicles. In this review, we discuss recent evidence and examples of these mechanisms in normal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Chin-Hun Kuo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; ,
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; , .,Field of Biomedical Engineering and Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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4
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Hou B, He P, Ma P, Yang X, Xu C, Lam SM, Shui G, Yang X, Zhang L, Qiang G, Du G. Comprehensive Lipidome Profiling of the Kidney in Early-Stage Diabetic Nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:359. [PMID: 32655493 PMCID: PMC7325916 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic changes associated with diabetes are reported to lead to the onset of early-stage diabetic nephropathy (DN). Furthermore, lipotoxicity is implicated in renal dysfunction. Most studies of DN have focused on a single or limited number of lipids, and the lipidome of the kidney during early-stage DN remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to comprehensively identify lipid abnormalities during early-stage DN; to this end, we established an early-stage DN rat model by feeding a high-sucrose and high-fat diet combined with administration of low-dose streptozotocin. Using a high-coverage, targeted lipidomic approach, we established the lipid profile, comprising 437 lipid species and 25 lipid classes, of the kidney cortex in normal rats and the DN rat model. Our findings additionally confirmed that the DN rat model had been successfully established. We observed distinct lipidomic signatures in the DN kidney, with characteristic alterations in side chain composition and degree of unsaturation. Glyceride lipids, especially cholesteryl esters, showed a significant increase in the DN kidney cortex. The levels of most phospholipids exhibited a decline, except those of phospholipids with side chain of 36:1. Furthermore, the levels of lyso-phospholipids and sphingolipids, including ceramide and its derivatives, were dramatically elevated in the present DN rat model. Our findings, which provide a comprehensive lipidome of the kidney cortex in rats with DN, are expected to be useful for the identification of pathologically relevant lipid species in DN. Furthermore, the results represent novel insights into the mechanistic basis of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target, Screening Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target, Screening Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target, Screening Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target, Screening Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyang Xu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target, Screening Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target, Screening Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guifen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target, Screening Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target, Screening Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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5
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Kaiser F, Huebecker M, Wachten D. Sphingolipids controlling ciliary and microvillar function. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3652-3667. [PMID: 32415987 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cilia and microvilli are membrane protrusions that extend from the surface of many different mammalian cell types. Motile cilia or flagella are only found on specialized cells, where they control cell movement or the generation of fluid flow, whereas immotile primary cilia protrude from the surface of almost every mammalian cell to detect and transduce extracellular signals. Despite these differences, all cilia consist of a microtubule core called the axoneme. Microvilli instead contain bundled linear actin filaments and are mainly localized on epithelial cells, where they modulate the absorption of nutrients. Cilia and microvilli constitute subcellular compartments with distinctive lipid and protein repertoires and specialized functions. Here, we summarize the role of sphingolipids in defining the identity and controlling the function of cilia and microvilli in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Kaiser
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Mylene Huebecker
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Biophysical Imaging, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Germany
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6
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Ao M, Wang K, Zhou X, Chen G, Zhou Y, Wei B, Shao W, Huang J, Liao H, Wang Z, Sun Y, Zeng S, Chen Y. Exogenous GM3 ganglioside inhibits atherosclerosis via multiple steps: A potential atheroprotective drug. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104445. [PMID: 31526872 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A significant increase in ganglioside GM3 content generally happens in atherosclerotic plaques causing a GM3-enriched microenvironment. It remains unclear whether the GM3-enriched microenvironment influences atherogenesis. This study sought to answer the question by investigating exogenous GM3 effects on multiple steps involved in atherogenesis. First, the physicochemical properties of native low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and LDL enriched with exogenous GM3 (GM3-LDL) were characterized by dynamic laser scattering, atomic force microscopy, and agarose gel electrophoresis. Then, electrophoretic mobility, conjugated diene and malondialdehyde production, and amino group blockage of GM3-LDL/LDL were measured to determine LDL oxidation degrees and cellular recognition/internalization of GM3-LDL/GM3-oxLDL were detected via confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Subsequently, influences of exogenous GM3 addition on the monocyte-adhering ability of endothelial cells and on lipid deposition in macrophages were investigated. Finally, exogenous GM3 effect on atherogenesis was evaluated using apoE-/- mice fed a high-fat diet. We found that exogenous GM3 addition increased the size, charge, and stability of LDL particles, reduced LDL susceptibility to oxidation and its cellular recognition/internalization, impaired the monocyte-adhering ability of endothelial cells and lipid deposition in macrophages. Moreover, exogenous GM3 treatment also significantly decreased blood lipid levels and atherosclerotic lesion areas in atherosclerotic mice. The data imply that exogenous GM3 had an inhibitory effect on atherogenesis, suggesting a protective role of a GM3-enriched microenvironment in atherosclerotic plaques and implying a possibility of exogenous GM3 as an anti-atherosclerotic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiying Ao
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330025, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Xing Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Guo Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Yun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Bo Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Wenxiang Shao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330025, PR China
| | - Jie Huang
- Jiujiang Third People's Hospital, Jiujiang, Jiangxi 332000, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Zhexuan Wang
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China
| | - Sufen Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330025, PR China
| | - Yong Chen
- Nanoscale Science and Technology Laboratory, Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, PR China.
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7
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Kraft ML. Sphingolipid Organization in the Plasma Membrane and the Mechanisms That Influence It. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 4:154. [PMID: 28119913 PMCID: PMC5222807 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are structural components in the plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells. Their metabolism produces bioactive signaling molecules that modulate fundamental cellular processes. The segregation of sphingolipids into distinct membrane domains is likely essential for cellular function. This review presents the early studies of sphingolipid distribution in the plasma membranes of mammalian cells that shaped the most popular current model of plasma membrane organization. The results of traditional imaging studies of sphingolipid distribution in stimulated and resting cells are described. These data are compared with recent results obtained with advanced imaging techniques, including super-resolution fluorescence detection and high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Emphasis is placed on the new insight into the sphingolipid organization within the plasma membrane that has resulted from the direct imaging of stable isotope-labeled lipids in actual cell membranes with high-resolution SIMS. Super-resolution fluorescence techniques have recently revealed the biophysical behaviors of sphingolipids and the unhindered diffusion of cholesterol analogs in the membranes of living cells are ultimately in contrast to the prevailing hypothetical model of plasma membrane organization. High-resolution SIMS studies also conflicted with the prevailing hypothesis, showing sphingolipids are concentrated in micrometer-scale membrane domains, but cholesterol is evenly distributed within the plasma membrane. Reductions in cellular cholesterol decreased the number of sphingolipid domains in the plasma membrane, whereas disruption of the cytoskeleton eliminated them. In addition, hemagglutinin, a transmembrane protein that is thought to be a putative raft marker, did not cluster within sphingolipid-enriched regions in the plasma membrane. Thus, sphingolipid distribution in the plasma membrane is dependent on the cytoskeleton, but not on favorable interactions with cholesterol or hemagglutinin. The alternate views of plasma membrane organization suggested by these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Kraft
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana, IL, USA
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8
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Martynenko IV, Litvin AP, Purcell-Milton F, Baranov AV, Fedorov AV, Gun'ko YK. Application of semiconductor quantum dots in bioimaging and biosensing. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:6701-6727. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01425b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this review we present new concepts and recent progress in the application of semiconductor quantum dots (QD) as labels in two important areas of biology, bioimaging and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. V. Martynenko
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing
- 12489 Berlin
- Germany
- ITMO University
- St. Petersburg
| | | | | | | | | | - Y. K. Gun'ko
- ITMO University
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
- School of Chemistry and CRANN
- Trinity College Dublin
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9
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Bernardino de la Serna J, Schütz GJ, Eggeling C, Cebecauer M. There Is No Simple Model of the Plasma Membrane Organization. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:106. [PMID: 27747212 PMCID: PMC5040727 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ever since technologies enabled the characterization of eukaryotic plasma membranes, heterogeneities in the distributions of its constituents were observed. Over the years this led to the proposal of various models describing the plasma membrane organization such as lipid shells, picket-and-fences, lipid rafts, or protein islands, as addressed in numerous publications and reviews. Instead of emphasizing on one model we in this review give a brief overview over current models and highlight how current experimental work in one or the other way do not support the existence of a single overarching model. Instead, we highlight the vast variety of membrane properties and components, their influences and impacts. We believe that highlighting such controversial discoveries will stimulate unbiased research on plasma membrane organization and functionality, leading to a better understanding of this essential cellular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Bernardino de la Serna
- Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell Harwell, UK
| | - Gerhard J Schütz
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Wien Wien, Austria
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford Headley Way, UK
| | - Marek Cebecauer
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, J.Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Eich C, Manzo C, de Keijzer S, Bakker GJ, Reinieren-Beeren I, García-Parajo MF, Cambi A. Changes in membrane sphingolipid composition modulate dynamics and adhesion of integrin nanoclusters. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20693. [PMID: 26869100 PMCID: PMC4751618 DOI: 10.1038/srep20693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are essential constituents of the plasma membrane (PM) and play an important role in signal transduction by modulating clustering and dynamics of membrane receptors. Changes in lipid composition are therefore likely to influence receptor organisation and function, but how this precisely occurs is difficult to address given the intricacy of the PM lipid-network. Here, we combined biochemical assays and single molecule dynamic approaches to demonstrate that the local lipid environment regulates adhesion of integrin receptors by impacting on their lateral mobility. Induction of sphingomyelinase (SMase) activity reduced sphingomyelin (SM) levels by conversion to ceramide (Cer), resulting in impaired integrin adhesion and reduced integrin mobility. Dual-colour imaging of cortical actin in combination with single molecule tracking of integrins showed that this reduced mobility results from increased coupling to the actin cytoskeleton brought about by Cer formation. As such, our data emphasizes a critical role for the PM local lipid composition in regulating the lateral mobility of integrins and their ability to dynamically increase receptor density for efficient ligand binding in the process of cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Eich
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbox 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Manzo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Sandra de Keijzer
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbox 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Bakker
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbox 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Reinieren-Beeren
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbox 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria F García-Parajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, Mediterranean Technology Park, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain.,ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Postbox 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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11
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Carquin M, D'Auria L, Pollet H, Bongarzone ER, Tyteca D. Recent progress on lipid lateral heterogeneity in plasma membranes: From rafts to submicrometric domains. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 62:1-24. [PMID: 26738447 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The concept of transient nanometric domains known as lipid rafts has brought interest to reassess the validity of the Singer-Nicolson model of a fluid bilayer for cell membranes. However, this new view is still insufficient to explain the cellular control of surface lipid diversity or membrane deformability. During the past decades, the hypothesis that some lipids form large (submicrometric/mesoscale vs nanometric rafts) and stable (>min vs s) membrane domains has emerged, largely based on indirect methods. Morphological evidence for stable submicrometric lipid domains, well-accepted for artificial and highly specialized biological membranes, was further reported for a variety of living cells from prokaryot es to yeast and mammalian cells. However, results remained questioned based on limitations of available fluorescent tools, use of poor lipid fixatives, and imaging artifacts due to non-resolved membrane projections. In this review, we will discuss recent evidence generated using powerful and innovative approaches such as lipid-specific toxin fragments that support the existence of submicrometric domains. We will integrate documented mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of these domains, and provide a perspective on their relevance on membrane deformability and regulation of membrane protein distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Carquin
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ludovic D'Auria
- The Myelin Regeneration Group at the Dept. Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, 808 S. Wood St. MC512, Chicago, IL. 60612. USA
| | - Hélène Pollet
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- The Myelin Regeneration Group at the Dept. Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, 808 S. Wood St. MC512, Chicago, IL. 60612. USA
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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12
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Fan J, Lu X, Liu S, Zhong L. Nanoscale Relationship Between CD4 and CD25 of T Cells Visualized with NSOM/QD-Based Dual-Color Imaging System. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:419. [PMID: 26497734 PMCID: PMC4621973 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, by using of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM)/immune-labeling quantum dot (QD)-based dual-color imaging system, we achieved the direct visualization of nanoscale profiles for distribution and organization of CD4 and CD25 molecules in T cells. A novel and interesting finding was that though CD25 clustering as nanodomains were observed on the surface of CD4(+)CD25(high) regulatory T cells, these CD25 nanodomains were not co-localized with CD4 nanodomains. This result presented that the formation of these CD25 nanodomains on the surface of CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells were not associated with the response of T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3-dependent signal transduction. In contrast, on the surface of CD4(+)CD25(low) T cells, CD25 molecules distributed randomly without forming nanodomains while CD4 clustering as nanodomains can be observed; on the surface of CD8(+)CD25(+) T cells, CD25 clustering as nanodomains and co-localization with CD8 nanodomains were observed. Collectively, above these results exhibited that TCR/CD3-based microdomains were indeed required for TCR/CD3-mediated T cells activation and enhanced the immune activity of CD4(+)CD25(low) T cells or CD8(+)CD25(+) T cells. In particular, it was found that the formation of CD25 nanodomains and their segregation from TCR/CD3 microdomains were the intrinsic capability of CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells, suggesting this specific imaging feature of CD25 should be greatly associated with the regulatory activity of CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells. Importantly, this novel NSOM/QD-based dual-color imaging system will provide a useful tool for the research of distribution-function relationship of cell-surface molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxu Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengde Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyun Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Abstract
The local structure and composition of the outer membrane of an animal cell are important factors in the control of many membrane processes and mechanisms. These include signaling, sorting, and exo- and endocytic processes that are occurring all the time in a living cell. Paradoxically, not only are the local structure and composition of the membrane matters of much debate and discussion, the mechanisms that govern its genesis remain highly controversial. Here, we discuss a swathe of new technological advances that may be applied to understand the local structure and composition of the membrane of a living cell from the molecular scale to the scale of the whole membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S van Zanten
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Satyajit Mayor
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (TIFR), Bellary Road, Bangalore, 560065, India
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14
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van Gestel RA, Brouwers JF, Ultee A, Helms JB, Gadella BM. Ultrastructure and lipid composition of detergent-resistant membranes derived from mammalian sperm and two types of epithelial cells. Cell Tissue Res 2015; 363:129-145. [PMID: 26378009 PMCID: PMC4700079 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-015-2272-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid rafts are micro-domains of ordered lipids (Lo phase) in biological membranes. The Lo phase of cellular membranes can be isolated from disordered lipids (Ld phase) after treatment with 1 % Triton X-100 at 4 °C in which the Lo phase forms the detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) fraction. The lipid composition of DRM derived from Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, McArdle cells and porcine sperm is compared with that of the whole cell. Remarkably, the unsaturation and chain length degree of aliphatic chains attached to phospholipids is virtually the same between DRM and whole cells. Cholesterol and sphingomyelin were enriched in DRMs but to a cell-specific molar ratio. Sulfatides (sphingolipids from MDCK cells) were enriched in the DRM while a seminolipid (an alkylacylglycerolipid from sperm) was depleted from the DRM. Treatment with <5 mM methyl-ß-cyclodextrin (MBCD) caused cholesterol removal from the DRM without affecting the composition and amount of the phospholipid while higher levels disrupted the DRM. The substantial amount of (poly)unsaturated phospholipids in DRMs as well as a low stoichiometric amount of cholesterol suggest that lipid rafts in biological membranes are more fluid and dynamic than previously anticipated. Using negative staining, ultrastructural features of DRM were monitored and in all three cell types the DRMs appeared as multi-lamellar vesicular structures with a similar morphology. The detergent resistance is a result of protein–cholesterol and sphingolipid interactions allowing a relatively passive attraction of phospholipids to maintain the Lo phase. For this special issue, the relevance of our findings is discussed in a sperm physiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske A van Gestel
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos F Brouwers
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Ultee
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart M Gadella
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Sugawara Y, Iwamori M, Matsumura T, Yutani M, Amatsu S, Fujinaga Y. Clostridium botulinum type C hemagglutinin affects the morphology and viability of cultured mammalian cells via binding to the ganglioside GM3. FEBS J 2015; 282:3334-47. [PMID: 26077172 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxin is conventionally divided into seven serotypes, designated A-G, and is produced as large protein complexes through associations with non-toxic components, such as hemagglutinin (HA) and non-toxic non-HA. These non-toxic proteins dramatically enhance the oral toxicity of the toxin complex. HA is considered to have a role in toxin transport through the intestinal epithelium by carbohydrate binding and epithelial barrier-disrupting activity. Type A and B HAs disrupt E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion, and, in turn, the intercellular epithelial barrier. Type C HA (HA/C) disrupts the barrier function by affecting cell morphology and viability, the mechanism of which remains unknown. In this study, we identified GM3 as the target molecule of HA/C. We found that sialic acid binding of HA is essential for the activity. It was abolished when cells were pre-treated with an inhibitor of ganglioside synthesis. Consistent with this, HA/C bound to a-series gangliosides in a glycan array. In parallel, we isolated clones resistant to HA/C activity from a susceptible mouse fibroblast strain. These cells lacked expression of ST-I, the enzyme that transfers sialic acid to lactosylceramide to yield GM3. These clones became sensitive to HA/C activity when GM3 was expressed by transfection with the ST-I gene. The sensitivity of fibroblasts to HA/C was reduced by expressing ganglioside synthesis genes whose products utilize GM3 as a substrate and consequently generate other a-series gangliosides, suggesting a GM3-specific mechanism. Our results demonstrate that HA/C affects cells in a GM3-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Sugawara
- Laboratory of Infection Cell Biology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masao Iwamori
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kinki University, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Matsumura
- Laboratory of Infection Cell Biology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yutani
- Laboratory of Infection Cell Biology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Sho Amatsu
- Laboratory of Infection Cell Biology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yukako Fujinaga
- Laboratory of Infection Cell Biology, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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16
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Migration mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells studied by QD/NSOM. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:859-68. [PMID: 25534714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plays a key role in tumor-targeted delivery vehicles and tumor-related stroma formation. However, there so far has been no report on the distribution of cell surface molecules during the VEGF-induced migration of MSCs. Here, we have utilized near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) combined with fluorescent quantum dot (QD)-based nano-technology to capture the functional relationship between CD44 and CD29 adhesion molecules on MSCs and the effect of their spatial rearrangements. Before VEGF-induced migration of MSCs, both CD44 and CD29 formed 200-220 nm nano-domains respectively, with little co-localization between the two types of domains. Surprisingly, the size of the CD44 nano-domain rapidly increased in size to 295 nm and apparently larger aggregates were formed following MSC treatment with VEGF for 10 min, while the area of co-localization increased to 0.327 μm2. Compared with CD44, CD29 was activated obviously later, for the fact that CD29 aggregation didn't appear until 30 min after VEGF treatment. Consistently, its co-localization area increased to 0.917 μm2. The CD44 and CD29 nano-domains further aggregated into larger nano-domains or even formed micro-domains on the membrane of activated MSCs. The aggregation and co-localization of these molecules promoted FAK formation and cytoskeleton rearrangement. All of the above changes induced by VEGF contributed to MSC migration. Taken together, our data of NSOM-based dual color fluorescent imaging demonstrated for the first time that CD44, together with CD29, involved in VEGF-induced migration of MSCs through the interaction between CD44 and its co-receptor of VEGFR-2.
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Margheri F, Papucci L, Schiavone N, D'Agostino R, Trigari S, Serratì S, Laurenzana A, Biagioni A, Luciani C, Chillà A, Andreucci E, Del Rosso T, Margheri G, Del Rosso M, Fibbi G. Differential uPAR recruitment in caveolar-lipid rafts by GM1 and GM3 gangliosides regulates endothelial progenitor cells angiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:113-23. [PMID: 25313007 PMCID: PMC4288355 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides and the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) tipically partition in specialized membrane microdomains called lipid-rafts. uPAR becomes functionally important in fostering angiogenesis in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) upon recruitment in caveolar-lipid rafts. Moreover, cell membrane enrichment with exogenous GM1 ganglioside is pro-angiogenic and opposite to the activity of GM3 ganglioside. On these basis, we first checked the interaction of uPAR with membrane models enriched with GM1 or GM3, relying on the adoption of solid-supported mobile bilayer lipid membranes with raft-like composition formed onto solid hydrophilic surfaces, and evaluated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) the extent of uPAR recruitment. We estimated the apparent dissociation constants of uPAR-GM1/GM3 complexes. These preliminary observations, indicating that uPAR binds preferentially to GM1-enriched biomimetic membranes, were validated by identifying a pro-angiogenic activity of GM1-enriched EPCs, based on GM1-dependent uPAR recruitment in caveolar rafts. We have observed that addition of GM1 to EPCs culture medium promotes matrigel invasion and capillary morphogenesis, as opposed to the anti-angiogenesis activity of GM3. Moreover, GM1 also stimulates MAPKinases signalling pathways, typically associated with an angiogenesis program. Caveolar-raft isolation and Western blotting of uPAR showed that GM1 promotes caveolar-raft partitioning of uPAR, as opposed to control and GM3-challenged EPCs. By confocal microscopy, we have shown that in EPCs uPAR is present on the surface in at least three compartments, respectively, associated to GM1, GM3 and caveolar rafts. Following GM1 exogenous addition, the GM3 compartment is depleted of uPAR which is recruited within caveolar rafts thereby triggering angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Margheri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, Section of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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18
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Abstract
“Lipid raft” is the name given to the tiny, dynamic, and ordered domains of cholesterol and sphingolipids that are hypothesized to exist in the plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells. According to the lipid raft hypothesis, these cholesterol- and sphingolipid-enriched domains modulate the protein–protein interactions that are essential for cellular function. Indeed, many studies have shown that cellular levels of cholesterol and sphingolipids influence plasma membrane organization, cell signaling, and other important biological processes. Despite 15 years of research and the application of highly advanced imaging techniques, data that unambiguously demonstrate the existence of lipid rafts in mammalian cells are still lacking. This Perspective summarizes the results that challenge the lipid raft hypothesis and discusses alternative hypothetical models of plasma membrane organization and lipid-mediated cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary L Kraft
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801
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19
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Singh RD, Schroeder AS, Scheffer L, Holicky EL, Wheatley CL, Marks DL, Pagano RE. Prominin-2 expression increases protrusions, decreases caveolae and inhibits Cdc42 dependent fluid phase endocytosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 434:466-72. [PMID: 23583380 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Membrane protrusions play important roles in biological processes such as cell adhesion, wound healing, migration, and sensing of the external environment. Cell protrusions are a subtype of membrane microdomains composed of cholesterol and sphingolipids, and can be disrupted by cholesterol depletion. Prominins are pentaspan membrane proteins that bind cholesterol and localize to plasma membrane (PM) protrusions. Prominin-1 is of great interest as a marker for stem and cancer cells, while Prominin-2 (Prom2) is reportedly restricted to epithelial cells. AIM To characterize the effects of Prom-2 expression on PM microdomain organization. METHODS Prom2-fluorescent protein was transfected in human skin fibroblasts (HSF) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells for PM raft and endocytic studies. Caveolae at PM were visualized using transmission electron microscopy. Cdc42 activation was measured and caveolin-1 knockdown was performed using siRNAs. RESULTS Prom2 expression in HSF and CHO cells caused extensive Prom2-positive protrusions that co-localized with lipid raft markers. Prom2 expression significantly decreased caveolae at the PM, reduced caveolar endocytosis and increased caveolin-1 phosphorylation. Prom2 expression also inhibited Cdc42-dependent fluid phase endocytosis via decreased Cdc42 activation. Effects on endocytosis were reversed by addition of cholesterol. Knockdown of caveolin-1 by siRNA restored Cdc42 dependent fluid phase endocytosis in Prom2-expressing cells. CONCLUSIONS Prom2 protrusions primarily localize to lipid rafts and recruit cholesterol into protrusions and away from caveolae, leading to increased phosphorylation of caveolin-1, which inhibits Cdc42-dependent endocytosis. This study provides a new insight for the role for prominins in the regulation of PM lipid organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Deep Singh
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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20
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Direct chemical evidence for sphingolipid domains in the plasma membranes of fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:E613-22. [PMID: 23359681 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1216585110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids play important roles in plasma membrane structure and cell signaling. However, their lateral distribution in the plasma membrane is poorly understood. Here we quantitatively analyzed the sphingolipid organization on the entire dorsal surface of intact cells by mapping the distribution of (15)N-enriched ions from metabolically labeled (15)N-sphingolipids in the plasma membrane, using high-resolution imaging mass spectrometry. Many types of control experiments (internal, positive, negative, and fixation temperature), along with parallel experiments involving the imaging of fluorescent sphingolipids--both in living cells and during fixation of living cells--exclude potential artifacts. Micrometer-scale sphingolipid patches consisting of numerous (15)N-sphingolipid microdomains with mean diameters of ∼200 nm are always present in the plasma membrane. Depletion of 30% of the cellular cholesterol did not eliminate the sphingolipid domains, but did reduce their abundance and long-range organization in the plasma membrane. In contrast, disruption of the cytoskeleton eliminated the sphingolipid domains. These results indicate that these sphingolipid assemblages are not lipid rafts and are instead a distinctly different type of sphingolipid-enriched plasma membrane domain that depends upon cortical actin.
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21
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Puryear WB, Gummuluru S. Role of glycosphingolipids in dendritic cell-mediated HIV-1 trans-infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2013; 762:131-53. [PMID: 22975874 PMCID: PMC3686569 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4433-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are components of the cell membrane that comprise a membrane bound lipid, ceramide, coupled to an extracellular carbohydrate. GSLs impact numerous aspects of membrane biology, including membrane fluidity, curvature, and organization. The role of these molecules in both chronic inflammation and infectious disease and underlying pathogenic mechanisms are just starting to be recognized. As a component of the cell membrane, GSLs are also incorporated into lipid bilayers of diverse enveloped viruses as they bud out from the host cell and can go on to have a significant influence on viral pathogenesis. Dendritic cell (DC) subsets located in the peripheral mucosal tissues are proposed to be one of the earliest cell types that encounter transmitted viruses and help initiate adaptive immune responses against the invading pathogen by interacting with T cells. In turn, viruses, as obligatory intracellular parasites, rely on host cells for completing their replication cycle, and not surprisingly, HIV has evolved to exploit DC biology for the initial transmission event as well as for its dissemination and propagation within the infected host. In this review, we describe the mechanisms by which GSLs impact DC-mediated HIV trans-infection by either modulating virus infectivity, serving as a direct virus particle-associated host-derived ligand for specific interactions with DCs, or modulating the T cell membrane in such a way as to impact viral entry and thereby productive infection of CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Blay Puryear
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Mazargui H, Lévêque C, Bartnik D, Fantini J, Gouget T, Melone MAB, Funke SA, Willbold D, Perrone L. A synthetic amino acid substitution of Tyr10 in Aβ peptide sequence yields a dominant negative variant in amyloidogenesis. Aging Cell 2012; 11:530-41. [PMID: 22385841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2012.00814.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people, and age is the major nongenetic risk factor for sporadic AD. A hallmark of AD is the accumulation of amyloid in the brain, which is composed mainly of the amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) in the form of oligomers and fibrils. However, how aging induces Aβ aggregation is not yet fully determined. Some residues in the Aβ sequence seem to promote Aβ-induced toxicity in association with age-dependent risk factors for AD, such as (i) increased GM1 brain membrane content, (ii) altered lipid domain in brain membrane, (iii) oxidative stress. However, the role of Aβ sequence in promoting aggregation following interaction with the plasma membrane is not yet demonstrated. As Tyr10 is implicated in the induction of oxidative stress and stabilization of Aβ aggregation, we substituted Tyr 10 with a synthetic amino acid that abolishes Aβ-induced oxidative stress and shows an accelerated interaction with GM1. This variant peptide shows impaired aggregation properties and increased affinity for GM1. It has a dominant negative effect on amyloidogenesis in vitro, in cellulo, and in isolated synaptosomes. The present study shed new light in the understanding of Aβ-membrane interactions in Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. It demonstrates the relevance of Aβ sequence in (i) Aβ-membrane interaction, underlining the role of age-dependent enhanced GM1 content in promoting Aβ aggregation, (ii) Aβ aggregation, and (iii) Aβ-induced oxidative stress. Our results open the way for the design of peptides aimed to inhibit Aβ aggregation and neurotoxicity.
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23
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Cambi A, Lidke DS. Nanoscale membrane organization: where biochemistry meets advanced microscopy. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:139-49. [PMID: 22004174 DOI: 10.1021/cb200326g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that shape an effective cellular response is a fundamental question in biology. Biochemical measurements have revealed critical information about the order of protein-protein interactions along signaling cascades but lack the resolution to determine kinetics and localization of interactions on the plasma membrane. Furthermore, the local membrane environment influences membrane receptor distributions and dynamics, which in turn influences signal transduction. To measure dynamic protein interactions and elucidate the consequences of membrane architecture interplay, direct measurements at high spatiotemporal resolution are needed. In this review, we discuss the biochemical principles regulating membrane nanodomain formation and protein function, ranging from the lipid nanoenvironment to the cortical cytoskeleton. We also discuss recent advances in fluorescence microscopy that are making it possible to quantify protein organization and biochemical events at the nanoscale in the living cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Tumor Immunology,
Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Diane S. Lidke
- Department of Pathology and
Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
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24
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Zeng G, Chen CY, Huang D, Yao S, Wang RC, Chen ZW. Membrane-bound IL-22 after de novo production in tuberculosis and anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis effector function of IL-22+ CD4+ T cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2011; 187:190-9. [PMID: 21632708 PMCID: PMC3586328 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1004129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The role of IL-22-producing CD4(+) T cells in intracellular pathogen infections is poorly characterized. IL-22-producing CD4(+) T cells may express some effector molecules on the membrane, and therefore synergize or contribute to antimicrobial effector function. This hypothesis cannot be tested by conventional approaches manipulating a single IL-22 cytokine at genetic and protein levels, and IL-22(+) T cells cannot be purified for evaluation due to secretion nature of cytokines. In this study, we surprisingly found that upon activation, CD4(+) T cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macaques or humans could evolve into T effector cells bearing membrane-bound IL-22 after de novo IL-22 production. Membrane-bound IL-22(+) CD4(+) T effector cells appeared to mature in vivo and sustain membrane distribution in highly inflammatory environments during active M. tuberculosis infection. Near-field scanning optical microscopy/quantum dot-based nanoscale molecular imaging revealed that membrane-bound IL-22, like CD3, distributed in membrane and engaged as ∼100-200 nm nanoclusters or ∼300-600 nm nanodomains for potential interaction with IL-22R. Importantly, purified membrane-bound IL-22(+) CD4(+) T cells inhibited intracellular M. tuberculosis replication in macrophages. Our findings suggest that IL-22-producing T cells can evolve to retain IL-22 on membrane for prolonged IL-22 t(1/2) and to exert efficient cell-cell interaction for anti-M. tuberculosis effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Crystal Y. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Shuyu Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Richard C. Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Zheng W. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612
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25
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Molecular insights into amyloid regulation by membrane cholesterol and sphingolipids: common mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. Expert Rev Mol Med 2010; 12:e27. [PMID: 20807455 PMCID: PMC2931503 DOI: 10.1017/s1462399410001602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer, Parkinson and other neurodegenerative diseases involve a series of brain
proteins, referred to as ‘amyloidogenic proteins’, with exceptional
conformational plasticity and a high propensity for self-aggregation. Although the
mechanisms by which amyloidogenic proteins kill neural cells are not fully understood, a
common feature is the concentration of unstructured amyloidogenic monomers on
bidimensional membrane lattices. Membrane-bound monomers undergo a series of
lipid-dependent conformational changes, leading to the formation of oligomers of varying
toxicity rich in β-sheet structures (annular pores, amyloid fibrils) or in
α-helix structures (transmembrane channels). Condensed membrane nano- or
microdomains formed by sphingolipids and cholesterol are privileged sites for the binding
and oligomerisation of amyloidogenic proteins. By controlling the balance between
unstructured monomers and α or β conformers (the chaperone effect),
sphingolipids can either inhibit or stimulate the oligomerisation of amyloidogenic
proteins. Cholesterol has a dual role: regulation of protein–sphingolipid
interactions through a fine tuning of sphingolipid conformation (indirect effect), and
facilitation of pore (or channel) formation through direct binding to amyloidogenic
proteins. Deciphering this complex network of molecular interactions in the context of
age- and disease-related evolution of brain lipid expression will help understanding of
how amyloidogenic proteins induce neural toxicity and will stimulate the development of
innovative therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Petr T, Smíd V, Smídová J, Hůlková H, Jirkovská M, Elleder M, Muchová L, Vitek L, Smíd F. Histochemical detection of GM1 ganglioside using cholera toxin-B subunit. Evaluation of critical factors optimal for in situ detection with special emphasis to acetone pre-extraction. Eur J Histochem 2010; 54:e23. [PMID: 20558344 PMCID: PMC3167299 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2010.e23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparison of histochemical detection of GM1 ganglioside in cryostat sections using cholera toxin B-subunit after fixation with 4% formaldehyde and dry acetone gave tissue-dependent results. In the liver no pre-treatment showed detectable differences related to GM1 reaction products, while studies in the brain showed the superiority of acetone pre-extraction (followed by formaldehyde), which yielded sharper images compared with the diffuse, blurred staining pattern associated with formaldehyde. Therefore, the aim of our study was to define the optimal conditions for the GM1 detection using cholera toxin B-subunit. Ganglioside extractability with acetone, the ever neglected topic, was tested comparing anhydrous acetone with acetone containing admixture of water. TLC analysis of acetone extractable GM1 ganglioside from liver sections did not exceed 2% of the total GM1 ganglioside content using anhydrous acetone at −20°C, and 4% at room temperature. The loss increased to 30.5% using 9:1 acetone/water. Similarly, photometric analysis of lipid sialic acid, extracted from dried liver homogenates with anhydrous acetone, showed the loss of gangliosides into acetone 3.0±0.3% only. The loss from dried brain homogenate was 9.5±1.1%. Thus, anhydrous conditions (dry tissue samples and anhydrous acetone) are crucial factors for optimal in situ ganglioside detection using acetone pre-treatment. This ensures effective physical fixation, especially in tissues rich in polar lipids (precipitation, prevention of in situ diffusion), and removal of cholesterol, which can act as a hydrophobic blocking barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Petr
- Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Prague, Czech Republic
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A nanometer scale optical view on the compartmentalization of cell membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2010; 1798:777-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 09/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abulrob A, Lu Z, Baumann E, Vobornik D, Taylor R, Stanimirovic D, Johnston LJ. Nanoscale imaging of epidermal growth factor receptor clustering: effects of inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:3145-56. [PMID: 19959837 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.073338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of some solid tumors is associated with overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and often correlates with poor prognosis. Near field scanning optical microscopy, a technique with subdiffraction-limited optical resolution, was used to examine the influence of two inhibitors (the chimeric 225 antibody and tyrosine phosphorylation inhibitor AG1478) on the nanoscale clustering of EGFR in HeLa cells. The EGFR is organized in small clusters, average diameter of 150 nm, on the plasma membrane for both control and EGF-treated cells. The numbers of receptors in individual clusters vary from as few as one or two proteins to greater than 100. Both inhibitors yield an increased cluster density and an increase in the fraction of clusters with smaller diameters and fewer receptors. Exposure to AG1478 also decreases the fraction of EGFR that colocalizes with both rafts and caveolae. EGF stimulation results in a significant loss of the full-length EGFR from the plasma membrane with the concomitant appearance of low molecular mass proteolytic products. By contrast, AG1478 reduces the level of EGFR degradation. Changes in receptor clustering provide one mechanism for regulating EGFR signaling and are relevant to the design of strategies for therapeutic interventions based on modulating EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abedelnasser Abulrob
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R5, Canada.
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Sphingolipid topology and the dynamic organization and function of membrane proteins. FEBS Lett 2009; 584:1800-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Iijima K, Soga N, Matsubara T, Sato T. Observations of the distribution of GM3 in membrane microdomains by atomic force microscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2009; 337:369-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zhong L, Zeng G, Lu X, Wang RC, Gong G, Yan L, Huang D, Chen ZW. NSOM/QD-based direct visualization of CD3-induced and CD28-enhanced nanospatial coclustering of TCR and coreceptor in nanodomains in T cell activation. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5945. [PMID: 19536289 PMCID: PMC2693923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct molecular imaging of nano-spatial relationship between T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 and CD4 or CD8 co-receptor before and after activation of a primary T cell has not been reported. We have recently innovated application of near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and immune-labeling quantum dots (QD) to image Ag-specific TCR response during in vivo clonal expansion, and now up-graded the NSOM/QD-based nanotechnology through dipole-polarization and dual-color imaging. Using this imaging system scanning cell-membrane molecules at a best-optical lateral resolution, we demonstrated that CD3, CD4 or CD8 molecules were distinctly distributed as single QD-bound molecules or nano-clusters equivalent to 2–4 QD fluorescence-intensity/size on cell-membrane of un-stimulated primary T cells, and ∼6–10% of CD3 were co-clustering with CD4 or CD8 as 70–110 nm nano-clusters without forming nano-domains. The ligation of TCR/CD3 on CD4 or CD8 T cells led to CD3 nanoscale co-clustering or interaction with CD4 or CD8 co-receptors forming 200–500 nm nano-domains or >500 nm micro-domains. Such nano-spatial co-clustering of CD3 and CD4 or CD3 and CD8 appeared to be an intrinsic event of TCR/CD3 ligation, not purely limited to MHC engagement, and be driven by Lck phosphorylation. Importantly, CD28 co-stimulation remarkably enhanced TCR/CD3 nanoscale co-clustering or interaction with CD4 co-receptor within nano- or micro-domains on the membrane. In contrast, CD28 co-stimulation did not enhance CD8 clustering or CD3–CD8 co-clustering in nano-domains although it increased molecular number and density of CD3 clustering in the enlarged nano-domains. These nanoscale findings provide new insights into TCR/CD3 interaction with CD4 or CD8 co-receptor in T-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Zhong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xiaoxu Lu
- School for Information and Optoelectronic Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Richard C. Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Guangming Gong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Zheng W. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Segregation of GM1 and GM3 clusters in the cell membrane depends on the intact actin cytoskeleton. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1791:388-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Chen Y, Qin J, Cai J, Chen ZW. Cold induces micro- and nano-scale reorganization of lipid raft markers at mounds of T-cell membrane fluctuations. PLoS One 2009; 4:e5386. [PMID: 19404395 PMCID: PMC2671402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0005386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether and how cold causes changes in cell-membrane or lipid rafts remain poorly characterized. Using the NSOM/QD and confocal imaging systems, we found that cold caused microscale redistribution of lipid raft markers, GM1 for lipid and CD59 for protein, from the peripheral part of microdomains to the central part on Jurkat T cells, and that cold also induced the nanoscale size-enlargement (1/3- to 2/3-fold) of the nanoclusters of lipid raft markers and even the colocalization of GM1 and CD59 nanoclusters. These findings indicate cold-induced lateral rearrangement/coalescence of raft-related membrane heterogeneity. The cold-induced re-distribution of lipid raft markers under a nearly-natural condition provide clues for their alternations, and help to propose a model in which raft lipids associate themselves or interact with protein components to generate functional membrane heterogeneity in response to stimulus. The data also underscore the possible cold-induced artifacts in early-described cold-related experiments and the detergent-resistance-based analyses of lipid rafts at 4°C, and provide a biophysical explanation for recently-reported cold-induced activation of signaling pathways in T cells. Importantly, our fluorescence-topographic NSOM imaging demonstrated that GM1/CD59 raft markers distributed and re-distributed at mounds but not depressions of T-cell membrane fluctuations. Such mound-top distribution of lipid raft markers or lipid rafts provides spatial advantage for lipid rafts or contact molecules interacting readily with neighboring cells or free molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Institute for Advanced Study, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jiye Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng W. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Primate Biomedical Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zeng G, Chen J, Zhong L, Wang R, Jiang L, Cai J, Yan L, Huang D, Chen CY, Chen ZW. NSOM- and AFM-based nanotechnology elucidates nano-structural and atomic-force features of a Y. pestis V immunogen-containing particle vaccine capable of eliciting robust response. Proteomics 2009; 9:1538-47. [PMID: 19253301 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is postulated that unique nanoscale proteomic features of immunogen on vaccine particles may determine immunogen-packing density, stability, specificity, and pH-sensitivity on the vaccine particle surface and thus impact the vaccine-elicited immune responses. To test this presumption, we employed near-filed scanning optical microscopy (NSOM)- and atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nanotechnology to study nano-structural and single-molecule force bases of Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) V immunogen fused with protein anchor (V-PA) loaded on gram positive enhancer matrix (GEM) vaccine particles. Surprisingly, the single-molecule sensitive NSOM revealed that approximately 90% of V-PA immunogen molecules were packed as high-density nanoclusters on GEM particle. AFM-based single-molecule force analyses indicated a highly stable and specific binding between V-PA and GEM at the physiological pH. In contrast, this specific binding was mostly abrogated at the acidic pH equivalent to the biochemical pH in phagolysosomes of antigen-presenting-cells in which immunogen protein is processed for antigen presentation. Intranasal mucosal vaccination of mice with such immunogen loaded on vaccine particles elicited robust antigen-specific immune response. This study indicated that high-density, high-stability, specific, and immunological pH-responsive loading of immunogen nanoclusters on vaccine particles could readily be presented to the immune system for induction of strong antigen-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gucheng Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Epand RM, Epand RF. Domains in bacterial membranes and the action of antimicrobial agents. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 5:580-7. [PMID: 19462015 DOI: 10.1039/b900278m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A major advance in the concept of the fluid mosaic model of biological membranes in recent years has been the appreciation of the domain structure of membranes. This concept is now well developed with mammalian plasma membranes but is an emerging focus with regard to bacterial membranes. In addition to bacterial domains that form spontaneously, it is possible to induce the separation of anionic and zwitterionic lipids with certain cationic antimicrobial agents. As a consequence, the bacterial species for which these agents will be toxic can be predicted on the basis of the lipid composition of the bacterial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Epand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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Miranda PV, Allaire A, Sosnik J, Visconti PE. Localization of low-density detergent-resistant membrane proteins in intact and acrosome-reacted mouse sperm. Biol Reprod 2009; 80:897-904. [PMID: 19144954 PMCID: PMC2804839 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.075242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sperm become fertile after completing capacitation, a process associated with cholesterol loss and changes in the biophysical properties of the sperm membranes that prepares the sperm to undergo the acrosome reaction. Different laboratories have hypothesized that cholesterol efflux can influence the extent and/or movement of lipid raft microdomains. In a previous study, our laboratory investigated the identity of sperm proteins putatively associated with rafts. After extraction with Triton X-100 and ultracentrifugation in sucrose gradients, proteins distributing to the light buoyant-density fractions were cored from polyacrylamide gels and microsequenced. In this study, a subset of these proteins (TEX101, basigin, hexokinase 1, facilitated glucose transporter 3, IZUMO, and SPAM1) and other molecules known to be enriched in membrane rafts (caveolin 2, flotillin 1, flotillin 2, and the ganglioside GM3) were selected to investigate their localization in the sperm and their behavior during capacitation and the acrosome reaction. These molecules localize to multiple sperm domains, including the acrosomal cap (IZUMO, caveolin 2, and flotillin 2), equatorial segment (GM3), cytoplasmic droplet (TEX101), midpiece (basigin, facilitated glucose transporter 3, and flotillin 2), and principal piece (facilitated glucose transporter 3). Some of these markers modified their immunofluorescence pattern after sperm incubation under capacitating conditions, and these changes correlated with the occurrence of the acrosome reaction. While GM3 and caveolin 2 were not detected after the acrosome reaction, flotillin 2 was found in the equatorial segment of acrosome-reacted sperm, and IZUMO distributed along the sperm head, reaching the post- and para-acrosomal areas. Taking into consideration the requirement of the acrosome reaction for sperm to become fusogenic, these results suggest that membrane raft dynamics may have a role in sperm-egg membrane interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia V Miranda
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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