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Smith JAB, Murach KA, Dyar KA, Zierath JR. Exercise metabolism and adaptation in skeletal muscle. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:607-632. [PMID: 37225892 PMCID: PMC10527431 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Viewing metabolism through the lens of exercise biology has proven an accessible and practical strategy to gain new insights into local and systemic metabolic regulation. Recent methodological developments have advanced understanding of the central role of skeletal muscle in many exercise-associated health benefits and have uncovered the molecular underpinnings driving adaptive responses to training regimens. In this Review, we provide a contemporary view of the metabolic flexibility and functional plasticity of skeletal muscle in response to exercise. First, we provide background on the macrostructure and ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fibres, highlighting the current understanding of sarcomeric networks and mitochondrial subpopulations. Next, we discuss acute exercise skeletal muscle metabolism and the signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of adaptations to exercise training. We address knowledge gaps throughout and propose future directions for the field. This Review contextualizes recent research of skeletal muscle exercise metabolism, framing further advances and translation into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon A B Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Molecular Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kenneth A Dyar
- Metabolic Physiology, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Lin F, Liu Y, Rudeski-Rohr T, Dahir N, Calder A, Gilbertson TA. Adiponectin Enhances Fatty Acid Signaling in Human Taste Cells by Increasing Surface Expression of CD36. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065801. [PMID: 36982874 PMCID: PMC10059208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin, a key metabolic hormone, is secreted into the circulation by fat cells where it enhances insulin sensitivity and stimulates glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Adiponectin receptors are highly expressed in the taste system; however, their effects and mechanisms of action in the modulation of gustatory function remain unclear. We utilized an immortalized human fungiform taste cell line (HuFF) to investigate the effect of AdipoRon, an adiponectin receptor agonist, on fatty acid-induced calcium responses. We showed that the fat taste receptors (CD36 and GPR120) and taste signaling molecules (Gα-gust, PLCβ2, and TRPM5) were expressed in HuFF cells. Calcium imaging studies showed that linoleic acid induced a dose-dependent calcium response in HuFF cells, and it was significantly reduced by the antagonists of CD36, GPR120, PLCβ2, and TRPM5. AdipoRon administration enhanced HuFF cell responses to fatty acids but not to a mixture of sweet, bitter, and umami tastants. This enhancement was inhibited by an irreversible CD36 antagonist and by an AMPK inhibitor but was not affected by a GPR120 antagonist. AdipoRon increased the phosphorylation of AMPK and the translocation of CD36 to the cell surface, which was eliminated by blocking AMPK. These results indicate that AdipoRon acts to increase cell surface CD36 in HuFF cells to selectively enhance their responses to fatty acids. This, in turn, is consistent with the ability of adiponectin receptor activity to alter taste cues associated with dietary fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjun Lin
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Trina Rudeski-Rohr
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Naima Dahir
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Ashley Calder
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Timothy A Gilbertson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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3
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Ouyang Q, Chen Q, Ke S, Ding L, Yang X, Rong P, Feng W, Cao Y, Wang Q, Li M, Su S, Wei W, Liu M, Liu J, Zhang X, Li JZ, Wang HY, Chen S. Rab8a as a mitochondrial receptor for lipid droplets in skeletal muscle. Dev Cell 2023; 58:289-305.e6. [PMID: 36800997 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic interaction between lipid droplets (LDs) and mitochondria controls the mobilization of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) from LDs for mitochondrial β-oxidation in skeletal muscle in response to energy stress. However, little is known about the composition and regulation of the tethering complex mediating LD-mitochondrion interaction. Here, we identify Rab8a as a mitochondrial receptor for LDs forming the tethering complex with the LD-associated PLIN5 in skeletal muscle. In rat L6 skeletal muscle cells, the energy sensor AMPK increases the GTP-bound active Rab8a that promotes LD-mitochondrion interaction through binding to PLIN5 upon starvation. The assembly of the Rab8a-PLIN5 tethering complex also recruits the adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), which couples LCFA mobilization from LDs with its transfer into mitochondria for β-oxidation. Rab8a deficiency impairs fatty acid utilization and decreases endurance during exercise in a mouse model. These findings may help to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on lipid homeostasis control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Qiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Shunyuan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Longfei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Ping Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Weikuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Ye Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Shu Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Wen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Minjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China
| | - Jin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - John Zhong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Rare Metabolic Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China.
| | - Shuai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China; Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210061, China.
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Yang R, Liu Q, Zhang M. The Past and Present Lives of the Intraocular Transmembrane Protein CD36. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010171. [PMID: 36611964 PMCID: PMC9818597 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) belongs to the B2 receptors of the scavenger receptor class B family, which is comprised of single-chain secondary transmembrane glycoproteins. It is present in a variety of cell types, including monocytes, macrophages, microvascular endothelial cells, adipocytes, hepatocytes, platelets, skeletal muscle cells, kidney cells, cardiomyocytes, taste bud cells, and a variety of other cell types. CD36 can be localized on the cell surface, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and endosomes, playing a role in lipid accumulation, oxidative stress injury, apoptosis, and inflammatory signaling. Recent studies have found that CD36 is expressed in a variety of ocular cells, including retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), retinal microvascular endothelial cells, retinal ganglion cells (RGC), Müller cells, and photoreceptor cells, playing an important role in eye diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), and glaucoma. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of CD36 function and downstream signaling pathways is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of eye diseases. This article reviews the molecular characteristics, distribution, and function of scavenger receptor CD36 and its role in ophthalmology in order to deepen the understanding of CD36 in eye diseases and provide new ideas for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucui Yang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qingping Liu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou 515041, China
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Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases are chronic diseases that contribute to death worldwide, but these diseases can be prevented and mitigated with regular exercise. Exercise activates signaling molecules and the transcriptional network to promote physiological adaptations, such as fiber type transformation, angiogenesis, and mitochondrial biogenesis. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator that senses the energy state, promotes metabolism for glucose and fatty acid utilization, and mediates beneficial cellular adaptations in many vital tissues and organs. This review focuses on the current, integrative understanding of the role of exercise-induced activation of AMPK in the regulation of system metabolism and promotion of health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah R. Spaulding
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; .,Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Gu J, Su T, Gu X, Feng Y. The role of RNA m6A methylation in lipid metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:866116. [PMID: 36157445 PMCID: PMC9492936 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.866116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The m6A methylation is the most numerous modification of mRNA in mammals, coordinated by RNA m6A methyltransferases, RNA m6A demethylases, and RNA m6A binding proteins. They change the RNA m6A methylation level in their specific manner. RNA m6A modification has a significant impact on lipid metabolic regulation. The "writer" METTL3/METTL14 and the "eraser" FTO can promote the accumulation of lipids in various cells by affecting the decomposition and synthesis of lipids. The "reader" YTHDF recognizes m6A methylation sites of RNA and regulates the target genes' translation. Due to this function that regulates lipid metabolism, RNA m6A methylation plays a pivotal role in metabolic diseases and makes it a great potential target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiarui Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tianhong Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Feng, ; Xiaosong Gu,
| | - Yu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Feng, ; Xiaosong Gu,
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Casuso RA, Al Fazazi S, Plaza-Díaz J, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Rueda-Robles A, Aragón-Vela J, Huertas JR. Physiological Doses of Hydroxytyrosol Modulate Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle of Exercised Rats. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121393. [PMID: 34947924 PMCID: PMC8708182 DOI: 10.3390/life11121393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested whether physiological doses of hydroxytyrosol (HT) may alter the mRNA transcription of key metabolic genes in exercised skeletal muscle. Two groups of exercise-trained Wistar rats, HTlow and HTmid, were supplemented with 0.31 and 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT, respectively, for 10 weeks. Another two groups of rats were not supplemented with HT; one remained sedentary and the other one was exercised. After the experimental period, the soleus muscle was removed for qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. The consumption of 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT during exercise increased the mRNA expression of important metabolic proteins. Specifically, 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT may upregulate long-chain fatty acid oxidation, lactate, and glucose oxidation as well as mitochondrial Krebs cycle in trained skeletal muscle. However, a 4.61 mg/kg/d of HT may alter protein translation, as in spite of the increment showed by CD36 and GLUT4 at the mRNA level this was not translated to higher protein content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael A. Casuso
- Department of Physiology, Campus University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.A.F.); (J.A.-V.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.R.-R.)
- Correspondence: or (R.A.C.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Saad Al Fazazi
- Department of Physiology, Campus University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.A.F.); (J.A.-V.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.R.-R.)
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Francisco J. Ruiz-Ojeda
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Ascensión Rueda-Robles
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.R.-R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Jerónimo Aragón-Vela
- Department of Physiology, Campus University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.A.F.); (J.A.-V.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.R.-R.)
| | - Jesús R. Huertas
- Department of Physiology, Campus University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (S.A.F.); (J.A.-V.)
- Center of Biomedical Research, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (F.J.R.-O.); (A.R.-R.)
- Correspondence: or (R.A.C.); (J.R.H.)
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Li LJ, Ma J, Li SB, Chen XF, Zhang J. Electric pulse stimulation inhibited lipid accumulation on C2C12 myotubes incubated with oleic acid and palmitic acid. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 127:344-350. [PMID: 31298959 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1639763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) on lipid accumulation and alteration of fatty acid-related enzymes in C2C12 myotubes incubated with fatty acids. METHODS Mouse C2C12 myotubes were incubated with oleic acid and palmitic acid, and differentiated C2C12 myotubes were treated with EPS, oil-red O (ORO), BODIPY staining and triglyceride (TG) content were examined. Total RNA was isolated, and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed. RESULTS (1) EPS decreased TG content (p < .01). (2) EPS significantly induced the mRNA expression of FAD/CD36 (p < .05), FATP4 (p < .001), FABP1 (p < .01) and FABP5 (p < .01). (3) EPS significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of fatty acid synthase (p < .01). (4) Adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase expression were significantly elevated (p < .001), and induced the mRNA expression of CPT1 (p < .01), ACOX1 (p < .05), UCP3 (p < .05) and PPARα (p < .001) after EPS. CONCLUSION EPS reduced lipid droplet accumulation; enhanced CD36, FATP4, FABP1 and FABP5 expression; inhibited C2C12 myotube fatty acid re-esterification; and promoted fatty acid oxidation in C2C12 myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jie Li
- College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Ma
- College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Song-Bo Li
- China Academy of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Fei Chen
- College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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The Regulation of Fat Metabolism During Aerobic Exercise. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121699. [PMID: 33371437 PMCID: PMC7767423 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the lipid profile is altered by physical activity, the study of lipid metabolism is a remarkable element in understanding if and how physical activity affects the health of both professional athletes and sedentary subjects. Although not fully defined, it has become clear that resistance exercise uses fat as an energy source. The fatty acid oxidation rate is the result of the following processes: (a) triglycerides lipolysis, most abundant in fat adipocytes and intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTG) stores, (b) fatty acid transport from blood plasma to muscle sarcoplasm, (c) availability and hydrolysis rate of intramuscular triglycerides, and (d) transport of fatty acids through the mitochondrial membrane. In this review, we report some studies concerning the relationship between exercise and the aforementioned processes also in light of hormonal controls and molecular regulations within fat and skeletal muscle cells.
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10
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Teixeira GR, Chuffa LGA, Mendes LO, Veras ASC, McCabe J, Favaro WJ, Pinheiro PFF, Amorim JPA, Martins OA, Mello-Junior W, Martinez FE. Strength training protects against prostate injury in alcoholic rats. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3675-3687. [PMID: 33305848 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic injury can alter the hormonal signaling pathway and lead to glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. In this study, we investigated whether the strength training could exert protective effects against the alterations caused by ethanol consumption on prostatic metabolism. A UChB, ethanol-preferring rats were used in this study. Strength training was conducted for 3 days per week for 13 weeks, rats performed jumps in water carrying a weight load strapped to their chests as part of a strength training protocol. The reduced alcohol consumption by strength training was accompanied by increased glucose, serum lipid profile, total protein levels, and reduced hormonal levels. The results of protein expression of prostatic tissues in the ethanol- and strength training-treated groups indicated that "steroidal hormone receptors," "fatty acid translocation," and "cell regulation" were significantly different between ethanol- and strength training-treated groups. Taken together, these findings show that strength training effectively ameliorated prostatic injuries in alcoholic rats at least partially by acting on lipids receptors and steroidal hormone receptors pathway, suggesting the strength training as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for treating prostate injuries caused by ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education, School of Technology and Sciences, UNESP Campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Multicentric Physiological Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Campus of Aracatuba, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Almeida Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Oliveira Mendes
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo-UNOESTE, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allice Santos Cruz Veras
- Postgraduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Campus of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - James McCabe
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wagner José Favaro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campina-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Otávio Augusto Martins
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Mello-Junior
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco Eduardo Martinez
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Alghamdi F, Alshuweishi Y, Salt IP. Regulation of nutrient uptake by AMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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12
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Li C, Kang B, Zhang T, Gu H, Song P, Chen J, Wang X, Xu B, Zhao W, Zhang J. Dietary Pattern and Dietary Energy from Fat Associated with Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Chinese People: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Regions of China. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3689. [PMID: 33265923 PMCID: PMC7760936 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations between dietary patterns (DPs) and sarcopenia remain controversial, and fewer studies have mentioned the relationship between dietary energy composition and sarcopenia. The present cross-sectional study was conducted in three regions of China, to detect the associations between DPs and sarcopenia, and to identify the influencing nutrients. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted for DP identification. Logistic regressions were performed to explore the associations between DPs and sarcopenia. Dietary nutrients and dietary energy composition were calculated and compared among different DPs. Three DPs were identified from 861 community-dwelling older people. The "mushrooms-fruits-milk" pattern was negatively associated with sarcopenia (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.14~0.77, p-trend = 0.009). Subjects in the highest quartile of the "mushrooms-fruits-milk" pattern showed more abundant intake (1.7 g/kg/d) of dietary protein, and lower percentage (31%) of energy from fat (PEF) than the other two DPs. Further analyses indicated that lower PEF (<30%) was negatively associated with sarcopenia. In conclusion, the "mushrooms-fruits-milk" pattern was negatively associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese people. This pattern showed abundant protein intake and low PEF, which may partially contribute to its protective effect on sarcopenia. Therefore, besides protein, dietary fat and PEF may also be considered in the prevention and management of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (C.L.); (P.S.); (J.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Bingxian Kang
- Wuyuan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 105 Shiji Road, Wuyuan 015100, China; (B.K.); (X.W.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Yuexiu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23 Jiaochang West Road, Guangzhou 510030, China; (T.Z.); (B.X.)
| | - Hongru Gu
- Taicang City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 36 Xianfu West Street, Taicang 215400, China;
| | - Pengkun Song
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (C.L.); (P.S.); (J.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jingyi Chen
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (C.L.); (P.S.); (J.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xile Wang
- Wuyuan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 105 Shiji Road, Wuyuan 015100, China; (B.K.); (X.W.)
| | - Bin Xu
- Yuexiu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 23 Jiaochang West Road, Guangzhou 510030, China; (T.Z.); (B.X.)
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (C.L.); (P.S.); (J.C.); (W.Z.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 27 Nanwei Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China; (C.L.); (P.S.); (J.C.); (W.Z.)
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13
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McConell GK, Wadley GD, Le Plastrier K, Linden KC. Skeletal muscle AMPK is not activated during 2 h of moderate intensity exercise at ∼65% V ̇ O 2 peak in endurance trained men. J Physiol 2020; 598:3859-3870. [PMID: 32588910 PMCID: PMC7540472 DOI: 10.1113/jp277619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered a major regulator of skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise. However, we previously showed that, although AMPK activity increases by 8–10‐fold during ∼120 min of exercise at ∼65% V˙O2peak in untrained individuals, there is no increase in these individuals after only 10 days of exercise training (longitudinal study). In a cross‐sectional study, we show that there is also a lack of activation of skeletal muscle AMPK during 120 min of cycling exercise at 65% V˙O2peak in endurance‐trained individuals. These findings indicate that AMPK is not an important regulator of exercise metabolism during 120 min of exercise at 65% V˙O2peak in endurance trained men. It is important that more energy is directed towards examining other potential regulators of exercise metabolism.
Abstract AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered a major regulator of skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise. Indeed, AMPK is activated during exercise and activation of AMPK by 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxyamide‐ribonucleoside (AICAR) increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake and fat oxidation. However, we have previously shown that, although AMPK activity increases by 8–10‐fold during ∼120 min of exercise at ∼65% V˙O2peak in untrained individuals, there is no increase in these individuals after only 10 days of exercise training (longitudinal study). In a cross‐sectional study, we examined whether there is also a lack of activation of skeletal muscle AMPK during 120 min of cycling exercise at 65% V˙O2peak in endurance‐trained individuals. Eleven untrained (UT; V˙O2peak = 37.9 ± 5.6 ml.kg−1 min−1) and seven endurance trained (ET; V˙O2peak = 61.8 ± 2.2 ml.kg−1 min−1) males completed 120 min of cycling exercise at 66 ± 4% V˙O2peak (UT: 100 ± 21 W; ET: 190 ± 15 W). Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and following 30 and 120 min of exercise. Muscle glycogen was significantly (P < 0.05) higher before exercise in ET and decreased similarly during exercise in the ET and UT individuals. Exercise significantly increased calculated skeletal muscle free AMP content and more so in the UT individuals. Exercise significantly (P < 0.05) increased skeletal muscle AMPK α2 activity (4‐fold), AMPK αThr172 phosphorylation (2‐fold) and ACCβ Ser222 phosphorylation (2‐fold) in the UT individuals but not in the ET individuals. These findings indicate that AMPK is not an important regulator of exercise metabolism during 120 min of exercise at 65% V˙O2peak in endurance trained men. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is considered a major regulator of skeletal muscle metabolism during exercise. However, we previously showed that, although AMPK activity increases by 8–10‐fold during ∼120 min of exercise at ∼65% V˙O2peak in untrained individuals, there is no increase in these individuals after only 10 days of exercise training (longitudinal study). In a cross‐sectional study, we show that there is also a lack of activation of skeletal muscle AMPK during 120 min of cycling exercise at 65% V˙O2peak in endurance‐trained individuals. These findings indicate that AMPK is not an important regulator of exercise metabolism during 120 min of exercise at 65% V˙O2peak in endurance trained men. It is important that more energy is directed towards examining other potential regulators of exercise metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K McConell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Kelly C Linden
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Science, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW, Australia
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14
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McConell GK. It's well and truly time to stop stating that AMPK regulates glucose uptake and fat oxidation during exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E564-E567. [PMID: 32017593 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00511.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K McConell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Wu W, Wang S, Liu Q, Shan T, Wang X, Feng J, Wang Y. AMPK facilitates intestinal long-chain fatty acid uptake by manipulating CD36 expression and translocation. FASEB J 2020; 34:4852-4869. [PMID: 32048347 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901994r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular long-chain fatty acids' (LCFAs) uptake is a crucial physiological process that regulates cellular energy homeostasis. AMPK has been shown to modulate LCFAs uptake in several kinds of cells, but whether it exerts an impact on intestinal LCFAs uptake is not quite clear. In the current study, we found that AMPK reinforced LCFAs uptake in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). Moreover, intestinal epithelium-specific AMPK deletion impaired intestinal LCFAs absorption and protected mice from high-fat diet-induced obesity. Mechanistically, we discovered that AMPK deletion reduced the CD36 protein level by upregulating Parkin-mediated polyubiquitination of CD36 in IECs. Furthermore, our results revealed that AMPK affected PARK2 (gene name of Parkin) mRNA stability in a YTHDF2-dependent manner through FTO-dependent demethylation of N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A). Besides, AMPK promoted the translocation of CD36 to the plasma membrane in IECs, but the inhibition of AKT signaling suppressed this effect, which also halted the accelerated fatty acid uptake induced by AMPK. These results suggest that AMPK facilitates the intestinal LCFAs uptake by upregulating CD36 protein abundance and promoting its membrane translocation simultaneously. Such findings shed light on the role of AMPK in the regulation of intestinal LCFAs uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiche Wu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Sisi Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Feng
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition & Feed Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China.,Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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16
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Steinberg GR, Carling D. AMP-activated protein kinase: the current landscape for drug development. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2020; 18:527-551. [PMID: 30867601 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-019-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 95.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a central regulator of energy homeostasis, many exciting insights into its structure, regulation and physiological roles have been revealed. While exercise, caloric restriction, metformin and many natural products increase AMPK activity and exert a multitude of health benefits, developing direct activators of AMPK to elicit beneficial effects has been challenging. However, in recent years, direct AMPK activators have been identified and tested in preclinical models, and a small number have entered clinical trials. Despite these advances, which disease(s) represent the best indications for therapeutic AMPK activation and the long-term safety of such approaches remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - David Carling
- Cellular Stress Group, Medical Research Council London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
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17
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Lundsgaard AM, Fritzen AM, Kiens B. The Importance of Fatty Acids as Nutrients during Post-Exercise Recovery. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020280. [PMID: 31973165 PMCID: PMC7070550 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that whole-body fatty acid (FA) oxidation remains increased for several hours following aerobic endurance exercise, even despite carbohydrate intake. However, the mechanisms involved herein have hitherto not been subject to a thorough evaluation. In immediate and early recovery (0–4 h), plasma FA availability is high, which seems mainly to be a result of hormonal factors and increased adipose tissue blood flow. The increased circulating availability of adipose-derived FA, coupled with FA from lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-derived very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triacylglycerol (TG) hydrolysis in skeletal muscle capillaries and hydrolysis of TG within the muscle together act as substrates for the increased mitochondrial FA oxidation post-exercise. Within the skeletal muscle cells, increased reliance on FA oxidation likely results from enhanced FA uptake into the mitochondria through the carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 reaction, and concomitant AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) inhibition of glucose oxidation. Together this allows glucose taken up by the skeletal muscles to be directed towards the resynthesis of glycogen. Besides being oxidized, FAs also seem to be crucial signaling molecules for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling post-exercise, and thus for induction of the exercise-induced FA oxidative gene adaptation program in skeletal muscle following exercise. Collectively, a high FA turnover in recovery seems essential to regain whole-body substrate homeostasis.
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18
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Xu W, Zhao T, Xiao H. The Implication of Oxidative Stress and AMPK-Nrf2 Antioxidative Signaling in Pneumonia Pathogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:400. [PMID: 32625169 PMCID: PMC7311749 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely recognized that chemical, physical, and biological factors can singly or synergistically evoke the excessive production of oxidative stress in pulmonary tissue that followed by pulmonary lesions and pneumonia. In addition, metabolic and endocrine disorder-induced diseases such as diabetes and obesity often expressed higher susceptibility to pulmonary infections, and presented severe symptoms which increasing the mortality rate. Therefore, the connection between the lesion of the lungs and the metabolic/endocrine disorders is an interesting and essential issue to be addressed. Studies have noticed a similar pathological feature in both infectious pneumonia and metabolic disease-intercurrent pulmonary lesions, that is, from the view of molecular pathology, the accumulation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pulmonary tissue accompanying with activated pro-inflammatory signals. Meanwhile, Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling plays important role in metabolic/endocrine homeostasis and infection response, and it's closely associated with the anti-oxidative capacity of the body. For this reason, this review will start from the summary upon the implication of ROS accumulation, and to discuss how AMPK-Nrf2 signaling contributes to maintaining the metabolic/endocrine homeostasis and attenuates the susceptibility of pulmonary infections.
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19
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Nielsen MH, Sabaratnam R, Pedersen AJT, Højlund K, Handberg A. Acute Exercise Increases Plasma Levels of Muscle-Derived Microvesicles Carrying Fatty Acid Transport Proteins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4804-4814. [PMID: 30933285 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Microvesicles (MVs) are a class of membrane particles shed by any cell in the body in physiological and pathological conditions. They are considered to be key players in intercellular communication, and with a molecular content reflecting the composition of the cell of origin, they have recently emerged as a promising source of biomarkers in a number of diseases. OBJECTIVE The effects of acute exercise on the plasma concentration of skeletal muscle-derived MVs (SkMVs) carrying metabolically important membrane proteins were examined. PARTICIPANTS Thirteen men with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 14 healthy male controls with obesity exercised on a cycle ergometer for 60 minutes. INTERVENTIONS Muscle biopsies and blood samples-obtained before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 3 hours into recovery-were collected for the analysis of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) transport proteins CD36 (a scavenger receptor class B protein) and fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) mRNA content in muscle and for flow cytometric studies on circulating SkMVs carrying either LCFA transport protein. RESULTS Besides establishing a flow cytometric approach for the detection of circulating SkMVs and subpopulations carrying either CD36 or FATP4 and thereby adding proof to their existence, we demonstrated an overall exercise-induced change of SkMVs carrying these LCFA transport proteins. A positive correlation between exercise-induced changes in skeletal muscle CD36 mRNA expression and concentrations of SkMVs carrying CD36 was found in T2DM only. CONCLUSIONS This approach could add important real-time information about the abundance of LCFA transport proteins present on activated muscle cells in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Andreas James Thestrup Pedersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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20
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Hargreaves M, Spriet LL. Exercise Metabolism: Fuels for the Fire. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8:cshperspect.a029744. [PMID: 28533314 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During exercise, the supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is essential for the energy-dependent processes that underpin ongoing contractile activity. These pathways involve both substrate-level phosphorylation, without any need for oxygen, and oxidative phosphorylation that is critically dependent on oxygen delivery to contracting skeletal muscle by the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and on the supply of reducing equivalents from the degradation of carbohydrate, fat, and, to a limited extent, protein fuel stores. The relative contribution of these pathways is primarily determined by exercise intensity, but also modulated by training status, preceding diet, age, gender, and environmental conditions. Optimal substrate availability and utilization before, during, and after exercise is critical for maintaining exercise performance. This review provides a brief overview of exercise metabolism, with expanded discussion of the regulation of muscle glucose uptake and fatty acid uptake and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Hargreaves
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lawrence L Spriet
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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21
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Niu B, He K, Li P, Gong J, Zhu X, Ye S, Ou Z, Ren G. SIRT1 upregulation protects against liver injury induced by a HFD through inhibiting CD36 and the NF‑κB pathway in mouse kupffer cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1609-1615. [PMID: 29845302 PMCID: PMC6072223 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is an NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase, and a critical regulator in various metabolic processes, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study aimed to investigate whether activating SIRT1 could modulate the CD36 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathways to protect against liver injury induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. A mouse NAFLD model was established by administration of a HFD for 8 weeks. During the last 4 weeks, SRT1720, a specific SIRT1 activator, was added daily to the HFD feed. The hepatic morphological structure was observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the ultrastructures in the liver tissue were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Protein expression of SIRT1, CD36 and P65 in liver tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Kupffer cells (KCs) from the livers of the mouse models were isolated to determine the mRNA and protein expression of SIRT1, CD36 and P65. SIRT1 activation attenuated the HFD-induced liver injury and significantly reduced the body weight and the levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. We observed an increased expression of SIRT1 in the liver tissues from the HFD+SRT1720 group compared with the HFD group. Simultaneously, the expression of CD36 and P65 in the liver tissues was downregulated in the HFD+SRT1720 group. The mRNA and protein expression of SIRT1 was elevated in the HFD+SRT1720 group, whereas the mRNA and protein expression of CD36 and P65 in KCs was significantly decreased in the HFD+SRT1720 group. The present study demonstrated that SIRT1 activation attenuated HFD-induced liver steatosis and inflammation by inhibiting CD36 expression and the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailin Niu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Kun He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Peizhi Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Gong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Xiwen Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Shangmin Ye
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhibing Ou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, P.R. China
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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22
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Manio MCC, Matsumura S, Masuda D, Inoue K. CD36 is essential for endurance improvement, changes in whole-body metabolism, and efficient PPAR-related transcriptional responses in the muscle with exercise training. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:e13282. [PMID: 28526781 PMCID: PMC5449563 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although circulating fatty acids are utilized as energy substrates, they also function as ligands to the peroxisome‐proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), a family of fatty acid sensing transcription factors. Exercise training leads to various adaptations in the muscle such as elevation of glycogen content, mitochondrial number as well as upregulation of fatty acid uptake and utilization through downstream transcriptional adaptations. In line with this, CD36 has been shown to be critical in controlling fatty acid uptake and consequently, fatty acid oxidation. We show that exercise training could not ameliorate impaired endurance performance in CD36 KO mice despite intact adaptations in muscle glycogen storage and mitochondrial function. Changes in whole‐body metabolism at rest and during exercise were also suppressed in these animals. Furthermore, there was inefficient upregulation of PPAR and PPAR‐related exercise‐responsive genes with chronic training in CD36 KO mice despite normal upregulation of Pgc1a and mitochondrial genes. Our findings supplement previous observations and emphasize the importance of CD36 in endurance performance, energy production and efficient downstream transcriptional regulation by PPARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Christian C Manio
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Matsumura
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Inoue
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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Kjøbsted R, Hingst JR, Fentz J, Foretz M, Sanz MN, Pehmøller C, Shum M, Marette A, Mounier R, Treebak JT, Wojtaszewski JFP, Viollet B, Lantier L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism. FASEB J 2018; 32:1741-1777. [PMID: 29242278 PMCID: PMC5945561 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700442r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to adapt to various physiologic conditions. AMPK is a sensor of intracellular energy status that maintains energy stores by fine-tuning anabolic and catabolic pathways. AMPK’s role as an energy sensor is particularly critical in tissues displaying highly changeable energy turnover. Due to the drastic changes in energy demand that occur between the resting and exercising state, skeletal muscle is one such tissue. Here, we review the complex regulation of AMPK in skeletal muscle and its consequences on metabolism (e.g., substrate uptake, oxidation, and storage as well as mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle fibers). We focus on the role of AMPK in skeletal muscle during exercise and in exercise recovery. We also address adaptations to exercise training, including skeletal muscle plasticity, highlighting novel concepts and future perspectives that need to be investigated. Furthermore, we discuss the possible role of AMPK as a therapeutic target as well as different AMPK activators and their potential for future drug development.—Kjøbsted, R., Hingst, J. R., Fentz, J., Foretz, M., Sanz, M.-N., Pehmøller, C., Shum, M., Marette, A., Mounier, R., Treebak, J. T., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., Viollet, B., Lantier, L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Fentz
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Nieves Sanz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, and.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Pehmøller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Shum
- Axe Cardiologie, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Axe Cardiologie, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Remi Mounier
- Institute NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM Unité 1217, CNRS UMR, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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24
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Lundsgaard AM, Fritzen AM, Kiens B. Molecular Regulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation in Skeletal Muscle during Aerobic Exercise. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2018; 29:18-30. [PMID: 29221849 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes how fatty acid (FA) oxidation is regulated in skeletal muscle during exercise. From the available evidence it seems that acetyl-CoA availability in the mitochondrial matrix adjusts FA oxidation to exercise intensity and duration. This is executed at the step of mitochondrial fatty acyl import, as the extent of acetyl group sequestration by carnitine determines the availability of carnitine for the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) reaction. The rate of glycolysis seems therefore to be central to the amount of β-oxidation-derived acetyl-CoA that is oxidized in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. FA oxidation during exercise is also determined by FA availability to mitochondria, dependent on trans-sarcolemmal FA uptake via cluster of differentiation 36/SR-B2 (CD36) and FAs mobilized from myocellular lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Mæchel Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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25
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CD36 in chronic kidney disease: novel insights and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:769-781. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Adrian L, Lenski M, Tödter K, Heeren J, Böhm M, Laufs U. AMPK Prevents Palmitic Acid-Induced Apoptosis and Lipid Accumulation in Cardiomyocytes. Lipids 2017; 52:737-750. [PMID: 28825205 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-017-4285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Palmitic acid, a main fatty acid (FA) in human nutrition, can induce apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. However, a specific combination of palmitic, myristic and palmitoleic acid (CoFA) has been reported to promote beneficial cardiac growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the relevance of CoFA for cardiac growth and to delineate the underlying signaling pathways of CoFA and palmitic acid treatment. CoFA treatment of C57Bl/6 mice increased FA serum concentrations. However, morphologic and echocardiographic analysis did not show myocardial hypertrophy. Cell culture studies using rat ventricular cardiomyocytes revealed an increased phosphorylation of AMP activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) to 155 ± 19% and its target acetyl-CoA-carboxylase to 177 ± 23% by CoFA. Treatment with myristic acid also increased AMPKα phosphorylation to 189 ± 32%. Palmitic acid did not activate AMPKα but increased expression of the FA translocase CD36 (FAT/CD36) to 163 ± 23% and adipose-differentiation-related-protein (ADRP), a sensitive marker of lipid accumulation, to 168 ± 42%. This was associated with an increased phosphorylation of the stress-activated-protein-kinase/Jun-amino-terminal-kinase (SAPK/JNK) to 173 ± 27%. In CoFA-treated cells, phosphorylation of SAPK/JNK was unaltered. FACS analysis revealed increased apoptosis to 159 ± 5% by palmitic acid but not by CoFA. AMPK activator AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) prevented up-regulation of ADRP and increased apoptosis by palmitic acid. Confirming these findings, inhibition of AMPK by compound C in CoFA-treated cardiomyocytes resulted in an increased expression of ADRP to 154 ± 27%, FAT/CD36 to 167 ± 28% and apoptosis to 183 ± 12%. These data reveal that AMPK activation plays an important role in prevention of palmitic acid-induced apoptosis and lipid accumulation in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Adrian
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Lenski
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Tödter
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Heeren
- Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Böhm
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Laufs
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, 66421, Homburg, Germany
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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27
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Kjøbsted R, Munk-Hansen N, Birk JB, Foretz M, Viollet B, Björnholm M, Zierath JR, Treebak JT, Wojtaszewski JFP. Enhanced Muscle Insulin Sensitivity After Contraction/Exercise Is Mediated by AMPK. Diabetes 2017; 66:598-612. [PMID: 27797909 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies have demonstrated that muscle insulin sensitivity to stimulate glucose uptake is enhanced several hours after an acute bout of exercise. Using AICAR, we recently demonstrated that prior activation of AMPK is sufficient to increase insulin sensitivity in mouse skeletal muscle. Here we aimed to determine whether activation of AMPK is also a prerequisite for the ability of muscle contraction to increase insulin sensitivity. We found that prior in situ contraction of m. extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and treadmill exercise increased muscle and whole-body insulin sensitivity in wild-type (WT) mice, respectively. These effects were not found in AMPKα1α2 muscle-specific knockout mice. Prior in situ contraction did not increase insulin sensitivity in m. soleus from either genotype. Improvement in muscle insulin sensitivity was not associated with enhanced glycogen synthase activity or proximal insulin signaling. However, in WT EDL muscle, prior in situ contraction enhanced insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of TBC1D4 Thr649 and Ser711 Such findings are also evident in prior exercised and insulin-sensitized human skeletal muscle. Collectively, our data suggest that the AMPK-TBC1D4 signaling axis is likely mediating the improved muscle insulin sensitivity after contraction/exercise and illuminates an important and physiologically relevant role of AMPK in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Munk-Hansen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Marie Björnholm
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Integrative Physiology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Morales PE, Bucarey JL, Espinosa A. Muscle Lipid Metabolism: Role of Lipid Droplets and Perilipins. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:1789395. [PMID: 28676863 PMCID: PMC5476901 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1789395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the main regulators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in our organism, and therefore, it is highly susceptible to changes in glucose and fatty acid (FA) availability. Skeletal muscle is an extremely complex tissue: its metabolic capacity depends on the type of fibers it is made up of and the level of stimulation it undergoes, such as acute or chronic contraction. Obesity is often associated with increased FA levels, which leads to the accumulation of toxic lipid intermediates, oxidative stress, and autophagy in skeletal fibers. This lipotoxicity is one of the most common causes of insulin resistance (IR). In this scenario, the "isolation" of certain lipids in specific cell compartments, through the action of the specific lipid droplet, perilipin (PLIN) family of proteins, is conceived as a lifeguard compensatory strategy. In this review, we summarize the cellular mechanism underlying lipid mobilization and metabolism inside skeletal muscle, focusing on the function of lipid droplets, the PLIN family of proteins, and how these entities are modified in exercise, obesity, and IR conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Esteban Morales
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose Luis Bucarey
- CIDIS-AC, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Alejandra Espinosa:
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29
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A new leptin-mediated mechanism for stimulating fatty acid oxidation: a pivotal role for sarcolemmal FAT/CD36. Biochem J 2016; 474:149-162. [PMID: 27827305 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leptin stimulates fatty acid oxidation in muscle and heart; but, the mechanism by which these tissues provide additional intracellular fatty acids for their oxidation remains unknown. We examined, in isolated muscle and cardiac myocytes, whether leptin, via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, stimulated fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36)-mediated fatty acid uptake to enhance fatty acid oxidation. In both mouse skeletal muscle and rat cardiomyocytes, leptin increased fatty acid oxidation, an effect that was blocked when AMPK phosphorylation was inhibited by adenine 9-β-d-arabinofuranoside or Compound C. In wild-type mice, leptin induced the translocation of FAT/CD36 to the plasma membrane and increased fatty acid uptake into giant sarcolemmal vesicles and into cardiomyocytes. In muscles of FAT/CD36-KO mice, and in cardiomyocytes in which cell surface FAT/CD36 action was blocked by sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate, the leptin-stimulated influx of fatty acids was inhibited; concomitantly, the normal leptin-stimulated increase in fatty acid oxidation was also prevented, despite the normal leptin-induced increase in AMPK phosphorylation. Conversely, in muscle of AMPK kinase-dead mice, leptin failed to induce the translocation of FAT/CD36, along with a failure to stimulate fatty acid uptake and oxidation. Similarly, when siRNA was used to reduce AMPK in HL-1 cardiomyocytes, leptin failed to induce the translocation of FAT/CD36. Our studies have revealed a novel mechanism of leptin-induced fatty acid oxidation in muscle tissue; namely, this process is dependent on the activation of AMPK to induce the translocation of FAT/CD36 to the plasma membrane, thereby stimulating fatty acid uptake. Without increasing this leptin-stimulated, FAT/CD36-dependent fatty acid uptake process, leptin-stimulated AMPK phosphorylation does not enhance fatty acid oxidation.
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30
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Chorner Z, Barbeau PA, Castellani L, Wright DC, Chabowski A, Holloway GP. Dietary α-linolenic acid supplementation alters skeletal muscle plasma membrane lipid composition, sarcolemmal FAT/CD36 abundance, and palmitate transport rates. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R1234-R1242. [PMID: 27806984 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00346.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cellular processes influenced by consuming polyunsaturated fatty acids remains poorly defined. Within skeletal muscle, a rate-limiting step in fatty acid oxidation is the movement of lipids across the sarcolemmal membrane, and therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of consuming flaxseed oil high in α-linolenic acid (ALA), on plasma membrane lipid composition and the capacity to transport palmitate. Rats fed a diet supplemented with ALA (10%) displayed marked increases in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) within whole muscle and sarcolemmal membranes (approximately five-fold), at the apparent expense of arachidonic acid (-50%). These changes coincided with increased sarcolemmal palmitate transport rates (+20%), plasma membrane fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36; +20%) abundance, skeletal muscle triacylglycerol content (approximately twofold), and rates of whole body fat oxidation (~50%). The redistribution of FAT/CD36 to the plasma membrane could not be explained by increased phosphorylation of signaling pathways implicated in regulating FAT/CD36 trafficking events (i.e., phosphorylation of ERK1/2, CaMKII, AMPK, and Akt), suggesting the increased n-3 PUFA composition of the plasma membrane influenced FAT/CD36 accumulation. Altogether, the present data provide evidence that a diet supplemented with ALA increases the transport of lipids into resting skeletal muscle in conjunction with increased sarcolemmal n-3 PUFA and FAT/CD36 contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zane Chorner
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Pierre-Andre Barbeau
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Laura Castellani
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada; and
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31
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Serup AK, Alsted TJ, Jordy AB, Schjerling P, Holm C, Kiens B. Partial Disruption of Lipolysis Increases Postexercise Insulin Sensitivity in Skeletal Muscle Despite Accumulation of DAG. Diabetes 2016; 65:2932-42. [PMID: 27489310 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes and skeletal muscle insulin resistance have been linked to accumulation of the intramyocellular lipid-intermediate diacylglycerol (DAG). However, recent animal and human studies have questioned such an association. Given that DAG appears in different stereoisomers and has different reactivity in vitro, we investigated whether the described function of DAGs as mediators of lipid-induced insulin resistance was dependent on the different DAG isomers. We measured insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) knockout (KO) mice after treadmill exercise to stimulate the accumulation of DAGs in skeletal muscle. We found that, despite an increased DAG content in muscle after exercise in HSL KO mice, the HSL KO mice showed a higher insulin-stimulated glucose uptake postexercise compared with wild-type mice. Further analysis of the chemical structure and cellular localization of DAG in skeletal muscle revealed that HSL KO mice accumulated sn-1,3 DAG and not sn-1,2 DAG. Accordingly, these results highlight the importance of taking the chemical structure and cellular localization of DAG into account when evaluating the role of DAG in lipid-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and that the accumulation of sn-1,3 DAG originating from lipolysis does not inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Karen Serup
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Junker Alsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Clamp Competency Center, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Andreas Børsting Jordy
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Holm
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University Biomedical Centre, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Jayewardene AF, Mavros Y, Reeves A, Hancock DP, Gwinn T, Rooney KB. Interactions Between Fatty Acid Transport Proteins, Genes That Encode for Them, and Exercise: A Systematic Review. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:1671-87. [PMID: 26638980 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) movement into skeletal muscle involves a highly mediated process in which lipid rafts are utilized in the cellular membrane, involving numerous putative plasma membrane-associated LCFA transport proteins. The process of LCFA uptake and oxidation is of particular metabolic significance both at rest and during light to moderate exercise. A comprehensive systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to investigate whether exercise alters protein and/or gene expression of putative LCFA transport proteins. There were 31 studies meeting all eligibility criteria, of these 13 utilized an acute exercise protocol and 18 examined chronic exercise adaptations. Seventeen involved a study design incorporating an exercise stimulus, while the remaining 14 incorporated a combined exercise and diet stimulus. Divergent data relating to acute exercise, as well as prolonged exercise training (≥3 weeks), on protein content (PC) response was identified for proteins CD36, FABPpm and CAV1. Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) data did not always correspond to functional PC, supporting previous suggestions of a disconnect due to potentially limiting factors post gene expression. The large array of study designs, cohorts, and primary dependent variables within the studies included in the present review elucidate the complexity of the interaction between exercise and LCFA transport proteins. Summary of the results in the present review validate the need for further targeted investigation within this topic, and provide an important information base for such research. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1671-1687, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avindra F Jayewardene
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yorgi Mavros
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anneliese Reeves
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dale P Hancock
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tom Gwinn
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kieron B Rooney
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Lidcombe, New South Wales, Australia
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Georgiou DK, Dagnino-Acosta A, Lee CS, Griffin DM, Wang H, Lagor WR, Pautler RG, Dirksen RT, Hamilton SL. Ca2+ Binding/Permeation via Calcium Channel, CaV1.1, Regulates the Intracellular Distribution of the Fatty Acid Transport Protein, CD36, and Fatty Acid Metabolism. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:23751-65. [PMID: 26245899 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.643544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+) permeation and/or binding to the skeletal muscle L-type Ca(2+) channel (CaV1.1) facilitates activation of Ca(2+)/calmodulin kinase type II (CaMKII) and Ca(2+) store refilling to reduce muscle fatigue and atrophy (Lee, C. S., Dagnino-Acosta, A., Yarotskyy, V., Hanna, A., Lyfenko, A., Knoblauch, M., Georgiou, D. K., Poché, R. A., Swank, M. W., Long, C., Ismailov, I. I., Lanner, J., Tran, T., Dong, K., Rodney, G. G., Dickinson, M. E., Beeton, C., Zhang, P., Dirksen, R. T., and Hamilton, S. L. (2015) Skelet. Muscle 5, 4). Mice with a mutation (E1014K) in the Cacna1s (α1 subunit of CaV1.1) gene that abolishes Ca(2+) binding within the CaV1.1 pore gain more body weight and fat on a chow diet than control mice, without changes in food intake or activity, suggesting that CaV1.1-mediated CaMKII activation impacts muscle energy expenditure. We delineate a pathway (Cav1.1→ CaMKII→ NOS) in normal skeletal muscle that regulates the intracellular distribution of the fatty acid transport protein, CD36, altering fatty acid metabolism. The consequences of blocking this pathway are decreased mitochondrial β-oxidation and decreased energy expenditure. This study delineates a previously uncharacterized CaV1.1-mediated pathway that regulates energy utilization in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra K Georgiou
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Adan Dagnino-Acosta
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Chang Seok Lee
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Deric M Griffin
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Hui Wang
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - William R Lagor
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Robia G Pautler
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
| | - Robert T Dirksen
- the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Susan L Hamilton
- From the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and
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34
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Mounier R, Théret M, Lantier L, Foretz M, Viollet B. Expanding roles for AMPK in skeletal muscle plasticity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:275-86. [PMID: 25818360 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable plasticity and responds to environmental and physiological challenges by changing its phenotype in terms of size, composition, and metabolic properties. Muscle fibers rapidly adapt to drastic changes in energy demands during exercise through fine-tuning of the balance between catabolic and anabolic processes. One major sensor of energy demand in exercising muscle is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Recent advances have shed new light on the relevance of AMPK both as a multitask gatekeeper and as an energy regulator in skeletal muscle. Here we summarize recent findings on the function of AMPK in skeletal muscle adaptation to contraction and highlight its role in the regulation of energy metabolism and the control of skeletal muscle regeneration post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Mounier
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaires et Cellulaires, UMR CNRS 5534, Villeurbanne, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Marine Théret
- Centre de Génétique et de Physiologie Moléculaires et Cellulaires, UMR CNRS 5534, Villeurbanne, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Louise Lantier
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, Paris, France.
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Monaco C, Whitfield J, Jain SS, Spriet LL, Bonen A, Holloway GP. Activation of AMPKα2 Is Not Required for Mitochondrial FAT/CD36 Accumulation during Exercise. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126122. [PMID: 25965390 PMCID: PMC4429092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has been shown to induce the translocation of fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), a fatty acid transport protein, to both plasma and mitochondrial membranes. While previous studies have examined signals involved in the induction of FAT/CD36 translocation to sarcolemmal membranes, to date the signaling events responsible for FAT/CD36 accumulation on mitochondrial membranes have not been investigated. In the current study muscle contraction rapidly increased FAT/CD36 on plasma membranes (7.5 minutes), while in contrast, FAT/CD36 only increased on mitochondrial membranes after 22.5 minutes of muscle contraction, a response that was exercise-intensity dependent. Considering that previous research has shown that AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2 is not required for FAT/CD36 translocation to the plasma membrane, we investigated whether AMPK α2 signaling is necessary for mitochondrial FAT/CD36 accumulation. Administration of 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) induced AMPK phosphorylation, and resulted in FAT/CD36 accumulation on SS mitochondria, suggesting AMPK signaling may mediate this response. However, SS mitochondrial FAT/CD36 increased following acute treadmill running in both wild-type (WT) and AMPKα 2 kinase dead (KD) mice. These data suggest that AMPK signaling is not required for SS mitochondrial FAT/CD36 accumulation. The current data also implicates alternative signaling pathways that are exercise-intensity dependent, as IMF mitochondrial FAT/CD36 content only occurred at a higher power output. Taken altogether the current data suggests that activation of AMPK signaling is sufficient but not required for exercise-induced accumulation in mitochondrial FAT/CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Monaco
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jamie Whitfield
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Swati S. Jain
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lawrence L. Spriet
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Arend Bonen
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Graham P. Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Prolonged daily light exposure increases body fat mass through attenuation of brown adipose tissue activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:6748-53. [PMID: 25964318 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504239112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of circadian rhythmicity is associated with obesity and related disorders, including type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Specifically, prolonged artificial light exposure associates with obesity in humans, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we report that increasing the daily hours of light exposure increases body adiposity through attenuation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity, a major contributor of energy expenditure. Mice exposed to a prolonged day length of 16- and 24-h light, compared with regular 12-h light, showed increased adiposity without affecting food intake or locomotor activity. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that prolonged day length decreases sympathetic input into BAT and reduces β3-adrenergic intracellular signaling. Concomitantly, prolonging day length decreased the uptake of fatty acids from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, as well as of glucose from plasma selectively by BAT. We conclude that impaired BAT activity is an important mediator in the association between disturbed circadian rhythm and adiposity, and anticipate that activation of BAT may overcome the adverse metabolic consequences of disturbed circadian rhythmicity.
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Bex T, Chung W, Baguet A, Achten E, Derave W. Exercise training and Beta-alanine-induced muscle carnosine loading. Front Nutr 2015; 2:13. [PMID: 25988141 PMCID: PMC4429226 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2015.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Beta-alanine (BA) supplementation has been shown to augment muscle carnosine concentration, thereby promoting high-intensity (HI) exercise performance. Trained muscles of athletes have a higher increase in carnosine concentration after BA supplementation compared to untrained muscles, but it remains to be determined whether this is due to an accumulation of acute exercise effects or to chronic adaptations from prior training. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether high-volume (HV) and/or HI exercise can improve BA-induced carnosine loading in untrained subjects. Methods All participants (n = 28) were supplemented with 6.4 g/day of BA for 23 days. The subjects were allocated to a control group, HV, or HI training group. During the BA supplementation period, the training groups performed nine exercise sessions, consisting of either 75–90 min continuous cycling at 35–45% Wmax (HV) or 3 to 5 repeats of 30 s cycling at 165% Wmax with 4 min recovery (HI). Carnosine content was measured in soleus and gastrocnemius medialis by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results There was no difference in absolute increase in carnosine content between the groups in soleus and gastrocnemius muscle. For the average muscle carnosine content, a higher absolute increase was found in HV (+2.95 mM; P = 0.046) and HI (+3.26 mM; P = 0.028) group compared to the control group (+1.91 mM). However, there was no additional difference between the HV and HI training group. Conclusion HV and HI exercise training showed no significant difference on BA-induced muscle carnosine loading in soleus and gastrocnemius muscle. It can be suggested that there can be a small cumulative effect of exercise on BA supplementation efficiency, although differences did not reach significance on individual muscle level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Bex
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Weiliang Chung
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Audrey Baguet
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Eric Achten
- Department of Radiology, Ghent Institute for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
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Fentz J, Kjøbsted R, Birk JB, Jordy AB, Jeppesen J, Thorsen K, Schjerling P, Kiens B, Jessen N, Viollet B, Wojtaszewski JFP. AMPKα is critical for enhancing skeletal muscle fatty acid utilization during
in vivo
exercise in mice. FASEB J 2015; 29:1725-38. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-266650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Fentz
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jesper B. Birk
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Andreas B. Jordy
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jacob Jeppesen
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kasper Thorsen
- Department of Molecular MedicineAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports MedicineDepartment of Orthopedic SurgeryBispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy AgingFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Molecular MedicineAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, U1016, Institute CochinParisFrance
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unités Mixtes de Recherche 8104ParisFrance
- Université Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance
| | - Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyAugust Krogh CentreDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise and SportsUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Børsting Jordy
- Section of Molecular Physiology; August Krogh Centre; Department of Nutrition; Exercise and Sports (NEXS); University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology; August Krogh Centre; Department of Nutrition; Exercise and Sports (NEXS); University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Abbott MJ, Turcotte LP. AMPK-α2 is involved in exercise training-induced adaptations in insulin-stimulated metabolism in skeletal muscle following high-fat diet. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:869-79. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01380.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been studied extensively and postulated to be a target for the treatment and/or prevention of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance. Exercise training has been deemed a beneficial treatment for obesity and insulin resistance. Furthermore, exercise is a feasible method to combat high-fat diet (HFD)-induced alterations in insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether AMPK-α2 activity is required to gain beneficial effects of exercise training with high-fat feeding. Wild-type (WT) and AMPK-α2 dominant-negative (DN) male mice were fed standard diet (SD), underwent voluntary wheel running (TR), fed HFD, or trained with HFD (TR + HFD). By week 6, TR, irrespective of genotype, decreased blood glucose and increased citrate synthase activity in both diet groups and decreased insulin levels in HFD groups. Hindlimb perfusions were performed, and, in WT mice with SD, TR increased insulin-mediated palmitate uptake (76.7%) and oxidation (>2-fold). These training-induced changes were not observed in the DN mice. With HFD, TR decreased palmitate oxidation (61–64%) in both WT and DN and increased palmitate uptake (112%) in the WT with no effects on palmitate uptake in the DN. With SD, TR increased ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 phosphorylation, regardless of genotype. With HFD, TR reduced JNK1/2 phosphorylation, regardless of genotype, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 expression in WT, and CD36 expression in both DN and WT. These data suggest that low AMPK-α2 signaling disrupts, in part, the exercise training-induced adaptations in insulin-stimulated metabolism in skeletal muscle following HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia J. Abbott
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts, Letters, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, California
| | - Lorraine P. Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts, Letters, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
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Marcinko K, Steinberg GR. The role of AMPK in controlling metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis during exercise. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:1581-5. [PMID: 25261498 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.082255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with defects in skeletal muscle fatty acid (FA) metabolism that contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Endurance exercise increases FA and glucose metabolism, muscle mitochondrial content and insulin sensitivity. In skeletal muscle, basal rates of FA oxidation are dependent on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2, the rate-limiting enzyme controlling the production of the metabolic intermediate malonyl-CoA. Likewise, AMPK is essential for maintaining muscle mitochondrial content in untrained mice; effects that may be mediated through regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α. However, the importance of AMPK in regulating glucose and FA uptake, FA oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis during and following endurance exercise training is not fully understood. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which endurance exercise regulates substrate utilization and mitochondrial biogenesis may lead to improved therapeutic and preventative strategies for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Marcinko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Neels JG, Grimaldi PA. Physiological functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:795-858. [PMID: 24987006 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00027.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, PPARα, PPARβ, and PPARγ, are a family of transcription factors activated by a diversity of molecules including fatty acids and fatty acid metabolites. PPARs regulate the transcription of a large variety of genes implicated in metabolism, inflammation, proliferation, and differentiation in different cell types. These transcriptional regulations involve both direct transactivation and interaction with other transcriptional regulatory pathways. The functions of PPARα and PPARγ have been extensively documented mainly because these isoforms are activated by molecules clinically used as hypolipidemic and antidiabetic compounds. The physiological functions of PPARβ remained for a while less investigated, but the finding that specific synthetic agonists exert beneficial actions in obese subjects uplifted the studies aimed to elucidate the roles of this PPAR isoform. Intensive work based on pharmacological and genetic approaches and on the use of both in vitro and in vivo models has considerably improved our knowledge on the physiological roles of PPARβ in various cell types. This review will summarize the accumulated evidence for the implication of PPARβ in the regulation of development, metabolism, and inflammation in several tissues, including skeletal muscle, heart, skin, and intestine. Some of these findings indicate that pharmacological activation of PPARβ could be envisioned as a therapeutic option for the correction of metabolic disorders and a variety of inflammatory conditions. However, other experimental data suggesting that activation of PPARβ could result in serious adverse effects, such as carcinogenesis and psoriasis, raise concerns about the clinical use of potent PPARβ agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap G Neels
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M), Team "Adaptive Responses to Immuno-metabolic Dysregulations," Nice, France; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Paul A Grimaldi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U 1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine (C3M), Team "Adaptive Responses to Immuno-metabolic Dysregulations," Nice, France; and Faculty of Medicine, University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
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Morissette MP, Susser SE, Stammers AN, O'Hara KA, Gardiner PF, Sheppard P, Moffatt TL, Duhamel TA. Differential regulation of the fiber type-specific gene expression of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase isoforms induced by exercise training. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:544-55. [PMID: 24876362 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00092.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulatory role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-α2 on sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase (SERCA) 1a and SERCA2a in different skeletal muscle fiber types has yet to be elucidated. Sedentary (Sed) or exercise-trained (Ex) wild-type (WT) and AMPKα2-kinase dead (KD) transgenic mice, which overexpress a mutated and inactivated AMPKα2 subunit, were utilized to characterize how genotype or exercise training influenced the regulation of SERCA isoforms in gastrocnemius. As expected, both Sed and Ex KD mice had >40% lower AMPK phosphorylation and 30% lower SERCA1a protein than WT mice (P < 0.05). In contrast, SERCA2a protein was not different among KD and WT mice. Exercise increased SERCA1a and SERCA2a protein content among WT and KD mice, compared with their Sed counterparts. Maximal SERCA activity was lower in KD mice, compared with WT. Total phospholamban protein was higher in KD mice than in WT and lower in Ex compared with Sed mice. Exercise training increased phospholamban Ser(16) phosphorylation in WT mice. Laser capture microdissection and quantitative PCR indicated that SERCA1a mRNA expression among type I fibers was not altered by genotype or exercise, but SERCA2a mRNA was increased 30-fold in WT+Ex, compared with WT+Sed. In contrast, the exercise-stimulated increase for SERCA2a mRNA was blunted in KD mice. Exercise upregulated SERCA1a and SERCA2a mRNA among type II fibers, but was not altered by genotype. Collectively, these data suggest that exercise differentially influences SERCA isoform expression in type I and type II fibers. Additionally, AMPKα2 influences the regulation of SERCA2a mRNA in type I skeletal muscle fibers following exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Morissette
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shanel E Susser
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
| | - Andrew N Stammers
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Kimberley A O'Hara
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Phillip F Gardiner
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Spinal Cord Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Patricia Sheppard
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Spinal Cord Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Teri L Moffatt
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Todd A Duhamel
- Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and
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Ost M, Werner F, Dokas J, Klaus S, Voigt A. Activation of AMPKα2 is not crucial for mitochondrial uncoupling-induced metabolic effects but required to maintain skeletal muscle integrity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94689. [PMID: 24732703 PMCID: PMC3986237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic (UCP1-TG) mice with ectopic expression of UCP1 in skeletal muscle (SM) show a phenotype of increased energy expenditure, improved glucose tolerance and increase substrate metabolism in SM. To investigate the potential role of skeletal muscle AMPKα2 activation in the metabolic phenotype of UCP1-TG mice we generated double transgenic (DTG) mice, by crossing of UCP1-TG mice with DN-AMPKα2 mice overexpressing a dominant negative α2 subunit of AMPK in SM which resulted in an impaired AMPKα2 activity by 90±9% in SM of DTG mice. Biometric analysis of young male mice showed decreased body weight, lean and fat mass for both UCP1-TG and DTG compared to WT and DN-AMPKα2 mice. Energy intake and weight-specific total energy expenditure were increased, both in UCP1-TG and DTG mice. Moreover, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and fatty acid oxidation were not altered in DTG compared to UCP1-TG. Also uncoupling induced induction and secretion of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) from SM was preserved in DTG mice. However, voluntary physical cage activity as well as ad libitum running wheel access during night uncovered a severe activity intolerance of DTG mice. Histological analysis showed a progressive degenerative morphology in SM of DTG mice which was not observed in SM of UCP1-TG mice. Moreover, ATP-depletion related cellular stress response via heat shock protein 70 was highly induced, whereas capillarization regulator VEGF was suppressed in DTG muscle. In addition, AMPKα2-mediated induction of mitophagy regulator ULK1 was suppressed in DTG mice, as well as mitochondrial respiratory capacity and content. In conclusion, we demonstrate that AMPKα2 is dispensable for SM mitochondrial uncoupling induced metabolic effects on whole body energy balance, glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. But strikingly, activation of AMPKα2 seems crucial for maintaining SM function, integrity and the ability to compensate chronic metabolic stress induced by SM mitochondrial uncoupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Ost
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Franziska Werner
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Janine Dokas
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Susanne Klaus
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Anja Voigt
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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Bex T, Chung W, Baguet A, Stegen S, Stautemas J, Achten E, Derave W. Muscle carnosine loading by beta-alanine supplementation is more pronounced in trained vs. untrained muscles. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 116:204-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01033.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine occurs in high concentrations in human skeletal muscle and assists working capacity during high-intensity exercise. Chronic beta-alanine (BA) supplementation has consistently been shown to augment muscle carnosine concentration, but the effect of training on the carnosine loading efficiency is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to compare muscle carnosine loading between trained and untrained arm and leg muscles. In a first study ( n = 17), reliability of carnosine quantification by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) was evaluated in deltoid and triceps brachii muscles. In a second study, participants ( n = 35; 10 nonathletes, 10 cyclists, 10 swimmers, and 5 kayakers) were supplemented with 6.4 g/day of slow-release BA for 23 days. Carnosine content was evaluated in soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, and deltoid muscles by 1H-MRS. All the results are reported as arbitrary units. In the nonathletes, BA supplementation increased carnosine content by 47% in the arm and 33% in the leg muscles (not significant). In kayakers, the increase was more pronounced in arm (deltoid) vs. leg (soleus + gastrocnemius) muscles (0.089 vs. 0.049), whereas the reverse pattern was observed in cyclists (0.065 vs. 0.084). Swimmers had significantly higher increase in carnosine in both deltoid (0.107 vs. 0.065) and gastrocnemius muscle (0.082 vs. 0.051) compared with nonathletes. We showed that 1) carnosine content can be reliably measured by 1H-MRS in deltoid muscle, 2) carnosine loading is equally effective in arm vs. leg muscles of nonathletes, and 3) carnosine loading is more pronounced in trained vs. untrained muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Bex
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - W. Chung
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - A. Baguet
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - S. Stegen
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - J. Stautemas
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and
| | - E. Achten
- Department of Radiology, Ghent Institute for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - W. Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; and
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Heather LC, Pates KM, Atherton HJ, Cole MA, Ball DR, Evans RD, Glatz JF, Luiken JJ, Griffin JL, Clarke K. Differential translocation of the fatty acid transporter, FAT/CD36, and the glucose transporter, GLUT4, coordinates changes in cardiac substrate metabolism during ischemia and reperfusion. Circ Heart Fail 2013; 6:1058-66. [PMID: 23940308 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.112.000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid and glucose transporters translocate between the sarcolemma and intracellular compartments to regulate substrate metabolism acutely. We hypothesised that during ischemia fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) would translocate away from the sarcolemma to limit fatty acid uptake when fatty acid oxidation is inhibited. METHODS AND RESULTS Wistar rat hearts were perfused during preischemia, low-flow ischemia, and reperfusion, using (3)H-substrates for measurement of metabolic rates, followed by metabolomic analysis and subcellular fractionation. During ischemia, there was a 32% decrease in sarcolemmal FAT/CD36 accompanied by a 95% decrease in fatty acid oxidation rates, with no change in intramyocardial lipids. Concomitantly, the sarcolemmal content of the glucose transporter, GLUT4, increased by 90% during ischemia, associated with an 86% increase in glycolytic rates, 45% decrease in glycogen content, and a 3-fold increase in phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase. Following reperfusion, decreased sarcolemmal FAT/CD36 persisted, but fatty acid oxidation rates returned to preischemic levels, resulting in a 35% decrease in myocardial triglyceride content. Elevated sarcolemmal GLUT4 persisted during reperfusion; in contrast, glycolytic rates decreased to 30% of preischemic rates, accompanied by a 5-fold increase in intracellular citrate levels and restoration of glycogen content. CONCLUSIONS During ischemia, FAT/CD36 moved away from the sarcolemma as GLUT4 moved toward the sarcolemma, associated with a shift from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis, while intramyocardial lipid accumulation was prevented. This relocation was maintained during reperfusion, which was associated with replenishing glycogen stores as a priority, occurring at the expense of glycolysis and mediated by an increase in citrate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Heather
- Cardiac Metabolism Research Group, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
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Jeppesen J, Maarbjerg SJ, Jordy AB, Fritzen AM, Pehmøller C, Sylow L, Serup AK, Jessen N, Thorsen K, Prats C, Qvortrup K, Dyck JR, Hunter RW, Sakamoto K, Thomson DM, Schjerling P, Wojtaszewski JF, Richter EA, Kiens B. LKB1 regulates lipid oxidation during exercise independently of AMPK. Diabetes 2013; 62:1490-9. [PMID: 23349504 PMCID: PMC3636614 DOI: 10.2337/db12-1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is important for health and insulin action, yet the fundamental process of regulating lipid metabolism during muscle contraction is incompletely understood. Here, we show that liver kinase B1 (LKB1) muscle-specific knockout (LKB1 MKO) mice display decreased fatty acid (FA) oxidation during treadmill exercise. LKB1 MKO mice also show decreased muscle SIK3 activity, increased histone deacetylase 4 expression, decreased NAD⁺ concentration and SIRT1 activity, and decreased expression of genes involved in FA oxidation. In AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)α2 KO mice, substrate use was similar to that in WT mice, which excluded that decreased FA oxidation in LKB1 MKO mice was due to decreased AMPKα2 activity. Additionally, LKB1 MKO muscle demonstrated decreased FA oxidation in vitro. A markedly decreased phosphorylation of TBC1D1, a proposed regulator of FA transport, and a low CoA content could contribute to the low FA oxidation in LKB1 MKO. LKB1 deficiency did not reduce muscle glucose uptake or oxidation during exercise in vivo, excluding a general impairment of substrate use during exercise in LKB1 MKO mice. Our findings demonstrate that LKB1 is a novel molecular regulator of major importance for FA oxidation but not glucose uptake in muscle during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Jeppesen
- August Krogh Centre and Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine J. Maarbjerg
- August Krogh Centre and Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Pharmacology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Söborg, Denmark
| | - Andreas B. Jordy
- August Krogh Centre and Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M. Fritzen
- August Krogh Centre and Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Pehmøller
- August Krogh Centre and Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lykke Sylow
- August Krogh Centre and Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette Karen Serup
- August Krogh Centre and Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kasper Thorsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Clara Prats
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jason R.B. Dyck
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roger W. Hunter
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Campus Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Quartier de l’innovation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Campus Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Quartier de l’innovation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David M. Thomson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine, M. Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F.P. Wojtaszewski
- August Krogh Centre and Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A. Richter
- August Krogh Centre and Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Corresponding author: Erik A. Richter,
| | - Bente Kiens
- August Krogh Centre and Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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48
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Sylow L, Jensen TE, Kleinert M, Mouatt JR, Maarbjerg SJ, Jeppesen J, Prats C, Chiu TT, Boguslavsky S, Klip A, Schjerling P, Richter EA. Rac1 is a novel regulator of contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Diabetes 2013; 62:1139-51. [PMID: 23274900 PMCID: PMC3609592 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In skeletal muscle, the actin cytoskeleton-regulating GTPase, Rac1, is necessary for insulin-dependent GLUT4 translocation. Muscle contraction increases glucose transport and represents an alternative signaling pathway to insulin. Whether Rac1 is activated by muscle contraction and regulates contraction-induced glucose uptake is unknown. Therefore, we studied the effects of in vivo exercise and ex vivo muscle contractions on Rac1 signaling and its regulatory role in glucose uptake in mice and humans. Muscle Rac1-GTP binding was increased after exercise in mice (~60-100%) and humans (~40%), and this activation was AMP-activated protein kinase independent. Rac1 inhibition reduced contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in mouse muscle by 55% in soleus and by 20-58% in extensor digitorum longus (EDL; P < 0.01). In agreement, the contraction-stimulated increment in glucose uptake was decreased by 27% (P = 0.1) and 40% (P < 0.05) in soleus and EDL muscles, respectively, of muscle-specific inducible Rac1 knockout mice. Furthermore, depolymerization of the actin cytoskeleton decreased contraction-stimulated glucose uptake by 100% and 62% (P < 0.01) in soleus and EDL muscles, respectively. These are the first data to show that Rac1 is activated during muscle contraction in murine and human skeletal muscle and suggest that Rac1 and possibly the actin cytoskeleton are novel regulators of contraction-stimulated glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lykke Sylow
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E. Jensen
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joshua R. Mouatt
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jacob Jeppesen
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Prats
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tim T. Chiu
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shlomit Boguslavsky
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A. Richter
- Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Corresponding author: Erik A. Richter,
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49
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Nagendran J, Waller TJ, Dyck JRB. AMPK signalling and the control of substrate use in the heart. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 366:180-93. [PMID: 22750050 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
All mammalian cells rely on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to maintain function and for survival. The heart has the highest basal ATP demand of any organ due to the necessity for continuous contraction. As such, the ability of the cardiomyocyte to monitor cellular energy status and adapt the supply of substrates to match the energy demand is crucial. One important serine/threonine protein kinase that monitors cellular energy status in the heart is adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is also a key enzyme that controls multiple catabolic and anabolic biochemical pathways in the heart and indirectly plays a crucial role in regulating cardiac function in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Herein, we review the involvement of AMPK in myocardial fatty acid and glucose transport and utilization, as it relates to basal cardiac function. We also assess the literature amassed on cardiac AMPK and discuss the controversies surrounding the role of AMPK in physiological and pathophysiological processes in the heart. The work reviewed herein also emphasizes areas that require further investigation for the purpose of eventually translating this information into improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevan Nagendran
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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50
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O'Neill HM, Holloway GP, Steinberg GR. AMPK regulation of fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis: implications for obesity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 366:135-51. [PMID: 22750049 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays an important role in regulating whole-body energy expenditure given it is a major site for glucose and lipid oxidation. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are causally linked through their association with skeletal muscle insulin resistance, while conversely exercise is known to improve whole body glucose homeostasis simultaneously with muscle insulin sensitivity. Exercise activates skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK plays a role in regulating exercise capacity, skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake. Skeletal muscle AMPK is also thought to be important for regulating fatty acid metabolism; however, direct genetic evidence in this area is currently lacking. This review will discuss the current paradigms regarding the influence of AMPK in regulating skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis at rest and during exercise, and highlight the potential implications in the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley M O'Neill
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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