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Wu Y, Rashidpour A, Metón I. Bayesian Meta-Analysis: Impacts of Eating Habits and Habitats on Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition and Growth in Cultured Fish. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2118. [PMID: 39061580 PMCID: PMC11273610 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA) offer protective benefits against various pathological conditions, including atherosclerosis, obesity, inflammation, and autoimmune diseases. Marine fish and seafood are the primary sources of n-3 LC-PUFAs in the human diet. However, the inclusion of fish oil in aquafeeds is declining due to limited availability, fluctuating prices, sustainability concerns, and replacement with vegetable oils. While comprehensive narrative reviews on the impact of substituting fish oil with vegetable oil in aquafeeds exist, quantitative studies are relatively scarce and mainly focused on comparing the source of vegetable oils. Herein, we employed, for the first time, a Bayesian meta-analysis approach, collecting research data from 81 articles to quantitatively analyze the effects of dietary n-3 LC-PUFA levels on the n-3 LC-PUFA composition and growth performance in cultured fish. Our findings indicate that with the exception of herbivorous fish, dietary n-3 LC-PUFA levels significantly affect the EPA and DHA levels in the livers and muscles of carnivorous, omnivorous, freshwater, and marine fish. Additionally, the growths of freshwater and herbivorous fish were less affected by changes in dietary n-3 LC-PUFA levels compared to that of carnivorous and marine fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isidoro Metón
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (Y.W.); (A.R.)
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2
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Duarte P, Ameixa OMCC, Palma M, Louzado M, Rodrigues D, Pinho M, Viegas I. Tracking lipid synthesis using 2H2O and 2H-NMR spectroscopy in black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae fed with macroalgae. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247941. [PMID: 38916067 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae are used to upcycle biowaste into insect biomass for animal feed. Previous research on black soldier fly has explored the assimilation of dietary fatty acids (FAs), but endogenous FA synthesis and modification remain comparatively unexplored. This study presents a 1H/2H-NMR methodology for measuring lipid synthesis in black soldier fly larvae using diluted deuterated water (2H2O) as a stable isotopic tracer delivered through the feeding media. This approach was validated by measuring 2H incorporation into the larvae's body water and consequent labelling of FA esterified into triacylglycerols. A 5% 2H enrichment in the body water, adequate to label the FA, is achieved after 24 h in a substrate with 10% 2H2O. A standard feeding trial using an invasive macroalgae was designed to test this method, revealing de novo lipogenesis was lower in larvae fed with macroalgae, probably related to the poor nutritional value of the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Duarte
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- ECOMARE - Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Olga M C C Ameixa
- ECOMARE - Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana Palma
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Louzado
- ECOMARE - Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniela Rodrigues
- ECOMARE - Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marisa Pinho
- ECOMARE - Laboratory for Innovation and Sustainability of Marine Biological Resources, CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ivan Viegas
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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3
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Oshiro AM, Khan KU, Carli GC, Pahor-Filho E, Sakomura NK, Fernandes JBK, Takahashi LS. Effect of digestible protein on intermediate metabolism, hepatic enzyme activities, energy reserves, and growth performance of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) in the finishing growth phase. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:259-271. [PMID: 37847337 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of different levels of digestible protein (DP) on blood metabolites, hepatic enzyme activity of glycolysis and amino acid metabolism, energy reserves, and the production characteristics of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) during the finishing growth phase. Six semi purified and isoenergetic diets, containing 16.3, 20.1, 23.8, 27.2, 31.5, and 34.8% of balanced DP, provided with essential amino acid balance, were hand-fed to pacu (1100.0 ± 10.3 g, initial weight) three times daily for 7 weeks. The experiment consisted of six treatments, with three randomly arranged replicates (tanks) per treatment. The data obtained from this experiment were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments were determined using Tukey's test. Blood metabolites, except serum ammonia and the hepatic enzymes activities of glycolysis and amino acid metabolism, except hexokinase activity were affected (p < 0.05) by balanced DP. The energy reserve indices, except hepatic total lipid content, were also found associated (p < 0.05) with balanced DP. The test diets significantly (p < 0.05) affected growth performance parameters. Higher dietary proteins led to a greater energy uptake by fish from the protein in feed. Overall, fish fed the intermediate level (23.8%) of balanced DP with digestible energy of 17.95 MJ kg-1 showed better production traits and physio-biochemical health markers. This information could help nutritionists and farmers to develop nutritionally balanced and economically and environmentally sustainable aquafeed for promoting healthy and sustainable production of pacu in intensive culture systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Miyuki Oshiro
- College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences (FCAT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena. Rod. Comte. João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651, Dracena, SP, 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Kifayat Ullah Khan
- Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal. Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, Faculty of Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Gabriela Castellani Carli
- Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal. Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pahor-Filho
- Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal. Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Nilva Kazue Sakomura
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences (FCAV), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal. Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - João Batista Kochenborger Fernandes
- Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal. Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Susumu Takahashi
- College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences (FCAT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Dracena. Rod. Comte. João Ribeiro de Barros, km 651, Dracena, SP, 17900-000, Brazil.
- Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal. Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Via de Ac. Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
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Zhong L, Liu H, Zhang H, Zhang W, Li M, Huang Y, Yao J, Huang X, Geng Y, Chen D, Ouyang P, Yang S, Luo W, Yin L. High Starch in Diet Leads to Disruption of Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism and Liver Fibrosis in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Which is Mediated by the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Front Physiol 2022; 13:880513. [PMID: 35677086 PMCID: PMC9168315 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.880513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its special flavour and cheapness, starch is a source of nutrition for humans and most animals, some of whom even prefer to consume large amounts of starchy foods. However, the use of starch by carnivorous fish is limited and excessive starch intake can lead to liver damage, but the mechanism of damage is not clear. Therefore, in this study, two isonitrogenous and isolipid semi-pure diets, Z diet (0% starch) and G diet (22% starch), were formulated, respectively. The largemouth bass (M. salmoides) cultured in fiberglass tanks were randomly divided into two groups and fed the two diets for 45 days. Blood and liver were collected on day 30 and 45 for enzymology, histopathology, ultramicropathology, flow cytometry, and transcriptomics to investigate the damage of high starch on the liver of largemouth bass and its damage mechanism. The results showed that the high starch not affect the growth performance of largemouth bass. However, high starch caused a whitening of the liver and an increase in hepatopancreas index (HSI), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum. Histopathological observations showed that high starch led to severe vacuolisation, congestion, and moderate to severe necrotizing hepatitis in the liver. The high starch intake led to a significant increase in postprandial blood glucose and insulin in serum of largemouth bass, promoting the synthesis and accumulation of large amounts of hepatic glycogen in the liver, leading to the loss of hepatocyte organelles and inducing liver fibrosis. Meanwhile, high starch induced the production of oxidative stress and promoted apoptosis and necrosis of hepatocytes. Transcriptome analysis revealed that there were 10,927 and 2,656 unique genes in the G and Z groups, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that 19 pathways were significantly enriched, including those related to glucose metabolism and cell survival. Network mapping based on enrichment pathways and differential expressing genes showed the emergence of a regulatory network dominated by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This indicated that the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway plays a very important role in this process, regulating the liver injury caused by high starch. Our results provide a reference for the mechanism of liver injury caused by high starch, and the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway could be a potential therapeutic target for liver injury caused by high starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhong
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiqi Zhang
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghao Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayun Yao
- Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiayun Yao, ; Xiaoli Huang,
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jiayun Yao, ; Xiaoli Huang,
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chendu, China
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5
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Belew GD, Jones JG. De novo lipogenesis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Quantification with stable isotope tracers. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13733. [PMID: 34927251 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized as an abnormal accumulation of triglyceride in hepatocytes. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis may play an important role in the accumulation of lipids in the liver during NAFLD. Due to the importance of lipid biosynthetic fluxes in NAFLD and T2D, tracer methodologies have been developed for their study and quantification. Here, we address novel approaches to measure and quantify DNL using stable isotope tracers. Deuterated water is a widely used tracer for quantifying DNL rates in both animal models and humans. Enrichment of lipid hydrogens from 2 H2O can be resolved and quantified by 2 H NMR and MS spectroscopy of isolated lipids. NMR provides a much higher level of positional enrichment information compared with MS which yields a more detailed picture of lipid biosynthetic. It can also be used to quantify low levels of lipid 13 C enrichment from a second tracer such as [U-13 C]sugar with minimal interference of one tracer with the other. CONCLUSIONS Despite the clear association between elevated DNL activity and increased hepatic triglyceride levels, implementation of non-destructive and novel methods to quantify DNL and its contribution to NAFLD are also of huge interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Debas Belew
- Metabolism, Aging and Disease, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- Metabolism, Aging and Disease, Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
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Ferrari JEC, Palma M, Carli GC, Satiro TM, Tavares LC, Viegas I, Takahashi LS. Carbohydrate tolerance in Amazon tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) revealed by NMR-metabolomics - Are glucose and fructose different sugars for fruit-eating fish? COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2022; 41:100928. [PMID: 34847514 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, two approaches were followed to evaluate the metabolic responses of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), a frugivorous species, to intraperitoneal (IP) administration of glucose (GLU) and fructose (FRU) in fed (FED) and 10-day fasted (FAST) fish. Glucose and fructose tolerance tests were performed to assess the carbohydrate utilization and complementary NMR-metabolomics analyses were done to elucidate the impacts of sugar mobilization on the metabolic profile of plasma, liver and muscle. Blood was sampled from FED groups at 0, 3, 6 and 24 h; and at 0 and 24 h from FAST groups. Significant differences were observed in the hyperglycaemic peak between sugars at 3 h (GLU - 13.7 ± 2.0 mM vs. FRU - 8.7 ± 1.1 mM; saline 6.3 ± 0.6 mM) and on the return to normoglycaemia (GLU - 8.5 ± 2.2 mM vs. FRU - 5.2 ± 0.9 mM; saline 4.9 ± 0.6 mM) 6 h after IP on the FRU fish. The NMR-metabolomics approach allowed to conclude that tambaqui seems to be more responsive to the feeding regime (FED vs. FAST) than to the injected sugar (FRU vs. GLU). From the studied tissues, plasma showed no significant variations between feeding regimes at 24 h after IP, while muscle and liver revealed some variations on the final metabolome profile between FED and FAST groups. The metabolome variations between feeding regimes are indicative of changes on the amino acid utilization. Fish from FAST group seem to utilize amino acids as energy source rather than for protein synthesis and muscle growth. Variations on glucose concentration in muscle can also indicate different utilization of the sugars depending on the feeding regime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Palma
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Castellani Carli
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp (Caunesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences (FCAT-Unesp), Dracena 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Thaise Mota Satiro
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp (Caunesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Ludgero C Tavares
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-517, Portugal; CIVG - Vasco da Gama Research Center, University School Vasco da Gama - EUVG, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan Viegas
- University of Coimbra, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, Coimbra 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Leonardo Susumu Takahashi
- São Paulo State University (Unesp), Aquaculture Center of Unesp (Caunesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences (FCAT-Unesp), Dracena 17900-000, Brazil.
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Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ameliorates high-carbohydrate diet-induced metabolic phenotypes by restoration of intestinal acetate-producing bacteria in Nile Tilapia. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:653-665. [PMID: 33858522 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Poor utilisation efficiency of carbohydrate always leads to metabolic phenotypes in fish. The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in carbohydrate degradation. Whether the intestinal bacteria could alleviate high-carbohydrate diet (HCD)-induced metabolic phenotypes in fish remains unknown. Here, a strain affiliated to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was isolated from the intestine of Nile tilapia. A basal diet (CON), HCD or HCD supplemented with B. amy SS1 (HCB) was used to feed fish for 10 weeks. The beneficial effects of B. amy SS1 on weight gain and protein accumulation were observed. Fasting glucose and lipid deposition were decreased in the HCB group compared with the HCD group. High-throughput sequencing showed that the abundance of acetate-producing bacteria was increased in the HCB group relative to the HCD group. Gas chromatographic analysis indicated that the concentration of intestinal acetate was increased dramatically in the HCB group compared with that in the HCD group. Glucagon-like peptide-1 was also increased in the intestine and serum of the HCB group. Thus, fish were fed with HCD, HCD supplemented with sodium acetate at 900 mg/kg (HLA), 1800 mg/kg (HMA) or 3600 mg/kg (HHA) diet for 8 weeks, and the HMA and HHA groups mirrored the effects of B. amy SS1. This study revealed that B. amy SS1 could alleviate the metabolic phenotypes caused by HCD by enriching acetate-producing bacteria in fish intestines. Regulating the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites might represent a powerful strategy for fish nutrition modulation and health maintenance in future.
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Carvalho FX, Guerra-Carvalho B, Jarak I, Carvalho RA. Mitochondrial Regulation Assessment by 13C-NMR Isotopomer Analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2310:259-270. [PMID: 34096007 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1433-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in metabolic reprograming that occurs in numerous disease conditions. A precise evaluation of the extent of mitochondrial involvement in the metabolic alterations is essential for a better definition of metabolically based therapeutic strategies. In this chapter, some simple protocols are presented, using carbon 13 tracers and nuclear magnetic resonance isotopomer analysis, for the evaluation of mitochondrial contributions to intermediary metabolism and the metabolic effects of the implementation of some mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco X Carvalho
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Guerra-Carvalho
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivana Jarak
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal., University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui A Carvalho
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal., University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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9
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Panserat S, Plagnes-Juan E, Gazzola E, Palma M, Magnoni LJ, Marandel L, Viegas I. Hepatic Glycerol Metabolism-Related Genes in Carnivorous Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss): Insights Into Molecular Characteristics, Ontogenesis, and Nutritional Regulation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:882. [PMID: 32848841 PMCID: PMC7413064 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol metabolism in rainbow trout is poorly studied even though it is at the interface between lipid and glucose metabolism. Moreover, glycerol can be an important ingredient in new aquafeed formulation to decrease the catabolism of dietary amino acids. Thus, the present study aimed to characterize for the first time the different genes coding for key enzymes and proteins involved in hepatic glycerol metabolism. From the trout genomes, all the paralogous genes coding for glycerol transport (aqp9b), glycerol kinase (gk2a and gk5), glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase (pgp), and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd1a, gpd1b, and gpd1c) were identified. The ontogenesis determined that the capacity to metabolize glycerol begins with the apparition of the liver during the development (stage 22) and are more expressed at the endogenous–exogenous feeding period (stage 35). The postprandial regulation of the expression of these genes in juvenile trout showed that the postprandial peak of expression is between 4 and 24 h after the last meal for many of the genes, demonstrating that glycerol metabolism could be nutritionally regulated at a molecular level. However, surprisingly, no regulation of the mRNA abundance for the glycerol metabolism-related genes by different levels of dietary glycerol (0, 2.5, and 5%) have been detected, showing that hepatic glycerol metabolism is poorly regulated at a molecular level by dietary glycerol in rainbow trout juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Panserat
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Elsa Gazzola
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Mariana Palma
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leonardo J Magnoni
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NuMéA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Ivan Viegas
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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10
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Callet T, Hu H, Larroquet L, Surget A, Liu J, Plagnes-Juan E, Maunas P, Turonnet N, Mennigen JA, Bobe J, Burel C, Corraze G, Panserat S, Marandel L. Exploring the Impact of a Low-Protein High-Carbohydrate Diet in Mature Broodstock of a Glucose-Intolerant Teleost, the Rainbow Trout. Front Physiol 2020; 11:303. [PMID: 32499714 PMCID: PMC7243711 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable aquaculture production requires a greater reduction in the use of marine-derived ingredients, and one of the most promising solutions today is the augmentation in the proportion of digestible carbohydrates in aquafeed. This challenge is particularly difficult for high trophic level teleost fish as they are considered to be glucose-intolerant (growth delay and persistent postprandial hyperglycemia observed in juveniles fed a diet containing more than 20% of carbohydrates). It was previously suggested that broodstock could potentially use carbohydrates more efficiently than juveniles, probably due to important metabolic changes that occur during gametogenesis. To investigate this hypothesis, 2-year old male and female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were either fed a diet containing no carbohydrates (NC) or a 35%-carbohydrate diet (HC) for an entire reproductive cycle. Zootechnical parameters as well as the activities of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism were measured in livers and gonads. Fish were then reproduced to investigate the effects of such a diet on reproductive performance. Broodstock consumed the HC diet, and in contrast to what is commonly observed in juveniles, they were able to grow normally and they did not display postprandial hyperglycemia. The modulation of their hepatic metabolism, with an augmentation of the glycogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway and a possible better regulation of gluconeogenesis, may explain their improved ability to use dietary carbohydrates. Although the HC diet did induce precocious maturation, the reproductive performance of fish was not affected, confirming that broodstock are able to reproduce when fed a low-protein high-carbohydrate diet. In conclusion, this exploratory work has shown that broodstock are able to use a diet containing digestible carbohydrates as high as 35% and can then grow and reproduce normally over an entire reproductive cycle for females and at least at the beginning of the cycle for males. These results are highly promising and suggest that dietary carbohydrates can at least partially replace proteins in broodstock aquafeed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Callet
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Huihua Hu
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France.,State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Laurence Larroquet
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Anne Surget
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Jingwei Liu
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Patrick Maunas
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Nicolas Turonnet
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | | | - Julien Bobe
- INRAE, LPGP UR1037, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes, France
| | - Christine Burel
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Geneviève Corraze
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Stephane Panserat
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
| | - Lucie Marandel
- INRAE, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, NUMEA, Saint-Pée-sur-Nivelle, France
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11
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Palma M, Trenkner LH, Rito J, Tavares LC, Silva E, Glencross BD, Jones JG, Wade NM, Viegas I. Limitations to Starch Utilization in Barramundi ( Lates calcarifer) as Revealed by NMR-Based Metabolomics. Front Physiol 2020; 11:205. [PMID: 32265728 PMCID: PMC7098972 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Practical diets for commercial barramundi production rarely contain greater than 10% starch, used mainly as a binding agent during extrusion. Alternative ingredients such as digestible starch have shown some capacity to spare dietary protein catabolism to generate glucose. In the present study, a carnivorous fish species, the Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) was subjected to two diets with the same digestible energy: Protein (P) – with high protein content (no digestible starch); and Starch (S) – with high digestible (pregelatinized) starch content. The effects of a high starch content diet on hepatic glycogen synthesis as well as the muscle and liver metabolome were studied using a complementary approach of 1H and 2H NMR. The hepatosomatic index was lower for fish fed high starch content diet while the concentration of hepatic glycogen was similar between groups. However, increased glycogen synthesis via the direct pathway was observed in the fish fed high starch content diet which is indicative of increased carbohydrate utilization. Multivariate analysis also showed differences between groups in the metabolome of both tissues. Univariate analysis revealed more variations in liver than in muscle of fish fed high starch content diet. Variations in metabolome were generally in agreement with the increase in the glycogen synthesis through direct pathway, however, this metabolic shift seemed to be insufficient to keep the growth rate as ensured by the diet with high protein content. Although liver glycogen does not make up a substantial quantity of total stored dietary energy in carnivorous fish, it is a key regulatory intermediate in dietary energy utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Palma
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lauren H Trenkner
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - João Rito
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ludgero C Tavares
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Brett D Glencross
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John G Jones
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nicholas M Wade
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ivan Viegas
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Abstract
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) are a highly valued aquaculture species, and, as obligate carnivores, they have a demonstrated preference for dietary protein over lipid or starch to fuel energetic growth demands. In order to investigate how carnivorous fish regulate nutritional cues, we examined the metabolic effects of feeding two isoenergetic diets that contained different proportions of digestible protein or starch energy. Fish fed a high proportion of dietary starch energy had a higher proportion of liver SFA, but showed no change in plasma glucose levels, and few changes in the expression of genes regulating key hepatic metabolic pathways. Decreased activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin growth signalling cascade was consistent with decreased growth performance values. The fractional synthetic rate (lipogenesis), measured by TAG 2H-enrichment using 2H NMR, was significantly higher in barramundi fed with the starch diet compared with the protein diet (0·6 (se 0·1) v. 0·4 (se 0·1) % per d, respectively). Hepatic TAG-bound glycerol synthetic rates were much higher than other closely related fish such as sea bass, but were not significantly different (starch, 2·8 (se 0·3) v. protein, 3·4 (se 0·3) % per d), highlighting the role of glycerol as a metabolic intermediary and high TAG-FA cycling in barramundi. Overall, dietary starch significantly increased hepatic TAG through increased lipogenesis. Compared with other fish, barramundi possess a unique mechanism to metabolise dietary carbohydrates and this knowledge may define ways to improve performance of advanced formulated feeds.
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13
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Belew GD, Silva J, Rito J, Tavares L, Viegas I, Teixeira J, Oliveira PJ, Macedo MP, Jones JG. Transfer of glucose hydrogens via acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and NADPH to fatty acids during de novo lipogenesis. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:2050-2056. [PMID: 31575642 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deuterated water (2H2O) is widely used for measuring de novo lipogenesis (DNL). 2H is incorporated into fatty acids via exchange between body water and the hydrogens of acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, and NADPH. Previous studies concluded that these exchanges are incomplete; therefore, fatty acid 2H enrichment requires correcting. In mice, we measured the 2H enrichment of fatty acid positions 2 and 3 and methyl hydrogens from [U-2H7]glucose to determine 2H transfer from glucose to fatty acid via malonyl-CoA, NADPH, and acetyl-CoA, respectively. Positional fatty acid 2H enrichments were compared with 13C enrichment of the same sites from an equivalent amount of [U-13C6]glucose provided alongside the [U-2H7]glucose tracer. Transfer of glucose 2H to fatty acid position 2 and methyl sites was low (2H enrichment of 0.06 ± 0.01 and 0.14 ± 0.01 relative to 13C) indicating extensive exchange at both malonyl- and acetyl-CoA, respectively. Transfer of glucose 2H into fatty acid position 3 was more extensive (0.46 ± 0.04 relative to 13C, P < 10-5 vs. position 2), indicating a more limited exchange of those glucose hydrogens that were transferred via NADPH. However, mice provided with [U-13C6]glucose and 2H2O had equivalent 2H enrichments of fatty acid positions 2 and 3, suggesting that in this setting, NADPH and body water 2H had exchanged extensively. This is explained by contributions of substrates other than exogenous glucose to DNL coupled with their extensive 2H enrichment from 2H2O prior to DNL. Under such conditions, 2H enrichment of fatty acids from 2H2O does not need correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Debas Belew
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra-Biotech University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joao Silva
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra-Biotech University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joao Rito
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra-Biotech University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ludgero Tavares
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra-Biotech University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan Viegas
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra-Biotech University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jose Teixeira
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra-Biotech University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra-Biotech University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Macedo
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Medical Sciences, Universidade Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra-Biotech University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal .,Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Metabolic Effects of Dietary Glycerol Supplementation in Muscle and Liver of European Seabass and Rainbow Trout by 1H NMR Metabolomics. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9100202. [PMID: 31569727 PMCID: PMC6835518 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainable growth of fish aquaculture will require the procurement of non-marine feed sources. Glycerol is a potential feed supplement whose metabolism may spare the catabolism of dietary amino acids, thereby extending the use of the feed protein to other physiological functions such as growth. In the present study, the effects of dietary glycerol supplementation on the muscle and liver metabolomes of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) were evaluated. Fish juveniles were fed diets with 0%, 2.5%, and 5% glycerol. Muscle and liver aqueous fractions were extracted and 1H NMR spectra were acquired. Metabolite profiles derived from the 1H NMR signals were assessed using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. The adenylate energy charge was determined in the muscle. For both species, the muscle metabolite profile showed more variability compared to that of the liver and was most perturbed by the 5.0% glycerol diet. For the liver metabolite profile, rainbow trout showed fewer differences compared to European seabass. No differences were observed in energy charge between experimental groups for either species. Thus, rainbow trout appeared to be less susceptible to tissue metabolite perturbations, compared to seabass, when the diet was supplemented with up to 5% glycerol.
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15
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Silva JCP, Marques C, Martins FO, Viegas I, Tavares L, Macedo MP, Jones JG. Determining contributions of exogenous glucose and fructose to de novo fatty acid and glycerol synthesis in liver and adipose tissue. Metab Eng 2019; 56:69-76. [PMID: 31473320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The de novo synthesis of triglyceride (TG) fatty acids (FA) and glycerol can be measured with stable isotope tracers. However, these methods typically do not inform the contribution of a given substrate to specific pathways on these synthetic processes. We integrated deuterated water (2H2O) measurement of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and glycerol-3-phosphate (GLY) synthesis from all substrates with a 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method that quantifies TG FA and glycerol enrichment from a specific [U-13C]precursor. This allowed the [U-13C]precursor contribution to DNL and GLY to be estimated. We applied this method in mice to determine the contributions of fructose and glucose supplemented in the drinking water to DNL and GLY in liver, mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT). In liver, fructose contributed significantly more to DNL of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and oleate as well as to GLY compared to glucose. Moreover, its contribution to SFA synthesis was significantly higher compared to that of oleate. MAT and SCAT had lower fractional rates of total DNL and GLY compared to liver and glucose was utilized more predominantly than fructose for TG synthesis in these tissues. This novel 2H2O/13C integrated method revealed for the first time, tissue specific selection of substrates for DNL, particularly fructose in regard to glucose in liver. Also, this approach was able to resolve the distribution of specific FAs into the TG sn2 and sn1,3 sites. This stable isotope integrated approach yielded information so far uncovered by other lipidomic tools and should powerfully assist in other nutritional, pathological or environmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C P Silva
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cátia Marques
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fátima O Martins
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School / Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ivan Viegas
- CFE - Center for Functional Ecology, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ludgero Tavares
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Paula Macedo
- CEDOC-Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School / Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Medical Sciences, Universidade Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - John G Jones
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; APDP-Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal.
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16
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Viegas I, Trenkner LH, Rito J, Palma M, Tavares LC, Jones JG, Glencross BD, Wade NM. Impact of dietary starch on extrahepatic tissue lipid metabolism in farmed European (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 231:170-176. [PMID: 30818019 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, there is high interest in substituting marine-derived with vegetable-based ingredients as energy source. Farmed carnivorous fish under high carbohydrate diets tend to increase adiposity but it remains unclear if this happens by increased lipid retention/accumulation, promotion of lipogenic pathways, or both. In order to determine the response of extrahepatic tissue to dietary starch, European (Dicentrarchus labrax) and Asian (Lates calcarifer) seabass were fed a control (low starch; LS) or experimental (high starch; HS) diet, for at least 21 days and then transferred for 6 days to saltwater enriched with deuterated water 2H2O. Incorporation of 2H-labelling follows well-defined metabolic steps, and analysis of triacylglycerols (TAG) 2H-enrichment by 2HNMR allowed evaluation of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in muscle and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Fractional synthetic rates for TAG-bound fatty acids and glycerol were quantified separately providing a detailed lipogenic profile. The FA profile differed substantially between muscle and VAT in both species, but their lipogenic fluxes revealed even greater differences. In European seabass, HS promoted DNL of TAG-bound FA, in muscle and VAT. High 2H-enrichment also found in muscle TAG-bound glycerol was indicative of its role on lipid cycling. In Asian seabass, HS had no effect on muscle FA composition and lipogenic flux, with no 2H-enriched TAG being detected. VAT on the other hand revealed a strong enhancement of DNL in HS-fed fish along with high TAG-bound glycerol cycling. This study consolidated the use of 2H2O as tracer for fish lipid metabolism in different tissues, under different dietary conditions and suitable to use in different fish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Viegas
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lauren H Trenkner
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; School of Agricultural and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4067, Australia
| | - João Rito
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Palma
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ludgero C Tavares
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - John G Jones
- Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Brett D Glencross
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Wade
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
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17
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Villasante J, Girbal M, Metón I, Almajano MP. Effects of Pecan Nut ( Carya illinoiensis) and Roselle Flower ( Hibiscus sabdariffa) as Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Agents for Sardines ( Sardina pilchardus). Molecules 2018; 24:E85. [PMID: 30591660 PMCID: PMC6337500 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis) and roselle flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents on shelf life extension of sardines (Sardina pilchardus) were evaluated over a period of 5 days at 7 ± 1 °C. Treatments consisted of the addition of 5% and 10% w/w pecan nut, 5% w/w roselle flower and a combination of 5% of each. Physicochemical (lipid oxidation, fatty acids, hexanal and biogenic amines), sensory and microbiological characteristics of fish samples were periodically analyzed. All treatments effectively improved physicochemical quality parameters, with 10% w/w pecan nut having the highest effectiveness. The presence of roselle flower reduced microbial growth. Our findings suggest that addition of a natural preservative combining pecan nut and roselle flower may extend the shelf life of fresh sardines during chilled storage while maintaining quality indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Villasante
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av.Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Girbal
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av.Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Department de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Universitat de Barcelona. Av. de Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - María Pilar Almajano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av.Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Jarak I, Tavares L, Palma M, Rito J, Carvalho RA, Viegas I. Response to dietary carbohydrates in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) muscle tissue as revealed by NMR-based metabolomics. Metabolomics 2018; 14:95. [PMID: 30830389 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1390-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Feed optimization is a key step to the environmental and economic sustainability of aquaculture, especially for carnivorous species. Plant-derived ingredients can contribute to reduce costs and nitrogenous effluents while sparing wild fish stocks. However, the metabolic use of carbohydrates from vegetable sources by carnivorous fish is still not completely understood. OBJECTIVES We aimed to study the effects of diets with carbohydrates of different digestibilities, gelatinized starch (DS) and raw starch (RS), in the muscle metabolome of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). METHODS We followed an NMR-metabolomics approach, using two sample preparation procedures, the intact muscle (HRMAS) and the aqueous muscle extracts (1H NMR), to compare the variations in muscle metabolome between the two diets. RESULTS In muscle, multivariate analysis revealed similar metabolome shifts for DS and RS diets, when compared with the control diet. HRMAS of intact muscle, which included both hydrophobic and hydrophilic metabolites, showed increased lipid in DS-fed fish by univariate analysis. Regardless of the nature of the starch, increased glycine and phenylalanine, and decreased proline were observed when compared to the Ctr diet. Combined univariate analysis of intact muscle and aqueous extracts indicated specific diet related changes in lipid and amino acid metabolism, consistent with increased dietary carbohydrate supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Due to differential sample processing, outputs differ in detail but provide complementary information. After tracing nutritional alterations by profiling fillet components, DS seems to be the most promising alternative to fishmeal-based diets in aquaculture. This approach should be reproducible for other farmed fish species and provide valuable information on nutritional and organoleptic properties of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Jarak
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Department of Microscopy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ludgero Tavares
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Palma
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Rito
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui A Carvalho
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan Viegas
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal.
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19
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Rito J, Viegas I, Pardal MA, Metón I, Baanante IV, Jones JG. Disposition of a Glucose Load into Hepatic Glycogen by Direct and Indirect Pathways in Juvenile Seabass and Seabream. Sci Rep 2018; 8:464. [PMID: 29323287 PMCID: PMC5765127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19087-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In carnivorous fish, conversion of a glucose load to hepatic glycogen is widely used to assess their metabolic flexibility towards carbohydrate utilization, but the activities of direct and indirect pathways in this setting are unclear. We assessed the conversion of an intraperitoneal glucose load (2 g.kg-1) enriched with [U-13C6]glucose to hepatic glycogen in juvenile seabass and seabream. 13C-NMR analysis of glycogen was used to determine the contribution of the load to glycogen synthesis via direct and indirect pathways at 48-hr post-injection. For seabass, [U-13C6]glucose was accompanied by deuterated water and 2H-NMR analysis of glycogen 2H-enrichment, allowing endogenous substrate contributions to be assessed as well. For fasted seabass and seabream, 47 ± 5% and 64 ± 10% of glycogen was synthesized from the load, respectively. Direct and indirect pathways contributed equally (25 ± 3% direct, 21 ± 1% indirect for seabass; 35 ± 7% direct, 29 ± 4% indirect for seabream). In fasted seabass, integration of 2H- and 13C-NMR analysis indicated that endogenous glycerol and anaplerotic substrates contributed an additional 7 ± 2% and 7 ± 1%, respectively. In fed seabass, glucose load contributions were residual and endogenous contributions were negligible. Concluding, direct and indirect pathways contributed equally and substantially to fasting hepatic glycogen repletion from a glucose load in juvenile seabream and seabass.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Rito
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, 1° Piso da FMUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ivan Viegas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, 1° Piso da FMUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Pardal
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isidoro Metón
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Joan XXIII 27, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel V Baanante
- Secció de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Joan XXIII 27, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - John G Jones
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua Larga, 1° Piso da FMUC, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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20
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Viegas I, Araújo PM, Rocha AD, Villegas A, Jones JG, Ramos JA, Masero JA, Alves JA. Metabolic plasticity for subcutaneous fat accumulation in a long distance migratory bird traced by 2H2O. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:1072-1078. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.150490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The migrant black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa) traditionally used natural wetlands in the Iberian Peninsula preparing for migratory flights by feeding mainly in estuaries. In recent decades this species has become increasingly dependent on rice fields, thereby relying on a plant-based diet for fueling. Dietary fatty acids (FA) seem to be determinant to the composition of accumulated subcutaneous fat in migratory birds. It is still unclear whether metabolic plasticity allows for modification and/or synthesis of FA, contributing for a lipid profile that enables a successful migratory performance.
Deuterated water was administered to captive black-tailed godwits submitted to two diets (fly larvae vs. rice) and the incorporation of deuterium (2H) into subcutaneous triglycerides was analysed by NMR. A recently developed localized biopsy method for sampling subcutaneous fat was employed with ulterior successful release of all birds into the wild. The average chemical structure reflected mostly a mixture of saturated and monounsaturated 16- and 18-carbon FA, a profile frequently found in migrant birds. Significantly higher levels of polyunsaturated FA, as well as detectable levels of n-3 FA were observed in fly larvae-fed birds. Excess 2H-enrichments in FA revealed significantly higher rates of fractional de novo lipogenesis and FA desaturation capacity in rice-fed birds.
This novel and non-lethal tracer method revealed the capacity of this species to alter its lipid metabolism to compensate for a poorer dietary lipid contribution. Due to its versatility, adapting this method to other scenarios and/or other migratory species is considered feasible and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Viegas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- CFE - Center for Functional Ecology, Department Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro M. Araújo
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Afonso D. Rocha
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Auxiliadora Villegas
- Conservation Biology Research Group, Área de Zoología, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - John G. Jones
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jaime A. Ramos
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José A. Masero
- Conservation Biology Research Group, Área de Zoología, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain
| | - José A. Alves
- CESAM, Dep. Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3180-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- University of Iceland, South Iceland Research Centre, Fjölheimer, Bankavegur IS-800 Selfoss, Iceland
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21
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Determination of muscle protein synthesis rates in fish using 2H2O and 2H NMR analysis of alanine. Anal Biochem 2016; 509:111-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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