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Loukil I, Mutch DM, Plourde M. Genetic association between FADS and ELOVL polymorphisms and the circulating levels of EPA/DHA in humans: a scoping review. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:11. [PMID: 38844860 PMCID: PMC11157910 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-024-00747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are two omega-3 fatty acids that can be synthesized out of their precursor alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). FADS and ELOVL genes encode the desaturase and elongase enzymes required for EPA and DHA synthesis from ALA; however, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FADS and ELOVL genes could modify the levels of EPA and DHA synthesized from ALA although there is no consensus in this area. This review aims to investigate EPA and DHA circulating levels in human blood and their association with FADS or ELOVL. METHODS PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus databases were used to identify research articles. They were subsequently reviewed by two independent investigators. RESULTS Initially, 353 papers were identified. After removing duplicates and articles not meeting inclusion criteria, 98 full text papers were screened. Finally, this review included 40 studies investigating FADS and/or ELOVL polymorphisms. A total of 47 different SNPs in FADS genes were reported. FADS1 rs174537, rs174547, rs174556 and rs174561 were the most studied SNPs, with minor allele carriers having lower levels of EPA and DHA. SNPs in the FADS genes were in high linkage disequilibrium. SNPs in FADS were correlated with levels of EPA and DHA. No conclusion could be drawn with the ELOVL polymorphisms since the number of studies was too low. CONCLUSION Specific SNPs in FADS gene, such as rs174537, have strong associations with circulating levels of EPA and DHA. Continued investigation regarding the impact of genetic variants related to EPA and DHA synthesis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insaf Loukil
- Research Center on Aging, Health, and Social Sciences Center, Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke University Geriatrics Institute, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1G 1B1, Canada
- Department de Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and health sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Research Center on Aging, Health, and Social Sciences Center, Department of Medicine, Sherbrooke University Geriatrics Institute, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1G 1B1, Canada.
- Department de Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and health sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Sublette ME, Daray FM, Ganança L, Shaikh SR. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the neurobiology of major depressive disorder and suicide risk. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:269-286. [PMID: 37993501 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are obtained from diet or derived from essential shorter-chain fatty acids, and are crucial for brain development and functioning. Fundamentally, LC-PUFAs' neurobiological effects derive from their physicochemical characteristics, including length and double bond configuration, which differentiate LC-PUFA species and give rise to functional differences between n(omega)-3 and n-6 LC-PUFAs. LC-PUFA imbalances are implicated in psychiatric disorders, including major depression and suicide risk. Dietary intake and genetic variants in enzymes involved in biosynthesis of LC-PUFAs from shorter chain fatty acids influence LC-PUFA status. Domains impacted by LC-PUFAs include 1) cell signaling, 2) inflammation, and 3) bioenergetics. 1) As major constituents of lipid bilayers, LC-PUFAs are determinants of cell membrane properties of viscosity and order, affecting lipid rafts, which play a role in regulation of membrane-bound proteins involved in cell-cell signaling, including monoaminergic receptors and transporters. 2) The n-3:n-6 LC-PUFA balance profoundly influences inflammation. Generally, metabolic products of n-6 LC-PUFAs (eicosanoids) are pro-inflammatory, while those of n-3 LC-PUFAs (docosanoids) participate in the resolution of inflammation. Additionally, n-3 LC-PUFAs suppress microglial activation and the ensuing proinflammatory cascade. 3) N-3 LC-PUFAs in the inner mitochondrial membrane affect oxidative stress, suppressing production of and scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), with neuroprotective benefits. Until now, this wealth of knowledge about LC-PUFA biomechanisms has not been adequately tapped to develop translational studies of LC-PUFA clinical effects in humans. Future studies integrating neurobiological mechanisms with clinical outcomes may suggest ways to identify depressed individuals most likely to respond to n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation, and mechanistic research may generate new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology Area, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Federico Manuel Daray
- University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Licínia Ganança
- Clínica Universitária de Psiquiatria e Psicologia Médica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Departamento de Psiquiatria e Saúde Mental, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Nutritional Obesity Research Center, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Xu WH, Chen YR, Tian HM, Chen YF, Gong JY, Yu HT, Liu GL, Xie L. Effects of dietary PUFA patterns and FADS genotype on breast milk PUFAs in Chinese lactating mothers. GENES & NUTRITION 2023; 18:16. [PMID: 37880594 PMCID: PMC10598896 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-023-00735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breastfeeding affects the growth and development of infants, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a crucial role in this process. To explore the factors influencing the PUFA concentration in breast milk, we conducted research on two aspects: dietary fatty acid patterns and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in maternal fatty acid desaturase genes. METHODS Three hundred seventy Chinese Han lactating mothers were recruited. A dietary semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to investigate the dietary intake of lactating mothers from 22 to 25 days postpartum for 1 year. Meanwhile, breast milk samples were collected from the participants and tested for the concentrations of 8 PUFAs and 10 SNP genotypes. We sought to determine the effect of dietary PUFA patterns and SNPs on breast milk PUFAs. We used SPSS 24.0 statistical software for data analysis. Statistical tests were all bilateral tests, with P < 0.05 as statistically significant. RESULTS Under the same dietary background, PUFA contents in breast milk expressed by most major allele homozygote mothers tended to be higher than that expressed by their counterparts who carried minor allele genes. Moreover, under the same gene background, PUFA contents in breast milk expressed by the mother's intake of essential PUFA pattern tended to be higher than that expressed by their counterparts who took the other two kinds of dietary. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that different genotypes and dietary PUFA patterns affect PUFA levels in breast milk. We recommend that lactating mothers consume enough essential fatty acids to ensure that their infants ingest sufficient PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, China-Japan, Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130032, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hui-Min Tian
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi-Fei Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jia-Yu Gong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hai-Tao Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guo-Liang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, No. 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China.
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Li P, Chen Y, Song J, Yan L, Tang T, Wang R, Fan X, Zhao Y, Qi K. Maternal DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs supplementation interacts with FADS genotypes to influence the profiles of PUFAs in the colostrum among Chinese Han population: a birth cohort study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:48. [PMID: 35871074 PMCID: PMC9308251 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the fatty acid desaturases and elongases might associate with the endogenous synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). However, the related epidemiological evidence is still conflicting. So we aimed to clearly evaluate the interactions between maternal DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs supplementation and the known 26 SNPs on the profiles of PUFAs in the colostrum using a Chinese birth cohort. Methods Totally, 1050 healthy mother-infant pairs were enrolled in this study at gestational 6–8 weeks when they established their pregnancy files at Fuxing Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University in Beijing from January to December 2018. Meanwhile, their venous blood samples were obtained for DNA extraction to detect the genotypes of SNPs in the Fads1, Fads2, Fads3, Elovl2 and Elovl5 using the Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry. Then the colostrum samples were collected to determine the profiles of PUFAs by gas chromatography. Results Maternal DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs supplementation from the early and middle pregnancy could reduce the infant BMI at birth, and impact the profiles of PUFAs in the colostrum, as higher n-3 PUFAs (EPA, DHA, DHA/ALA and DHA/EPA), lower n-6 PUFAs (AA and AA/LA) and ∑-6/n-3ΣPUFAs. Moreover, there were significant correlations between multiple SNPs and the profiles of n-6 PUFAs (rs76996928 for LA, rs174550, rs174553 and rs174609 for AA, rs174550 and rs76996928 for AA/LA) and n-3 PUFAs in the colostrum (rs174448, rs174537, rs174550, rs174553, rs174598, rs3168072, rs174455 and rs174464 for ALA, rs174550, rs174553 and rs174598 for EPA, rs174455 and rs174464 for DHA, rs174448 and rs3168072 for DHA/EPA) using the multiple linear regressions by adjusting the maternal age, gestational week, mode of delivery, infant sex and BMI at birth, and all these above significant SNPs had the cumulative effects on the profiles of PUFAs. Furthermore, the pairwise comparisons also showed the meaningful interactions between maternal DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs supplementation and related genotypes of SNPs (rs76996928 for LA, rs174598 for EPA, rs174448 for DHA and DHA/EPA) on the contents of PUFAs in the colostrum. Conclusions Results from this birth cohort study proved that the pregnant women with the following SNPs such as Fads3 rs174455 T, Fads3 rs174464 A and Fads1 rs174448 G alleles should pay more attention on their exogenous DHA supplementation from the early and middle pregnancy for the blocked endogenous synthesis. Trial registration: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Pediatric Research Institution, Beijing Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University (2016–08), which was also registered at the website of http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=4673 (No: ChiCTR-OCH-14004900). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00683-3.
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Dao X, Zhang D, Wang L, Wang L. Analysis of human milk fatty acid composition and its correlation with diet pattern (A study in Tibetan population gathering area). J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2022.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zielinska-Pukos MA, Bryś J, Wesolowska A, Hamulka J. Breastmilk PUFA strongly associated with maternal dietary intake but not anthropometric parameters and breastmilk carotenoids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 186:102505. [PMID: 36279603 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the optimal n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratio are essential for proper neurodevelopment in infancy. This study aimed to evaluate the association between breastmilk fatty acid intake and maternal dietary intake, anthropometrics and breastmilk carotenoid levels. METHODS This observational, prospective study included 44 women in the first, third, and sixth month of lactation. At each study visit, maternal anthropometric measures were assessed and breastmilk samples were collected and assessed for fatty acids and carotenoids. At the third and sixth month, maternal diet was evaluated by three-day foods record. RESULTS Mean breastmilk docosahexaenoic (DHA) was 0.58%, 0.47%, and 0.49%, respectively at the 1, 3, and 6 month (p ≤ 0.05). Mean DHA intake were higher in month 3 compared to 6: 357 vs. 169 mg/day. Pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with SFA, PUFA, and n-6 PUFA at 1 month, whereas current BMI to SFA at months 1 and 3. DHA was correlated with lycopene, total carotenoids at 1 month and total carotenoids at month 3, whereas n-3 PUFA to lycopene at 1 month. DHA, n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA and saturated (SFA) levels were associated with its dietary intake both at months 3 and 6, AA/DHA and LA/ALA ratios only at month 3. CONCLUSIONS Maternal intake of PUFA and n-6/n-3 ratios were a good predictor of its breastmilk composition, whereas pre-pregnancy and current BMI, as well as breastmilk carotenoids had a limited influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Zielinska-Pukos
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - J Bryś
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - A Wesolowska
- Laboratory of Human Milk and Lactation Research, Regional Human Milk Bank in Holy Family Hospital, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 14/16 Litewska St., 00-575 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - J Hamulka
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska St. 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Yu HT, Xu WH, Chen YR, Ji Y, Tang YW, Li YT, Gong JY, Chen YF, Liu GL, Xie L. Association of Prepregnancy Obesity and Remodeled Maternal-Fetal Plasma Fatty Acid Profiles. Front Nutr 2022; 9:897059. [PMID: 35651505 PMCID: PMC9149296 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.897059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), are found abundantly in the brain and are fundamental for a fetus's growth. The fatty acid profiles of mothers and fetuses may be affected by maternal prepregnancy body mass index (pre-BMI), thus affecting fetal growth and development. Methods A total of 103 mother-fetus pairs were divided into overweight/obese (OW, n = 26), normal weight (NW, n = 60), and underweight (UW, n = 17) groups according to pre-BMI. Fatty acid profiles in maternal and umbilical cord plasma were analyzed by gas chromatography. Results The infant birth BMI z-score of the OW group was higher than that of the NW and UW groups (p < 0.05). The OW mothers had significantly higher plasma n-6 PUFA and n-6/n-3, but lower docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and n-3 PUFA (p < 0.05). In cord plasma, the proportions of DHA and n-3 PUFA were lower in the OW group (p < 0.05), whereas the n-6/n-3 ratio was higher in the OW group (p < 0.05). The pre-BMI was negatively correlated with cord plasma DHA in all subjects (r = −0.303, p = 0.002), and the same negative correlation can be observed in the OW group (r = −0.561, p = 0.004), but not in the NW and UW groups (p > 0.05). The pre-BMI was positively correlated with cord plasma n-6/n-3 in all subjects (r = 0.325, p = 0.001), and the same positive correlation can be found in the OW group (r = 0.558, p = 0.004), but not in NW and UW groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions Maternal pre-BMI was associated with the maternal-fetal plasma fatty acid profiles, whereas the adverse fatty acid profiles are more noticeable in the prepregnancy OW mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Hui Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Ji
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Wei Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue-Ting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Yu Gong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi-Fei Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guo-Liang Liu
- Experimental Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Liu J, Wang J, Xu W, Zeng L, Wang C, An Y, Tian H, Zeng B, Dong Q, Ji Y, Gao X, Du G, Liu J, Su J, Xie H, Xie L. Amyloid fibril formation by casein and fatty acid composition in breast milk of mastitis patients. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14183. [PMID: 35383958 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis can cause changes in the nutrient composition of breast milk, which may be harmful to both newborns and lactating mothers. In this study we preliminarily evaluated amyloid fibrils formation by casein and fatty acids (FA), as well as their potential relation with each other in the breast milk of mastitis patients. Six healthy volunteers and six mastitis patients were recruited from the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in Changchun were enrolled. Amyloid fibril content was assessed by thioflavin T fluorescence analysis, transmission electron microscope, circular dichroism, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. FA contents were measured by gas chromatography. Healthy breast milk contained no amyloid fibrils but inflammatory breast milk did. Several FAs (hendecanoic acid, myristolenic acid, pentadecenoic acid, eicosatrienoic acid) differed significantly between the two groups (p < .05). The concentrations of the eicosatrienoic acid and eleven carbonic acids in the inflammatory groups were lower than those in the healthy groups, but the myristolenic acid and pentadecenoic acid were the opposite trend. Early detection of amyloid fibrils should be performed in lactating mothers with mastitis. Changes in FAs may reflect the importance of abnormal metabolism in amyloid fibril formation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The work preliminarily clarified the relationship between inflammation, fibril content, and fatty acid (FA) composition in breast milk. Healthy milk contained no amyloid fibril formed by casein but the inflammatory milk did. FAs were also significantly different between the two groups. Thus, an early determination of amyloid fibrils in milk should be considered for lactating women with mastitis to avoid the further malignant development. Additionally, the changes in FAs may reflect the importance of abnormal metabolism and oxidative pathways in amyloid fibril formation in the breast. Therefore, this study provided foundations for further investigation on the association between inflammation, fibril content and FA composition in breast milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Liu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wenhui Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- Bethune Institute of Epigenetic Medicine, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular, Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Huimin Tian
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Baohua Zeng
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Qinghai Dong
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Ji
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaojun Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Guangguang Du
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jun Su
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongliu Xie
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Pharmacy College, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Association Analysis between Genetic Variants of elovl5a and elovl5b and Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030466. [PMID: 35336839 PMCID: PMC8945013 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary PUFAs have an essential impact on human health, but their availability constitutes a critical bottleneck in food production. Although fish is the traditional source of PUFAs, it is limited by the stagnation of fisheries. Many studies aim to increase the PUFA products of fish. Genetic markers are efficient in aquaculture breeding. Fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2) and elongase 5 (elovl5) are the rate-limiting enzymes in the synthesis of PUFAs. The allo-tetraploid common carp is able to biosynthesize endogenous PUFAs. However, selective breeding common carp with high PUFA contents was hindered due to a lack of effective molecular markers. For future breeding common carp capable of producing endogenous PUFAs more effectively, we previously identified the polymorphisms in the coding regions of two duplicated fads2, fads2a and fads2b. However, the polymorphisms in the duplicated elovl5, elovl5a and elovl5b, were not detected. This study screened the genetic variants in the coding regions of elovl5a and elovl5b. Moreover, the joint effects of multiple coding SNPs in fads2b and elovl5b, two major genes regulating the PUFA biosynthesis, were evidenced with the increased explained percentages of the PUFA contents. These polymorphisms in these two genes were used to evaluate the breeding values of PUFAs. These SNPs would be potential markers for future selection to improve the PUFA contents in common carp. Abstract The allo-tetraploid common carp, one widely cultured food fish, is able to produce poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The genetic markers on the PUFA contents for breeding was limited. The polymorphisms in elovl5a and elovl5b, the rate-limiting enzymes in the PUFA biosynthesis, have not been investigated yet. Herein, we identified one coding SNP (cSNP) in elovl5a associated with the content of one PUFA and two cSNPs in elovl5b with the contents of eight PUFAs. The heterozygous genotypes in these three loci were associated with higher contents than the homozygotes. Together with previously identified two associated cSNPs in fads2b, we found the joint effect of these four cSNPs in fads2b and elovl5b on the PUFA contents with the increased explained percentages of PUFA contents. The genotype combinations of more heterozygotes were associated with higher PUFA contents than the other combinations. Using ten genomic selection programs with all cSNPs in fads2b and elovl5b, we obtained the high and positive correlations between the phenotypes and the estimated breeding values of eight PUFAs. These results suggested that elovl5b might be the major gene corresponding to common carp PUFA contents compared with elovl5a. The cSNP combinations in fads2b and elovl5b and the optimal genomic selection program will be used in the future selection breeding to improve the PUFA contents of common carp.
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Chen Z, Cao X, Lu Q, Zhou J, Wang Y, Wu Y, Mao Y, Xu H, Yang Z. circ01592 regulates unsaturated fatty acid metabolism through adsorbing miR-218 in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:12047-12058. [PMID: 34761771 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02797b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The composition of fatty acids plays a key role in regulating milk flavor and quality. Therefore, to improve the quality of milk, it is particularly important to study the regulatory mechanism of fatty acid metabolism in dairy cows. In this study, the expression profiles at non-lactation, peak-lactation, mid-lactation and late-lactation were constructed by high-throughput sequencing. Considering non-lactation as the control group and the other points as the experimental groups, the differentially expressed genes were screened. ELOVL5 was significantly upregulated and was selected for subsequent analyses. Bioinformatics prediction, a dual-luciferase assay, qPCR analysis and western blot analysis were used for verification. The results showed that ELOVL5 was a downstream target gene of miR-218 that regulated milk fat metabolism. A dual-luciferase assay and expression level analysis showed that circ01592 can directly bind to miR-218 and that overexpression of circ01592 (pcDNA-circ01592) significantly reduced the expression of miR-218 and enhanced the expression of ELOVL5, the target gene of miR-218 in BMECs. A functional study of BMECs showed that circ01592 promoted the synthesis of TAG and increased the content of UFA. The function of miR-218 was opposite to that of circ01592. Overall, the data showed that circ01592 promoted TAG synthesis and fatty acid composition by binding miR-218, alleviating the inhibitory effect of miR-218 on ELOVL5 expression. These mechanisms provide a new research approach and theoretical basis for improving milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qinyue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongjiang Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huifen Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China. .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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11
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Carlson SE, Schipper L, Brenna JT, Agostoni C, Calder PC, Forsyth S, Legrand P, Abrahamse-Berkeveld M, van de Heijning BJM, van der Beek EM, Koletzko BV, Muhlhausler B. Perspective: Moving Toward Desirable Linoleic Acid Content in Infant Formula. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2085-2098. [PMID: 34265035 PMCID: PMC8634410 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infant formula should provide the appropriate nutrients and adequate energy to facilitate healthy infant growth and development. If conclusive data on quantitative nutrient requirements are not available, the composition of human milk (HM) can provide some initial guidance on the infant formula composition. This paper provides a narrative review of the current knowledge, unresolved questions, and future research needs in the area of HM fatty acid (FA) composition, with a particular focus on exploring appropriate intake levels of the essential FA linoleic acid (LA) in infant formula. The paper highlights a clear gap in clinical evidence as to the impact of LA levels in HM or formula on infant outcomes, such as growth, development, and long-term health. The available preclinical information suggests potential disadvantages of high LA intake in the early postnatal period. We recommend performing well-designed clinical intervention trials to create clarity on optimal levels of LA to achieve positive impacts on both short-term growth and development and long-term functional health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J Thomas Brenna
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Pediatric Area, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’Granda- Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Philip C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie-Nutrition Humaine, Agrocampus–French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Eline M van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Berthold V Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Department of Paediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Beverly Muhlhausler
- Nutrition and Health Program, Health and Biosecurity, CSIRO, Adelaide, Australia,School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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12
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Metherel AH, Irfan M, Klingel SL, Mutch DM, Bazinet RP. Higher Increase in Plasma DHA in Females Compared to Males Following EPA Supplementation May Be Influenced by a Polymorphism in ELOVL2: An Exploratory Study. Lipids 2020; 56:211-228. [PMID: 33174255 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Young adult females have higher blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 22:6n-3 levels than males, and this is believed to be due to higher DHA synthesis rates, although DHA may also accumulate due to a longer half-life or a combination of both. However, sex differences in blood fatty acid responses to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 20:5n-3 or DHA supplementation have not been fully investigated. In this exploratory analysis, females and males (n = 14-15 per group) were supplemented with 3 g/day EPA, 3 g/day DHA, or olive oil control for 12 weeks. Plasma was analyzed for sex effects at baseline and changes following 12 weeks' supplementation for fatty acid levels and carbon-13 signature (δ13 C). Following EPA supplementation, the increase in plasma DHA in females (+23.8 ± 11.8, nmol/mL ± SEM) was higher than males (-13.8 ± 9.2, p < 0.01). The increase in plasma δ13 C-DHA of females (+2.79 ± 0.31, milliUrey (mUr ± SEM) compared with males (+1.88 ± 0.44) did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.10). The sex effect appears driven largely by increased plasma DHA in the AA genotype of females (+58.8 ± 11.5, nmol/mL ± SEM, n = 5) compared to GA + GG in females (+4.34 ± 13.5, n = 9) and AA in males (-29.1 ± 17.2, n = 6) for rs953413 in the ELOVL2 gene (p < 0.001). In conclusion, EPA supplementation increases plasma DHA levels in females compared to males, which may be dependent on the AA genotype for rs953413 in ELOVL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam H Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Maha Irfan
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shannon L Klingel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
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13
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Kothapalli KSD, Park HG, Brenna JT. Polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and genetics. implications for interindividual variability in prothrombotic, inflammatory conditions such as COVID-19 ✰,✰✰,★,★★. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 162:102183. [PMID: 33038834 PMCID: PMC7527828 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 symptoms vary from silence to rapid death, the latter mediated by both a cytokine storm and a thrombotic storm. SARS-CoV (2003) induces Cox-2, catalyzing the synthesis, from highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), of eicosanoids and docosanoids that mediate both inflammation and thrombosis. HUFA balance between arachidonic acid (AA) and other HUFA is a likely determinant of net signaling to induce a healthy or runaway physiological response. AA levels are determined by a non-protein coding regulatory polymorphisms that mostly affect the expression of FADS1, located in the FADS gene cluster on chromosome 11. Major and minor haplotypes in Europeans, and a specific functional insertion-deletion (Indel), rs66698963, consistently show major differences in circulating AA (>50%) and in the balance between AA and other HUFA (47-84%) in free living humans; the indel is evolutionarily selective, probably based on diet. The pattern of fatty acid responses is fully consistent with specific genetic modulation of desaturation at the FADS1-mediated 20:3→20:4 step. Well established principles of net tissue HUFA levels indicate that the high linoleic acid and low alpha-linoleic acid in populations drive the net balance of HUFA for any individual. We predict that fast desaturators (insertion allele at rs66698963; major haplotype in Europeans) are predisposed to higher risk and pathological responses to SARS-CoV-2 could be reduced with high dose omega-3 HUFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar S D Kothapalli
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Depts of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, United States.
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Depts of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, United States.
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Depts of Pediatrics, of Chemistry, and of Nutrition, University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
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14
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Ueno HM, Higurashi S, Shimomura Y, Wakui R, Matsuura H, Shiota M, Kubouchi H, Yamamura JI, Toba Y, Kobayashi T. Association of DHA Concentration in Human Breast Milk with Maternal Diet and Use of Supplements: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Data from the Japanese Human Milk Study Cohort. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa105. [PMID: 32666036 PMCID: PMC7343538 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DHA (22:6n-3) is essential for neurodevelopment in children, and its concentration in human breast milk is historically high in Japan. Dietary patterns in Japan might affect the fatty acid (FA) composition among lactating mothers. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to characterize the composition of milk FAs and to identify any dietary and sociodemographic factors associated with the variability of DHA concentration in breast milk in the Japanese population. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed as part of the Japanese Human Milk Study. Milk FAs were analyzed by GC at 1-6 mo postpartum, and maternal diet was estimated using an FFQ, including 11 types and cooking methods of seafoods, and the use of DHA supplements. The association of milk DHA with maternal diet and sociodemographic factors was investigated. RESULTS Milk FA concentrations were measured in 78 mothers, including 24 who routinely used DHA supplements. The DHA concentration in milk (overall median: 0.62%; IQR: 0.47%-0.78%) was higher in women who took DHA supplements than in women who had never used DHA supplements (0.74%compared with 0.55%; P = 0.011). A linear regression model showed the association of milk DHA concentration with maternal dietary intake of grilled fish (β ± SE: 0.006 ± 0.003; standardized β: 0.234; r 2 = 0.232, P = 0.036) after adjustment for DHA supplementation status, maternal and infant age, maternal BMI, and infant birth weight. Other FA concentrations were consistent, whereas caproic acid (6:0), undecylic acid (11:0), pentadecylic acid (15:0), palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), and vaccenic acid (18:1n-7) varied by DHA supplementation status. CONCLUSIONS The DHA concentration in human milk may be influenced by maternal grilled fish consumption and frequent DHA supplementation in lactating Japanese women. Milk DHA concentrations may reflect a dietary habit in Japanese mothers.This trial was registered at www.umin.ac.jp/ctr as UMIN000015494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi M Ueno
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Higurashi
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Yuzuka Shimomura
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Ryota Wakui
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Matsuura
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Makoto Shiota
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kubouchi
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Yamamura
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Toba
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kobayashi
- Research and Development Department, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan
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15
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Golan Y, Assaraf YG. Genetic and Physiological Factors Affecting Human Milk Production and Composition. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1500. [PMID: 32455695 PMCID: PMC7284811 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human milk is considered the optimal nutrition for infants as it provides additional attributes other than nutritional support for the infant and contributes to the mother's health as well. Although breastfeeding is the most natural modality to feed infants, nowadays, many mothers complain about breastfeeding difficulties. In addition to environmental factors that may influence lactation outcomes including maternal nutrition status, partner's support, stress, and latching ability of the infant, intrinsic factors such as maternal genetics may also affect the quantitative production and qualitative content of human milk. These genetic factors, which may largely affect the infant's growth and development, as well as the mother's breastfeeding experience, are the subject of the present review. We specifically describe genetic variations that were shown to affect quantitative human milk supply and/or its qualitative content. We further discuss possible implications and methods for diagnosis as well as treatment modalities. Although cases of nutrient-deficient human milk are considered rare, in some ethnic groups, genetic variations that affect human milk content are more abundant, and they should receive greater attention for diagnosis and treatment when necessary. From a future perspective, early genetic diagnosis should be directed to target and treat breastfeeding difficulties in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yehuda G. Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
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16
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Wu RK, Liang JH, Zhong H, Li J, Pan CW. The Lack of Association of Breastfeeding and Myopia in Children and Adolescents: Finding from a School-Based Study and a Meta-Analysis of the Literature. Breastfeed Med 2019; 14:580-586. [PMID: 31268364 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: We aimed to assess the relationship between breastfeeding and myopia in a school-based study in rural China. In addition, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to confirm the association from available observational studies. Materials and Methods: The school-based study of 2,346 grade 7 students (mean age: 13.8 years) was conducted in southwestern part of China. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent of less than -0.50 diopter and information regarding breastfeeding was ascertained through a questionnaire. We also performed the literature search in three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) and reference lists of retrieved studies. Effect estimates were pooled using random-effects models. Results: In our school-based study, the association between breastfeeding and myopia was marginally nonsignificant after adjusting for potential confounders, including gender, body mass index, parental myopia, time for reading and writing after school, and time outdoors (odds ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.55-1.04, p = 0.09). In the meta-analysis of eight studies, no significant association was observed. Conclusion: Current evidence did not support that breastfeeding could reduce the risk of myopia in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Kun Wu
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing-Hong Liang
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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17
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Bzikowska-Jura A, Czerwonogrodzka-Senczyna A, Jasińska-Melon E, Mojska H, Olędzka G, Wesołowska A, Szostak-Węgierek D. The Concentration of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Human Milk Is Related to Their Habitual but Not Current Intake. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071585. [PMID: 31336991 PMCID: PMC6683022 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined fatty acid (FA) concentrations in maternal milk and investigated the association between omega-3 fatty acid levels and their maternal current dietary intake (based on three-day dietary records) and habitual dietary intake (based on intake frequency of food products). Tested material comprised 32 samples of human milk, coming from exclusively breastfeeding women during their first month of lactation. Milk fatty acids were analyzed as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) by gas chromatography using a Hewlett-Packard 6890 gas chromatograph with MS detector 5972A. We did not observe any correlation between current dietary intake of omega-3 FAs and their concentrations in human milk. However, we observed that the habitual intake of fatty fish affected omega-3 FA concentrations in human milk. Kendall’s rank correlation coefficients were 0.25 (p = 0.049) for DHA, 0.27 (p = 0.03) for EPA, and 0.28 (p = 0.02) for ALA. Beef consumption was negatively correlated with DHA concentrations in human milk (r = −0.25; p = 0.046). These findings suggest that current omega-3 FA intake does not translate directly into their concentration in human milk. On the contrary, their habitual intake seems to markedly influence their milk concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bzikowska-Jura
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciolka Str. 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Czerwonogrodzka-Senczyna
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciolka Str. 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Jasińska-Melon
- Department of Metabolomics Food and Nutrition Institute, 61/63 Powsińska Str., 02-903 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Mojska
- Department of Metabolomics Food and Nutrition Institute, 61/63 Powsińska Str., 02-903 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriela Olędzka
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, Litewska Str. 14/16, 00-575 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wesołowska
- Laboratory of Human Milk and Lactation Research at Regional Human Milk Bank in Holy Family Hospital, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Neonatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury Str. 63A, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dorota Szostak-Węgierek
- Department of Clinical Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, E Ciolka Str. 27, 01-445 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Yang S, Lin R, Si L, Li Z, Jian W, Yu Q, Jia Y. Cod-Liver Oil Improves Metabolic Indices and hs-CRP Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:7074042. [PMID: 31956660 PMCID: PMC6949680 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7074042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of cod-liver oil on metabolic status and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS This study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with the allocation ratio of 1 : 1. The contents of EPA and DHA in cod-liver oil were measured using a gas chromatograph. A total of 550 GDM patients were randomly divided into the intervention group (cod-liver oil) and the control group (placebo, mineral oil), and both groups were given regular dietary care. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour plasma glucose (2hPG), lipid profiles, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and hs-CRP were measured. Primary outcomes were different in HbA1c, FPG, 2hPG, and HOMA-IR between the two groups after 4-week randomization. Secondary outcomes were the blood glucose levels and perinatal complications (pregnancy-induced hypertension, polyhydramnios, premature delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, postpartum infection, premature rupture of membranes, and cesarean section) between the two groups before and after 12-16 weeks of cod-liver oil intervention from middle pregnancy to late pregnancy. RESULTS EPA and DHA were the main components of cod-liver oil with 76 mg/mL and 150 mg/mL, respectively. There was no significant difference for primary outcomes in the levels of HbA1c, FPG, 2hPG, HOMA-IR, and lipid profiles between the two groups (P > 0.05). For the secondary outcomes, the levels of HbA1c, FPG, 2hPG, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (LDL-C), HOMA-IR, and hs-CRP in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The incidence of perinatal complications in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group too (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cod-liver oil consumption effectively reduced the levels of blood glucose, lipid levels, hs-CRP, and HOMA-IR and the incidence of perinatal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Ruixin Lin
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Lihui Si
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Wenwen Jian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yan Jia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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