1
|
Selected Seeds as Sources of Bioactive Compounds with Diverse Biological Activities. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010187. [PMID: 36615843 PMCID: PMC9823554 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Seeds contain a variety of phytochemicals that exhibit a wide range of biological activities. Plant-derived compounds are often investigated for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-hypertensive, anti-platelet, anti-apoptotic, anti-nociceptive, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, hepatoprotective, or neuroprotective properties. In this review, we have described the chemical content and biological activity of seeds from eight selected plant species-blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.), black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miq.), grape (Vitis vinifera L.), Moringa oleifera Lam., sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis Sprenger), hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), and sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L). This review is based on studies identified in electronic databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and SCOPUS. Numerous preclinical, and some clinical studies have found that extracts, fractions, oil, flour, proteins, polysaccharides, or purified chemical compounds isolated from the seeds of these plants display promising, health-promoting effects, and could be utilized in drug development, or to make nutraceuticals and functional foods. Despite that, many of these properties have been studied only in vitro, and it's unsure if their effects would be relevant in vivo as well, so there is a need for more animal studies and clinical trials that would help determine if they could be applied in disease prevention or treatment.
Collapse
|
2
|
Mao B, He Z, Chen Y, Stanton C, Ross RP, Zhao J, Chen W, Yang B. Effects of Bifidobacterium with the Ability of 2'-Fucosyllactose Utilization on Intestinal Microecology of Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245392. [PMID: 36558551 PMCID: PMC9785880 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In breast milk, 2'-Fucosyllactose (2'FL) is the most abundant breast milk oligosaccharide and can selectively promote the proliferation of bifidobacteria. This study aimed to explore the effect of ifidobacterial with different utilization capacities of 2'FL on the intestinal microecology of mice. Furthermore, the effects of ifidobacterial with different 2'FL utilization capabilities on mice gut microbiota under the competitive pressure of 2'FL as a carbon source were explored. Compared with the control group, 2'FL, Bifidobacterium (B.) bifidum M130R01M51 + 2'FL, B. longum subsp. Longum CCFM752, and CCFM752 + 2'FL treatments significantly decreased the food intake. Moreover, the water intake, body weight, and fecal water content in all groups showed no significant difference compared with the control group. The combination of B. longum subsp. longum CCFM752 and 2'FL can significantly increase the levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. B. bifidum M130R01M51 and mixed strains combined with 2'FL significantly increased the contents of acetic acid and isobutyric acid. The results showed that B. bifidum M130R01M51, B. breve FHuNCS6M1, B. longum subsp. longum CCFM752, and B. longum subsp. infantis SDZC2M4 combined with 2'FL significantly increased the species richness of the gut microbiota. Moreover, B. longum subsp. longum CCFM752 and B. longum subsp. infantis SDZC2M4 significantly increased the abundance of Faecalibaculum and Bifidobacterium, respectively. In conclusion, exploring the impact on intestinal microecology can provide theoretical guidance for the development of personalized prebiotics for different bifidobacteria, which has the potential to improve the ecological imbalance of infant gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhujun He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co., P61 C996 Cork, Ireland
| | - Reynolds Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mao B, Guo W, Huang Z, Tang X, Zhang Q, Yang B, Zhao J, Cui S, Zhang H. Production of conjugated fatty acids in probiotic-fermented walnut milk with the addition of lipase. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
4
|
Ojo OO, Leake DS. Vitamins E and C do not effectively inhibit low density lipoprotein oxidation by ferritin at lysosomal pH. Free Radic Res 2021; 55:525-534. [PMID: 34396869 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2021.1964494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) might be oxidized by iron in the lysosomes of macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions. We have shown previously that the iron-storage proteinferritin can oxidize LDL at lysosomal pH. We have now investigated the roles of the most important antioxidant contained in LDL, α-tocopherol (the main form of vitamin E) and of ascorbate (vitamin C), a major water-soluble antioxidant, on LDL oxidation by ferritin at lysosomal pH (pH 4.5). We incubated LDL with ferritin at pH 4.5 and 37 °C and measured its oxidation by monitoring the formation of conjugated dienes at 234 n min a spectrophotometer. α-Tocopherol is well known to inhibit LDL oxidation at pH 7.4, but enrichment of LDL with α-tocopherol was unable to inhibit LDL oxidation by ferritin at pH 4.5. Ascorbate had a complex effect on LDL oxidation by ferritin at lysosomal pH and exhibited both antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects. It had no antioxidant effect on partially oxidized LDL, only a pro-oxidant effect. Ascorbate completely inhibited LDL oxidation by copper at pH 7.4 for a long period, but in marked contrast did not inhibit LDL oxidation by copper at lysosomal pH. Dehydroascorbate, the oxidation product of ascorbate, had a pronounced pro-oxidant effect on LDL incubated with ferritin at pH 4.5. The inability of α-tocopherol and ascorbate to effectively inhibit LDL oxidation by ferritin at lysosomal pH might help to explain why the large clinical trials with these vitamins failed to show protection against cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatosin O Ojo
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - David S Leake
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Yang B, Stanton C, Ross RP, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W. Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Ameliorates DSS-Induced Colitis by Maintaining Intestinal Mechanical Barrier, Blocking Proinflammatory Cytokines, Inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB Signaling, and Altering Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1496-1512. [PMID: 33512996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the effects and discrepancy of different CLA-producing Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum on relieving colitis and to investigate the potential mechanisms. B. pseudocatenulatum MY40C and CCFM680 were administered to mice with DSS-induced colitis. The content of tight junction proteins and mucin2 was significantly upregulated. TNF-α and IL-6 were downregulated, while IL-10 and PPAR-γ were upregulated. TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation was significantly inhibited. Moreover, each treated strain increased Allobaculum and decreased Sutterella, Bacteroides, and Oscillospira. The colonic conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with the effectiveness of strain in relieving colitis. In conclusion, MY40C and CCFM680 supplementation alleviated DSS-induced colitis by protecting intestinal mechanical barrier, modulating gut microbiota, blocking proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway. These results are conducive to promote clinical trials and product development of probiotics for colitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork P61 C996, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Pharmabiotics & Antibiotic Resistance, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork P61 C996, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork T12 K8AF, Ireland
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Y, Jin Y, Stanton C, Paul Ross R, Zhao J, Zhang H, Yang B, Chen W. Alleviation effects of Bifidobacterium breve on DSS-induced colitis depends on intestinal tract barrier maintenance and gut microbiota modulation. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:369-387. [PMID: 32350653 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02252-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to investigate the discrepancy and potential mechanisms of different CLA-producing B. breve on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. METHODS Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 J mice using DSS. Disease activity index (DAI), histopathological changes, epithelial barrier integrity and epithelial apoptosis were determined. Gut microbiota were gauged to evaluate the systemic effects of CLA-producing B. breve. RESULTS Oral administration of different B. breve showed different effects, in which B. breve M1 and B. breve M2 alleviated the inflammation induced by DSS as well as significantly increased the concentration of mucin2 (MUC2) and goblet cells, but neither B. breve M3 nor B. breve M4 had those protective effects. Meanwhile, B. breve M1 and B. breve M2 treatments significantly up-regulated the tight junction (TJ) proteins and ameliorated the epithelial apoptosis lead by DSS challenge. Moreover, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) were modulated by B. breve M1 and B. breve M2, neither B. breve M3 nor B. breve M4. Furthermore, B. breve M1 and B. breve M2 reduced the abundance of Bacteroides and increased the abundance of Odoribacter, then rebalanced the damaged gut microbiota. Colonic CLA concentrations in mice fed with B. breve M1, B. breve M2, B. breve M3 and B. breve M4 decreased successively, which showed significant positive correlation with the effectiveness of relieving colitis. CONCLUSIONS Bifidobacterium breve M1 and B. breve M2 alleviated DSS-induced colitis by producing CLA, inhibiting the inflammatory cytokines, maintaining of the intestinal epithelial barrier and regulating the gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Wuxi Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics and Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics and Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics and Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Beijing Innovation Center of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ziegler M, Wallert M, Lorkowski S, Peter K. Cardiovascular and Metabolic Protection by Vitamin E: A Matter of Treatment Strategy? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E935. [PMID: 33003543 PMCID: PMC7600583 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) cause about 1/3 of global deaths. Therefore, new strategies for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular events are highly sought-after. Vitamin E is known for significant antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, and has been studied in the prevention of CVD, supported by findings that vitamin E deficiency is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. However, randomized controlled trials in humans reveal conflicting and ultimately disappointing results regarding the reduction of cardiovascular events with vitamin E supplementation. As we discuss in detail, this outcome is strongly affected by study design, cohort selection, co-morbidities, genetic variations, age, and gender. For effective chronic primary and secondary prevention by vitamin E, oxidative and inflammatory status might not have been sufficiently antagonized. In contrast, acute administration of vitamin E may be more translatable into positive clinical outcomes. In patients with myocardial infarction (MI), which is associated with severe oxidative and inflammatory reactions, decreased plasma levels of vitamin E have been found. The offsetting of this acute vitamin E deficiency via short-term treatment in MI has shown promising results, and, thus, acute medication, rather than chronic supplementation, with vitamin E might revitalize vitamin E therapy and even provide positive clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Ziegler
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Internal Medicine III, University Clinic of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Maria Wallert
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.W.); (S.L.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Lorkowski
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; (M.W.); (S.L.)
- Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The Effect of Vitamin Supplementation on Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients without Manifest Cardiovascular Diseases: Never-ending Hope or Underestimated Effect? Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071717. [PMID: 32283588 PMCID: PMC7181162 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrients, especially vitamins, play an important role in the evolution of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). It has been speculated that additional intake of vitamins may reduce the CVD burden by acting on the inflammatory and oxidative response starting from early stages of atherosclerosis, when the vascular impairment might still be reversible or, at least, slowed down. The current review assesses the role of major vitamins on subclinical atherosclerosis process and the potential clinical implications in patients without CVD. We have comprehensively examined the literature data for the major vitamins: A, B group, C, D, and E, respectively. Most data are based on vitamin E, D and C supplementation, while vitamins A and B have been scarcely examined for the subclinical atherosclerosis action. Though the fundamental premise was optimistic, the up-to-date trials with vitamin supplementation revealed divergent results on subclinical atherosclerosis improvement, both in healthy subjects and patients with CVD, while the long-term effect seems minimal. Thus, there are no conclusive data on the prevention and progression of atherosclerosis based on vitamin supplementation. However, given their enormous potential, future trials are certainly needed for a more tailored CVD prevention focusing on early stages as subclinical atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
9
|
Rahman MA, Abdullah N, Aminudin N. Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushroom): An assessment of in vitro anti-atherosclerotic bio-functionality. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1515-1523. [PMID: 30581314 PMCID: PMC6302894 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushrooms have been highly regarded as possessing enormous nutritive and medicinal values. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-oxidative and anti-atherosclerotic potential of shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes) using its solvent–solvent partitioned fractions that consisted of methanol:dichloromethane (M:DCM), hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA) and aqueous residue (AQ). The hexane fraction (1 mg/mL) mostly scavenged (67.38%, IC50 0.55 mg/mL) the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical, contained the highest reducing capacity (60.16 mg gallic acid equivalents/g fraction), and most potently inhibited lipid peroxidation (67.07%), low density lipo-protein oxidation and the activity of 3-hydroxy 3-methyl glutaryl co-enzyme A reductase (HMGR). GC–MS analyses of the hexane fraction identified α-tocopherol (vitamin E), oleic acid, linoleic acid, ergosterol and butyric acid as the bio-functional components present in L. edodes. Our findings suggest that L. edodes possesses anti-atherosclerotic bio-functionality that can be applied as functional food-based therapeutics against cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Azizur Rahman
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1340, Bangladesh
| | - Noorlidah Abdullah
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhaniza Aminudin
- Mushroom Research Centre, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yang B, Chen H, Gao H, Wang J, Stanton C, Ross RP, Zhang H, Chen W. Bifidobacterium breve CCFM683 could ameliorate DSS-induced colitis in mice primarily via conjugated linoleic acid production and gut microbiota modulation. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
11
|
Violi F, Loffredo L, Carnevale R, Pignatelli P, Pastori D. Atherothrombosis and Oxidative Stress: Mechanisms and Management in Elderly. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1083-1124. [PMID: 28816059 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The incidence of cardiovascular events (CVEs) increases with age, representing the main cause of death in an elderly population. Aging is associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may affect clotting and platelet activation, and impair endothelial function, thus predisposing elderly patients to thrombotic complications. Recent Advances: There is increasing evidence to suggest that aging is associated with an imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Thus, upregulation of ROS-producing enzymes such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and myeloperoxidase, along with downregulation of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, occurs during aging. This imbalance may predispose to thrombosis by enhancing platelet and clotting activation and eliciting endothelial dysfunction. Recently, gut-derived products, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and lipopolysaccharide, are emerging as novel atherosclerotic risk factors, and gut microbiota composition has been shown to change by aging, and may concur with the increased cardiovascular risk in the elderly. CRITICAL ISSUES Antioxidant treatment is ineffective in patients at risk or with cardiovascular disease. Further, anti-thrombotic treatment seems to work less in the elderly population. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Interventional trials with antioxidants targeting enzymes implicated in aging-related atherothrombosis are warranted to explore whether modulation of redox status is effective in lowering CVEs in the elderly. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1083-1124.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Violi
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Loffredo
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy .,2 Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome , Latina, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pignatelli
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Pastori
- 1 I Clinica Medica, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome , Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang Q, Wang S, Ji Y, Chen H, Zhang H, Chen W, Gu Z, Chen YQ. Dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs modifies the absorption, distribution and bioavailability of fatty acids in the mouse gastrointestinal tract. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:10. [PMID: 28095863 PMCID: PMC5240384 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially n-3 PUFAs, are important for human health. The intestinal tract, a location that is heavily colonized by microorganisms, is the main organ for absorbing fatty acids. METHODS The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFAs on the distribution of different types of fatty acids and their bioavailability along the gut. Mice were fed for a week with experimental diets containing high n-3 or high n-6 fatty acid levels. Blood was collected at different time points, and after 7 days the mice were euthanized and their digestive tract was divided into 17 segments for fatty acids analyses. RESULTS We found that supplementing n-3 fatty acids significantly changed the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs, increased the bioavailability of n-3 PUFAs, and altered fatty acid distribution. In addition, in the n-3 diet group, the absorption of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) along the gut was found to be inhibited, which was confirmed by feeding the mice with a diet containing deuterium-labeled palmitic acid and stearic acid. CONCLUSION These results show that a diet rich in n-3 PUFAs can significantly modify the distribution and bioavailability of fatty acids, and particularly, may block the absorption of SFAs in the mouse gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunqi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Synergistic Innovation Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Wuxi, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cancer Biology and Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang SH, Pan Y, Li J, Chen HQ, Zhang H, Chen W, Gu ZN, Chen YQ. Endogenous omega-3 long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis from alpha-linolenic acid is affected by substrate levels, gene expression, and product inhibition. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06728c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that dietary alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) increases the levels of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 LC-PUFAs)in vivo, but the conversion procedure and the genes involved remain poorly understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-he Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Yong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Hai-qin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Zhen-nan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
- P. R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pollard RD, Blesso CN, Zabalawi M, Fulp B, Gerelus M, Zhu X, Lyons EW, Nuradin N, Francone OL, Li XA, Sahoo D, Thomas MJ, Sorci-Thomas MG. Procollagen C-endopeptidase Enhancer Protein 2 (PCPE2) Reduces Atherosclerosis in Mice by Enhancing Scavenger Receptor Class B1 (SR-BI)-mediated High-density Lipoprotein (HDL)-Cholesteryl Ester Uptake. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:15496-15511. [PMID: 25947382 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.646240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in human populations have shown a significant correlation between procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer protein 2 (PCPE2) single nucleotide polymorphisms and plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations. PCPE2, a 52-kDa glycoprotein located in the extracellular matrix, enhances the cleavage of C-terminal procollagen by bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1). Our studies here focused on investigating the basis for the elevated concentration of enlarged plasma HDL in PCPE2-deficient mice to determine whether they protected against diet-induced atherosclerosis. PCPE2-deficient mice were crossed with LDL receptor-deficient mice to obtain LDLr(-/-), PCPE2(-/-) mice, which had elevated HDL levels compared with LDLr(-/-) mice with similar LDL concentrations. We found that LDLr(-/-), PCPE2(-/-) mice had significantly more neutral lipid and CD68+ infiltration in the aortic root than LDLr(-/-) mice. Surprisingly, in light of their elevated HDL levels, the extent of aortic lipid deposition in LDLr(-/-), PCPE2(-/-) mice was similar to that reported for LDLr(-/-), apoA-I(-/-) mice, which lack any apoA-I/HDL. Furthermore, LDLr(-/-), PCPE2(-/-) mice had reduced HDL apoA-I fractional clearance and macrophage to fecal reverse cholesterol transport rates compared with LDLr(-/-) mice, despite a 2-fold increase in liver SR-BI expression. PCPE2 was shown to enhance SR-BI function by increasing the rate of HDL-associated cholesteryl ester uptake, possibly by optimizing SR-BI localization and/or conformation. We conclude that PCPE2 is atheroprotective and an important component of the reverse cholesterol transport HDL system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricquita D Pollard
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and the Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268
| | - Manal Zabalawi
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and the Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
| | - Brian Fulp
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and the Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
| | - Mark Gerelus
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and the Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
| | - Xuewei Zhu
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and the Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
| | - Erica W Lyons
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine and the Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27101
| | - Nebil Nuradin
- Department of Medicine and the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Omar L Francone
- Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421
| | - Xiang-An Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- Department of Medicine and the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Michael J Thomas
- Department of Medicine and the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine and the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tang F, Lu M, Zhang S, Mei M, Wang T, Liu P, Wang H. Vitamin E Conditionally Inhibits Atherosclerosis in ApoE Knockout Mice by Anti-oxidation and Regulation of Vasculature Gene Expressions. Lipids 2014; 49:1215-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-014-3962-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
16
|
Dorjgochoo T, Shrubsole MJ, Shu XO, Lu W, Ruan Z, Zhen Y, Dai Q, Gu K, Gao YT, Zheng W. Vitamin supplement use and risk for breast cancer: the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2008; 111:269-78. [PMID: 17917808 PMCID: PMC2615487 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9772-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2007] [Accepted: 09/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The influence of vitamin supplements on breast cancer risk is unclear and the interactive effects of dietary and supplemental sources are unknown. This study investigated (1) the association between self-reported vitamin supplement use (multivitamin, A, B, C, and E) and breast cancer and (2) the combined effect of vitamin supplements in relation to dietary vitamin intakes on breast cancer risk. METHODS The Shanghai Breast Cancer Study was a population-based case-control study conducted in Shanghai in 1996-1998 (Phase I) and 2002-2004 (Phase II). Participants were aged 25-64 (Phase I) and 20-70 years (Phase II). The analyses included 3,454 incident breast cancer cases and 3,474 controls. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to determine adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for breast cancer risk associated with vitamin supplement use. RESULTS Overall, breast cancer risk was not related to any vitamin supplement intake. However, a 20% reduction in breast cancer risk was observed with vitamin E supplement use among women with low-dietary vitamin E intake (OR = 0.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.6-1.0). A non-significant 20% risk reduction was observed among vitamin B supplement users with low B dietary intake (OR = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-1.1). Frequent use of a vitamin B supplement was adversely associated with breast cancer risk among those with high dietary vitamin B intake (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 0.9-2.1; P for interaction = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that vitamins E and B supplements may confer protection against breast cancer among women who have low dietary intake of those vitamins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsogzolmaa Dorjgochoo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University
| | - Martha J. Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
| | - Xiao Ou Shu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixian Ruan
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Qi Dai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University
| | | | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Berquin IM, Min Y, Wu R, Wu J, Perry D, Cline JM, Thomas MJ, Thornburg T, Kulik G, Smith A, Edwards IJ, D’Agostino R, Zhang H, Wu H, Kang JX, Chen YQ. Modulation of prostate cancer genetic risk by omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:1866-75. [PMID: 17607361 PMCID: PMC1890998 DOI: 10.1172/jci31494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a causal role of genetic alterations in human cancer is well established, it is still unclear whether dietary fat can modulate cancer risk in a predisposed population. Epidemiological studies suggest that diets rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce cancer incidence. To determine the influence of fatty acids on prostate cancer risk in animals with a defined genetic lesion, we used prostate-specific Pten-knockout mice, an immune-competent, orthotopic prostate cancer model, and diets with defined polyunsaturated fatty acid levels. We found that omega-3 fatty acids reduced prostate tumor growth, slowed histopathological progression, and increased survival, whereas omega-6 fatty acids had opposite effects. Introducing an omega-3 desaturase, which converts omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids, into the Pten-knockout mice reduced tumor growth similarly to the omega-3 diet. Tumors from mice on the omega-3 diet had lower proportions of phosphorylated Bad and higher apoptotic indexes compared with those from mice on omega-6 diet. Knockdown of Bad eliminated omega-3-induced cell death, and introduction of exogenous Bad restored the sensitivity to omega-3 fatty acids. Our data suggest that modulation of prostate cancer development by polyunsaturated fatty acids is mediated in part through Bad-dependent apoptosis. This study highlights the importance of gene-diet interactions in prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle M. Berquin
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Younong Min
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruping Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Donna Perry
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J. Mark Cline
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mike J. Thomas
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Todd Thornburg
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George Kulik
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adrienne Smith
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Iris J. Edwards
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ralph D’Agostino
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jing X. Kang
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yong Q. Chen
- Department of Cancer Biology,
Department of Pathology,
Department of Biochemistry,
Comprehensive Cancer Center, and
Department of Biostatistical Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, School of Food Science and Technology, Southern Yangtze University, Wuxi, People’s Republic of China.
Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Munteanu A, Zingg JM. Cellular, molecular and clinical aspects of vitamin E on atherosclerosis prevention. Mol Aspects Med 2007; 28:538-90. [PMID: 17825403 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Randomised clinical trials and epidemiologic studies addressing the preventive effects of vitamin E supplementation against cardiovascular disease reported both positive and negative effects, and recent meta-analyses of the clinical studies were rather disappointing. In contrast to that, many animal studies clearly show a preventive action of vitamin E in several experimental settings, which can be explained by the molecular and cellular effects of vitamin E observed in cell cultures. This review is focusing on the molecular effects of vitamin E on the cells playing a role during atherosclerosis, in particular on the endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, monocytes/macrophages, T cells, and mast cells. Vitamin E may act by normalizing aberrant signal transduction and gene expression in antioxidant and non-antioxidant manners; in particular, over-expression of scavenger receptors and consequent foam cell formation can be prevented by vitamin E. In addition to that, the cellular effects of alpha-tocopheryl phosphate and of EPC-K1, a composite molecule between alpha-tocopheryl phosphate and l-ascorbic acid, are summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Munteanu
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leichtle A, Teupser D, Thiery J. Alpha-Tocopherol Distribution in Lipoproteins and Anti-Inflammatory Effects Differ between CHD-Patients and Healthy Subjects. J Am Coll Nutr 2006; 25:420-8. [PMID: 17031012 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2006.10719555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent effects of RRR-alpha-tocopherol supplementation in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients and healthy subjects on plasma alpha-tocopherol levels, plasma lipoprotein distribution, LDL oxidation, and inflammatory plasma markers. METHODS 12 patients with coronary heart disease and 12 healthy subjects were supplemented with increasing dosages of RRR-alpha-tocopherol at 100, 200 and 400 mg/day for a period of 3 weeks per dose. Lipoproteins were separated by FPLC and ultracentrifugation. Alpha-tocopherol was measured by HPLC. Resistance of LDL to oxidation was determined by reading the absorption at 234 nm after CuCl2-induced oxidation. Clinical chemistry and inflammatory markers were measured on automated analysis systems. RESULTS Plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations at baseline were comparable between CHD-patients and healthy subjects (21.7 +/- 4.7 micromol/L and 25.8 +/- 7.6 micromol/L, respectively). CHD-patients showed a significant increase (59%) of plasma alpha-tocopherol concentrations to 34.6 +/- 9.8 micromol/L at a dosage of 100 mg/day RRR-alpha-tocopherol, whereas healthy subjects showed a significant (54%) increase to 39.7 +/- 6.1 micromol/L only with 400 mg/day RRR-alpha-tocopherol. In addition, CHD-patients showed a significantly increased enrichment of alpha-tocopherol in VLDL. Supplementation (200 mg/day) caused a significant decrease of the acute phase plasma proteins C-reactive protein (CRP) (-65%) and fibrinogen (-24%). CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that CHD-patients require lower dosages of alpha-tocopherol supplementation than healthy subjects to exert biological effects on plasma lipoproteins and acute phase response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Leichtle
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Leipzig University Hospital, Liebigstrasse 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Its incidence has also been increasing lately in developing countries. Several lines of evidence support a role for oxidative stress and inflammation in atherogenesis. Oxidation of lipoproteins is a hallmark in atherosclerosis. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein induces inflammation as it induces adhesion and influx of monocytes and influences cytokine release by monocytes. A number of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) modulate monocyte adhesion to endothelium. C-reactive protein (CRP), a prototypic marker of inflammation, is a risk marker for CVD and it could contribute to atherosclerosis. Hence, dietary micronutrients having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may have a potential beneficial effect with regard to cardiovascular disease. Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties. Several lines of evidence suggest that among different forms of vitamin E, alpha-tocopherol (AT) has potential beneficial effects with regard to cardiovascular disease. AT supplementation in human subjects and animal models has been shown to decrease lipid peroxidation, superoxide (O2-) production by impairing the assembly of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) oxidase as well as by decreasing the expression of scavenger receptors (SR-A and CD36), particularly important in the formation of foam cells. AT therapy, especially at high doses, has been shown to decrease the release of proinflammatory cytokines, the chemokine IL-8 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels as well as decrease adhesion of monocytes to endothelium. In addition, AT has been shown to decrease CRP levels, in patients with CVD and in those with risk factors for CVD. The mechanisms that account for nonantioxidant effects of AT include the inhibition of protein kinase C, 5-lipoxygenase, tyrosine-kinase as well as cyclooxygenase-2. Based on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, AT (at the appropriate dose and form) could have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease in a high-risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- U Singh
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Research, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Weinberg PD. Analysis of the variable effect of dietary vitamin E supplements on experimental atherosclerosis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 162:823-33. [PMID: 16008111 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2005.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E inhibits processes thought to be important in the development of atherosclerosis but clinical trials to determine its effect on cardiovascular disease have given variable results, the majority being negative. The reasons for this are unclear. Animal trials can be better controlled and use more rigorous measures of lesion progression than human trials. The present study reviewed trials using rabbits and mice to determine whether they also are variable and, if so, to uncover methodological differences that may account for the different outcomes. A large number of trials examining the effect of vitamin E supplements on experimental atherosclerosis were identified. Using rigorous selection criteria, a well-defined group was selected for further investigation. Almost all the mice trials showed a significant effect of vitamin E, but only around one-third of the rabbit trials did so. When the rabbit trials were divided into those that did and those that did not observe significant effects, no single factor was found that could account for the dichotomy. However, when the percentage reduction in disease was considered, rather than the within-trial significance level, there were clear dose-dependent effects of vitamin E on disease severity in heritable hyperlipidaemic rabbits, and in genetically normal rabbits made hyperlipidaemic with cholesterol alone; the dose dependence was different in the two groups, the heritable hyperlipidaemic rabbits showing a near ten-fold lower sensitivity. The high doses required to affect experimental atherosclerosis may, if applicable to other species, help explain the absence of effects in many human trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Weinberg
- Physiological Flow Studies Group, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, causing twice as many deaths as cancer in the USA. The major cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure (CHF) and common congenital heart disease (CHD), are caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors, as well as the interactions between them. The underlying molecular pathogenic mechanisms for these disorders are still largely unknown, but gene expression may play a central role in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Microarrays are high-throughput genomic tools that allow the comparison of global expression changes in thousands of genes between normal and diseased cells/tissues. Microarrays have recently been applied to CAD/MI, CHF and CHD to profile changes in gene expression patterns in diseased and non-diseased patients. This same technology has also been used to characterise endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and inflammatory cells, with or without various treatments that mimic disease processes involved in CAD/MI. These studies have led to the identification of unique subsets of genes associated with specific diseases and disease processes. Ongoing microarray studies in the field will provide insights into the molecular mechanism of cardiovascular disease and may generate new diagnostic and therapeutic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Archacki
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute; Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Center for Molecular Genetics, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute; Center for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Nesaretnam K, Ambra R, Selvaduray KR, Radhakrishnan A, Canali R, Virgili F. Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction from Palm Oil and Gene Expression in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1031:143-57. [PMID: 15753141 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1331.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E is important not only for its cellular antioxidant and lipid-lowering properties, but also as an antiproliferating agent. It has also been shown to contribute to immunoregulation, antibody production, and resistance to implanted tumors. It has recently been shown that tocotrienols are the components of vitamin E responsible for growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells in vitro as well as in vivo through estrogen-independent mechanisms. Although tocotrienols act on cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and can induce programmed cell death, no specific gene regulation has yet been identified. In order to investigate the molecular basis of the effect of a tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) from palm oil, we performed a cDNA array analysis of cancer-related gene expression in estrogen-dependent (MCF-7) and estrogen-independent (MDA-MB-231) human breast cancer cells. The human breast cancer cells were incubated with or without 8 mug/mL of tocotrienols for 72 h. RNA was subsequently extracted and subjected to reverse transcription before being hybridized onto cancer arrays. Tocotrienol supplementation modulated significantly 46 out of 1200 genes in MDA-MB-231 cells. In MCF-7 cells, tocotrienol administration was associated with a lower number of affected genes. Interestingly, only three were affected in a similar fashion in both cell lines: c-myc binding protein MM-1, 23-kDa highly basic protein, and interferon-inducible protein 9-27 (IFITM-1). These proteins are most likely involved in the cell cycle and can exert inhibitory effects on cell growth and differentiation of the tumor cell lines. These data suggest that tocotrienols are able to affect cell homeostasis, possibly independent of their antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalanithi Nesaretnam
- Malaysian Palm Oil Board, 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 4300 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its complications such as coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction and stroke are the leading causes of death in the developed world. High blood pressure, diabetes, smoking and a diet high in cholesterol and lipids clearly increase the likelihood of premature atherosclerosis, albeit other factors, such as the individual genetic makeup, may play an additional role. Several epidemiological studies and intervention trials have been performed with vitamin E, and some of them showed that it prevents atherosclerosis. For a long time, vitamin E was assumed to act by decreasing the oxidation of LDL, a key step in atherosclerosis initiation. However, at the cellular level, vitamin E acts by inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation, platelet aggregation, monocyte adhesion, oxLDL uptake and cytokine production, all reactions implied in the progression of atherosclerosis. Recent research revealed that these effects are not the result of the antioxidant activity of vitamin E, but rather of precise molecular actions of this compound. It is assumed that specific interactions of vitamin E with enzymes and proteins are at the basis of its non-antioxidant effects. Vitamin E influences the activity of several enzymes (e.g. PKC, PP2A, COX-2, 5-lipooxygenase, nitric oxide synthase, NADPH-oxidase, superoxide dismutase, phopholipase A2) and modulates the expression of genes that are involved in atherosclerosis (e.g. scavenger receptors, integrins, selectins, cytokines, cyclins). These interactions promise to reveal the biological properties of vitamin E and allow designing better strategies for the protection against atherosclerosis progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adelina Munteanu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Epidemiological and biochemical studies infer that oxidative processes, including the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), are involved in atherosclerosis. Vitamin E has been the focus of several large supplemental studies of cardiovascular disease, yet its potential to attenuate or even prevent atherosclerosis has not been realised. The scientific rationale for vitamin E supplements protecting against atherosclerosis is based primarily on the oxidation theory of atherosclerosis, the assumption that vitamin E becomes depleted as disease progresses, and the expectation that vitamin E prevents the oxidation of LDL in vivo and atherogenic events linked to such oxidation. However, it is increasingly clear that the balance between vitamin E and other antioxidants may be crucial for in vivo antioxidant protection, that vitamin E is only minimally oxidised and not deficient in atherosclerotic lesions, and that vitamin E is not effective against two-electron oxidants that are increasingly implicated in both early and later stages of the disease. It also remains unclear as to whether oxidation plays a bystander or a casual role in atherosclerosis. This lack of knowledge may explain the ambivalence of vitamin E and other antioxidant supplementation in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Upston
- Centre for Vascular Research, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|