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Cao R, Feng Z, Mo J, Wu J, Li J, Li W, Wang Z, Ma Q, Wu Z, Zhou C. Pharmacological inhibition of SREBP1 suppresses pancreatic cancer growth via inducing GPX4-mediated ferroptosis. Cell Signal 2024; 124:111381. [PMID: 39243918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is highly malignancy with poor survival. Ferroptosis offers a novel therapeutic target for cancer treatment and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) shields tumor cells from ferroptosis damage. Although Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) has been implicated in the development of pancreatic cancer, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This research aims to explore the role of SREBP1 in ferroptosis by using its inhibitor Fatostatin. In this study, Fatostatin was found to inhibit the proliferation and clonogenicity of pancreatic cancer cell lines. This was accompanied by a reduction in intracellular lipid synthesis, increased iron accumulation, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). The JASPAR database shows that there is a binding site of the SREBP1 on the promoter region of GPX4. What's more, it was verified that SREBP1 can transcriptionally regulate GPX4 by CHIP. In vivo experiments further revealed that Fatostatin could suppress the growth of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. In conclusion, our study suggests that Fatostatin may inhibit pancreatic cancer cell proliferation by inducing ferroptosis through the SREBP1/GPX4 pathway. These findings shed light on the therapeutic potential of Fatostatin and lay the groundwork for future investigations into its mechanism of action in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Pancreas Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zhengyuan Feng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Pancreas Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jiantao Mo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Pancreas Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jiaoxing Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Pancreas Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Pancreas Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Pancreas Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Pancreas Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Pancreas Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Zheng Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Pancreas Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
| | - Cancan Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China; Pancreas Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.
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2
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Ma S, Sandhoff R, Luo X, Shang F, Shi Q, Li Z, Wu J, Ming Y, Schwarz F, Madi A, Weisshaar N, Mieg A, Hering M, Zettl F, Yan X, Mohr K, Ten Bosch N, Li Z, Poschet G, Rodewald HR, Papavasiliou N, Wang X, Gao P, Cui G. Serine enrichment in tumors promotes regulatory T cell accumulation through sphinganine-mediated regulation of c-Fos. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadg8817. [PMID: 38640251 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adg8817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells accumulate in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and suppress the immune system. Whether and how metabolite availability in the TME influences Treg cell differentiation is not understood. Here, we measured 630 metabolites in the TME and found that serine and palmitic acid, substrates required for the synthesis of sphingolipids, were enriched. A serine-free diet or a deficiency in Sptlc2, the rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing sphingolipid synthesis, suppressed Treg cell accumulation and inhibited tumor growth. Sphinganine, an intermediate metabolite in sphingolipid synthesis, physically interacted with the transcription factor c-Fos. Sphinganine c-Fos interactions enhanced the genome-wide recruitment of c-Fos to regions near the transcription start sites of target genes including Pdcd1 (encoding PD-1), which promoted Pdcd1 transcription and increased inducible Treg cell differentiation in vitro in a PD-1-dependent manner. Thus, Sptlc2-mediated sphingolipid synthesis translates the extracellular information of metabolite availability into nuclear signals for Treg cell differentiation and limits antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group (A411), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xiu Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fuwei Shang
- Cellular Immunology (D110), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qiaozhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaolong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yanan Ming
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Frank Schwarz
- Core Facility Antibodies (W170), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alaa Madi
- Immune Diversity (D150), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Weisshaar
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessa Mieg
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marvin Hering
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Zettl
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xin Yan
- Immune Diversity (D150), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mohr
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nora Ten Bosch
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhe Li
- Division of Pathogenesis of Virus Associated Tumors (F100), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Reimer Rodewald
- Cellular Immunology (D110), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nina Papavasiliou
- Immune Diversity (D150), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pu Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guoliang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
- T Cell Metabolism (D192), German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Zou J, Dai Y, Xu G, Kai Y, Lan L, Zhang J, Wang Y. Identification of two distinct head and neck squamous cell carcinoma subtypes based on fatty acid metabolism-related signatures: Implications for immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37824. [PMID: 38640298 PMCID: PMC11029997 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of lipid metabolism is a critical factor in the initiation and progression of tumors. In this investigation, we aim to characterize the molecular subtypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) based on their association with fatty acid metabolism and develop a prognostic risk model. The transcriptomic and clinical data about HNSCC were obtained from public databases. Clustering analysis was conducted on fatty acid metabolism genes (FAMG) associated with prognosis, utilizing the non-negative matrix factorization algorithm. The immune infiltration, response to immune therapy, and drug sensitivity between molecular subtypes were evaluated. Differential expression genes were identified between subtypes, and a prognostic model was constructed using Cox regression analyses. A nomogram for HNSCC was constructed and evaluated. Thirty FAMGs have been found to exhibit differential expression in HNSCC, out of which three are associated with HNSCC prognosis. By performing clustering analysis on these 3 genes, 2 distinct molecular subtypes of HNSCC were identified that exhibit significant heterogeneity in prognosis, immune landscape, and treatment response. Using a set of 7778 genes that displayed differential expression between the 2 molecular subtypes, a prognostic risk model for HNSCC was constructed comprising 11 genes. This model has the ability to stratify HNSCC patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, which exhibit significant differences in prognosis, immune infiltration, and immune therapy response. Moreover, our data suggest that this risk model is negatively correlated with B cells and most T cells, but positively correlated with macrophages, mast cells, and dendritic cells. Ultimately, we constructed a nomogram incorporating both the risk signature and radiotherapy, which has demonstrated exceptional performance in predicting prognosis for HNSCC patients. A molecular classification system and prognostic risk models were developed for HNSCC based on FAMGs. This study revealed the potential involvement of FAMGs in modulating tumor immune microenvironment and response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital (Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbi Dai
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People’s Hospital of Yuhang District (The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Liangzhu Branch), Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangbo Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People’s Hospital of Yuhang District (The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Liangzhu Branch), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilong Kai
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People’s Hospital of Yuhang District (The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Liangzhu Branch), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfeng Lan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People’s Hospital of Yuhang District (The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Liangzhu Branch), Hangzhou, China
| | - Junkun Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People’s Hospital of Yuhang District (The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Liangzhu Branch), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First People’s Hospital of Yuhang District (The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Liangzhu Branch), Hangzhou, China
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Cheng X, Wang W, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Zhu P, He R, Wu M, Zhou T, Jiang Y, Jiang L, Chen Y, Liang Z, Wu X, Weng X. Distinctly altered lipid components in hepatocellular carcinoma relate to impaired T cell-dependent antitumor immunity. Hepatol Int 2024; 18:582-594. [PMID: 37823937 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10595-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS T cells are master effectors of anti-tumor immunity in cancer. Recent studies suggest that altered lipid metabolism imposed by the tumor microenvironment constrains anti-tumor immunity. However, the tumor-associated lipid species changes that dampen T cell ability to control tumor progression are not fully understood. Here, we plan to clarify the influences of distinctly altered lipid components in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on T-cell function, aiming to seek lipid metabolic targets for improving T cell anti-tumor effects. METHODS Tumor tissues and non-tumor liver from HCC patients were collected for RNA-sequencing, lipid profiling and T cell characterizing, followed by correlation analysis. Additionally, the effects of significantly changed lipid components on anti-tumor potential of T cells were tested by in vitro cell experiments and/or in vivo tumor inoculated model. RESULTS Altered lipid metabolism coincides with impaired T cell response in HBV-related HCC. Characteristic lipid composition, significantly marked by accumulation of long-chain acylcarnitines (LCACs) and reduction of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), are found in the tumor tissue. Notably, LCACs accumulated are associated with T cells exhaustion and deficient functionality, while LPCs correlate to anti-tumor effects of T cells. In particular, supplement of LPCs, including LPC (20:0) and LPC (22:0), directly promote the activation and IFN-γ secretion of T cells in vitro, and suppress tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the distinctly changed lipid components closely related to T cell dysregulation in HCC, and suggests a promising strategy by decreasing LCACs and increasing LPCs for anti-tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Haoquan Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ran He
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Mi Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhihui Liang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiongwen Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiufang Weng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- Department of Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Shu Y, Huang H, Gao M, Xu W, Cao X, Jia X, Deng B. Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Markers Used for Prediction Prognosis, Immune Microenvironment, and Tumor Stage of Pancreatic Cancer. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:931-949. [PMID: 37505298 PMCID: PMC11031448 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10457-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, more and more evidence shows that lipid metabolism disorder has been observed in tumor, which impacts tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion, metastasis, and response to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor treatment. However, hitherto there has not been sufficient research to demonstrate the role of lipid metabolism in pancreatic cancer. This study contrives to get an insight into the relationship between the characteristics of lipid metabolism and pancreatic cancer. We collected samples of patients with pancreatic cancer from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET), and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. Firstly, we implemented univariate regression analysis to get prognosis-related lipid metabolism genes screened and a construction of protein-protein interaction (PPI) network ensued. Then, contingent on our screening results, we explored the molecular subtypes mediated by lipid metabolism-related genes and the correlated TME cell infiltration. Additionally, we studied the disparately expressed genes among disparate lipid metabolism subtypes and established a scoring model of lipid metabolism-related characteristics using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. At last, we explored the relationship between the scoring model and disease prognosis, tumor stage, tumor microenvironment, and immunotherapy. Two subtypes, C1 and C2, were identified, and lipid metabolism-related genes were studied. The result indicated that the patients with subtype C2 have a significantly lower survival rate than that of the patients with subtype C1, and we found difference in abundance of different immune-infiltrating cells. The gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses revealed the association of these differentially expressed genes with functions and pathways related to lipid metabolism. Finally, we established a scoring model of lipid metabolism-related characteristics based on the disparately expressed genes. The results show that our scoring model have a substantial effect on forecasting the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer. The lipid metabolism model is an important biomarker of pancreatic cancer. Using the model, the relationship between disease prognosis, molecular subtypes, TME cell infiltration characteristics, and immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer patients could be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqiang Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Minjie Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Cao
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330000, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoze Jia
- Internet of Things Engineering, College of Wuxi University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Deng
- Departments of Endocrine, The First Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330008, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang S, Lv K, Liu Z, Zhao R, Li F. Fatty acid metabolism of immune cells: a new target of tumour immunotherapy. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:39. [PMID: 38245525 PMCID: PMC10799907 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01807-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic competition between tumour cells and immune cells for limited nutrients is an important feature of the tumour microenvironment (TME) and is closely related to the outcome of tumour immune escape. A large number of studies have proven that tumour cells need metabolic reprogramming to cope with acidification and hypoxia in the TME while increasing energy uptake to support their survival. Among them, synthesis, oxidation and uptake of fatty acids (FAs) in the TME are important manifestations of lipid metabolic adaptation. Although different immune cell subsets often show different metabolic characteristics, various immune cell functions are closely related to fatty acids, including providing energy, providing synthetic materials and transmitting signals. In the face of the current situation of poor therapeutic effects of tumour immunotherapy, combined application of targeted immune cell fatty acid metabolism seems to have good therapeutic potential, which is blocked at immune checkpoints. Combined application of adoptive cell therapy and cancer vaccines is reflected. Therefore, it is of great interest to explore the role of fatty acid metabolism in immune cells to discover new strategies for tumour immunotherapy and improve anti-tumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhang
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kebing Lv
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Li
- Center of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
- Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Nanchang, China.
- Institute of Lymphoma and Myeloma, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
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7
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Gershoni A, Hassin O, Nataraj NB, Baruch S, Avioz‐Seligman A, Pirona AC, Fellus‐Alyagor L, Meir Salame T, Mukherjee S, Mallel G, Yarden Y, Aylon Y, Oren M. TAZ facilitates breast tumor growth by promoting an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2675-2693. [PMID: 37716913 PMCID: PMC10701768 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The core Hippo pathway module consists of a tumour-suppressive kinase cascade that inhibits the transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 (WWTR1; also known as TAZ). When the Hippo pathway is downregulated, as often occurs in breast cancer, YAP/TAZ activity is induced. To elaborate the roles of TAZ in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), we depleted Taz in murine TNBC 4T1 cells, using either CRISPR/Cas9 or small hairpin RNA (shRNA). TAZ-depleted cells and their controls, harbouring wild-type levels of TAZ, were orthotopically injected into the mammary fat pads of syngeneic BALB/c female mice, and mice were monitored for tumour growth. TAZ depletion resulted in smaller tumours compared to the tumours generated by control cells, in line with the notion that TAZ functions as an oncogene in breast cancer. Tumours, as well as their corresponding in vitro cultured cells, were then subjected to gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Interestingly, pathway analysis of the RNA-seq data indicated a TAZ-dependent enrichment of 'Inflammatory Response', a pathway correlated with TAZ expression levels also in human breast cancer tumours. Specifically, the RNA-seq analysis predicted a significant depletion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in TAZ-deficient tumours, which was experimentally validated by the staining of tumour sections and by quantitative cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF). Strikingly, the differences in tumour size were completely abolished in immune-deficient mice, demonstrating that the immune-modulatory capacity of TAZ is critical for its oncogenic activity in this setting. Cytokine array analysis of conditioned medium from cultured cells revealed that TAZ increased the abundance of a small group of cytokines, including plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (Serpin E1; also known as PAI-1), CCN family member 4 (CCN4; also known as WISP-1) and interleukin-23 (IL-23), suggesting a potential mechanistic explanation for its in vivo immunomodulatory effect. Together, our results imply that TAZ functions in a non-cell-autonomous manner to modify the tumour immune microenvironment and dampen the anti-tumour immune response, thereby facilitating tumour growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Gershoni
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ori Hassin
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Sivan Baruch
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Adi Avioz‐Seligman
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Anna Chiara Pirona
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Liat Fellus‐Alyagor
- Department of Veterinary ResourcesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Tomer Meir Salame
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Life Sciences Core FacilitiesWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | | | - Giuseppe Mallel
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Yael Aylon
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
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Zipinotti Dos Santos D, de Souza JC, Pimenta TM, da Silva Martins B, Junior RSR, Butzene SMS, Tessarolo NG, Cilas PML, Silva IV, Rangel LBA. The impact of lipid metabolism on breast cancer: a review about its role in tumorigenesis and immune escape. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:161. [PMID: 37370164 PMCID: PMC10304265 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequent type of cancer in the world and most common among women, configuring a major challenge to global health. BC is a complex and heterogeneous disease that can be subdivided into distinct tumor types based on the expression of molecular markers predicting patient outcomes and response to therapy. A growing number of studies have tried to expand the known markers by investigating the association of altered lipid metabolism with BC immune escape, progression, and metastasis. In this review, we describe the metabolic peculiarities of each BC subtype, understanding how this influences its aggressiveness and identifying whether these intrinsic vulnerabilities of each subtype can play a role in therapeutic management and may affect immune system cells in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION The evidence suggests so far that when changes occur in lipid pathways, it can affect the availability of structural lipids for membrane synthesis, lipid synthesis, and degradation that contribute to energy homeostasis and cell signaling functions. These findings will guide the next steps on the path to understanding the mechanisms underlying how lipids alterations are related to disparities in chemotherapeutic response and immune escape in BC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra Zipinotti Dos Santos
- Biotechnology Program/RENORBIO, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria (Espírito Santo), Brazil.
| | - Josiany Carlos de Souza
- Biotechnology Program/RENORBIO, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria (Espírito Santo), Brazil
| | - Tatiana Massariol Pimenta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, MaruípeEspírito Santo, Vitória, 1468, Brazil
| | - Bárbara da Silva Martins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, MaruípeEspírito Santo, Vitória, 1468, Brazil
| | - Roberto Silva Ribeiro Junior
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, MaruípeEspírito Santo, Vitória, 1468, Brazil
| | - Solenny Maria Silva Butzene
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, MaruípeEspírito Santo, Vitória, 1468, Brazil
| | - Nayara Gusmão Tessarolo
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, (São Paulo), Brazil
| | | | - Ian Victor Silva
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Leticia B A Rangel
- Biotechnology Program/RENORBIO, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria (Espírito Santo), Brazil.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, MaruípeEspírito Santo, Vitória, 1468, Brazil.
- Biochemistry Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
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9
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An D, Zhai D, Wan C, Yang K. The role of lipid metabolism in cancer radioresistance. Clin Transl Oncol 2023:10.1007/s12094-023-03134-4. [PMID: 37079212 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-023-03134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is one of the main therapies for cancer. The process leading to radioresistance is still not fully understood. Cancer radiosensitivity is related to the DNA reparation of cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME), which supports cancer cell survival. Factors that affect DNA reparation and the TME can directly or indirectly affect the radiosensitivity of cancer. Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism in cancer cells, which is involved in the stability of cell membrane structure, energy supply and signal transduction of cancer cells, can also affect the phenotype and function of immune cells and stromal cells in the TME. In this review, we discussed the effects of lipid metabolism on the radiobiological characteristics of cancer cells and the TME. We also summarized recent advances in targeted lipid metabolism as a radiosensitizer and discussed how these scientific findings could be translated into clinical practice to improve the radiosensitivity of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan An
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Danyi Zhai
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chao Wan
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Kunyu Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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10
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De Martino M, Daviaud C, Hajjar E, Vanpouille-Box C. Fatty acid metabolism and radiation-induced anti-tumor immunity. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 376:121-141. [PMID: 36997267 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a major regulator of anti-tumor immune responses with large body of evidence that demonstrate its ability to impact the differentiation and function of immune cells. Therefore, depending on the metabolic cues that stem in the tumor microenvironment, the tumor fatty acid metabolism can tilt the balance of inflammatory signals to either promote or impair anti-tumor immune responses. Oxidative stressors such as reactive oxygen species generated from radiation therapy can rewire the tumor energy supply, suggesting that radiation therapy can further perturb the energy metabolism of a tumor by promoting fatty acid production. In this review, we critically discuss the network of fatty acid metabolism and how it regulates immune response especially in the context of radiation therapy.
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11
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Hyroššová P, Milošević M, Škoda J, Vachtenheim Jr J, Rohlena J, Rohlenová K. Effects of metabolic cancer therapy on tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1046630. [PMID: 36582801 PMCID: PMC9793001 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1046630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting tumor metabolism for cancer therapy is an old strategy. In fact, historically the first effective cancer therapeutics were directed at nucleotide metabolism. The spectrum of metabolic drugs considered in cancer increases rapidly - clinical trials are in progress for agents directed at glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, glutaminolysis and several others. These pathways are essential for cancer cell proliferation and redox homeostasis, but are also required, to various degrees, in other cell types present in the tumor microenvironment, including immune cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts. How metabolism-targeted treatments impact these tumor-associated cell types is not fully understood, even though their response may co-determine the overall effectivity of therapy. Indeed, the metabolic dependencies of stromal cells have been overlooked for a long time. Therefore, it is important that metabolic therapy is considered in the context of tumor microenvironment, as understanding the metabolic vulnerabilities of both cancer and stromal cells can guide new treatment concepts and help better understand treatment resistance. In this review we discuss recent findings covering the impact of metabolic interventions on cellular components of the tumor microenvironment and their implications for metabolic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Hyroššová
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Mirko Milošević
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Josef Škoda
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Vachtenheim Jr
- 3rd Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jakub Rohlena
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kateřina Rohlenová
- Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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12
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Chen J, Wang R, Liu Z, Fan J, Liu S, Tan S, Li X, Li B, Yang X. Unbalanced Glutamine Partitioning between CD8T Cells and Cancer Cells Accompanied by Immune Cell Dysfunction in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cells 2022; 11:3924. [PMID: 36497182 PMCID: PMC9739589 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamine metabolism is critical both for the proliferation of cancer cells and the activation of CD8T cells to kill cancer cells. We aim to explore the relationship between the glutamine metabolism of CD8T cells and cancer cells and tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. In a TCGA cohort, we found that patients with high scores of glutamine-metabolism-related genes showed poor prognoses, and that a high score of glutamine-metabolism-related genes was an independent risk factor for HCC patients. In single-cell RNA-seq data, we found that, in some patients, the glutamine metabolism gene scores of tumor cells were significantly higher than those of CD8T cells, while decreased ratios of CD8-Tef-GZMA and suppressed tumor-killing activity of CD8-Tef-APOC2 were observed. A further genetic dynamics pseudotime analysis suggested that immune remodeling of these two subpopulations was accompanied by metabolic reprogramming. CD8-Tef-APOC2 in the dominant group tended to metabolize exogenous lipids, while the metabolic program of CD8-Tef-GZMA in the nondominant group was characterized by amino acid and endogenous lipid synthesis. In addition, we found that the glutamine metabolism inhibitor JHU083 promoted the proliferation of CD8T cells and improved the efficacy of PD-1 blockers. We proposed a new tool to quantify the glutamine partitioning between tumor cells and CD8T cells, through which the unique immune microenvironment could be identified at the transcriptome level. Furthermore, the simultaneous destruction of the glutamine metabolism in tumor cells and CD8T cells facilitated the enrichment of tumor-infiltrating CD8T cells and enhanced the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Chen
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhongliang Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shenglu Liu
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shunde Tan
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinkai Li
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of General Surgery (Hepatobiliary Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou 646000, China
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13
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Böttcher-Loschinski R, Rial Saborido J, Böttcher M, Kahlfuss S, Mougiakakos D. Lipotoxicity as a Barrier for T Cell-Based Therapies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091182. [PMID: 36139021 PMCID: PMC9496045 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, T-cell-based approaches play an increasing role in cancer treatment. In particular, the use of (genetically engineered) T-cells has heralded a novel era for various diseases with previously poor outcomes. Concurrently, the relationship between the functional behavior of immune cells and their metabolic state, known as immunometabolism, has been found to be an important determinant for the success of immunotherapy. In this context, immune cell metabolism is not only controlled by the expression of transcription factors, enzymes and transport proteins but also by nutrient availability and the presence of intermediate metabolites. The lack of as well as an oversupply of nutrients can be detrimental and lead to cellular dysfunction and damage, potentially resulting in reduced metabolic fitness and/or cell death. This review focusses on the detrimental effects of excessive exposure of T cells to fatty acids, known as lipotoxicity, in the context of an altered lipid tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, implications of T cell-related lipotoxicity for immunotherapy will be discussed, as well as potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Böttcher-Loschinski
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Judit Rial Saborido
- Medical Department 5–Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Böttcher
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Kahlfuss
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- CHaMP, Center for Health and Medical Prevention, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Mougiakakos
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Magdeburg, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Medical Department 5–Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation (GCI3), Medical Center, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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14
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Aria H, Rezaei M, Nazem S, Daraei A, Nikfar G, Mansoori B, Bahmanyar M, Tavassoli A, Vakil MK, Mansoori Y. Purinergic receptors are a key bottleneck in tumor metabolic reprogramming: The prime suspect in cancer therapeutic resistance. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947885. [PMID: 36072596 PMCID: PMC9444135 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP and other nucleoside phosphates have specific receptors named purinergic receptors. Purinergic receptors and ectonucleotidases regulate various signaling pathways that play a role in physiological and pathological processes. Extracellular ATP in the tumor microenvironment (TME) has a higher level than in normal tissues and plays a role in cancer cell growth, survival, angiogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. In this review, we investigated the role of purinergic receptors in the development of resistance to therapy through changes in tumor cell metabolism. When a cell transforms to neoplasia, its metabolic processes change. The metabolic reprogramming modified metabolic feature of the TME, that can cause impeding immune surveillance and promote cancer growth. The purinergic receptors contribute to therapy resistance by modifying cancer cells' glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. Limiting the energy supply of cancer cells is one approach to overcoming resistance. Glycolysis inhibitors which reduce intracellular ATP levels may make cancer cells more susceptible to anti-cancer therapies. The loss of the P2X7R through glucose intolerance and decreased fatty acid metabolism reduces therapeutic resistance. Potential metabolic blockers that can be employed in combination with other therapies will aid in the discovery of new anti-cancer immunotherapy to overcome therapy resistance. Therefore, therapeutic interventions that are considered to inhibit cancer cell metabolism and purinergic receptors simultaneously can potentially reduce resistance to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Aria
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Nazem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Daraei
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ghasem Nikfar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Behnam Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahmanyar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Alireza Tavassoli
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazem Vakil
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Yaser Mansoori
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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15
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Marelli G, Morina N, Portale F, Pandini M, Iovino M, Di Conza G, Ho PC, Di Mitri D. Lipid-loaded macrophages as new therapeutic target in cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2022-004584. [PMID: 35798535 PMCID: PMC9263925 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are main players of the innate immune system. They show great heterogeneity and play diverse functions that include support to development, sustenance of tissue homeostasis and defense against infections. Dysfunctional macrophages have been described in multiple pathologies including cancer. Indeed tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are abundant in most tumors and sustain cancer growth, promote invasion and mediate immune evasion. Importantly, lipid metabolism influences macrophage activation and lipid accumulation confers pathogenic features on macrophages. Notably, a subset of lipid-loaded macrophages has been recently identified in many tumor types. Lipid-loaded TAMs support tumor growth and progression and exert immune-suppressive activities. In this review, we describe the role of lipid metabolism in macrophage activation in physiology and pathology and we discuss the impact of lipid accumulation in macrophages in the context of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Marelli
- Tumor Microenvironment Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Nicolò Morina
- Tumor Microenvironment Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Lombardia, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Federica Portale
- Tumor Microenvironment Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Marta Pandini
- Tumor Microenvironment Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Lombardia, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Marta Iovino
- Tumor Microenvironment Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Giusy Di Conza
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Ludwig Institute of Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Diletta Di Mitri
- Tumor Microenvironment Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Lombardia, Italy .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Lombardia, Italy
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16
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Metabolic reprograming of MDSCs within tumor microenvironment and targeting for cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1337-1348. [PMID: 34561553 PMCID: PMC9160034 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of emerging studies in field of immune metabolism have indicated that cellular metabolic reprograming serves as a major administrator in maintaining the viability and functions of both tumor cells and immune cells. As one of the most important immunosuppressive cells in tumor stroma, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) dynamically orchestrate their metabolic pathways in response to the complicated tumor microenvironment (TME), a process that consequently limits the therapeutic effectiveness of anti-cancer treatment modalities. In this context, the metabolic vulnerabilities of MDSCs could be exploited as a novel immune metabolic checkpoint upon which to intervene for promoting the efficacy of immunotherapy. Here, we have discussed about recent studies highlighting the important roles of the metabolic reprograming and the core molecular pathways involved in tumor-infiltrating MDSCs. In addition, we have also summarized the state-of-the-art strategies that are currently being employed to target MDSC metabolism and improve the efficacy of antineoplastic immunotherapy.
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17
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Tang Y, Tian W, Xie J, Zou Y, Wang Z, Li N, Zeng Y, Wu L, Zhang Y, Wu S, Xie X, Yang L. Prognosis and Dissection of Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Breast Cancer Based on Fatty Acid Metabolism-Related Signature. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843515. [PMID: 35432381 PMCID: PMC9009264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid metabolism has been deciphered to augment tumorigenesis and disease progression in addition to therapy resistance via strengthened lipid synthesis, storage, and catabolism. Breast cancer is strongly associated with the biological function of fatty acid metabolism owing to the abundant presence of adipocytes in breast tissue. It has been unraveled that tumor cells exhibit considerable plasticity based on fatty acid metabolism, responding to extra-tumoral and a range of metabolic signals, in which tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role. However, the prognostic significance of fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer remains to be further investigated. Alongside these insights, we retrieved 269 reliable fatty acid metabolism-related genes (FMGs) and identified the landscape of copy number variations and expression level among those genes. Additionally, 11 overall survival-related FMGs were clarified by univariate Cox hazards regression analysis in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) databases. Subsequently, a prognostic signature based on 6 overall survival (OS)-related FMGs was generated using Lasso Cox hazards regression analysis in TCGA dataset and was validated in two external cohorts. The correlation between the signature and several essential clinical parameters, including T, N, and PAM50 subtypes, was unveiled by comparing the accumulating signature value in various degrees. Furthermore, an optimal nomogram incorporating the signature, age, and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage was constructed, and the discrimination was verified by C-index, the calibration curve, and the decision curve analysis. The underlying implications for immune checkpoints inhibitors, the landscape of tumor immune microenvironment, and the predictive significance in therapy resistance to diverse strategies were depicted ultimately. In conclusion, our findings indicate the potential prognostic connotation of fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer, supporting novel insights into breast cancer patients’ prognosis and administrating effective immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Tang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Tian
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jindong Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutian Zou
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehao Wang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyu Wu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Lin HJ, Liu Y, Lofland D, Lin J. Breast Cancer Tumor Microenvironment and Molecular Aberrations Hijack Tumoricidal Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020285. [PMID: 35053449 PMCID: PMC8774102 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune therapy is designed to stimulate tumoricidal effects in a variety of solid tumors including breast carcinomas. However, the emergence of resistant clones leads to treatment failure. Understanding the molecular, cellular, and microenvironmental aberrations is crucial to uncovering underlying mechanisms and developing advanced strategies for preventing or combating these resistant malignancies. This review will summarize research findings revealing various mechanisms employed to hijack innate and adaptive immune surveillance mechanisms, develop hypoxic and tumor promoting metabolism, and foster an immune tolerance microenvironment. In addition, it will highlight potential targets for therapeutic approaches. Abstract Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among females in western countries, where women have an overall lifetime risk of >10% for developing invasive breast carcinomas. It is not a single disease but is composed of distinct subtypes associated with different clinical outcomes and is highly heterogeneous in both the molecular and clinical aspects. Although tumor initiation is largely driven by acquired genetic alterations, recent data suggest microenvironment-mediated immune evasion may play an important role in neoplastic progression. Beyond surgical resection, radiation, and chemotherapy, additional therapeutic options include hormonal deactivation, targeted-signaling pathway treatment, DNA repair inhibition, and aberrant epigenetic reversion. Yet, the fatality rate of metastatic breast cancer remains unacceptably high, largely due to treatment resistance and metastases to brain, lung, or bone marrow where tumor bed penetration of therapeutic agents is limited. Recent studies indicate the development of immune-oncological therapy could potentially eradicate this devastating malignancy. Evidence suggests tumors express immunogenic neoantigens but the immunity towards these antigens is frequently muted. Established tumors exhibit immunological tolerance. This tolerance reflects a process of immune suppression elicited by the tumor, and it represents a critical obstacle towards successful antitumor immunotherapy. In general, immune evasive mechanisms adapted by breast cancer encompasses down-regulation of antigen presentations or recognition, lack of immune effector cells, obstruction of anti-tumor immune cell maturation, accumulation of immunosuppressive cells, production of inhibitory cytokines, chemokines or ligands/receptors, and up-regulation of immune checkpoint modulators. Together with altered metabolism and hypoxic conditions, they constitute a permissive tumor microenvironment. This article intends to discern representative incidents and to provide potential innovative therapeutic regimens to reinstate tumoricidal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jen Lin
- Department of Medical & Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Willard Hall Education Building, 16 West Main Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-302-831-7576; Fax: +1-302-831-4180
| | - Yingguang Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Liberty University, 306 Liberty View Lane, Lynchburg, VA 24502, USA;
| | - Denene Lofland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tower Campus, Drexel University College of Medicine, 50 Innovation Way, Wyomissing, PA 19610, USA;
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
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19
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Yu W, Lei Q, Yang L, Qin G, Liu S, Wang D, Ping Y, Zhang Y. Contradictory roles of lipid metabolism in immune response within the tumor microenvironment. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:187. [PMID: 34742349 PMCID: PMC8572421 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex interactions between the immune system and tumor cells exist throughout the initiation and development of cancer. Although the immune system eliminates malignantly transformed cells in the early stage, surviving tumor cells evade host immune defense through various methods and even reprogram the anti-tumor immune response to a pro-tumor phenotype to obtain unlimited growth and metastasis. The high proliferation rate of tumor cells increases the demand for local nutrients and oxygen. Poorly organized vessels can barely satisfy this requirement, which results in an acidic, hypoxic, and glucose-deficient tumor microenvironment. As a result, lipids in the tumor microenvironment are activated and utilized as a primary source of energy and critical regulators in both tumor cells and related immune cells. However, the exact role of lipid metabolism reprogramming in tumor immune response remains unclear. A comprehensive understanding of lipid metabolism dysfunction in the tumor microenvironment and its dual effects on the immune response is critical for mapping the detailed landscape of tumor immunology and developing specific treatments for cancer patients. In this review, we have focused on the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment and have discussed its contradictory roles in the tumor immune response. In addition, we have summarized the current therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism in tumor immunotherapy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of lipid metabolism in the tumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Yu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyang Lei
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohui Qin
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Shasha Liu
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ping
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center and Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, People's Republic of China. .,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Arya S, Gourley AJ, Penedo JC, Blindauer CA, Stewart AJ. Fatty acids may influence insulin dynamics through modulation of albumin-Zn 2+ interactions. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100172. [PMID: 34725844 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Insulin is stored within the pancreas in an inactive Zn2+ -bound hexameric form prior to release. Similarly, clinical insulins contain Zn2+ and form multimeric complexes. Upon release from the pancreas or upon injection, insulin only becomes active once Zn2+ disengages from the complex. In plasma and other extracellular fluids, the majority of Zn2+ is bound to human serum albumin (HSA), which plays a vital role in controlling insulin pharmacodynamics by enabling removal of Zn2+ . The Zn2+ -binding properties of HSA are attenuated by non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) also transported by HSA. Elevated NEFA concentrations are associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here we present the hypothesis that higher NEFA levels in obese and/or diabetic individuals may contribute to insulin resistance and affect therapeutic insulin dose-response profiles, through modulation of HSA/Zn2+ dynamics. We envisage this novel concept to have important implications for personalized treatments and management of diabetes-related conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Arya
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Adam J Gourley
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - J Carlos Penedo
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, UK
| | | | - Alan J Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, UK
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21
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Yu Y, Gao L, Wang Y, Xu B, Maswikiti EP, Li H, Zheng P, Tao P, Xiang L, Gu B, Lucas A, Chen H. A Forgotten Corner in Cancer Immunotherapy: The Role of Lipids. Front Oncol 2021; 11:751086. [PMID: 34722305 PMCID: PMC8551635 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.751086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, cancer immunotherapy has achieved great success owing to the unravelling of unknown molecular forces in cancer immunity. However, it is critical that we address the limitations of current immunotherapy, including immune-related adverse events and drug resistance, and further enhance current immunotherapy. Lipids are reported to play important roles in modulating immune responses in cancer. Cancer cells use lipids to support their aggressive behaviour and allow immune evasion. Metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells destroys the equilibrium between lipid anabolism and catabolism, resulting in lipid accumulation within the tumour microenvironment (TME). Consequently, ubiquitous lipids, mainly fatty acids, within the TME can impact the function and phenotype of infiltrating immune cells. Determining the complex roles of lipids and their interactions with the TME will provide new insight for improving anti-tumour immune responses by targeting lipids. Herein, we present a review of recent literature that has demonstrated how lipid metabolism reprogramming occurs in cancer cells and influences cancer immunity. We also summarise the potential for lipid-based clinical translation to modify immune treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ewetse Paul Maswikiti
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haiyuan Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengxian Tao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Baohong Gu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Alexandra Lucas
- Center for Personalized Diagnostics and Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.,The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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22
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Harnessing Metabolic Reprogramming to Improve Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910268. [PMID: 34638609 PMCID: PMC8508898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune escape is one of the hallmarks of cancer. While metabolic reprogramming provides survival advantage to tumor cancer cells, accumulating data also suggest such metabolic rewiring directly affects the activation, differentiation and function of immune cells, particularly in the tumor microenvironment. Understanding how metabolic reprogramming affects both tumor and immune cells, as well as their interplay, is therefore critical to better modulate tumor immune microenvironment in the era of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss alterations in several essential metabolic pathways in both tumor and key immune cells, provide evidence on their dynamic interaction, and propose innovative strategies to improve cancer immunotherapy via the modulation of metabolic pathways.
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23
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Glasner A, Plitas G. Tumor resident regulatory T cells. Semin Immunol 2021; 52:101476. [PMID: 33906820 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The immune system mediates powerful effector mechanisms to protect against a diversity of pathogens and equally as important regulatory functions, to limit collateral damage of inflammation, prevent misguided immune responses to "self", and promote tissue repair. Inadequate regulatory control can lead to a variety of inflammatory disorders including autoimmunity, metabolic syndrome, allergies, and progression of malignancies. Cancers evolve complex mechanisms to thwart immune eradication including coopting normal host regulatory processes. This is most evident in the analysis of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), where a preponderance of immunosuppressive immune cells, such as regulatory T (Treg) cells are found. Treg cells express the X-chromosome linked transcription factor Foxp3 and play a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis by suppressing inflammatory responses in diverse biological settings. Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment promote tumor development and progression by dampening anti-tumor immune responses, directly supporting the survival of transformed cells through elaboration of growth factors, and interacting with accessory cells in tumors such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Current insights into the phenotype and function of tumor associated Treg cells have opened up opportunities for their selective targeting in cancer with the goal of alleviating their suppression of anti-tumor immune responses while maintaining overall immune homeostasis. Here, we review Treg cell biology in the context of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and the important role they play in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariella Glasner
- Immunology Program and Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - George Plitas
- Immunology Program and Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA; Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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24
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Gu Y, Niu X, Yin L, Wang Y, Yang Y, Yang X, Zhang Q, Ji H. Enhancing Fatty Acid Catabolism of Macrophages Within Aberrant Breast Cancer Tumor Microenvironment Can Re-establish Antitumor Function. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665869. [PMID: 33937269 PMCID: PMC8081981 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains an intractable challenge owing to its aggressive nature and lack of any known therapeutic targets. Macrophages play a crucial role in cancer promotion and poor prognosis within the tumor microenvironment (TME). The phagocytosis checkpoint in macrophages has broader implications for current cancer immunotherapeutic strategies. Here, we demonstrate the modulation in the antitumor activity of macrophages within the aberrant metabolic microenvironment of TNBC by metabolic intervention. The co-culture of macrophages with TNBC cell lines led to a decrease in both their phagocytic function and expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The transcription of glycolysis and fatty acid (FA) catabolism-related factors was inhibited within the dysregulated tumor metabolic microenvironment. Enhancement of FA catabolism by treatment with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) agonist, fenofibrate (FF), could re-establish macrophages to gain their antineoplastic activity by activating the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling pathway and increasing ATP production by FA oxidation. The combination of fenofibrate and anti-CD47 therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth in a 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model. In conclusion, the enhancement of FA catabolism of macrophages could re-establish them to resume antitumor activity in the TME. Anti-CD47 therapy combined with fenofibrate may serve as a novel and potential immunotherapeutic approach for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Gu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingjian Niu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Yin
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongfei Ji
- Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
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25
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Increased lipid metabolism impairs NK cell function and mediates adaptation to the lymphoma environment. Blood 2021; 136:3004-3017. [PMID: 32818230 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play critical roles in protection against hematological malignancies but can acquire a dysfunctional state, which limits antitumor immunity. However, the underlying reasons for this impaired NK cell function remain to be uncovered. We found that NK cells in aggressive B-cell lymphoma underwent substantial transcriptional reprogramming associated with increased lipid metabolism, including elevated expression of the transcriptional regulator peroxisome activator receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). Exposure to fatty acids in the lymphoma environment potently suppressed NK cell effector response and cellular metabolism. NK cells from both diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients and Eµ-myc B-cell lymphoma-bearing mice displayed reduced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production. Activation of PPAR-γ partially restored mitochondrial membrane potential and IFN-γ production. Overall, our data indicate that increased lipid metabolism, while impairing their function, is a functional adaptation of NK cells to the fatty-acid rich lymphoma environment.
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26
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Lu G, Li J, Ding L, Wang C, Tang L, Liu X, Xu J, Zhou Q, Sun J, Wang W, Ding X. The Deubiquitinating Enzyme UCHL1 Induces Resistance to Doxorubicin in HER2+ Breast Cancer by Promoting Free Fatty Acid Synthesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:629640. [PMID: 33718207 PMCID: PMC7943833 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.629640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), which is a deubiquitinating enzyme, is known to play a role in chemoresistance in cancers. However, its potential roles and mechanisms in the chemoresistance of breast cancer (BC) remain unclear. In this study, we examined its expression in patients with BC and employed Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test for survival analyses. It was found that up-regulated UCHL1 expression was positively associated with both chemoresistance and poor prognosis, especially in patients with HER2+ BC. Moreover, UCHL1 expression was elevated in HER2+ BC cells (SK-BR-3 and BT474). Similarly, doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant BC cells (MCF-7/DOX) had higher UCHL1 levels than MCF-7 cells. CCK-8 assay showed that BC cells with higher UCHL1 levels were more resistant to DOX. Furthermore, by inhibiting UCHL1 in BC cells with elevated UCHL1 expression, we demonstrated that UCHL1 promoted DOX-resistance in BC. Mechanistically, UCHL1 probably promoted DOX-resistance of BC by up-regulating free fatty acid (FFA) synthesis, as exhibited by reduced FFA synthase expression and resurrected DOX-sensitivity upon UCHL1 inhibition. Overall, UCHL1 up-regulation is associated with DOX-resistance and poor prognosis in patients with HER2+ BC. UCHL1 induces DOX-resistance by up-regulating FFA synthesis in HER2+ BC cells. Thus, UCHL1 might be a potential clinical target for overcoming DOX resistance in patients with HER2+ BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxian Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leyun Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chenping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong Third Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lian Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinhui Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiantong Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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27
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Zhao S, Peralta RM, Avina-Ochoa N, Delgoffe GM, Kaech SM. Metabolic regulation of T cells in the tumor microenvironment by nutrient availability and diet. Semin Immunol 2021; 52:101485. [PMID: 34462190 PMCID: PMC8545851 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) for the treatment of cancer have generated excitement over their ability to yield durable, and potentially curative, responses in a multitude of cancers. These findings have established that the immune system is capable of eliminating tumors and led us to a better, albeit still incomplete, understanding of the mechanisms by which tumors interact with and evade destruction by the immune system. Given the central role of T cells in immunotherapy, elucidating the cell intrinsic and extrinsic factors that govern T cell function in tumors will facilitate the development of immunotherapies that establish durable responses in a greater number of patients. One such factor is metabolism, a set of fundamental cellular processes that not only sustains cell survival and proliferation, but also serves as a means for cells to interpret their local environment. Nutrient sensing is critical for T cells that must infiltrate into a metabolically challenging tumor microenvironment and expand under these harsh conditions to eliminate cancerous cells. Here we introduce T cell exhaustion with respect to cellular metabolism, followed by a discussion of nutrient availability at the tumor and organismal level in relation to T cell metabolism and function to provide rationale for the study and targeting of metabolism in anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Zhao
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronal M Peralta
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Natalia Avina-Ochoa
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Greg M Delgoffe
- Tumor Microenvironment Center, Department of Immunology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Susan M Kaech
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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28
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He S, Cai T, Yuan J, Zheng X, Yang W. Lipid Metabolism in Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1316:149-167. [PMID: 33740249 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6785-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cells recognize "foreign" antigens and induce durable humoral and cellular immune responses, which are indispensable for defending pathogens, as well as maintaining the integrity and homeostasis of tissues and organs. T cells are the major immune cell population in the tumor microenvironment which play a critical role in the antitumor immune response and cancer immune surveillance. Defective immune response of tumor-infiltrating T cells is the main cause of cancer immune evasion. The antitumor response of T cells is affected by multiple factors in the tumor microenvironment, including immunosuppressive cells, immune inhibitory cytokines, tumor-derived suppressive signals like PD-L1, immnuogenicity of tumor cells, as well as metabolic factors like hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. Abundant studies in past decades have proved the metabolic regulations of the immune response of T cells and the tumor-infiltrating T cells. In this chapter, we will discuss the regulations of the antitumor response of tumor-infiltrating T cells by lipid metabolism, which is one of the main components of metabolic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangwen He
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Yuan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Zheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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29
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Wei F, Wang D, Wei J, Tang N, Tang L, Xiong F, Guo C, Zhou M, Li X, Li G, Xiong W, Zhang S, Zeng Z. Metabolic crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment regulates antitumor immunosuppression and immunotherapy resisitance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:173-193. [PMID: 32654036 PMCID: PMC11072448 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03581-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The successful treatment of human cancers by immunotherapy has been made possible by breakthroughs in the discovery of immune checkpoint regulators, including CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1. However, the immunosuppressive effect of the tumor microenvironment still represents an important bottleneck that limits the success of immunotherapeutic approaches. The tumor microenvironment influences the metabolic crosstalk between tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, creating competition for the utilization of nutrients and promoting immunosuppression. In addition, tumor-derived metabolites regulate the activation and effector function of immune cells through a variety of mechanisms; in turn, the metabolites and other factors secreted by immune cells can also become accomplices to cancer development. Immune-metabolic checkpoint regulation is an emerging concept that is being studied with the aim of restoring the immune response in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the metabolic reprogramming of various cell types present in the tumor microenvironment, with a focus on the interaction between the metabolic pathways of these cells and antitumor immunosuppression. We also discuss the main metabolic checkpoints that could provide new means of enhancing antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Center for Aging Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
- Department of Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Junyuan Wei
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Niwen Tang
- Center for Aging Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Le Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Guiyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- Department of Stomatology, NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nonresolving Inflammation and Cancer, Disease Genome Research Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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30
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Marino N, German R, Rao X, Simpson E, Liu S, Wan J, Liu Y, Sandusky G, Jacobsen M, Stoval M, Cao S, Storniolo AMV. Upregulation of lipid metabolism genes in the breast prior to cancer diagnosis. NPJ Breast Cancer 2020; 6:50. [PMID: 33083529 PMCID: PMC7538898 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-020-00191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histologically normal tissue adjacent to the tumor can provide insight of the microenvironmental alterations surrounding the cancerous lesion and affecting the progression of the disease. However, little is known about the molecular changes governing cancer initiation in cancer-free breast tissue. Here, we employed laser microdissection and whole-transcriptome profiling of the breast epithelium prior to and post tumor diagnosis to identify the earliest alterations in breast carcinogenesis. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the three tissue compartments (microdissected epithelium, stroma, and adipose tissue) was performed on the breast donated by either healthy subjects or women prior to the clinical manifestation of cancer (labeled "susceptible normal tissue"). Although both susceptible and healthy breast tissues appeared histologically normal, the susceptible breast epithelium displayed a significant upregulation of genes involved in fatty acid uptake/transport (CD36 and AQP7), lipolysis (LIPE), and lipid peroxidation (AKR1C1). Upregulation of lipid metabolism- and fatty acid transport-related genes was observed also in the microdissected susceptible stromal and adipose tissue compartments, respectively, when compared with the matched healthy controls. Moreover, inter-compartmental co-expression analysis showed increased epithelium-adipose tissue crosstalk in the susceptible breasts as compared with healthy controls. Interestingly, reductions in natural killer (NK)-related gene signature and CD45+/CD20+ cell staining were also observed in the stromal compartment of susceptible breasts. Our study yields new insights into the cancer initiation process in the breast. The data suggest that in the early phase of cancer development, metabolic activation of the breast, together with increased epithelium-adipose tissue crosstalk may create a favorable environment for final cell transformation, proliferation, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascia Marino
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Rana German
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Xi Rao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Ed Simpson
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - George Sandusky
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Max Jacobsen
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Miranda Stoval
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Sha Cao
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Anna Maria V Storniolo
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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31
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Lipids in the tumor microenvironment: From cancer progression to treatment. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101055. [PMID: 32791170 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the study of metabolic abnormalities in cancer cells has risen dramatically. Cancer cells can thrive in challenging environments, be it the hypoxic and nutrient-deplete tumor microenvironment or a distant tissue following metastasis. The ways in which cancer cells utilize lipids are often influenced by the complex interactions within the tumor microenvironment and adjacent stroma. Adipocytes can be activated by cancer cells to lipolyze their triglyceride stores, delivering secreted fatty acids to cancer cells for uptake through numerous fatty acid transporters. Cancer-associated fibroblasts are also implicated in lipid secretion for cancer cell catabolism and lipid signaling leading to activation of mitogenic and migratory pathways. As these cancer-stromal interactions are exacerbated during tumor progression, fatty acids secreted into the microenvironment can impact infiltrating immune cell function and phenotype. Lipid metabolic abnormalities such as increased fatty acid oxidation and de novo lipid synthesis can provide survival advantages for the tumor to resist chemotherapeutic and radiation treatments and alleviate cellular stresses involved in the metastatic cascade. In this review, we highlight recent literature that demonstrates how lipids can shape each part of the cancer lifecycle and show that there is significant potential for therapeutic intervention surrounding lipid metabolic and signaling pathways.
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32
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Tan B, Zhang Y, Zhang T, He J, Luo X, Bian X, Wu J, Zou C, Wang Y, Fu L. Identifying potential serum biomarkers of breast cancer through targeted free fatty acid profiles screening based on a GC-MS platform. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4922. [PMID: 32537761 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances suggest that abnormal fatty acid metabolism highly correlates with breast cancer, which provide clues to discover potential biomarkers of breast cancer. This study aims to identify serum free fatty acid (FFA) metabolic profiles and screen potential biomarkers for breast cancer diagnosis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and our in-house fatty acid methyl ester standard substances library were combined to accurately identify FFA profiles in serum samples of breast cancer patients and breast adenosis patients (as controls). Potential biomarkers were screened by applying statistical analysis. A total of 18 FFAs were accurately identified in serum sample. Two groups of patients were correctly discriminated by the orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis model based on FFA profiles. Seven FFA levels were significantly higher in serum from breast cancer patients than that in controls, and exhibited positive correlation with malignant degrees of disease. Furthermore, five candidates (palmitic acid, oleic acid, cis-8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, docosanoic acid and the ratio of oleic acid to stearic acid) were selected as potential serum biomarkers for differential diagnosis of breast cancer. Our study will help to reveal the metabolic signature of FFAs in breast cancer patients, and provides valuable information for facilitating clinical noninvasive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Tan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Department of Pharmacology and Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Department of Pharmacology and Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Department of Pharmacology and Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinsong He
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueying Luo
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiqing Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Jianlin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yangzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Li Fu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Genome Stability & Disease Prevention, Department of Pharmacology and Shenzhen University International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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33
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Abstract
The immune system has evolved complex effector mechanisms to protect the host against a diversity of pathogenic organisms and regulatory adaptations that can curtail pathological sequelae of inflammatory events, prevent autoimmunity, and assist in tissue repair. Cancers, by virtue of their local manifestations of tissue dysfunction and destruction, inflammation, and genomic instability, can evoke these protective mechanisms, which support the progression of tumors and prevent their immune eradication. Central to these processes is a subset of CD4+ T cells, known as regulatory T (Treg) cells, that express the X chromosome–linked transcription factor FOXP3. In addition to their critical role in controlling autoimmunity and suppressing inflammatory responses in diverse biological settings, Treg cells are ubiquitously present in the tumor microenvironment where they promote tumor development and progression by dampening antitumor immune responses. Furthermore, Treg cells can directly support the survival of transformed cells through the elaboration of growth factors and interacting with accessory cells in tumors such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Current insights into the biology of tumor-associated Treg cells have opened up opportunities for their selective targeting in cancer, with the goal of alleviating their suppression of antitumor immune responses while maintaining overall immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Plitas
- Immunology Program and Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;,
- Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander Y. Rudensky
- Immunology Program and Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;,
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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34
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Riccardi DMDR, das Neves RX, de Matos-Neto EM, Camargo RG, Lima JDCC, Radloff K, Alves MJ, Costa RGF, Tokeshi F, Otoch JP, Maximiano LF, de Alcantara PSM, Colquhoun A, Laviano A, Seelaender M. Plasma Lipid Profile and Systemic Inflammation in Patients With Cancer Cachexia. Front Nutr 2020; 7:4. [PMID: 32083092 PMCID: PMC7005065 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia affects about 80% of advanced cancer patients, it is linked to poor prognosis and to date, there is no efficient treatment or cure. The syndrome leads to progressive involuntary loss of muscle and fat mass induced by systemic inflammatory processes. The role of the white adipose tissue (WAT) in the onset and manifestation of cancer cachexia gained importance during the last decade. WAT wasting is not only characterized by increased lipolysis and release of free fatty acids (FFA), but in addition, owing to its high capacity to produce a variety of inflammatory factors. The aim of this study was to characterize plasma lipid profile of cachectic patients and to correlate the FA composition with circulating inflammatory markers; finally, we sought to establish whether the fatty acids released by adipocytes trigger and/or contribute to local and systemic inflammation in cachexia. The study selected 65 patients further divided into 3 groups: control (N); weight stable cancer (WSC); and cachectic cancer (CC). The plasma FA profile was significantly different among the groups and was positively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in the CC patients. Therefore, we propose that saturated to unsaturated FFA ratio may serve as a means of detecting cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Xavier das Neves
- Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emidio Marques de Matos-Neto
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Gonzalez Camargo
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Katrin Radloff
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michele Joana Alves
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio Tokeshi
- University Hospital of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Pinhata Otoch
- University Hospital of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,University of São Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Linda Ferreira Maximiano
- University Hospital of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,University of São Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Alison Colquhoun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Laviano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilia Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,University of São Paulo Medical School (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
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35
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Madak-Erdogan Z, Band S, Zhao YC, Smith BP, Kulkoyluoglu-Cotul E, Zuo Q, Santaliz Casiano A, Wrobel K, Rossi G, Smith RL, Kim SH, Katzenellenbogen JA, Johnson ML, Patel M, Marino N, Storniolo AMV, Flaws JA. Free Fatty Acids Rewire Cancer Metabolism in Obesity-Associated Breast Cancer via Estrogen Receptor and mTOR Signaling. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2494-2510. [PMID: 30862719 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for postmenopausal estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Molecular mechanisms underlying factors from plasma that contribute to this risk and how these mechanisms affect ERα signaling have yet to be elucidated. To identify such mechanisms, we performed whole metabolite and protein profiling in plasma samples from women at high risk for breast cancer, which led us to focus on factors that were differentially present in plasma of obese versus nonobese postmenopausal women. These studies, combined with in vitro assays, identified free fatty acids (FFA) as circulating plasma factors that correlated with increased proliferation and aggressiveness in ER+ breast cancer cells. FFAs activated both the ERα and mTOR pathways and rewired metabolism in breast cancer cells. Pathway preferential estrogen-1 (PaPE-1), which targets ERα and mTOR signaling, was able to block changes induced by FFA and was more effective in the presence of FFA. Collectively, these data suggest a role for obesity-associated gene and metabolic rewiring in providing new targetable vulnerabilities for ER+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, they provide a basis for preclinical and clinical trials where the impact of agents that target ERα and mTOR signaling cross-talk would be tested to prevent ER+ breast cancers in obese postmenopausal women. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that obesity-associated changes in certain blood metabolites rewire metabolic programs in cancer cells, influence mammary epithelial cell tumorigenicity and aggressiveness, and increase breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Madak-Erdogan
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois. .,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Shoham Band
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Yiru C Zhao
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Brandi P Smith
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Eylem Kulkoyluoglu-Cotul
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Qianying Zuo
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Ashlie Santaliz Casiano
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Kinga Wrobel
- Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Gianluigi Rossi
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | | | - Mariah L Johnson
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Meera Patel
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Natascia Marino
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Anna Maria V Storniolo
- Susan G. Komen Tissue Bank at the IU Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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36
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Mentoor I, Engelbrecht AM, Nell T. Fatty acids: Adiposity and breast cancer chemotherapy, a bad synergy? Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2019; 140:18-33. [PMID: 30553399 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer continues to be a major concern in women's health. Lifestyle related risk factors, specifically excess adipose tissue (adiposity) has reached epidemic proportions and has been identified as a major risk factor in the development of breast cancer. Dysfunctional adipose tissue has evoked research focusing on its association with metabolic-related conditions, breast cancer risk and progression. Adipose dysfunction in coordination with immune cells and inflammation, are responsible for accelerated cell growth and survival of cancer cells. Recently, evidence also implicates adiposity as a potential risk factor for chemotherapy resistance. Chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to negatively impact adipose tissue. Since adipose tissue is a major storage site for fatty acids, it is not unlikely that these negative effects may disrupt adipose tissue homeostasis. It is therefore argued that fatty acid composition may be altered due to the chemotherapeutic pharmacokinetics, which in turn could have severe health related outcomes. The underlying molecular mechanisms elucidating the effects of fatty acid composition in adiposity-linked drug resistance are still unclear and under explored. This review focuses on the potential role of adiposity in breast cancer and specifically emphasizes the role of fatty acids in cancer progression and treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Mentoor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University Main Campus, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
| | - A-M Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University Main Campus, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa
| | - Theo Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Stellenbosch University Main Campus, Stellenbosch 7600, Western Cape, Republic of South Africa.
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37
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Hegyi T, Weinberger B, Memon N, Carayannopoulos M, Huber AH, Kleinfeld AM. Plasma unbound free fatty acid profiles in premature infants before and after intralipid infusion. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 33:2320-2325. [PMID: 30554540 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1548599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Unbound free fatty acids (FFAu) are the bioactive fraction of plasma free fatty acids (FFA). Most plasma FFA are bound to albumin. Only when FFA dissociate from albumin, do they become biologically active.Objective: To measure the first FFAu profiles in human infants and to measure these profiles before and during intravenous administration of the soybean lipid, intralipid (IL).Study design: The study population was 16 premature infants, from a parent study of 130 infants with birth weights 500-2000 g and gestational age 23-34 weeks. The infants chosen had plasma samples of ≥120 µL (volume needed for each FFAu profile measurement) in the first day of life. Infants received IL infusions starting in the second day of life at 1 g/kg/day, increasing by 1-g/kg/day daily up to 3 g/kg/day. FFAu profiles were determined during IL infusion when plasma was available. Profiles are the concentrations of the nine most abundant long-chain FFAu and were determined using novel fluorescent probes.Results: Before intralipid infusion unbound myristic acid was the dominant FFAu, as high as 78% of the total FFAu (sum of the 9 FFAu). In contrast, unbound linoleic acid was 0% in all infants. With increasing infusion of IL to 3 g/kg/day, unbound linoleic increased to 26% of the total FFAu, with unbound oleic, myristic, and linolenic acid the second, third and fourth most abundant. The average total FFAu concentration also increased from 4 nM before intralipid to 53 nM at 3 g/kg/day. During IL infusion the FFAu profiles approached the fatty acid composition of intralipid at 3 g/kg/day.Conclusions: This first study of FFAu profiles in neonates revealed that before IL infusion unbound linoleic acid was zero in all 16 infants and levels of myristic acid were exceptionally large, as much as 78% of the total FFAu profile. These results suggest important and previously unrecognized roles of lipid metabolism in early development. Zero unbound linoleic acid before IL infusion may help promote closure of the ductus arteriosus but after IL infusion, synthesis of arachidonic from linoleic acid may tend to promote patency. The high levels of unbound myristate may be needed for immediate neonatal energy needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hegyi
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Barry Weinberger
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Naureen Memon
- Mid Atlantic Neonatology Associates, Goryeb Children's Hospital, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Mary Carayannopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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38
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Yu XH, Ren XH, Liang XH, Tang YL. Roles of fatty acid metabolism in tumourigenesis: Beyond providing nutrition (Review). Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:5307-5316. [PMID: 30365095 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid (FA) metabolism, including the uptake, de novo synthesis and oxidation of FAs, is critical for the survival, proliferation, differentiation and metastasis of cancer cells. Several bodies of evidence have confirmed the metabolic reprogramming of FAs that occurs during cancer development. The present review aimed to evaluate FAs in terms of how the hallmarks of cancer are gradually established in tumourigenesis and tumour progression, and consider the auxo‑action and exact mechanisms of FA metabolism in these processes. In addition, this interaction in the tumour microenvironment was also discussed. Based on the role of FA metabolism in tumour development, targeting FA metabolism may effectively target cancer, affecting a number of important characteristics of cancer progression and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hua Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hua Ren
- Department of Stomatology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Hua Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Ling Tang
- Department of Oral Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology (Sichuan University), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Badawy AAB. Targeting tryptophan availability to tumors: the answer to immune escape? Immunol Cell Biol 2018; 96:1026-1034. [PMID: 29888434 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumoral immune escape is an obstacle to successful cancer therapy. Tryptophan (Trp) metabolites along the kynurenine pathway induce immunosuppression involving apoptosis of effector immune cells, which tumors use to escape an immune response. Production of these metabolites is initiated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1). IDO1 inhibitors, however, do not always overcome the immune escape and another enzyme expressed in tumors, Trp 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), has been suggested as the reason. However, without Trp, tumors cannot achieve an immune escape through either enzyme. Trp is therefore key to immune escape. In this perspective paper, Trp availability to tumors will be considered and strategies limiting it proposed. One major determinant of Trp availability is the large increase in plasma free (non-albumin-bound) Trp in cancer patients, caused by the low albumin and the high non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in plasma. Albumin infusions, antilipolytic therapy or both could be used, if indicated, as adjuncts to immunotherapy and other therapies. Inhibition of amino acid uptake by tumors is another strategy and α-methyl-DL-tryptophan or other potential inhibitors could fulfill this role. Glucocorticoid receptor antagonists may have a role in preventing glucocorticoid induction of TDO in host liver and tumors expressing it and in undermining the permissive effect of glucocorticoids on IDO1 induction by cytokines. Nicotinamide may be a promising TDO2 inhibitor lacking disadvantages of current inhibitors. Establishing the Trp disposition status of cancer patients and in various tumor types may provide the information necessary to formulate tailored therapeutic approaches to cancer immunotherapy that can also undermine tumoral immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla A-B Badawy
- School of Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Western Avenue, Cardiff, CF5 2YB, Wales, UK
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Cohen IJ, Blasberg R. Impact of the Tumor Microenvironment on Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes: Focus on Breast Cancer. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2017; 11:1178223417731565. [PMID: 28979132 PMCID: PMC5617083 DOI: 10.1177/1178223417731565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is revolutionizing cancer care across disciplines. The original success of immune checkpoint blockade in melanoma has already been translated to Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies in a number of other cancers, and a large number of clinical trials are underway in many other disease types, including breast cancer. Here, we review the basic requirements for a successful antitumor immune response, with a focus on the metabolic and physical barriers encountered by lymphocytes entering breast tumors. We also review recent clinical trials of immunotherapy in breast cancer and provide a number of interesting questions that will need to be answered for successful breast cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan J Cohen
- Louis V. Gerstner, Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Ronald Blasberg
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Oleate but not stearate induces the regulatory phenotype of myeloid suppressor cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7498. [PMID: 28790345 PMCID: PMC5548895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor infiltrating myeloid cells play contradictory roles in the tumor development. Dendritic cells and classical activated macrophages support anti-tumor immune activity via antigen presentation and induction of pro-inflammatory immune responses. Myeloid suppressor cells (MSCs), for instance myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) or tumor associated macrophages play a critical role in tumor growth. Here, treatment with sodium oleate, an unsaturated fatty acid, induced a regulatory phenotype in the myeloid suppressor cell line MSC-2 and resulted in an increased suppression of activated T cells, paralleled by increased intracellular lipid droplets formation. Furthermore, sodium oleate potentiated nitric oxide (NO) production in MSC-2, thereby increasing their suppressive capacity. In primary polarized bone marrow cells, sodium oleate (C18:1) and linoleate (C18:2), but not stearate (C18:0) were identified as potent FFA to induce a regulatory phenotype. This effect was abrogated in MSC-2 as well as primary cells by specific inhibition of droplets formation while the inhibition of de novo FFA synthesis proved ineffective, suggesting a critical role for exogenous FFA in the functional induction of MSCs. Taken together our data introduce a new unsaturated fatty acid-dependent pathway shaping the functional phenotype of MSCs, facilitating the tumor escape from the immune system.
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Hegyi T, Kleinfeld A, Huber A, Weinberger B, Memon N, Shih WJ, Carayannopoulos M, Oh W. Effects of Soybean Lipid Infusion on Unbound Free Fatty Acids and Unbound Bilirubin in Preterm Infants. J Pediatr 2017; 184:45-50.e1. [PMID: 28108102 PMCID: PMC5403563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of a soybean lipid emulsion infusions on levels of unbound (free) bilirubin (Bf) and unbound free fatty acids (FFAu) as well as changes in Bf and total serum bilirubin (TSB) during phototherapy in infants born preterm. STUDY DESIGN Ninety-seven infants born preterm (birth weight: 500-2000 g; gestational age: 23-34 weeks) were enrolled to investigate the effect of 0, 1, 2, and 3 g/kg/d of intralipid infusion on Bf and FFAu. Pre- and postphototherapy TSB, FFAu, and Bf also were analyzed in 91 infants to assess the effects of phototherapy. FFAu levels were measured with the fluorescent probe ADIFAB2 and Bf by the fluorescent Bf sensor BL22P1B11-Rh during intralipid infusion and at start and end of phototherapy. TSB and plasma albumin were measured by the diazo and bromcresol green techniques, respectively. Bilirubin-albumin dissociation constants were calculated based on Bf and plasma albumin. RESULTS Bf and FFAu increased with increasing intralipid dosage across all gestational ages. TSB and Bf were correlated significantly when infants received 0 or 1 g/kg/d of intralipid but not at greater doses of intralipid (2 and 3 g/kg/d). Although phototherapy effectively reduced both TSB and Bf in the total phototherapy group (by 32% and 12%, respectively), it reduced TSB, but not Bf, in infants less than 28 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSIONS Increasing intralipid doses result in increasing FFAu levels, which are associated with increased Bf independent of TSB. In infants born extremely preterm (<28 weeks of gestation), phototherapy effectively reduces TSB but not Bf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hegyi
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of NJ
| | | | | | - Barry Weinberger
- Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - Naureen Memon
- MidAtlantic Neonatology Associates, Goryeb Children's Hospital, Morristown, NJ
| | - Weichung Joe Shih
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Mary Carayannopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of NJ
| | - William Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Alpert Medical School of Brown University
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Huber AH, Kleinfeld AM. Unbound free fatty acid profiles in human plasma and the unexpected absence of unbound palmitoleate. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:578-585. [PMID: 28082409 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m074260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined for the first time the profiles of the nine most abundant unbound FFAs (FFAus) in human plasma. Profiles were determined for a standard reference plasma of pooled healthy adults for which the Lipid MAPSMAPS Consortium had determined the total FFA profiles. Measurements were performed by using 20 different acrylodan-labeled fatty acid binding protein mutants (probes), which have complementary specificities for the nine FFAs that comprise more than 96% of long-chain plasma FFA. The acrylodan fluorescence emission for each probe changes upon binding a FFAu. The plasma concentrations of each of the nine FFAus were determined by combining the measured fluorescence ratios of the 20 probes. The total molar FFAu concentration accounted for <10-5 of the total FFA concentration, and the mole fractions of the FFAu profiles were substantially different than the total FFA profiles. Myristic acid, for example, comprises 22% of the unbound versus 2.8% of the total. The most surprising difference is our finding of zero unbound cis-9-palmitoleic acid (POA), whereas the total POA was 7.2%. An unidentified plasma component appears to specifically prevent the release of POA. FFAus are the physiologically active FFAs, and plasma FFAu profiles may provide novel information about human health.
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Liu L, Wang Z, Park HG, Xu C, Lawrence P, Su X, Wijendran V, Walker WA, Kothapalli KSD, Brenna JT. Human fetal intestinal epithelial cells metabolize and incorporate branched chain fatty acids in a structure specific manner. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 116:32-39. [PMID: 28088292 PMCID: PMC5260611 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) are constituents of gastrointestinal (GI) tract in healthy newborn human infants, reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in a neonatal rat model, and are incorporated into small intestine cellular lipids in vivo. We hypothesize that BCFA are taken up, metabolized and incorporated into human fetal cells in vitro. METHODS Human H4 cells, a fetal non-transformed primary small intestine cell line, were incubated with albumin-bound non-esterified anteiso-17:0, iso-16:0, iso-18:0 and/or iso-20:0, and FA profiles in lipid fractions were analyzed. RESULTS All BCFA were readily incorporated as major constituents of cellular lipids. Anteiso-17:0 was preferentially taken up, and was most effective among BCFA tested in displacing normal (n-) FA. The iso BCFA were preferred in reverse order of chain length, with iso-20:0 appearing at lowest level. BCFA incorporation in phospholipids (PL) followed the same order of preference, accumulating 42% of FA as BCFA with no overt morphological signs of cell death. Though cholesterol esters (CE) are at low cellular concentration among lipid classes examined, CE had the greatest affinity for BCFA, accumulating 65% of FA as BCFA. BCFA most effectively displaced lower saturated FA. Iso-16:0, iso-18:0 and anteiso-17:0 were both elongated and chain shortened by ±C2. Iso-20:0 was chain shortened to iso-18:0 and iso-16:0 but not elongated. CONCLUSIONS Nontransformed human fetal intestinal epithelial cells incorporate high levels of BCFA when they are available and metabolize them in a structure specific manner. These findings imply that specific pathways for handling BCFA are present in the lumen-facing cells of the human fetal GI tract that is exposed to vernix-derived BCFA in late gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Chuang Xu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; College of Animal Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163319, China
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xueli Su
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, China
| | - Vasuki Wijendran
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Charlestow, MA, USA
| | - W Allan Walker
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Charlestow, MA, USA
| | | | - J Thomas Brenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Abstract
Lipid metabolism, in particular the synthesis of fatty acids (FAs), is an essential cellular process that converts nutrients into metabolic intermediates for membrane biosynthesis, energy storage and the generation of signalling molecules. This Review explores how different aspects of FA synthesis promote tumorigenesis and tumour progression. FA synthesis has received substantial attention as a potential target for cancer therapy, but strategies to target this process have not yet translated into clinical practice. Furthermore, efforts to target this pathway must consider the influence of the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Röhrig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Almut Schulze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 6, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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Kinlaw WB, Baures PW, Lupien LE, Davis WL, Kuemmerle NB. Fatty Acids and Breast Cancer: Make Them on Site or Have Them Delivered. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2128-41. [PMID: 26844415 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brisk fatty acid (FA) production by cancer cells is accommodated by the Warburg effect. Most breast and other cancer cell types are addicted to fatty acids (FA), which they require for membrane phospholipid synthesis, signaling purposes, and energy production. Expression of the enzymes required for FA synthesis is closely linked to each of the major classes of signaling molecules that stimulate BC cell proliferation. This review focuses on the regulation of FA synthesis in BC cells, and the impact of FA, or the lack thereof, on the tumor cell phenotype. Given growing awareness of the impact of dietary fat and obesity on BC biology, we will also examine the less-frequently considered notion that, in addition to de novo FA synthesis, the lipolytic uptake of preformed FA may also be an important mechanism of lipid acquisition. Indeed, it appears that cancer cells may exist at different points along a "lipogenic-lipolytic axis," and FA uptake could thwart attempts to exploit the strict requirement for FA focused solely on inhibition of de novo FA synthesis. Strategies for clinically targeting FA metabolism will be discussed, and the current status of the medicinal chemistry in this area will be assessed. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2128-2141, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Kinlaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Paul W Baures
- Department of Chemistry, Keene State University, Keene, New Hampshire
| | - Leslie E Lupien
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Program in Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Wilson L Davis
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Nancy B Kuemmerle
- The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, White River Junction VAMC, White River Junction, Vermont
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Kassaar O, Schwarz-Linek U, Blindauer CA, Stewart AJ. Plasma free fatty acid levels influence Zn(2+) -dependent histidine-rich glycoprotein-heparin interactions via an allosteric switch on serum albumin. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:101-10. [PMID: 25353308 PMCID: PMC4309485 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) regulates coagulation through its ability to bind and neutralize heparins. HRG associates with Zn(2+) to stimulate HRG-heparin complex formation. Under normal conditions, the majority of plasma Zn(2+) associates with human serum albumin (HSA). However, free fatty acids (FFAs) allosterically disrupt Zn(2+) binding to HSA. Thus, high levels of circulating FFAs, as are associated with diabetes, obesity, and cancer, may increase the proportion of plasma Zn(2+) associated with HRG, contributing to an increased risk of thrombotic disease. OBJECTIVES To characterize Zn(2+) binding by HRG, examine the influence that FFAs have on Zn(2+) binding by HSA, and establish whether FFA-mediated displacement of Zn(2+) from HSA may influence HRG-heparin complex formation. METHODS Zn(2+) binding to HRG and to HSA in the presence of different FFA (myristate) concentrations were examined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and the formation of HRG-heparin complexes in the presence of different Zn(2+) concentrations by both ITC and ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We found that HRG possesses 10 Zn(2+) sites (K' = 1.63 × 10(5) ) and that cumulative binding of FFA to HSA perturbed its ability to bind Zn(2+) . Also Zn(2+) binding was shown to increase the affinity with which HRG interacts with unfractionated heparins, but had no effect on its interaction with low molecular weight heparin (~ 6850 Da). [Correction added on 1 December 2014, after first online publication: In the preceding sentence, "6850 kDa" was corrected to "6850 Da".] Speciation modeling of plasma Zn(2+) based on the data obtained suggests that FFA-mediated displacement of Zn(2+) from serum albumin would be likely to contribute to the development of thrombotic complications in individuals with high plasma FFA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kassaar
- School of Medicine, University of St AndrewsSt Andrews, UK
| | - U Schwarz-Linek
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St AndrewsSt Andrews, UK
| | - C A Blindauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickCoventry, UK
| | - A J Stewart
- School of Medicine, University of St AndrewsSt Andrews, UK
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Al-Zhoughbi W, Huang J, Paramasivan GS, Till H, Pichler M, Guertl-Lackner B, Hoefler G, Hoefler G. Tumor macroenvironment and metabolism. Semin Oncol 2014; 41:281-95. [PMID: 24787299 PMCID: PMC4012137 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this review we introduce the concept of the tumor macroenvironment and explore it in the context of metabolism. Tumor cells interact with the tumor microenvironment including immune cells. Blood and lymph vessels are the critical components that deliver nutrients to the tumor and also connect the tumor to the macroenvironment. Several factors are then released from the tumor itself but potentially also from the tumor microenvironment, influencing the metabolism of distant tissues and organs. Amino acids, and distinct lipid and lipoprotein species can be essential for further tumor growth. The role of glucose in tumor metabolism has been studied extensively. Cancer-associated cachexia is the most important tumor-associated systemic syndrome and not only affects the quality of life of patients with various malignancies but is estimated to be the cause of death in 15%-20% of all cancer patients. On the other hand, systemic metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes are known to influence tumor development. Furthermore, the clinical implications of the tumor macroenvironment are explored in the context of the patient's outcome with special consideration for pediatric tumors. Finally, ways to target the tumor macroenvironment that will provide new approaches for therapeutic concepts are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wael Al-Zhoughbi
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Holger Till
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Address correspondence to Gerald Hoefler, MD, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Hegyi T, Kathiravan S, Stahl GE, Huber AH, Kleinfeld A. Unbound free fatty acids from preterm infants treated with intralipid decouples unbound from total bilirubin potentially making phototherapy ineffective. Neonatology 2013; 104:184-7. [PMID: 23970042 DOI: 10.1159/000349995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1,000 g) infants have poor outcomes, often compromised by bilirubin neurotoxicity. We measured unbound bilirubin (Bf) and unbound free fatty acid (FFAu) levels in 5 ELBW infants in a trial examining the effects of pharmacologic ductal closure on infants treated with Intralipid infusion (3 g/kg/day). The levels for all infants (mean ± SD) were: total serum bilirubin (TSB) 4.6 ± 1.7 mg/dl, FFAu 376 ± 496 nM, and Bf 42 ± 30 nM. Of the 3 infants who died, 2 had TSB <5.9 mg/dl but FFAu >580 nM and Bf >75 nM. Multiple regression revealed a major effect on Bf levels due to FFAu, indicating that Intralipid elevated levels of FFAu and Bf. Indomethacin or ibuprofen reduced Bf levels, most likely by reducing FFAu levels through lipase inhibition. Because displacement of Bf by FFAu decouples Bf from TSB, phototherapy may not reduce the risk of bilirubin or FFAu toxicity in Intralipid-treated ELBW infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hegyi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, N.J., USA
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswald Quehenberger
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0601, USA
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