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Mutation in Smek2 regulating hepatic glucose metabolism causes hypersarcosinemia and hyperhomocysteinemia in rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3053. [PMID: 36810603 PMCID: PMC9944932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Suppressor of mek1 (Dictyostelium) homolog 2 (Smek2), was identified as one of the responsible genes for diet-induced hypercholesterolemia (DIHC) of exogenously hypercholesterolemic (ExHC) rats. A deletion mutation in Smek2 leads to DIHC via impaired glycolysis in the livers of ExHC rats. The intracellular role of Smek2 remains obscure. We used microarrays to investigate Smek2 functions with ExHC and ExHC.BN-Dihc2BN congenic rats that harbor a non-pathological Smek2 allele from Brown-Norway rats on an ExHC background. Microarray analysis revealed that Smek2 dysfunction leads to extremely low sarcosine dehydrogenase (Sardh) expression in the liver of ExHC rats. Sarcosine dehydrogenase demethylates sarcosine, a byproduct of homocysteine metabolism. The ExHC rats with dysfunctional Sardh developed hypersarcosinemia and homocysteinemia, a risk factor for atherosclerosis, with or without dietary cholesterol. The mRNA expression of Bhmt, a homocysteine metabolic enzyme and the hepatic content of betaine (trimethylglycine), a methyl donor for homocysteine methylation were low in ExHC rats. Results suggest that homocysteine metabolism rendered fragile by a shortage of betaine results in homocysteinemia, and that Smek2 dysfunction causes abnormalities in sarcosine and homocysteine metabolism.
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Effect of Linoleic Acid on Cholesterol Levels in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemia Rat Model. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010053. [PMID: 36676979 PMCID: PMC9864559 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, accounting for almost one-third of all deaths. The risk factors for developing this disease include high levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), alongside low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Dietary linoleic acid has been suggested to reduce these risk factors. This study aims to determine the effects of linoleic acid on cholesterol levels, liver function tests, and structural changes in liver tissue in comparison with fenofibrate in a hypercholesterolemic rat model. Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats (150-180 g) were divided into non-hypercholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic groups. Hypercholesterolemia was induced in the rats by feeding them with a high-fat diet for two weeks. After two weeks, the non-hypercholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic rats were equally divided into six groups (n = 6): control non-hypercholesterolemic rats, non-hypercholesterolemic rats treated with fenofibrate (60 mg/kg), non-hypercholesterolemic rats treated with linoleic acid (5 mg/kg), control hypercholesterolemic rats, hypercholesterolemic rats treated with fenofibrate (60 mg/kg), and hypercholesterolemic rats treated with linoleic acid (5 mg/kg). The changes in the rats' body weight, serum lipid profiles, atherogenic indices, and liver function test results were obtained. The rats' liver tissues were stained for histopathological analysis. The linoleic acid-treated hypercholesterolemic rats exhibited significantly reduced serum TC, TG, LDL, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels, as well as increased HDL levels compared with the control hypercholesterolemic rats. These linoleic acid effects were comparable to those in the fenofibrate-treated hypercholesterolemic rats. In conclusion, linoleic acid possesses early anti-hypercholesterolemic properties, which may be due to the reductions in serum cholesterol levels and mild early structural changes in the liver tissues of hypercholesterolemic rats. Therefore, continued studies on linoleic acid in atherosclerotic and/or obese animal models are suggested.
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Tanaka Y, Ono M, Miyago M, Suzuki T, Miyazaki Y, Kawano M, Asahina M, Shirouchi B, Imaizumi K, Sato M. Low utilization of glucose in the liver causes diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in exogenously hypercholesterolemic rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229669. [PMID: 32163433 PMCID: PMC7067558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenously hypercholesterolemic (ExHC) rats develop diet-induced hypercholesterolemia (DIHC) when fed with dietary cholesterol. Previously, we reported that, under the high-sucrose-diet-feeding condition, a loss-of-function mutation in Smek2 results in low activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) followed by the shortage of hepatic triacylglycerol content in ExHC rats and the onset of DIHC. However, the relationship between the Smek2 mutation and FAS dysfunction is still unclear. Here, we focused on carbohydrate metabolism, which provides substrates for FAS, and analyzed carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms in ExHC rats to clarify how the deficit of Smek2 causes DIHC. Male ExHC and SD rats were fed high-sucrose or high-starch diets containing 1% cholesterol for 2 weeks. Serum cholesterol levels of the ExHC rats were higher, regardless of the dietary carbohydrate. Hepatic triacylglycerol levels were higher in only the SD rats fed the high-sucrose diet. Moreover, the ExHC rats exhibited a diabetes-like status and accumulation of hepatic glycogen and low hepatic mRNA levels of liver-type phosphofructokinase (Pfkl), which encodes a rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis. These results suggest that the glucose utilization, particularly glycolysis, is impaired in the liver of ExHC rats. To evaluate how the diet with extremely low glucose affect to DIHC, ExHC.BN-Dihc2BN, a congenic strain that does not develop DIHC, and ExHC rats were fed a high-fructose diet containing 1% cholesterol for 2 weeks. The serum cholesterol and hepatic triacylglycerol levels were similar in the strains. Results of water-soluble metabolite analysis with primary hepatocytes, an increase in fructose-6-phosphate and decreases in succinate, malate and aspartate in ExHC rats, support impaired glycolysis in the ExHC rats. Thus, the Smek2 mutation causes abnormal hepatic glucose utilization via downregulation of Pfkl expression. This abnormal glucose metabolism disrupts hepatic fatty acid synthesis and causes DIHC in the ExHC rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutake Tanaka
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Motonori Miyago
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Suzuki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yurika Miyazaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Michio Kawano
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Asahina
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Bungo Shirouchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imaizumi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masao Sato
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Huangfu G, Wu Y, Zhang J. Anthocyanin extracts of lingonberry (
Vaccinium vitis‐idaea
L.) attenuate serum lipids and cholesterol metabolism in
HCD
‐induced hypercholesterolaemic male mice. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐cheng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy Wuhan City Central Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430014 China
| | - Gu‐yu Huangfu
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmacy Wuhan No.8 Hospital Wuhan 430010 China
| | - Jiu‐liang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Ministry of Education Wuhan 430070 China
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Varghese GK, Abraham R, Chandran NN, Habtemariam S. Identification of Lead Molecules in Garcinia mangostana L. Against Pancreatic Cholesterol Esterase Activity: An In Silico Approach. Interdiscip Sci 2017; 11:170-179. [PMID: 28741279 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-017-0252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Hence, inhibitors of cholesterol absorption have been investigated for decades as a strategy to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases associated with hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol esterase (CEase) in pancreatic juice plays a vital role in the hydrolysis of dietary cholesterol esters to cholesterol and fatty acids. Since inhibition of CEase might lead to a reduction of cholesterol absorption, an attempt is made in this study to identify lead molecules of Garcinia mangostana by the in silico approach. The study employed software applications viz., AutoDock 4.2 and GOLD Suite of Programs 5.2. The study revealed the efficacy of three compounds viz., epicatechin, euxanthone, and 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-xanthone, which exhibited least binding energy in AutoDock and moderate scoring in GOLD. The molecular properties as well as biological activity of these three compounds were predicted by molinspiration prediction tool. The results show the crucial role of polyphenolic compounds to limit the activity of CEase. The drug-likeness prediction revealed the prospects of the identified lead molecules as potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rini Abraham
- School of Environmental Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Nisha N Chandran
- Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Division, Saraswathy Thangavelu Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden & Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Medway School of Science, University of Greenwich, KENT, Medway, ME4 4TB, UK
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Fareez IM, Lim SM, Lim FT, Mishra RK, Ramasamy K. Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus
SP. Using Chitosan-Alginate-Xanthan Gum-β-Cyclodextrin and Characterization of its Cholesterol Reducing Potential and Resistance Against pH, Temperature and Storage. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ismail M. Fareez
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300 Malaysia
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 40450 Malaysia
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300 Malaysia
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 40450 Malaysia
| | - Fei Tieng Lim
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300 Malaysia
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 40450 Malaysia
| | - Rakesh K. Mishra
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300 Malaysia
- Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group; Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 40450 Malaysia
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Faculty of Pharmacy; University Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Bandar Puncak Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 42300 Malaysia
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group, Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM); Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan 40450 Malaysia
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Hypocholesterolemic effect of quercetin-rich onion peel extract in C57BL/6J mice fed with high cholesterol diet. Food Sci Biotechnol 2016; 25:855-860. [PMID: 30263345 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-016-0141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Onion peel (OP) extract is known as a rich source of flavonoids, mainly quercetin. We hypothesized that OP has hypocholesterolemic effects. To investigate the effect of OP, C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 dietary groups (n=10); normal diet (ND); high cholesterol diet (HC); and high cholesterol diet with 100 or 200 mg OP extract (OP-100 or OP-200, respectively) per kg of body weight. After 12 weeks, lower values of liver weight, serum total cholesterol levels, LDL cholesterol, atherogenic index, cardiac risk factor, hepatic triacylglycerol, and total cholesterol, and higher fecal cholesterol levels were observed in the OP-200 than in the HC group. The hepatic mRNA expression levels of low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDL-R) and cholesterol 7-alpha-monooxygenase (CYP7A1) were high in the OP-200 compared to the HC group. These observations suggest that OP promoted lowering of serum and hepatic cholesterol in mice primarily via fecal excretion.
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Effect of Prebiotic Galacto-Oligosaccharides on Serum Lipid Profile of Hypercholesterolemics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 8:19-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-016-9206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Jung MA, Lee SY, Han SH, Hong J, Na JR, Lee JY, Kim Y, Kim S. Hypocholesterolemic effects ofCurcuma longaL. withNelumbo nuciferaleaf in anin vitromodel and a high cholesterol diet-induced hypercholesterolemic mouse model. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014.992953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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10
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Hodúlová M, Šedová L, Křenová D, Liška F, Krupková M, Kazdová L, Tremblay J, Hamet P, Křen V, Šeda O. Genomic determinants of triglyceride and cholesterol distribution into lipoprotein fractions in the rat. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109983. [PMID: 25296178 PMCID: PMC4190321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma profile of major lipoprotein classes and its subdivision into particular fractions plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and is a major predictor of coronary artery disease. Our aim was to identify genomic determinants of triglyceride and cholesterol distribution into lipoprotein fractions and lipoprotein particle sizes in the recombinant inbred rat set PXO, in which alleles of two rat models of the metabolic syndrome (SHR and PD inbred strains) segregate together with those from Brown Norway rat strain. Adult male rats of 15 PXO strains (n = 8–13/strain) and two progenitor strains SHR-Lx (n = 13) and BXH2/Cub (n = 18) were subjected to one-week of high-sucrose diet feeding. We performed association analyses of triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (C) concentrations in 20 lipoprotein fractions and the size of major classes of lipoprotein particles utilizing 704 polymorphic microsatellite markers, the genome-wide significance was validated by 2,000 permutations per trait. Subsequent in silico focusing of the identified quantitative trait loci was completed using a map of over 20,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. In most of the phenotypes we identified substantial gradient among the strains (e.g. VLDL-TG from 5.6 to 66.7 mg/dl). We have identified 14 loci (encompassing 1 to 65 genes) on rat chromosomes 3, 4, 7, 8, 11 and 12 showing suggestive or significant association to one or more of the studied traits. PXO strains carrying the SHR allele displayed significantly higher values of the linked traits except for LDL-TG and adiposity index. Cholesterol concentrations in large, medium and very small LDL particles were significantly associated to a haplotype block spanning part of a single gene, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (Lrp1b). Using genome-wide association we have identified new genetic determinants of triglyceride and cholesterol distribution into lipoprotein fractions in the recombinant inbred panel of rat model strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miloslava Hodúlová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Šedová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Drahomíra Křenová
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Liška
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Krupková
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kazdová
- Department of Metabolism and Diabetes, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Johanne Tremblay
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technôpole Angus, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pavel Hamet
- Centre de recherche, Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) – Technôpole Angus, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vladimír Křen
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Šeda
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Teaching Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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11
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Kalashikam RR, Battula KK, Kirlampalli V, Friedman JM, Nappanveettil G. Obese locus in WNIN/obese rat maps on chromosome 5 upstream of leptin receptor. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77679. [PMID: 24204914 PMCID: PMC3804619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
WNIN/Obese (WNIN/Ob) rat a new mutant model of metabolic syndrome was identified in 1996 from an inbred Wistar rat strain, WNIN. So far several papers are published on this model highlighting its physical, biochemical and metabolic traits. WNIN/Ob is leptin resistant with unaltered leptin or its receptor coding sequences - the two well-known candidate genes for obesity. Genotyping analysis of F2 progeny (raised from WNIN/Ob × Fisher - 344) in the present study localized the mutation to a recombinant region of 14.15cM on chromosome 5. This was further corroborated by QTL analysis for body weight, which narrowed this region to 4.43 cM with flanking markers D5Rat256 & D5Wox37. Interval mapping of body weight QTL shows that the LOD score peak maps upstream of leptin receptor and shows an additive effect suggesting this as a novel mutation and signifying the model as a valuable resource for studies on obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajender Rao Kalashikam
- Molecular Genetics, National Centre for Laboratory Animal Science (NCLAS), National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Battula
- Molecular Genetics, National Centre for Laboratory Animal Science (NCLAS), National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India
| | - Veerababu Kirlampalli
- Molecular Genetics, National Centre for Laboratory Animal Science (NCLAS), National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India
| | - Jeffrey M. Friedman
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JMF); (GN)
| | - Giridharan Nappanveettil
- Molecular Genetics, National Centre for Laboratory Animal Science (NCLAS), National Institute of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail: (JMF); (GN)
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12
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Onabanjo OO, Sanni SA, Afolabi WAO, Oyawoye OO, Obanla OO. Lipid composition of some commonly consumed traditional Nigerian dishes. J Hum Nutr Diet 2013; 27:367-76. [PMID: 24112075 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipids in the diet have been associated with the rising prevalence of many chronic diseases. The present study aimed to provide information on total lipid, free fatty acids, triacylglycerol and cholesterol contents of some dishes consumed in northern, southern, western parts of Nigeria, as well as dishes generally consumed in all parts of Nigeria. This would result in a resource that would be used by nutritionists and dietitians in meal planning. METHODS The present study is analytical in nature. The composite dishes included a blend of cereals, roots and tubers, legumes, fat and oil and vegetables and were analysed for total lipid, free fatty acids, triacylglycerol and cholesterol contents spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Burabisko (a millet based dish) had the lowest free fatty acid (0.1 mg per 100 g) and cholesterol (1. 9 mg per 100 g) contents, yam with eggs (7.1 mg per 100 g) and miyan-kuka with semovita (415.9 mg per 100 g) contained the highest amounts of free fatty acid and cholesterol, respectively. The total lipid and triacylglycerol content were lowest in gbegiri with eko (2.6 g per 100 g) and 3.1 mg per 100 g respectively. Stewed beans with fried plantain, however, had the highest total lipid (86.5 g per 100 g) content and yam with eggs had the highest triacylglycerol (122.5 mg per 100 g) contents. The moisture content of the dishes ranged between 59.68 and 81.73% in melon seed with vegetable soup and burabisko, respectively. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we have provided the lipid profile of standardised traditional dishes consumed in Nigeria. These dishes contribute a significant proportion of lipids to the diet of Nigerians, which are essential for assessing the nutrient intake of Nigerians.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Onabanjo
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Food Science and Human Ecology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Chijimatsu T, Tatsuguchi I, Oda H, Mochizuki S. A Freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) extract reduces cholesterol level and hepatic lipids in normal rats and xenobiotics-induced hypercholesterolemic rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:3108-3112. [PMID: 19275237 DOI: 10.1021/jf803308h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether a freshwater clam (Corbicula fluminea) extract (FCE) could improve cholesterol metabolism and hepatic lipids accumulation in rats fed xenobiotics such as chloretone. Feeding chloretone resulted in hypercholesterolemia and fatty liver. An increase in serum cholesterol, high density lipoproteins (HDL) in particular, after intake of chloretone was observed. Serum cholesterol was decreased by supplementation with FCE. Accumulation of the hepatic lipids including triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and phospholipid was significantly suppressed by supplementation with FCE. The excretion of neutral and acidic sterols into the feces was enhanced by FCE. The hepatic gene expression of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase was enhanced in rats fed a FCE-containing diet. Apolipoprotein A-I gene expression in the liver, which is a major apolipoprotein of HDL, was suppressed by FCE. These results demonstrated that FCE reduced cholesterol level and hepatic lipids in normal rats and hypercholesterolemic rats fed chloretone.
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14
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Asahina M, Haruyama W, Ichida Y, Sakamoto M, Sato M, Imaizumi K. Identification of SMEK2 as a candidate gene for regulation of responsiveness to dietary cholesterol in rats. J Lipid Res 2009; 50:41-6. [DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m800135-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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15
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Mashimo T, Ogawa H, Cui ZH, Harada Y, Kawakami K, Masuda J, Yamori Y, Nabika T. Comprehensive QTL analysis of serum cholesterol levels before and after a high-cholesterol diet in SHRSP. Physiol Genomics 2007; 30:95-101. [PMID: 17356015 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00211.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP) showed an exaggerated response to a high-fat, high-cholesterol (HFC) diet, and the resulting reactive hypercholesterolemia was suggested to exacerbate the atherogenic process in this rat. We thus performed a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on the serum cholesterol level of SHRSP before and after the HFC diet, with the final goal being the identification of the genetic mechanisms of its reactive hypercholesterolemia. Three hundred fifty-eight F2 rats between SHRSP and Wistar-Kyoto rat were employed in the study. The serum cholesterol and apoprotein E were measured before and after 2 wk of feeding with the HFC diet. Multiple QTLs for the basal cholesterol level were identified on chromosomes 1 and 5, whereas those for the postdietary cholesterol level were on chromosomes 7, 15, and 16. The cholesterol QTLs before and after HFC diet did not overlap with one another, implying that the involved metabolic processes were considerably different between the two conditions. Supporting this, VLDL and LDL cholesterol were the major components of the postdietary serum cholesterol, whereas the basal cholesterol level consisted mainly of HDL cholesterol. A substantial difference of the QTLs between males and females was observed, especially after the HFC diet. The QTL on chromosome 15 had an inverse effect on the cholesterol level, suggesting that the congenic substitution of the SHRSP fragment with that of Wistar-Kyoto rats could induce a greater cholesterol level in SHRSP. This observation is significant in establishing a new model for atherosclerosis with hypertension in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoji Mashimo
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Levine S, Saltzman A. A procedure for inducing sustained hyperlipemia in rats by administration of a surfactant. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2007; 55:224-6. [PMID: 16839786 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2006.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 05/23/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tyloxapol (Triton WR 1339) is a non-ionic detergent that inhibits lipoprotein lipase and thereby raises levels of serum lipids. It is used frequently for acute studies on lipids in rats but not for subacute or chronic studies. In the present work, we found that tyloxapol must be injected intravenously three times each week in order to have high and sustained levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides for 1, 2, or 3 weeks. These results make it possible to extend the use of tyloxapol into chronic studies of hyperlipemia and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seymour Levine
- Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, 140 Old Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA.
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