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Erazo-Oliveras A, Muñoz-Vega M, Salinas ML, Wang X, Chapkin RS. Dysregulation of cellular membrane homeostasis as a crucial modulator of cancer risk. FEBS J 2024; 291:1299-1352. [PMID: 36282100 PMCID: PMC10126207 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membranes serve as an epicentre combining extracellular and cytosolic components with membranous effectors, which together support numerous fundamental cellular signalling pathways that mediate biological responses. To execute their functions, membrane proteins, lipids and carbohydrates arrange, in a highly coordinated manner, into well-defined assemblies displaying diverse biological and biophysical characteristics that modulate several signalling events. The loss of membrane homeostasis can trigger oncogenic signalling. More recently, it has been documented that select membrane active dietaries (MADs) can reshape biological membranes and subsequently decrease cancer risk. In this review, we emphasize the significance of membrane domain structure, organization and their signalling functionalities as well as how loss of membrane homeostasis can steer aberrant signalling. Moreover, we describe in detail the complexities associated with the examination of these membrane domains and their association with cancer. Finally, we summarize the current literature on MADs and their effects on cellular membranes, including various mechanisms of dietary chemoprevention/interception and the functional links between nutritional bioactives, membrane homeostasis and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Erazo-Oliveras
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Vega
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Michael L. Salinas
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
| | - Robert S. Chapkin
- Program in Integrative Nutrition and Complex Diseases; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Department of Nutrition; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
- Center for Environmental Health Research; Texas A&M University; College Station, Texas, 77843; USA
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2
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Müller GA, Müller TD. Transfer of membrane(s) matter(s)-non-genetic inheritance of (metabolic) phenotypes? Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1347397. [PMID: 38516184 PMCID: PMC10955475 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1347397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are anchored at the outer phospholipid layer of eukaryotic plasma membranes exclusively by a glycolipid. GPI-APs are not only released into extracellular compartments by lipolytic cleavage. In addition, certain GPI-APs with the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor including their fatty acids remaining coupled to the carboxy-terminus of their protein components are also detectable in body fluids, in response to certain stimuli, such as oxidative stress, radicals or high-fat diet. As a consequence, the fatty acid moieties of GPI-APs must be shielded from access of the aqueous environment by incorporation into membranes of extracellular vesicles or into micelle-like complexes together with (lyso)phospholipids and cholesterol. The GPI-APs released from somatic cells and tissues are transferred via those complexes or EVs to somatic as well as pluripotent stem cells with metabolic consequences, such as upregulation of glycogen and lipid synthesis. From these and additional findings, the following hypotheses are developed: i) Transfer of GPI-APs via EVs or micelle-like complexes leads to the induction of new phenotypes in the daughter cells or zygotes, which are presumably not restricted to metabolism. ii) The membrane topographies transferred by the concerted action of GPI-APs and interacting components are replicated by self-organization and self-templation and remain accessible to structural changes by environmental factors. iii) Transfer from mother cells and gametes to their daughter cells and zygotes, respectively, is not restricted to DNA and genes, but also encompasses non-genetic matter, such as GPI-APs and specific membrane constituents. iv) The intergenerational transfer of membrane matter between mammalian organisms is understood as an epigenetic mechanism for phenotypic plasticity, which does not rely on modifications of DNA and histones, but is regarded as molecular mechanism for the inheritance of acquired traits, such as complex metabolic diseases. v) The missing interest in research of non-genetic matter of inheritance, which may be interpreted in the sense of Darwin's "Gemmules" or Galton's "Stirps", should be addressed in future investigations of the philosophy of science and sociology of media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter A. Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleissheim, Germany
- Department of Media Studies, Media, Culture and Society, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Timo D. Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Oberschleissheim, Germany
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3
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Li C, Quintana Perez Y, Lamaze C, Blouin CM. Lipid nanodomains and receptor signaling: From actin-based organization to membrane mechanics. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102308. [PMID: 38168583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The plasma membrane serves as the primary barrier between the cell's interior and its external surroundings, which places it at the forefront of intercellular communication, receptor signal transduction and the integration of mechanical forces from outside. Most of these signals are largely dependent on the plasma membrane heterogeneity which relies on lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions and the lateral nano-distribution of lipids organized by the dynamic network of cortical actin. In this review, we undertake an in-depth exploration of recent discoveries, which contribute significantly to the evolution from raft model to lipid nanodomains. Specifically, we will focus on their role in membrane receptor-mediated signaling in the context of cell membrane mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changting Li
- Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1143, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, Paris, France
| | - Yazmina Quintana Perez
- Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1143, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Lamaze
- Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1143, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, Paris, France
| | - Cedric M Blouin
- Institut Curie - Centre de Recherche, PSL Research University, Membrane Mechanics and Dynamics of Intracellular Signaling Laboratory, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1143, Paris, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3666, Paris, France.
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4
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Reitzner SM, Emanuelsson EB, Arif M, Kaczkowski B, Kwon AT, Mardinoglu A, Arner E, Chapman MA, Sundberg CJ. Molecular profiling of high-level athlete skeletal muscle after acute endurance or resistance exercise - A systems biology approach. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101857. [PMID: 38141850 PMCID: PMC10805945 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term high-level exercise training leads to improvements in physical performance and multi-tissue adaptation following changes in molecular pathways. While skeletal muscle baseline differences between exercise-trained and untrained individuals have been previously investigated, it remains unclear how training history influences human multi-omics responses to acute exercise. METHODS We recruited and extensively characterized 24 individuals categorized as endurance athletes with >15 years of training history, strength athletes or control subjects. Timeseries skeletal muscle biopsies were taken from M. vastus lateralis at three time-points after endurance or resistance exercise was performed and multi-omics molecular analysis performed. RESULTS Our analyses revealed distinct activation differences of molecular processes such as fatty- and amino acid metabolism and transcription factors such as HIF1A and the MYF-family. We show that endurance athletes have an increased abundance of carnitine-derivates while strength athletes increase specific phospholipid metabolites compared to control subjects. Additionally, for the first time, we show the metabolite sorbitol to be substantially increased with acute exercise. On transcriptional level, we show that acute resistance exercise stimulates more gene expression than acute endurance exercise. This follows a specific pattern, with endurance athletes uniquely down-regulating pathways related to mitochondria, translation and ribosomes. Finally, both forms of exercise training specialize in diverging transcriptional directions, differentiating themselves from the transcriptome of the untrained control group. CONCLUSIONS We identify a "transcriptional specialization effect" by transcriptional narrowing and intensification, and molecular specialization effects on metabolomic level Additionally, we performed multi-omics network and cluster analysis, providing a novel resource of skeletal muscle transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling in highly trained and untrained individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan M Reitzner
- Department Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Eric B Emanuelsson
- Department Physiology & Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bogumil Kaczkowski
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama, 1 Chome-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Andrew Tj Kwon
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama, 1 Chome-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Arner
- Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN Yokohama, 1 Chome-7-22 Suehirocho, Tsurumi Ward, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1 Chome-3-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
| | - Mark A Chapman
- Department Physiology & Pharmacology, Department Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Integrated Engineering, University of San Diego, 5998 Alcalà Park, San Diego, CA 92110, USA
| | - Carl Johan Sundberg
- Department Physiology & Pharmacology, Department Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 9, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65 Solna, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
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5
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Lv X, Jin K, Yi Y, Song L, Xiu X, Liu Y, Li J, Du G, Chen J, Liu L. Analysis of acid-tolerance mechanism based on membrane microdomains in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:180. [PMID: 37700284 PMCID: PMC10498586 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used in the biosynthesis of acid products such as organic acids owing to its acid tolerance. Improving the acid tolerance of S. cerevisiae is beneficial for expanding its application range. Our previous study isolated the TAMC strain that was tolerant to a pH 2.3 through adaptive laboratory evolution; however, its mechanism underlying tolerance to low pH environment remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, through visual observation and order analysis of plasma membrane and membrane microdomains, we revealed that the membrane microdomains of TAMC strain play an indispensable role in acid tolerance. Transcriptomic analysis showed an increase in the expression of genes related to key components of membrane microdomains in TAMC strain. Furthermore, an obvious reduction was observed in the acid tolerance of the strain with sterol C-24 methyltransferase encoding gene ERG6 knockout for inhibiting membrane microdomain formation. Finally, colocalization analysis of H+-ATPase PMA1 and plasma membrane protein PMP1 showed that disruption of membrane microdomains could inhibit the formation of the H+-ATPase complex. CONCLUSIONS Membrane microdomains could provide a platform for forming H+-ATPase complexes to facilitate intracellular H+ homeostasis, and thereby improve cell acid resistance. This study proposed a novel acid tolerance mechanism, providing a new direction for the rational engineering of acid-tolerant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Yixing Institute of Food Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, China
| | - Ke Jin
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Yixing Institute of Food Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, China
| | - Yu Yi
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lingang Song
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiang Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Guocheng Du
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
- Yixing Institute of Food Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, China
| | - Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Science Center for Future Foods, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Yixing Institute of Food Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yixing, 214200, China.
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
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Chiang YP, Li Z, He M, Jones Q, Pan M, Han X, Jiang XC. Sphingomyelin synthase-related protein SMSr is a phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase C that promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105162. [PMID: 37586586 PMCID: PMC10494463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingomyelin synthase (SMS)-related protein (SMSr) is a phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase C (PE-PLC) that is conserved and ubiquitous in mammals. However, its biological function is still not clear. We previously observed that SMS1 deficiency-mediated glucosylceramide accumulation caused nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD), including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis. Here, first, we evaluated high-fat diet/fructose-induced NAFLD in Smsr KO and WT mice. Second, we evaluated whether SMSr deficiency can reverse SMS1 deficiency-mediated NAFLD, using Sms1/Sms2 double and Sms1/Sms2/Smsr triple KO mice. We found that SMSr/PE-PLC deficiency attenuated high-fat diet/fructose-induced fatty liver and NASH, and attenuated glucosylceramide accumulation-induced NASH, fibrosis, and tumor formation. Further, we found that SMSr/PE-PLC deficiency reduced the expression of many inflammatory cytokines and fibrosis-related factors, and PE supplementation in vitro or in vivo mimicked the condition of SMSr/PE-PLC deficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SMSr/PE-PLC deficiency or PE supplementation effectively prevented membrane-bound β-catenin transfer to the nucleus, thereby preventing tumor-related gene expression. Finally, we observed that patients with NASH had higher SMSr protein levels in the liver, lower plasma PE levels, and lower plasma PE/phosphatidylcholine ratios, and that human plasma PE levels are negatively associated with tumor necrosis factor-α and transforming growth factor β1 levels. In conclusion, SMSr/PE-PLC deficiency causes PE accumulation, which can attenuate fatty liver, NASH, and fibrosis. These results suggest that SMSr/PE-PLC inhibition therapy may mitigate NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeun-Po Chiang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mulin He
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Quiana Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Meixia Pan
- Lipidomics Core, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Lipidomics Core, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA; Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York, USA.
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Abudurexiti M, Zhao Y, Wang X, Han L, Liu T, Wang C, Yuan Z. Bio-Inspired Nanocarriers Derived from Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2011. [PMID: 37514197 PMCID: PMC10386614 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15072011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With their seemingly limitless capacity for self-improvement, stem cells have a wide range of potential uses in the medical field. Stem-cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), as paracrine components of stem cells, are natural nanoscale particles that transport a variety of biological molecules and facilitate cell-to-cell communication which have been also widely used for targeted drug delivery. These nanocarriers exhibit inherent advantages, such as strong cell or tissue targeting and low immunogenicity, which synthetic nanocarriers lack. However, despite the tremendous therapeutic potential of stem cells and EVs, their further clinical application is still limited by low yield and a lack of standardized isolation and purification protocols. In recent years, inspired by the concept of biomimetics, a new approach to biomimetic nanocarriers for drug delivery has been developed through combining nanotechnology and bioengineering. This article reviews the application of biomimetic nanocarriers derived from stem cells and their EVs in targeted drug delivery and discusses their advantages and challenges in order to stimulate future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munire Abudurexiti
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chendu 610041, China; (M.A.); (X.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Tianfu New Area People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610213, China;
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chendu 610041, China; (M.A.); (X.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Lu Han
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chendu 610041, China; (M.A.); (X.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead 2145, Australia;
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chendu 610041, China; (M.A.); (X.W.); (L.H.)
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8
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Tutanov OS, Glass SE, Coffey RJ. Emerging connections between GPI-anchored proteins and their extracellular carriers in colorectal cancer. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 4:195-217. [PMID: 37840781 PMCID: PMC10569057 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Although extracellular vesicles (EVs) were discovered over 40 years ago, there has been a resurgence of interest in secreted vesicles and their attendant cargo as novel modes of intracellular communication. In addition to vesicles, two amembranous nanoparticles, exomeres and supermeres, have been isolated and characterized recently. In this rapidly expanding field, it has been challenging to assign cargo and specific functions to a particular carrier. Refinement of isolation methods, well-controlled studies, and guidelines detailed by Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) are being employed to "bring order to chaos." In this review, we will briefly summarize three types of extracellular carriers - small EVs (sEVs), exomeres, and supermeres - in the context of colorectal cancer (CRC). We found that a number of GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are overexpressed in CRC, are enriched in exosomes (a distinct subset of sEVs), and can be detected in exomeres and supermeres. This affords the opportunity to elaborate on GPI-AP biogenesis, modifications, and trafficking using DPEP1, a GPI-AP upregulated in CRC, as a prime example. We have cataloged the GPI-anchored proteins secreted in CRC and will highlight features of select CRC-associated GPI-anchored proteins we have detected. Finally, we will discuss the remaining challenges and future opportunities in studying these secreted GPI-APs in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg S. Tutanov
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Sarah E. Glass
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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9
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Müller GA, Müller TD. (Patho)Physiology of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Proteins I: Localization at Plasma Membranes and Extracellular Compartments. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050855. [PMID: 37238725 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (APs) are anchored at the outer leaflet of plasma membranes (PMs) of all eukaryotic organisms studied so far by covalent linkage to a highly conserved glycolipid rather than a transmembrane domain. Since their first description, experimental data have been accumulating for the capability of GPI-APs to be released from PMs into the surrounding milieu. It became evident that this release results in distinct arrangements of GPI-APs which are compatible with the aqueous milieu upon loss of their GPI anchor by (proteolytic or lipolytic) cleavage or in the course of shielding of the full-length GPI anchor by incorporation into extracellular vesicles, lipoprotein-like particles and (lyso)phospholipid- and cholesterol-harboring micelle-like complexes or by association with GPI-binding proteins or/and other full-length GPI-APs. In mammalian organisms, the (patho)physiological roles of the released GPI-APs in the extracellular environment, such as blood and tissue cells, depend on the molecular mechanisms of their release as well as the cell types and tissues involved, and are controlled by their removal from circulation. This is accomplished by endocytic uptake by liver cells and/or degradation by GPI-specific phospholipase D in order to bypass potential unwanted effects of the released GPI-APs or their transfer from the releasing donor to acceptor cells (which will be reviewed in a forthcoming manuscript).
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter A Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity (IDO), Helmholtz Diabetes Center (HDC) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany
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10
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Nicolson GL, Ferreira de Mattos G. The Fluid-Mosaic model of cell membranes: A brief introduction, historical features, some general principles, and its adaptation to current information. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184135. [PMID: 36746313 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Fluid-Mosaic Membrane (FMM) model was originally proposed as a general, nanometer-scale representation of cell membranes (Singer and Nicolson, 1972). The FMM model was based on some general principles, such as thermodynamic considerations, intercalation of globular proteins into a lipid bilayer, independent protein and lipid dynamics, cooperativity and other characteristics. Other models had trimolecular structures or membrane globular lipoprotein units. These latter models were flawed, because they did not allow autonomous lipids, membrane domains or discrete lateral dynamics. The FMM model was also consistent with membrane asymmetry, cis- and trans-membrane linkages and associations of membrane components into multi-molecular complexes and domains. It has remained useful for explaining the basic organizational principles and properties of various biological membranes. New information has been added, such as membrane-associated cytoskeletal assemblies, extracellular matrix interactions, transmembrane controls, specialized lipid-protein domains that differ in compositions, rotational and lateral mobilities, lifetimes, functions, and other characteristics. The presence of dense, structured membrane domains has reduced significantly the extent of fluid-lipid membrane areas, and the FMM model is now considered to be more mosaic and dense than the original proposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA.
| | - Gonzalo Ferreira de Mattos
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Department of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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11
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Van Etten J, Cho CH, Yoon HS, Bhattacharya D. Extremophilic red algae as models for understanding adaptation to hostile environments and the evolution of eukaryotic life on the early earth. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 134:4-13. [PMID: 35339358 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Extremophiles have always garnered great interest because of their exotic lifestyles and ability to thrive at the physical limits of life. In hot springs environments, the Cyanidiophyceae red algae are the only photosynthetic eukaryotes able to live under extremely low pH (0-5) and relatively high temperature (35ºC to 63ºC). These extremophiles live as biofilms in the springs, inhabit acid soils near the hot springs, and form endolithic populations in the surrounding rocks. Cyanidiophyceae represent a remarkable source of knowledge about the evolution of extremophilic lifestyles and their genomes encode specialized enzymes that have applied uses. Here we review the evolutionary origin, taxonomy, genome biology, industrial applications, and use of Cyanidiophyceae as genetic models. Currently, Cyanidiophyceae comprise a single order (Cyanidiales), three families, four genera, and nine species, including the well-known Cyanidioschyzon merolae and Galdieria sulphuraria. These algae have small, gene-rich genomes that are analogous to those of prokaryotes they live and compete with. There are few spliceosomal introns and evidence exists for horizontal gene transfer as a driver of local adaptation to gain access to external fixed carbon and to extrude toxic metals. Cyanidiophyceae offer a variety of commercial opportunities such as phytoremediation to detoxify contaminated soils or waters and exploitation of their mixotrophic lifestyles to support the efficient production of bioproducts such as phycocyanin and floridosides. In terms of exobiology, Cyanidiophyceae are an ideal model system for understanding the evolutionary effects of foreign gene acquisition and the interactions between different organisms inhabiting the same harsh environment on the early Earth. Finally, we describe ongoing research with C. merolae genetics and summarize the unique insights they offer to the understanding of algal biology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Van Etten
- Graduate Program in Ecology and Evolution, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
| | - Chung Hyun Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Hwan Su Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
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12
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Echeverri D, Orozco J. Glycan-Based Electrochemical Biosensors: Promising Tools for the Detection of Infectious Diseases and Cancer Biomarkers. Molecules 2022; 27:8533. [PMID: 36500624 PMCID: PMC9736010 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycan-based electrochemical biosensors are emerging as analytical tools for determining multiple molecular targets relevant to diagnosing infectious diseases and detecting cancer biomarkers. These biosensors allow for the detection of target analytes at ultra-low concentrations, which is mandatory for early disease diagnosis. Nanostructure-decorated platforms have been demonstrated to enhance the analytical performance of electrochemical biosensors. In addition, glycans anchored to electrode platforms as bioreceptors exhibit high specificity toward biomarker detection. Both attributes offer a synergy that allows ultrasensitive detection of molecular targets of clinical interest. In this context, we review recent advances in electrochemical glycobiosensors for detecting infectious diseases and cancer biomarkers focused on colorectal cancer. We also describe general aspects of structural glycobiology, definitions, and classification of electrochemical biosensors and discuss relevant works on electrochemical glycobiosensors in the last ten years. Finally, we summarize the advances in electrochemical glycobiosensors and comment on some challenges and limitations needed to advance toward real clinical applications of these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Exact Sciences, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N°52–20, Medellin 050010, Colombia
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13
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Etheridge RD. Protozoan phagotrophy from predators to parasites: An overview of the enigmatic cytostome-cytopharynx complex of Trypanosoma cruzi. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2022; 69:e12896. [PMID: 35175673 PMCID: PMC11110969 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eating is fundamental and from this basic principle, living organisms have evolved innumerable strategies to capture energy and nutrients from their environment. As part of the world's aquatic ecosystems, the expansive family of heterotrophic protozoans uses self-generated currents to funnel prokaryotic prey into an ancient, yet highly enigmatic, oral apparatus known as the cytostome-cytopharynx complex prior to digestion. Despite its near ubiquitous presence in protozoans, little is known mechanistically about how this feeding organelle functions. Intriguingly, one class of these flagellated phagotrophic predators known as the kinetoplastids gave rise to a lineage of obligate parasitic protozoa, the trypanosomatids, that can infect a wide variety of organisms ranging from plants to humans. One parasitic species of humans, Trypanosoma cruzi, has retained this ancestral organelle much like its free-living relatives and continues to use it as its primary mode of endocytosis. In this review, we will highlight foundational observations made regarding the cytostome-cytopharynx complex and examine some of the most pressing questions regarding the mechanistic basis for its function. We propose that T. cruzi has the potential to serve as an excellent model system to dissect the enigmatic process of protozoal phagotrophy and thus enhance our overall understanding of fundamental eukaryotic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Drew Etheridge
- Department of Cellular Biology, Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases (CTEGD), University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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14
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. The Importance of the Plasma Membrane in Atherogenesis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1036. [PMID: 36363591 PMCID: PMC9698587 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases are an important medical problem due to their high prevalence, impact on quality of life and prognosis. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is an urgent medical and social problem, the solution of which may improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment of patients. Atherosclerosis is a complex chain of events, which proceeds over many years and in which many cells in the bloodstream and the vascular wall are involved. A growing body of evidence suggests that there are complex, closely linked molecular mechanisms that occur in the plasma membranes of cells involved in atherogenesis. Lipid transport, innate immune system receptor function, and hemodynamic regulation are linked to plasma membranes and their biophysical properties. A better understanding of these interrelationships will improve diagnostic quality and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacy Management and Economics, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
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15
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Zhang W, Huang X. Stem cell membrane-camouflaged targeted delivery system in tumor. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100377. [PMID: 35967738 PMCID: PMC9364095 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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16
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Active emulsions in living cell membranes driven by contractile stresses and transbilayer coupling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123056119. [PMID: 35867835 PMCID: PMC9335261 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123056119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal organization of proteins and lipids on the cell surface has direct functional consequences for signaling, sorting, and endocytosis. Earlier studies have shown that multiple types of membrane proteins, including transmembrane proteins that have cytoplasmic actin binding capacity and lipid-tethered glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), form nanoscale clusters driven by active contractile flows generated by the actin cortex. To gain insight into the role of lipids in organizing membrane domains in living cells, we study the molecular interactions that promote the actively generated nanoclusters of GPI-APs and transmembrane proteins. This motivates a theoretical description, wherein a combination of active contractile stresses and transbilayer coupling drives the creation of active emulsions, mesoscale liquid order (lo) domains of the GPI-APs and lipids, at temperatures greater than equilibrium lipid phase segregation. To test these ideas, we use spatial imaging of molecular clustering combined with local membrane order, and we demonstrate that mesoscopic domains enriched in nanoclusters of GPI-APs are maintained by cortical actin activity and transbilayer interactions and exhibit significant lipid order, consistent with predictions of the active composite model.
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17
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Fifty Years of the Fluid–Mosaic Model of Biomembrane Structure and Organization and Its Importance in Biomedicine with Particular Emphasis on Membrane Lipid Replacement. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071711. [PMID: 35885016 PMCID: PMC9313417 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fluid–Mosaic Model has been the accepted general or basic model for biomembrane structure and organization for the last 50 years. In order to establish a basic model for biomembranes, some general principles had to be established, such as thermodynamic assumptions, various molecular interactions, component dynamics, macromolecular organization and other features. Previous researchers placed most membrane proteins on the exterior and interior surfaces of lipid bilayers to form trimolecular structures or as lipoprotein units arranged as modular sheets. Such membrane models were structurally and thermodynamically unsound and did not allow independent lipid and protein lateral movements. The Fluid–Mosaic Membrane Model was the only model that accounted for these and other characteristics, such as membrane asymmetry, variable lateral movements of membrane components, cis- and transmembrane linkages and dynamic associations of membrane components into multimolecular complexes. The original version of the Fluid–Mosaic Membrane Model was never proposed as the ultimate molecular description of all biomembranes, but it did provide a basic framework for nanometer-scale biomembrane organization and dynamics. Because this model was based on available 1960s-era data, it could not explain all of the properties of various biomembranes discovered in subsequent years. However, the fundamental organizational and dynamic aspects of this model remain relevant to this day. After the first generation of this model was published, additional data on various structures associated with membranes were included, resulting in the addition of membrane-associated cytoskeletal, extracellular matrix and other structures, specialized lipid–lipid and lipid–protein domains, and other configurations that can affect membrane dynamics. The presence of such specialized membrane domains has significantly reduced the extent of the fluid lipid membrane matrix as first proposed, and biomembranes are now considered to be less fluid and more mosaic with some fluid areas, rather than a fluid matrix with predominantly mobile components. However, the fluid–lipid matrix regions remain very important in biomembranes, especially those involved in the binding and release of membrane lipid vesicles and the uptake of various nutrients. Membrane phospholipids can associate spontaneously to form lipid structures and vesicles that can fuse with various cellular membranes to transport lipids and other nutrients into cells and organelles and expel damaged lipids and toxic hydrophobic molecules from cells and tissues. This process and the clinical use of membrane phospholipid supplements has important implications for chronic illnesses and the support of healthy mitochondria, plasma membranes and other cellular membrane structures.
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18
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Du L, Sohr A, Li Y, Roy S. GPI-anchored FGF directs cytoneme-mediated bidirectional contacts to regulate its tissue-specific dispersion. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3482. [PMID: 35710780 PMCID: PMC9203819 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
How signaling proteins generate a multitude of information to organize tissue patterns is critical to understanding morphogenesis. In Drosophila, FGF produced in wing-disc cells regulates the development of the disc-associated air-sac-primordium (ASP). Here, we show that FGF is Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored to the producing cell surface and that this modification both inhibits free FGF secretion and promotes target-specific cytoneme contacts and contact-dependent FGF release. FGF-source and ASP cells extend cytonemes that present FGF and FGFR on their surfaces and reciprocally recognize each other over distance by contacting through cell-adhesion-molecule (CAM)-like FGF-FGFR binding. Contact-mediated FGF-FGFR interactions induce bidirectional responses in ASP and source cells that, in turn, polarize FGF-sending and FGF-receiving cytonemes toward each other to reinforce signaling contacts. Subsequent un-anchoring of FGFR-bound-FGF from the source membrane dissociates cytoneme contacts and delivers FGF target-specifically to ASP cytonemes for paracrine functions. Thus, GPI-anchored FGF organizes both source and recipient cells and self-regulates its cytoneme-mediated tissue-specific dispersion. Cytonemes are signaling filopodia that mediate target-specific long-distance communications of signals like FGFs. Du et al. show that a Drosophila FGF is anchored to the FGF-producing cell surface, inhibiting free FGF secretion and activating contact-dependent bidirectional FGF-FGFR interactions, controlling target-specific cytoneme contacts and contact-dependent FGF release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Du
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Alex Sohr
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.,Division of Cell and Gene Therapy, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Sougata Roy
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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19
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Imran M, Akhileshwar Jha L, Hasan N, Shrestha J, Pangeni R, Parvez N, Mohammed Y, Kumar Jha S, Raj Paudel K. “Nanodecoys”- Future of drug delivery by encapsulating nanoparticles in natural cell membranes. Int J Pharm 2022; 621:121790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Genome-Wide Study of Conidiation-Related Genes in the Aphid-Obligate Fungal Pathogen Conidiobolus obscurus (Entomophthoromycotina). J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8040389. [PMID: 35448620 PMCID: PMC9026835 DOI: 10.3390/jof8040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungi in the Entomophthorales order can cause insect disease and epizootics in nature, contributing to biological pest control in agriculture and forestry. Most Entomophthorales have narrow host ranges, limited to the arthropod family level; however, rare genomic information about host-specific fungi has been reported. Conidiation is crucial for entomopathogenic fungi to explore insect resources owing to the important roles of conidia in the infection cycle, such as dispersal, adhesion, germination, and penetration into the host hemocoel. In this study, we analyzed the whole genome sequence of the aphid-obligate pathogen Conidiobolus obscurus strain ARSEF 7217 (Entomophthoromycotina), using Nanopore technology from Biomarker Technologies (Beijing, China). The genome size was 37.6 Mb, and encoded 10,262 predicted genes, wherein 21.3% genes were putatively associated to the pathogen–host interaction. In particular, the serine protease repertoire in C. obscurus exhibited expansions in the trypsin and subtilisin classes, which play vital roles in the fungus’ pathogenicity. Differentially expressed transcriptomic patterns were analyzed in three conidiation stages (pre-conidiation, emerging conidiation, and post-conidiation), and 2915 differentially expressed genes were found to be associated with the conidiation process. Furthermore, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that 772 hub genes in conidiation are mainly involved in insect cuticular component degradation, cell wall/membrane biosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathway, and transcription regulation. Our findings of the genomic and transcriptomic features of C. obscurus help reveal the molecular mechanism of the Entomophthorales pathogenicity, which will contribute to improving fungal applications in pest control.
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21
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Wnętrzak A, Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Stępniak A, Kobierski J, Dynarowicz-Latka P. Different effects of oxysterols on a model lipid raft - Langmuir monolayer study complemented with theoretical calculations. Chem Phys Lipids 2022; 244:105182. [PMID: 35182569 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2022.105182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three oxysterols (7β-hydroxycholesterol; 7β-OH, 7-ketocholesterol; 7-K and 25-hydroxycholesterol, 25-OH) differing in the site of oxidation (ring system versus chain) and kind of polar group (hydroxyl versus carbonyl) were studied in lipid raft environment using the Langmuir monolayer technique complemented with theoretical calculations. Experiments were performed for the unmodified raft system, composed of sphingomyelin (SM) and cholesterol (Chol), and in the next step the raft was modified by the incorporation of oxysterol in different proportions. In the examined three-component system (Chol:SM:oxysterol), apart from interactions between the lipid raft components, the affinity of Chol to its oxidized derivatives also plays an important role. 25-OH was found to enhance interactions between SM and Chol and thus stabilize the raft, contrary to 7β-OH and 7-K, which exterted the fluidizing effect as well as the destabilization of the raft. Different action of oxysterols on model raft was observed. 7β-OH and 7-K, which are highly potent inducers of cell dath caused raft destabilization, while 25-OH, which is the least toxic of the investigated oxysterols, was found to stabilize the raft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Wnętrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Chachaj-Brekiesz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Stępniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jan Kobierski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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22
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do Amaral MJ, Freire MHO, Almeida MS, Pinheiro AS, Cordeiro Y. Phase separation of the mammalian prion protein: physiological and pathological perspectives. J Neurochem 2022. [PMID: 35149997 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal phase transitions have been implicated in the occurrence of proteinopathies. Disordered proteins with nucleic acid binding ability drive the formation of reversible micron-sized condensates capable of controlling nucleic acid processing/transport. This mechanism, achieved via liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), underlies the formation of long-studied membraneless organelles (e.g., nucleolus) and various transient condensates formed by driver proteins. The prion protein (PrP) is not a classical nucleic acid-binding protein. However, it binds nucleic acids with high affinity, undergoes nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, contains a long intrinsically disordered region rich in glycines and evenly spaced aromatic residues, among other biochemical/biophysical properties of bona fide drivers of phase transitions. Because of this, our group and others have characterized LLPS of recombinant PrP. In vitro phase separation of PrP is modulated by nucleic acid aptamers, and, depending on the aptamer conformation, the liquid droplets evolve to solid-like species. Herein we discuss recent studies and previous evidence supporting PrP phase transitions. We focus on the central role of LLPS related to PrP physiology and pathology, with a special emphasis on the interaction of PrP with different ligands, such as proteins and nucleic acids, which can play a role in prion disease pathogenesis. Finally, we comment on therapeutic strategies directed at the nonfunctional phase separation that could potentially tackle prion diseases or other protein misfolding disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana J do Amaral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anderson S Pinheiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yraima Cordeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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23
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Crosstalk between Yeast Cell Plasma Membrane Ergosterol Content and Cell Wall Stiffness under Acetic Acid Stress Involving Pdr18. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020103. [PMID: 35205858 PMCID: PMC8880318 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetic acid is a major inhibitory compound in several industrial bioprocesses, in particular in lignocellulosic yeast biorefineries. Cell envelope remodeling, involving cell wall and plasma membrane composition, structure and function, is among the mechanisms behind yeast adaptation and tolerance to stress. Pdr18 is a plasma membrane ABC transporter of the pleiotropic drug resistance family and a reported determinant of acetic acid tolerance mediating ergosterol transport. This study provides evidence for the impact of Pdr18 expression in yeast cell wall during adaptation to acetic acid stress. The time-course of acetic-acid-induced transcriptional activation of cell wall biosynthetic genes (FKS1, BGL2, CHS3, GAS1) and of increased cell wall stiffness and cell wall polysaccharide content in cells with the PDR18 deleted, compared to parental cells, is reported. Despite the robust and more intense adaptive response of the pdr18Δ population, the stress-induced increase of cell wall resistance to lyticase activity was below parental strain levels, and the duration of the period required for intracellular pH recovery from acidification and growth resumption was higher in the less tolerant pdr18Δ population. The ergosterol content, critical for plasma membrane stabilization, suffered a drastic reduction in the first hour of cultivation under acetic acid stress, especially in pdr18Δ cells. Results revealed a crosstalk between plasma membrane ergosterol content and cell wall biophysical properties, suggesting a coordinated response to counteract the deleterious effects of acetic acid.
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24
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Membrane Domain Localization and Interaction of the Prion-Family Proteins, Prion and Shadoo with Calnexin. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120978. [PMID: 34940479 PMCID: PMC8704586 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is renowned for its infectious conformational isoform PrPSc, capable of templating subsequent conversions of healthy PrPCs and thus triggering the group of incurable diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Besides this mechanism not being fully uncovered, the protein’s physiological role is also elusive. PrPC and its newest, less understood paralog Shadoo are glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins highly expressed in the central nervous system. While they share some attributes and neuroprotective actions, opposing roles have also been reported for the two; however, the amount of data about their exact functions is lacking. Protein–protein interactions and membrane microdomain localizations are key determinants of protein function. Accurate identification of these functions for a membrane protein, however, can become biased due to interactions occurring during sample processing. To avoid such artifacts, we apply a non-detergent-based membrane-fractionation approach to study the prion protein and Shadoo. We show that the two proteins occupy similarly raft and non-raft membrane fractions when expressed in N2a cells and that both proteins pull down the chaperone calnexin in both rafts and non-rafts. These indicate their possible binding to calnexin in both types of membrane domains, which might be a necessary requisite to aid the inherently unstable native conformation during their lifetime.
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25
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Guo M, Xia C, Wu Y, Zhou N, Chen Z, Li W. Research Progress on Cell Membrane-Coated Biomimetic Delivery Systems. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:772522. [PMID: 34869288 PMCID: PMC8636778 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.772522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanoplatforms have many inherent properties, such as bio-interfacing abilities, self-identification, and signal transduction, which enable the biomimetic delivery system to escape immune clearance and opsonization. This can also maximize the drug delivery efficiency of synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) and functional cell membranes. As a new type of delivery system, cell membrane-coated biomimetic delivery systems have broadened the prospects for biomedical applications. In this review, we summarize research progress on cell membrane biomimetic technology from three aspects, including sources of membrane, modifications, and applications, then analyze their limitations and propose future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjie Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Nong Zhou
- The Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Green Cultivation and Deep Processing of Three Gorges Reservoir Area's Medicinal Herbs, College of Food and Biology Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Weidong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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26
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Nicolson GL, Ferreira de Mattos G. A Brief Introduction to Some Aspects of the Fluid-Mosaic Model of Cell Membrane Structure and Its Importance in Membrane Lipid Replacement. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:947. [PMID: 34940448 PMCID: PMC8708848 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Early cell membrane models placed most proteins external to lipid bilayers in trimolecular structures or as modular lipoprotein units. These thermodynamically untenable structures did not allow lipid lateral movements independent of membrane proteins. The Fluid-Mosaic Membrane Model accounted for these and other properties, such as membrane asymmetry, variable lateral mobilities of membrane components and their associations with dynamic complexes. Integral membrane proteins can transform into globular structures that are intercalated to various degrees into a heterogeneous lipid bilayer matrix. This simplified version of cell membrane structure was never proposed as the ultimate biomembrane description, but it provided a basic nanometer scale framework for membrane organization. Subsequently, the structures associated with membranes were considered, including peripheral membrane proteins, and cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix components that restricted lateral mobility. In addition, lipid-lipid and lipid-protein membrane domains, essential for cellular signaling, were proposed and eventually discovered. The presence of specialized membrane domains significantly reduced the extent of the fluid lipid matrix, so membranes have become more mosaic with some fluid areas over time. However, the fluid regions of membranes are very important in lipid transport and exchange. Various lipid globules, droplets, vesicles and other membranes can fuse to incorporate new lipids or expel damaged lipids from membranes, or they can be internalized in endosomes that eventually fuse with other internal vesicles and membranes. They can also be externalized in a reverse process and released as extracellular vesicles and exosomes. In this Special Issue, the use of membrane phospholipids to modify cellular membranes in order to modulate clinically relevant host properties is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth L. Nicolson
- Department of Molecular Pathology, The Institute for Molecular Medicine, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA
| | - Gonzalo Ferreira de Mattos
- Laboratory of Ion Channels, Biological Membranes and Cell Signaling, Department of Biophysics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay;
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Borges AR, Link F, Engstler M, Jones NG. The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor: A Linchpin for Cell Surface Versatility of Trypanosomatids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720536. [PMID: 34790656 PMCID: PMC8591177 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) to anchor proteins to the cell surface is widespread among eukaryotes. The GPI-anchor is covalently attached to the C-terminus of a protein and mediates the protein’s attachment to the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer. GPI-anchored proteins have a wide range of functions, including acting as receptors, transporters, and adhesion molecules. In unicellular eukaryotic parasites, abundantly expressed GPI-anchored proteins are major virulence factors, which support infection and survival within distinct host environments. While, for example, the variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) is the major component of the cell surface of the bloodstream form of African trypanosomes, procyclin is the most abundant protein of the procyclic form which is found in the invertebrate host, the tsetse fly vector. Trypanosoma cruzi, on the other hand, expresses a variety of GPI-anchored molecules on their cell surface, such as mucins, that interact with their hosts. The latter is also true for Leishmania, which use GPI anchors to display, amongst others, lipophosphoglycans on their surface. Clearly, GPI-anchoring is a common feature in trypanosomatids and the fact that it has been maintained throughout eukaryote evolution indicates its adaptive value. Here, we explore and discuss GPI anchors as universal evolutionary building blocks that support the great variety of surface molecules of trypanosomatids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa R Borges
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Link
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Engstler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicola G Jones
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Chip-Based Sensing of the Intercellular Transfer of Cell Surface Proteins: Regulation by the Metabolic State. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101452. [PMID: 34680568 PMCID: PMC8533487 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are anchored at the surface of mammalian blood and tissue cells through a carboxy-terminal GPI glycolipid. Eventually, they are released into incubation medium in vitro and blood in vivo and subsequently inserted into neighboring cells, potentially leading to inappropriate surface expression or lysis. To obtain first insight into the potential (patho)physiological relevance of intercellular GPI-AP transfer and its biochemical characterization, a cell-free chip- and microfluidic channel-based sensing system was introduced. For this, rat or human adipocyte or erythrocyte plasma membranes (PM) were covalently captured by the TiO2 chip surface operating as the acceptor PM. To measure transfer between PM, donor erythrocyte or adipocyte PM were injected into the channels of a flow chamber, incubated, and washed out, and the type and amount of proteins which had been transferred to acceptor PM evaluated with specific antibodies. Antibody binding was detected as phase shift of horizontal surface acoustic waves propagating over the chip surface. Time- and temperature-dependent transfer, which did not rely on fusion of donor and acceptor PM, was detected for GPI-APs, but not typical transmembrane proteins. Transfer of GPI-APs was found to be prevented by α-toxin, which binds to the glycan core of GPI anchors, and serum proteins in concentration-dependent fashion. Blockade of transfer, which was restored by synthetic phosphoinositolglycans mimicking the glycan core of GPI anchors, led to accumulation in the chip channels of full-length GPI-APs in association with phospholipids and cholesterol in non-membrane structures. Strikingly, efficacy of transfer between adipocytes and erythrocytes was determined by the metabolic state (genotype and feeding state) of the rats, which were used as source for the PM and sera, with upregulation in obese and diabetic rats and counterbalance by serum proteins. The novel chip-based sensing system for GPI-AP transfer may be useful for the prediction and stratification of metabolic diseases as well as elucidation of the putative role of intercellular transfer of cell surface proteins, such as GPI-APs, in (patho)physiological mechanisms.
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Maiti A, Daschakraborty S. How Do Urea and Trimethylamine N-Oxide Influence the Dehydration-Induced Phase Transition of a Lipid Membrane? J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:10149-10165. [PMID: 34486370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Living organisms are often exposed to extreme dehydration, which is detrimental to the structure and function of the cell membrane. The lipid membrane undergoes fluid-to-gel phase transition due to dehydration and thus loses fluidity and functionality. To protect the fluid phase of the bilayer these organisms adopt several strategies. Enhanced production of small polar organic solutes (also called osmolytes) is one such strategy. Urea and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) are two osmolytes found in different organisms combating osmotic stress. Previous experiments have found that both these osmolytes have strong effects on lipid membrane under different hydration conditions. Urea prevents the dehydration-induced phase transition of the lipid membrane by directly interacting with the lipids, while TMAO does not inhibit the phase transition. To provide atomistic insights, we have carried out all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of a lipid membrane under varying hydration levels and studied the effect of these osmolytes on different structural and dynamic properties of the membrane. This study suggests that urea significantly inhibits the dehydration-induced fluid-to-gel phase transition by strongly interacting with the lipid membrane via hydrogen bonds, which balances the reduced lipid hydration due to the decreasing water content. In contrast, TMAO is excluded from the membrane surface due to unfavorable interaction with the lipids. This induces further dehydration of the lipids which reinforces the fluid-to-gel phase transition. We have also studied the counteractive role of TMAO on the effect of urea on lipid membrane when both the osmolytes are present. TMAO draws some urea molecules out of the membrane and thereby reduces the effect of urea on the lipid membrane at lower hydration levels. This is similar to the counteraction of urea's deleterious effects on protein by TMAO. All these observations are consistent with the experimental results and thus provide deep molecular insights into the role of these osmolytes in protecting the fluid phase of the membrane, the key survival strategy against osmotic-stress-induced dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archita Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar 801106, India
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Lorizate M, Terrones O, Nieto-Garai JA, Rojo-Bartolomé I, Ciceri D, Morana O, Olazar-Intxausti J, Arboleya A, Martin A, Szynkiewicz M, Calleja-Felipe M, Bernardino de la Serna J, Contreras FX. Super-Resolution Microscopy Using a Bioorthogonal-Based Cholesterol Probe Provides Unprecedented Capabilities for Imaging Nanoscale Lipid Heterogeneity in Living Cells. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100430. [PMID: 34928061 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite more than 20 years of work since the lipid raft concept was proposed, the existence of these nanostructures remains highly controversial due to the lack of noninvasive methods to investigate their native nanorganization in living unperturbed cells. There is an unmet need for probes for direct imaging of nanoscale membrane dynamics with high spatial and temporal resolution in living cells. In this paper, a bioorthogonal-based cholesterol probe (chol-N3 ) is developed that, combined with nanoscopy, becomes a new powerful method for direct visualization and characterization of lipid raft at unprecedented resolution in living cells. The chol-N3 probe mimics cholesterol in synthetic and cellular membranes without perturbation. When combined with live-cell super-resolution microscopy, chol-N3 demonstrates the existence of cholesterol-rich nanodomains of <50 nm at the plasma membrane of resting living cells. Using this tool, the lipid membrane structure of such subdiffraction limit domains is identified, and the nanoscale spatiotemporal organization of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of living cells reveals multiple cholesterol diffusion modes at different spatial localizations. Finally, imaging across thick organ samples outlines the potential of this new method to address essential biological questions that were previously beyond reach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maier Lorizate
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Oihana Terrones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Jon Ander Nieto-Garai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Iratxe Rojo-Bartolomé
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Dalila Ciceri
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Ornella Morana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - June Olazar-Intxausti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Aroa Arboleya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Fundación Biofísica Bizkaia/Biofisika Bizkaia Fundazioa (FBB), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Alexia Martin
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marta Szynkiewicz
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Oxford, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Maria Calleja-Felipe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Jorge Bernardino de la Serna
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Research Complex at Harwell, Oxford, OX11 0FA, UK
- NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - F-Xabier Contreras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and Instituto Biofisika (UPV/EHU, CSIC), Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48011, Spain
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Losada-Garcia N, Garcia-Sanz C, Andreu A, Velasco-Torrijos T, Palomo JM. Glyconanomaterials for Human Virus Detection and Inhibition. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1684. [PMID: 34206886 PMCID: PMC8308178 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are among the most infectious pathogens, responsible for the highest death toll around the world. Lack of effective clinical drugs for most viral diseases emphasizes the need for speedy and accurate diagnosis at early stages of infection to prevent rapid spread of the pathogens. Glycans are important molecules which are involved in different biological recognition processes, especially in the spread of infection by mediating virus interaction with endothelial cells. Thus, novel strategies based on nanotechnology have been developed for identifying and inhibiting viruses in a fast, selective, and precise way. The nanosized nature of nanomaterials and their exclusive optical, electronic, magnetic, and mechanical features can improve patient care through using sensors with minimal invasiveness and extreme sensitivity. This review provides an overview of the latest advances of functionalized glyconanomaterials, for rapid and selective biosensing detection of molecules as biomarkers or specific glycoproteins and as novel promising antiviral agents for different kinds of serious viruses, such as the Dengue virus, Ebola virus, influenza virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus, Zika virus, or coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Losada-Garcia
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis (CSIC), Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.L.-G.); (C.G.-S.); (A.A.)
| | - Carla Garcia-Sanz
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis (CSIC), Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.L.-G.); (C.G.-S.); (A.A.)
| | - Alicia Andreu
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis (CSIC), Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.L.-G.); (C.G.-S.); (A.A.)
| | | | - Jose M. Palomo
- Department of Biocatalysis, Institute of Catalysis (CSIC), Marie Curie 2, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (N.L.-G.); (C.G.-S.); (A.A.)
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Spectroscopy of model-membrane liposome-protein systems: complementarity of linear dichroism, circular dichroism, fluorescence and SERS. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:61-75. [PMID: 33942863 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A range of membrane models have been developed to study components of cellular systems. Lipid vesicles or liposomes are one such artificial membrane model which mimics many properties of the biological system: they are lipid bilayers composed of one or more lipids to which other molecules can associate. Liposomes are thus ideal to study the roles of cellular lipids and their interactions with other membrane components to understand a wide range of cellular processes including membrane disruption, membrane transport and catalytic activity. Although liposomes are much simpler than cellular membranes, they are still challenging to study and a variety of complementary techniques are needed. In this review article, we consider several currently used analytical methods for spectroscopic measurements of unilamellar liposomes and their interaction with proteins and peptides. Among the variety of spectroscopic techniques seeing increasing application, we have chosen to discuss: fluorescence based techniques such as FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) and FRAP (fluorescence recovery after photobleaching), that are used to identify localisation and dynamics of molecules in the membrane; circular dichroism (CD) and linear dichroism (LD) for conformational and orientation changes of proteins on membrane binding; and SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy) as a rapidly developing ultrasensitive technique for site-selective molecular characterisation. The review contains brief theoretical basics of the listed techniques and recent examples of their successful applications for membrane studies.
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Kobierski J, Wnętrzak A, Chachaj-Brekiesz A, Filiczkowska A, Petelska AD, Dynarowicz-Latka P. How the replacement of cholesterol by 25-hydroxycholesterol affects the interactions with sphingolipids: The Langmuir Monolayer Study complemented with theoretical calculations. J R Soc Interface 2021; 18:20210050. [PMID: 33726539 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a representative of chain-oxidized sterols, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OH), has been studied in Langmuir monolayers mixed with the sphingolipids sphingomyelin (SM) and ganglioside (GM1) to build lipid rafts. A classical Langmuir monolayer approach based on thermodynamic analysis of interactions was complemented with microscopic visualization of films (Brewster angle microscopy), surface-sensitive spectroscopy (polarization modulation-infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy) and theoretical calculations (density functional theory modelling and molecular dynamics simulations). Strong interactions between 25-OH and both investigated sphingolipids enabled the formation of surface complexes. As known from previous studies, 25-OH in pure monolayers can be anchored to the water surface with a hydroxyl group at either C(3) or C(25). In this study, we investigated how the presence of additional strong interactions with sphingolipids modifies the surface arrangement of 25-OH. Results have shown that, in the 25-OH/GM1 system, there are no preferences regarding the orientation of the 25-OH molecule in surface complexes and two types of complexes are formed. On the other hand, SM enforces one specific orientation of 25-OH: being anchored with the C(3)-OH group to the water. The strength of interactions between the studied sphingolipids and 25-OH versus cholesterol is similar, which indicates that cholesterol may well be replaced by oxysterol in the lipid raft system. In this way, the composition of lipid rafts can be modified, changing their rheological properties and, as a consequence, influencing their proper functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kobierski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anita Wnętrzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Chachaj-Brekiesz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Filiczkowska
- Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aneta D Petelska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciołkowskiego 1 K, 15-425 Bialystok, Poland
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Kuo CC, Lin YC, Chen LH, Lin MY, Shih MC, Lee MH. CaNRT2.1 Is Required for Nitrate but Not Nitrite Uptake in Chili Pepper Pathogen Colletotrichum acutatum. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:613674. [PMID: 33469454 PMCID: PMC7813687 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.613674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chili peppers are an important food additive used in spicy cuisines worldwide. However, the yield and quality of chilis are threatened by anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum acutatum. Despite the impact of C. acutatum on chili production, the genes involved in fungal development and pathogenicity in this species have not been well characterized. In this study, through T-DNA insertional mutagenesis, we identified a mutant strain termed B7, which is defective for the growth of C. acutatum on a minimal nutrient medium. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed that a large fragment DNA (19.8 kb) is deleted from the B7 genome, thus resulting in the deletion of three genes, including CaGpiP1 encoding a glycosylphosphatidyl-inisotol (GPI)-anchored protein, CaNRT2.1 encoding a membrane-bound nitrate/nitrite transporter, and CaRQH1 encoding a RecQ helicase protein. In addition, T-DNA is inserted upstream of the CaHP1 gene encoding a hypothetical protein. Functional characterization of CaGpiP1, CaNRT2.1, and CaHP1 by targeted gene disruption and bioassays indicated that CaNRT2.1 is responsible for the growth-defective phenotype of B7. Both B7 and CaNRT2.1 mutant strains cannot utilize nitrate as nitrogen sources, thus restraining the fungal growth on a minimal nutrient medium. In addition to CaNRT2.1, our results showed that CaGpiP1 is a cell wall-associated GPI-anchored protein. However, after investigating the functions of CaGpiP1 and CaHP1 in fungal pathogenicity, growth, development and stress tolerance, we were unable to uncover the roles of these two genes in C. acutatum. Collectively, in this study, our results identify the growth-defective strain B7 via T-DNA insertion and reveal the critical role of CaNRT2.1 in nitrate transportation for the fungal growth of C. acutatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chi Kuo
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chu Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hung Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yi Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Shih
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academic Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Miin-Huey Lee
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Advanced Plant Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wang Y, Zhang P, Wei Y, Shen K, Xiao L, Miron RJ, Zhang Y. Cell-Membrane-Display Nanotechnology. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001014. [PMID: 33000917 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Advances in material science have set the stage for nanoparticle-based research with potent applications for the diagnosis, bioimaging, and precise treatment of diseases. Despite the wide range of biomaterials developed, the rational design of biomaterials with predictable bioactivity and safety remains a critical challenge. In recent years, the field of cell-membrane-based therapeutics has emerged as a promising platform for addressing unmet medical needs. The utilization of natural cell membranes endows biomaterials with a remarkable ability to serve as biointerfaces that interact with the host environment. To improve the function and efficacy of cell-membrane-based therapeutics, a series of novel strategies is developed as cell-membrane-display nanotechnology, which utilizes various methods to selectively display therapeutic molecules of cell membranes on nanoparticles. Although cell-membrane-display nanotechnology remains in the early phases, considerable work is currently being conducted in the field. This review discusses details of innovative strategies for displaying cell-membrane molecules, including the following: 1) displaying molecules of cell membranes on biomaterials, 2) pretreating cell membranes to induce increased expression of inherent molecules of cell membranes and enhance their function, and 3) inserting additional functional molecules on cell membranes. For each area, the theoretical basis, application scenarios, and potential development are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
- Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
- Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Yan Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
- Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Kailun Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
- Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Leyi Xiao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
- Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Richard J Miron
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
- Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China
- Medical Research Institute School of Medicine Wuhan University Wuhan 430071 China
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Nagano T, Iwasaki T, Onishi K, Awai Y, Terachi A, Kuwaba S, Asano S, Katasho R, Nagai K, Nakashima A, Kikkawa U, Kamada S. LY6D-induced macropinocytosis as a survival mechanism of senescent cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100049. [PMID: 33168631 PMCID: PMC7948989 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.013500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although senescent cells display various morphological changes including vacuole formation, it is still unclear how these processes are regulated. We have recently identified the gene, lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus D (LY6D), to be upregulated specifically in senescent cells. LY6D is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell-surface protein whose function remains unknown. Here, we analyzed the functional relationship between LY6D and the senescence processes. We found that overexpression of LY6D induced vacuole formation and knockdown of LY6D suppressed the senescence-associated vacuole formation. The LY6D-induced vacuoles were derived from macropinocytosis, a distinct form of endocytosis. Furthermore, Src family kinases and Ras were found to be recruited to membrane lipid rafts in an LY6D-dependent manner, and inhibition of their activity impaired the LY6D-induced macropinocytosis. Finally, reduction of senescent-cell survival induced by glutamine deprivation was recovered by albumin supplementation to the culture media in an LY6D-dependent manner. Because macropinocytosis acts as an amino acid supply route, these results suggest that LY6D-mediated macropinocytosis contributes to senescent-cell survival through the incorporation of extracellular nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Nagano
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Iwasaki
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kengo Onishi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuto Awai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Anju Terachi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shione Kuwaba
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shota Asano
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryoko Katasho
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Nagai
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akio Nakashima
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ushio Kikkawa
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamada
- Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
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37
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Carro SD, Cherry S. Beyond the Surface: Endocytosis of Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses. Viruses 2020; 13:E13. [PMID: 33374822 PMCID: PMC7824540 DOI: 10.3390/v13010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a group of positive-sense RNA viruses that are primarily transmitted through arthropod vectors and are capable of causing a broad spectrum of diseases. Many of the flaviviruses that are pathogenic in humans are transmitted specifically through mosquito vectors. Over the past century, many mosquito-borne flavivirus infections have emerged and re-emerged, and are of global importance with hundreds of millions of infections occurring yearly. There is a need for novel, effective, and accessible vaccines and antivirals capable of inhibiting flavivirus infection and ameliorating disease. The development of therapeutics targeting viral entry has long been a goal of antiviral research, but most efforts are hindered by the lack of broad-spectrum potency or toxicities associated with on-target effects, since many host proteins necessary for viral entry are also essential for host cell biology. Mosquito-borne flaviviruses generally enter cells by clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), and recent studies suggest that a subset of these viruses can be internalized through a specialized form of CME that has additional dependencies distinct from canonical CME pathways, and antivirals targeting this pathway have been discovered. In this review, we discuss the role and contribution of endocytosis to mosquito-borne flavivirus entry as well as consider past and future efforts to target endocytosis for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
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Wang M, Xin Y, Cao H, Li W, Hua Y, Webster TJ, Zhang C, Tang W, Liu Z. Recent advances in mesenchymal stem cell membrane-coated nanoparticles for enhanced drug delivery. Biomater Sci 2020; 9:1088-1103. [PMID: 33332490 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01164a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Studies of nanomedicine have achieved dramatic progress in recent decades. However, the main challenges that traditional nanomedicine has to overcome include low accumulation at target sites and rapid clearance from the blood circulation. An interesting approach using cell membrane coating technology has emerged as a possible way to overcome these limitations, owing to the enhanced targeted delivery and reduced immunogenicity of cell membrane moieties. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy has been investigated for treating various diseases, ranging from inflammatory diseases to tissue damage. Recent studies with engineered modified MSCs or MSC membranes have focused on enhancing cell therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, bioengineering strategies that couple synthetic nanoparticles with MSC membranes have recently received much attention due to their homing ability and tumor tropism. Given the various membrane receptors on their surfaces, MSC membrane-coated nanoparticles are an effective method with selective targeting properties, allowing entry into specific cells. Here, we review recent progress on the use of MSC membrane-coated nanoparticles for biomedical applications, particularly in the two main antitumor and anti-inflammatory fields. The combination of a bioengineered cell membrane and synthesized nanoparticles presents a wide range of possibilities for the further development of targeted drug delivery, showing the potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy for treating various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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39
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Ding K, Zhang L, Fan X, Guo X, Liu X, Yang H. The Effect of Pedal Peptide-Type Neuropeptide on Locomotor Behavior and Muscle Physiology in the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Front Physiol 2020; 11:559348. [PMID: 33192555 PMCID: PMC7642236 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.559348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are endogenous active substances that are present in nervous tissues and participate in behavioral and physiological processes of the animal system. Locomotor behavior is basic to predation, escape, reproduction in animals, and neuropeptides play an important role in locomotion. In this study, the function of pedal peptide-type neuropeptide (PDP) in the process of locomotor behavior of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus was evaluated. The locomotor behavior of A. japonicus was recorded by infrared camera before and after PDP administration, and muscle physiology was studied by ultra performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-off-light mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) to clarify the potential physiological mechanisms. The results showed that PDP enhanced the cumulative duration of moving significantly at the 7th h after injection, and reduced the mean and maximum velocity by 16.90 and 14.22% in A. japonicus. The data of muscle metabolomics suggested that some significantly changed metabolites were related to locomotor behavior of sea cucumbers. The decreases of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) might result in the increases of lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (lysoPE), and suggested the change of fluidity and permeability in the muscle cell membrane, which would affect the physiology and function of muscle cells, and finally alter the locomotor behavior. In addition, the increased level of arachidonic acid (ARA) might activate K+ ion channels and then affect the signaling of muscle cells, or promote the sensitivity of muscle cells to Ca2+ and then result in the contractility of longitudinal muscles in sea cucumbers. ARA was also involved in the linoleic acid metabolism which was the only pathway that disturbed significantly after PDP administration. In conclusion, PDP participated in the regulation of locomotor behavior in the sea cucumber, and the decreased PE and PC, increased lysoPC, lysoPE and ARA might be the potential physiological mechanisms that responsible for behavioral effects of PDP in A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Engineering Laboratory for Marine Ranching, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhao Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xueying Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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40
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Stapornwongkul KS, de Gennes M, Cocconi L, Salbreux G, Vincent JP. Patterning and growth control in vivo by an engineered GFP gradient. Science 2020; 370:321-327. [PMID: 33060356 PMCID: PMC7611032 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb8205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Morphogen gradients provide positional information during development. To uncover the minimal requirements for morphogen gradient formation, we have engineered a synthetic morphogen in Drosophila wing primordia. We show that an inert protein, green fluorescent protein (GFP), can form a detectable diffusion-based gradient in the presence of surface-associated anti-GFP nanobodies, which modulate the gradient by trapping the ligand and limiting leakage from the tissue. We next fused anti-GFP nanobodies to the receptors of Dpp, a natural morphogen, to render them responsive to extracellular GFP. In the presence of these engineered receptors, GFP could replace Dpp to organize patterning and growth in vivo. Concomitant expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored nonsignaling receptors further improved patterning, to near-wild-type quality. Theoretical arguments suggest that GPI anchorage could be important for these receptors to expand the gradient length scale while at the same time reducing leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc de Gennes
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Luca Cocconi
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Imperial College, Department of Mathematics, London, UK
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41
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Gao X, Luo X, You W, Ke C. Circadian movement behaviours and metabolism differences of the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 211:111994. [PMID: 32858337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is the most important and universal biological rhythm in marine organisms. In this research, the movement behaviour of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) was continuously monitored under a light cycle of 12 L:12D. It was found that the cumulative movement distance and cumulative movement time of abalone reached was highest from 00:00-03:00 h. The minimum values of maximum movement velocity occurred between 21:00-00:00 h, and a significant circadian cosine rhythm was exhibited during these periods (P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis of cerebral ganglions of abalone was conducted at 06:00 h (6 M), 14:00 h (14 M), and 22:00 h (22 M) and 380, 385, and 315 metabolites with significant differences were identified in 6 M vs 14 M, 14 M vs 22 M, and 6 M vs 22 M, respectively (P < 0.05). With the alternation of day and night, the expression levels of phosphatidylcholine, 5-HT, N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine, indole-3-acetaldehyde, hypoxanthine, and deoxyinosine declined significantly, while those of Lysophosphatidylcholines (lysoPC) (20: 5 (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z, 17Z)), lysoPC (22: 4 (7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z)), lysoPC (16: 1 (9Z) / 0: 0), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (18: 1 (11Z) 22: 2 (13Z, 16Z)), and guanosine 5'-phosphate rose significantly. These 11 metabolites can be used as differential metabolic markers. These findings not only quantitatively describe the circadian movement behaviours of abalone, but also provide an initial analysis of the circadian mechanism of the physiological metabolic conversion of abalone, which in turn provides guidelines for light control and feeding strategy for use in aquaculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weiwei You
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Caihuan Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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42
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Vidal M. Exosomes and GPI-anchored proteins: Judicious pairs for investigating biomarkers from body fluids. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:110-123. [PMID: 32828789 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are 50-100 nm membranous vesicles actively released by cells which can be indicative of a diseased cell status. They contain various kinds of molecule - proteins, mRNA, miRNA, lipids - that are actively being studied as potential biomarkers. Hereafter I put forward several arguments in favor of the potential use of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) as biomarkers especially of cancerous diseases. I will briefly update readers on the exosome field and review various features of GPI-APs, before further discussing the advantages of this class of proteins as potential exosomal biomarkers. I will finish with a few examples of exosomal GPI-APs that have already been demonstrated to be good prognostic markers, as well as innovative approaches developed to quantify these exosomal biomarkers.
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Igarashi M, Honda A, Kawasaki A, Nozumi M. Neuronal Signaling Involved in Neuronal Polarization and Growth: Lipid Rafts and Phosphorylation. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:150. [PMID: 32922262 PMCID: PMC7456915 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal polarization and growth are developmental processes that occur during neuronal cell differentiation. The molecular signaling mechanisms involved in these events in in vivo mammalian brain remain unclear. Also, cellular events of the neuronal polarization process within a given neuron are thought to be constituted of many independent intracellular signal transduction pathways (the "tug-of-war" model). However, in vivo results suggest that such pathways should be cooperative with one another among a given group of neurons in a region of the brain. Lipid rafts, specific membrane domains with low fluidity, are candidates for the hotspots of such intracellular signaling. Among the signals reported to be involved in polarization, a number are thought to be present or translocated to the lipid rafts in response to extracellular signals. As part of our analysis, we discuss how such novel molecular mechanisms are combined for effective regulation of neuronal polarization and growth, focusing on the significance of the lipid rafts, including results based on recently introduced methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Atsuko Honda
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Asami Kawasaki
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nozumi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Niigata University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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44
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Zhang L, Tian W, Zhou B. Polymorphisms in Neuronal Growth Regulator 1 and Otoancorin Alternate the Susceptibility to Lung Cancer in Chinese Nonsmoking Females. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:1657-1663. [PMID: 32552051 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.5654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) play crucial roles in the genesis and progress of tumor. We investigated the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CAMs, neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1), and Otoancorin (OTOA) on lung cancer susceptibility in Chinese nonsmoking females. Logistic regression and Cox regression analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of SNPs and environmental factors. For rs3102911, genotype TT carriers decreased the risk of lung cancer with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.635. AA genotypes of rs741718 increased the risk of lung cancer with an OR of 3.527. In stratified analysis, genotype AA carriers of rs741718 had a high susceptibility to lung adenocarcinoma compared with GG and AG genotypes. Analyses of association between SNPs and clinical characteristics revealed that rs3102911 as a protective factor and rs741718 as a risk factor influenced the lung cancer occurrence and progression in nonsmoking females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Tian
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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45
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Echeverri D, Garg M, Varón Silva D, Orozco J. Phosphoglycan-sensitized platform for specific detection of anti-glycan IgG and IgM antibodies in serum. Talanta 2020; 217:121117. [PMID: 32498834 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins (GPI-APs) are natural conjugates in the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells that result from the attachment of a glycolipid to the C-terminus of many proteins. GPI-APs play a crucial role in cell signaling and adhesion and have implications in health and diseases. GPI-APs and GPIs without protein (free GPIs) are found in abundance on the surface of the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. The detection of anti-GPI IgG and IgM antibodies allows differentiation between toxoplasmosis patients and healthy individuals using serological assays. However, these methods are limited by their poor efficiency, cross-reactivity and need for sophisticated laboratory equipment and qualified personnel. Here, we established a label-free electrochemical glycobiosensor for the detection of anti-GPI IgG and IgM antibodies in serum from toxoplasmosis seropositive patients. This biosensor uses a synthetic GPI phosphoglycan bioreceptor immobilized on screen-printed gold electrodes through a linear alkane thiol phosphodiester. The antigen-antibody interaction was detected and quantified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The resultant device showed a linear dynamic range of anti-GPI antibodies in serum ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 IU mL-1, with a limit of detection of 0.31 IU mL-1. This method also holds great potential for the detection of IgG antibodies related to other multiple medical conditions characterized by overexpression of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Echeverri
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N° 52-20, Medellín, 050010, Colombia
| | - Monika Garg
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jahir Orozco
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Nanobioengineering, University of Antioquia, Complejo Ruta N, Calle 67 N° 52-20, Medellín, 050010, Colombia.
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Nguyen KV, Naviaux RK, Nyhan WL. Lesch-Nyhan disease: I. Construction of expression vectors for hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGprt) enzyme and amyloid precursor protein (APP). NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 39:905-922. [PMID: 32312153 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2020.1714653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) is a rare X-linked inherited neurogenetic disorder of purine metabolism in which the enzyme, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGprt) is defective. Despite having been characterized over 50 years ago, it remains unclear precisely how deficits in HGprt enzyme activity can lead to the neurological syndrome, especially the self-injury of LND. Several studies have proposed different hypotheses regarding the etiology of this disease, and several treatments have been tried in patients. However, up to now, there is no satisfactory explanation of the disease and for many LND patients, efficacious treatment for persistent self-injurious behavior remains unreachable. A role for epistasis between mutated hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) genes has been recently suggested. This finding may provide new directions not only for investigating the role of APP in neuropathology associated with HGprt-deficiency in LND but also for the research in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders in which the APP gene is involved in the pathogenesis of diseases and may pave the way for new strategies applicable to rational antisense drugs design. It is therefore necessary to study the HGprt enzyme and APP using expression vectors for exploring their impacts on LND as well as other human diseases, especially the ones related to APP such as Alzheimer's disease in which the physiologic function and the structure of the entire APP remain largely unclear until now. For such a purpose, we report here the construction of expression vectors as the first step (Part I) of our investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khue Vu Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Robert K Naviaux
- Department of Medicine, Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - William L Nyhan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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47
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von Hoven G, Qin Q, Neukirch C, Husmann M, Hellmann N. Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin: small pore, large consequences. Biol Chem 2020; 400:1261-1276. [PMID: 30951494 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The small β-pore-forming α-toxin, also termed α-hemolysin or Hla is considered to be an important virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus. Perforation of the plasma membrane (PM) by Hla leads to uncontrolled flux of ions and water. Already a small number of toxin pores seems to be sufficient to induce complex cellular responses, many of which depend on the efflux of potassium. In this article, we discuss the implications of secondary membrane lesions, for example, by endogenous channels, for Hla-mediated toxicity, for calcium-influx and membrane repair. Activation of purinergic receptors has been proposed to be a major contributor to the lytic effects of various pore forming proteins, but new findings raise doubts that this holds true for Hla. However, the recently discovered cellular pore forming proteins gasdermin D and Mixed lineage kinase domain-like pseudokinase (MLKL) which perforate the PM from the cytosolic side might contribute to both calcium-influx-dependent damage and membrane repair. Activation of endogenous pore forming proteins by Hla above a threshold concentration could explain the apparent dependence of pore characteristics on toxin concentrations. If secondary membrane damage in the aftermath of Hla-attack contributes significantly to overall PM permeability, it might be an interesting target for new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela von Hoven
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Qianqian Qin
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Neukirch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Husmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Obere Zahlbacher Straße 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadja Hellmann
- Institute for Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johann-Joachim Becher-Weg 30, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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48
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Murshid A, Borges TJ, Bonorino C, Lang BJ, Calderwood SK. Immunological Outcomes Mediated Upon Binding of Heat Shock Proteins to Scavenger Receptors SCARF1 and LOX-1, and Endocytosis by Mononuclear Phagocytes. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3035. [PMID: 31998315 PMCID: PMC6968791 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSP) are a highly abundant class of molecular chaperones that can be released into the extracellular milieu and influence the immune response. HSP release can occur when cells undergo necrosis and exude their contents. However, HSPs are also secreted from intact cells, either in free form or in lipid vesicles including exosomes to react with receptors on adjacent cells. Target cells are able recognize extracellular HSPs through cell surface receptors. These include scavenger receptors (SR) such as class E member oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1, aka OLR1, Clec8A, and SR-E1) and scavenger receptor class F member 1 (SCARF1, aka SREC1). Both receptors are expressed by dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages. These receptors can bind HSPs coupled to client binding proteins and deliver the chaperone substrate to the pathways of antigen processing in cells. SR are able to facilitate the delivery of client proteins to the proteasome, leading to antigen processing and presentation, and stimulation of adaptive immunity. HSPs may also may be involved in innate immunity through activation of inflammatory signaling pathways in a mechanism dependent on SR and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on DC and macrophages. We will discuss the pathways by which HSPs can facilitate uptake of protein antigens and the receptors that regulate the ensuing immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Murshid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thiago J Borges
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Renal Division, Schuster Family Transplantation Research Center, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cristina Bonorino
- Laboratório de Immunoterapia, Departmento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Benjamin J Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stuart K Calderwood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Gocheva G, Ivanova N, Iliev S, Petrova J, Madjarova G, Ivanova A. Characteristics of a Folate Receptor-α Anchored into a Multilipid Bilayer Obtained from Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 16:749-764. [PMID: 31639310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thorough computational description of the properties of membrane-anchored protein receptors, which are important for example in the context of active targeting drug delivery, may be achieved by models representing as close as possible the immediate environment of these macromolecules. An all-atom bilayer, including 35 different lipid types asymmetrically distributed among the two monolayers, is suggested as a model neoplastic cell membrane. One molecule of folate receptor-α (FRα) is anchored into its outer leaflet, and the behavior of the system is explored by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The total number of atoms in the model is ∼185 000. Three 1-μs-long simulations are carried out, where physiological conditions (310 K and 1 bar) are maintained with three different pressure scaling schemes. To evaluate the structure and the phase state of the membrane, the density profiles of the system, the average area per lipid, and the deuterium order parameter of the lipid tails are calculated. The bilayer is in liquid ordered state, and the specific arrangement varies between the three trajectories. The changes in the structure of FRα are investigated and are found time- and ensemble-dependent. The volume of the ligand binding pocket fluctuates with time, but this variation remains independent of the more global structural alterations. The latter are mostly "waving" motions of the protein, which periodically approaches and retreats from the membrane. The semi-isotropic pressure scaling perturbs the receptor most significantly, while the isotropic algorithm induces rather slow changes. Maintaining constant nonzero surface tension leads to behavior closest to the experimentally observed one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergana Gocheva
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry , Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" , 1 James Bourchier Boulevard , 1164 Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Nikoleta Ivanova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry , Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" , 1 James Bourchier Boulevard , 1164 Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Stoyan Iliev
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry , Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" , 1 James Bourchier Boulevard , 1164 Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Jasmina Petrova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry , Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" , 1 James Bourchier Boulevard , 1164 Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Galia Madjarova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry , Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" , 1 James Bourchier Boulevard , 1164 Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Anela Ivanova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry , Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" , 1 James Bourchier Boulevard , 1164 Sofia , Bulgaria
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50
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Kim GT, Hahn KW, Sohn K, Yoon SY, Kim JW. PLAG enhances macrophage mobility for efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils via membrane redistribution of P2Y2. FEBS J 2019; 286:5016-5029. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guen Tae Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Daejeon South Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences College of Life Science and Nano Technology Hannam University Daejeon South Korea
| | - Kyu Woong Hahn
- Department of Biological Sciences College of Life Science and Nano Technology Hannam University Daejeon South Korea
| | - Ki‐Young Sohn
- Division of Global New Drug Development ENZYCHEM Lifesciences Jecheon South Korea
| | - Sun Young Yoon
- Division of Global New Drug Development ENZYCHEM Lifesciences Jecheon South Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- Cell Factory Research Center Division of Systems Biology and Bioengineering Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Daejeon South Korea
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