1
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Brandt N, Köper F, Hausmann J, Bräuer AU. Spotlight on plasticity-related genes: Current insights in health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2024:108687. [PMID: 38969308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of the central nervous system is highly complex, involving numerous developmental processes that must take place with high spatial and temporal precision. This requires a series of complex and well-coordinated molecular processes that are tighly controlled and regulated by, for example, a variety of proteins and lipids. Deregulations in these processes, including genetic mutations, can lead to the most severe maldevelopments. The present review provides an overview of the protein family Plasticity-related genes (PRG1-5), including their role during neuronal differentiation, their molecular interactions, and their participation in various diseases. As these proteins can modulate the function of bioactive lipids, they are able to influence various cellular processes. Furthermore, they are dynamically regulated during development, thus playing an important role in the development and function of synapses. First studies, conducted not only in mouse experiments but also in humans, revealed that mutations or dysregulations of these proteins lead to changes in lipid metabolism, resulting in severe neurological deficits. In recent years, as more and more studies have shown their involvement in a broad range of diseases, the complexity and broad spectrum of known and as yet unknown interactions between PRGs, lipids, and proteins make them a promising and interesting group of potential novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Brandt
- Research Group Anatomy, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Köper
- Research Group Anatomy, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jens Hausmann
- Research Group Anatomy, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anja U Bräuer
- Research Group Anatomy, Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
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2
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Karalis T, Poulogiannis G. The Emerging Role of LPA as an Oncometabolite. Cells 2024; 13:629. [PMID: 38607068 PMCID: PMC11011573 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a phospholipid that displays potent signalling activities that are regulated in both an autocrine and paracrine manner. It can be found both extra- and intracellularly, where it interacts with different receptors to activate signalling pathways that regulate a plethora of cellular processes, including mitosis, proliferation and migration. LPA metabolism is complex, and its biosynthesis and catabolism are under tight control to ensure proper LPA levels in the body. In cancer patient specimens, LPA levels are frequently higher compared to those of healthy individuals and often correlate with poor responses and more aggressive disease. Accordingly, LPA, through promoting cancer cell migration and invasion, enhances the metastasis and dissemination of tumour cells. In this review, we summarise the role of LPA in the regulation of critical aspects of tumour biology and further discuss the available pre-clinical and clinical evidence regarding the feasibility and efficacy of targeting LPA metabolism for effective anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Poulogiannis
- Signalling and Cancer Metabolism Laboratory, Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK;
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3
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Zhang L, Zhang S, Qiao Y, Cao X, Jiang G, Cheng J, Wan X, Meng Q, Shen H. A comparative transcriptome analysis of how shrimp endure and adapt to long-term symbiosis with Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109088. [PMID: 37778737 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a prevalent microsporidian pathogen responsible for hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) in Litopenaeus vannamei. This infection not only leads to slowed growth in shrimp abut aslo inflicts substantial economic losses in the global aquaculture industry. However, the molecular mechanisms by which EHP influences the host during various infection stages remain unclear. This study employed comparative transcriptomics to examine the effects of EHP infection on Litopenaeus vannamei between early and late stage of infection groups. Utilizing transcriptomic approaches, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with notable biological significance through the COG, GO, KEGG, GSEA, and Mufzz time-series methodologies. The results reveal that EHP infection considerably influences host gene expression, with marked differences between early and late infection across distinct timeframes. Key processes such as detoxification, cell apoptosis, and lipid metabolism are pivotal during host-parasite interactions. Hexokinase and phosphatidic acid phosphatase emerge as key factors enabling invasion and sustained effects. Cytochrome P450 and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase could facilitate infection progression. EHP significantly impacts growth, especially through ecdysteroids and 17β-estradiol dehydrogenase. By delineating stage-specific effects, we gain insights into interaction between EHP and Litopenaeus vannamei, showing how intracellular pathogens reprogram host defenses into mechanisms enabling long-term persistence. This study provides a deeper understanding of host-pathogen dynamics, emphasizing the interplay between detoxification, metabolism, immunity, apoptosis and growth regulation over the course of long-term symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiting Zhang
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Xiaowei Cao
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Ge Jiang
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Xihe Wan
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China; Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226007, China.
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4
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Nader N, Zarif L, Halama A, Yadav S, Dib M, Attarwala N, Chen Q, Suhre K, Gross SS, Machaca K. Progesterone induces meiosis through two obligate co-receptors with PLA2 activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.09.556646. [PMID: 37905030 PMCID: PMC10614741 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.09.556646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The steroid hormone progesterone (P4) regulates multiple aspects of reproductive and metabolic physiology. Classical P4 signaling operates through nuclear receptors that regulate transcription. In addition, P4 signals through membrane P4 receptors (mPRs) in a rapid nongenomic modality. Despite the established physiological importance of P4 nongenomic signaling, its detailed signal transduction remains elusive. Here, using Xenopus oocyte maturation as a well-established physiological readout of nongenomic P4 signaling, we identify the lipid hydrolase ABHD2 (α/β hydrolase domain-containing protein 2) as an essential mPRβ co-receptor to trigger meiosis. We show using functional assays coupled to unbiased and targeted cell-based lipidomics that ABHD2 possesses a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity that requires both P4 and mPRβ. This PLA2 activity bifurcates P4 signaling by inducing mPRβ clathrin-dependent endocytosis and producing lipid messengers that are G-protein coupled receptors agonists. Therefore, P4 drives meiosis by inducing the ABHD2 PLA2 activity that requires both mPRβ and ABHD2 as obligate co-receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Nader
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lubna Zarif
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anna Halama
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sharan Yadav
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maya Dib
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nabeel Attarwala
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Biological Sciences division, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Steven S. Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khaled Machaca
- Calcium Signaling Group, Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Jiang S, Yang H, Li M. Emerging Roles of Lysophosphatidic Acid in Macrophages and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12524. [PMID: 37569902 PMCID: PMC10419859 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid that regulates physiological and pathological processes in numerous cell biological functions, including cell migration, apoptosis, and proliferation. Macrophages are found in most human tissues and have multiple physiological and pathological functions. There is growing evidence that LPA signaling plays a significant role in the physiological function of macrophages and accelerates the development of diseases caused by macrophage dysfunction and inflammation, such as inflammation-related diseases, cancer, atherosclerosis, and fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the roles of LPA in macrophages, analyze numerous macrophage- and inflammation-associated diseases triggered by LPA, and discuss LPA-targeting therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufan Jiang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China;
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huili Yang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China;
| | - Mingqing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China;
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200080, China
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6
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Cruz-Soca M, Faundez-Contreras J, Córdova-Casanova A, Gallardo FS, Bock-Pereda A, Chun J, Casar JC, Brandan E. Activation of skeletal muscle FAPs by LPA requires the Hippo signaling via the FAK pathway. Matrix Biol 2023; 119:57-81. [PMID: 37137584 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lysophospholipid that signals through six G-protein coupled receptors (LPARs), LPA1 to LPA6. LPA has been described as a potent modulator of fibrosis in different pathologies. In skeletal muscle, LPA increases fibrosis-related proteins and the number of fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). FAPs are the primary source of ECM-secreting myofibroblasts in acute and chronic damage. However, the effect of LPA on FAPs activation in vitro has not been explored. This study aimed to investigate FAPs' response to LPA and the downstream signaling mediators involved. Here, we demonstrated that LPA mediates FAPs activation by increasing their proliferation, expression of myofibroblasts markers, and upregulation of fibrosis-related proteins. Pretreatment with the LPA1/LPA3 antagonist Ki16425 or genetic deletion of LPA1 attenuated the LPA-induced FAPs activation, resulting in decreased expression of cyclin e1, α-SMA, and fibronectin. We also evaluated the activation of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in response to LPA. Our results showed that LPA induces FAK phosphorylation in FAPs. Treatment with the P-FAK inhibitor PF-228 partially prevented the induction of cell responses involved in FAPs activation, suggesting that this pathway mediates LPA signaling. FAK activation controls downstream cell signaling within the cytoplasm, such as the Hippo pathway. LPA induced the dephosphorylation of the transcriptional coactivator YAP (Yes-associated protein) and promoted direct expression of target pathway genes such as Ctgf/Ccn2 and Ccn1. The blockage of YAP transcriptional activity with Super-TDU further confirmed the role of YAP in LPA-induced FAPs activation. Finally, we demonstrated that FAK is required for LPA-dependent YAP dephosphorylation and the induction of Hippo pathway target genes. In conclusion, LPA signals through LPA1 to regulate FAPs activation by activating FAK to control the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilyn Cruz-Soca
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jennifer Faundez-Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adriana Córdova-Casanova
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe S Gallardo
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexia Bock-Pereda
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jerold Chun
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Casar
- Departamento de Neurología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Brandan
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile; Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
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7
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Szeremeta M, Samczuk P, Pietrowska K, Kowalczyk T, Przeslaw K, Sieminska J, Kretowski A, Niemcunowicz-Janica A, Ciborowski M. In Vitro Animal Model for Estimating the Time since Death with Attention to Early Postmortem Stage. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010026. [PMID: 36676951 PMCID: PMC9861157 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) has remained the subject of investigations in forensic medicine for many years. Every kind of death results in changes in metabolites in body tissues and fluids due to lack of oxygen, altered circulation, enzymatic reactions, cellular degradation, and cessation of anabolic production of metabolites. Metabolic changes may provide markers determining the time since death, which is challenging in current analytical and observation-based methods. The study includes metabolomics analysis of blood with the use of an animal model to determine the biochemical changes following death. LC-MS is used to fingerprint postmortem porcine blood. Metabolites, significantly changing in blood after death, are selected and identified using univariate statistics. Fifty-one significant metabolites are found to help estimate the time since death in the early postmortem stage. Hypoxanthine, lactic acid, histidine, and lysophosphatidic acids are found as the most promising markers in estimating an early postmortem stage. Selected lysophosphatidylcholines are also found as significantly increased in blood with postmortal time, but their practical utility as PMI indicators can be limited due to a relatively low increasing rate. The findings demonstrate the great potential of LC-MS-based metabolomics in determining the PMI due to sudden death and provide an experimental basis for applying this attitude in investigating various mechanisms of death. As we assume, our study is also one of the first in which the porcine animal model is used to establish PMI metabolomics biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Szeremeta
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Paulina Samczuk
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Karolina Pietrowska
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Przeslaw
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-328 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Julia Sieminska
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Michal Ciborowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Bialystok, Poland
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8
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Wang X, Liang C, Li A, Cheng G, Long F, Khan R, Wang J, Zhang Y, Wu S, Wang Y, Qiu J, Mei C, Yang W, Zan L. RNA-Seq and lipidomics reveal different adipogenic processes between bovine perirenal and intramuscular adipocytes. Adipocyte 2022; 11:448-462. [PMID: 35941812 PMCID: PMC9367662 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2106051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenesis involves complex interactions between transcription and metabolic signalling. Exploration of the developmental characteristics of intramuscular adipocyte will provide targets for enhancing beef cattle marbling without increasing obesity. Few reports have compared bovine perirenal and intramuscular adipocyte transcriptomes using the combined analysis of transcriptomes and lipid metabolism to explore differences in adipogenic characteristics. We identified perirenal preadipocytes (PRA) and intramuscular preadipocytes (IMA) in Qinchuan cattle. We found that IMA were highly prolific in the early stages of adipogenesis, while PRA shows a stronger adipogenic ability in the terminal differentiation. Bovine perirenal and intramuscular adipocytes were detected through the combined analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome. More triglyceride was found to be upregulated in perirenal adipocytes; however, more types and amounts of unsaturated fatty acids were detected in intramuscular adipocytes, including eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n-3; EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3; DHA). Furthermore, differentially expressed genes in perirenal and intramuscular adipocytes were positively correlated with the eicosanoid, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), and sphingomyelin contents. Associated differential metabolic pathways included the glycerolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolisms. Our research findings provide a basis for the screening of key metabolic pathways or genes and metabolites involved in intramuscular fat production in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengcheng Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Long
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rajwali Khan
- Department of Livestock Management, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jianfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Longri Breeding Farm of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Sen Wu
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Qinghai, Xining, China
| | - Yujuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ju Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chugang Mei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wucai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.,National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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9
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Wang Z, Qi H, Zhang Y, Sun H, Dong J, Wang H. PLPP2: Potential therapeutic target of breast cancer in PLPP family. Immunobiology 2022; 227:152298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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10
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Advances in Plant Lipid Metabolism Responses to Phosphate Scarcity. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172238. [PMID: 36079619 PMCID: PMC9460063 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low phosphate (Pi) availability in soils severely limits crop growth and production. Plants have evolved to have numerous physiological and molecular adaptive mechanisms to cope with Pi starvation. The release of Pi from membrane phospholipids is considered to improve plant phosphorus (P) utilization efficiency in response to Pi starvation and accompanies membrane lipid remodeling. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries related to this topic and the molecular basis of membrane phospholipid alteration and triacylglycerol metabolism in response to Pi depletion in plants at different subcellular levels. These findings will help to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to Pi starvation and thus help to develop crop cultivars with high P utilization efficiency.
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11
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Grewe JM, Knapstein PR, Donat A, Jiang S, Smit DJ, Xie W, Keller J. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in bone remodeling and osteoporosis. Bone Res 2022; 10:34. [PMID: 35396384 PMCID: PMC8993882 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-022-00205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease that affects more than 200 million people worldwide and is caused by the disruption of the equilibrium between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a natural, bioactive sphingolipid that has been shown to play a major role in cardiovascular and immunological pathologies by regulating biological and cellular processes, including migration, differentiation, proliferation and survival. Recent studies also suggest a central role for S1P in bone diseases, including osteoporosis; however, the effects of S1P, particularly in bone metabolism, remain to be further elucidated. In this review, we summarize the available literature on the role of S1P in bone metabolism with a focus on osteoporosis. On the cellular level, S1P acts as an osteoclast-osteoblast coupling factor to promote osteoblast proliferation and bone formation. Moreover, the recruitment of osteoclast precursors to resorption sites is regulated by the interplay of S1P gradients and S1P receptor expression. From a clinical perspective, increasing evidence suggests that systemically elevated S1P blood levels may serve as an independent risk factor for osteoporosis-related fractures. Taken together, S1P signaling is a potential therapeutic target and may serve as a novel biomarker in patients with systemic bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus M Grewe
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.,Clinic and Polyclinic for Vascular Medicine, University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paul-Richard Knapstein
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Antonia Donat
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel J Smit
- Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Weixin Xie
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Keller
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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12
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Vishwakarma S, Joshi D, Pandey R, Das S, Mukhopadhyay S, Rai R, Singhal R, Kapoor N, Kumar A. Downregulation of Lipid Phosphate Phosphatase 3 Correlates With Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Oral Cancer. Cureus 2022; 14:e23553. [PMID: 35494957 PMCID: PMC9045791 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent oncogenic lipid. Intracellular levels of S1P are tightly regulated by eight S1P-metabolizing enzymes. S1P synthesis is catalyzed by two sphingosine kinases, i.e., sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2). Five lipid phosphatases (two S1P phosphatases and lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) 1, 2, and 3) reversibly convert S1P back to sphingosine. Previously, we have determined the mRNA expression profile of eight S1P-metabolizing enzymes in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Except for SphK1, the role of S1P-metabolizing enzymes in OSCC has been poorly studied. Methods We have determined the protein expression of four S1P-metabolizing enzymes (SphK1, SphK2, sphingosine-1-phosphate phosphatase 1 (SGPP1), and lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3)) by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in tumor tissues of 46 OSCC patients. Six subjects with non-dysplastic oral mucosa were also included in the study. The immunoreactivity score (IRS) was calculated for each protein in every subject. Further, we determined the associations of expression of S1P-metabolizing enzymes with clinicopathological features of OSCC patients. Results We demonstrate the low IRS for SphK2 and LPP3 in OSCC tumors. Importantly, expression of SphK2 and LPP3 was downregulated in malignant epithelial cells compared to non-malignant mucosa. Further, LPP3 expression negatively correlated with tumor‑node‑metastasis (TNM) staging of patients (r = −0.307, p = 0.043). Importantly, expression of LPP3 in tumors was found to be an independent predictor of perinodal extension (b = −0.440, p = 0.009), lymphovascular invasion (b = −0.614, p < 0.001), lymph node ratio (b = 0.336, p = 0.039), and TNM staging (b = −0.364, p = 0.030). Conclusion Taken together, our data show that expression of SphK2 and LPP3 is decreased compared to normal mucosa. Thus, the S1P signaling pathway could represent a potential therapeutic target.
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13
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Hirata N, Yamada S, Yanagida S, Ono A, Yasuhiko Y, Nishida M, Kanda Y. Lysophosphatidic Acid Promotes the Expansion of Cancer Stem Cells via TRPC3 Channels in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041967. [PMID: 35216080 PMCID: PMC8877950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive cancer for which targeted therapeutic agents are limited. Growing evidence suggests that TNBC originates from breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms controlling BCSC proliferation will be crucial for new drug development. We have previously reported that the lysosphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate mediates the CSC phenotype, which can be identified as the ALDH-positive cell population in several types of human cancer cell lines. In this study, we have investigated additional lipid receptors upregulated in BCSCs. We found that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor 3 was highly expressed in ALDH-positive TNBC cells. The LPAR3 antagonist inhibited the increase in ALDH-positive cells after LPA treatment. Mechanistically, the LPA-induced increase in ALDH-positive cells was dependent on intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+), and the increase in Ca2+ was suppressed by a selective inhibitor of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 3 (TRPC3). Moreover, IL-8 production was involved in the LPA response via the activation of the Ca2+-dependent transcriptional factor nuclear factor of activated T cells. Taken together, our findings provide new insights into the lipid-mediated regulation of BCSCs via the LPA-TRPC3 signaling axis and suggest several potential therapeutic targets for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Hirata
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (N.H.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Pharmacological Evaluation Institute of Japan (PEIJ), Ibaraki 305-0031, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamada
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (N.H.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Pharmacological Evaluation Institute of Japan (PEIJ), Ibaraki 305-0031, Japan
| | - Shota Yanagida
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (N.H.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduated School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Yukuto Yasuhiko
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (N.H.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yasunari Kanda
- Division of Pharmacology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan; (N.H.); (S.Y.); (S.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Abstract
Lysophospholipids, exemplified by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), are produced by the metabolism and perturbation of biological membranes. Both molecules are established extracellular lipid mediators that signal via specific G protein-coupled receptors in vertebrates. This widespread signaling axis regulates the development, physiological functions, and pathological processes of all organ systems. Indeed, recent research into LPA and S1P has revealed their important roles in cellular stress signaling, inflammation, resolution, and host defense responses. In this review, we focus on how LPA regulates fibrosis, neuropathic pain, abnormal angiogenesis, endometriosis, and disorders of neuroectodermal development such as hydrocephalus and alopecia. In addition, we discuss how S1P controls collective behavior, apoptotic cell clearance, and immunosurveillance of cancers. Advances in lysophospholipid research have led to new therapeutics in autoimmune diseases, with many more in earlier stages of development for a wide variety of diseases, such as fibrotic disorders, vascular diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; , .,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; , .,AMED-LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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15
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Autotaxin-LPA-LPP3 Axis in Energy Metabolism and Metabolic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179575. [PMID: 34502491 PMCID: PMC8431043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides serving as a structural membrane component and intermediate of the glycerolipid metabolism, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has a prominent role as a signaling molecule through its binding to LPA receptors at the cell surface. Extracellular LPA is primarily produced from lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) through the activity of secreted lysophospholipase D, autotaxin (ATX). The degradation of extracellular LPA to monoacylglycerol is mediated by lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) at the cell membrane. This review summarizes and interprets current literature on the role of the ATX-LPA-LPP3 axis in the regulation of energy homeostasis, insulin function, and adiposity at baseline and under conditions of obesity. We also discuss how the ATX-LPA-LPP3 axis influences obesity-related metabolic complications, including insulin resistance, fatty liver disease, and cardiomyopathy.
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16
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Lehmann M. Diverse roles of phosphatidate phosphatases in insect development and metabolism. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 133:103469. [PMID: 32931938 PMCID: PMC7952469 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2020.103469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The conversion of the glycerophospholipid phosphatidic acid (PA) into diacylglycerol (DAG) is essential for the biosynthesis of membrane phospholipids and storage fats. Importantly, both PA and DAG can also serve signaling functions in the cell. The dephosphorylation of PA that yields DAG can be executed by two different classes of enzymes, Mg2+-dependent lipins and Mg2+-independent lipid phosphate phosphatases. Here, I will discuss the current status of research directed at understanding the roles of these enzymes in insect development and metabolism. Special emphasis will be given to studies in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lehmann
- Department of Biological Sciences, SCEN 601, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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17
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Rhee JE, Choi JH, Park JH, Lee G, Pak B, Kwon SH, Jeon SH. CG11426 gene product negatively regulates glial population size in the Drosophila eye imaginal disc. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:805-816. [PMID: 34047015 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Glial cells play essential roles in the nervous system. Although glial populations are tightly regulated, the mechanisms regulating the population size remain poorly understood. Since Drosophila glial cells are similar to the human counterparts in their functions and shapes, rendering them an excellent model system to understand the human glia biology. Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) are important for regulating bioactive lipids. In Drosophila, there are three known LPP-encoding genes: wunen, wunen-2, and lazaro. The wunens are important for germ cell migration and survival and septate junction formation during tracheal development. Lazaro is involved in phototransduction. In the present study, we characterized a novel Drosophila LPP-encoding gene, CG11426. Suppression of CG11426 increased glial cell number in the eye imaginal disc during larval development, while ectopic CG11426 expression decreased it. Both types of mutation also caused defects in axon projection to the optic lobe in larval eye-brain complexes. Moreover, CG11426 promoted apoptosis via inhibiting ERK signaling in the eye imaginal disc. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that CG11426 gene product negatively regulates ERK signaling to promote apoptosis for proper maintenance of the glial population in the developing eye disc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Rhee
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hyeon Choi
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae H Park
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Neuronet Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Gyunghee Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, and Neuronet Research Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Banya Pak
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hak Jeon
- Department of Biology Education, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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18
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Goto H, Miyamoto M, Kihara A. Direct uptake of sphingosine-1-phosphate independent of phospholipid phosphatases. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100605. [PMID: 33785361 PMCID: PMC8093947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid mediator that is relatively abundant in plasma and plays an important role in the vascular and immune systems. To date, the only known mechanism for removing S1P from plasma has been dephosphorylation by phospholipid phosphatases (PLPPs) on the surface of cells in contact with the plasma. However, there remains a possibility that PLPP-independent dephosphorylation or direct S1P uptake into cells could occur. To examine these possibilities, here we generated triple KO (TKO) HAP1 cells that lacked all PLPPs (PLPP1–3) present in mammals. In the TKO cells, the intracellular metabolism of externally added deuterium-labeled S1P to ceramide was reduced to 17% compared with the WT cells, indicating that most extracellular S1P is dephosphorylated by PLPPs and then taken up into cells. However, this result also reveals the existence of a PLPP-independent S1P uptake pathway. Tracer experiments using [32P]S1P showed the existence of a direct S1P uptake pathway that functions without prior dephosphorylation. Overexpression of sphingolipid transporter 2 (SPNS2) or of major facilitator superfamily domain containing 2B (MFSD2B), both known S1P efflux transporters, in TKO cells increased the direct uptake of S1P, whereas KO of MFSD2B in TKO cells reduced this uptake. These results suggest that these are channel-type transporters and capable of not only exporting but also importing S1P. Furthermore, we observed that erythroid cells expressing MFSD2B, exhibited high S1P uptake activity. Our findings describing direct S1P uptake may contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that regulate plasma S1P concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Goto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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19
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Iwama T, Kano K, Saigusa D, Ekroos K, van Echten-Deckert G, Vogt J, Aoki J. Development of an On-Tissue Derivatization Method for MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Bioactive Lipids Containing Phosphate Monoester Using Phos-tag. Anal Chem 2021; 93:3867-3875. [PMID: 33577289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is an emerging label-free method for mapping the distribution of diverse molecular species in tissue sections. Despite recent progress in MALDI-MSI analyses of lipids, it is still difficult to visualize minor bioactive lipids including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Here, we have developed a novel on-tissue derivatization method using Phos-tag, a zinc complex that specifically binds to a phosphate monoester group. MALDI-MSI with Phos-tag derivatization made it possible to image LPA and S1P in the murine brain. Furthermore, we were able to visualize other low-abundance lipids containing phosphate monoester, such as phosphatidic acid and ceramide-1-phosphate. Compared with conventional MALDI-MS, this derivatization produced LPA images with high spatial accuracy discriminating LPA artificially produced during MALDI-MS analysis. In mice with deficiencies in enzymes that degrade LPA and S1P, we observed marked S1P and/or LPA accumulation in specific regions of the brain. Thus, the present study provides a simple and optimal way to reveal the spatial localization of potent bioactive lipid phosphates such as LPA and S1P in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Iwama
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan.,AMED-LEAP, Tokyo100-0004, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- AMED-LEAP, Tokyo100-0004, Japan.,Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan.,Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kim Ekroos
- Lipidomics Consulting Ltd., 02230 Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Johannes Vogt
- Department of Molecular and Translational Neurosciences, University Medical Hospital, University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8577, Japan.,AMED-LEAP, Tokyo100-0004, Japan
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20
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Role of bioactive sphingolipids in physiology and pathology. Essays Biochem 2021; 64:579-589. [PMID: 32579188 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are a class of complex lipids containing a backbone of sphingoid bases, namely the organic aliphatic amino alcohol sphingosine (Sph), that are essential constituents of eukaryotic cells. They were first described as major components of cell membrane architecture, but it is now well established that some sphingolipids are bioactive and can regulate key biological functions. These include cell growth and survival, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, autophagy, cell migration, or organogenesis. Furthermore, some bioactive sphingolipids are implicated in pathological processes including inflammation-associated illnesses such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease (namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis), type II diabetes, obesity, and cancer. A major sphingolipid metabolite is ceramide, which is the core of sphingolipid metabolism and can act as second messenger, especially when it is produced at the plasma membrane of cells. Ceramides promote cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. However, ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P), the product of ceramide kinase (CerK), and Sph 1-phosphate (S1P), which is generated by the action of Sph kinases (SphK), stimulate cell proliferation and inhibit apoptosis. Recently, C1P has been implicated in the spontaneous migration of cells from some types of cancer, and can enhance cell migration/invasion of malignant cells through interaction with a Gi protein-coupled receptor. In addition, CerK and SphK are implicated in inflammatory responses, some of which are associated with cancer progression and metastasis. Hence, targeting these sphingolipid kinases to inhibit C1P or S1P production, or blockade of their receptors might contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to reduce metabolic alterations and disease.
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21
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Geraldo LHM, Spohr TCLDS, Amaral RFD, Fonseca ACCD, Garcia C, Mendes FDA, Freitas C, dosSantos MF, Lima FRS. Role of lysophosphatidic acid and its receptors in health and disease: novel therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:45. [PMID: 33526777 PMCID: PMC7851145 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00367-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an abundant bioactive phospholipid, with multiple functions both in development and in pathological conditions. Here, we review the literature about the differential signaling of LPA through its specific receptors, which makes this lipid a versatile signaling molecule. This differential signaling is important for understanding how this molecule can have such diverse effects during central nervous system development and angiogenesis; and also, how it can act as a powerful mediator of pathological conditions, such as neuropathic pain, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer progression. Ultimately, we review the preclinical and clinical uses of Autotaxin, LPA, and its receptors as therapeutic targets, approaching the most recent data of promising molecules modulating both LPA production and signaling. This review aims to summarize the most update knowledge about the mechanisms of LPA production and signaling in order to understand its biological functions in the central nervous system both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Henrique Medeiros Geraldo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Celina Garcia
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio de Almeida Mendes
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Catarina Freitas
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Fabio dosSantos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia Regina Souza Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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22
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Suppressing postcollection lysophosphatidic acid metabolism improves the precision of plasma LPA quantification. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100029. [PMID: 33524376 PMCID: PMC7937979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a potent signaling lipid, and state-dependent alterations in plasma LPA make it a promising diagnostic marker for various diseases. However, plasma LPA concentrations vary widely among reports, even under normal conditions. These variations can be attributed, at least in part, to the artificial metabolism of LPA after blood collection. Here, we aimed to develop an optimized plasma preparation method that reflects the concentration of LPA in the circulating blood. The main features of the devised method were suppression of both LPA production and degradation after blood collection by keeping whole blood samples at low temperature followed by the addition of an autotaxin inhibitor to plasma samples. Using this devised method, the LPA level did not change for 30 min after blood collection. Also, human and mouse LPA levels were found to be much lower than those previously reported, ranging from 40 to 50 nM with minimal variation across the individual. Finally, the increased accuracy made it possible to detect circadian rhythms in the levels of certain LPA species in mouse plasma. These results demonstrate the usefulness of the devised plasma preparation method to determine accurate plasma LPA concentrations.
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23
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Claus RA, Graeler MH. Sphingolipidomics in Translational Sepsis Research-Biomedical Considerations and Perspectives. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:616578. [PMID: 33553212 PMCID: PMC7854573 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.616578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific Background: Sphingolipids are a highly diverse group of lipids with respect to physicochemical properties controlling either structure, distribution, or function, all of them regulating cellular response in health and disease. Mass spectrometry, on the other hand, is an analytical technique characterizing ionized molecules or fragments thereof by mass-to-charge ratios, which has been prosperingly developed for rapid and reliable qualitative and quantitative identification of lipid species. Parallel to best performance of in-depth chromatographical separation of lipid classes, preconditions of precise quantitation of unique molecular species by preprocessing of biological samples have to be fulfilled. As a consequence, “lipid profiles” across model systems and human individuals, esp. complex (clinical) samples, have become eminent over the last couple of years due to sensitivity, specificity, and discriminatory capability. Therefore, it is significance to consider the entire experimental strategy from sample collection and preparation, data acquisition, analysis, and interpretation. Areas Covered: In this review, we outline considerations with clinical (i.e., human) samples with special emphasis on sample handling, specific physicochemical properties, target measurements, and resulting profiling of sphingolipids in biomedicine and translational research to maximize sensitivity and specificity as well as to provide robust and reproducible results. A brief commentary is also provided regarding new insights of “clinical sphingolipidomics” in translational sepsis research. Expert Opinion: The role of mass spectrometry of sphingolipids and related species (“sphingolipidomics”) to investigate cellular and compartment-specific response to stress, e.g., in generalized infection and sepsis, is on the rise and the ability to integrate multiple datasets from diverse classes of biomolecules by mass spectrometry measurements and metabolomics will be crucial to fostering our understanding of human health as well as response to disease and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf A Claus
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sepsis Research, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H Graeler
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Sepsis Research, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Sepsis Care & Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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24
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Engelbrecht E, MacRae CA, Hla T. Lysolipids in Vascular Development, Biology, and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:564-584. [PMID: 33327749 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.305565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Membrane phospholipid metabolism forms lysophospholipids, which possess unique biochemical and biophysical properties that influence membrane structure and dynamics. However, lysophospholipids also function as ligands for G-protein-coupled receptors that influence embryonic development, postnatal physiology, and disease. The 2 most well-studied species-lysophosphatidic acid and S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate)-are particularly relevant to vascular development, physiology, and cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the role of lysophosphatidic acid and S1P in vascular developmental processes, endothelial cell biology, and their roles in cardiovascular disease processes. In addition, we also point out the apparent connections between lysophospholipid biology and the Wnt (int/wingless family) pathway, an evolutionarily conserved fundamental developmental signaling system. The discovery that components of the lysophospholipid signaling system are key genetic determinants of cardiovascular disease has warranted current and future research in this field. As pharmacological approaches to modulate lysophospholipid signaling have entered the clinical sphere, new findings in this field promise to influence novel therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Engelbrecht
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery (E.E., T.H.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine (C.A.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery (E.E., T.H.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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25
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Nema R, Shrivastava A, Kumar A. Prognostic role of lipid phosphate phosphatases in non-smoker, lung adenocarcinoma patients. Comput Biol Med 2020; 129:104141. [PMID: 33260104 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid, plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis. It mediates its function through S1P receptors. A few components of the S1P signaling pathway, such as sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1), have been shown to contribute to lung carcinogenesis. In the present study, using web-based computational tools, we assessed the prognostic roles of eight S1P metabolizing enzymes and five S1P receptors in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Except for SPHK1, low expression of S1P metabolizing enzymes was correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients. Moreover, lower expression of lipid phosphate phosphatase-1 and - 3 (PLPP1 and PLPP3) was significantly associated with worse OS in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and non-smoker NSCLC patients. Furthermore, the UALCAN database analysis showed that mRNA and protein expression of PLPP3 and S1PR1 are significantly down regulated in primary tumors due to hypermethylation of their respective promoters. Expression of PLPP3, S1PR1, and S1PR4 was positively correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in NSCLC patients. These results indicate that S1P signaling genes play a critical prognostic role in LUAD patients. Therefore, this gene signature could be used to predict their prognosis more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Nema
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, 462020, India
| | - Ashutosh Shrivastava
- Centre for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, 226003, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Bhopal, Saket Nagar, Bhopal, 462020, India.
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Interface of Phospholipase Activity, Immune Cell Function, and Atherosclerosis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101449. [PMID: 33076403 PMCID: PMC7602611 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases are a family of lipid-altering enzymes that can either reduce or increase bioactive lipid levels. Bioactive lipids elicit signaling responses, activate transcription factors, promote G-coupled-protein activity, and modulate membrane fluidity, which mediates cellular function. Phospholipases and the bioactive lipids they produce are important regulators of immune cell activity, dictating both pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving activity. During atherosclerosis, pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving activities govern atherosclerosis progression and regression, respectively. This review will look at the interface of phospholipase activity, immune cell function, and atherosclerosis.
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Lutkewitte AJ, Finck BN. Regulation of Signaling and Metabolism by Lipin-mediated Phosphatidic Acid Phosphohydrolase Activity. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1386. [PMID: 33003344 PMCID: PMC7600782 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidic acid (PA) is a glycerophospholipid intermediate in the triglyceride synthesis pathway that has incredibly important structural functions as a component of cell membranes and dynamic effects on intracellular and intercellular signaling pathways. Although there are many pathways to synthesize and degrade PA, a family of PA phosphohydrolases (lipin family proteins) that generate diacylglycerol constitute the primary pathway for PA incorporation into triglycerides. Previously, it was believed that the pool of PA used to synthesize triglyceride was distinct, compartmentalized, and did not widely intersect with signaling pathways. However, we now know that modulating the activity of lipin 1 has profound effects on signaling in a variety of cell types. Indeed, in most tissues except adipose tissue, lipin-mediated PA phosphohydrolase activity is far from limiting for normal rates of triglyceride synthesis, but rather impacts critical signaling cascades that control cellular homeostasis. In this review, we will discuss how lipin-mediated control of PA concentrations regulates metabolism and signaling in mammalian organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian N. Finck
- Center for Human Nutrition, Division of Geriatrics and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8031, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
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Abstract
Phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) catalyzes the penultimate step in the synthesis of triacylglycerol and regulates the synthesis of membrane phospholipids. There is much interest in this enzyme because it controls the cellular levels of its substrate, phosphatidate (PA), and product, DAG; defects in the metabolism of these lipid intermediates are the basis for lipid-based diseases such as obesity, lipodystrophy, and inflammation. The measurement of PAP activity is required for studies aimed at understanding its mechanisms of action, how it is regulated, and for screening its activators and/or inhibitors. Enzyme activity is determined through the use of radioactive and nonradioactive assays that measure the product, DAG, or Pi However, sensitivity and ease of use are variable across these methods. This review summarizes approaches to synthesize radioactive PA, to analyze radioactive and nonradioactive products, DAG and Pi, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each PAP assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabuddha Dey
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Gil-Soo Han
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - George M Carman
- Department of Food Science and the Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
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Briand-Mésange F, Pons V, Allart S, Masquelier J, Chicanne G, Beton N, Payrastre B, Muccioli GG, Ausseil J, Davignon JL, Salles JP, Chap H. Glycerophosphodiesterase 3 (GDE3) is a lysophosphatidylinositol-specific ectophospholipase C acting as an endocannabinoid signaling switch. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:15767-15781. [PMID: 32917725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endocannabinoid signaling plays a regulatory role in various (neuro)biological functions. 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) is the most abundant endocannabinoid, and although its canonical biosynthetic pathway involving phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C and diacylglycerol lipase α is known, alternative pathways remain unsettled. Here, we characterize a noncanonical pathway implicating glycerophosphodiesterase 3 (GDE3, from GDPD2 gene). Human GDE3 expressed in HEK293T cell membranes catalyzed the conversion of lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) into monoacylglycerol and inositol-1-phosphate. The enzyme was equally active against 1-acyl and 2-acyl LPI. When using 2-acyl LPI, where arachidonic acid is the predominant fatty acid, LC-MS analysis identified 2-AG as the main product of LPI hydrolysis by GDE3. Furthermore, inositol-1-phosphate release into the medium occurred upon addition of LPI to intact cells, suggesting that GDE3 is actually an ecto-lysophospholipase C. In cells expressing G-protein-coupled receptor GPR55, GDE3 abolished 1-acyl LPI-induced signaling. In contrast, upon simultaneous ex-pression of GDE3 and cannabinoid receptor CB2, 2-acyl LPI evoked the same signal as that induced by 2-AG. These data strongly suggest that, in addition to degrading the GPR55 LPI ligand, GDE3 can act as a switch between GPR55 and CB2 signaling. Coincident with a major expression of both GDE3 and CB2 in the spleen, spleens from transgenic mice lacking GDE3 displayed doubling of LPI content compared with WT mice. Decreased production of 2-AG in whole spleen was also observed, supporting the in vivo relevance of our findings. These data thus open a new research avenue in the field of endocannabinoid generation and reinforce the view of GPR55 and LPI being genuine actors of the endocannabinoid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Briand-Mésange
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Véronique Pons
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Allart
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Masquelier
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Chicanne
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Beton
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Payrastre
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ausseil
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Davignon
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Salles
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Hugues Chap
- Center for Physiopathology of Toulouse Purpan, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France; National Center for Scientific Research, Toulouse, France; National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
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Tang X, Brindley DN. Lipid Phosphate Phosphatases and Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091263. [PMID: 32887262 PMCID: PMC7564803 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs) are a group of three enzymes (LPP1–3) that belong to a phospholipid phosphatase (PLPP) family. The LPPs dephosphorylate a wide spectrum of bioactive lipid phosphates, among which lysophosphatidate (LPA) and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) are two important extracellular signaling molecules. The LPPs are integral membrane proteins, which are localized on plasma membranes and intracellular membranes, including the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi network. LPPs regulate signaling transduction in cancer cells and demonstrate different effects in cancer progression through the breakdown of extracellular LPA and S1P and other intracellular substrates. This review is intended to summarize an up-to-date understanding about the functions of LPPs in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - David N. Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada;
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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A novel signature based on microvascular invasion predicts the recurrence of HCC. J Transl Med 2020; 18:272. [PMID: 32631357 PMCID: PMC7336478 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, microvascular invasion (MVI) is associated with worse outcomes regardless of treatment. No single reliable preoperative factor exists to predict MVI. The aim of the work described here was to develop a new MVI− based mRNA biomarker to differentiate between high and low risk patients. Methods Using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we collected data from 315 HCC patients, including mRNA expression and complete clinical data. We generated a seven-mRNA signature to predict patient outcomes. The mRNA signature was validated using the GSE36376 cohort. Finally, we tested the formula in our own 53 HCC patients using qPCR for the seven mRNAs and analyzing the computed tomography (CT) features. Results This seven‐mRNA signature significantly correlated with length of recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) for both the training and validation groups. RFS and OS were briefer in high risk versus low risk patients. A Kaplan–Meier analysis also indicated that survival time was significantly shortened in the high risk group versus the low risk group. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated good predictive performance for the seven-mRNA signature. The mRNA signature also acts as an independent factor according to a Multivariate analysis. Our results are consistent with the seven-mRNA formula risk score. Conclusion Our research showed a novel seven-mRNA biomarker based on MVI predicting RFS and OS in HCC patients. This mRNA signature can stratify patients into subgroups based on their risk of recurrence to help guide individualized treatment and precision management in HCC.
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Ambaw YA, Wong T, Chong R, Ah H, Ji S, Raida M, Torta F, Wenk MR, Tong L. Change of tear lipid mediators in a post-trabeculectomy cohort. Ocul Surf 2020; 18:565-574. [PMID: 32622916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Trabeculectomy surgery could affect ocular surface disease (OSD) in several ways, through cessation of long term glaucoma eyedrops, exposure to operative mitomycin C and post-operative eyedrops including corticosteroids and aminoglycosides and reduction in eyelid hygiene measures. Previously we showed the relevance of tear lipid mediators (also referred oxylipins) in OSD. Here, we aim to evaluate changes of these lipids in a post-trabeculectomy cohort. METHODS Patients undergoing trabeculectomy were prospectively evaluated and had tear collected using Schirmer's strips, preoperatively and postoperatively at 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 years. Lipid mediators were analyzed using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. RESULTS The normalized concentrations of 40 lipid mediators were between 0.1 and 8.0 ng/mL, whereas docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), Arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ranged up to a few hundred ng/mL. The concentrations of lipid mediators, except DHA, EPA, and thromboxane (TXB1), showed reduction after surgery. At the last visit, these lipids were significantly reduced by 1/3 to ½, compared to pre-operative values: 8-HETE, 15-HETE, 15-oxoETE, 11-HDoHE, 17-HDoHE, and 20-OH-LTB4. To examine collective changes of lipids, clustering analysis revealed 10 groups of lipids consistent with known metabolic pathways. RESULTS An increase in the level of 2,3-dinor-8-isoPGF2α between 0 and 0.5 year was associated with inferior corneal staining at 0.5 year. In 14 patients who required post-operative needling, six lipid mediators were found to be significantly higher at 1.0 year compared to non-needled patients. CONCLUSIONS In this 3-years study, trabeculectomy reduced the tear level of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Patients who required needling of the bleb to maintain surgical success may have a chronic underlying inflammatory process associated with fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Abere Ambaw
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Univeristy, USA.
| | - Tina Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore; Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Eye-Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
| | - Rachel Chong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Glaucoma, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore
| | - Hou Ah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Ji
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manfred Raida
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Lipidomics Incubator, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore; Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore; Eye-Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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Sudhadevi T, Ha AW, Ebenezer DL, Fu P, Putherickal V, Natarajan V, Harijith A. Advancements in understanding the role of lysophospholipids and their receptors in lung disorders including bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158685. [PMID: 32169655 PMCID: PMC7206974 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a devastating chronic neonatal lung disease leading to serious adverse consequences. Nearly 15 million babies are born preterm accounting for >1 in 10 births globally. The aetiology of BPD is multifactorial and the survivors suffer lifelong respiratory morbidity. Lysophospholipids (LPL), which include sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are both naturally occurring bioactive lipids involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as cell survival, death, proliferation, migration, immune responses and vascular development. Altered LPL levels have been observed in a number of lung diseases including BPD, which underscores the importance of these signalling lipids under normal and pathophysiological situations. Due to the paucity of information related to LPLs in BPD, most of the ideas related to BPD and LPL are speculative. This article is intended to promote discussion and generate hypotheses, in addition to the limited review of information related to BPD already established in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Sudhadevi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Alison W Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - David L Ebenezer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Vijay Putherickal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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Synergistic Effect of WTC-Particulate Matter and Lysophosphatidic Acid Exposure and the Role of RAGE: In-Vitro and Translational Assessment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124318. [PMID: 32560330 PMCID: PMC7344461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
World Trade Center particulate matter (WTC-PM)-exposed firefighters with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) have a higher risk of WTC lung injury (WTC-LI). Since macrophages are crucial innate pulmonary mediators, we investigated WTC-PM/lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) co-exposure in macrophages. LPA, a low-density lipoprotein metabolite, is a ligand of the advanced glycation end-products receptor (AGER or RAGE). LPA and RAGE are biomarkers of WTC-LI. Human and murine macrophages were exposed to WTC-PM, and/or LPA, and compared to controls. Supernatants were assessed for cytokines/chemokines; cell lysate immunoblots were assessed for signaling intermediates after 24 h. To explore the translatability of our in-vitro findings, we assessed serum cytokines/chemokines and metabolites of symptomatic, never-smoking WTC-exposed firefighters. Agglomerative hierarchical clustering identified phenotypes of WTC-PM-induced inflammation. WTC-PM induced GM-CSF, IL-8, IL-10, and MCP-1 in THP-1-derived macrophages and induced IL-1α, IL-10, TNF-α, and NF-κB in RAW264.7 murine macrophage-like cells. Co-exposure induced synergistic elaboration of IL-10 and MCP-1 in THP-1-derived macrophages. Similarly, co-exposure synergistically induced IL-10 in murine macrophages. Synergistic effects were seen in the context of a downregulation of NF-κB, p-Akt, -STAT3, and -STAT5b. RAGE expression after co-exposure increased in murine macrophages compared to controls. In our integrated analysis, the human cytokine/chemokine biomarker profile of WTC-LI was associated with discriminatory metabolites (fatty acids, sphingolipids, and amino acids). LPA synergistically elaborated WTC-PM’s inflammatory effects in vitro and was partly RAGE-mediated. Further research will focus on the intersection of MetSyn/PM exposure.
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Grbčić P, Sedić M. Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Signaling and Metabolism in Chemoprevention and Chemoresistance in Colon Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:E2436. [PMID: 32456134 PMCID: PMC7287727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advances in prevention and treatment modalities for CRC, rapidly developing resistance to chemotherapy limits its effectiveness. For that reason, it is important to better understand the mechanisms that undergird the process of chemoresistance to enable design of novel anticancer agents specifically targeting malignant properties of cancer cells. Over recent decades, bioactive sphingolipid species have come under the spotlight for their recognized role in cancer development and progression, and the evidence has surfaced to support their role as regulators of anti-cancer drug resistance. Colon cancer is characterized by a shift in sphingolipid balance that favors the production and accumulation of oncogenic species such as sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is known to govern the processes that facilitate cancer cell growth and progression including proliferation, survival, migration, invasion and inflammation. In this review paper, we will give a comprehensive overview of current literature findings on the molecular mechanisms by which S1P turnover, transport and signaling via receptor-dependent and independent pathways shape colon cancer cell behavior and influence treatment outcome in colon cancer. Combining available modulators of S1P metabolism and signaling with standard chemotherapy drugs could provide a rational approach to achieve enhanced therapeutic response, diminish chemoresistance development and improve the survival outcome in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirela Sedić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;
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Tang X, Benesch MGK, Brindley DN. Role of the autotaxin-lysophosphatidate axis in the development of resistance to cancer therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158716. [PMID: 32305571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme that hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine to produce lysophosphatidate (LPA), which signals through six G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Signaling through LPA is terminated by its degradation by a family of three lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPPs). LPP1 also attenuates signaling downstream of the activation of LPA receptors and some other GPCRs. The ATX-LPA axis mediates a plethora of activities such as cell proliferation, survival, migration, angiogenesis and inflammation, which perform an important role in facilitating wound healing. This wound healing response is hijacked by cancers where there is decreased expression of LPP1 and LPP3 and increased expression of ATX. This maladaptive regulation of LPA signaling also causes chronic inflammation, which has been recognized as one of the hallmarks in cancer. The increased LPA signaling promotes cell survival and migration and attenuates apoptosis, which stimulates tumor growth and metastasis. The wound healing functions of increased LPA signaling also protect cancer cells from effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this review, we will summarize knowledge of the ATX-LPA axis and its role in the development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. We will also offer insights for developing strategies of targeting ATX-LPA axis as a novel part of cancer treatment. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lysophospholipids and their receptors: New data and new insights into their function edited by Susan Smyth, Viswanathan Natarajan and Colleen McMullen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Tang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2S2, Canada; Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Matthew G K Benesch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2S2, Canada; Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2S2, Canada; Discipline of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - David N Brindley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2S2, Canada; Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2S2, Canada.
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Ebenezer DL, Fu P, Ramchandran R, Ha AW, Putherickal V, Sudhadevi T, Harijith A, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Natarajan V. S1P and plasmalogen derived fatty aldehydes in cellular signaling and functions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158681. [PMID: 32171908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain fatty aldehydes are present in low concentrations in mammalian cells and serve as intermediates in the interconversion between fatty acids and fatty alcohols. The long-chain fatty aldehydes are generated by enzymatic hydrolysis of 1-alkyl-, and 1-alkenyl-glycerophospholipids by alkylglycerol monooxygenase, plasmalogenase or lysoplasmalogenase while hydrolysis of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) by S1P lyase generates trans ∆2-hexadecenal (∆2-HDE). Additionally, 2-chloro-, and 2-bromo- fatty aldehydes are produced from plasmalogens or lysoplasmalogens by hypochlorous, and hypobromous acid generated by activated neutrophils and eosinophils, respectively while 2-iodofatty aldehydes are produced by excess iodine in thyroid glands. The 2-halofatty aldehydes and ∆2-HDE activated JNK signaling, BAX, cytoskeletal reorganization and apoptosis in mammalian cells. Further, 2-chloro- and 2-bromo-fatty aldehydes formed GSH and protein adducts while ∆2-HDE formed adducts with GSH, deoxyguanosine in DNA and proteins such as HDAC1 in vitro. ∆2-HDE also modulated HDAC activity and stimulated H3 and H4 histone acetylation in vitro with lung epithelial cell nuclear preparations. The α-halo fatty aldehydes elicited endothelial dysfunction, cellular toxicity and tissue damage. Taken together, these investigations suggest a new role for long-chain fatty aldehydes as signaling lipids, ability to form adducts with GSH, proteins such as HDACs and regulate cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Ebenezer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Ramaswamy Ramchandran
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Alison W Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Vijay Putherickal
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Tara Sudhadevi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Anantha Harijith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Germany; Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-, Essen, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
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The roles of autotaxin/lysophosphatidic acid in immune regulation and asthma. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158641. [PMID: 32004685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) species are present in almost all organ systems and play diverse roles through its receptors. Asthma is an airway disease characterized by chronic allergic inflammation where various innate and adaptive immune cells participate in establishing Th2 immune response. Here, we will review the contribution of LPA and its receptors to the functions of immune cells that play a key role in establishing allergic airway inflammation and aggravation of allergic asthma.
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Dinarvand N, Khanahmad H, Hakimian SM, Sheikhi A, Rashidi B, Bakhtiari H, Pourfarzam M. Expression and clinicopathological significance of lipin-1 in human breast cancer and its association with p53 tumor suppressor gene. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5835-5846. [PMID: 31970786 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is an important cause of female cancer-related death. It has recently been demonstrated that metabolic disorders including lipid metabolism are a hallmark of cancer cells. Lipin-1 is an enzyme that displays phosphatidate phosphatase activity and regulates the rate-limiting step in the pathway of triglycerides and phospholipids synthesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate lipin-1 expression, its prognostic significance, and its correlation with p53 tumor suppressor in patients with BC. In this study, 55 pairs of fresh samples of BC and adjacent noncancerous tissue were used to analyze lipin-1, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining. The expression of other clinicopathological variables and p53 was also examined using IHC technique. The cell migration was studied in MCF-7 and MDA-MB231 cells following the inhibition of lipin-1 by propranolol. Our results show that the relative expression of lipin-1 messenger RNA was significantly higher in BC tissues compared with the adjacent normal tissue and its inhibition reduced cell migration in cancer cells. This upregulation was negatively correlated with histological grade of tumor and p53 status (p = .001 and p = .034) respectively and positively correlated with the tumor size (p = .006). Our results also seem to indicate that the high lipin-1 expression is related to a good prognosis in patients with BC. The expression of lipin-1 may be considered as a novel independent prognostic factor. The inhibition of lipin-1 may also have therapeutic significance for patients with BC. The correlation between lipin-1 and p53 confirms the role of p53 in the regulation of lipid metabolism in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Dinarvand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khanahmad
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Abdolkarim Sheikhi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hadi Bakhtiari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Pourfarzam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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El Jamal A, Bougault C, Mebarek S, Magne D, Cuvillier O, Brizuela L. The role of sphingosine 1-phosphate metabolism in bone and joint pathologies and ectopic calcification. Bone 2020; 130:115087. [PMID: 31648078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids display important functions in various pathologies such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular or neurodegenerative diseases. Sphingosine, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and ceramide are the central molecules of sphingolipid metabolism. Sphingosine kinases 1 and 2 (SK1 and SK2) catalyze the conversion of the sphingolipid metabolite sphingosine into S1P. The balance between the levels of S1P and its metabolic precursors ceramide and sphingosine has been considered as a switch that could determine whether a cell proliferates or dies. This balance, also called « sphingolipid rheostat », is mainly under the control of SKs. Several studies have recently pointed out the contribution of SK/S1P metabolic pathway in skeletal development, mineralization and bone homeostasis. Indeed, SK/S1P metabolism participates in different diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, cancer-derived bone metastasis or calcification disorders as vascular calcification. In this review, we will summarize the most important data regarding the implication of SK/S1P axis in bone and joint diseases and ectopic calcification, and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting SK/S1P metabolism for the treatment of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaeddine El Jamal
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Carole Bougault
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Saida Mebarek
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - David Magne
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Cuvillier
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS UMR 5089, F-31077, Toulouse, France
| | - Leyre Brizuela
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5246, ICBMS, F-69622, Lyon, France.
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Mkannez G, Gagné-Ouellet V, Jalloul Nsaibia M, Boulanger MC, Rosa M, Argaud D, Hadji F, Gaudreault N, Rhéaume G, Bouchard L, Bossé Y, Mathieu P. DNA methylation of a PLPP3 MIR transposon-based enhancer promotes an osteogenic programme in calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:1525-1535. [PMID: 29726894 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is characterized by the osteogenic transition of valve interstitial cells (VICs). In CAVD, lysophosphatidic acid (LysoPA), a lipid mediator with potent osteogenic activity, is produced in the aortic valve (AV) and is degraded by membrane-associated phospholipid phosphatases (PLPPs). We thus hypothesized that a dysregulation of PLPPs could participate to the osteogenic reprograming of VICs during CAVD. Methods and results The expression of PLPPs was examined in human control and mineralized AVs and comprehensive analyses were performed to document the gene regulation and impact of PLPPs on the osteogenic transition of VICs. We found that PLPP3 gene and enzymatic activity were downregulated in mineralized AVs. Multidimensional gene profiling in 21 human AVs showed that expression of PLPP3 was inversely correlated with the level of 5-methylcytosine (5meC) located in an intronic mammalian interspersed repeat (MIR) element. Bisulphite pyrosequencing in a larger series of 67 AVs confirmed that 5meC in intron 1 was increased by 2.2-fold in CAVD compared with control AVs. In isolated cells, epigenome editing with clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats-Cas9 system containing a deficient Cas9 fused with DNA methyltransferase (dCas9-DNMT) was used to increase 5meC in the intronic enhancer and showed that it reduced significantly the expression of PLPP3. Knockdown experiments showed that lower expression of PLPP3 in VICs promotes an osteogenic programme. Conclusions DNA methylation of a MIR-based enhancer downregulates the expression of PLPP3 and promotes the mineralization of the AV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Mkannez
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Department of Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Laval University, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Gagné-Ouellet
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,ECOGENE-21 Biocluster, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Mohamed Jalloul Nsaibia
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Department of Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Laval University, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Chloé Boulanger
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Department of Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Laval University, QC, Canada
| | - Mickael Rosa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Department of Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Laval University, QC, Canada
| | - Deborah Argaud
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Department of Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Laval University, QC, Canada
| | - Fayez Hadji
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Department of Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Laval University, QC, Canada
| | | | - Gabrielle Rhéaume
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Department of Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Laval University, QC, Canada
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.,ECOGENE-21 Biocluster, Chicoutimi Hospital, Saguenay, QC, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Department of Surgery, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Laval University, QC, Canada
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Santos-Otte P, Leysen H, van Gastel J, Hendrickx JO, Martin B, Maudsley S. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Systems and Their Role in Cellular Senescence. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1265-1277. [PMID: 31921393 PMCID: PMC6944711 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex biological process that is inevitable for nearly all organisms. Aging is the strongest risk factor for development of multiple neurodegenerative disorders, cancer and cardiovascular disorders. Age-related disease conditions are mainly caused by the progressive degradation of the integrity of communication systems within and between organs. This is in part mediated by, i) decreased efficiency of receptor signaling systems and ii) an increasing inability to cope with stress leading to apoptosis and cellular senescence. Cellular senescence is a natural process during embryonic development, more recently it has been shown to be also involved in the development of aging disorders and is now considered one of the major hallmarks of aging. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) comprise a superfamily of integral membrane receptors that are responsible for cell signaling events involved in nearly every physiological process. Recent advances in the molecular understanding of GPCR signaling complexity have expanded their therapeutic capacity tremendously. Emerging data now suggests the involvement of GPCRs and their associated proteins in the development of cellular senescence. With the proven efficacy of therapeutic GPCR targeting, it is reasonable to now consider GPCRs as potential platforms to control cellular senescence and the consequently, age-related disorders.
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Key Words
- ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein, (Arf-GAP)
- AT1R blockers, (ARB)
- Aging
- Angiotensin II, (Ang II)
- Ataxia telangiectasia mutated, (ATM)
- Cellular senescence
- G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 2 (GIT2)
- G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 2, (GIT2)
- G protein-coupled receptor kinase, (GRK)
- G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
- G protein-coupled receptors, (GPCRs)
- Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome, (HGPS)
- Lysophosphatidic acid, (LPA)
- Regulator of G-protein signaling, (RGS)
- Relaxin family receptor 3, (RXFP3)
- active state, (R*)
- angiotensin type 1 receptor, (AT1R)
- angiotensin type 2 receptor, (AT2R)
- beta2-adrenergic receptor, (β2AR)
- cyclin-dependent kinase 2, (CDK2)
- cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1, (cdkn1A/p21)
- endothelial cell differentiation gene, (Edg)
- inactive state, (R)
- latent semantic indexing, (LSI)
- mitogen-activated protein kinase, (MAPK)
- nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, (NF- κβ)
- protein kinases, (PK)
- purinergic receptors family, (P2Y)
- renin-angiotensin system, (RAS)
- retinoblastoma, (RB)
- senescence associated secretory phenotype, (SASP)
- stress-induced premature senescence, (SIPS)
- transcription factor E2F3, (E2F3)
- transmembrane, (TM)
- tumor suppressor gene PTEN, (PTEN)
- tumor suppressor protein 53, (p53)
- vascular smooth muscle cells, (VSMC)
- β-Arrestin
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Santos-Otte
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jhana O. Hendrickx
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Biology Lab, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Fang Z, Pyne S, Pyne NJ. WITHDRAWN: Ceramide and Sphingosine 1-Phosphate in adipose dysfunction. Prog Lipid Res 2019:100991. [PMID: 31442525 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.100991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Fang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Susan Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
| | - Nigel J Pyne
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161, Cathedral St, Glasgow, G4 0RE, Scotland, UK
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Tang X, McMullen TP, Brindley DN. Increasing the low lipid phosphate phosphatase 1 activity in breast cancer cells decreases transcription by AP-1 and expressions of matrix metalloproteinases and cyclin D1/D3. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:6129-6142. [PMID: 31534541 PMCID: PMC6735510 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in breast cancer patients and lysophosphatidate (LPA) signaling promotes this process. LPA signaling is attenuated by lipid phosphate phosphatase-1 (LPP1) whose activity is decreased in cancers. Consequently, increasing LPP1 levels suppresses breast tumor growth and metastasis. This study shows that increasing LPP1 in breast cancer cells decreases transcription through cFos and cJun. This decreases production of cyclin D1/D3 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which provides new insights into the role of LPP1 in controlling tumor growth and metastasis. Methods: Invasiveness was determined by a Matrigel invasion assay. MMP expression was measured by qPCR, multiplex LASER bead technology and gelatin zymography. Levels of cJUN, cFOS, FRA1, cyclin D1, and cyclin D3 were determined by qPCR and western blotting. Collagen was determined by Picro-Sirius Red staining. Results: Increasing LPP1 expression inhibited invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells through Matrigel. This was accompanied by decreases in expression of MMP-1, -3, -7, -9, -10, -12 and -13, which are transcriptionally regulated by the AP-1 complex. Increasing LPP1 attenuated the induction of mRNA of MMP-1, -3, cFOS, and cJUN by EGF or TNFα, but increased FRA1. LPP1 expression also decreased the induction of protein levels for cFOS and cJUN in nuclei and cytoplasmic fractions by EGF and TNFα. Protein levels of cyclin D1 and D3 were also decreased by LPP1. Although FRA1 in total cell lysates or cytoplasm was increased by LPP1, nuclear FRA1 was not affected. LPP1-induced decreases in MMPs in mouse tumors created with MDA-MB-231 cells were accompanied by increased collagen in the tumors and fewer lung metastases. Knockdown of LPP1 in MDA-MB-231 cells increased the protein levels of MMP-1 and -3. Human breast tumors also have lower levels of LPP1 and higher levels of cJUN, cFOS, MMP-1, -7, -8, -9, -12, -13, cyclin D1, and cyclin D3 relative to normal breast tissue. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the low LPP1 expression in breast cancer cells is associated with high levels of cyclin D1/D3 and MMPs as a result of increased transcription by cFOS and cJUN. Increasing LPP1 expression provides a novel approach for decreasing transcription through AP-1, which could provide a strategy for decreasing tumor growth and metastasis.
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Lysophosphatidic Acid and Autotaxin-associated Effects on the Initiation and Progression of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070958. [PMID: 31323936 PMCID: PMC6678549 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium interacts dynamically with the immune system to maintain its barrier function to protect the host, while performing the physiological roles in absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, water and minerals. The importance of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and its receptors in the gut has been progressively appreciated. LPA signaling modulates cell proliferation, invasion, adhesion, angiogenesis, and survival that can promote cancer growth and metastasis. These effects are equally important for the maintenance of the epithelial barrier in the gut, which forms the first line of defense against the milieu of potentially pathogenic stimuli. This review focuses on the LPA-mediated signaling that potentially contributes to inflammation and tumor formation in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Lee JH, Kim D, Oh YS, Jun HS. Lysophosphatidic Acid Signaling in Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112850. [PMID: 31212704 PMCID: PMC6600156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid present in most tissues and body fluids. LPA acts through specific LPA receptors (LPAR1 to LPAR6) coupled with G protein. LPA binds to receptors and activates multiple cellular signaling pathways, subsequently exerting various biological functions, such as cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. LPA also induces cell damage through complex overlapping pathways, including the generation of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines, and fibrosis. Several reports indicate that the LPA–LPAR axis plays an important role in various diseases, including kidney disease, lung fibrosis, and cancer. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common diabetic complications and the main risk factor for chronic kidney diseases, which mostly progress to end-stage renal disease. There is also growing evidence indicating that the LPA–LPAR axis also plays an important role in inducing pathological alterations of cell structure and function in the kidneys. In this review, we will discuss key mediators or signaling pathways activated by LPA and summarize recent research findings associated with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Han Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Donghee Kim
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Yoon Sin Oh
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Eulji University, Seongnam 13135, Korea.
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon Medical and Convergence Institute, Incheon 21565, Korea.
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47
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Suryadevara V, Huang L, Kim SJ, Cheresh P, Shaaya M, Bandela M, Fu P, Feghali-Bostwick C, Di Paolo G, Kamp DW, Natarajan V. Role of phospholipase D in bleomycin-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation, mitochondrial DNA damage, and pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L175-L187. [PMID: 31090437 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00320.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a pernicious lung disease characterized by alveolar epithelial apoptosis, dysregulated repair of epithelial injury, scar formation, and respiratory failure. In this study, we identified phospholipase D (PLD)-generated phosphatidic acid (PA) signaling in the development of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Of the PLD isoenzymes, the protein expression of PLD2, but not PLD1, was upregulated in lung tissues from IPF patients and bleomycin challenged mice. Both PLD1 (Pld1-/-)- and PLD2 (Pld2-/-)-deficient mice were protected against bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis, thereby establishing the role of PLD in fibrogenesis. The role of PLD1 and PLD2 in bleomycin-induced lung epithelial injury was investigated by infecting bronchial airway epithelial cells (Beas2B) with catalytically inactive mutants of PLD (hPLD1-K898R or mPld2-K758R) or downregulation of expression of PLD1 or PLD2 with siRNA. Bleomycin stimulated mitochondrial (mt) superoxide production, mtDNA damage, and apoptosis in Beas2B cells, which was attenuated by the catalytically inactive mutants of PLD or PLD2 siRNA. These results show a role for PLD1 and PLD2 in bleomycin-induced generation of mt reactive oxygen species, mt DNA damage, and apoptosis of lung epithelial cells in mice. Thus, PLD may be a novel therapeutic target in ameliorating experimental PF in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyani Suryadevara
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Longshuang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Seok-Jo Kim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Jesse Brown VA Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Paul Cheresh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Jesse Brown VA Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mark Shaaya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mounica Bandela
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Panfeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Gilbert Di Paolo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center , New York, New York
| | - David W Kamp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Jesse Brown VA Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
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Wu X, Ma Y, Su N, Shen J, Zhang H, Wang H. Lysophosphatidic acid: Its role in bone cell biology and potential for use in bone regeneration. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 143:106335. [PMID: 31054330 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a simple phospholipid that exerts pleiotropic effects on numerous cell types by activating its family of cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and participates in many biological processes, including organismal development, wound healing, and carcinogenesis. Bone cells, such as bone marrow mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (BMSCs), osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts play essential roles in bone homeostasis and repair. Previous studies have identified the presence of specific LPA receptors in these bone cells. In recent years, an increasing number of cellular effects of LPA, such as the induction of cell proliferation, survival, migration, differentiation and cytokine secretion, have been found in different bone cells. Moreover, some biomaterials containing LPA have shown the ability to enhance osteogenesis. This review will focus on findings associated with LPA functions in these bone cells and present current studies related to the application of LPA in bone regenerative medicine. Further understanding this information will help us develop better strategies for bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Naichuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiefei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate in adipose dysfunction. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 74:145-159. [PMID: 30951736 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The increased adipose tissue mass of obese individuals enhances the risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. During pathological expansion of adipose tissue, multiple molecular controls of lipid storage, adipocyte turn-over and endocrine secretion are perturbed and abnormal lipid metabolism results in a distinct lipid profile. There is a role for ceramides and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) in inducing adipose dysfunction. For instance, the alteration of ceramide biosynthesis, through the de-regulation of key enzymes, results in aberrant formation of ceramides (e.g. C16:0 and C18:0) which block insulin signaling and promote adipose inflammation. Furthermore, S1P can induce defective adipose tissue phenotypes by promoting chronic inflammation and inhibiting adipogenesis. These abnormal changes are discussed in the context of possible therapeutic approaches to re-establish normal adipose function and to, thereby, increase insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. Such novel approaches include blockade of ceramide biosynthesis using inhibitors of sphingomyelinase or dihydroceramide desaturase and by antagonism of S1P receptors, such as S1P2.
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Maraschin FDS, Kulcheski FR, Segatto ALA, Trenz TS, Barrientos-Diaz O, Margis-Pinheiro M, Margis R, Turchetto-Zolet AC. Enzymes of glycerol-3-phosphate pathway in triacylglycerol synthesis in plants: Function, biotechnological application and evolution. Prog Lipid Res 2019; 73:46-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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