1
|
Fodi CK, Schittenhelm J, Honegger J, Castaneda-Vega SG, Behling F. The Current Role of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy in Meningiomas. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092364. [PMID: 35566491 PMCID: PMC9104797 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors. The majority of patients can be cured by surgery, or tumor growth can be stabilized by radiation. However, the management of recurrent and more aggressive tumors remains difficult because no established alternative treatment options exist. Therefore, innovative therapeutic approaches are needed. Studies have shown that meningiomas express somatostatin receptors. It is well known from treating neuroendocrine tumors that peptide radioreceptor therapy that targets somatostatin receptors can be effective. As yet, this therapy has been used for treating meningiomas only within individual curative trials. However, small case series and studies have demonstrated stabilization of the disease. Therefore, we see potential for optimizing this therapeutic option through the development of new substances and specific adaptations to the different meningioma subtypes. The current review provides an overview of this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina-Katharina Fodi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (C.-K.F.); (J.H.)
- Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Honegger
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (C.-K.F.); (J.H.)
- Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Salvador Guillermo Castaneda-Vega
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Eberhard-Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Behling
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (C.-K.F.); (J.H.)
- Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-707129-80235; Fax: +49-707129-4549
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fodi C, Skardelly M, Hempel JM, Hoffmann E, Castaneda S, Tabatabai G, Honegger J, Tatagiba M, Schittenhelm J, Behling F. The immunohistochemical expression of SSTR2A is an independent prognostic factor in meningioma. Neurosurg Rev 2021; 45:2671-2679. [PMID: 34601710 PMCID: PMC9349155 DOI: 10.1007/s10143-021-01651-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The expression of somatostatin receptors in meningioma is well established. First, suggestions of a prognostic impact of SSTRs in meningioma have been made. However, the knowledge is based on few investigations in small cohorts. We recently analyzed the expression of all five known SSTRs in a large cohort of over 700 meningiomas and demonstrated significant correlations with WHO tumor grade and other clinical characteristics. We therefore expanded our dataset and additionally collected information about radiographic tumor recurrence and progression as well as clinically relevant factors (gender, age, extent of resection, WHO grade, tumor location, adjuvant radiotherapy, neurofibromatosis type 2, primary/recurrent tumor) for a comprehensive prognostic multivariate analysis (n = 666). The immunohistochemical expression scores of SSTR1, 2A, 3, 4, and 5 were scored using an intensity distribution score ranging from 0 to 12. For recurrence-free progression analysis, a cutoff at an intensity distribution score of 6 was used. Univariate analysis demonstrated a higher rate of tumor recurrence for increased expression scores for SSTR2A, SSTR3, and SSTR4 (p = 0.0312, p = 0.0351, and p = 0.0390, respectively), while high expression levels of SSTR1 showed less frequent tumor recurrences (p = 0.0012). In the Kaplan-Meier analysis, a higher intensity distribution score showed a favorable prognosis for SSTR1 (p = 0.0158) and an unfavorable prognosis for SSTR2A (0.0143). The negative prognostic impact of higher SSTR2A expression remained a significant factor in the multivariate analysis (RR 1.69, p = 0.0060). We conclude that the expression of SSTR2A has an independent prognostic value regarding meningioma recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Fodi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Street 3, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marco Skardelly
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Street 3, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johann-Martin Hempel
- Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elgin Hoffmann
- Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Radiation-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Salvador Castaneda
- Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Street 3, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Honegger
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Street 3, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcos Tatagiba
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Street 3, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Schittenhelm
- Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Behling
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler Street 3, Tübingen, Germany. .,Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen-Stuttgart, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Si Y, Kim S, Ou J, Lu Y, Ernst P, Chen K, Whitt J, Carter AM, Markert JM, Bibb JA, Chen H, Zhou L, Jaskula-Sztul R, Liu XM. Anti-SSTR2 antibody-drug conjugate for neuroendocrine tumor therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:799-812. [PMID: 32684623 PMCID: PMC7854894 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-0196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine (NE) tumors include a diverse spectrum of hormone-secreting neoplasms that arise from the endocrine and nervous systems. Current chemo- and radio-therapies have marginal curative benefits. The goal of this study was to develop an innovative antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) to effectively treat NE tumors (NETs). First, we confirmed that somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) is an ideal cancer cell surface target by analyzing 38 patient-derived NET tissues, 33 normal organs, and three NET cell lines. Then, we developed a new monoclonal antibody (mAb, IgG1, and kappa) to target two extracellular domains of SSTR2, which showed strong and specific surface binding to NETs. The ADC was constructed by conjugating the anti-SSTR2 mAb and antimitotic monomethyl auristatin E. In vitro evaluations indicated that the ADC can effectively bind, internalize, release payload, and kill NET cells. Finally, the ADC was evaluated in vivo using a NET xenograft mouse model to assess cancer-specific targeting, tolerated dosage, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor efficacy. The anti-SSTR2 ADC exclusively targeted and killed NET cells with minimal toxicity and high stability in vivo. This study demonstrates that the anti-SSTR2 ADC has a high-therapeutic potential for NET therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Si
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Seulhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jianfa Ou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yun Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Patrick Ernst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Jason Whitt
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Angela M Carter
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Neurosurgery, UAB, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Lufang Zhou
- Department of Medicine, UAB, 703 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Renata Jaskula-Sztul
- Department of Surgery, UAB, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| | - Xiaoguang Margaret Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, UAB, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Y, Wu N, Li Q, Hu X, Wang L, Sun JG, Wang Z, Sun XH. Neuroprotective effect of the somatostatin receptor 5 agonist L-817,818 on retinal ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2021; 204:108449. [PMID: 33465395 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin plays important roles in modulating neuronal functions by activating the five specific G-protein coupled receptors (sst1-sst5). Previous studies have demonstrated that sst5 were expressed in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and sst5 agonist attenuated the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid-induced retinal neurotoxicity. In this study, we investigated effects and underlying mechanisms of the sst5 agonist L-817,818 on RGC injury induced by elevated intraocular pressure (COH) in experimental glaucoma. Our results showed that intraperitoneal administration of L-817,818 significantly reduced RGC loss and decreased the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive RGCs in COH retinas, suggesting that L-817,818 may attenuate RGC apoptosis. Consistently, in COH retinas with L-817,818 administration, both the down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and the up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of pro-apoptotic Bax were partially reversed. L-817,818 administration downregulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins caspase-9 and caspase-3 in COH retinas. In addition, L-817,818 administration reduced the concentrations of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species and malondialdehyde, and ameliorated the functions of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex (MRCC). Our results imply that administration of the sst5 agonist L-817,818 reduces RGC loss in COH rats through decreasing RGC apoptosis, which is mediated by regulating Bcl-2/Bax balance, reducing oxidative stress and rescuing activities of MRCC. Activation of sst5 may provide neuroprotective roles for RGCs in glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Wu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guo Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xing-Huai Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khan A, Chhaparia A, Hammami MB, Hachem C. Role of Octreotide in Menetrier’s Disease: Case Report and Review of Literature. Cureus 2020; 12:e11515. [PMID: 33354459 PMCID: PMC7746008 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Menetrier’s disease (MD) is a rare disease characterized macroscopically by gastric rugae thickening and microscopically by foveolar hyperplasia with glandular atrophy, resulting in luminal protein loss. Different treatment strategies, including antibiotics, prednisone, octreotide, and monoclonal antibodies, have yielded varying degrees of success. Here, we present a rare complication of MD with a gastric outlet obstruction from a large adenoma. However, prior to this complication, dramatic clinical and laboratory improvements were observed after 12 months of treatment with subcutaneous octreotide. We also present a review of the literature for the role of octreotide in the treatment of MD.
Collapse
|
6
|
Moyano Crespo GD, Cecenarro LA, Perez P, Guido C, Sosa LDV, Berhard C, Aballay LR, Gutiérrez S, Petiti JP, Torres A, Mukdsi J. Association of PTP4A3 expression and tumour size in functioning pituitary adenoma: a descriptive study. J Clin Pathol 2020; 74:190-193. [PMID: 32616539 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND PTP4A3 is a subclass of a protein tyrosine phosphatase super family and is expressed in a range of epithelial neoplasms. We evaluated PTP4A3 expression and its association with clinicopathological parameters in different types of functioning pituitary adenomas. METHODS A total of 34 functioning pituitary adenomas samples were evaluated in this observational study. PTP4A3 expression was examined by immunohistochemical staining, and, possible correlations between PTP4A3 and some clinicopathological variables were investigated. RESULTS PTP4A3 was expressed in 19 out of 34 tumours (55%), at the cytoplasmic level of tumorous cells. Moreover, there was significant association (p=0.042) between PTP4A3 expression and tumorous size. CONCLUSIONS PTP4A3 was expressed in more than half of the tumours analysed, with there being a significant association with the tumorous size of functioning adenomas. This allows to speculate that PTP4A3 may regulate tumour growth, although further investigations are necessary to determine if this phosphatase can serve as a biomarker or used as a therapeutic target in pituitary macroadenomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Deisi Moyano Crespo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Centro de Microscopia Electronica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Anahí Cecenarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Centro de Microscopia Electronica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Pablo Perez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Centro de Microscopia Electronica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Carolina Guido
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Centro de Microscopia Electronica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Liliana Del Valle Sosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Centro de Microscopia Electronica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Celina Berhard
- Servicio de Patologia, Universidad Católica de Córdoba Clinica Universitaria Reina Fabiola, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Rosana Aballay
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición Humana (CenINH), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Silvina Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Centro de Microscopia Electronica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Petiti
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Centro de Microscopia Electronica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Alicia Torres
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Centro de Microscopia Electronica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Jorge Mukdsi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Centro de Microscopia Electronica-Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sussman CR, Wang X, Chebib FT, Torres VE. Modulation of polycystic kidney disease by G-protein coupled receptors and cyclic AMP signaling. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109649. [PMID: 32335259 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a systemic disorder associated with polycystic liver disease (PLD) and other extrarenal manifestations, the most common monogenic cause of end-stage kidney disease, and a major burden for public health. Many studies have shown that alterations in G-protein and cAMP signaling play a central role in its pathogenesis. As for many other diseases (35% of all approved drugs target G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) or proteins functioning upstream or downstream from GPCRs), treatments targeting GPCR have shown effectiveness in slowing the rate of progression of ADPKD. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist is the first drug approved by regulatory agencies to treat rapidly progressive ADPKD. Long-acting somatostatin analogs have also been effective in slowing the rates of growth of polycystic kidneys and liver. Although no treatment has so far been able to prevent the development or stop the progression of the disease, these encouraging advances point to G-protein and cAMP signaling as a promising avenue of investigation that may lead to more effective and safe treatments. This will require a better understanding of the relevant GPCRs, G-proteins, cAMP effectors, and of the enzymes and A-kinase anchoring proteins controlling the compartmentalization of cAMP signaling. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of general GPCR signaling; the function of polycystin-1 (PC1) as a putative atypical adhesion GPCR (aGPCR); the roles of PC1, polycystin-2 (PC2) and the PC1-PC2 complex in the regulation of calcium and cAMP signaling; the cross-talk of calcium and cAMP signaling in PKD; and GPCRs, adenylyl cyclases, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, and protein kinase A as therapeutic targets in ADPKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline R Sussman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Fouad T Chebib
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim S, Kim H, Park D, Kim J, Hong J, Kim JS, Jung H, Kim D, Cheong E, Ko J, Um JW. Loss of IQSEC3 Disrupts GABAergic Synapse Maintenance and Decreases Somatostatin Expression in the Hippocampus. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1995-2005.e5. [PMID: 32049026 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Gephyrin interacts with various GABAergic synaptic proteins to organize GABAergic synapse development. Among the multitude of gephyrin-binding proteins is IQSEC3, a recently identified component at GABAergic synapses that acts through its ADP ribosylation factor-guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ARF-GEF) activity to orchestrate GABAergic synapse formation. Here, we show that IQSEC3 knockdown (KD) reduced GABAergic synaptic density in vivo, suggesting that IQSEC3 is required for GABAergic synapse maintenance in vivo. We further show that IQSEC3 KD in the dentate gyrus (DG) increases seizure susceptibility and triggers selective depletion of somatostatin (SST) peptides in the DG hilus in an ARF-GEP activity-dependent manner. Strikingly, selective introduction of SST into SST interneurons in DG-specific IQSEC3-KD mice reverses GABAergic synaptic deficits. Thus, our data suggest that IQSEC3 is required for linking gephyrin-GABAA receptor complexes with ARF-dependent pathways to prevent aberrant, runaway excitation and thereby contributes to the integrity of SST interneurons and proper GABAergic synapse maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungjoon Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Hyeonho Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Dongseok Park
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Jinhu Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Joohyeon Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Seong Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyeji Jung
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| | - Ji Won Um
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea; Core Protein Resources Center, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Gastric acid secretion (i) facilitates digestion of protein as well as absorption of micronutrients and certain medications, (ii) kills ingested microorganisms, including Helicobacter pylori, and (iii) prevents bacterial overgrowth and enteric infection. The principal regulators of acid secretion are the gastric peptides gastrin and somatostatin. Gastrin, the major hormonal stimulant for acid secretion, is synthesized in pyloric mucosal G cells as a 101-amino acid precursor (preprogastrin) that is processed to yield biologically active amidated gastrin-17 and gastrin-34. The C-terminal active site of gastrin (Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 ) binds to gastrin/CCK2 receptors on parietal and, more importantly, histamine-containing enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, located in oxyntic mucosa, to induce acid secretion. Histamine diffuses to the neighboring parietal cells where it binds to histamine H2 -receptors coupled to hydrochloric acid secretion. Gastrin is also a trophic hormone that maintains the integrity of gastric mucosa, induces proliferation of parietal and ECL cells, and is thought to play a role in carcinogenesis. Somatostatin, present in D cells of the gastric pyloric and oxyntic mucosa, is the main inhibitor of acid secretion, particularly during the interdigestive period. Somatostatin exerts a tonic paracrine restraint on gastrin secretion from G cells, histamine secretion from ECL cells, and acid secretion from parietal cells. Removal of this restraint, for example by activation of cholinergic neurons during ingestion of food, initiates and maximizes acid secretion. Knowledge regarding the structure and function of gastrin, somatostatin, and their respective receptors is providing novel avenues to better diagnose and manage acid-peptic disorders and certain cancers. Published 2020. Compr Physiol 10:197-228, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell L Schubert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Entrapment of Somatostatin in a Lipid Formulation: Retarded Release and Free Radical Reactivity. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173085. [PMID: 31450691 PMCID: PMC6749267 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural peptide somatostatin has hormonal and cytostatic effects exerted by the binding to specific receptors in various tissues. Therapeutic uses are strongly prevented by its very short biological half-life of 1–2 min due to enzymatic hydrolysis, therefore encapsulation methodologies are explored to overcome the need for continuous infusion regimes. Multilamellar liposomes made of natural phosphatidylcholine were used for the incorporation of a mixture of somatostatin and sorbitol dissolved in citrate buffer at pH = 5. Lyophilization and reconstitution of the suspension were carried out, showing the flexibility of this preparation. Full characterization of this suspension was obtained as particle size, encapsulation efficiency and retarded release properties in aqueous medium and human plasma. Liposomal somatostatin incubated at 37 °C in the presence of Fe(II) and (III) salts were used as a biomimetic model of drug-cell membrane interaction, evidencing the free radical processes of peroxidation and isomerization that transform the unsaturated fatty acid moieties of the lipid vesicles. This study offers new insights into a liposomal delivery system and highlights molecular reactivity of sulfur-containing drugs with its carrier or biological membranes for pharmacological applications.
Collapse
|
11
|
Biological and Biochemical Basis of the Differential Efficacy of First and Second Generation Somatostatin Receptor Ligands in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20163940. [PMID: 31412614 PMCID: PMC6720449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous somatostatin shows anti-secretory effects in both physiological and pathological settings, as well as inhibitory activity on cell growth. Since somatostatin is not suitable for clinical practice, researchers developed synthetic somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs) to overcome this limitation. Currently, SRLs represent pivotal tools in the treatment algorithm of neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Octreotide and lanreotide are the first-generation SRLs developed and show a preferential binding affinity to somatostatin receptor (SST) subtype 2, while pasireotide, which is a second-generation SRL, has high affinity for multiple SSTs (SST5 > SST2 > SST3 > SST1). A number of studies demonstrated that first-generation and second-generation SRLs show distinct functional properties, besides the mere receptor affinity. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to critically review the current evidence on the biological effects of SRLs in pituitary adenomas and neuroendocrine tumors, by mainly focusing on the differences between first-generation and second-generation ligands.
Collapse
|
12
|
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Somatostatin Receptors in Endometriosis Tissue Samples. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2019; 38:371-376. [DOI: 10.1097/pgp.0000000000000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Li Q, Zhang Y, Wu N, Yin N, Sun XH, Wang Z. Activation of somatostatin receptor 5 suppresses T-type Ca 2+ channels through NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway in rat retinal ganglion cells. Neurosci Lett 2019; 708:134337. [PMID: 31220522 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin has been shown to modulate a variety of neuronal functions by activating the five specific G-protein coupled receptors (sst1-sst5). Here, effects of sst5 receptor activation on T-type Ca2+ channels in acutely isolated retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of rats were investigated using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. The sst5 receptor specific agonist L-817,818 significantly and reversibly suppressed T-type Ca2+ currents, and shifted inactivation curve of the channels toward hyperpolarization direction. The effect of L-817,818 was in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 being 8.8 μM. Pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/o protein mediated intracellular nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG) signaling cascade was involved in the L-817,818 effect on Ca2+ currents because pharmacological interference of each of these signaling molecules abolished the L-817,818 effect. In contrast, neither phospholipase C/protein kinase C nor cAMP/protein kinase A signal pathways seemed likely to be involved because the L-817,818 effect persisted when these signaling pathways were blocked by U73122, bisindolylmaleimide IV, chelerythrine chloride, and Rp-cAMP, respectively. These results suggest that activation of sst5 receptors suppresses T-type Ca2+ currents in rat RGCs through intracellular NO/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway, which may provide a potential mechanism for protecting RGCs against injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Myopia (Ministry of Health), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Myopia (Ministry of Health), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Na Wu
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Myopia (Ministry of Health), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ning Yin
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xing-Huai Sun
- Eye Institute, Eye & ENT Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Myopia (Ministry of Health), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Tang Z, Lin W, Yuan X, Jia J, Sun C, Li W. Molecular identification, tissue distribution and functional analysis of somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) in red-spotted grouper (Epinephelus akaara). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 274:87-96. [PMID: 30654020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, four full-length cDNAs of somatostatin receptor (sstr) were cloned from the forebrain and pituitary of red-spotted grouper. The four full-length cDNAs were designated 2292, 1522, 1873 and 1789 bp and identified as sstr1, sstr2, sstr3, and sstr5 by BLAST analysis; the corresponding sizes of the open reading frames (ORFs) were 1155, 1113, 1467 and 1503 bp, which encoding 384, 370, 488 and 500 aa, respectively. The four receptors have seven transmembrane structures and contain the YANSCANPI/VLY sequence, which is the conserved amino acid sequence of the SSTR family. A tissue distribution study showed that the four sstrs had different expression patterns, suggesting that they may play different roles in regulating different physiological processes. The four receptors mediate ERK1/2 phosphorylation by SS-14 in HEK293 cells, and SS-14 promotes ATK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in primary hepatocytes of red-spotted grouper. These results facilitate the study of SSTRs-mediated intracellular signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zimu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weiru Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jirong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Caiyun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Treppiedi D, Giardino E, Catalano R, Mangili F, Vercesi P, Sala E, Locatelli M, Arosio M, Spada A, Mantovani G, Peverelli E. Somatostatin analogs regulate tumor corticotrophs growth by reducing ERK1/2 activity. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 483:31-38. [PMID: 30611770 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pasireotide has been associated with tumor shrinkage in patients with Cushing's disease subjected to long term treatment. However, to date the implicated molecular mechanisms are poorly elucidated. Here, we tested pasireotide-mediated cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in ACTH-secreting primary tumor cultures and murine corticotroph tumor cell line, AtT-20 cells. We found somatostatin receptor type 5 (SST5) expressed in 17 different ACTH-secreting tumors and SST2 detectable in 15 out of the 17 tissues. Pasireotide caused a slight but significant in vitro inhibition of cell growth in 3 out of 6 ACTH-secreting primary cultures (-12.1 ± 4.3%, P < 0.01 at 10 nM), remarkably reduced phospho-ERK1/2 levels in 5 out of 8 samples (-36.4 ± 20.5%, P < 0.01 at 1 μM) and triggered an increase of caspase 3/7 activity in 2 of 4 tumors (17 ± 3.6%, P < 0.05 at 1 μM). Accordingly, in AtT-20 cells, pasireotide significantly inhibited cell proliferation (-10.5 ± 7.7% at 10 nM, P < 0.05; -13.9 ± 10.9% at 100 nM, P < 0.05; -26.8 ± 8.9% at 1 μM, P < 0.01). Similar antiproliferative actions were exerted by BIM23206 and BIM23120 (SST5&2 selective ligands, respectively), whereas octreotide was effective when used at 1 μM (-13.3 ± 9.1%, P < 0.05). Moreover, a reduction of phospho-ERK1/2 was observed upon pasireotide and BIM23206 treatment (-8.4 ± 28.6%, P < 0.01 and -51.4 ± 15.9%, P < 0.001 at 10 nM, respectively) but not after octreotide and BIM23120 incubation. Finally, pasireotide was able to induce cell apoptosis in AtT-20 cells at lower concentration than octreotide. Altogether these data indicate a downstream implication of SST5-mediated phospho-ERK1/2 inhibition by pasireotide resulting in ACTH-secreting tumor cells proliferation reduction. Moreover, we describe for the first time a pro-apoptotic effect of pasireotide in corticotrophs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Treppiedi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Giardino
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosa Catalano
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; PhD Program in Endocrinological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Mangili
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Vercesi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Sala
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Neurosurgery Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Arosio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Spada
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Erika Peverelli
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrine Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abdellatif AA, Aldalaen SM, Faisal W, Tawfeek HM. Somatostatin receptors as a new active targeting sites for nanoparticles. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:1051-1059. [PMID: 30416362 PMCID: PMC6218373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The delivery of nanoparticles through receptor-mediated cell interactions has nowadays a major attention in the area of drug targeting applications. This specific kind of targeting is mediated by localized receptors impeded into the target site with subsequent drugs internalization. Hence, this type of interaction would diminish side effects and enhance drug delivery efficacy to the target site. Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are one type of G protein-coupled receptors, which could be active targeted for various purposes. There are five SSTRs types (SSTR1-5) which are localized at various organs in the body and spread into different tissues. SSTRs could be considered as a promising target to various nanoparticles which is facilitated when nanoparticles are modified through specific ligand or coating to allow better binding. This review discusses the exploration of SSTRs for active targeting of nanoparticles with certain emphasize on their interaction at the cellular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A.H. Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452 Al-Qassim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sa'ed M. Aldalaen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Mutah, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Waleed Faisal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
- School of Pharmacy, University of College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hesham M. Tawfeek
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Mutah, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lin C, Happé H, Veraar K, Scharpfenecker M, Peters DJ. The expression of somatostatin receptor 2 decreases during cyst growth in mice with polycystic kidney disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:1092-1098. [PMID: 30261745 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218803893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Somatostatin (SST) analogs have been shown to halt cyst growth and progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease by several clinical trials. However, two studies suggest that the effect of the SST analog octreotide on kidney growth during the first year of treatment is reduced in the subsequent follow-ups and the kidney enlargement resumes. This biphasic change in kidney growth during octreotide treatment may be partially explained by alterations in SSTR2 expression. Here, we found that SSTR2 is mainly expressed in distal tubules and collecting ducts in murine kidneys, and the expression of SSTR2 decreases during cyst growth in two PKD mouse models. Our data may thus provide possible explanations for the lack of efficacy in long-term treatment with SST analogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lin
- 1 Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Hester Happé
- 1 Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberley Veraar
- 2 Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Scharpfenecker
- 2 Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien Jm Peters
- 1 Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vrettos EI, Mező G, Tzakos AG. On the design principles of peptide-drug conjugates for targeted drug delivery to the malignant tumor site. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:930-954. [PMID: 29765474 PMCID: PMC5942387 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death affecting nearly one in two people, and the appearance of new cases is projected to rise by >70% by 2030. To effectively combat the menace of cancer, a variety of strategies have been exploited. Among them, the development of peptide–drug conjugates (PDCs) is considered as an inextricable part of this armamentarium and is continuously explored as a viable approach to target malignant tumors. The general architecture of PDCs consists of three building blocks: the tumor-homing peptide, the cytotoxic agent and the biodegradable connecting linker. The aim of the current review is to provide a spherical perspective on the basic principles governing PDCs, as also the methodology to construct them. We aim to offer basic and integral knowledge on the rational design towards the construction of PDCs through analyzing each building block, as also to highlight the overall progress of this rapidly growing field. Therefore, we focus on several intriguing examples from the recent literature, including important PDCs that have progressed to phase III clinical trials. Last, we address possible difficulties that may emerge during the synthesis of PDCs, as also report ways to overcome them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eirinaios I Vrettos
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ioannina, GR-45110, Greece
| | - Gábor Mező
- Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Science, Institute of Chemistry, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. stny. 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andreas G Tzakos
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ioannina, GR-45110, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Petrenko V, Dibner C. Cell-specific resetting of mouse islet cellular clocks by glucagon, glucagon-like peptide 1 and somatostatin. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222:e13021. [PMID: 29271578 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Molecular clocks, operative in pancreatic islet cells, represent an intrinsic mechanism regulating intracellular metabolism and hormone secretion. Glucagon, somatostatin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are essential coordinators of islet physiology. Here, we assess the synchronizing capacity of glucagon, somatostatin and GLP-1 on pancreatic α- and β-cell circadian clocks. METHODS Triple transgenic mice, expressing a circadian PER2::luciferase (luc) reporter combined with α- and β-cell-specific fluorescent reporters, were employed. Isolated pancreatic islets and fluorescence-activated cell sorting-separated α- and β-cells were synchronized with glucagon, somatostatin analogue or GLP-1 mimetics, with subsequent real-time PER2::luc bioluminescence recording. Gene expression of Gcgr, Sstr2, Sstr3 and Glp1r in islet cells was assessed by RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR. RESULTS Glucagon and GLP-1 mimetics (liraglutide and exenatide) induced high-amplitude rhythmic expression of the PER2::luc reporter in β-cells, but not in α-cells, while the somatostatin analogue octreotide generated a significant phase shift between α- and β-cells. Enrichment of Gcgr and Glp1r transcripts was detected in β-cells compared to their α-cell counterparts. The synchronizing effect of glucagon was dose-dependent and mediated by the adenylate cyclase signalling cascade, as it was diminished by adenylate cyclase inhibitor. CONCLUSION We conclude that proglucagon-derived peptides and somatostatin exhibit receptor-mediated cell-specific synchronizing effects for mouse α- and β-cell oscillators. Differential islet cell clock modulation by glucagon and somatostatin may represent a physiological mechanism underlying paracrine regulation of rhythmic glucagon and insulin secretion. The reported here strong synchronizing properties of GLP-1 mimetics, widely used for treatment of type 2 diabetes, are of high clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Petrenko
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition; Department of Internal Medicine Specialties; University Hospital of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism; Faculty of Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Diabetes Center; Faculty of Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3); Geneva Switzerland
| | - C. Dibner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition; Department of Internal Medicine Specialties; University Hospital of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism; Faculty of Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Diabetes Center; Faculty of Medicine; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3); Geneva Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
The Protective Effects of IGF-I against β-Amyloid-related Downregulation of Hippocampal Somatostatinergic System Involve Activation of Akt and Protein Kinase A. Neuroscience 2018; 374:104-118. [PMID: 29406271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SRIF), a neuropeptide highly distributed in the hippocampus and involved in learning and memory, is markedly reduced in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients. The effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) against β amyloid (Aβ)-induced neuronal death and associated cognitive disorders have been extensively reported in experimental models of this disease. Here, we examined the effect of IGF-I on the hippocampal somatostatinergic system in Aβ-treated rats and the molecular mechanisms associated with changes in this peptidergic system. Intracerebroventricular Aβ25-35 administration during 14 days (300 pmol/day) to male rats increased Aβ25-35 levels and cell death and markedly reduced SRIF and SRIF receptor 2 levels in the hippocampus. These deleterious effects were associated with reduced Akt and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Subcutaneous IGF-I co-administration (50 µg/kg/day) reduced hippocampal Aβ25-35 levels, cell death and JNK activation. In addition, IGF-I prevented the reduction in the components of the somatostatinergic system affected by Aβ infusion. Its co-administration also augmented protein kinase A (PKA) activity, as well as Akt and CREB phosphorylation. These results suggest that IGF-I co-administration may have protective effects on the hippocampal somatostatinergic system against Aβ insult through up-regulation of PKA activity and Akt and CREB phosphorylation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Thomas ME, Friedman NHM, Cisneros-Franco JM, Ouellet L, de Villers-Sidani É. The Prolonged Masking of Temporal Acoustic Inputs with Noise Drives Plasticity in the Adult Rat Auditory Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2018; 29:1032-1046. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maryse E Thomas
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathan H M Friedman
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Miguel Cisneros-Franco
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lydia Ouellet
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne de Villers-Sidani
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hirose H, Yamasaki T, Ogino M, Mizojiri R, Tamura-Okano Y, Yashiro H, Muraki Y, Nakano Y, Sugama J, Hata A, Iwasaki S, Watanabe M, Maekawa T, Kasai S. Discovery of novel 5-oxa-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]oct-6-ene derivatives as potent, selective, and orally available somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SSTR5) antagonists for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bioorg Med Chem 2017. [PMID: 28642028 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (SSTR5) has emerged as a novel attractive drug target for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Starting from N-benzyl azetidine derivatives 1 and 2 as in-house hit compounds, we explored the introduction of a carboxyl group into the terminal benzene of 1 to enhance SSTR5 antagonistic activity by the combination of the substituents at the 3-position of the isoxazoline. Incorporation of a carboxyl group at the 4-position of the benzene ring resulted in a significant enhancement in potency, however, the 4-benzoic acid derivative 10c exhibited moderate human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) inhibitory activity. A subsequent optimization study revealed that replacement of the 4-benzoic acid with an isonipecotic acid dramatically reduced hERG inhibition (5.6% inhibition at 30μM) by eliminating π-related interaction with hERG K+ channel, which resulted in the identification of 1-(2-((2,6-diethoxy-4'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)methyl)-5-oxa-2,6-diazaspiro[3.4]oct-6-en-7-yl)piperidin-4-carboxylic acid 25a (hSSTR5/mSSTR5 IC50=9.6/57nM). Oral administration of 25a in high-fat diet fed C57BL/6J mice augmented insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner and lowered blood glucose concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Hirose
- Research Division Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, SCOHIA PHARMA, Inc., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Yamasaki
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masaki Ogino
- Research Division Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, SCOHIA PHARMA, Inc., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Ryo Mizojiri
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yumiko Tamura-Okano
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yashiro
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yo Muraki
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Nakano
- Global Procurement, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Sugama
- Research Division Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, SCOHIA PHARMA, Inc., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Akito Hata
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shinji Iwasaki
- Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Shonan Research Center, 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Masanori Watanabe
- Research Division Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, SCOHIA PHARMA, Inc., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Maekawa
- Research Division Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, SCOHIA PHARMA, Inc., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| | - Shizuo Kasai
- Research Division Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, SCOHIA PHARMA, Inc., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Michael M, Garcia-Carbonero R, Weber MM, Lombard-Bohas C, Toumpanakis C, Hicks RJ. The Antiproliferative Role of Lanreotide in Controlling Growth of Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Systematic Review. Oncologist 2017; 22:272-285. [PMID: 28220021 PMCID: PMC5344642 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2016-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors, with >50% of cases involving the gastrointestinal system or pancreas. Somatostatin analogs (SSAs) are used for treating NET-related secretory syndromes and, more recently, for their antiproliferative effects. We conducted a systematic review of published literature on the antiproliferative efficacy and safety of the SSA lanreotide Autogel in the management of NETs to gain a fuller understanding of the evidence and identify future areas of research. METHODS Searches were conducted in PubMed up to March 16, 2016, and in the proceedings of four congresses from 2013 to 2016. RESULTS Screening of 1,132 publications identified in the searches found 40 relevant publications, including 27 full-length publications and 13 congress abstracts. Twenty-four of these publications reported antiproliferative efficacy data for lanreotide Autogel. The CLARINET study showed that 120 mg lanreotide Autogel every 4 weeks improves progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with gastroenteropancreatic (GEP)-NETs, with grade 1 or grade 2 (Ki-67 <10%) disease, providing class I evidence of its antiproliferative effects. The CLARINET open-label extension study reported a median PFS of 32.8 months with lanreotide Autogel. Other smaller studies generally support CLARINET. CONCLUSION Current clinical evidence shows that lanreotide Autogel has good antiproliferative activity with favorable safety and tolerability in patients with GEP-NETs, suggesting it should be considered as an early first-line treatment in this population. Further studies are needed to assess the potential benefits of higher doses and the use of lanreotide Autogel in combination therapy and as maintenance therapy in the absence of disease progression following other therapies. The Oncologist 2017;22:272-285 IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This review presents the current clinical evidence for the antiproliferative activity of lanreotide Autogel in patients with midgut or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and shows its effectiveness, safety, and tolerability in these patient populations. By systematically presenting all the clinical evidence, the review adds to existing publications by discussing results in a broad range of settings. The review also indicates future directions for investigation of the use of lanreotide Autogel in NETs originating in other locations, in combination therapy, or as maintenance therapy in progressive disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Michael
- Neuorendocrine Service & Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Rodney J Hicks
- Cancer Imaging & Neuroendocrine Service & Molecular Imaging and Targeted Therapeutics Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The endocrine disrupting potential of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on secretion of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) gut hormone and GLP-1 receptor interaction. Toxicol Lett 2017; 265:97-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
25
|
Ma L, Yin L, Hu Q. Therapeutic compounds for Cushing's syndrome: a patent review (2012-2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:1307-1323. [PMID: 27454103 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1217331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS) is a set of disorders caused by chronic exposure to excess glucocorticoids induced by neuroendocrine tumors in pituitary, adrenals, and infrequently other sites (ectopic ACTH syndrome). Due to various comorbidities, CS patients exhibit higher risks of cardiovascular diseases and thus increased mortality. Pharmaceutical therapy is an important constituent of treatment regimen. Areas covered: Patents published since 2012 are reviewed, which claim therapeutic compounds interfering with ACTH secretion and down-stream signal transduction, inhibiting cortisol biosynthesis and antagonizing glucocorticoid receptors. Advances focus on a) new analogues with improved efficacy and PK properties or less off-target toxicity; b) existing drugs (candidates) being repurposed to treat CS; and c) novel strategies such as selective inhibition of CYP11B1. Expert opinion: New compounds against established targets need to be developed because current drugs lack selectivity leading to off-target toxicity. Selective inhibition of CYP11B1 is a novel alternative strategy and is potentially versatile in controlling all types of hypercortisolism. Selective multi-targeting enzymes in steroidogenesis network is promising due to potential synergistic effects. However, doses toward each targets are not feasible to adjust because the corresponding intrinsic potencies are rigid. Targeting PRKACA mutations is promising in treating CS caused by adrenal adenomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- a College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , China PR
| | | | - Qingzhong Hu
- c Department of Chemistry , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bronstein MD, Jallad RS. Pasireotide for treating acromegaly. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2016. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2016.1167593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
27
|
Berardi R, Morgese F, Torniai M, Savini A, Partelli S, Rinaldi S, Caramanti M, Ferrini C, Falconi M, Cascinu S. Medical treatment for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:389-401. [PMID: 27096034 PMCID: PMC4824717 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i4.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) represents a various family of rare tumours. Surgery is the first choice in GEP-NENs patients with localized disease whilst in the metastatic setting many other treatment options are available. Somatostatin analogues are indicated for symptoms control in functioning tumours. Furthermore they may be effective to inhibit tumour progression. GEP-NENs pathogenesis has been extensively studied in the last years therefore several driver mutations pathway genes have been identified as crucial factors in their tumourigenesis. GEP-NENs can over-express vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic-fibroblastic growth factor, transforming growth factor (TGF-α and -β), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and their receptors PDGF receptor, IGF-1 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, VEGF receptor, and c-kit (stem cell factor receptor) that can be considered as potential targets. The availability of new targeted agents, such as everolimus and sunitinib that are effective in advanced and metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours, has provided new treatment opportunities. Many trials combing new drugs are ongoing.
Collapse
|
28
|
Vitali E, Cambiaghi V, Zerbi A, Carnaghi C, Colombo P, Peverelli E, Spada A, Mantovani G, Lania AG. Filamin-A is required to mediate SST2 effects in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:181-90. [PMID: 26733502 DOI: 10.1530/erc-15-0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin receptor type 2 (SST2) is the main pharmacological target of somatostatin (SS) analogues widely used in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (P-NETs), this treatment being ineffective in a subset of patients. Since it has been demonstrated that Filamin A (FLNA) is involved in mediating GPCR expression, membrane anchoring and signalling, we investigated the role of this cytoskeleton protein in SST2 expression and signalling, angiogenesis, cell adhesion and cell migration in human P-NETs and in QGP1 cell line. We demonstrated that FLNA silencing was not able to affect SST2 expression in P-NET cells in basal conditions. Conversely, a significant reduction in SST2 expression (-43 ± 21%, P < 0.05 vs untreated cells) was observed in FLNA silenced QGP1 cells after long term SST2 activation with BIM23120. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of BIM23120 on cyclin D1 expression (-46 ± 18%, P < 0.05 vs untreated cells), P-ERK1/2 levels (-42 ± 14%; P < 0.05 vs untreated cells), cAMP accumulation (-24 ± 3%, P < 0.05 vs untreated cells), VEGF expression (-31 ± 5%, P < 0.01 vs untreated cells) and in vitro release (-40 ± 24%, P < 0.05 vs untreated cells) was completely lost after FLNA silencing. Interestingly, BIM23120 promoted cell adhesion (+86 ± 45%, P < 0.05 vs untreated cells) and inhibited cell migration (-24 ± 2%, P < 0.00001 vs untreated cells) in P-NETs cells and these effects were abolished in FLNA silenced cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that FLNA plays a crucial role in SST2 expression and signalling, angiogenesis, cell adhesion and cell migration in P-NETs and in QGP1 cell line, suggesting a possible role of FLNA in determining the different responsiveness to SS analogues observed in P-NET patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vitali
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular EndocrinologyIRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPancreas Surgery UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyMedical Oncology and Hematology UnitCancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPathology UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyFondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoEndocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via F Sforza 35, 20100 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyEndocrinology UnitHumanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cambiaghi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular EndocrinologyIRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPancreas Surgery UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyMedical Oncology and Hematology UnitCancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPathology UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyFondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoEndocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via F Sforza 35, 20100 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyEndocrinology UnitHumanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zerbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular EndocrinologyIRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPancreas Surgery UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyMedical Oncology and Hematology UnitCancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPathology UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyFondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoEndocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via F Sforza 35, 20100 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyEndocrinology UnitHumanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Carnaghi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular EndocrinologyIRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPancreas Surgery UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyMedical Oncology and Hematology UnitCancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPathology UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyFondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoEndocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via F Sforza 35, 20100 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyEndocrinology UnitHumanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Colombo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular EndocrinologyIRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPancreas Surgery UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyMedical Oncology and Hematology UnitCancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPathology UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyFondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoEndocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via F Sforza 35, 20100 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyEndocrinology UnitHumanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Peverelli
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular EndocrinologyIRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPancreas Surgery UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyMedical Oncology and Hematology UnitCancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPathology UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyFondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoEndocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via F Sforza 35, 20100 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyEndocrinology UnitHumanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Spada
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular EndocrinologyIRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPancreas Surgery UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyMedical Oncology and Hematology UnitCancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPathology UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyFondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoEndocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via F Sforza 35, 20100 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyEndocrinology UnitHumanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular EndocrinologyIRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPancreas Surgery UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyMedical Oncology and Hematology UnitCancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPathology UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyFondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoEndocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via F Sforza 35, 20100 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyEndocrinology UnitHumanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea G Lania
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular EndocrinologyIRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPancreas Surgery UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyMedical Oncology and Hematology UnitCancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPathology UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyFondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoEndocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via F Sforza 35, 20100 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyEndocrinology UnitHumanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular EndocrinologyIRCCS Clinical and Research Institute Humanitas, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPancreas Surgery UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyMedical Oncology and Hematology UnitCancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyPathology UnitIRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, ItalyFondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore PoliclinicoEndocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via F Sforza 35, 20100 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical SciencesHumanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, ItalyEndocrinology UnitHumanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Perianes-Cachero A, Canelles S, Aguado-Llera D, Frago LM, Toledo-Lobo MV, Carrera I, Cacabelos R, Chowen JA, Argente J, Arilla-Ferreiro E, Barrios V. Reduction in Aβ-induced cell death in the hippocampus of 17β-estradiol-treated female rats is associated with an increase in IGF-I signaling and somatostatinergic tone. J Neurochem 2015; 135:1257-71. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Perianes-Cachero
- Neurobiochemistry Group; Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Department of Endocrinology; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús; Instituto de Investigación La Princesa; Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - David Aguado-Llera
- Neurobiochemistry Group; Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Laura M. Frago
- Department of Endocrinology; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús; Instituto de Investigación La Princesa; Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - María Val Toledo-Lobo
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology; Universidad de Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias (IRYCIS); Madrid Spain
| | - Iván Carrera
- Department of Neuroscience; EuroEspes Biotechnology; Polígono de Bergondo; A Coruña Spain
| | - Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center; Institute for CNS Disorders and Chair of Genomic Medicine; University of Camilo José Cela; Villanueva de la Cañada Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús; Instituto de Investigación La Princesa; Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús; Instituto de Investigación La Princesa; Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| | - Eduardo Arilla-Ferreiro
- Neurobiochemistry Group; Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de Alcalá; Alcalá de Henares Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology; Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús; Instituto de Investigación La Princesa; Madrid Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN); Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Madrid Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Farrell SR, Rankin DR, Brecha NC, Barnes S. Somatostatin receptor subtype 4 modulates L-type calcium channels via Gβγ and PKC signaling in rat retinal ganglion cells. Channels (Austin) 2015; 8:519-27. [PMID: 25483286 DOI: 10.4161/19336950.2014.967623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin subtype-4 receptors (sst4) inhibit L-type calcium channel currents (ICa) in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Here we identify the signaling pathways involved in sst4 stimulation leading to suppression of ICa in RGCs. Whole cell patch clamp recordings were made on isolated immunopanned RGCs using barium as a charge carrier to isolate ICa. Application of the selective sst4 agonist, L-803 (10 nM), reduced ICa by 41.2%. Pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin (Gi/o inhibitor) did not prevent the action of L-803, which reduced ICa by 34.7%. To determine the involvement of Gβγ subunits after sst4 activation, depolarizing pre-pulse facilitation paradigms were used to remove voltage-dependent inhibition of calcium channels. Pre-pulse facilitation did not reverse the inhibitory effects of L-803 on ICa (8.4 vs. 8.8% reductions, ctrl vs. L-803); however, pharmacologic inhibition of Gβγ reduced ICa suppression by L-803 (23.0%, P < 0.05). Inhibition of PKC (GF109203X; GFX) showed a concentration-dependent effect in preventing the action of L-803 on ICa (1 μM GFX, 34.3%; 5 μM GFX, 14.6%, P < 0.05). When both PKC and Gβγ were inhibited, the effects of L-803 on ICa were blocked (1.8%, P < 0.05). These results suggest that sst4 stimulation modulates RGC calcium channels via Gβγ and PKC activation. Since reducing intracellular Ca(2+) is known to be neuroprotective in RGCs, modulating these sst4 signaling pathways may provide insights to the discovery of unique therapeutic targets to reduce intracellular Ca(2+) levels in RGCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spring R Farrell
- a Department of Physiology & Biophysics ; Dalhousie University ; Halifax , NS , Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Maffei A, Segal AM, Alvarez-Perez JC, Garcia-Ocaña A, Harris PE. Anti-incretin, Anti-proliferative Action of Dopamine on β-Cells. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:542-57. [PMID: 25751312 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human islet β-cells exploit an autocrine dopamine (DA)-mediated inhibitory circuit to regulate insulin secretion. β-Cells also express the DA active transporter and the large neutral amino acid transporter heterodimer enabling them to import circulating DA or its biosynthetic precursor, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). The capacity to import DA or L-DOPA from the extracellular space possibly indicates that DA may be an endocrine signal as well. In humans, a mixed meal stimulus is accompanied by contemporary serum excursions of incretins, DA and L-DOPA, suggesting that DA may act as an anti-incretin as postulated by the foregut hypothesis proposed to explain the early effects of bariatric surgery on type 2 diabetes. In this report, we take a translational step backwards and characterize the kinetics of plasma DA and incretin production after a mixed meal challenge in a rat model and study the integration of incretin and DA signaling at the biochemical level in a rodent β-cell line and islets. We found that there are similar excursions of incretins and DA in rats, as those reported in humans, after a mixed meal challenge and that DA counters incretin enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and intracellular signaling at multiple points from dampening calcium fluxes to inhibiting proliferation as well as apoptosis. Our data suggest that DA is an important regulator of insulin secretion and may represent 1 axis of a gut level circuit of glucose and β-cell mass homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Maffei
- Division of Endocrinology (A.M., P.H.), Department of Medicine, and Department of Surgery (A.M.S.), Columbia University Medical College, New York, New York 10032; Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (A.M.), Adriano Buzzati-Traverso, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80131 Naples, Italy; and Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases (J.C.A.-P., A.G.-O.), Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, New York, New York 10029
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Leiszter K, Sipos F, Galamb O, Krenács T, Veres G, Wichmann B, Fűri I, Kalmár A, Patai ÁV, Tóth K, Valcz G, Tulassay Z, Molnár B. Promoter hypermethylation-related reduced somatostatin production promotes uncontrolled cell proliferation in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118332. [PMID: 25723531 PMCID: PMC4344335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatostatin (SST) has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. Our aims were to analyze and compare the SST expression during normal aging and colorectal carcinogenesis at mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we tested the methylation status of SST in biopsy samples, and the cell growth inhibitory effect of the SST analogue octreotide in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. METHODS Colonic samples were collected from healthy children (n1 = 6), healthy adults (n2 = 41) and colorectal cancer patients (CRCs) (n3 = 34) for SST mRNA expression analysis, using HGU133 Plus2.0 microarrays. Results were validated both on original (n1 = 6; n2 = 6; n3 = 6) and independent samples ((n1 = 6; n2 = 6; n3 = 6) by real-time PCR. SST expressing cells were detected by immunohistochemistry on colonic biopsy samples (n1 = 14; n2 = 20; n3 = 23). The effect of octreotide on cell growth was tested on Caco-2 cell line. SST methylation percentage in biopsy samples (n1 = 5; n2 = 5; n3 = 9) was defined using methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion. RESULTS In case of normal aging SST mRNA expression did not alter, but decreased in cancer (p < 0.05). The ratio of SST immunoreactive cells was significantly higher in children (0.70% ± 0.79%) compared to CRC (0% ± 0%) (p < 0.05). Octreotide significantly increased the proportion of apoptotic Caco-2 cells. SST showed significantly higher methylation level in tumor samples (30.2% ± 11.6%) compared to healthy young individuals (3.5% ± 1.9%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In cancerous colonic mucosa the reduced SST production may contribute to the uncontrolled cell proliferation. Our observation that in colon cancer cells octreotide significantly enhanced cell death and attenuated cell proliferation suggests that SST may act as a regulator of epithelial cell kinetics. The inhibition of SST expression in CRC can be epigenetically regulated by promoter hypermethylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Leiszter
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Galamb
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Veres
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barna Wichmann
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Fűri
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád V. Patai
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Tóth
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Prasoon P, Kumar R, Gautam M, Sebastian EK, Reeta KH, Ray SB. Role of somatostatin and somatostatin receptor type 2 in postincisional nociception in rats. Neuropeptides 2015; 49:47-54. [PMID: 25599867 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SST) and the somatostatin receptor type 2 (sstr2) are expressed in the superficial part (Laminae I-III) of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Since the neurons in these laminae also receive nociceptive sensation from the periphery, it was hypothesized that both SST and sstr2 could be involved in the modulation of nociceptive transmission. To the best of knowledge, there are no studies on the involvement of SST and sstr2 in hind paw incision model in rats, which mimics postoperative pain in humans. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to hind paw incision under isoflurane anaesthesia and the resulting mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated for 5 days. In another set of animals, the spinal cord was isolated at specified time intervals after incision and examined for SST and sstr2 expression using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting procedures. Finally, nociceptive parameters were again evaluated in incised rats, which had received SST (400 µg/kg i.p. three times per day). Blood glucose level and locomotor activity were determined after SST treatment. Both allodynia and hyperalgesia were highest immediately after incision. Spinal SST expression increased at 2 h. A further increase was noted on day 3. Expression of sstr2 increased initially but decreased at day 1. These changes could be due to exocytosis of SST and internalization of the ligand-receptor complex. SST injection significantly attenuated mechanical allodynia but not thermal hyperalgesia. Significant change in blood glucose level or locomotor activity was absent. SST appears to contribute to postincisional pain. This finding could be of clinical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Prasoon
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mayank Gautam
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ebin K Sebastian
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - K H Reeta
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Subrata Basu Ray
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ayiomamitis GD, Notas G, Zaravinos A, Drygiannakis I, Georgiadou M, Sfakianaki O, Mastrodimou N, Thermos K, Kouroumalis E. Effects of octreotide and insulin on colon cancer cellular proliferation and correlation with hTERT activity. Oncoscience 2014; 1:457-67. [PMID: 25594044 PMCID: PMC4284627 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide hormone somatostatin and its receptors have a wide range of physiological functions and play a role in the treatment of numerous human diseases, including colorectal cancer. Octreotide, a synthetic somatostatin-analog peptide, inhibits growth of colonic cancer cells primarily by binding to G-protein coupled receptors and elicits cellular responses through second-messenger systems. Insulin also initiates mitogenic signals in certain cell types. The objective of the present study was to explore the effects of octreotide with or without insulin treatment, on Caco-2 and HT-29 human colon-cancer cell proliferation and to correlate their effects with the activation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). The involvement of protein tyrosine phosphatases in the regulation of the anti-proliferative effect of octreotide was also evaluated. Sodium orthovanadate was used to reverse the anti- proliferative effect of octreotide. Telomerase activity was determined for each time point under octreotide and/or insulin treatment. Elevated expression of sst1, sst2 and sst5 was confirmed in both cell lines by RT-PCR. Immunocytochemistry detected sst1, sst2A, sst2B, sst3, sst4 and sst5 protein expression in the membranes of both cell lines. Octreotide inhibited the proliferation of Caco-2 and HT-29 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. Insulin exerted proliferative effects in Caco-2 cells and octreotide reversed its effect in both cell lines. Sodium orthovanadate suppressed the anti-proliferative effect of octreotide both in Caco-2 and HT-29 cells. Telomerase activity was significantly reduced when Caco-2 cells were exposed to octreotide, under serum-free cultured medium. On the other hand, telomerase attenuation after octreotide treatment could not counteract the actions of insulin on both cells. Our data indicate that the use of octreotide could provide a possible therapeutic approach to the management of certain patients who suffer from colon cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D Ayiomamitis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece ; 2nd Department of Surgery, Tzaneion General Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - George Notas
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece ; Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece ; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Georgiadou
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ourania Sfakianaki
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Niki Mastrodimou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Thermos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Elias Kouroumalis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece ; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chen W, Ke JB, Wu HJ, Miao Y, Li F, Yang XL, Wang Z. Somatostatin receptor-mediated suppression of gabaergic synaptic transmission in cultured rat retinal amacrine cells. Neuroscience 2014; 273:118-27. [PMID: 24846611 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SRIF) modulates neurotransmitter release by activating the specific receptors (sst1-sst5). Our previous study showed that sst5 receptors are expressed in rat retinal GABAergic amacrine cells. Here, we investigated modulation of GABA release by SRIF in cultured amacrine cells, using patch-clamp techniques. The frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) in the amacrine cells was significantly reduced by SRIF, which was partially reversed by BIM 23056, an sst5 receptor antagonist, and was further rescued by addition of CYN-154806, an sst2 receptor antagonist. Both nimodipine, an L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, and ω-conotoxin GVIA, an N-type Ca2+ channel blocker, suppressed the sIPSC frequency, and in the presence of nimodipine and ω-conotoxin GVIA, SRIF failed to further suppress the sIPSC frequency. Extracellular application of forskolin, an activator of adenylate cyclase, increased the sIPSC frequency, while the membrane permeable protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp-cAMP reduced it, and in the presence of Rp-cAMP, SRIF did not change sIPSCs. However, SRIF persisted to suppress the sIPSCs in the presence of KT5823, a protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor. Moreover, pre-incubation with Bis IV, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, or pre-application of xestospongin C, an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) inhibitor, SRIF still suppressed the sIPSC frequency. All these results suggest that SRIF suppresses GABA release from the amacrine cells by inhibiting presynaptic Ca2+ channels, in part through activating sst5/sst2 receptors, a process that is mediated by the intracellular cAMP-PKA signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Chen
- Institutes of Brain Science, Institute of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - J B Ke
- Institutes of Brain Science, Institute of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - H J Wu
- Institutes of Brain Science, Institute of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Y Miao
- Institutes of Brain Science, Institute of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - F Li
- Institutes of Brain Science, Institute of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - X L Yang
- Institutes of Brain Science, Institute of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Z Wang
- Institutes of Brain Science, Institute of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Riaz H, Dong P, Shahzad M, Yang L. Constitutive and follicle-stimulating hormone-induced action of somatostatin receptor-2 on regulation of apoptosis and steroidogenesis in bovine granulosa cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 141:150-9. [PMID: 24530462 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we employed primary bovine culture of granulosa cells (GCs) as a cellular model to study the potential involvement of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) in ovarian function. The results showed that bovine GCs expressed SST2 receptor and further found that SSTR2 was possibly regulated by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), as a significant increase in protein level of SSTR2 was observed in FSH-treated GCs. For further analysis, endogenous SSTR2 expression was disrupted using small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) and the efficacy of differential silencing of endogenous SSTR2 expression was measured both at transcriptional and translational levels. Transient blockage of SSTR2 evidenced its constitutive action on GCs, as it significantly increased level of cAMP (2.4-folds) and basal progesterone production (∼2-fold, P<0.05) with significant increase (P<0.05) in mRNA levels of StAR and P450ssc without altering estradiol concentration and aromatase mRNA expression. Furthermore, silencing of SSTR2 reduced GCs apoptosis (52.5%, P<0.05) and increased cell proliferation, which was further corroborated by up-regulation in protein expressions of B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), inhibition of caspase3 and mRNA level of bcl2-associated-X protein (Bax). These results provide evidence that SSTR2 subtype controls GCs apoptosis, proliferation and hormonal secretions through selective constitutive action, independently of somatostatin (SST). Given the local inhibitory actions of SSTR2 on the gonads, we further found that apoptosis in ssRNAi-2 transfected cells decreased (6.8% vs 1.9%, P<0.05) more strongly on FSH treatment. Apoptotic protein expressions and steroid hormone mRNA levels were correlated with a relative decrease in apoptosis and increase in progesterone production. Our results suggest that SSTR2 may play a crucial role as a local inhibitor of FSH action on GCs apoptosis and steroidogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Riaz
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- College of Animal Sciences, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Öberg K. Somatostatin analog octreotide LAR®in gastro–entero–pancreatic tumors. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 9:557-66. [DOI: 10.1586/era.09.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
38
|
|
39
|
Masyuk TV, Radtke BN, Stroope AJ, Banales JM, Gradilone SA, Huang B, Masyuk AI, Hogan MC, Torres VE, LaRusso NF. Pasireotide is more effective than octreotide in reducing hepatorenal cystogenesis in rodents with polycystic kidney and liver diseases. Hepatology 2013; 58:409-21. [PMID: 23172758 PMCID: PMC3616157 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In polycystic liver (PLD) and kidney (PKD) diseases, increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels trigger hepatorenal cystogenesis. A reduction of the elevated cAMP by targeting somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) with octreotide (OCT; a somatostatin analog that preferentially binds to SSTR2) inhibits cyst growth. Here we compare the effects of OCT to pasireotide (PAS; a more potent somatostatin analog with broader receptor specificity) on: (1) cAMP levels, cell cycle, proliferation, and cyst expansion in vitro using cholangiocytes derived from control and PCK rats (a model of autosomal recessive PKD [ARPKD]), healthy human beings, and patients with autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD); and (2) hepatorenal cystogenesis in vivo in PCK rats and Pkd2(WS25/-) mice (a model of ADPKD). Expression of SSTRs was assessed in control and cystic cholangiocytes of rodents and human beings. Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (both involved in indirect action of somatostatin analogs), and expression and localization of SSTRs after treatment were evaluated. We found that PAS was more potent (by 30%-45%) than OCT in reducing cAMP and cell proliferation, affecting cell cycle distribution, decreasing growth of cultured cysts in vitro, and inhibiting hepatorenal cystogenesis in vivo in PCK rats and Pkd2(WS25/-) mice. The levels of IGF1 (but not VEGF) were reduced only in response to PAS. Expression of SSTR1 and SSTR2 (but not SSTR3 and SSTR5) was decreased in cystic cholangiocytes compared to control. Although both OCT and PAS increased the immunoreactivity of SSTR2, only PAS up-regulated SSTR1; neither drug affected cellular localization of SSTRs. CONCLUSION PAS is more effective than OCT in reducing hepatorenal cystogenesis in rodent models; therefore, it might be more beneficial for the treatment of PKD and PLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V Masyuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Brynn N Radtke
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Angela J Stroope
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Jesús M Banales
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation of Science, Division of Hepatology, Biodonostia Institute, Donostia Hospital, CIBERehd, University of Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sergio A Gradilone
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Bing Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Anatoliy I Masyuk
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Marie C Hogan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Vicente E Torres
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Nicholas F LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhao R, Zhang R, Li W, Liao Y, Tang J, Miao Q, Hao W. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns in discordant sib pairs with alcohol dependence. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2013; 5:39-50. [PMID: 23857790 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol dependence is a complex disease caused by a confluence of environmental and genetic factors. Epigenetic mechanisms have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol dependence. METHODS To determine if alterations in gene-specific methylation were associated with alcohol dependence, a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from alcohol-dependent patients and siblings without alcohol dependence as controls. The Illumina Infinium Human Methylation450 BeadChip was used and gene-specific methylation of DNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was assessed. Genes ALDH1L2, GAD1, DBH and GABRP were selected to validate beadchip results by pyrosequencing. RESULTS Compared to normal controls, 865 hypomethylated and 716 hypermethylated CG sites in peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA in alcohol-dependent patients were identified. The most hypomethylated CG site is located in the promoter of SSTR4 (somatostatin receptor 4) and the most hypermethylated CG site is GABRP (gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor). The results from beadchip analysis were consistent with that of pyrosequencing. DISCUSSION DNA methylation might be associated with alcohol dependence. Genes SSTR4, ALDH1L2, GAD1, DBH and GABRP may participate in the biological process of alcohol dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhao
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Albertelli M, Arvigo M, Boschetti M, Ferone D, Gatto F, Minuto F. Somatostatin receptor pathophysiology in the neuroendocrine system. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2013; 8:149-157. [PMID: 30736175 DOI: 10.1586/eem.13.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The actions of somatostatin (SRIF) are mediated by specific G protein-coupled receptors, named SRIF receptor (SSTR) subtypes 1, 2, 3 and 5. SRIF binding to SSTR activates a series of second messenger systems, resulting in the inhibition of calcium channels and adenylate cyclase activity, ultimately leading to inhibition of hormone secretion, while stimulation of other second messengers, such as phosphotyrosine phosphatases play a role in the control of cell growth. The SSTR and dopamine receptor families share a 30% sequence homology and appear to be structurally related. The knowledge on the pathophysiology of these two families of G protein-coupled receptors in neuroendocrine tumors has progressively increased due to the new insights in receptor dimerization, internalization and trafficking. Depending on the expression of different SSTRs in tissues, their combinations and interactions affect the functionality of the subtypes expressed and the influence of the microenvironment, the response to ligands and, by consequence, the response to treatment can be very different.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marica Arvigo
- a Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Mara Boschetti
- a Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- b IRCSS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Diego Ferone
- a Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- b IRCSS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Federico Gatto
- a Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Minuto
- a Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
- b IRCSS AOU San Martino - IST, Genova, Italy
- c Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shpakov AO. Somatostatin receptors and signaling cascades coupled to them. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093012040020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
43
|
Shpakov AO, Shpakova EA. [Development of non-hormonal regulators of adenylyl cyclase signaling system on the basis of peptides, derivatives of the third intracellular loop of somatostatin receptors]. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2012; 58:446-456. [PMID: 23413689 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20125804446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In the majority of the serpentine type receptors the third intracellular loop (ICL-3) is responsible for interaction with heterotrimeric G-proteins and for transduction of hormonal signal to the enzymes, generators of the second messengers. It was found that the peptides corresponding to ICL-3 influence functional activity of hormonal signaling systems in the absence of the hormone and, in consequence, can be considered as prototypes for the development of selective regulators of these systems. We have originally synthesized peptides corresponding to C-terminal regions 255-269 and 240 254 of ICL-3 of type 1 and 2 rat somatostatin receptors (Som1R and Som2R). Micromolar concentrations of these peptides activated Gi-proteins and inhibited forskolin-stimulated activity of adenylyl cyclase (AC) in rat brain tissues. The peptide 255-269 of Som1R is a selective antagonist of Som1R, and the peptide 240-254 of Som2R is an agonist of Som1R. So, the peptide 255-269 of Som1R decreased the regulatory effects of somatostatin and selective Som1R-agonist CH-275 realized via the receptor homologous to them, while the peptide 240-254 of Som2R, on the contrary, increased AC inhibitory action of CH-275. Both peptides insignificantly influenced regulatory effects of the Som2R-agonist octreotide. Summing up, the peptides studied by us are selective regulators of somatostatin-sensitive AC system. Using the peptides it was shown that ICL-3 of Som1R and Som2R includes the main molecular determinants that are responsible for activation of Gi-proteins and regulation of AC system by somatostatin and its analogues.
Collapse
|
44
|
Nardo GD, Oliva S, Aloi M, Ferrari F, Frediani S, Marcheggiano A, Cucchiara S. A pediatric non-protein losing Menetrier's disease successfully treated with octreotide long acting release. World J Gastroenterol 2012; 18:2727-9. [PMID: 22690084 PMCID: PMC3370012 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v18.i21.2727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 08/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric Menetrier’s disease (MD) is an uncommon, acute, self-limited hypertrophic gastropathy characterized by enlarged gastric folds associated with epithelial hyperplasia and usually accompanied by protein losing gastropathy. Gastric cytomegalovirus infection is found in one third of MD children and its treatment is often associated with remission. Diagnosis often requires full-thickness biopsy due to inability to detect typical histological findings with conventional endoscopic biopsy. We report an uncommon case of non self-limited pediatric MD needing endoscopic mucosal resection for diagnosis which was then successfully treated with octreotide long-acting release (LAR). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first pediatric MD case successfully treated with octreotide LAR. Our experience suggests octreotide LAR as treatment for refractory MD before gastrectomy.
Collapse
|
45
|
War SA, Kumar U. Coexpression of human somatostatin receptor-2 (SSTR2) and SSTR3 modulates antiproliferative signaling and apoptosis. J Mol Signal 2012; 7:5. [PMID: 22651821 PMCID: PMC3403965 DOI: 10.1186/1750-2187-7-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatostatin (SST) via five Gi coupled receptors namely SSTR1-5 is known to inhibit cell proliferation by cytostatic and cytotoxic mechanisms. Heterodimerization plays a crucial role in modulating the signal transduction pathways of SSTR subtypes. In the present study, we investigated human SSTR2/SSTR3 heterodimerization, internalization, MAPK signaling, cell proliferation and apoptosis in HEK-293 cells in response to SST and specific agonists for SSTR2 and SSTR3. RESULTS Although in basal conditions, SSTR2 and SSTR3 colocalize at the plasma membrane and exhibit heterodimerization, the cell surface distribution of both receptors decreased upon agonist activation and was accompanied by a parallel increase in intracellular colocalization. Receptors activation by SST and specific agonists significantly decreased cAMP levels in cotransfected cells in comparison to control. Agonist-mediated modulation of pERK1/2 was time and concentration-dependent, and pronounced in serum-deprived conditions. pERK1/2 was inhibited in response to SST; conversely receptor-specific agonist treatment caused inhibition at lower concentration and activation at higher concentration. Strikingly, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was sustained upon prolonged treatment with SST but not with receptor-specific agonists. On the other hand, SST and receptor-specific agonists modulated p38 phosphorylation time-dependently. The receptor activation in cotransfected cells exhibits Gi-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation attributed to increased PARP-1 expression and TUNEL staining, whereas induction of p21 and p27Kip1 suggests a cytostatic effect. CONCLUSION Our study provides new insights in SSTR2/SSTR3 mediated signaling which might help in better understanding of the molecular interactions involving SSTRs in tumor biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad A War
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Cuny T, Mohamed A, Graillon T, Roche C, Defilles C, Germanetti AL, Couderc B, Figarella-Branger D, Enjalbert A, Barlier A, Saveanu A. Somatostatin receptor sst2 gene transfer in human prolactinomas in vitro: impact on sensitivity to dopamine, somatostatin and dopastatin, in the control of prolactin secretion. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 355:106-13. [PMID: 22348806 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2012.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2011] [Revised: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As prolactinomas fail to respond to dopamine agonist (DA) in 10-20% of cases, we hypothesized that somatostatin subtype 2 receptor (sst2) overexpression in DA-resistant prolactinomas may enhance suppression of prolactine (PRL) using chimeric agonist (dopastatin) that simultaneously binds sst2 and the dopamine subtype 2 receptor (D2DR). DESIGN AND METHODS PRL suppression by octreotide, sst5 agonist, sst2-D2DR agonist (BIM-23A760 dopastatin) and cabergoline was assessed in primary cultures of seven DA-resistant prolactinomas overexpressing sst2. RESULTS sst2 was effectively overexpressed via adenoviral expression in prolactinomas (38.1±7.4 vs. 0.1±0.1 copy/copy β-Gus) and induced octreotide sst2-mediated PRL suppression that remained lower than that induced by DA. BIM-23A760 inhibited PRL similarly to cabergoline both in the control and sst2-expressing cells. Antagonist experiments confirmed predominant dopaminergic effect in dopastatin activity. CONCLUSION sst2 was successfully overexpressed in prolactinomas. However BIM-23A760 was unable to enhance PRL suppression underlining a predominant dopaminergic contribution in its action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Cuny
- Aix-Marseille University, CRN2M, UMR 7286-CNRS, 51, Bd Pierre Dramard, 13344 Marseille, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
The Concept of Divergent Targeting through the Activation and Inhibition of Receptors as a Novel Chemotherapeutic Strategy: Signaling Responses to Strong DNA-Reactive Combinatorial Mimicries. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2012; 2012:282050. [PMID: 22523681 PMCID: PMC3317223 DOI: 10.1155/2012/282050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we reported the combination of multitargeted ErbB1 inhibitor-DNA damage combi-molecules with OCT in order to downregulate ErbB1 and activate SSTRs. Absence of translation to cell kill was believed to be partially due to insufficient ErbB1 blockage and DNA damage. In this study, we evaluated cell response to molecules that damage DNA more aggressively and induce stronger attenuation of ErbB1 phosphorylation. We used three cell lines expressing low levels (U87MG) or transfected to overexpress wildtype (U87/EGFR) or a variant (U87/EGFRvIII) of ErbB1. The results showed that Iressa ± HN2 and the combi-molecules, ZRBA4 and ZR2003, significantly blocked ErbB1 phosphorylation in U87MG cells. Addition of OCT significantly altered cell cycle distribution. Analysis of the DNA damage response pathway revealed strong upregulation of p53 by HN2 and the combi-molecules. Apoptosis was only induced by a 48 h exposure to HN2. All other treatments resulted in cell necrosis. This is in agreement with Akt-Bad pathway activation and survivin upregulation. Despite strong DNA damaging properties and downregulation of ErbB1 phosphorylation by these molecules, the strongest effect of SSTR activation was on cell cycle distribution. Therefore, any enhanced antiproliferative effects of combining ErbB1 inhibition with SSTR activation must be addressed in the context of cell cycle arrest.
Collapse
|
48
|
Holst JJ, McGill MA. Potential new approaches to modifying intestinal GLP-1 secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: focus on bile acid sequestrants. Clin Drug Investig 2012; 32:1-14. [PMID: 21958333 DOI: 10.2165/11595370-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a progressive decline in insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells, an increase in hepatic glucose production, and a decrease in insulin sensitivity. The incretin hormones glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) stimulate glucose-induced insulin secretion; however, in patients with type 2 diabetes, the incretin system is impaired by loss of the insulinotropic effects of GIP as well as a possible reduction in secretion of GLP-1. Agents that modify GLP-1 secretion may have a role in the management of type 2 diabetes. The currently available incretin-based therapies, GLP-1 receptor agonists (incretin mimetics) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors (CD26 antigen inhibitors) [incretin enhancers], are safe and effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, they may be unable to halt the progression of type 2 diabetes, perhaps because they do not increase secretion of endogenous GLP-1. Therapies that directly target intestinal L cells to stimulate secretion of endogenous GLP-1 could possibly prove more effective than treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists and DPP-4 inhibitors. Potential new approaches to modifying intestinal GLP-1 secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes include G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists, α-glucosidase inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists, metformin, bile acid mimetics and bile acid sequestrants. Both the GPCR agonist AR231453 and the novel bile acid mimetic INT-777 have been shown to stimulate GLP-1 release, leading to increased insulin secretion and improved glucose tolerance in mice. Similarly, a study in insulin-resistant rats demonstrated that the bile acid sequestrant colesevelam increased GLP-1 secretion and improved glucose levels and insulin resistance. In addition, the bile acid sequestrant colestimide (colestilan) has been shown to increase GLP-1 secretion and decrease glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes; these results suggest that the glucose-lowering effects of bile acid sequestrants may be partly due to their ability to increase endogenous GLP-1 levels. Evidence suggests that GPCR agonists, α-glucosidase inhibitors, PPAR agonists, metformin, bile acid mimetics and bile acid sequestrants may represent a new approach to management of type 2 diabetes via modification of endogenous GLP-1 secretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Juul Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yang Y, Zhang DH, Chen Y, Yu SG, Zeng F. Correlation between the brain-gut interaction and acupuncture treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:491-496. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i6.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture has been proven to be effective in treating functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs), which are common digestive diseases. Recent studies have proven that dysfunction of the "Brain-Gut-Axis" (BGA) might be an important pathogenetic factor for FGIDs. The curative effect of acupuncture on FGIDs could mainly be attributed to its modulation effect on the BGA. Increasing attention has been paid to the study of the interaction between the central nervous system and brain-gut peptide in patients with FGIDs due to the development of functional imaging and the progress in research of the brain-gut peptide. Acupuncture has been extensively used in treating FGIDs clinically. Substantial studies have shown that acupuncture could modulate the central nervous system and the brain-gut peptide. In this article we are going to summarize the correlation between the brain-gut interaction and the curative effect of acupuncture in terms of central nervous system and the metabolism of brain-gut peptide.
Collapse
|
50
|
Martel G, Dutar P, Epelbaum J, Viollet C. Somatostatinergic systems: an update on brain functions in normal and pathological aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:154. [PMID: 23230430 PMCID: PMC3515867 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Somatostatin is highly expressed in mammalian brain and is involved in many brain functions such as motor activity, sleep, sensory, and cognitive processes. Five somatostatin receptors have been described: sst(1), sst(2) (A and B), sst(3), sst(4), and sst(5), all belonging to the G-protein-coupled receptor family. During the recent years, numerous studies contributed to clarify the role of somatostatin systems, especially long-range somatostatinergic interneurons, in several functions they have been previously involved in. New advances have also been made on the alterations of somatostatinergic systems in several brain diseases and on the potential therapeutic target they represent in these pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cécile Viollet
- *Correspondence: Cécile Viollet, Inserm UMR894 - Center for Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2 ter rue d’Alésia, 75014 Paris, France. e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|