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Chaemsaithong P, Luewan S, Taweevisit M, Chiangjong W, Pongchaikul P, Thorner PS, Tongsong T, Chutipongtanate S. Placenta-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Pregnancy Complications and Prospects on a Liquid Biopsy for Hemoglobin Bart's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5658. [PMID: 36982732 PMCID: PMC10055877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-scaled vesicles released from all cell types into extracellular fluids and specifically contain signature molecules of the original cells and tissues, including the placenta. Placenta-derived EVs can be detected in maternal circulation at as early as six weeks of gestation, and their release can be triggered by the oxygen level and glucose concentration. Placental-associated complications such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and gestational diabetes have alterations in placenta-derived EVs in maternal plasma, and this can be used as a liquid biopsy for the diagnosis, prediction, and monitoring of such pregnancy complications. Alpha-thalassemia major ("homozygous alpha-thalassemia-1") or hemoglobin Bart's disease is the most severe form of thalassemia disease, and this condition is lethal for the fetus. Women with Bart's hydrops fetalis demonstrate signs of placental hypoxia and placentomegaly, thereby placenta-derived EVs provide an opportunity for a non-invasive liquid biopsy of this lethal condition. In this article, we introduced clinical features and current diagnostic markers of Bart's hydrops fetalis, extensively summarize the characteristics and biology of placenta-derived EVs, and discuss the challenges and opportunities of placenta-derived EVs as part of diagnostic tests for placental complications focusing on Bart's hydrop fetalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piya Chaemsaithong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suchaya Luewan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai 50200, Thailand
| | - Mana Taweevisit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wararat Chiangjong
- Pediatric Translational Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pisut Pongchaikul
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan 10540, Thailand
- Integrative Computational BioScience Center, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Paul Scott Thorner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Theera Tongsong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai 50200, Thailand
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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2
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Passaponti S, Ermini L, Acconci G, Severi FM, Romagnoli R, Cutrupi S, Clerico M, Guerrera G, Ietta F. Rank-Rankl-Opg Axis in Multiple Sclerosis: The Contribution of Placenta. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081357. [PMID: 35456036 PMCID: PMC9031903 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with multiple sclerosis (MS) can safely become pregnant and give birth, with no side effects or impediments. Pregnancy is generally accepted as a period of well-being in which relapses have a softer evolution, particularly in the third trimester. Herein, we hypothesized that the placenta, via its “secretome”, could contribute to the recognized beneficial effects of pregnancy on MS activity. We focused on a well-known receptor/ligand/decoy receptor system, such as the one composed by the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB (RANK), its ligand (RANKL), and the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG), which have never been investigated in an integrated way in MS, pregnancy, and placenta. We reported that pregnancy at the term of gestation influences the balance between circulating RANKL and its endogenous inhibitor OPG in MS women. We demonstrated that the placenta at term is an invaluable source of homodimeric OPG. By functional studies on astrocytes, we showed that placental OPG suppresses the mRNA expression of the CCL20, a chemokine responsible for Th17 cell recruitment. We propose placental OPG as a crucial molecule for the recognized beneficial effect of late pregnancy on MS and its potential utility for the development of new and more effective therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Passaponti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
| | - Leonardo Ermini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
| | - Giulia Acconci
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Division of Prenatal Diagnosis and Obstetrics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Filiberto Maria Severi
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, Division of Prenatal Diagnosis and Obstetrics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (G.A.); (F.M.S.)
| | - Roberta Romagnoli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
| | - Santina Cutrupi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Marinella Clerico
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Gisella Guerrera
- Neuroimmunology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesca Ietta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (S.P.); (L.E.); (R.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-05-7723-2370
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3
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Performance of Zika Assays in the Context of Toxoplasma gondii, Parvovirus B19, Rubella Virus, and Cytomegalovirus (TORCH) Diagnostic Assays. Clin Microbiol Rev 2019; 33:33/1/e00130-18. [PMID: 31826871 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00130-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections during pregnancy that may cause congenital abnormalities have been recognized for decades, but their diagnosis is challenging. This was again illustrated with the emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV), highlighting the inherent difficulties in estimating the extent of pre- and postnatal ZIKV complications because of the difficulties in establishing definitive diagnoses. We reviewed the epidemiology, infection kinetics, and diagnostic methods used for Toxoplasma gondii, parvovirus B19, rubella virus, and cytomegalovirus (TORCH) infections and compared the results with current knowledge of ZIKV diagnostic assays to provide a basis for the inclusion of ZIKV in the TORCH complex evaluations. Similarities between TORCH pathogens and ZIKV support inclusion of ZIKV as an emerging TORCH infection. Our review evaluates the diagnostic performance of various TORCH diagnostic assays for maternal screening, fetal screening, and neonatal screening. We show that the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of TORCH complex pathogens are widely variable, stressing the importance of confirmatory testing and the need for novel techniques for earlier and accurate diagnosis of maternal and congenital infections. In this context it is also important to acknowledge different needs and access to care for different geographic and resource settings.
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Novel Epigenetic Biomarkers in Pregnancy-Related Disorders and Cancers. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111459. [PMID: 31752198 PMCID: PMC6912400 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As the majority of cancers and gestational diseases are prognostically stage- and grade-dependent, the ultimate goal of ongoing studies in precision medicine is to provide early and timely diagnosis of such disorders. These studies have enabled the development of various new diagnostic biomarkers, such as free circulating nucleic acids, and detection of their epigenetic changes. Recently, extracellular vesicles including exosomes, microvesicles, oncosomes, and apoptotic bodies have been recognized as powerful diagnostic tools. Extracellular vesicles carry specific proteins, lipids, DNAs, mRNAs, and miRNAs of the cells that produced them, thus reflecting the function of these cells. It is believed that exosomes, in particular, may be the optimal biomarkers of pathological pregnancies and cancers, especially those that are frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, such as ovarian cancer. In the present review, we survey and critically appraise novel epigenetic biomarkers related to free circulating nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles, focusing especially on their status in trophoblasts (pregnancy) and neoplastic cells (cancers).
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Kumar N, Singh AK. Cell-Free Fetal DNA: A Novel Biomarker for Early Prediction of Pre-eclampsia and Other Obstetric Complications. Curr Hypertens Rev 2019; 15:57-63. [PMID: 29766818 DOI: 10.2174/1573402114666180516131832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, especially Pre-eclampsia is one of the major causes of increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality all over the world. Early prediction of pre-eclampsia is the need of modern obstetrics, as this can timely prevent the progress of disease as well as related fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. In addition to the screening of fetal aneuploidies, Rhesus-D status, fetal sex, single gene disorders, the cell-free fetal Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) quantification has emerged as a promising biomarker for the prediction of pre-eclampsia. Hence, its use can help in the early prediction of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, especially pre-eclampsia even before the appearance of symptoms. Furthermore, in future, it can also help in the determination of the complete DNA sequence of every gene of the fetus. The present review focuses on recent literature concerning the use of cell-free fetal DNA in early prediction of preeclampsia as well as for non-invasive prenatal genetic screening of fetus for various disorders. Methods: The recent literature related to cell-free fetal DNA was searched from numerous English language journals and published peer-reviewed articles on Pubmed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE and various government agencies till 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Kumar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana-133207, Ambala, Haryana, India, Postal address: House Number 2, "F" Block, MMIMSR Campus, Mullana- 133207, Ambala, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Kant Singh
- Department of Physiology, U.P. University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India, Postal Address: House No. 168, Kaveri Kunj, Phase II, Kamla Nagar-282005, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Hu Y, Li H, Yan R, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang C, Liu M, Zhou T, Zhu W, Zhang H, Dong N, Wu Q. Increased Neutrophil Activation and Plasma DNA Levels in Patients with Pre-Eclampsia. Thromb Haemost 2018; 118:2064-2073. [PMID: 30453347 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a chronic inflammatory disease in pregnancy, which is associated with enhanced blood coagulation and high thrombotic risk. To date, the mechanisms underlying such an association are not fully understood. Previous studies reported high levels of plasma deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in PE women, but the cellular source of the circulation DNA remains unknown. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that activated neutrophils undergoing cell death, also called NETosis, may be responsible for the elevated plasma DNA levels in PE women. We analysed plasma samples from non-pregnant, normal pregnant and PE women and found high levels of double-stranded DNA, myeloperoxidase (an abundant neutrophil granular enzyme) and histones (the major nucleosome proteins) in PE-derived samples, indicating increased NETosis in the maternal circulation. The high plasma DNA levels positively correlated with enhanced blood coagulation in PE women. When isolated neutrophils from normal individuals were incubated with PE-derived plasma, an elevated NETosis-stimulating activity was detected. Further experiments showed that endothelial micro-particles, but not soluble proteins, in the plasma were primarily responsible for the NETosis-stimulating activity in PE women. These results indicate that circulating micro-particles from damaged maternal endothelium are a potent stimulator for neutrophil activation and NETosis in PE women. Given the pro-coagulant and pro-thrombotic nature of granular and nuclear contents from neutrophils, enhanced systemic NETosis may represent an important mechanism underlying the hyper-coagulability and increased thrombotic risk in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yae Hu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hui Li
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruhong Yan
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Can Wang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weipei Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ningzheng Dong
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,MOH Key Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Medical College, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Prevention, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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7
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Afkham A, Eghbal-Fard S, Heydarlou H, Azizi R, Aghebati-Maleki L, Yousefi M. Toll-like receptors signaling network in pre-eclampsia: An updated review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2229-2240. [PMID: 30221394 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune cells receptors. They are expressed on leukocytes, epithelial cells, and more particularly on placental immune cells and chorion trophoblast. Upregulation of innate immune response occurs during normal pregnancy, but its excessive activity is involved in the pathology of pregnancy complications including pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-eclampsia (PE). The recent studies about the overmuch inflammatory responses and aberrant placentation are associated with increased expression of TLRs in PE patients. This review has tried to focus on the relationship between some activities of TLRs and the risk of preeclampsia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Afkham
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shadi Eghbal-Fard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hanieh Heydarlou
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ramyar Azizi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Wataganara T, Bui TH, Choy KW, Leung TY. Debates on fetal fraction measurement and DNA-based noninvasive prenatal screening: time for standardisation? BJOG 2018; 123 Suppl 3:31-5. [PMID: 27627594 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Wataganara
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - T-H Bui
- The Karolinska Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Clinical Genetics Unit and Centre for Fetal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K W Choy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - T Y Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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9
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Punica granatum fruit extract inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and angiogenic factors of HUVEC cells induced by plasma from patients with pre-eclampsia. CLINICAL NUTRITION EXPERIMENTAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yclnex.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Nasifah I, Soeharto S, Nooryanto M. Effects of anti-lipid peroxidation of Punica granatum fruit extract in endothelial cells induced by plasma of severe pre-eclamptic patients. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2017; 8:215-217. [PMID: 28928008 PMCID: PMC5747508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. This disorder involves oxidative stress and changes in endothelial homeostasis. This study was aimed to seek whether an ethanolic extract of Punica granatum fruit inhibits 8-iso-PGFα formation and modulates nitric oxide (NO) in endothelial cells induced by plasma from pre-eclamptic patients. Endothelial cells were cultured from human umbilical vein endothelial cells. At confluence, endothelial cells were divided into five groups, which included endothelial cells exposed to 2% plasma from normal pregnancy (NP), endothelial cells exposed to 2% plasma from pre-eclamptic patients (PP), endothelial cells exposed to PP in the presence of ethanolic extract of P. granatum (PP + PG) at the following three doses: 14; 28; and 56 ppm. Analysis of 8-iso-PGFα was done by immunoassay technique. Analysis of NO level was done by colorimetric technique. Plasma from PP significantly increased 8-iso-PGFα level compared to cells treated by normal pregnancy plasma. This increase in 8-iso-PGFα was significantly (p < 0.05) attenuated by all doses treatments of P. granatum extract. The level of NO was insignificant (p > 0.05) between groups. P. granatum fruit extract protects endothelial cells from oxidative stress induced by plasma from pre-eclamptic patients. Endothelial cells induce by preeclamptic plasma. 8-iso-PGFα level significantly increased. NO level insignificantly changed. All doses of Theobroma cacao attenuated this 8-iso-PGFα increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isri Nasifah
- Midwifery Programme, Ngudi Waluyo University, Ungaran, Semarang, Central of Java, Indonesia.
| | - Setyawati Soeharto
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mukhamad Nooryanto
- Obstetric and Gynecology Laboratory, Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Correa PJ, Palmeiro Y, Soto MJ, Ugarte C, Illanes SE. Etiopathogenesis, prediction, and prevention of preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2016; 35:280-94. [DOI: 10.1080/10641955.2016.1181180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Correa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Y. Palmeiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - M. J. Soto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - C. Ugarte
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - S. E. Illanes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Kim SY, Kim HJ, Park SY, Han YJ, Choi JS, Ryu HM. Early Prediction of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Using Cell-Free Fetal DNA, Cell-Free Total DNA, and Biochemical Markers. Fetal Diagn Ther 2016; 40:255-262. [PMID: 26998901 DOI: 10.1159/000444524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the predictive value of separate and combined tests using cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA), cell-free total DNA (cfDNA), and biochemical markers for the early detection of pregnancies with hypertensive disorders. METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted with 135 singleton pregnancies including 17 gestational hypertension cases, 34 preeclampsia (PE) cases, and 84 controls. We performed real-time quantitative PCR to measure levels of DSCR3 and RASSF1A as cffDNA markers and HYP2 as a cfDNA marker in the first and early second trimesters. Levels of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), α-fetoprotein, β-human chorionic gonadotropin, unconjugated estriol, and inhibin A were also determined. RESULTS Compared with controls, the median levels and multiples of the median (MoM) values of HYP2 were significantly higher in the PE and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) groups at 6-14 and 15-23 weeks. Frist-trimester PAPP-A MoM was significantly lower in PE and HDP than in controls. For PE and HDP, the best model included the first-trimester DSCR3, HYP2, and PAPP-A MoM values achieving detection rates of 67 and 58% at a fixed 10% false-positive rate, respectively [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.832 (95% CI 0.689-0.928) for PE; 0.751 (0.607-0.863) for HDP]. DISCUSSION The study demonstrates the potential utility of combined first-trimester cffDNA, cfDNA, and PAPP-A for the early prediction of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Young Kim
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Rahayu B, Baktiyani SCW, Nurdiana N. Theobroma cacao increases cells viability and reduces IL-6 and sVCAM-1 level in endothelial cells induced by plasma from preeclamptic patients. Pregnancy Hypertens 2016; 6:42-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.preghy.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Sifakis S, Koukou Z, Spandidos DA. Cell-free fetal DNA and pregnancy-related complications (review). Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2367-72. [PMID: 25530428 PMCID: PMC4337476 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) is a novel promising biomarker that has been applied in various aspects of obstetrical research, notably in prenatal diagnosis and complicated pregnancies. It is easily detected by semi-quantitative PCR for the SRY target gene. It is well recognized that the levels of circulating cff-DNA play a role in various complications of pregnancy. In this review, we explore the implications of the detection of cff-DNA in a range of pregnancy-related complications, such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm labor, placenta previa and hyperemesis gravidarum. cff-DNA is released due to apoptotic mechanisms occurring on trophoblastic cells, although recent in vivo studies support the existence of additional mechanisms. The increase in the levels of cff-DNA can be used to predict pregnancy-related complications and has great value in the field of prenatal diagnosis and in common pregnancy-related complications, as it precedes the clinical symptoms of the disease. Gestational age is a factor that determines the elevation in cff-DNA levels in response to pathological conditions. In conclusion, the detection of cff-DNA levels has a number of valuable applications in prenatal screening; however, the detection of cff-DNA levels has not yet been applied in clinical practice for the diagnosis of pregnancy-related disorders. Thus, studies are focusing on unraveling the etiology of alterations in its levels under pathological conditions during pregnancy, in order to determine the potenial predictive and diagnostic applications of this biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Sifakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Zeta Koukou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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15
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Traver S, Assou S, Scalici E, Haouzi D, Al-Edani T, Belloc S, Hamamah S. Cell-free nucleic acids as non-invasive biomarkers of gynecological cancers, ovarian, endometrial and obstetric disorders and fetal aneuploidy. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:905-23. [PMID: 24973359 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proper folliculogenesis is fundamental to obtain a competent oocyte that, once fertilized, can support the acquisition of embryo developmental competence and pregnancy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of folliculogenesis, which are expressed in the cumulus-oocyte complex and in granulosa cells and some can also be found in the bloodstream. These circulating miRNAs are intensively studied and used as diagnostic/prognostic markers of many diseases, including gynecological and pregnancy disorders. In addition, serum contains small amounts of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), presumably resulting from the release of genetic material from apoptotic/necrotic cells. The quantification of nucleic acids in serum samples could be used as a diagnostic tool for female infertility. METHODS An overview of the published literature on miRNAs, and particularly on the use of circulating miRNAs and cfDNA as non-invasive biomarkers of gynecological diseases, was performed (up to January 2014). RESULTS In the past decade, cell-free nucleic acids have been studied for potential use as biomarkers in many diseases, particularly in gynecological cancers, ovarian and endometrial disorders, as well as in pregnancy-related pathologies and fetal aneuploidy. The data strongly suggest that the concentration of cell-free nucleic acids in serum from IVF patients or in embryo culture medium could be related to the ovarian hormone status and embryo quality, respectively, and be used as a non-invasive biomarker of IVF outcome. CONCLUSIONS The profiling of circulating nucleic acids, such as miRNAs and cfDNA, opens new perspectives for the diagnosis/prognosis of ovarian disorders and for the prediction of IVF outcomes, namely (embryo quality and pregnancy).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Traver
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Research in Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France
| | - S Assou
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Research in Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - E Scalici
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Research in Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - D Haouzi
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Research in Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France
| | - T Al-Edani
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Research in Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - S Belloc
- Eylau-Unilabs Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - S Hamamah
- CHU Montpellier, Institute for Research in Biotherapy, Hôpital Saint-Eloi, INSERM U1040, Montpellier, France Université Montpellier 1, UFR de Médecine, Montpellier, France ART-PGD Department, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Savasan ZA, Goncalves LF, Bahado-Singh RO. Second- and third-trimester biochemical and ultrasound markers predictive of ischemic placental disease. Semin Perinatol 2014; 38:167-76. [PMID: 24836829 DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic placental disease is a recently coined term that describes the vascular insufficiency now believed to be an important etiologic factor in preeclampsia, intrauterine fetal growth restriction, and placental abruption. Given the increased risk for poor maternal and fetal outcomes, early prediction and prevention of this disorder is of significant clinical interest for many. In this article, we review the second- and third-trimester serum and ultrasound markers predictive of ischemic placental disease. Limited first-trimester data is also presented. While current studies report a statistical association between marker levels and various adverse perinatal outcomes, the observed diagnostic accuracy is below the threshold required for clinical utility. An exception to this generalization is uterine artery Doppler for the prediction of early-onset preeclampsia. Metabolomics is a relatively new analytic platform that holds promise as a first-trimester marker for the prediction of both early- and late-onset preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Alpay Savasan
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
| | - Luis F Goncalves
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI
| | - Ray O Bahado-Singh
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI.
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Chen CP, Chen YH, Chern SR, Chang SJ, Tsai TL, Li SH, Chou HC, Lo YW, Lyu PC, Chan HL. Placenta proteome analysis from Down syndrome pregnancies for biomarker discovery. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:2360-72. [PMID: 22777171 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb25081k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome is one of the most frequent chromosomal disorders, with a prevalence of approximately 1/500 to 1/800, depending on the maternal age distribution of the pregnant population. However, few reliable protein biomarkers have been used in the diagnosis of this disease. Recent progress in quantitative proteomics has offered opportunities to discover biomarkers for tracking the progression and for understanding the molecular mechanisms of Down syndrome. In the present study, placental samples were analyzed by fluorescence two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). In total, 101 proteins have been firmly identified representing 80 unique gene products. These proteins mainly function in cytoskeleton structure and regulation (such as vimentin and Profilin-1). Additionally, our quantitative proteomics approach has identified numerous previously reported Down syndrome markers, such as myelin protein. Here we present several Down syndrome biomarkers including galectin-1, ataxin-3 and sprouty-related EVH1 domain-containing protein 2 (SPRED2), which have not been reported elsewhere and may be associated with the progression and development of the disease. In summary, we report a comprehensive placenta-based proteomics approach for the identification of potential biomarkers for Down syndrome, in which serum amyloid P-component (APCS) and ataxin-3 have been shown to be up-regulated in the maternal peripheral plasma of Down syndrome cases. The potential of utilizing these markers for the prognosis and screening of Down syndrome warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yin A, Zhang X, Wu J, Du L, He T, Zhang X. Screening significantly hypermethylated genes in fetal tissues compared with maternal blood using a methylated-CpG island recovery assay-based microarray. BMC Med Genomics 2012; 5:26. [PMID: 22709530 PMCID: PMC3534415 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-5-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The noninvasive prenatal diagnosis procedures that are currently used to detect genetic diseases do not achieve desirable levels of sensitivity and specificity. Recently, fetal methylated DNA biomarkers in maternal peripheral blood have been explored for the noninvasive prenatal detection of genetic disorders. However, such efforts have covered only chromosomal aneuploidy, and fetal methylated DNA biomarkers in maternal whole blood for detecting single-gene diseases remain to be discovered. Methods To address this issue, we systematically screened significantly hypermethylated genes in fetal tissues and compared them with maternal peripheral blood potential in an attempt to detect fetal genes in maternal peripheral blood. First, the methylated-CpG island recovery assay combined with a CpG island array was performed for four fetus-toward placental tissues and the corresponding maternal peripheral bloods. Subsequently, direct bisulfite sequencing and combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA) were carried out to validate the methylation status of the hypermethylated genes that were identified by the microarray analysis. Results Three hundred and ten significantly hypermethylated genes in the placental tissues were detected by microarray. From the top 15 hypermethylated genes detected by microarray, two were selected for sequencing validation in placental tissue and chorionic villus samples and four were selected for COBRA validation in four placental tissues, ten amniotic fluids and five chorionic villus samples. The six selected genes were confirmed to be hypermethylated in placental tissue and chorionic villus samples, but methylation of the genes could not be detected in the amniotic fluids. Conclusions Of the many hypermethylated genes and methylation sites that were found in the fetal tissues, some have great potential to be developed into molecular markers for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of monogenic disorders. Further clinical studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Yin
- Prenatal Diagnosis Centre, Guangdong Women and Children Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, China
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Yi P, Jiang H, Li L, Dai F, Zheng Y, Han J, Chen Z, Guo J. A new genotyping method for detecting low abundance single nucleotide mutations based on gap ligase chain reaction and quantitative PCR assay. Cell Biochem Biophys 2012; 62:161-7. [PMID: 22006255 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-011-9277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We tested applicability of a new genotyping technique to detect a low abundance CD17 (A → T) mutation of β-globin gene. The technique utilized a combined gap ligase chain reaction (Gap-LCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) methods. One pair of Gap-LCR primers was modified by adding specific sequences to the 5' end of the upstream and the 3' end of the downstream primer which served as a combining sequence for qPCR. First, specific mutation is detected using Gap-LCR; then, ligation products are detected by qPCR. Our results show that the amount of LCR products is directly proportional to the amount of template DNA. We further demonstrate that this technique detects a low abundance mutant DNA with a mutant/normal allele ratio as low as 1:10000. This technique was applied to detect a paternally inherited CD17 mutation from 53 maternal plasma samples. The results were consistent with those obtained by PCR/reverse dot blot of amniotic fluid cell DNA. In conclusion, by combining Gap-LCR and qPCR technology we successfully established a highly sensitive technique to detect low abundance point mutations. This technique can be applied to detect fetal DNA point mutation in maternal plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Daping, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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Scharfe-Nugent A, Corr SC, Carpenter SB, Keogh L, Doyle B, Martin C, Fitzgerald KA, Daly S, O'Leary JJ, O'Neill LAJ. TLR9 provokes inflammation in response to fetal DNA: mechanism for fetal loss in preterm birth and preeclampsia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:5706-12. [PMID: 22544937 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Preterm birth, the major cause of neonatal mortality in developed countries, is associated with intrauterine infections and inflammation, although the exact mechanisms underlying this event are unclear. In this study, we show that circulating fetal DNA, which is elevated in pregnancies complicated by preterm labor or preeclampsia, triggers an inflammatory reaction that results in spontaneous preterm birth. Fetal DNA activates NF-κB, shown by IκBα degradation in human PBMCs resulting in production of proinflammatory IL-6. We show that fetal resorption and preterm birth are rapidly induced in mice after i.p. injection of CpG or fetal DNA (300 μg/dam) on gestational day 10-14. In contrast, TLR9(-/-) mice were protected from these effects. Furthermore, this effect was blocked by oral administration of the TLR9 inhibitor chloroquine. Our data therefore provide a novel mechanism for preterm birth and preeclampsia, highlighting TLR9 as a potential therapeutic target for these common disorders of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scharfe-Nugent
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Placental mRNA in maternal plasma as a predictor of ectopic pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012; 117:131-3. [PMID: 22342059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To measure and compare placental mRNA expression in the maternal circulation among women with intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies. METHODS Plasma was collected from patients in early pregnancy at risk of ectopic pregnancy. Clinical information was prospectively collected and entered into a dedicated database. mRNA was isolated from maternal plasma and quantitative RT-PCR was performed to measure mRNA for human gonadotropin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (hPL). GAPDH mRNA expression was used as an internal control. RESULTS Twelve women with ectopic pregnancy and 13 women with intrauterine pregnancy were enrolled. Patients with ectopic pregnancy were 6 times more likely to have undetectable levels of hPL mRNA (relative risk [RR] 6.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.70-23.20; P<0.01). They were also 8 times more likely to have undetectable levels of hCG mRNA (RR 8.64, 95% CI, 1.30-57.10; P<0.01). mRNA copy numbers for hPL and hCG (normalized by GAPDH) were significantly lower in the ectopic group than in the intrauterine group. CONCLUSION Placental mRNA is present in the maternal circulation in significantly lower copies in cases of ectopic pregnancy compared with cases of intrauterine pregnancy. Measurement of placental mRNA in the maternal circulation may help to distinguish between intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies.
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Sharma VK, Vouros P, Glick J. Mass spectrometric based analysis, characterization and applications of circulating cell free DNA isolated from human body fluids. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 304:172-183. [PMID: 21765648 PMCID: PMC3134299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, cell free DNA, or circulating cell free DNA, or cell free circulating DNA, isolated from body fluids such as plasma/serum/urine has emerged as an important tool for clinical diagnostics. The molecular biology of circulating cell free DNA is poorly understood but there is currently an increased effort to understand the origin, mechanism of its circulation, and sensitive characterization for the development of diagnostic applications. There has been considerable progress towards these goals using real time polymerase chain reaction technique (rt-PCR). More recently, new attempts to incorporate mass spectrometric techniques to develop accurate and highly sensitive high-throughput clinical diagnostic tests have been reported. This review focuses on the methods to isolate circulating cell free DNA from body fluids, their quantitative analysis and mass spectrometry based characterization in evolving applications as prenatal and cancer diagnostic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaneet K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Paul Vouros
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - James Glick
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Mortarino M, Garagiola I, Lotta LA, Siboni SM, Semprini AE, Peyvandi F. Non-invasive tool for foetal sex determination in early gestational age. Haemophilia 2011; 17:952-6. [PMID: 21492325 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2011.02537.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Free foetal DNA in maternal blood during early pregnancy is an ideal source of foetal genetic material for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of free foetal DNA analysis at early gestational age as pretest for the detection of specific Y-chromosome sequences in maternal plasma of women who are carriers of X-linked disorders, such as haemophilia. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis of maternal plasma was performed for the detection of the SRY or DYS14 sequence. A group of 208 pregnant women, at different gestational periods from 4 to 12 weeks, were tested to identify the optimal period to obtain an adequate amount of foetal DNA for prenatal diagnosis. Foetal gender was determined in 181 pregnant women sampled throughout pregnancy. Pregnancy outcome and foetal gender were confirmed using karyotyping, ultrasonography or after birth. The sensitivity, which was low between 4th and 7th week (mean 73%), increased significantly after 7+1th weeks of gestation (mean 94%). The latter sensitivity after 7+1th week of gestation is associated to a high specificity (100%), with an overall accuracy of 96% for foetal gender determination. This analysis demonstrates that foetal gender determination in maternal plasma is reliable after the 9th week of gestation and it can be used, in association with ultrasonography, for screening to determine the need for chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis of X-linked disorders, such as haemophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mortarino
- UOS Dipartimentale per la Diagnosi e la Terapia delle Coagulopatie, Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan and Luigi Villa Foundation, Milan, Italy
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Rusterholz C, Messerli M, Hoesli I, Hahn S. Placental Microparticles, DNA, and RNA in Preeclampsia. Hypertens Pregnancy 2010; 30:364-75. [DOI: 10.3109/10641951003599571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Stern I, Marc J, Kranjec I, Zorman D, Cerne A, Cerne D. Increased plasma levels of CATS mRNA but not CATB mRNA in patients with coronary atherosclerosis. Clin Biochem 2010; 43:1427-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2010.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 09/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Research into cell-free fetal (cff) nucleic acids has primarily focused on maternal plasma; however, cff DNA and RNA are also detectable in other body fluids such as amniotic fluid (AF). In AF, cff DNA is present in much greater concentrations than in maternal plasma and represents a pure fetal sample uncontaminated by maternal- and trophoblast-derived nucleic acids. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on cff nucleic acids in AF and to outline future research directions. METHODS MEDLINE and PREMEDLINE were searched up to August 2010 for original investigations of cell-free RNA or DNA in AF. Sixteen studies were included in the review. RESULTS AF cff DNA represents a physiologically separate pool from cff DNA in maternal plasma. The placenta is not a major source of nucleic acids in AF. It is feasible to isolate cff nucleic acids from small volumes of discarded AF supernatant in sufficient quality and quantity to perform microarray studies and downstream applications such as pathway analysis. This 'discovery-driven approach' has resulted in new information on the pathogenesis of Down syndrome and polyhydramnios. There is otherwise a paucity of information relating to the basic biology and clinical applications of cff nucleic acids in AF. CONCLUSIONS AF supernatant is a valuable and widely available but under-utilized biological resource. Further studies of cff nucleic acids in AF may lead to new insights into human fetal development and ultimately new approaches to antenatal treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hui
- Mother Infant Research Institute at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Relationships between cell-free DNA and serum analytes in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 116:673-678. [PMID: 20733451 DOI: 10.1097/aog.0b013e3181ea2dd1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between first- and second-trimester cell-free DNA levels and maternal serum screening markers. METHODS First- and second-trimester residual maternal serum samples from 50 women were obtained. First-trimester (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and beta-hCG) and second-trimester serum analytes (beta-hCG, alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, and inhibin A) had been measured at the time of sample receipt. All fetuses were male as confirmed by birth records. Cell-free DNA was extracted and measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification using glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and DYS1 as markers of total DNA and fetal DNA, respectively. Determination of linear associations between first- and second-trimester serum markers and cell-free DNA levels using Pearson correlations was performed. RESULTS Statistically significant correlations between first-trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein A multiples of the median and both total (r=0.36, P=.016) and fetal (r=0.41, P=.006) DNA in the first trimester were observed. There were no significant correlations between first-trimester serum human chorionic gonadotropin or any second-trimester serum marker with DNA levels. CONCLUSION Correlation between serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and first-trimester circulating cell-free fetal and total DNA levels is a novel finding. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A is a glycoprotein of placental origin, and its correlation to cell-free fetal DNA in maternal serum suggests a common tissue origin through apoptosis of placental cells. However, because pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and cell-free DNA were only marginally correlated and cell-free DNA can be reliably detected in the first trimester, the addition of cell-free DNA to serum screening strategies may be helpful in predicting adverse pregnancy outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Machado ASC, Da Silva Robaina MC, Magalhães De Rezende LM, Apa AG, Amoêdo ND, Bacchi CE, Klumb CE. Circulating cell-free and Epstein-Barr virus DNA in pediatric B-non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:1020-7. [PMID: 20470219 DOI: 10.3109/10428191003746331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-derived DNA is elevated in the plasma of patients with cancer. The analysis of circulating DNA may be useful for diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and early detection of disease recurrence. In order to investigate cf-DNA as a marker during treatment, we serially quantified total cell-free (cf) and EBV plasma DNA in 30 cases of pediatric B-non-Hodgkin lymphoma by real-time PCR. The cf-DNA levels were significantly increased in patient samples at diagnosis as compared with the healthy controls (p < 0.001). At the end of treatment, a significant decrease in plasma DNA concentration was observed as compared with values observed at diagnosis (median: 94.0 copies/mL, p = 0.001). EBV was detected by ISH in 7/30 patients. Plasma EBV DNA levels were obtained from seven EBV-positive patients (median: 1278 copies/mL), while EBV DNA was not detected in 23 EBV-negative patients and 10 healthy controls. The association between the two methods of detection was statistically significant, with 100% correlation (Kappa coefficient, p = 1). In addition, the decrease of EBV viral load was associated with therapy response. Quantification of plasma EBV DNA may become a valuable source for disease detection of pediatric EBV-associated lymphomas and for monitoring treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S C Machado
- Serviço de Hematologia, Laboratório de Hematologia Celular e Molecular, Hospital do Câncer I, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Maski M, Rana S, Karumanchi SA. Biomarkers in Obstetric Medicine. Biomarkers 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470918562.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mitsunaga F, Ueiwa M, Kamanaka Y, Morimoto M, Nakamura S. Fetal sex determination of macaque monkeys by a nested PCR using maternal plasma. Exp Anim 2010; 59:255-60. [PMID: 20484861 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.59.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive fetal sex determination is required for biomedical studies, in which some sexual difference would be expected in fetal events, in order to make a choice of male or female fetus. To detect male fetal DNA of the sex-determining region Y gene (SRY) in maternal macaque plasma, nested real-time PCR using the SYBR Green system was developed. In all cases of pregnant macaques with male fetuses, a nested PCR product of SRY was amplified from the mother's plasma, while no amplicon was detected in any case of pregnancy with a female fetus. Interestingly, fetal SRY DNA appeared to be cleared rapidly from the maternal blood after parturition. The current method is sensitive and can be performed with a regular PCR machine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusako Mitsunaga
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, Japan
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Vora NL, Johnson KL, Peter I, Tighiouart H, Ralston SJ, Craigo SD, Bianchi DW. Circulating cell-free DNA levels increase variably following chorionic villus sampling. Prenat Diagn 2010; 30:325-8. [PMID: 20127897 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in maternal plasma results from degradation of fetal and/or placental cells. Our objective was to determine if chorionic villus sampling (CVS) causes increased release of fetal and/or maternal DNA. METHODS Fifty-two pregnant women were recruited prior to CVS, performed for clinical indications, at 10 5/7 to 13 2/7 weeks. Maternal blood was collected before and within 15 min after CVS. cffDNA was extracted from plasma. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and the Y chromosome sequence DYS1 were used as measures of total and fetal DNA, respectively. All samples were analyzed in triplicate without knowledge of fetal gender. RESULTS Sensitivity of DYS1 detection in male fetuses was 100% (n = 30); specificity in female fetuses was 100% (n = 22). While a majority of women had > 50% post-procedure increases in both fetal and total DNA, some showed post-procedure decreases. However, overall median proportional increases were not statistically significant. Gestational age (GA), placental location, and individual CVS operator did not correlate with changes in DNA levels. CONCLUSIONS While there were no statistically significant overall changes in DNA levels after CVS, as-yet undiscovered variables may influence the extent of post-procedure release of cell-free DNA in the circulation of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta L Vora
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Illanes S, Soothill P. Management of red cell alloimmunisation in pregnancy: the non-invasive monitoring of the disease. Prenat Diagn 2010; 30:668-73. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Efremov AM, Buglaeva AO, Orlov SV, Burov SV, Ignatovich IA, Dizhe EB, Shavva VS, Perevozchikov AP. Transfer of genetic constructions through the transplacental barrier into mice embryos. Russ J Dev Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360410020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Lazar L, Rigó J, Nagy B, Balogh K, Makó V, Cervenak L, Mézes M, Prohászka Z, Molvarec A. Relationship of circulating cell-free DNA levels to cell-free fetal DNA levels, clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters in preeclampsia. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2009; 10:120. [PMID: 19930583 PMCID: PMC2789064 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-10-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of our study was to examine whether increased circulating total cell-free DNA levels are related to the clinical characteristics and standard laboratory parameters of preeclamptic patients, to markers of inflammation, endothelial activation or injury, oxidative stress and to cell-free fetal DNA levels. Methods Circulating total cell-free DNA was measured by real-time quantitative PCR in plasma samples obtained from 67 preeclamptic and 70 normotensive pregnant women. Standard laboratory parameters, C-reactive protein, plasma von Willebrand factor antigen, plasma fibronectin, plasma malondialdehyde and cell-free fetal DNA levels were also determined. Results and Conclusion Circulating total cell-free and fetal deoxyribonucleic acid levels were significantly elevated in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (median: 11.395 vs. 32.460 and 0.001 vs. 0.086 pg/μl; P < .001). The quantity of plasma total cell-free DNA did not correlate with most of the laboratory parameters, except for serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities (correlation coefficient: 0.31; P = 0.012 and 0.46; P < .001). There was no correlation with clinical characteristics, including body mass index. The releases of both free fetal and total cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid were found to be affected in preeclampsia. Hepatocellular necrosis seems to be responsible - at least partly - for increased circulating total DNA levels in preeclampsia, as suggested by the significant correlation with liver enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Lazar
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Illanes S, Parra M, Serra R, Pino K, Figueroa-Diesel H, Romero C, Arraztoa JA, Michea L, Soothill PW. Increased free fetal DNA levels in early pregnancy plasma of women who subsequently develop preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction. Prenat Diagn 2009; 29:1118-22. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tang DL, Li Y, Zhou X, Li X, Zheng F. Multiplex fluorescent PCR for noninvasive prenatal detection of fetal-derived paternally inherited diseases using circulatory fetal DNA in maternal plasma. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2009; 144:35-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 12/28/2008] [Accepted: 02/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Banzola I, Kaufmann I, Lapaire O, Hahn S, Holzgreve W, Rusterholz C. Isolation of serum nucleic acids for fetal DNA analysis: comparison of manual and automated extraction methods. Prenat Diagn 2009; 28:1227-31. [PMID: 19039825 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the performance of an automated system for the extraction of cell-free DNA of maternal and fetal origin from stored serum samples for subsequent quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. METHODS Thirty-two maternal blood samples between the early second trimester and term were obtained. Cell-free DNA was extracted from replicate stored sera using a column-based manual isolation procedure and with an automated system, the MagNA Pure LC Instrument. Real-time quantitative PCR for the ubiquitous glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and male-specific DYS14 loci was performed. RESULTS The extraction yields for both total and fetal DNA and the quality of the purified nucleic acids were similar for the automated system or the manual procedure. However, the number of false-negative results in samples collected early in pregnancy was reduced with the automated extraction. Furthermore, the extraction rate by the automated system was highly reproducible over time. CONCLUSIONS We validated the use of an automated extraction system for the isolation of fetal DNA from stored serum. This procedure might be exploited in the future for high-throughput non-invasive fetal gene analysis of archived serum samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Banzola
- Laboratory for Prenatal Medicine and Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract
Nucleosomes, complexes of DNA and histone proteins, are released from dying and stressed cells into the blood circulation. Concentrations of circulating nucleosomes in plasma and serum are frequently found to be elevated in various cancers, and also in such acute conditions as stroke, trauma, and sepsis as well as in autoimmune diseases. The first part of this review focuses on the structural and functional properties of nucleosomes, the potential sources of nucleosome release into the circulation, the metabolism of circulating nucleosomes, and their pathophysiological role in disease. It goes on to describe the relevance of circulating nucleosomes in the diagnosis and prognosis of non-malignant conditions such as sepsis, stroke, and autoimmune disease. Finally, it describes the clinical value of nucleosomes in the diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and monitoring of therapy in cancer; in particular, their potential as a new diagnostic tool for the early estimation of response to cytotoxic cancer therapy is emphasized.
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Gordon PMK, Schütz E, Beck J, Urnovitz HB, Graham C, Clark R, Dudas S, Czub S, Sensen M, Brenig B, Groschup MH, Church RB, Sensen CW. Disease-specific motifs can be identified in circulating nucleic acids from live elk and cattle infected with transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 37:550-6. [PMID: 19059996 PMCID: PMC2632913 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain insight into the disease progression of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE), we searched for disease-specific patterns in circulating nucleic acids (CNA) in elk and cattle. In a 25-month time-course experiment, CNAs were isolated from blood samples of 24 elk (Cervus elaphus) orally challenged with chronic wasting disease (CWD) infectious material. In a separate experiment, blood-sample CNAs from 29 experimental cattle (Bos taurus) 40 months post-inoculation with clinical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) were analyzed according to the same protocol. Next-generation sequencing provided broad elucidation of sample CNAs: we detected infection-specific sequences as early as 11 months in elk (i.e. at least 3 months before the appearance of the first clinical signs) and we established CNA patterns related to BSE in cattle at least 4 months prior to clinical signs. In elk, a progression of CNA sequence patterns was found to precede and correlate with macro-observable disease progression, including delayed CWD progression in elk with PrP genotype LM. Some of the patterns identified contain transcription-factor-binding sites linked to endogenous retroviral integration. These patterns suggest that retroviruses may be connected to the manifestation of TSEs. Our results may become useful for the early diagnosis of TSE in live elk and cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M K Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sun Center of Excellence for Visual Genomics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1
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Vodicka R, Vrtel R, Dusek L, Prochazka M, Schneiderova E, Vrbicka D, Krejcirikova E, Dhaifalah I, Santava A, Santavy J. Refined fluorescent STR quantification of cell-free fetal DNA during pregnancy in physiological and Down syndrome fetuses. Prenat Diagn 2008; 28:425-33. [PMID: 18395872 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-free fetal (cff) DNA analysis by short tandem repeats (STR) has the advantage of better recognizing the different genotypes. However, quantitative examination by quantitative fluorescent (QF) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by STRs is limited to only a rough approximation. This project focuses on a more precise calculation of the relative cff DNA amount tested in the STRs' loci. METHODS The cff DNA was analyzed in 363 samples from 258 pregnant women with physiological fetuses in different stages of pregnancy (from 4-37 gestational weeks) separately in three STRs [D21S1435, D21S1446 and PentaD (pD)] and also by gonosomal sequences amelogenin gene, X/Y-linked/testis specific protein, Y-linked (AMELX/Y/TSPY). Seventeen samples of cff DNA from fetuses with Down syndrome (DS) were compared. We optimized the refined quantitative fluorescent (RQF) PCR for STRs in a particular locus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The cff DNA detection rate was 74% in at least one of the STRs. The efficiency decreased from shorter to longer PCR fragments. All three STR and gonosomal loci proved an increase in cff DNA during pregnancy. The stutter variability rate is greatest in short STR fragments and decreases as the STR fragments increase in length. Results showed that DS samples had a significantly higher amount of cff DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Vodicka
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Fetal Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc, I.P Pavlova 6, 775 20 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Dovc-Drnovsek T, Emersic B, Rozman P, Cerne D, Lukac-Bajalo J. Optimization of Purification of Human Cell-Free mRNA from Plasma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1137:125-9. [DOI: 10.1196/annals.1448.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Urato AC, Peter I, Canick J, Lambert-Messerlian G, Pulkkinen A, Knight G, Jeong YJ, Johnson KL, Bianchi DW. Smoking in pregnancy is associated with increased total maternal serum cell-free DNA levels. Prenat Diagn 2008; 28:186-90. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Alberry M, Maddocks D, Jones M, Abdel Hadi M, Abdel-Fattah S, Avent N, Soothill PW. Free fetal DNA in maternal plasma in anembryonic pregnancies: confirmation that the origin is the trophoblast. Prenat Diagn 2007; 27:415-8. [PMID: 17286310 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that free fetal DNA (ffDNA) circulating in maternal plasma originates mainly from the placenta we studied ffDNA levels in anembryonic pregnancies. METHODS Maternal blood samples were collected from 15 normal first-trimester pregnancies in which fetal sex was subsequently determined and nine patients with a diagnosis of anembryonic gestation (AG). The Y chromosome DYS14 gene was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) for the determination of fetal sex in both plasma and chorionic tissue samples. Fetal sex in chorionic tissue samples was also determined using quantitative fluorescence PCR (QF-PCR). RESULTS The correct sex result was obtained from maternal plasma in all. Four AG pregnancies were female (DYS14 negative) results. In five of the AG cases, the chorionic tissue was found to be male (by both QF-PCR and RT-PCR which agreed) and positive male signal was found in maternal plasma by RT-PCR. There was no statistical difference between median free fetal DNA concentration in plasma between the AG male cases (148.3 GE/mL) and controls (145.8 GE/mL). CONCLUSION Since ffDNA levels are normal in pregnancies without a fetus, the data support the hypothesis that the trophoblastic cells are the major source ffDNA in maternal plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alberry
- St. Michael's Hospital, Southwell Street, Bristol, UK.
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Huang DJ, Zimmermann BG, Holzgreve W, Hahn S. Improvement of methods for the isolation of cell-free fetal DNA from maternal plasma: comparison of a manual and an automated method. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1075:308-12. [PMID: 17108225 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1368.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The low amount of cell-free fetal DNA present in the maternal circulation poses significant challenges to its use in future diagnostic applications, and ways of increasing the yield of this potential marker extracted from maternal plasma are constantly being explored. In this study, we compared two methods of DNA extraction, a manual and an automated method. Our analysis revealed that although the manual method yielded overall more total cell-free DNA, the automated system yielded higher quantities of cell-free DNA of fetal origin. Furthermore, the DNA isolated using the automated system appeared to be of greater purity than that isolated by the manual method, with fewer inhibitors to downstream real-time PCR reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy J Huang
- University Women's Hospital/Department of Research, Spitalstrasse 21, CH 4031 Basel, Switzerland
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Miura S, Miura K, Masuzaki H, Miyake N, Yoshiura KI, Sosonkina N, Harada N, Shimokawa O, Nakayama D, Yoshimura S, Matsumoto N, Niikawa N, Ishimaru T. Microarray comparative genomic hybridization (CGH)-based prenatal diagnosis for chromosome abnormalities using cell-free fetal DNA in amniotic fluid. J Hum Genet 2006; 51:412-417. [PMID: 16622586 DOI: 10.1007/s10038-006-0376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Accepted: 01/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in the supernatant of amniotic fluid, which is usually discarded, can be used as a sample for prenatal diagnosis. For rapid prenatal diagnosis of frequent chromosome abnormalities, for example trisomies 13, 18, and 21, and monosomy X, using cffDNA, we have developed a targeted microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) panel on which BAC clones from chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X, and Y were spotted. Microarray-CGH analysis was performed for a total of 13 fetuses with congenital anomalies using cffDNA from their uncultured amniotic fluid. Microarray CGH with cffDNA led to successful molecular karyotyping for 12 of 13 fetuses within 5 days. Karyotypes of the 12 fetuses (one case of trisomy 13, two of trisomy 18, two of trisomy 21, one of monosomy X, and six of normal karyotype) were later confirmed by conventional chromosome analysis using cultured amniocytes. The one fetus whose molecular-karyotype was indicated as normal by microarray CGH actually had a balanced translocation, 45,XY,der(14;21)(q10;q10). The results indicated that microarray CGH with cffDNA is a useful rapid prenatal diagnostic method at late gestation for chromosome abnormalities with copy-number changes, especially when combined with conventional karyotyping of cultured amniocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, 852-8501, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Miura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, 852-8501, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Masuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, 852-8501, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Koh-Ichiro Yoshiura
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nadiya Sosonkina
- The Research Institute of Personalized Health Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, Japan
| | | | - Osamu Shimokawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Kyushu Medical Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, 852-8501, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Yoshimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, 852-8501, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Norio Niikawa
- Department of Human Genetics, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- SORST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Ishimaru
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sakamoto 1-7-1, 852-8501, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sasebo Chuo Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
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Wataganara T, Metzenbauer M, Peter I, Johnson KL, Bianchi DW. Placental volume, as measured by 3-dimensional sonography and levels of maternal plasma cell-free fetal DNA. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 193:496-500. [PMID: 16098876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Revised: 11/09/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Measurement of cell-free fetal (cff) DNA in maternal plasma may have clinical application in prenatal screening for fetal Down syndrome and preeclampsia. Little is known regarding the tissue of origin of these fetal-derived sequences. We tested the hypothesis that if the placenta is the major contributor of cff DNA, then an increased placental volume should be associated with higher maternal plasma cff DNA levels. STUDY DESIGN We enrolled 143 pregnant women who underwent first-trimester placental volume measurement using 3-dimensional ultrasonography. Cff DNA in maternal plasma on the day of the scan was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a Y-chromosome sequence. The association between measured placental volume and maternal plasma cff DNA levels was analyzed along with relevant clinical variables. RESULTS The median (25th, 75th percentiles) maternal plasma cff DNA level was 16.9 genome equivalents (GE)/mL (10.8, 28.7). Raw values were adjusted for gestational age and maternal body mass index. The median (25th, 75th percentiles) placental volume was 53.2 mL (43.0, 64.7), and median placental quotient (ratio of placental volume to fetal crown-rump length) was 1 mm2 (0.8, 1.1). Based on multivariate linear regression analyses, neither of the above placental measurements showed a significant association with maternal plasma cff DNA levels (P = .43 and .43, respectively). A modest association was found between plasma cff DNA levels and gravidity (P = .03). CONCLUSION Our data did not show a significant association between either the placental volume or placental quotient, and maternal plasma cff DNA levels. We speculate that it is the extent of placental apoptosis that primarily affects the amount of cff DNA released into the maternal circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuangsit Wataganara
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Larrabee PB, Johnson KL, Peter I, Bianchi DW. Presence of Filterable and Nonfilterable Cell-Free mRNA in Amniotic Fluid. Clin Chem 2005; 51:1024-6. [PMID: 15914785 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.047670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paige B Larrabee
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Floating Hospital for Children, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Illanes S, Avent N, Soothill PW. Cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma: an important advance to link fetal genetics to obstetric ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2005; 25:317-322. [PMID: 15789415 DOI: 10.1002/uog.1881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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