1
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Tian Y, Guo J, Hua L, Jiang Y, Ge W, Zhang X, Cai D, Lu D, Wang B, Shen W, Sun Z, Han B. Mechanisms of imbalanced testicular homeostasis in infancy due to aberrant histone acetylation in undifferentiated spermatogonia under different concentrations of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123742. [PMID: 38460586 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), identified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical, is associated with reproductive toxicity. This association is particularly noteworthy in newborns with incompletely developed metabolic functions, as exposure to DEHP can induce enduring damage to the reproductive system, potentially influencing adult reproductive health. In this study, we continuously administered 40 μg/kg and 80 μg/kg DEHP to postnatal day 5 (PD5) mice for ten days to simulate low and high doses of DEHP exposure during infancy. Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), our analysis revealed that varying concentrations of DEHP exposure during infancy induced distinct DNA damage response characteristics in testicular Undifferentiated spermatogonia (Undiff SPG). Specifically, DNA damage triggered mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to acetyl-CoA content alterations. Subsequently, this disruption caused aberrations in histone acetylation patterns, ultimately resulting in apoptosis of Undiff SPG in the 40 μg/kg DEHP group and autophagy in the 80 μg/kg DEHP group. Furthermore, we found that DEHP exposure impacts the development and functionality of Sertoli and Leydig cells through the focal adhesion and PPAR signaling pathways, respectively. We also revealed that Leydig cells regulate the metabolic environment of Undiff SPG via Ptn-Sdc4 and Mdk-Sdc4 after DEHP exposure. Finally, our study provided pioneering evidence that disruptions in testicular homeostasis induced by DEHP exposure during infancy endure into adulthood. In summary, this study elucidates the molecular mechanisms through which DEHP exposure during infancy influences the development of testicular cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China; College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiachen Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Hua
- School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yinuo Jiang
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Ge
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Diya Cai
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dongliang Lu
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongyi Sun
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Baoquan Han
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Liang J, Chen D, Xiao Z, Wei S, Liu Y, Wang C, Wang Z, Feng Y, Lei Y, Hu M, Deng J, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Huang Y. Role of miR-300-3p in Leydig cell function and differentiation: A therapeutic target for obesity-related testosterone deficiency. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 32:879-895. [PMID: 37273781 PMCID: PMC10236194 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate various cellular functions, but their specific roles in the regulation of Leydig cells (LCs) have yet to be fully understood. Here, we found that the expression of miR-300-3p varied significantly during the differentiation from progenitor LCs (PLCs) to adult LCs (ALCs). High expression of miR-300-3p in PLCs inhibited testosterone production and promoted PLC proliferation by targeting the steroidogenic factor-1 (Sf-1) and transcription factor forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) genes, respectively. As PLCs differentiated into ALCs, the miR-300-3p expression level significantly decreased, which promoted testosterone biosynthesis and suppressed proliferation of ALCs by upregulating SF-1 and FoxO1 expression. The LH/METTL3/SMURF2/SMAD2 cascade pathway controlled miR-300-3p expression, in which luteinizing hormone (LH) upregulated SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) expression through methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3)-mediated Smurf2 N6-methyladenosine modification. The Smurf2 then suppressed miR-300 transcription by inhibiting SMAD family member 2 (SMAD2) binding to the promoter of miR-300. Notably, miR-300-3p was associated with an obesity-related testosterone deficiency in men and the inhibition of miR-300-3p effectively rescued testosterone deficiency in obese mice. These findings suggested that miR-300-3p plays a pivotal role in LC differentiation and function, and could be a promising diagnostic or therapeutic target for obesity-related testosterone deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlian Liang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Derong Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ziyan Xiao
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Siying Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chengzhi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyang Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuqing Feng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yaling Lei
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Meirong Hu
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jingxian Deng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qihao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yadong Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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3
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Huang L, Zhang J, Zhang P, Huang X, Yang W, Liu R, Sun Q, Lu Y, Zhang M, Fu Q. Single-cell RNA sequencing uncovers dynamic roadmap and cell-cell communication during buffalo spermatogenesis. iScience 2022; 26:105733. [PMID: 36582818 PMCID: PMC9793287 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis carries the task of precise intergenerational transmission of genetic information from the paternal genome and involves complex developmental processes regulated by the testicular microenvironment. Studies performed mainly in mouse models have established the theoretical basis for spermatogenesis, yet the wide interspecies differences preclude direct translation of the findings, and farm animal studies are progressing slowly. More than 32,000 cells from prepubertal (3-month-old) and pubertal (24-month-old) buffalo testes were analyzed by using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and dynamic gene expression roadmaps of germ and somatic cell development were generated. In addition to identifying the dynamic processes of sequential cell fate transitions, the global cell-cell communication essential to maintain regular spermatogenesis in the buffalo testicular microenvironment was uncovered. The findings provide the theoretical basis for establishing buffalo germline stem cells in vitro or culturing organoids and facilitating the expansion of superior livestock breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Junjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Institute of Medical and Health, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Xingchen Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Weihan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Runfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qinqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yangqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China,Corresponding author
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China,Corresponding author
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China,Corresponding author
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Shakeel M, Yoon M. Functions of somatic cells for spermatogenesis in
stallions. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:654-670. [PMID: 35969700 PMCID: PMC9353347 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis and testis development are highly structured physiological
processes responsible for post-pubertal fertility in stallions. Spermatogenesis
comprises spermatocytogenesis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. Although germ cell
degeneration is a continuous process, its effects are more pronounced during
spermatocytogenesis and meiosis. The productivity and efficiency of
spermatogenesis are directly linked to pubertal development, degenerated germ
cell populations, aging, nutrition, and season of the year in stallions. The
multiplex interplay of germ cells with somatic cells, endocrine and paracrine
factors, growth factors, and signaling molecules contributes to the regulation
of spermatogenesis. A cell-to-cell communication within the testes of these
factors is a fundamental requirement of normal spermatogenesis. A noteworthy
development has been made recently on discovering the effects of different
somatic cells including Leydig, Sertoli, and peritubular myoid cells on
manipulation the fate of spermatogonial stem cells. In this review, we discuss
the self-renewal, differentiation, and apoptotic roles of somatic cells and the
relationship between somatic and germ cells during normal spermatogenesis. We
also summarize the roles of different growth factors, their
paracrine/endocrine/autocrine pathways, and the different cytokines associated
with spermatogenesis. Furthermore, we highlight important matters for further
studies on the regulation of spermatogenesis. This review presents an insight
into the mechanism of spermatogenesis, and helpful in developing better
understanding of the functions of somatic cells, particularly in stallions and
would offer new research goals for developing curative techniques to address
infertility/subfertility in stallions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shakeel
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of
Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture
University, Rawalpindi 44000, Pakistan
| | - Minjung Yoon
- Department of Animal Science and
Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Department of Horse, Companion and Wild
Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224,
Korea
- Reseach Center for Horse Industry,
Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
- Corresponding author: Minjung Yoon,
Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University,
Sangju 37224, Korea. Tel: +82-54-530-1233, E-mail:
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5
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Grande G, Barrachina F, Soler-Ventura A, Jodar M, Mancini F, Marana R, Chiloiro S, Pontecorvi A, Oliva R, Milardi D. The Role of Testosterone in Spermatogenesis: Lessons From Proteome Profiling of Human Spermatozoa in Testosterone Deficiency. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:852661. [PMID: 35663320 PMCID: PMC9161277 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.852661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone is essential to maintain qualitative spermatogenesis. Nonetheless, no studies have been yet performed in humans to analyze the testosterone-mediated expression of sperm proteins and their importance in reproduction. Thus, this study aimed to identify sperm protein alterations in male hypogonadism using proteomic profiling. We have performed a comparative proteomic analysis comparing sperm from fertile controls (a pool of 5 normogonadic normozoospermic fertile men) versus sperm from patients with secondary hypogonadism (a pool of 5 oligozoospermic hypogonadic patients due to isolated LH deficiency). Sperm protein composition was analyzed, after peptide labelling with Isobaric Tags, via liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) on an LTQ Velos-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. LC-MS/MS data were analyzed using Proteome Discoverer. Criteria used to accept protein identification included a false discovery rate (FDR) of 1% and at least 1 peptide match per protein. Up to 986 proteins were identified and, of those, 43 proteins were differentially expressed: 32 proteins were under-expressed and 11 were over-expressed in the pool of hypogonadic patients compared to the controls. Bioinformatic analyses were performed using UniProt Knowledgebase, and the Gene Ontology Consortium database based on PANTHER. Notably, 13 of these 43 differentially expressed proteins have been previously reported to be related to sperm function and spermatogenesis. Western blot analyses for A-Kinase Anchoring Protein 3 (AKAP3) and the Prolactin Inducible Protein (PIP) were used to confirm the proteomics data. In summary, a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach was used for the first time to describe alterations of the sperm proteome in secondary male hypogonadism. Some of the differential sperm proteins described in this study, which include Prosaposin, SMOC-1, SERPINA5, SPANXB1, GSG1, ELSPBP1, fibronectin, 5-oxoprolinase, AKAP3, AKAP4, HYDIN, ROPN1B, ß-Microseminoprotein and Protein S100-A8, could represent new targets for the design of infertility treatments due to androgen deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grande
- Research Group on Human Fertility, International Scientific Institute “Paul VI”, Rome, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” Scientific Hospitalization and Treatment Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Ferran Barrachina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ada Soler-Ventura
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Jodar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Mancini
- Research Group on Human Fertility, International Scientific Institute “Paul VI”, Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Marana
- Research Group on Human Fertility, International Scientific Institute “Paul VI”, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Chiloiro
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Research Group on Human Fertility, International Scientific Institute “Paul VI”, Rome, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” Scientific Hospitalization and Treatment Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Rafael Oliva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Molecular Biology of Reproduction and Development Research Group, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Domenico Milardi
- Research Group on Human Fertility, International Scientific Institute “Paul VI”, Rome, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” Scientific Hospitalization and Treatment Institute (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
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6
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Mani SB, Clavijo RI. Medical Treatment of Hypogonadism in Men. Urol Clin North Am 2022; 49:197-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Guo B, Li JJ, Ma YL, Zhao YT, Liu JG. Efficacy and safety of letrozole or anastrozole in the treatment of male infertility with low testosterone-estradiol ratio: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Andrology 2022; 10:894-909. [PMID: 35438843 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been used to treat male infertility for decades. However, due to the lack of large-scale randomized controlled studies and basic research, the efficacy and safety of AIs in the treatment of male infertility remain controversial. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct an evidence-based preliminary evaluation of the existing clinical trials of AIs in the treatment of male infertility. METHOD A comprehensive literature search were performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and Wanfang databases through August 2021 for all studies. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of the all available studies reporting sperm conventional parameters, gonadotropin and testosterone levels, and/or the pregnancy rate. RESULTS A total of 10 studies involving 666 patients were included. letrozole (LE) or anastrozole (AZ) administration increased significantly sperm concentration, total sperm count, and serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T) levels and testosterone to estradiol ratio (T/E2), but E2 levels were significantly reduced compared with baseline values. Compared with the control group, which included selective estrogen receptor modulators (SEMRs) or HCG, LE or AZ did not have any significant effect on sperm concentration, motility and morphology, except that AIs had less effect on sperm motility than the control group (WMD: -2.55; 95% CI:-4.11 to-1.00; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION AIs may be effective in the treatment of male infertility. For male infertile patients planning assisted reproduction, discontinuation of AIs for 2-7 days prior to sperm retrieval may increase the success rate of fertilization. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to validate these findings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Guo
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712083, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712083, China
| | - Ya-Ling Ma
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712083, China
| | - Yu-Tao Zhao
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712083, China
| | - Jian-Guo Liu
- Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi, China
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8
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Goericke-Pesch S, Reifarth L, Behrens Mathiesen C, Schuler G, Umbach AK, Körber H. Chronic Immune-Mediated Orchitis Is the Major Cause of Acquired Non-obstructive Azoospermia in Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:865967. [PMID: 35433905 PMCID: PMC9010537 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.865967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Azoospermia, the lack of spermatozoa in the ejaculate, is the most common finding in infertile but otherwise healthy male dogs and represents an increasing reproductive health issue in men, too. The diagnosis can be further classified as non-obstructive azoospermia and obstructive azoospermia due to an obstruction of the deferent ducts. Although non-obstructive azoospermia comprises more than half of azoospermic cases in men and is a common cause of infertility in the male dog, knowledge of the underlying etiology and pathophysiology is still strongly limited, and much uncertainty exists about the true incidence and possible treatment options. Therefore, this study aims to investigate and characterize infertile canine patients in detail by combining results of andrological examinations (clinical parameters, semen analysis, bacterial examination of semen, and Brucella canis serology), endocrine analysis (luteinizing hormone, testosterone, estradiol-17ß, and thyroid function), analysis of the alkaline phosphatase in seminal plasma, and histological assessment of testicular biopsies of 10 azoospermic dogs. Our results not only verify non-obstructive etiology for 9/10 cases of canine azoospermia but also further identified significant histopathological changes of the testicular tissue with severely disrupted spermatogenesis, including fibrotic remodeling, vacuolization, Sertoli-cell-only syndrome, tubular shadows, and an increase of the interstitial and vascular area. In addition, three dogs showed local and six dogs generalized immune-cell infiltration, indicating chronic immune-mediated orchitis. Only in one case (no. 1) that no immune cells were found, and obstructive azoospermia was suspected due to low alkaline phosphatase activity. Furthermore, the detection of anti-thyroideal antibodies in two dogs indicates an autoimmune thyroid disease and a correlation between the occurrence of thyroidal disorders and azoospermia. Our results confirm previous findings and contribute additional evidence suggesting that chronic immune-mediated orchitis is the major cause of infertility in dogs. Further studies should focus on uncovering underlying inflammatory processes behind spermatogenic failure in these cases and identify possible treatment options to (re-)initialize spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Goericke-Pesch
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Tåstrup, Denmark
- Reproductive Unit – Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sandra Goericke-Pesch
| | - Larena Reifarth
- Reproductive Unit – Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christina Behrens Mathiesen
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Tåstrup, Denmark
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Hanna Körber
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Section for Veterinary Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Tåstrup, Denmark
- Reproductive Unit – Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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9
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Guan X, Ji M, Wen X, Huang F, Zhao X, Chen D, Shao J, Wang J, Xie J, Tian J, Lin H, Duan P, Zirkin BR, Su Z, Chen H. Single-cell RNA sequencing of adult rat testes after Leydig cell elimination and restoration. Sci Data 2022; 9:106. [PMID: 35338159 PMCID: PMC8956705 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-022-01225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is an efficient, complex, and highly organized proliferation and differentiation process that relies on multiple factors including testosterone produced by the Leydig cells. Although the critical role played by testosterone in spermatogenesis is well recognized, the mechanism by which it works is still not completely understood, partially due to the inability to specifically and precisely monitor testosterone-dependent changes within developing germ cells. Here we present single-cell RNA sequencing data from10,983 adult rat testicular cells after the rats were treated with ethanedimethanesulfonate, which temporarily eliminates Leydig cells. The elimination and recovery of Leydig cells represented a complete testosterone depletion and restoration cycle. The dataset, which includes all developing germ cells from spermatogonia to spermatozoa, should prove useful for characterizing developing germ cells, their regulatory networks, and novel cell-specific markers. The dataset should be particularly useful for exploring the effects of the androgen environment on the regulation of spermatogenesis. As this is the first single-cell RNA-Seq dataset for rat testes, it can also serve as a reference for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoju Guan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Minpeng Ji
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xin Wen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Fu Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xingyi Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jingjing Shao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jiexia Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jiajia Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Han Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Ping Duan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Barry R Zirkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America
| | - Zhijian Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Haolin Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China. .,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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10
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Huang W. The roles of aromatase inhibitors in treating hypogonadism and male infertility. UROLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/uros.uros_28_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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11
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Yang C, Li P, Li Z. Clinical application of aromatase inhibitors to treat male infertility. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 28:30-50. [PMID: 34871401 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility affects 15% of men and contributes to nearly half of all cases of infertility. Infertile men usually have impaired spermatogenesis, presenting as azoospermia or various degrees of asthenospermia and oligozoospermia. Spermatogenesis is a complex and coordinated process, which is under precise modulation by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. An aberrant hormone profile, especially an imbalance between testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2), plays an essential role in male infertility. In the male, E2 is produced mainly from the conversion of T by the aromatase enzyme. Theoretically, reducing an abnormally elevated T:E2 ratio using aromatase inhibitors (AIs) could restore the balance between T and E2 and optimize the HPG axis to support spermatogenesis. For decades, AIs have been used to treat male infertility empirically. However, owing to the lack of large-scale randomized controlled studies and basic research, the treatment efficacy and safety of AIs in male infertility remain controversial. Therefore, there is a need to summarize the clinical trials and relevant basic research on the application of AIs in the treatment of male infertility. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE In this narrative review, we summarized the application of AIs in the treatment of male infertility, including the pharmacological mechanisms involved, clinical trials focused on patients with different types of infertility, factors affecting treatment efficacy and the side-effects. SEARCH METHODS A literature search was performed using MEDLINE/PubMed and EMBASE, focusing on publications in the past four decades concerning the use of AIs for treating male infertility. The search terms included AI, male infertility, letrozole, anastrozole, testolactone, azoospermia, oligozoospermia, aromatase polymorphisms, obesity and antiestrogens, in various combinations. OUTCOMES Clinical studies demonstrate that AIs, especially nonsteroidal letrozole and anastrozole, could significantly inhibit the production of E2 and its negative feedback on the HPG axis, resulting in increased T and FSH production as well as improved semen parameters in infertile men. Large-scale surveys suggest that obesity may result in symptoms of hypogonadism in both fertile and infertile males, such as decreased semen quality and attenuated sexual function, which can be improved by AIs treatment. Polymorphisms of the aromatase gene CYP19A1, including single nucleotide polymorphisms and tetranucleotide TTTA repeats polymorphism (TTTAn), also influence hormone profiles, semen quality and treatment efficacy of AIs in male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and infertility. The side-effects of AIs in treating male infertility are various, but most are mild and well tolerated. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The application of AIs in treating male infertility has been off-label and empirical for decades. This narrative review has summarized the target patients, dose, treatment duration and side-effects of AIs. Polymorphisms of CYP19A1 that may affect AIs treatment efficacy were also summarized, but a full understanding of the mechanisms involved in AIs action requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- Department of Andrology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Andrology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Andrology, Urologic Medical Center, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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12
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Regulation of GDF9 and CDKN1B expression in Tibetan sheep testes during different stages of maturity. Gene Expr Patterns 2021; 43:119218. [PMID: 34826605 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2021.119218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Normal spermatogenesis is heavily dependent on the balance of germ cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 B (CDKN1B) are strongly associated with cell cycle transition from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phase and hence regulating the growth and development of testicular germ cells and somatic cells. The current study was aimed at seeking out scientific evidence to determine if GDF9 and CDKN1B gene expression functions in the development of Tibetan sheep testes. To this end, developmental testes were derived from three-month-old (pre-puberty), one-year-old (sexual maturity), and three-year-old (adult) Tibetan sheep and then the expression and localization patterns of GDF9 and CDKN1B in these testes were evaluated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence. qRT-PCR and Western blot results showed that GDF9 and CDKN1B were detected in the testes throughout the different developmental stages. The abundance of GDF9 mRNA and protein in the testes of one- and three-year-old Tibetan sheep were higher than that in the testes of three-month-old Tibetan sheep; the mRNA and protein abundance of the CDKN1B gene in three-month-old Tibetan sheep testes were higher than that in the testes of the one-and three-year-old sheep. Moreover, immunofluorescence results suggested that the GDF9 protein was expressed in spermatogonia and Leydig cells, and that the CDKN1B protein was localized mainly in Leydig cells with some in the seminiferous epithelium throughout developmental stages. This indicated a novel role of the GDF9 and CDKN1B genes in Leydig cell development over and above their known roles in germ cell development. These findings have significant implications for our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of GDF9 and CDKN1B genes in Tibetan sheep spermatogenesis.
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13
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Del Giudice F, Busetto GM, De Berardinis E, Sperduti I, Ferro M, Maggi M, Gross MS, Sciarra A, Eisenberg ML. A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials implementing aromatase inhibitors to treat male infertility. Asian J Androl 2021; 22:360-367. [PMID: 31621654 PMCID: PMC7406101 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_101_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aromatase activity has commonly been associated with male infertility characterized by testicular dysfunction with low serum testosterone and/or testosterone to estradiol ratio. In this subset of patients, and particularly in those with hypogonadism, elevated levels of circulating estradiol may establish a negative feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis by suppressing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) production and impaired spermatogenesis. Hormonal manipulation via different agents such as selective estrogen modulators or aromatase inhibitors to increase endogenous testosterone production and improve spermatogenesis in the setting of infertility is an off-label option for treatment. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature of the past 30 years in order to evaluate the benefits of the use of aromatase inhibitors in the medical management of infertile/hypoandrogenic males. Overall, eight original articles were included and critically evaluated. Either steroidal (Testolactone) or nonsteroidal (Anastrozole and Letrozole) aromatase inhibitors were found to statistically improve all the evaluated hormonal and seminal outcomes with a safe tolerability profile. While the evidence is promising, future prospective randomized placebo-controlled multicenter trials are necessary to better define the efficacy of these medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Del Giudice
- Department of Urology, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Busetto
- Department of Urology, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Ettore De Berardinis
- Department of Urology, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Biostatistical Unit, IRCCS, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome 00128, Italy
| | - Matteo Ferro
- Division of Urology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Martina Maggi
- Department of Urology, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Martin S Gross
- Section of Urology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Alessandro Sciarra
- Department of Urology, Sapienza Rome University, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Michael L Eisenberg
- Department of Urology, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Chung JY, Brown S, Chen H, Liu J, Papadopoulos V, Zirkin B. Effects of pharmacologically induced Leydig cell testosterone production on intratesticular testosterone and spermatogenesis†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:489-498. [PMID: 31504200 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Leydig cells of the mammalian testis produce testosterone (T) in response to luteinizing hormone (LH). In rats and men with reduced serum T levels, T replacement therapy (TRT) will raise T levels, but typically with suppressive effects on sperm formation. The rate-determining step in T formation is the translocation of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane, mediated by protein-protein interactions of cytosolic and outer mitochondrial membrane proteins. Among the involved proteins is cholesterol-binding translocator protein (TSPO) (18 kDa TSPO). We hypothesized that in contrast to TRT, the administration of the TSPO agonist N,N-dihexyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)indole-3-acetamide (FGIN-1-27), by stimulating the ability of the Leydig cells to produce T, would result in the elevation of serum T levels while maintaining intratesticular T concentration and therefore without suppression of spermatogenesis. Age-related reductions in both serum and intratesticular T levels were seen in old Brown Norway rats. Both exogenous T and FGIN-1-27 increased serum T levels. With exogenous T, serum LH and Leydig cell T formation were suppressed, and intratesticular T was reduced to below the concentration required to maintain spermatogenesis quantitatively. In contrast, FGIN-1-27 stimulated Leydig cell T formation, resulting in increased serum T without reductions in intratesticular T concentrations or in testicular sperm numbers. FGIN-1-27 also significantly increased serum and intratesticular T levels in rats made LH-deficient by treatment with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist cetrorelix. These results point to a possible approach to increasing serum T without negative effects on spermatogenesis, based upon stimulating T production by the Leydig cells themselves rather than administering T exogenously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yong Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sean Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haolin Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - June Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vassilios Papadopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Barry Zirkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Shiraishi K, Oka S, Matsuyama H. Testicular Testosterone and Estradiol Concentrations and Aromatase Expression in Men with Nonobstructive Azoospermia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1803-e1815. [PMID: 33236081 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Spermatogenesis is strictly regulated by the intratesticular hormonal milieu, in which testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) play pivotal roles. However, the optimal expression of aromatase and intratesticular T (ITT) and E2 (ITE2) levels are unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate ITT/ITE2 and aromatase expression in men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) and to elucidate the roles of aromatase in spermatogenesis, as determined based on sperm retrieval by microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE). DESIGN AND SETTING A retrospective study at a reproductive center using serum, testicular specimens, and intratesticular fluid. PATIENTS Seventy-six men with NOA, including 4 men who received 3 months of anastrozole administration prior to micro-TESE, and 18 men with obstructive azoospermia. INTERVENTIONS Testicular aromatase expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Intratesticular T and ITE2 levels were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS Aromatase was mainly located in Leydig cells, and the levels of its transcript and protein expression levels were increased in men with NOA. No correlation was observed between serum T/E2 and ITT/ITE2 levels, whereas significant associations were observed between decreased ITT and increased ITE2, aromatase expression, and sperm retrieval. Treatment with anastrozole increased the ITT/ITE2 ratio and decreased aromatase expression. CONCLUSIONS A close association between the expression of aromatase in Leydig cells and ITT/ITE2 was shown. Leydig cell aromatase is a factor that is independently correlated with spermatogenesis, and aromatase inhibitors may open a therapeutic window by increasing ITT/ITE2 in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Shiraishi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shintaro Oka
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hideyasu Matsuyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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16
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Shah T, Nyirenda T, Shin D. Efficacy of anastrozole in the treatment of hypogonadal, subfertile men with body mass index ≥25 kg/m 2. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:1222-1228. [PMID: 33850757 PMCID: PMC8039603 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anastrozole is a non-steroidal fourth generation aromatase inhibitor that stops the conversion of testosterone to estradiol and has been used as empiric medical therapy for the treatment of male infertility in men with an abnormal testosterone-to-estradiol ratio <10 in order to increase endogenous testosterone levels. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of anastrozole in the treatment of hypogonadal, subfertile men with body mass index greater than 25 mg/kg2 with respect to hormonal profile, semen parameters and overall fertility status. Methods Retrospective chart review was performed of hypogonadal, subfertile men with body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 who were treated with anastrozole (1 mg daily). Hormonal measurements and semen analysis prior to and after treatment was analyzed in 30 men. Total motile count was calculated from semen analysis. Clinical pregnancy rates were recorded. Results Men treated with anastrozole had increases in follicle stimulating hormone (4.8 versus 7.6 IU/L, P<0.0001), luteinizing hormone (3.4 versus 5.4 IU/L, P<0.0001), testosterone (270.6 versus 412 ng/dL, P<0.0001) and testosterone-to-estradiol ratio (9 versus 26.5, P<0.0001) and decrease in estradiol level (32 versus 15.9 pg/mL, P<0.01) after 5 months of therapy. Increases in sperm concentration (7.8 versus 14.2 million/mL, P<0.001), total motile count (12.6 versus 17.7 million, P<0.01) and strict morphology (3.0% versus 3.5%, P<0.05) was appreciated. Clinical pregnancy rate for our cohort was 46.6% (14 of 30), with 71.4% (10 of 14) conceiving through in vitro fertilization, 14.2% (2 of 14) through intrauterine insemination and 14.2% (2 of 14) through natural intercourse. Conclusions Anastrozole improves hormonal profiles and semen parameters in hypogonadal, subfertile men with body mass index over 25 kg/m2 and may aid in achieving pregnancy especially in conjunction with assisted reproductive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejash Shah
- Division of Urology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Themba Nyirenda
- Department of Research, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - David Shin
- Department of Urology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA.,Department of Urology, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
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17
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Luque-Córdoba D, Priego-Capote F. Fully automated method for quantitative determination of steroids in serum: An approach to evaluate steroidogenesis. Talanta 2020; 224:121923. [PMID: 33379124 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Steroidogenesis is a set of metabolic reactions where the enzymes play a key role to control the physiological levels of steroids. A deficiency in steroidogenesis induces an accumulation and/or insufficiency of steroids in human blood and can lead to different pathologies. This issue added to the low levels of steroids (pg mL-1 to ng mL-1) in this biofluid make of their determination an analytical challenge. In this research, we present a high-throughtput and fully automated method based on solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detection (SPE-LC-MS/MS) to quantify estrogens (estrone and estradiol), androgens (testosterone, androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone), progestogens (progesterone, pregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and 17-hydroxypregnenolone), glucocorticoids (21-hydroxyprogesterone, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisone, corticosterone and cortisol) and one mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) in human serum. The performance of the SPE step and the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode allowed reaching a high sensitivity and selectivity levels without any derivatization reaction. The fragmentation mechanisms of the steroids were complementary studied by LC-MS/MS in high-resolution mode to confirm the MRM transitions. The method was characterized with two SPE sorbents with similar physico-chemical properties. Thus, limits of quantification were at pg mL-1 levels, the variability was below 25% (except for pregnenolone and cortisone), and the accuracy, expressed as bias, was always within ±25%. The proposed method was tested in human serum from ten volunteers, who reported levels for the sixteen target steroids that were satisfactorily in agreement with the physiological ranges reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luque-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry University Institute (IUNAN), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry University Institute (IUNAN), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Frailty & Healthy Ageing, CIBERFES, Carlos III Institute of Health, Spain.
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18
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Luque-Córdoba D, López-Bascón MA, Priego-Capote F. Development of a quantitative method for determination of steroids in human plasma by gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2020; 220:121415. [PMID: 32928427 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sex steroids are involved in biological functions that encompass from the complete sexual development of individuals up to the deregulation of metabolic pathways leading to some pathologies. Steroids are present in blood at low concentration levels from pg mL-1 to ng mL-1. For this reason, a high sensitive and selective method based on gas chromatography-negative chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-NCI-MS/MS) is here proposed to quantify either androgens (androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dihydrotestosterone and testosterone), estrogens (estrone and estradiol) and a progestogen (progesterone) in human plasma. The sample preparation steps, protein precipitation and solid phase extraction, were optimized to ensure the sample matrix removal and to extract steroids with high efficiency. The NCI-MS/MS detection approach was compared with that based on electron impact to evaluate the incidence of the ionization source in the determination of steroids. The quantification limits for determination of these analytes were in a range from 10 pg mL-1 to 5 ng mL-1, with a high sensitivity for estrogens, typically found at low concentrations. The proposed method was tested for the determination of steroids in male blood samples, in which 6 out of 7 steroids were detected and quantified to report concentration values in agreement with those described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luque-Córdoba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry University Instititue (IUNAN), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - M A López-Bascón
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry University Instititue (IUNAN), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - F Priego-Capote
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Annex Marie Curie Building, Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Nanochemistry University Instititue (IUNAN), Campus of Rabanales, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Maimónides Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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19
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Mason KA, Schoelwer MJ, Rogol AD. Androgens During Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence: Physiology and Use in Clinical Practice. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5770947. [PMID: 32115641 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We provide an in-depth review of the role of androgens in male maturation and development, from the fetal stage through adolescence into emerging adulthood, and discuss the treatment of disorders of androgen production throughout these time periods. Testosterone, the primary androgen produced by males, has both anabolic and androgenic effects. Androgen exposure induces virilization and anabolic body composition changes during fetal development, influences growth and virilization during infancy, and stimulates development of secondary sexual characteristics, growth acceleration, bone mass accrual, and alterations of body composition during puberty. Disorders of androgen production may be subdivided into hypo- or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism may be either congenital or acquired (resulting from cranial radiation, trauma, or less common causes). Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism occurs in males with Klinefelter syndrome and may occur in response to pelvic radiation, certain chemotherapeutic agents, and less common causes. These disorders all require testosterone replacement therapy during pubertal maturation and many require lifelong replacement. Androgen (or gonadotropin) therapy is clearly beneficial in those with persistent hypogonadism and self-limited delayed puberty and is now widely used in transgender male adolescents. With more widespread use and newer formulations approved for adults, data from long-term randomized placebo-controlled trials are needed to enable pediatricians to identify the optimal age of initiation, route of administration, and dosing frequency to address the unique needs of their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Mason
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - Alan D Rogol
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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20
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Diagnosis and hormonal treatment of male infertility. Actas Urol Esp 2020; 44:321-327. [PMID: 32241672 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Male infertility is a frequently observed medical condition that is related to the functioning of extremely complex organs such as the pituitary gland and the gonads. The diagnosis and proper management of infertile men is challenging for modern medicine, given the high expectations and demands of current patients, mainly due to the economic and emotional expenses aroused by this "relationship issue". In many cases, patients should receive therapies aimed at improving the functioning of that complex hormonal axis, instead of treating their underlying problem; thus, seeking to optimize the production of gametes with better conditions and improve fertilization rates without requiring assisted procedures.
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21
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Hull EM, Dominguez JM. Neuroendocrine Regulation of Male Sexual Behavior. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:1383-1410. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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22
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Zhou R, Wu J, Liu B, Jiang Y, Chen W, Li J, He Q, He Z. The roles and mechanisms of Leydig cells and myoid cells in regulating spermatogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2681-2695. [PMID: 30980107 PMCID: PMC11105226 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is fundamental to the establishment and maintenance of male reproduction, whereas its abnormality results in male infertility. Somatic cells, including Leydig cells, myoid cells, and Sertoli cells, constitute the microenvironment or the niche of testis, which is essential for regulating normal spermatogenesis. Leydig cells are an important component of the testicular stroma, while peritubular myoid cells are one of the major cell types of seminiferous tubules. Here we addressed the roles and mechanisms of Leydig cells and myoid cells in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Specifically, we summarized the biological features of Leydig cells and peritubular myoid cells, and we introduced the process of testosterone production and its major regulation. We also discussed other hormones, cytokines, growth factors, transcription factors and receptors associated with Leydig cells and myoid cells in mediating spermatogenesis. Furthermore, we highlighted the issues that are worthy of further studies in the regulation of spermatogenesis by Leydig cells and peritubular myoid cells. This review would provide novel insights into molecular mechanisms of the somatic cells in controlling spermatogenesis, and it could offer new targets for developing therapeutic approaches of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhou
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jingrouzi Wu
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Bang Liu
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Yiqun Jiang
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Quanyuan He
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Zuping He
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
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Saad AA, Hussein T, El-Sikaily A, Abdel-Mohsen MA, Mokhamer EH, Youssef AI, Mohammed J. Effect of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Exposure on Sperm DNA in Idiopathic Male Infertility. J Health Pollut 2019; 9:190309. [PMID: 30931169 PMCID: PMC6421954 DOI: 10.5696/2156-9614-9.21.190309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological mechanisms contribute to the relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure and infertility in males by altering semen quality. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of PAHs on male infertility using the sperm chromatin dispersion test (Halo sperm assay). METHODS Sixty-six (66) infertile males under 45 years of age were examined for the determination of urinary metabolite and oxidative stress by measuring lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of glutathione and glutathione-s-transferase, as well as hormonal activity of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and prolactin and semen quality. RESULTS There was an increased level of urinary metabolite of 1-hydroxy pyrene, 1-hydroxy naphthalene and 2-hydroxy naphthalene in the urine of the infertile group. In addition, elevated concentrations of malondialdehyde coincided with a decreased level of antioxidants, leading to oxidative stress in the infertile group. Semen samples showed 30% sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation. CONCLUSIONS The data provide strong evidence of a statistical threshold for semen samples containing 30% sperm DNA fragmentation resulting in a reduced level of pregnancy success. PARTICIPANT CONSENT Obtained. ETHICS APPROVAL Study approval was given by the ethics committee of Alexandria University (United States Department of Health and Human Services, institutional review board registration (IRB), IORG0008812 Medical Research Institute, expires 4/8/2019, OMB No: 0990-0279). COMPETING INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza A. Saad
- Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tarek Hussein
- Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany El-Sikaily
- Marine Pollution Department, Marine Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdel-Mohsen
- Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - El-Hassan Mokhamer
- Molecular Biology lecturer, Zoology Department, Damnhour University, Damanhur, Egypt
| | - Amany I. Youssef
- Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jihan Mohammed
- Applied Medical Chemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Cunha-Silva M, Brito VN, Macedo DB, Bessa DS, Ramos CO, Lima LG, Barroso PS, Arnhold IJP, Segaloff DL, Mendonca BB, Latronico AC. Spontaneous fertility in a male patient with testotoxicosis despite suppression of FSH levels. Hum Reprod 2019. [PMID: 29538680 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Testotoxicosis is a rare cause of peripheral precocious puberty in boys caused by constitutively activating mutations of the LHCG receptor. Affected males usually have normal gonadotropin profiles and fertility in their adult life. Here, we described the long-term follow-up of a 24-year-old young man with severe testotoxicosis due to a de novo activating mutation in the third transmembrane helix of the LHCGR (p.Leu457Arg). This patient was treated with different medications, including medroxyprogesterone acetate, ketoconazole, cyproterone acetate and aromatase inhibitor from age 2.5 to 9.5 years. His basal and GnRH-stimulated gonadotropin levels were continually suppressed during and after medical treatment. At adulthood, extremely high serum testosterone levels (>35 nmol/L), undetectable gonadotropin levels (LH < 0.15 IU/L and FSH < 0.6 IU/L) and oligozoospermia were evidenced. Despite his suppressed FSH levels and an unfavorable spermogram, the patient fathered a healthy girl and biological paternity was confirmed through analysis of microsatellites. Spontaneous fertility in a young man with severe testotoxicosis and chronic suppression of FSH levels reinforces the key role of high intratesticular testosterone levels in human spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cunha-Silva
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V N Brito
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D B Macedo
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D S Bessa
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C O Ramos
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L G Lima
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - P S Barroso
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - I J P Arnhold
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D L Segaloff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - B B Mendonca
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Latronico
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Laboratório de Hormônios e Genética Molecular LIM/42, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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Mehmood S, Aldaweesh S, Junejo NN, Altaweel WM, Kattan SA, Alhathal N. Microdissection testicular sperm extraction: Overall results and impact of preoperative testosterone level on sperm retrieval rate in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia. Urol Ann 2019; 11:287-293. [PMID: 31413508 PMCID: PMC6676821 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_36_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The main objective is to review the overall result and impact of preoperative testosterone level on sperm retrieval rate (SRR) by microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the files of patients who underwent micro-TESE for NOA from August 2013 to December 2014. All patients were evaluated with history, physical examination, and hormonal assessment. Patients who had previous micro-TESE, obstructive azoospermia, or who took hormone therapy were excluded from the study. Patients were classified into two groups. Group A included patients who had low testosterone (<10 nmol/L), and Group B included patients with normal testosterone (>10 nmol/L). The primary endpoint was to review the overall results of the procedure and the impact of preoperative testosterone level on sperm retrieval. Results: A total of 264 patients with NOA underwent micro-TESE. Group A included 133 patients with low testosterone (<10 nmol/l) with a median age of 36 ± 6.59 years, and Group B included 131 patients with normal testosterone (>10 nmol/L) with a median age of 33 ± 7.88 years (P = 0.1350). There was no significant difference in follicle-stimulating hormone (P = 0.2467), luteinizing hormone (P = 0.1078), prolactin (P = 0.5619), and testicular volume (P = 0.4052), whereas a significant difference was found in testosterone level (P = 0.0001) in both groups. Overall, sperm were successfully retrieved in 48.8% of men. SRR in Group B was significantly higher (57.25%) than that in Group A (40.60%) (P = 0.0068). SRR in patients with Sertoli-cell-only pathology was 30.35%, hypospermatogenesis was 89.74%, and maturation arrest was 32.43%. Conclusion: Micro-TESE is a successful and safe procedure in NOA patients with a poor prognosis. Preoperative testosterone level has a significant impact in the SRR by micro-TESE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Mehmood
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shima Aldaweesh
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Noor Nabi Junejo
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Naif Alhathal
- Department of Urology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Kuo PL, Tseng JY, Chen HI, Wu CY, Omar HA, Wang CY, Cheng HY, Hsu CC, Fu TF, Teng YN. Identification of SEPTIN12 as a novel target of the androgen and estrogen receptors in human testicular cells. Biochimie 2018; 158:1-9. [PMID: 30513371 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
SEPTIN12 (SEPT12) is a testis-enriched gene that is downregulated in the testis of infertile men with severe spermatogenic defects. While SEPT12 is involved in spermatogenic failure and sperm motility disorder, SEPT12 transcriptional regulation is still unknown. Here we report the promoter region of SEPT12 as a 245 bp segment upstream of the transcription start site. One androgen receptor (AR) and two estrogen receptor α (ERα) binding sites in this region were initially identified by bioinformatics prediction and confirmed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Truncated ERα or AR binding sites decreased the promoter activity, which indicated that the ERα and AR are essential for the SEPT12 promoter. On the other hand, the promoter activity was enhanced by the treatment with 17β-estradiol (E2) and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT). Thus, one androgen and two estrogen hormone responsive elements located in the promoter of SEPT12 gene can regulate SEPT12 expression. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs759992 T > C and rs3827527 C > T, were observed in the SEPT12 gene promoter region and were able to decrease the promoter activity. In conclusion, the current work identified the promoter of the human SEPT12 gene and provided key evidence about its transcriptional regulation via E2 and 5α-DHT. Since SEPT12 has an important role in spermatogenesis, SEPT12 expression analysis can be developed as a potential tool for the assessment of environmental or food pollution by hormones or for the evaluation of the risk of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Lin Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Yun Tseng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 700, Taiwan
| | - Hau-Inh Chen
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yun Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 700, Taiwan
| | - Hany A Omar
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research and College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, 701, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yi Cheng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 700, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chin Hsu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Fun Fu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ni Teng
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, 700, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Practitioners of male reproductive and sexual medicine must have an intimate understanding of the physiology of male reproductive endocrinology, as such a knowledge is the cornerstone on which hormonal treatments are based. In this review, we highlight what is known about male reproductive endocrine physiology and the various control mechanisms for the system. We also discuss the limitations of our current understanding of the reproductive physiology. We hope that this review is helpful for male reproductive medicine practitioners in understanding the principles on which hormonal treatments are based.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul I Clavijo
- Department of Urology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Wayland Hsiao
- Department of Urology, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland Medical Center, Oakland, California, USA
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Effects of maternal dietary selenium (Se-enriched yeast) on testis development, testosterone level and testicular steroidogenesis-related gene expression of their male kids in Taihang Black Goats. Theriogenology 2018; 114:95-102. [PMID: 29605576 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of maternal dietary selenium (Se-enriched yeast) on testis development, testosterone level and steroidogenesis-related gene expression in testis of their male kids, selected pregnant Taihang Black Goats were randomly allotted to four treatment groups. They were fed the basal gestation and lactation diets supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 2.0 and 4.0 mg of Se/kg DM. Thirty days after weaning, testes were collected from the kids. After the morphological development status of testis was examined, tissue samples were collected for analyzing testosterone concentration and histological parameters. Testosterone synthesis-related genes were detected using real-time PCR. Localization and quantification of androgen receptor (AR) in testis of goats were determined by immunohistochemical and western blot analysis. The results show that Se supplementation in the diet of dams led to higher (p < 0.05) testicular weight, volume, length, width, transverse and vertical grith of their male kids. Excessive Se (4.0 mg/kg) can inhibit the development of testis by decreasing testicular weight and volume. The density of spermatogenic cells and Leydig cells in the Se treatment groups was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that in the control. Maternal dietary Se did not affect the thickness of testes, thickness of germinal epithelium and diameter of seminiferous tubule. Se supplemented in the diet of dams improved the testosterone level in testis tissue and serum, and promote the expression of testosterone-related genes. The mRNA expression of StAR, 3β-HSD and CYP11A1 was decreased with the increasing dietary Se levels of dams. Maternal dietary Se can improve the AR protein abundance in testis of their offspring. AR immunopositive product was detected in Leydig cells, peritubular myoid cells, perivascular smooth muscle cells, primary spermatocytes and spermatids. The expression of AR in spermatogenetic cells is stage specific. This study suggests that maternal dietary Se can influence the testis development and spermatogenesis of their male kids by modulating testosterone synthesis in goats. More attention should be given to the potential role of maternal nutrition in improving reproductive performance of their offspring.
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Yang X, Ochin H, Shu L, Liu J, Shen J, Liu J, Lin C, Cui Y. Homozygous nonsense mutation Trp28X in the LHB gene causes male hypogonadism. J Assist Reprod Genet 2018; 35:913-919. [PMID: 29476300 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate a novel mutation in the luteinizing hormone beta-subunit (LHB) gene in one male patient with hypogonadism due to selective luteinizing hormone (LH) deficiency. METHODS Sanger sequencing of one 28-year-old man born to consanguineous parents was performed. Treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (2000 IU, twice a week) was initiated for 3 months, followed by 5000 IU weekly to date. RESULTS We identified a novel c.84G>A[p.W28X] nonsense LHB mutation. The W28X mutation produces a truncated LHB peptide of seven amino acids, which prevents the synthesis of intact LH. After 40 days of treatment with hCG, the patient exhibited a few spermatozoa in the semen. Treated for 6 months, the patient exhibited normal seminal parameters. CONCLUSIONS We identified a novel mutation in the LHB gene in a male patient with hypogonadism and provided evidence that LHB nonsense mutation can cause selective LH deficiency. We reconfirmed hCG treatment may restore male fertility due to LHB mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - H Ochin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Li Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jinyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiandong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Changsong Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Yugui Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Archibong AE, Rideout ML, Harris KJ, Ramesh A. OXIDATIVE STRESS IN REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2017; 7:95-101. [PMID: 30105313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in the causation of environmentally-induced diseases. However, the role of toxicants in the pathophysiology of disorders and diseases affecting the reproductive system are less understood. This review focuses on some of the mechanisms that underlie OS-induced reproductive toxicity at the cellular- and organ levels (germ cell damage and perturbed organ responses to endocrine stimuli). While most of the reproductive and developmental studies conducted in adult animals and transgenerational adult animals point to the involvement of genotoxicity, the part played by epigenetic alterations is accorded a recent recognition, thus warranting more studies in this area. Additionally, metabolomic, proteomic and transcriptomic approaches need to be employed to advance our understanding of key metabolites formed and the expression of anti-OS genes at the molecular level that are necessary for combating reactive oxygen species formation. The resulting data could be analyzed using bioinformatics tools to identify the pathways linked to disease causation and as a consequence, the adoption of therapeutic strategies, including but not limited to administering phytochemicals (many of which possess antioxidant properties) to improve disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenneth J Harris
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville TN 37208
| | - Aramandla Ramesh
- Department of Biochemistry & Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville TN 37208
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Zang T, Taplin ME, Tamae D, Xie W, Mesaros C, Zhang Z, Bubley G, Montgomery B, Balk SP, Mostaghel EA, Blair IA, Penning TM. Testicular vs adrenal sources of hydroxy-androgens in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:393-404. [PMID: 28663228 PMCID: PMC5593253 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (NADT) is one strategy for the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer; however, the long-term outcomes of NADT with radical prostatectomy including biochemical failure-free survival are not promising. One proposed mechanism is incomplete androgen ablation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of serum hydroxy-androgen suppression in patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer under NADT (leuprolide acetate plus abiraterone acetate and prednisone) and interrogate the primary sources of circulating hydroxy-androgens using our recently described stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography mass spectrometric method. For the first time, three androgen diols including 5-androstene-3β,17β-diol (5-adiol), 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol (3α-adiol), 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (3β-adiol), the glucuronide or sulfate conjugate of 5-adiol and 3α-adiol were measured and observed to be dramatically reduced after NADT. By comparing patients that took leuprolide acetate alone vs leuprolide acetate plus abiraterone acetate and prednisone, we were able to distinguish the primary sources of these androgens and their conjugates as being of either testicular or adrenal in origin. We find that testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 3α-adiol and 3β-adiol were predominately of testicular origin. By contrast, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), epi-androsterone (epi-AST) and their conjugates, 5-adiol sulfate and glucuronide were predominately of adrenal origin. Our findings also show that NADT failed to completely suppress DHEA-sulfate levels and that two unappreciated sources of intratumoral androgens that were not suppressed by leuprolide acetate alone were 5-adiol-sulfate and epi-AST-sulfate of adrenal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhu Zang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational TherapeuticsPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental ToxicologyPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Harvard Medical SchoolLank Center for Genitourinary Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel Tamae
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational TherapeuticsPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental ToxicologyPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wanling Xie
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational BiologyHarvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Clementina Mesaros
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational TherapeuticsPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental ToxicologyPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational TherapeuticsCenter for Cancer Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zhenwei Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational BiologyHarvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Glenn Bubley
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterGenitourinary Medical Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce Montgomery
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Steven P Balk
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterGenitourinary Medical Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ian A Blair
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational TherapeuticsPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental ToxicologyPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational TherapeuticsCenter for Cancer Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Trevor M Penning
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational TherapeuticsPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center of Excellence in Environmental ToxicologyPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology & Translational TherapeuticsCenter for Cancer Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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33
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Naz M, Kamal M. Classification, causes, diagnosis and treatment of male infertility: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-017-0269-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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McBride JA, Coward RM. Recovery of spermatogenesis following testosterone replacement therapy or anabolic-androgenic steroid use. Asian J Androl 2017; 18:373-80. [PMID: 26908067 PMCID: PMC4854084 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.173938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) for hypogonadism continues to rise, particularly in younger men who may wish to remain fertile. Concurrently, awareness of a more pervasive use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) within the general population has been appreciated. Both TRT and AAS can suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis resulting in diminution of spermatogenesis. Therefore, it is important that clinicians recognize previous TRT or AAS use in patients presenting for infertility treatment. Cessation of TRT or AAS use may result in spontaneous recovery of normal spermatogenesis in a reasonable number of patients if allowed sufficient time for recovery. However, some patients may not recover normal spermatogenesis or tolerate waiting for spontaneous recovery. In such cases, clinicians must be aware of the pathophysiologic derangements of the HPG axis related to TRT or AAS use and the pharmacologic agents available to reverse them. The available agents include injectable gonadotropins, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and aromatase inhibitors, but their off-label use is poorly described in the literature, potentially creating a knowledge gap for the clinician. Reviewing their use clinically for the treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and other HPG axis abnormalities can familiarize the clinician with the manner in which they can be used to recover spermatogenesis after TRT or AAS use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert M Coward
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7235, USA
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Shoshany O, Abhyankar N, Mufarreh N, Daniel G, Niederberger C. Outcomes of anastrozole in oligozoospermic hypoandrogenic subfertile men. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:589-594. [PMID: 28069178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether the change in sperm parameters in subfertile hypoandrogenic men treated with anastrozole is correlated to the magnitude of increase in testosterone (T) to estrogen ratio in men responding to treatment. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Male fertility clinic. PATIENT(S) The study group consisted of 86 subfertile hypoandrogenic men with low T/estradiol (E2) ratio (n = 78) or a prior aversive reaction to clomiphene citrate (n = 8). INTERVENTION(S) All patients were treated with 1 mg anastrozole daily, administered orally. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Hormone analysis and semen analysis before and after treatment were performed. Hormone analysis included measurements of total T, E2, sex-hormone binding globulin, albumin, FSH, and LH, and bioavailable T was calculated. Total motile sperm count was calculated from the semen analysis. RESULT(S) In all, 95.3% of patients had an increased serum T and decreased serum E2 after treatment with anastrozole. Sperm concentration and total motile counts improved in 18 of 21 subfertile hypoandrogenic oligozoospermic men treated with anastrozole. In these men the magnitude of total motile count increase was significantly correlated with the change in the T/E2 ratio. No improvement was seen in semen parameters of men with azoospermia, cryptozoospermia, or normozoospermia at presentation. CONCLUSION(S) Approximately 95% of men with hypoandrogenism responded with improved endocrine parameters, and a subset of oligozoospermic men (approximately 25% of all patients) displayed significantly improved sperm parameters. In that subset, increase in sperm parameters was correlated with the change in the T/E2 ratio, which argues for a physiologic effect of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohad Shoshany
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Nikita Abhyankar
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Garvey Daniel
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Craig Niederberger
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Rambhatla A, Mills JN, Rajfer J. The Role of Estrogen Modulators in Male Hypogonadism and Infertility. Rev Urol 2016; 18:66-72. [PMID: 27601965 DOI: 10.3909/riu0711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol, normally considered a female hormone, appears to play a significant role in men in a variety of physiologic functions, such as bone metabolism, cardiovascular health, and testicular function. As such, estradiol has been targeted by male reproductive and sexual medicine specialists to help treat conditions such as infertility and hypogonadism. The compounds that modulate estradiol levels in these clinical conditions are referred to as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and aromatase inhibitors (AIs). In a certain subset of infertile men, particularly those with hypogonadism, or those who have a low serum testosterone to estradiol ratio, there is some evidence suggesting that SERMs and AIs can reverse the low serum testosterone levels or the testosterone to estradiol imbalance and occasionally improve any associated infertile or subfertile state. This review focuses on the role these SERMs and AIs play in the aforementioned reproductive conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Rambhatla
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jesse N Mills
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jacob Rajfer
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, CA
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Protection from ischemia by preconditioning, postconditioning, and combined treatment in rabbit testicular ischemia reperfusion injury. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 608:1-7. [PMID: 27586089 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protection of ischemic preconditioning (IPreC), ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) and combined treatment on ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) of testis. A rabbit testicular ischemia reperfusion (IR) model was established with determining of rabbit serum testosterone, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and tissues pathology. After IR, the NO, MDA, PC, SOD, MPO, and GSH-Px expression significantly increased in torsive testis, and significantly decreased after IPreC, IPostC, and combined treatment in torsive testis when compared to contralateral testis. In torsive testis, testicular tissues was severely damaged with spermatogenic cells disappearing, and were filled with light eosin edema liquid. Cell apoptosis index significantly increased, and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax significantly decreased. After IPreC, IPostC, and combined treatment, testicular tissues were restored to normal, cell apoptosis index significantly decreased, and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax significantly increased. It indicates that IPreC, IPostC, and combined treatment has an obvious protective effect on testicular IRI, by decreasing the oxidative stress index and cell apoptosis, provides a significant reference for the treatment of testicular torsion induced infertility, and exhibits a great value in clinical applications.
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Spermatogenesis in humans and its affecting factors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 59:10-26. [PMID: 27143445 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is an extraordinary complex process. The differentiation of spermatogonia into spermatozoa requires the participation of several cell types, hormones, paracrine factors, genes and epigenetic regulators. Recent researches in animals and humans have furthered our understanding of the male gamete differentiation, and led to clinical tools for the better management of male infertility. There is still much to be learned about this intricate process. In this review, the critical steps of human spermatogenesis are discussed together with its main affecting factors.
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Martin LJ. Cell interactions and genetic regulation that contribute to testicular Leydig cell development and differentiation. Mol Reprod Dev 2016; 83:470-87. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luc J. Martin
- Department of Biology; Université de Moncton; Moncton New-Brunswick Canada
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Abstract
The majority of male infertility is idiopathic. However, there are multiple known causes of male infertility, and some of these causes can be treated medically with high success rates. In cases of idiopathic or genetic causes of male infertility, medical management is typically empirical; in most instances medical therapy represents off-label use that is not specifically approved by the FDA. Understanding the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and the effect of estrogen excess is critical for the assessment and treatment of male infertility. The use of certain medical treatment has been associated with an increase in sperm production or motility, and primarily focuses on optimizing testosterone (T) production from the Leydig cells, increasing follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels to stimulate Sertoli cells and spermatogenesis, and normalizing the T to estrogen ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Dabaja
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Peter N Schlegel
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Chen H, Mruk DD, Xia W, Bonanomi M, Silvestrini B, Cheng CY. Effective Delivery of Male Contraceptives Behind the Blood-Testis Barrier (BTB) - Lesson from Adjudin. Curr Med Chem 2016; 23:701-13. [PMID: 26758796 PMCID: PMC4845722 DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160112122724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is one of the tightest blood-tissue barriers in the mammalian body. It divides the seminiferous epithelium of the seminiferous tubule, the functional unit of the testis, where spermatogenesis takes place, into the basal and the adluminal (apical) compartments. Functionally, the BTB provides a unique microenvironment for meiosis I/II and post-meiotic spermatid development which take place exclusively in the apical compartment, away from the host immune system, and it contributes to the immune privilege status of testis. However, the BTB also poses major obstacles in developing male contraceptives (e.g., adjudin) that exert their effects on germ cells in the apical compartment, such as by disrupting spermatid adhesion to the Sertoli cell, causing germ cell exfoliation from the testis. Besides the tight junction (TJ) between adjacent Sertoli cells at the BTB that restricts the entry of contraceptives from the microvessels in the interstitium to the adluminal compartment, drug transporters, such as P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), are also present that actively pump drugs out of the testis, limiting drug bioavailability. Recent advances in drug formulations, such as drug particle micronization (<50 μm) and co-grinding of drug particles with ß-cyclodextrin have improved bioavailability of contraceptives via considerable increase in solubility. Herein, we discuss development in drug formulations using adjudin as an example. We also put emphasis on the possible use of nanotechnology to deliver adjudin to the apical compartment with multidrug magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles. These advances in technology will significantly enhance our ability to develop effective non-hormonal male contraceptives for men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chuen-Yan Cheng
- Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Ave, New York 10065, USA..
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Helo S, Ellen J, Mechlin C, Feustel P, Grossman M, Ditkoff E, McCullough A. A Randomized Prospective Double‐Blind Comparison Trial of Clomiphene Citrate and Anastrozole in Raising Testosterone in Hypogonadal Infertile Men. J Sex Med 2015; 12:1761-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Impact of Y chromosome AZFc subdeletion shows lower risk of fertility impairment in Siddi tribal men, Western Ghats, India. Basic Clin Androl 2015; 25:1. [PMID: 25901288 PMCID: PMC4404687 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-014-0017-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background India is characterized by the presence of a large number of endogamous castes, tribes and religions, having second largest concentration of tribal population in the World with differed genetic ethnicity, lifestyle and environmental habitat from those of mainstream population. Lack of data is constraint when it comes to tracking the tribal population health status, specifically reproductive health aspects by experimental approaches. The male fertility impairment depends on Y chromosome azoospermia factor c (AZFc) subdeletions, which varies highly in different geographical populations and in an Indian admixed population the frequency and effect of deletion on fertility is relatively poorly documented. Therefore, the current study has been initiated to enumerate and characterize the strength of association between Yq11 AZFc subdeletions and fertility impairment among Siddi tribal men of Western Ghats, India. Methods Here, using predesigned performa we collected personal as well as familial information of 200 volunteered male subjects and grouped them into: (i) 104 married individuals with proven fertility, and (ii) 96 unmarried men with unknown fertility status. Quantification of reproductive hormones such as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), leutinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were studied. Oxidative stress markers like total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) along with analysis of five sequence tagged site (STS) hotspot markers were employed for mapping of Y chromosome AZFc subdeletions. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Results Hormonal analysis and estimation of oxidative stress markers showed normal values with no significant differences between two subgroups. However, the Y chromosome AZFc subdeletion mapping revealed evident results as an individual displayed absence of STS sY1191 marker indicating b2/b3 deletion, whereas rest of the subjects exhibited no deletion for all the five STS markers. While, the individual has fathered two children, at this point it is difficult to draw a causal link between the observed deletion and its effect on fertility. Conclusion Thus, our current study suggests that the association between AZFc subdeletions with its effect on infertility varies highly in this study cohort compared to other Indian ethnic groups, exhibiting lower risk factor and non-association reaching insignificance among Siddi tribal men. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12610-014-0017-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Fijak M, Damm LJ, Wenzel JP, Aslani F, Walecki M, Wahle E, Eisel F, Bhushan S, Hackstein H, Baal N, Schuler G, Konrad L, Rafiq A, O'Hara L, Smith LB, Meinhardt A. Influence of Testosterone on Inflammatory Response in Testicular Cells and Expression of Transcription Factor Foxp3 in T Cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2015; 74:12-25. [DOI: 10.1111/aji.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Fijak
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen Germany
| | - Lara-Jil Damm
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen Germany
| | - Jan-Per Wenzel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen Germany
| | - Ferial Aslani
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen Germany
| | - Magdalena Walecki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen Germany
| | - Eva Wahle
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen Germany
| | - Florian Eisel
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen Germany
| | - Sudhanshu Bhushan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen Germany
| | - Nelli Baal
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen Germany
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- Clinic for Obstetrics; Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen Germany
| | - Lutz Konrad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Faculty of Medicine; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen Germany
| | - Amir Rafiq
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen Germany
| | - Laura O'Hara
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Lee B. Smith
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - Andreas Meinhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; Justus-Liebig-University; Giessen Germany
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Wen Q, Zheng QS, Li XX, Hu ZY, Gao F, Cheng CY, Liu YX. Wt1 dictates the fate of fetal and adult Leydig cells during development in the mouse testis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E1131-43. [PMID: 25336526 PMCID: PMC6189632 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00425.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Wilms' tumor 1 (Wt1) is a tumor suppressor gene encoding ∼24 zinc finger transcription factors. In the mammalian testis, Wt1 is expressed mostly by Sertoli cells (SCs) involved in testis development, spermatogenesis, and adult Leydig cell (ALC) steroidogenesis. Global knockout (KO) of Wt1 is lethal in mice due to defects in embryogenesis. Herein, we showed that Wt1 is involved in regulating fetal Leydig cell (FLC) degeneration and ALC differentiation during testicular development. Using Wt1(-/flox);Amh-Cre mice that specifically deleted Wt1 in the SC vs. age-matched wild-type (WT) controls, FLC-like-clusters were found in Wt1-deficient testes that remained mitotically active from postnatal day 1 (P1) to P56, and no ALC was detected at these ages. Leydig cells in mutant adult testes displayed morphological features of FLC. Also, FLC-like cells in adult mutant testes had reduced expression in ALC-associated genes Ptgds, Sult1e1, Vcam1, Hsd11b1, Hsd3b6, and Hsd17b3 but high expression of FLC-associated genes Thbs2 and Hsd3b1. Whereas serum LH and testosterone level in mutant mice were not different from controls, intratesticular testosterone level was significantly reduced. Deletion of Wt1 gene also perturbed the expression of steroidogenic enzymes Star, P450c17, Hsd3b6, Hsd3b1, Hsd17b1, and Hsd17b3. FLCs in adult mutant testes failed to convert androstenedione to testosterone due to a lack of Hsd17b3, and this defect was rescued by coculturing with fetal SCs. In summary, FLC-like cells in mutant testes are putative FLCs that remain mitotically active in adult mice, illustrating that Wt1 dictates the fate of FLC and ALC during postnatal testis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Qiao-Song Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Xi-Xia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Yuan Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - C Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, New York, New York
| | - Yi-Xun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproduction Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
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Jones S, Boisvert A, Duong TB, Francois S, Thrane P, Culty M. Disruption of Rat Testis Development Following Combined In Utero Exposure to the Phytoestrogen Genistein and Antiandrogenic Plasticizer Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate1. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:64. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.120907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Le B, Chen H, Zirkin B, Burnett A. New targets for increasing endogenous testosterone production: clinical implications and review of the literature. Andrology 2014; 2:484-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Le
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute; Johns Hopkins Hospital; Baltimore MD USA
| | - H. Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
| | - B. Zirkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Bloomberg School of Public Health; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore MD USA
| | - A. Burnett
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute; Johns Hopkins Hospital; Baltimore MD USA
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Ramaswamy S, Weinbauer GF. Endocrine control of spermatogenesis: Role of FSH and LH/ testosterone. SPERMATOGENESIS 2014; 4:e996025. [PMID: 26413400 PMCID: PMC4581062 DOI: 10.1080/21565562.2014.996025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of testicular functions (production of sperm and androgens) is an important aspect of preclinical safety assessment and testicular toxicity is comparatively far more common than ovarian toxicity. This chapter focuses (1) on the histological sequelae of disturbed reproductive endocrinology in rat, dog and nonhuman primates and (2) provides a review of our current understanding of the roles of gonadotropins and androgens. The response of the rodent testis to endocrine disturbances is clearly different from that of dog and primates with different germ cell types and spermatogenic stages being affected initially and also that the end-stage spermatogenic involution is more pronounced in dog and primates compared to rodents. Luteinizing hormone (LH)/testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are the pivotal endocrine factors controlling testicular functions. The relative importance of either hormone is somewhat different between rodents and primates. Generally, however, both LH/testosterone and FSH are necessary for quantitatively normal spermatogenesis, at least in non-seasonal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Ramaswamy
- Center for Research in Reproductive Physiology (CRRP); Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences; University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Magee-Womens Research Institute; Pittsburgh, PA USA
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Kang HJ, Imperato-McGinley J, Zhu YS, Rosenwaks Z. The effect of 5α-reductase-2 deficiency on human fertility. Fertil Steril 2014; 101:310-6. [PMID: 24412121 PMCID: PMC4031759 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.11.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A most interesting and intriguing male disorder of sexual differentiation is due to 5α-reductase-2 isoenzyme deficiency. These male infants are born with ambiguous external genitalia due to a deficiency in their ability to catalyze the conversion of T to dihydrotestosterone. Dihydrotestosterone is a potent androgen responsible for differentiation of the urogenital sinus and genital tubercle into the external genitalia, urethra, and prostate. Affected males are born with a clitoral-like phallus, bifid scrotum, hypospadias, blind shallow vaginal pouch from incomplete closure of the urogenital sinus, and a rudimentary prostate. At puberty, the surge in mainly T production prompts virilization, causing most boys to choose gender reassignment to male. Fertility is a challenge for affected men for several reasons. Uncorrected cryptorchidism is associated with low sperm production, and there is evidence of defective transformation of spermatogonia into spermatocytes. The underdeveloped prostate and consequent low semen volumes affect sperm transport. In addition, semen may not liquefy due to a lack of prostate-specific antigen. In the present review, we discuss the 5α-reductase-2 deficiency syndrome and its impact on human fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hey-Joo Kang
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Yuan-Shan Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Zev Rosenwaks
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York.
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