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Ye T, Ma T, Chen Y, Liu C, Jiao Z, Wang X, Xue H. The role of redox-active small molecules and oxidative protein post-translational modifications in seed aging. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108810. [PMID: 38857563 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Seed vigor is a crucial indicator of seed quality. Variations in seed vigor are closely associated with seed properties and storage conditions. The vigor of mature seeds progressively declines during storage, which is called seed deterioration or aging. Seed aging induces a cascade of cellular damage, including impaired subcellular structures and macromolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) act as signaling molecules during seed aging causing oxidative damage and triggering programmed cell death (PCD). Mitochondria are the main site of ROS production and change morphology and function before other organelles during aging. The roles of other small redox-active molecules in regulating cell and seed vigor, such as nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), were identified later. ROS, NO, and H2S typically regulate protein function through post-translational modifications (PTMs), including carbonylation, S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosylation, and S-sulfhydration. These signaling molecules as well as the PTMs they induce interact to regulate cell fate and seed vigor. This review was conducted to describe the physiological changes and underlying molecular mechanisms that in seed aging and provides a comprehensive view of how ROS, NO, and H2S affect cell death and seed vigor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Tianxiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hua Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Remediation, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Yusri K, Kumar S, Fong S, Gruber J, Sorrentino V. Towards Healthy Longevity: Comprehensive Insights from Molecular Targets and Biomarkers to Biological Clocks. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6793. [PMID: 38928497 PMCID: PMC11203944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex and time-dependent decline in physiological function that affects most organisms, leading to increased risk of age-related diseases. Investigating the molecular underpinnings of aging is crucial to identify geroprotectors, precisely quantify biological age, and propose healthy longevity approaches. This review explores pathways that are currently being investigated as intervention targets and aging biomarkers spanning molecular, cellular, and systemic dimensions. Interventions that target these hallmarks may ameliorate the aging process, with some progressing to clinical trials. Biomarkers of these hallmarks are used to estimate biological aging and risk of aging-associated disease. Utilizing aging biomarkers, biological aging clocks can be constructed that predict a state of abnormal aging, age-related diseases, and increased mortality. Biological age estimation can therefore provide the basis for a fine-grained risk stratification by predicting all-cause mortality well ahead of the onset of specific diseases, thus offering a window for intervention. Yet, despite technological advancements, challenges persist due to individual variability and the dynamic nature of these biomarkers. Addressing this requires longitudinal studies for robust biomarker identification. Overall, utilizing the hallmarks of aging to discover new drug targets and develop new biomarkers opens new frontiers in medicine. Prospects involve multi-omics integration, machine learning, and personalized approaches for targeted interventions, promising a healthier aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalishah Yusri
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Sheng Fong
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Clinical and Translational Sciences PhD Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jan Gruber
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | - Vincenzo Sorrentino
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism and Amsterdam Neuroscience Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Włodarski A, Szymczak-Pajor I, Kasznicki J, Antanaviciute EM, Szymańska B, Śliwińska A. Association of Glutathione Peroxidase 3 (GPx3) and miR-196a with Carbohydrate Metabolism Disorders in the Elderly. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5409. [PMID: 38791447 PMCID: PMC11121935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs) prompts the need for early diagnosis and effective markers for their prediction. Hyperglycemia, the primary indicator of CMDs including prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leads to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress (OxS). This condition, resulting from chronic hyperglycemia and insufficient antioxidant defense, causes damage to biomolecules, triggering diabetes complications. Additionally, aging itself can serve as a source of OxS due to the weakening of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Notably, previous research indicates that miR-196a, by downregulating glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), contributes to insulin resistance (IR). Additionally, a GPx3 decrease is observed in overweight/obese and insulin-resistant individuals and in the elderly population. This study investigates plasma GPx3 levels and miR-196a expression as potential CMD risk indicators. We used ELISA to measure GPx3 and qRT-PCR for miR-196a expression, supplemented by multivariate linear regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Our findings included a significant GPx3 reduction in the CMD patients (n = 126), especially in the T2DM patients (n = 51), and a decreasing trend in the prediabetes group (n = 37). miR-196a expression, although higher in the CMD and T2DM groups than in the controls, was not statistically significant, potentially due to the small sample size. In the individuals with CMD, GPx3 levels exhibited a negative correlation with the mass of adipose tissue, muscle, and total body water, while miR-196a positively correlated with fat mass. In the CMD group, the analysis revealed a weak negative correlation between glucose and GPx3 levels. ROC analysis indicated a 5.2-fold increased CMD risk with GPx3 below 419.501 ng/mL. Logistic regression suggested that each 100 ng/mL GPx3 increase corresponded to a roughly 20% lower CMD risk (OR = 0.998; 95% CI: 0.996-0.999; p = 0.031). These results support the potential of GPx3 as a biomarker for CMD, particularly in T2DM, and the lack of a significant decline in GPx3 levels in prediabetic individuals suggests that it may not serve reliably as an early indicator of CMDs, warranting further large-scale validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Włodarski
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (I.S.-P.)
| | - Izabela Szymczak-Pajor
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (I.S.-P.)
| | - Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Egle Morta Antanaviciute
- Centre for Cellular Microenvironments, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;
| | - Bożena Szymańska
- Research Laboratory CoreLab, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8 St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (I.S.-P.)
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Yang J, Luo J, Tian X, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wu X. Progress in Understanding Oxidative Stress, Aging, and Aging-Related Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:394. [PMID: 38671842 PMCID: PMC11047596 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced through redox reactions as byproducts of respiratory and metabolic activities. However, due to various endogenous and exogenous factors, the body may produce excessive ROS, which leads to oxidative stress (OS). Numerous studies have shown that OS causes a variety of pathological changes in cells, including mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, telomere shortening, lipid peroxidation, and protein oxidative modification, all of which can trigger apoptosis and senescence. OS also induces a variety of aging-related diseases, such as retinal disease, neurodegenerative disease, osteoarthritis, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, ovarian disease, and prostate disease. In this review, we aim to introduce the multiple internal and external triggers that mediate ROS levels in rodents and humans as well as the relationship between OS, aging, and aging-related diseases. Finally, we present a statistical analysis of effective antioxidant measures currently being developed and applied in the field of aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Yang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (J.Y.); (J.L.); (X.T.)
| | - Juyue Luo
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (J.Y.); (J.L.); (X.T.)
| | - Xutong Tian
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (J.Y.); (J.L.); (X.T.)
| | - Yaping Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China;
| | - Yumeng Li
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China;
| | - Xin Wu
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China; (J.Y.); (J.L.); (X.T.)
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China;
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Wang S, Xiao F, Yuan Y, Li J, Liang X, Fan X, Zhang M, Yan T, Yang M, He Z, Yang D. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal that lemon extract prolongs Drosophila lifespan by affecting metabolism. Genomics 2024; 116:110751. [PMID: 38052259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is an evolutionarily conserved and irreversible biological process in different species. Numerous studies have reported that taking medicine is an effective approach to slow ageing. Lemon extract (LE) is a natural extract of lemon fruit that contains a variety of bioactive phytochemicals. Various forms of LE have been shown to play a role in anti-ageing and improving ageing-related diseases. However, studies on the molecular mechanism of LE in Drosophila ageing have not been reported. In this study, we found that 0.05 g/L LE could significantly extend Drosophila lifespan and greatly improve antioxidative and anti-heat stress abilities. Furthermore, transcriptome and metabolome analyses of 10 d flies between the LE-fed and control groups suggested that the differentially expressed gene ppo1 (Prophenoloxidase 1) and metabolite L-DOPA (Levodopa) were co-enriched in the tyrosine metabolism pathway. Overall, our results indicate that affecting metabolism was the main reason for LE extending Drosophila lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ya Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiamei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Mingwang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Taiming Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Deying Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.
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Hayashi T, Kato N, Furudoi K, Hayashi I, Kyoizumi S, Yoshida K, Kusunoki Y, Furukawa K, Imaizumi M, Hida A, Tanabe O, Ohishi W. Early-life atomic-bomb irradiation accelerates immunological aging and elevates immune-related intracellular reactive oxygen species. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13940. [PMID: 37539495 PMCID: PMC10577552 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in immune responses; however, their excessive production and accumulation increases the risk of inflammation-related diseases. Although irradiation is known to accelerate immunological aging, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. To determine the possible involvement of ROS in this mechanism, we examined 10,023 samples obtained from 3752 atomic-bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, who participated in repeated biennial examinations from 2008 to 2016, for the effects of aging and radiation exposure on intracellular ROS (H2 O2 and O2 •- ) levels, percentages of T-cell subsets, and the effects of radiation exposure on the relationship between cell percentages and intracellular ROS levels in T-cell subsets. The cell percentages and intracellular ROS levels in T-cell subsets were measured using flow cytometry, with both fluorescently labeled antibodies and the fluorescent reagents, carboxy-DCFDA and hydroethidine. The percentages of naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells decreased with increasing age and radiation dose, while the intracellular O2 •- levels in central and effector memory CD8+ T cells increased. Additionally, when divided into three groups based on the percentages of naïve CD4+ T cells, intracellular O2 •- levels of central and effector memory CD8+ T cells were significantly elevated with the lowest radiation dose group in the naïve CD4+ T cells. Thus, the radiation exposure-induced decrease in the naïve CD4+ T cell pool size may reflect decreased immune function, resulting in increased intracellular ROS levels in central and effector memory CD8+ T cells, and increased intracellular oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Hayashi
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
- Biosample Research CenterRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Naohiro Kato
- Department of StatisticsRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Keiko Furudoi
- Biosample Research CenterRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Ikue Hayashi
- Central Research LaboratoryHiroshima University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical and Health SciencesHiroshimaJapan
| | - Seishi Kyoizumi
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Kengo Yoshida
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Yoichiro Kusunoki
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | | | - Misa Imaizumi
- Biosample Research CenterRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
- Department of Nagasaki Clinical StudiesRadiation Effects Research FoundationNagasakiJapan
| | - Ayumi Hida
- Department of Nagasaki Clinical StudiesRadiation Effects Research FoundationNagasakiJapan
| | - Osamu Tanabe
- Biosample Research CenterRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
| | - Waka Ohishi
- Department of Hiroshima Clinical StudiesRadiation Effects Research FoundationHiroshimaJapan
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Walter S, Mertens C, Muckenthaler MU, Ott C. Cardiac iron metabolism during aging - Role of inflammation and proteolysis. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 215:111869. [PMID: 37678569 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Iron is the most abundant trace element in the human body. Since iron can switch between its 2-valent and 3-valent form it is essential in various physiological processes such as energy production, proliferation or DNA synthesis. Especially high metabolic organs such as the heart rely on iron-associated iron-sulfur and heme proteins. However, due to switches in iron oxidation state, iron overload exhibits high toxicity through formation of reactive oxygen species, underlining the importance of balanced iron levels. Growing evidence demonstrates disturbance of this balance during aging. While age-associated cardiovascular diseases are often related to iron deficiency, in physiological aging cardiac iron accumulates. To understand these changes, we focused on inflammation and proteolysis, two hallmarks of aging, and their role in iron metabolism. Via the IL-6-hepcidin axis, inflammation and iron status are strongly connected often resulting in anemia accompanied by infiltration of macrophages. This tight connection between anemia and inflammation highlights the importance of the macrophage iron metabolism during inflammation. Age-related decrease in proteolytic activity additionally affects iron balance due to impaired degradation of iron metabolism proteins. Therefore, this review accentuates alterations in iron metabolism during aging with regards to inflammation and proteolysis to draw attention to their implications and associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Walter
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Wuppertal, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Mertens
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Immunology, and Hematology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Center for Translational Biomedical Iron Research, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Immunology, and Hematology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany; Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christiane Ott
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany; TraceAge-DFG Research Unit on Interactions of Essential Trace Elements in Healthy and Diseased Elderly, Potsdam-Berlin-Jena, Wuppertal, Germany; DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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8
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Piao Y, Yun SY, Fu Z, Jang JM, Back MJ, Kim HH, Kim DK. Recombinant Human HAPLN1 Mitigates Pulmonary Emphysema by Increasing TGF-β Receptor I and Sirtuins Levels in Human Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Mol Cells 2023; 46:558-572. [PMID: 37587649 PMCID: PMC10495690 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will be the third leading cause of death worldwide by 2030. One of its components, emphysema, has been defined as a lung disease that irreversibly damages the lungs' alveoli. Treatment is currently unavailable for emphysema symptoms and complete cure of the disease. Hyaluronan (HA) and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1), an HA-binding protein linking HA in the extracellular matrix to stabilize the proteoglycan structure, forms a bulky hydrogel-like aggregate. Studies on the biological role of the full-length HAPLN1, a simple structure-stabilizing protein, are limited. Here, we demonstrated for the first time that treating human alveolar epithelial type 2 cells with recombinant human HAPLN1 (rhHAPLN1) increased TGF-β receptor 1 (TGF-β RI) protein levels, but not TGF-β RII, in a CD44-dependent manner with concurrent enhancement of the phosphorylated Smad3 (p-Smad3), but not p-Smad2, upon TGF-β1 stimulation. Furthermore, rhHAPLN1 significantly increased sirtuins levels (i.e., SIRT1/2/6) without TGF-β1 and inhibited acetylated p300 levels that were increased by TGF-β1. rhHAPLN1 is crucial in regulating cellular senescence, including p53, p21, and p16, and inflammation markers such as p-NF-κB and Nrf2. Both senile emphysema mouse model induced via intraperitoneal rhHAPLN1 injections and porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced COPD mouse model generated via rhHAPLN1-containing aerosols inhalations showed a significantly potent efficacy in reducing alveolar spaces enlargement. Preclinical trials are underway to investigate the effects of inhaled rhHAPLN1-containing aerosols on several COPD animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Piao
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
- HaplnScience Inc., Seongnam 13494, Korea
| | - So Yoon Yun
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
- HaplnScience Inc., Seongnam 13494, Korea
| | - Zhicheng Fu
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Ji Min Jang
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Moon Jung Back
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Ha Hyung Kim
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Dae Kyong Kim
- Department of Environmental & Health Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
- HaplnScience Inc., Seongnam 13494, Korea
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Cooper ID, Kyriakidou Y, Petagine L, Edwards K, Elliott BT. Bio-Hacking Better Health-Leveraging Metabolic Biochemistry to Maximise Healthspan. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1749. [PMID: 37760052 PMCID: PMC10525476 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In the pursuit of longevity and healthspan, we are challenged with first overcoming chronic diseases of ageing: cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, dementias, type 2 diabetes mellitus. These are hyperinsulinaemia diseases presented in different tissue types. Hyperinsulinaemia reduces endogenous antioxidants, via increased consumption and reduced synthesis. Hyperinsulinaemia enforces glucose fuelling, consuming 4 NAD+ to produce 2 acetyl moieties; beta-oxidation, ketolysis and acetoacetate consume 2, 1 and 0, respectively. This decreases sirtuin, PARPs and oxidative management capacity, leaving reactive oxygen species to diffuse to the cytosol, upregulating aerobic glycolysis, NF-kB and cell division signalling. Also, oxidising cardiolipin, reducing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and apoptosis ability; driving a tumourigenic phenotype. Over time, increasing senescent/pathological cell populations occurs, increasing morbidity and mortality. Beta-hydroxybutyrate, an antioxidant, metabolite and signalling molecule, increases synthesis of antioxidants via preserving NAD+ availability and enhancing OXPHOS capacity. Fasting and ketogenic diets increase ketogenesis concurrently decreasing insulin secretion and demand; hyperinsulinaemia inhibits ketogenesis. Lifestyles that maintain lower insulin levels decrease antioxidant catabolism, additionally increasing their synthesis, improving oxidative stress management and mitochondrial function and, subsequently, producing healthier cells. This supports tissue and organ health, leading to a better healthspan, the first challenge that must be overcome in the pursuit of youthful longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella D. Cooper
- Ageing Biology and Age-Related Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK; (Y.K.); (L.P.); (K.E.); (B.T.E.)
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10
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Lippi A, Krisko A. Protein aggregation: A detrimental symptom or an adaptation mechanism? J Neurochem 2023. [PMID: 37694504 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein quality control mechanisms oversee numerous aspects of protein lifetime. From the point of protein synthesis, protein homeostasis machineries take part in folding, solubilization, and/or degradation of impaired proteins. Some proteins follow an alternative path upon loss of their solubility, thus are secluded from the cytosol and form protein aggregates. Protein aggregates differ in their function and composition, rendering protein aggregation a complex phenomenon that continues to receive plenty of attention in the scientific and medical communities. Traditionally, protein aggregates have been associated with aging and a large spectrum of protein folding diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes, or cataract. However, a body of evidence suggests that they may act as an adaptive mechanism to overcome transient stressful conditions, serving as a sink for the removal of misfolded proteins from the cytosol or storage compartments for machineries required upon stress release. In this review, we present examples and evidence elaborating different possible roles of protein aggregation and discuss their potential roles in stress survival, aging, and disease, as well as possible anti-aggregation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lippi
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anita Krisko
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Uemura T, Matsunaga M, Yokota Y, Takao K, Furuchi T. Inhibition of Polyamine Catabolism Reduces Cellular Senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13397. [PMID: 37686212 PMCID: PMC10488189 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging of the global population has necessitated the identification of effective anti-aging technologies based on scientific evidence. Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are essential for cell growth and function. Age-related reductions in polyamine levels have been shown to be associated with reduced cognitive and physical functions. We have previously found that the expression of spermine oxidase (SMOX) increases with age; however, the relationship between SMOX expression and cellular senescence remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between increased SMOX expression and cellular senescence using human-liver-derived HepG2 cells. Intracellular spermine levels decreased and spermidine levels increased with the serial passaging of cells (aged cells), and aged cells showed increased expression of SMOX. The levels of acrolein-conjugated protein, which is produced during spermine degradation, also increases. Senescence-associated β-gal activity was increased in aged cells, and the increase was suppressed by MDL72527, an inhibitor of acetylpolyamine oxidase (AcPAO) and SMOX, both of which are enzymes that catalyze polyamine degradation. DNA damage accumulated in aged cells and MDL72527 reduced DNA damage. These results suggest that the SMOX-mediated degradation of spermine plays an important role in cellular senescence. Our results demonstrate that cellular senescence can be controlled by inhibiting spermine degradation using a polyamine-catabolizing enzyme inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Uemura
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado 350-0295, Saitama, Japan (K.T.); (T.F.)
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12
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Zhang W, Wang T, Xue Y, Zhan B, Lai Z, Huang W, Peng X, Zhou Y. Research progress of extracellular vesicles and exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238789. [PMID: 37646039 PMCID: PMC10461809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and exosomes can significantly improve the curative effect of oxidative stress-related diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles and exosomes (MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos) are rich in bioactive molecules and have many biological regulatory functions. In this review, we describe how MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos reduce the related markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in various systemic diseases, and the molecular mechanism of MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos in treating apoptosis and vascular injury induced by oxidative stress. The results of a large number of experimental studies have shown that both local and systemic administration can effectively inhibit the oxidative stress response in diseases and promote the survival and regeneration of damaged parenchymal cells. The mRNA and miRNAs in MSC-EVs and MSC-Exos are the most important bioactive molecules in disease treatment, which can inhibit the apoptosis, necrosis and oxidative stress of lung, heart, kidney, liver, bone, skin and other cells, and promote their survive and regenerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanye Xue
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingbing Zhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Zengjie Lai
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinsheng Peng
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Marine Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanfang Zhou
- The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
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13
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Luo J, Wang X, Wei T, Lang K, Bao C, Yang D. Peroxinredoxin 6 reduction accelerates cigarette smoke extract‑induced senescence by regulating autophagy in BEAS‑2B cells. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:375. [PMID: 37415842 PMCID: PMC10320655 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS)-induced accelerated senescence and insufficient autophagy has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Peroxiredoxin (PRDX) 6 is a protein with prevalent antioxidant capacity. Previous studies indicate that PRDX6 could activate autophagy and alleviate senescence in other diseases. The present study investigated whether PRDX6-regulated autophagy was involved in the regulation of CS extract (CSE)-induced BEAS-2B cell senescence via the knockdown of PRDX6 expression. Furthermore, the present study evaluated the mRNA levels of PRDX6, autophagy and senescence-associated genes in the small airway epithelium from patients with COPD by analyzing the GSE20257 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The results demonstrated that CSE reduced PRDX6 expression levels and transiently induced the activation of autophagy, followed by the accelerated senescence of BEAS-2B cells. Knockdown of PRDX6 induced autophagy degradation and accelerated senescence in CSE-treated BEAS-2B cells. Furthermore, autophagy inhibition by 3-Methyladenine increased P16 and P21 expression levels, while autophagy activation by rapamycin reduced P16 and P21 expression levels in CSE-treated BEAS-2B cells. The GSE20257 dataset revealed that patients with COPD had lower PRDX6, sirtuin (SIRT) 1 and SIRT6 mRNA levels, and higher P62 and P16 mRNA levels compared with non-smokers. P62 mRNA was significantly correlated with P16, P21 and SIRT1, which indicated that insufficient autophagic clearance of damaged proteins could be involved in accelerated cell senescence in COPD. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated a novel protective role for PRDX6 in COPD. Furthermore, a reduction in PRDX6 could accelerate senescence by inducing autophagy impairment in CSE-treated BEAS-2B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Luo
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaocen Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Wei
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ke Lang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chen Bao
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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14
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Jing Y, Yan M, Liu D, Tao C, Hu B, Sun S, Zheng Y, Wu L. Research progress on the structural characterization, biological activity and product application of polysaccharides from Crataegus pinnatifida. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 244:125408. [PMID: 37343606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Crataegus pinnatifida is a plant of the Crataegus genus in the Rosaceae family and is commonly used as a food and medicinal resource. Crataegus pinnatifida polysaccharide, as one of the main active ingredients of Crataegus pinnatifida, has a variety of beneficial biological activities, such as antioxidant, hypoglycemic activity, lipid-lowering, intestinal flora regulation, promotion immune regulation, and antitumor activities. However, the extraction methods of Crataegus pinnatifida polysaccharides lack innovation, the primary structure is relatively limited, and the biological activity mechanism needs to be further explored. Therefore, this review summarizes the research status of the extraction, purification, structural characterization, biological activity, and product application of Crataegus pinnatifida polysaccharides. The purpose of this study is to generate support for further development and application of polysaccharides from Crataegus pinnatifida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuai Jing
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Meng Yan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Dongbo Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Cheng Tao
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Beibei Hu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Shiguo Sun
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Lanfang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China.
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15
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Keshavarz M, Xie K, Bano D, Ehninger D. Aging - what it is and how to measure it. Mech Ageing Dev 2023:111837. [PMID: 37302556 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current understanding of the biology of aging is largely based on research aimed at identifying factors that influence lifespan. However, lifespan as a sole proxy measure of aging has limitations because it can be influenced by specific pathologies (not generalized physiological deterioration in old age). Hence, there is a great need to discuss and design experimental approaches that are well-suited for studies targeting the biology of aging, rather than the biology of specific pathologies that restrict the lifespan of a given species. For this purpose, we here review various perspectives on aging, discuss agreement and disagreement among researchers on the definition of aging, and show that while slightly different aspects are emphasized, a widely accepted feature, shared across many definitions, is that aging is accompanied by phenotypic changes that occur in a population over the course of an average lifespan. We then discuss experimental approaches that are in line with these considerations, including multidimensional analytical frameworks as well as designs that facilitate the proper assessment of intervention effects on aging rate. The proposed framework can guide discovery approaches to aging mechanisms in all key model organisms (e.g., mouse, fish models, D. melanogaster, C. elegans) as well as in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Keshavarz
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kan Xie
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniele Bano
- Aging and Neurodegeneration Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- Translational Biogerontology Lab, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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16
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Li J, Wang L, Yang K, Zhang G, Li S, Gong H, Liu M, Dai X. Structure characteristics of low molecular weight pectic polysaccharide and its anti-aging capability by modulating the intestinal homeostasis. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120467. [PMID: 36657846 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pectic polysaccharide has attracted increasing attention for their potential biological properties and applications in health industries. In this study, a low-molecular-weight pectic polysaccharide, POS4, was obtained from citrus peel. The structure of POS4 was preliminarily analyzed by gel-permeation chromatography, monosaccharide analysis, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Results showed that the molecular weight of POS4 was 4.76 kDa and it was a galacturonic acid enriched pectic polysaccharide. The anti-aging activity in vivo showed that POS4 could notably prolong the average lifespan of fruit flies by suppressing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further studies demonstrated that POS4 could enhance intestinal homeostasis by modulating gut microbiota in a positive way and regulating autophagy associated genes. Taken together, we proposed that galacturonic acid enriched low molecular weight pectic polysaccharide have great potential in the development of healthy foods such as anti-aging health care products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Li
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; Shandong (Linyi) Institute of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Linyi, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Kun Yang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Guocai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Shan Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongjian Gong
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430016, China
| | - Mingqi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Xianjun Dai
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As life expectancy increases, the ageing population accrues an increasing burden of chronic conditions and functional compromise. Some conditions that lead to compromise are deemed part of 'natural ageing,' whereas others are considered to represent disease processes. Ageing ('a natural process') and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ('a disease') share many common features, both pulmonary and systemic. At times, the pathways of injury are the same, and at times they are concurrent. In some cases, age and disease are separated not by the presence but by the severity of a finding or condition. This brief review aims to compare some of the similarities between ageing and COPD and to compare/contrast mechanisms for each. RECENT FINDINGS At the cellular level, the natural process of ageing includes multiple systemic and molecular mechanisms. COPD, though defined by progressive pulmonary compromise, can also be a systemic disease/process. It has become evident that specific senescence pathways like p-16 and the sirtuin family of proteins are implicated both in ageing and in COPD. Also common to both ageing and COPD are increased inflammatory markers, leucocyte response abnormalities, and DNA-level abnormalities. SUMMARY The prevalence of COPD increases with increasing age. COPD contributes to the accrued burden of chronic disease and is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality in this population. This review attempts to summarize some of similarities between ageing and COPD and their underlying mechanisms.
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18
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Lingwan M, Shagun S, Pahwa F, Kumar A, Verma DK, Pant Y, Kamatam LVK, Kumari B, Nanda RK, Sunil S, Masakapalli SK. Phytochemical rich Himalayan Rhododendron arboreum petals inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:1403-1413. [PMID: 34961411 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2021287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals with potential to competitively bind to the host receptors or inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication, may prove to be useful as adjunct therapeutics for COVID-19. We profiled and investigated the phytochemicals of Rhododendron arboreum petals sourced from Himalayan flora, undertook in vitro studies and found it as a promising candidate against SARS-CoV-2. The phytochemicals were reported in various scientific investigations to act against a range of virus in vitro and in vivo, which prompted us to test against SARS-CoV-2. In vitro assays of R. arboreum petals hot aqueous extract confirmed dose dependent reduction in SARS-CoV-2 viral load in infected Vero E6 cells (80% inhibition at 1 mg/ml; IC50 = 173 µg/ml) and phytochemicals profiled were subjected to molecular docking studies against SARS CoV-2 target proteins. The molecules 5-O-Feruloyl-quinic acid, 3-Caffeoyl-quinic acid, 5-O-Coumaroyl-D-quinic acid, Epicatechin and Catechin showed promising binding affinity with SARS-CoV-2 Main protease (MPro; PDB ID: 6LU7; responsible for viral replication) and Human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2; PDB ID: 1R4L; mediate viral entry in the host). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of 5-O-Feruloyl-quinic acid, an abundant molecule in the extract complexed with the target proteins showed stable interactions. Taken together, the phytochemical profiling, in silico analysis and in vitro anti-viral assay revealed that the petals extract act upon MPro and may be inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication. This is the first report highlighting R. arboreum petals as a reservoir of antiviral phytochemicals with potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity using an in vitro system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesh Lingwan
- BioX Centre, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Shagun Shagun
- BioX Centre, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Falak Pahwa
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Vector Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Dileep Kumar Verma
- Vector Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Yogesh Pant
- BioX Centre, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Lingarao V K Kamatam
- BioX Centre, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Bandna Kumari
- BioX Centre, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjan Kumar Nanda
- Translational Health Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Shyam Kumar Masakapalli
- BioX Centre, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Kamand, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Elderly, the Birjand Longitudinal Aging Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:4683542. [PMID: 36865485 PMCID: PMC9974246 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4683542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a significant risk factor for chronic and atherosclerotic vascular disease that causes preventable considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study is aimed at comparing inflammation and the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in elderly subjects. The authors recruited the participants (1281 older adults) from the Birjand Longitudinal of Aging study. They measured oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers serum levels in the 101 cigarettes and 1180 nonsmokers. The mean age of smokers was 69.3 ± 7.95 years, and most were male. The most percentage of male cigarette smokers have lower body mass index (BMI) (≤19 kg/m2). Females have higher BMI categories than males (P ≤ 0.001). The percentage of diseases and defects was different between cigarette and non-cigarette smoker adults (P ≤ 0.01 to P ≤ 0.001). The total white blood cells, neutrophils, and eosinophils were significantly higher in cigarettes compared to non-cigarette smokers (P ≤ 0.001). Besides, cigarette consumers' percentage of hemoglobin and hematocrit compared to other aged people was significantly different (P ≤ 0.001). However, biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant levels were not significant differences between the two senior groups. Cigarette smoking in older adults was associated with increased inflammatory biomarkers and cells, but it did not find a significant difference in oxidative stress markers. Longitudinal prospective studies may help illuminate the mechanisms inducing oxidative stress and inflammation due to cigarette smoking in each gender.
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Research Progress on Extraction and Separation of Active Components from Loquat Leaves. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Loquat is an evergreen tree belonging to the genus Loquat in Rosaceae. It is widely used in the processing of food and medicine. Based on the literature findings, the anti-tumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation activities of the extracted loquat leaves are related to its active components. The extracted loquat leaves, in addition, demonstrated remarkable, and privileged medicinal and commercial values, and recently attracted the interest of researchers. The current review aimed to summarize several important bioactive components in loquat leaves, their extraction and separation techniques, pharmacological activities, and research progress. In addition, the application prospect of bioactive components from loquat leaves was prospected, which provided a theoretical basis for its further development and utilization.
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21
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Niu Y, Zhang G, Sun X, He S, Dou G. Distinct Role of Lycium barbarum L. Polysaccharides in Oxidative Stress-Related Ocular Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:215. [PMID: 37259363 PMCID: PMC9966716 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the increased production of reactive species and reduced antioxidant activity, which can cause a variety of disturbances including ocular diseases. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are complex polysaccharides isolated from the fruit of L. barbarum, showing distinct roles in antioxidants. Moreover, it is relatively safe and non-toxic. In recent years, the antioxidant activities of LBPs have attracted remarkable attention. In order to illustrate its significance and underlying therapeutic value for vision, we comprehensively review the recent progress on the antioxidant mechanisms of LBP and its potential applications in ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, hypertensive neuroretinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury, glaucoma, dry eye syndrome, and diabetic cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Niu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Xi’an 710069, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Guoheng Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xiaojia Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Shikun He
- Department of Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Guorui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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Shen Z, Sun L, Liu Z, Li M, Cao Y, Han L, Wang J, Wu X, Sang S. Rete ridges: Morphogenesis, function, regulation, and reconstruction. Acta Biomater 2023; 155:19-34. [PMID: 36427683 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Rete ridges (RRs) are distinct undulating microstructures at the junction of the dermis and epidermis in the skin of humans and certain animals. This structure is essential for enhancing the mechanical characteristics of skin and preserving homeostasis. With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, artificial skin grafts have made great progress in the field of skin healing. However, the restoration of RRs has been often disregarded or absent in artificial skin grafts, which potentially compromise the efficacy of tissue repair and regeneration. Therefore, this review collates recent research advances in understanding the structural features, function, morphogenesis, influencing factors, and reconstruction strategies pertaining to RRs. In addition, the preparation methods and limitations of tissue-engineered skin with RRs are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The technology for the development of tissue-engineered skin (TES) is widely studied and reported; however, the preparation of TES containing rete ridges (RRs) is often ignored, with no literature reviews on the structural reconstruction of RRs. This review focuses on the progress pertaining to RRs and focuses on the reconstruction methods for RRs. In addition, it discusses the limitations of existing reconstruction methods. Therefore, this review could be a valuable reference for transferring TES with RR structure from the laboratory to clinical applications in skin repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Shen
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Zixian Liu
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Meng Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Yanyan Cao
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Lu Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Shanxi Research Institute of 6D Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Science, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jianming Wang
- General Hospital of TISCO, North Street, Xinghualing District, Taiyuan 030809, China
| | - Xunwei Wu
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China; Engineering Laboratory for Biomaterials and Tissue Regeneration, Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Ningbo, China.
| | - Shengbo Sang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Micro Nano Sensors & Artificial Intelligence Perception, College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of the Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China.
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Kostiuchenko O, Lushnikova I, Kowalczyk M, Skibo G. mTOR/α-ketoglutarate-mediated signaling pathways in the context of brain neurodegeneration and neuroprotection. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100066. [PMID: 37082603 PMCID: PMC10074856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral disorders are largely associated with impaired cellular metabolism, despite the regulatory mechanisms designed to ensure cell viability and adequate brain function. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is one of the most crucial factors in the regulation of energy homeostasis and its imbalance is linked with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advances in the metabolic pathways' modulation indicate the role of α-ketoglutarate (AKG) as a major signaling hub, additionally highlighting its anti-aging and neuroprotective properties, but the mechanisms of its action are not entirely clear. In this review, we analyzed the physiological and pathophysiological aspects of mTOR in the brain. We also discussed AKG's multifunctional properties, as well as mTOR/AKG-mediated functional communications in cellular metabolism. Thus, this article provides a broad overview of the mTOR/AKG-mediated signaling pathways, in the context of neurodegeneration and endogenous neuroprotection, with the aim to find novel therapeutic strategies.
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Salvi P, Varshney V, Majee M. Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs): role in seed vigor and longevity. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20220198. [PMID: 36149314 PMCID: PMC9547172 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed vigor and longevity are important agronomic attributes, as they are essentially associated with crop yield and thus the global economy. Seed longevity is a measure of seed viability and the most essential property in gene bank management since it affects regeneration of seed recycling. Reduced seed life or storability is a serious issue in seed storage since germplasm conservation and agricultural enhancement initiatives rely on it. The irreversible and ongoing process of seed deterioration comprises a complex gene regulatory network and altered metabolism that results in membrane damage, DNA integrity loss, mitochondrial dysregulation, protein damage, and disrupted antioxidative machinery. Carbohydrates and/or sugars, primarily raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs), have emerged as feasible components for boosting or increasing seed vigor and longevity in recent years. RFOs are known to perform diverse functions in plants, including abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, besides being involved in regulating seed germination, desiccation tolerance, vigor, and longevity. We emphasized and analyzed the potential impact of RFOs on seed vigor and longevity in this review. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the molecular mechanisms involved in seed longevity, RFO metabolism, and how RFO content is critical and linked with seed vigor and longevity. Further molecular basis, biotechnological approaches, and CRISPR/Cas applications have been discussed briefly for the improvement of seed attributes and ultimately crop production. Likewise, we suggest advancements, challenges, and future possibilities in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Salvi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Punjab 140308, India
| | - Vishal Varshney
- Govt. Shaheed Gend Singh College, Charama, Chhattisgarh 494337, India
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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25
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Evaluation of The Antioxidant Capacity of Food Products: Methods, Applications and Limitations. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10102031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Assays of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) are popular in the analysis of food products. This review presents the most popular assays of TAC and their limitations, databases of TAC of food products, their application in clinical studies, and the effect of processing on the TAC of food. The importance of sample preparation for TAC assays and striking effects of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract on the TAC of food are discussed. Critical opinions on the validity of food TAC assays are considered. It is concluded that TAC methods can be useful as screening assays for food quality control and as low-cost, high-throughput tools used to discover potential antioxidant sources and follow changes in the content of antioxidants during food processing. However, effects revealed by TAC assays should be followed and explained using more specific methods.
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Chen B, Zhang W, Lin C, Zhang L. A Comprehensive Review on Beneficial Effects of Catechins on Secondary Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911569. [PMID: 36232871 PMCID: PMC9569714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main sites for oxidative phosphorylation and synthesis of adenosine triphosphate in cells, and are known as cellular power factories. The phrase "secondary mitochondrial diseases" essentially refers to any abnormal mitochondrial function other than primary mitochondrial diseases, i.e., the process caused by the genes encoding the electron transport chain (ETC) proteins directly or impacting the production of the machinery needed for ETC. Mitochondrial diseases can cause adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis disorder, an increase in oxygen free radicals, and intracellular redox imbalance. It can also induce apoptosis and, eventually, multi-system damage, which leads to neurodegenerative disease. The catechin compounds rich in tea have attracted much attention due to their effective antioxidant activity. Catechins, especially acetylated catechins such as epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), are able to protect mitochondria from reactive oxygen species. This review focuses on the role of catechins in regulating cell homeostasis, in which catechins act as a free radical scavenger and metal ion chelator, their protective mechanism on mitochondria, and the protective effect of catechins on mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This review highlights catechins and their effects on mitochondrial functional metabolic networks: regulating mitochondrial function and biogenesis, improving insulin resistance, regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis, and regulating epigenetic processes. Finally, the indirect beneficial effects of catechins on mitochondrial diseases are also illustrated by the warburg and the apoptosis effect. Some possible mechanisms are shown graphically. In addition, the bioavailability of catechins and peracetylated-catechins, free radical scavenging activity, mitochondrial activation ability of the high-molecular-weight polyphenol, and the mitochondrial activation factor were also discussed.
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27
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Kokoreva AS, Isakova EP, Tereshina VM, Klein OI, Gessler NN, Deryabina YI. The Effect of Different Substrates on the Morphological Features and Polyols Production of Endomyces magnusii Yeast during Long-Lasting Cultivation. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091709. [PMID: 36144311 PMCID: PMC9506286 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The study on the influence of different glucose concentrations (2%, 0.5%, and 0.2%) and glycerol (1%) on the morphological and physiological features, as well as the composition of soluble carbohydrates, was performed using Endomyces magnusii yeast. Two-factor analysis of variance with repetitions to process the data of the cell size changes showed that the substrate type affected cell size the most. The cells with 2% glucose were 30–35% larger than those growing on glycerol. The decrease in the initial glucose concentration up to 0.5–0.2% slightly changed the cell length. However, even in the logarithmic growth phase pseudo-mycelium of two to four cells appeared in the cultures when using low glucose, unlike those using glycerol. Throughout the whole experiment, more than 90% of the populations remained viable on all of the substrates tested. The ability for colony formation decreased during aging. Nevertheless, at the three-week stage, upon substrate restriction (0.2% glucose), it was twice higher than those under the other conditions. The respiration rate also decreased and exceeded not more than 10% of that in the logarithmic phase. By the end of the experiment, the cyanide-sensitive respiration share decreased up to 40% for all types of substrates. The study of soluble cytosol carbohydrates showed that the cultures using 2% glucose and 1% glycerol contained mainly arabitol and mannitol, while at low glucose concentrations they were substituted for inositol. The formation of inositol is supposed to be related to pseudo-mycelium formation. The role of calorie restriction in the regulation of carbohydrate synthesis and the composition in the yeast and its biotechnological application is under consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S. Kokoreva
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena P. Isakova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(495)-954-4008
| | - Vera M. Tereshina
- Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospekt 60-Letiya Oktyabrya, 7/2, 117312 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga I. Klein
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya N. Gessler
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yulia I. Deryabina
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Ave. 33/2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Skin-Aging Pigmentation: Who Is the Real Enemy? Cells 2022; 11:cells11162541. [PMID: 36010618 PMCID: PMC9406699 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin aging is induced and sustained by chronological aging and photoaging. Aging skin pigmentation such as mottled pigmentation (senile lentigo) and melasma are typical signs of photoaging. The skin, like other human organs, undergoes cellular senescence, and senescent cells in the skin increase with age. The crosstalk between melanocytes as pigmentary cells and other adjacent types of aged skin cells such as senescent fibroblasts play a role in skin-aging pigmentation. In this review, we provide an overview of cellular senescence during the skin-aging process. The discussion also includes cellular senescence related to skin-aging pigmentation and the therapeutic potential of regulating the senescence process.
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Kumar S, Dhamija B, Attrish D, Sawant V, Sengar M, Thorat J, Shet T, Jain H, Purwar R. Genetic alterations and oxidative stress in T cell lymphomas. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108109. [PMID: 35007658 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
T cell lymphomas encompass a diverse group of Non-Hodgkin lymphomas with a wide spectrum of clinical, immunological and pathological manifestations. In the last two decades there has been a progress in our understanding of the cell of origin, genetic abnormalities and their impact on behaviour in T cell lymphomas. Genetic alterations are one of the critical drivers of the pathogenesis of T cell lymphoma. Disease progression has been correlated with multiple genetic abnormalities where malignant clones arise primarily out of the host immune surveillance arsenal. There are many cellular processes involved in disease development, and some of them are T cell signaling, differentiation, epigenetic modifications, and immune regulation. Modulation of these crucial pathways via genetic mutations and chromosomal abnormalities possessing either point or copy number mutations helps tumor cells to develop a niche favourable for their growth via metabolic alterations. Several metabolic pathways especially regulation of redox homeostasis is critical in pathogenesis of lymphoma. Disruption of redox potential and induction of oxidative stress renders malignant cells vulnerable to mitochondrial damage and triggers apoptotic pathways causing cell death. Targeting genetic abnormalities and oxidative stress along with current treatment regime have the potential for improved therapeutics and presents new combination approaches towards selective treatment of T cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Kumar
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Bhavuk Dhamija
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Diksha Attrish
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Vinanti Sawant
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India
| | - Manju Sengar
- Medical Oncology, Tata memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
| | - Jayashree Thorat
- Medical Oncology, Tata memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
| | - Tanuja Shet
- Medical Oncology, Tata memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
| | - Hasmukh Jain
- Medical Oncology, Tata memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400012, India
| | - Rahul Purwar
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400076, India.
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O’Reilly C, Lin L, Wang H, Fluckey J, Sun Y. Ablation of Ghrelin Receptor Mitigates the Metabolic Decline of Aging Skeletal Muscle. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081368. [PMID: 36011279 PMCID: PMC9407208 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The orexigenic hormone ghrelin has multifaceted roles in health and disease. We have reported that ablation of the ghrelin receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R), protects against metabolic dysfunction of adipose tissues in aging. Our further observation interestingly revealed that GHS-R deficiency phenocopies the effects of myokine irisin. In this study, we aim to determine whether GHS-R affects the metabolic functions of aging skeletal muscle and whether GHS-R regulates the muscular functions via irisin. We first studied the expression of metabolic signature genes in gastrocnemius muscle of young, middle-aged and old mice. Then, old GHS-R knockout (Ghsr−/−) mice and their wild type counterparts were used to assess the impact of GHS-R ablation on the metabolic characteristics of gastrocnemius and soleus muscle. There was an increase of GHS-R expression in skeletal muscle during aging, inversely correlated with the decline of metabolic functions. Remarkedly the muscle of old GHS-R knockout (Ghsr−/−) mice exhibited a youthful metabolic profile and better maintenance of oxidative type 2 muscle fibers. Furthermore, old Ghsr−/− mice showed improved treadmill performance, supporting better functionality. Also intriguing to note was the fact that old GHS-R-ablated mice showed increased expression of the irisin precursor FNDC5 in the muscle and elevated plasma irisin levels in circulation, which supports a potential interrelationship between GHS-R and irisin. Overall, our work suggests that GHS-R has deleterious effects on the metabolism of aging muscle, which may be at least partially mediated by myokine irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen O’Reilly
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Ligen Lin
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - James Fluckey
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.F.); (Y.S.)
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31
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Singh P, Barman B, Thakur MK. Oxidative stress-mediated memory impairment during aging and its therapeutic intervention by natural bioactive compounds. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:944697. [PMID: 35959291 PMCID: PMC9357995 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.944697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and associated neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by the decline of several brain functions including cognitive abilities. Progressive deleterious changes at biochemical and physiological levels lead to the generation of oxidative stress, accumulation of protein aggregates, mitochondrial dysfunctions, loss of synaptic connections, and ultimately neurodegeneration and cognitive decline during aging. Oxidative stress that arises due to an imbalance between the rates of production and elimination of free radicles is the key factor for age-associated neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Due to high energy demand, the brain is more susceptible to free radicals-mediated damages as they oxidize lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, thereby causing an imbalance in the homeostasis of the aging brain. Animal, as well as human subject studies, showed that with almost no or few side effects, dietary interventions and plant-derived bioactive compounds could be beneficial to recovering the memory or delaying the onset of memory impairment. As the plant-derived bioactive compounds have antioxidative properties, several of them were used to recover the oxidative stress-mediated changes in the aging brain. In the present article, we review different aspects of oxidative stress-mediated cognitive change during aging and its therapeutic intervention by natural bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmanabh Singh
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Zoology, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, India
| | - Bhabotosh Barman
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Thakur
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- *Correspondence: Mahendra Kumar Thakur,
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Abundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with tumor aggressiveness, immune response, and worse survival in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 194:231-241. [PMID: 35639264 PMCID: PMC9987174 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen-containing molecules that have high reactivity and play roles in protection or harm the cancer cells. We aimed to clarify the clinical relevance of ROS in breast cancer (BC) tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that it is associated with worse BC patient outcomes. METHODS ROS score was generated by Gene Set Variation Analysis of Hallmark ROS pathway gene set and a total of 6245 BC patients were analyzed. RESULTS High ROS BC significantly enriched cell proliferation-related gene sets (MYC targets v1 and v2, G2M checkpoint, E2F targets), pro-cancer-related gene sets (DNA repair, unfolded protein response, MTORC1 signaling, PI3K/AKT/MTOR signaling, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation), immune-related gene sets (inflammatory response, allograft rejection, interferon-α and γ responses, complement, and IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling), and infiltrated immune cells (CD4+ memory and CD8+ T cells, Th1 and Th2, dendritic cells, Tregs, M1 and M2 macrophages) and B cells, as well as elevated cytolytic activity consistently in both METABRIC and GSE96058 cohorts. Cancer cells were the major source of ROS in BC TME of single-cell sequence (GSE75688) cohort. High ROS was associated with intratumor heterogeneity, homologous recombination defects, mutation rates, and neoantigens, and with clinical aggressiveness in AJCC stage, Nottingham grade and Ki67 expression, as well as worse overall survival in both GSE96058 and METABRIC, and with worse disease-specific survival in METABRIC. CONCLUSION Abundant ROS in BC patients is associated with abundant mutations, aggressive cancer biology, immune response, and worse survival.
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Ratanapokasatit Y, Laisuan W, Rattananukrom T, Petchlorlian A, Thaipisuttikul I, Sompornrattanaphan M. How Microbiomes Affect Skin Aging: The Updated Evidence and Current Perspectives. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12070936. [PMID: 35888025 PMCID: PMC9320090 DOI: 10.3390/life12070936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The skin has a multifactorial aging process, caused by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. A major theory of aging involves cellular senescence or apoptosis resulting from oxidative damage as the skin’s antioxidant system tends to weaken with age. The human microbiota is a complex ecosystem that is made up of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses). Both gut and skin microbiota have essential roles in the protection against invading pathogens, mediating inflammatory conditions, and the modulation of the immune system which is involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the human microbiome could be changed during the life stage and affected by various perturbations. An alteration of the intestinal bacteria results in “microbial dysbiosis” which is associated with the influence of various diseases, including aging. The skin interactome is a novel integration of the “genome-microbiome-exposome” that plays a significant role in skin aging and skin health. Mitigating the negative impacts of factors influencing the skin interactome should be the future strategy to protect, prevent, and delay skin aging along with preserving healthy skin conditions. This review summarizes the current evidence on how human microbiomes affect skin aging and demonstrates the possible interventions, relating to human microbiomes, to modulate skin health and aging. Probiotics-based products are currently available mainly for the add-on treatment of many dermatologic conditions. However, at this point, there are limited clinical studies on skin anti-aging purposes and more are required as this evolving concept is on the rise and might provide an insight into future therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanisa Ratanapokasatit
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (Y.R.); (T.R.)
| | - Wannada Laisuan
- Division of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Teerapong Rattananukrom
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (Y.R.); (T.R.)
| | - Aisawan Petchlorlian
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Geriatric Excellence Center, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Iyarit Thaipisuttikul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
| | - Mongkhon Sompornrattanaphan
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Center of Research Excellence in Allergy and Immunology, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Correspondence:
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Healthy Eating Enhances Intrinsic Capacity, Thus Promoting Functional Ability of Retirement Home Residents in Northern Taiwan. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112225. [PMID: 35684024 PMCID: PMC9182502 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is defined as the process of developing and maintaining functional ability in older age with intrinsic capacity, the composite of all the physical and mental capacities of an individual, being the core. This study was conducted to explore the intervention effects of improved dietary quality on intrinsic capacity. A prospective single-group interventional quasi-experimental study with 59 functional independent older adults from retirement homes were recruited. Texture-modified plant-based dietary supplements were provided. In addition, dietary intake, functional ability, and intrinsic capacity in vitality, locomotion, cognition, and psychological capacity were assessed. Vitality was captured by nutritional status, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory endurance. Locomotor capacity was assessed based on the performance of physical fitness in backscratch test, chair-sit-and-reach test, chair-stand test, one-foot-standing test, and gaits peed. Psychomotor capacity and cognition were measured by using 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), respectively. In a 4-month of intervention, after controlling for baseline values and covariates, participants with higher dietary intervention adherence showed a significant improvement over time in vitality captured by cardiorespiratory endurance (Pinteraction = 0.009) and significant improvement in locomotion captured by gait speed (Pclusters = 0.034). A significant decrease in the chair-stand test (Ptime = <0.001) and MMSE (Ptime = 0.022) was observed during the four months of intervention. Enhanced intrinsic capacity further contributed to the improvement of ADL over time (Pinteraction = 0.034). In conclusion, healthy eating enhances intrinsic capacity in vitality and locomotion thus promoting functional ability among older adults.
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Hemagirri M, Sasidharan S. Biology of aging: Oxidative stress and RNA oxidation. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5089-5105. [PMID: 35449319 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07219-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of aged people has increased rapidly in recent years and brings profound demographic changes worldwide. The multi-level progression of aging occurs at diverse stages of complexity, from cell to organ systems and eventually to the human as a whole. The cellular and molecular damages are usually regulated by the cells; repair or degrade mechanisms. However, these mechanisms are not entirely functional; their effectiveness decreases with age due to influence from endogenous sources like oxidative stress, which all contribute to the aging process. The hunt for novel strategies to increase the man's longevity since ancient times needs better understandings of the biology of aging, oxidative stress, and their roles in RNA oxidation. The critical goal in developing new strategies to increase the man's longevity is to compile the novel developed knowledge on human aging into a single picture, preferably able to understand the biology of aging and the contributing factors. This review discusses the biology of aging, oxidative stress, and their roles in RNA oxidation, leading to aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisekaran Hemagirri
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sreenivasan Sasidharan
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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Iron Metabolism in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073612. [PMID: 35408967 PMCID: PMC8998315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is a trace metal element necessary to maintain life and is also involved in a variety of biological processes. Aging refers to the natural life process in which the physiological functions of the various systems, organs, and tissues decline, affected by genetic and environmental factors. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate the relationship between iron metabolism and aging-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases. During aging, the accumulation of nonheme iron destroys the stability of the intracellular environment. The destruction of iron homeostasis can induce cell damage by producing hydroxyl free radicals, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, brain aging, and even organismal aging. In this review, we have briefly summarized the role of the metabolic process of iron in the body, then discussed recent developments of iron metabolism in aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases, and finally, explored some iron chelators as treatment strategies for those disorders. Understanding the roles of iron metabolism in aging and neurodegenerative diseases will fill the knowledge gap in the field. This review could provide new insights into the research on iron metabolism and age-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Domaszewska K, Boraczyński M, Tang YY, Gronek J, Wochna K, Boraczyński T, Wieliński D, Gronek P. Protective Effects of Exercise Become Especially Important for the Aging Immune System in The Covid-19 Era. Aging Dis 2022; 13:129-143. [PMID: 35111366 PMCID: PMC8782560 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a complex, multietiological process and a major risk factor for most non-genetic, chronic diseases including geriatric syndromes that negatively affect healthspan and longevity. In the scenario of "healthy or good aging", especially during the COVID-19 era, the proper implementation of exercise as "adjuvant" or "polypill" to improve disease-related symptoms and comorbidities in the general population is a top priority. However, there is still a gap concerning studies analyzing influence of exercise training to immune system in older people. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a brief summary of well-established findings in exercise immunology and immunogerontology, but with a focus on the main exercise-induced mechanisms associated with aging of the immune system (immunosenescence). The scientific data strongly supports the notion that regular exercise as a low-cost and non-pharmacological treatment approach, when adjusted on an individual basis in elderly, induce multiple rejuvenating mechanisms: (1) affects the telomere-length dynamics (a "telo-protective" effect), (2) promote short- and long-term anti-inflammatory effects (via e.g., triggering the anti-inflammatory phenotype), 3) stimulates the adaptive immune system (e.g., helps to offset diminished adaptive responses) and in parallel inhibits the accelerated immunosenescence process, (4) increases post-vaccination immune responses, and (5) possibly extends both healthspan and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Domaszewska
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland.
| | - Michał Boraczyński
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Yi-Yuan Tang
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, USA.
| | - Joanna Gronek
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Dance and Gymnastics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland.
| | - Krystian Wochna
- Laboratory of Swimming and Water Lifesaving, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland.
| | | | - Dariusz Wieliński
- Department of Anthropology and Biometry, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland.
| | - Piotr Gronek
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Dance and Gymnastics, Poznan University of Physical Education, Poland.
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Singh S, Garg G, Singh AK, Tripathi SS, Rizvi SI. Fisetin, a potential caloric restriction mimetic, modulates ionic homeostasis in senescence induced and naturally aged rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:51-58. [PMID: 31496286 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1662452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fisetin as a caloric restriction mimetic (CRM) exerts numerous beneficial effects on different aging model systems. The effect of fisetin on erythrocyte membrane functions against induced aging is not very clear. OBJECTIVES The potential role of fisetin in the modulation of erythrocytes membrane-bound transporters during natural and induced aging in rats was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were used for natural and D-galactose (D-gal) induced aging model. After supplementation with fisetin, the activities of different membrane transporters and biomarkers of oxidative stress were evaluated. RESULTS Fisetin modulated membrane transporters such as calcium-ATPase, sodium potassium-ATPase and sodium hydrogen exchanger during senescence-induced as well as in natural aging. Fisetin also protected oxidative modifications in rat aging. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Fisetin supplementation improves the ionic homeostasis, a factor that is involved in the aetiology of several age-associated diseases, in naturally old as well as D-gal induced aged rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Geetika Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
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Kondoh H, Teruya T, Kameda M, Yanagida M. Decline of ergothioneine in frailty and cognition impairment. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1270-1278. [PMID: 35090053 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ergothioneine is a well-known anti-oxidant that is abundant in both human red blood cells and in fission yeast responding to nutritional stress. In frail elderly people, whose aging organs undergo functional decline, there is a correlation between ergothioneine levels and cognitive, but not skeletal muscle decline. In patients suffering from dementia, including Alzheimer's disease with hippocampal atrophy, deteriorating cognitive ability is correlated with declining ergothioneine levels. S-methyl-ergothioneine, trimethyl-histidine, and three other trimethyl-ammonium compounds also decrease sharply in dementia, whereas compounds such as indoxyl-sulfate and quinolinic acid increase, possibly exacerbating the disease. Using these opposing dementia markers, not only diagnosis, but also therapeutic interventions to mitigate cognitive decline may now become possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kondoh
- Geriatric unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Teruya
- G0 Cell Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kameda
- Geriatric unit, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yanagida
- G0 Cell Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan
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Moghadam ARE, Moghadam MT, Hemadi M, Saki G. Oocyte quality and aging. JBRA Assist Reprod 2022; 26:105-122. [PMID: 34338482 PMCID: PMC8769179 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20210026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that female reproduction ability decreases during the forth decade of life due to age-related changes in oocyte quality and quantity; although the number of women trying to conceive has today increased remarkably between the ages of 36 to 44. The causes of reproductive aging and physiological aspects of this phenomenon are still elusive. With increase in the women's age, during Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) we have perceived a significant decline in the number and quality of retrieved oocytes, as well as in ovarian follicle reserves. This is because of increased aneuploidy due to factors such as spindle apparatus disruption; oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. The aim of this review paper is to study data on the potential role of the aging process impacting oocyte quality and female reproductive ability. We present the current evidence that show the decreased oocyte quality with age, related to reductions in female reproductive outcome. The aging process is complicated and it is caused by many factors that control cellular and organism life span. Although the factors responsible for reduced oocyte quality remain unknown, the present review focuses on the potential role of ovarian follicle environment, oocyte structure and its organelles. To find a way to optimize oocyte quality and ameliorate clinical outcomes for women with aging-related causes of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Eftekhari Moghadam
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Taheri Moghadam
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masoud Hemadi
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ghasem Saki
- Department of Anatomical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Yusef YN, Erichev VP, Budzinskaya MV, Khalatyan AS, Ausheva AK. [Gerontological aspects of eye diseases]. Vestn Oftalmol 2022; 138:227-233. [PMID: 36287160 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma2022138052227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The global rate of aging is rapidly rising due to the increase in life expectancy, and the number of age-related diseases - including eye diseases - is increasing. The most common eye conditions affecting people over 50 years old are age-related macular degeneration, cataract, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. Timely and effective treatment of age-related eye diseases requires a deeper understanding of the cellular mechanisms of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu N Yusef
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - V P Erichev
- Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - A Kh Ausheva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Rahman MM, Rahaman MS, Islam MR, Rahman F, Mithi FM, Alqahtani T, Almikhlafi MA, Alghamdi SQ, Alruwaili AS, Hossain MS, Ahmed M, Das R, Emran TB, Uddin MS. Role of Phenolic Compounds in Human Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Prospects. Molecules 2021; 27:233. [PMID: 35011465 PMCID: PMC8746501 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural protective mechanism that occurs when the body's tissue homeostatic mechanisms are disrupted by biotic, physical, or chemical agents. The immune response generates pro-inflammatory mediators, but excessive output, such as chronic inflammation, contributes to many persistent diseases. Some phenolic compounds work in tandem with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators' activity or gene expression, including cyclooxygenase (COX). Various phenolic compounds can also act on transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) or nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), to up-or downregulate elements within the antioxidant response pathways. Phenolic compounds can inhibit enzymes associated with the development of human diseases and have been used to treat various common human ailments, including hypertension, metabolic problems, incendiary infections, and neurodegenerative diseases. The inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by phenolic compounds has been used to treat hypertension. The inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme represents a type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy, and cholinesterase inhibition has been applied to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Phenolic compounds have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties to treat skin diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Plant extracts and phenolic compounds exert protective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation caused by airborne particulate matter, in addition to a range of anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-aging, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Dietary polyphenols have been used to prevent and treat allergy-related diseases. The chemical and biological contributions of phenolic compounds to cardiovascular disease have also been described. This review summarizes the recent progress delineating the multifunctional roles of phenolic compounds, including their anti-inflammatory properties and the molecular pathways through which they exert anti-inflammatory effects on metabolic disorders. This study also discusses current issues and potential prospects for the therapeutic application of phenolic compounds to various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.S.R.); (M.R.I.); (F.R.); (F.M.M.); (M.S.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Md. Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.S.R.); (M.R.I.); (F.R.); (F.M.M.); (M.S.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.S.R.); (M.R.I.); (F.R.); (F.M.M.); (M.S.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Firoza Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.S.R.); (M.R.I.); (F.R.); (F.M.M.); (M.S.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Faria Mannan Mithi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.S.R.); (M.R.I.); (F.R.); (F.M.M.); (M.S.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohannad A. Almikhlafi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samia Qasem Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Albaha 65527, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah S Alruwaili
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Science, Northern Border University, P.O. Box 1321, Arar 9280, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md. Sohel Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.S.R.); (M.R.I.); (F.R.); (F.M.M.); (M.S.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.S.R.); (M.R.I.); (F.R.); (F.M.M.); (M.S.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh;
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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Liu J, Li Y, Pu Q, Qiu H, Di D, Cao Y. A polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L.: Structure and protective effects against oxidative stress and high-glucose-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 201:111-120. [PMID: 34968548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are beneficial for vision; however, relevant research has mainly focused on entire crude polysaccharides, with the basis and exact structure of the polysaccharide rarely explored. In this study, LICP009-3F-2a, a novel polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum L., was separated and then purified using anion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatography. Structural characteristics were investigated using chemical and spectroscopic methods, which revealed that LICP009-3F-2a has an Mw of 13720 Da and is an acidic heteropolysaccharide composed of rhamnose (39.1%), arabinose (7.4%), galactose (22.5%), glucose (8.3%), galacturonic acid (13.7%), and glucuronic acid (4.0%). Linkage and NMR data revealed that LICP009-3F-2a has the following backbone: →2)-α-L-Rha-(1→2,4)-α-L-Rha- (1→4)-α-D-GalAp-(1→3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, with three main branches, including: α-L-Araf-(1→5)-α-L-Araf-(1→6)-β-D-Glcp-(1→2,4)-α-L-Rha-(1→, β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→3,6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, and β-D-Galp-(1→3)-β-D-Galp-(1→3,6) -β-D-Galp-(1→. Differential scanning colorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis showed that LICP009-3F-2a is thermally stable, while X-ray diffractometry showed that LICP009-3F-2a has a semi-crystalline structure. In addition, LICP009-3F-2a protects ARPE-19 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative damage by regulating the expression of antioxidant SOD1 and CAT enzymes and down-regulating MMP2 expression. Moreover, LICP009-3F-2a promotes the proliferation of ARPE-19 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and protects ARPE-19 cells from hyperglycemia by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunchun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metals Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongdeng Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Duolong Di
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Youlong Cao
- National Wolfberry Engineering Research Center, Yinchuan 750002, Ningxia, China.
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Zheng SN, Pan L, Liao AM, Hou YC, Yu GH, Li XX, Yuan YJ, Dong YQ, Zhang ZS, Tian CZ, Liu ZL, Lin WJ, Hui M, Cao J, Huang JH. Wheat embryo globulin nutrients ameliorate d-galactose and aluminum chloride-induced cognitive impairment in rats. Brain Res 2021; 1773:147672. [PMID: 34606748 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wheat embryo globulin nutrient (WEGN), with wheat embryo globulin (WEG) as the main functional component, is a nutritional combination that specifically targets memory impairment. In this study, we explored the protective role of WEGN on Alzheimer's disease (AD)-triggered cognitive impairment, neuronal injury, oxidative stress, and acetylcholine system disorder. Specifically, we established an AD model via administration of d-galactose (d-gal) and Aluminum chloride (AlCl3) for 70 days, then on the 36th day, administered animals in the donepezil and WEGN (300, 600, and 900 mg/kg) groups with drugs by gavage for 35 days. Learning and memory ability of the treated rats was tested using the Morris water maze (MWM) and novel object recognition (NOR) test, while pathological changes and neuronal death in their hippocampus CA1 were detected via HE staining and Nissl staining. Moreover, we determined antioxidant enzymes by measuring levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in serum, cortex, and hippocampus, whereas changes in the acetylcholine system were determined by evaluating choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, as well as choline acetylcholine (Ach) content. Results revealed that rats in the WEGN group exhibited significantly lower escape latency, as well as a significantly higher number of targeted crossings and longer residence times in the target quadrant, relative to those in the model group. Notably, rats in the WEGN group spent more time exploring new objects and exhibited lower damage to their hippocampus neuron, had improved learning and memory activity, as well as reversed histological alterations, relative to those in the model group. Meanwhile, biochemical examinations revealed that rats in the WEGN group had significantly lower MDA levels and AChE activities, but significantly higher GSH, SOD, and ChAT activities, as well as Ach content, relative to those in the model group. Overall, these findings indicate that WEGN exerts protective effects on cognitive impairment, neuronal damage, oxidative stress, and choline function in AD rats treated by d-gal/AlCl3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Nan Zheng
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Long Pan
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China.
| | - Ai-Mei Liao
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yin-Chen Hou
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450044 PR China
| | - Guang-Hai Yu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Workstation of Zhongyuan Scholars of Henan Province, Qixian 456750, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Li
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yong-Jian Yuan
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yu-Qi Dong
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zi-Shan Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Cui-Zhu Tian
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Zeng-Liang Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Wen-Jin Lin
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Ming Hui
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Jian Cao
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Ji-Hong Huang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Processing and Nutritional Function of Wheat, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China; School of Food and Pharmacy, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000 PR China.
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The Role of Big Data in Aging and Older People’s Health Research: A Systematic Review and Ecological Framework. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Big data has been prominent in studying aging and older people’s health. It has promoted modeling and analyses in biological and geriatric research (like cellular senescence), developed health management platforms, and supported decision-making in public healthcare and social security. However, current studies are still limited within a single subject, rather than flourished as interdisciplinary research in the context of big data. The research perspectives have not changed, nor has big data brought itself out of the role as a modeling tool. When embedding big data as a data product, analysis tool, and resolution service into different spatial, temporal, and organizational scales of aging processes, it would present as a connection, integration, and interaction simultaneously in conducting interdisciplinary research. Therefore, this paper attempts to propose an ecological framework for big data based on aging and older people’s health research. Following the scoping process of PRISMA, 35 studies were reviewed to validate our ecological framework. Although restricted by issues like digital divides and privacy security, we encourage researchers to capture various elements and their interactions in the human-environment system from a macro and dynamic perspective rather than simply pursuing accuracy.
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Cellular senescence-an aging hallmark in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease pathogenesis. Respir Investig 2021; 60:33-44. [PMID: 34649812 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),1 a representative aging-related pulmonary disorder, is mainly caused by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. Age is one of the most important risk factors for COPD development, and increased cellular senescence in tissues and organs is a component of aging. CS exposure can induce cellular senescence, as characterized by irreversible growth arrest and aberrant cytokine secretion of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype; thus, accumulation of senescent cells is widely implicated in COPD pathogenesis. CS-induced oxidative modifications to cellular components may be causally linked to accelerated cellular senescence, especially during accumulation of damaged macromolecules. Autophagy is a conserved mechanism whereby cytoplasmic components are sent for lysosomal degradation to maintain proteostasis. Autophagy diminishes with age, and loss of proteostasis is one of the hallmarks of aging. We have reported the involvement of insufficient autophagy in regulating CS-induced cellular senescence with respect to COPD pathogenesis. However, the role of autophagy in COPD pathogenesis can vary based on levels of cell stress and type of selective autophagy because excessive activation of autophagy can be responsible for inducing regulated cell death. Senotherapies targeting cellular senescence may be effective COPD treatments. Autophagy activation could be a promising sonotherapeutic approach, but the optimal modality of autophagy activation should be examined in future studies.
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Parween N, Jabeen A, Prasad B. Eugenol Elicits Prolongevity by Increasing Resistance to Oxidative Stress in C. elegans. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:841-853. [PMID: 34629046 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666211008150347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyze the efficacy of eugenol on longevity by assessing its antioxidant effect using Caenorhabditis elegans as an animal model. BACKGROUND Eugenol is a major polyphenolic component of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) which attributes wide pharmacological activities and can serve as a biomarker. However, the possible effect of eugenol on longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans has not been reported. OBJECTIVE The objective of this investigation was to provide first scientific based results about effect of eugenol on longevity, slowing down of paralysis in Alzheimer's model and mechanism behind it in Caenorhabditis elegans animal model system. METHODS The phenolic components of methanolic extract of Ocimum sanctum was analyzed by RP-HPLC. Worms were exposed to different concentrations of extract and one of its components -eugenol. Lifespan, health span, survival in CL4176 Alzheimer's model and molecular mechanism were analyzed. RESULTS Extract of Ocimum sanctumand eugenol increased lifespan and provided indemnity against pro-oxidants. It also significantly improved healthy ageing and slowed the progression of neurodegeneration in CL4176 Alzheimer's model of worm by increasing survival against prooxidants and slowing down the paralysis. Longevity effect was independent of the DAF-16 as observed by using DAF-16::GFP and daf-16 null mutant strains. These results implicate eugenol as a potent therapeutic compound which may curtail ageing and age related disorders like- Alzheimer's disease. CONCLUSION The present work demonstrated eugenol as a potential anti-ageing compound which may curtail ageing, improve heath span by enhancing resistance to oxidative stress and exerts its effect independent of DAF-16 pathway. So, it can be assumed that eugenol can be beneficial to humans as well, albeit further research is necessary before declaring it for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhat Parween
- Department of Biochemistry, Patna University, Patna-800005. India
| | - Amber Jabeen
- Microbial & Molecular Genetics Lab., Department of Botany, Patna University, Patna-800005. India
| | - Birendra Prasad
- Microbial & Molecular Genetics Lab., Department of Botany, Patna University, Patna-800005. India
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Li H, Zhai B, Sun J, Fan Y, Zou J, Cheng J, Zhang X, Shi Y, Guo D. Antioxidant, Anti-Aging and Organ Protective Effects of Total Saponins from Aralia taibaiensis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:4025-4042. [PMID: 34594101 PMCID: PMC8476322 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s330222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim Aralia taibaiensis is a natural medicinal and food plant that is rich in triterpenoid saponins with hypoglycaemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-gastric ulcer and anti-inflammatory effects. This study has significance in terms of the antioxidant, anti-aging and organ protective effects of Aralia taibaiensis total saponins (TSAT) in D-galactose-induced aging rats. Methods The saponin composition of TSAT was determined and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We consolidated the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of TSAT in vitro and assessed the effects of TSAT on daily mobility, body weight, behaviour, organ indices, oxidation-related indices and pathological changes in aging rats. Results In vitro experiments showed that TSAT had a scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), tyrosinase, hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and superoxide radicals (•O2-) and was closely related to the dose of TSAT. In vivo experiments showed that after 8 weeks of continuous gavage administration, the rats gradually recovered their body weight, daily activity ability, learning and memory ability and organ index and effectively improved D-gal-induced organ injury. Specifically, TSAT significantly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum, brain, heart, lung, spleen and kidney of aging rats compared to the model group. In addition, TSAT significantly inhibited the D-gal-induced upregulation of hepatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. The histopathological results showed that TSAT reversed D-gal-induced damage to the brain, heart, lung, kidney, liver and spleen to varying degrees. Conclusion TSAT is a high-quality natural product with antioxidant and anti-aging properties that can alleviate D-gal-induced aging damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingtao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fan
- College of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangxue Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongyan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China.,The Key Laboratory of Basic and New Drug Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, People's Republic of China
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Satoh T. Bird evolution by insulin resistance. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:803-813. [PMID: 34446347 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Drift of oxygen concentrations in the atmosphere was one of the main drivers of the evolution of vertebrates. The drop in oxygen concentrations at the Permian-Triassic (PT) boundary may have been the biggest challenge to vertebrates. This hypoxic condition forced theropods to lose certain genes to maximize their efficiency of oxygen usage. Recent studies show that omentin and insulin-sensitive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) are missing in the bird genome. Since these gene products play essential roles in maintaining insulin sensitivity, this loss forced theropods to become insulin resistant. Insulin resistance may have been the key to allowing theropods to become hyperathletic under hypoxic conditions and to outcompete mammals during the Triassic period. A second challenge was the gradual increase in oxygen concentrations during the late Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary periods when reactive oxygen species (ROS) leakage from mitochondria became a problem. Since the simplest solution was the expansion of body size, some theropods became bigger to reduce ROS leakage per volume. Another solution was the development of a constitutively active countermeasure against ROS. A recent study shows that Neoaves have constitutively active nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) due to deletion of the C-terminal part of the KEAP1 protein, thus allowing Neoaves to express antioxidant enzymes to overcome ROS leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Satoh
- Department of Anti-Aging Food Research, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, 1404-1 Katakura, Hachioji 192-0982, Japan.
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Wang P, Li R, Yuan Y, Zhu M, Liu Y, Jin Y, Yin Y. PTENα is responsible for protection of brain against oxidative stress during aging. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21943. [PMID: 34582065 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100753r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neural cells are continuously subjected to oxidative stress arising from electrochemical activity, and cellular protection systems can turn on the oxidative stress response to detect and alleviate adverse conditions. However, the function and mechanism of the protective systems are complicated and remain largely elusive. We report that PTENα, an isoform of the PTEN family, mediates defense signaling in response to oxidative stress during brain aging. We show that genetic ablation of Ptenα in mice increases oxidative stress and results in neuronal cell death, culminating in accelerated decline of cognition and motor coordination as age increases. PTENα maintains COX activity and promotes energy metabolism through abrogating NEDD4L-mediated degradation of COX4 in response to oxidative stress. In the presence of Parkinson's disease-associated mutation, PTENα loses the capability to protect COX4 and ameliorate defects caused by Ptenα deletion. Our study reveals an important role of PTENα in response to oxidative stress. We propose that dysregulation of PTENα signaling may accelerate the rate of brain aging and promote the development of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuyao Yuan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Minglu Zhu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Yin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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