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Mashraqi MM, Alzamami A, Alturki NA, Alshamrani S, Alshahrani MM, Almasoudi HH, Basharat Z. Molecular Mimicry Mapping in Streptococcus pneumoniae: Cues for Autoimmune Disorders and Implications for Immune Defense Activation. Pathogens 2023; 12:857. [PMID: 37513704 PMCID: PMC10383125 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae contributes to a range of infections, including meningitis, pneumonia, otitis media, and sepsis. Infections by this bacterium have been associated with the phenomenon of molecular mimicry, which, in turn, may contribute to the induction of autoimmunity. In this study, we utilized a bioinformatics approach to investigate the potential for S. pneumoniae to incite autoimmunity via molecular mimicry. We identified 13 S. pneumoniae proteins that have significant sequence similarity to human proteins, with 11 of them linked to autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and diabetes. Using in silico tools, we predicted the sequence as well as the structural homology among these proteins. Database mining was conducted to establish links between these proteins and autoimmune disorders. The antigenic, non-allergenic, and immunogenic sequence mimics were employed to design and validate an immune response via vaccine construct design. Mimic-based vaccine construct can prove effective for immunization against the S. pneumoniae infections. Immune response simulation and binding affinity was assessed through the docking of construct C8 to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and TLR4 receptor, with promising results. Additionally, these mimics were mapped as conserved regions on their respective proteins, suggesting their functional importance in S. pneumoniae pathogenesis. This study highlights the potential for S. pneumoniae to trigger autoimmunity via molecular mimicry and the possibility of vaccine design using these mimics for triggering defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutaib M Mashraqi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alzamami
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Shaqra University, AlQuwayiyah 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Alturki
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alshamrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa M Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan H Almasoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Lu YP, Zheng PH, Zhang XX, Li JT, Zhang ZL, Xu JR, Meng YQ, Li JJ, Xian JA, Wang AL. New insights into the regulation mechanism of red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) hepatopancreas under air exposure using transcriptome analysis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108505. [PMID: 36581251 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Red claw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) is an important freshwater shrimp species worldwide with enormous economic value. Waterless transportation is an inherent feature of red claw crayfish transportation. However, the high mortality of red claw crayfish is a severe problem in the aquaculture of crayfish after waterless transportation. In this study, we investigated the responses of the hepatopancreas from the red claw crayfish undergoing air exposure stress and normal conditions on transcriptome levels. We used Illumina-based RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) to perform a transcriptome analysis from the hepatopancreas of red claw crayfish challenged by air exposure. An average of 57,148,800 clean reads per library was obtained, and 33,567 unigenes could be predicted and classified according to their homology with matches in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant protein sequences (Nr), Gene Ontology (GO), a manually annotated and reviewed protein sequence database (Swiss-Prot), protein families (Pfam), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) of proteins, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. 690 and 3407 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two stress stages of the red claw crayfish. More DEGs were identified in 12 h, indicating that gene expressions were largely changed at 12 h. Some immune-related pathways and genes were identified according to KEGG and GO enrichment analysis. A total of 12 DEGs involved in immune response and trehalose mechanism were verified by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results indicated that the red claw crayfish might counteract the stress of air exposure at the transcriptomic level by increasing expression levels of antioxidant-, immune-, and trehalose metabolism-related genes. These transcriptome results from the hepatopancreas provide significant insights into the influence mechanism of air exposure to the trehalose mechanism and immune response in the red claw crayfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Peng Lu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China; Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Pei-Hua Zheng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China; Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Xiu-Xia Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China; Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524013, China
| | - Jun-Tao Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China; Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524013, China
| | - Ze-Long Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China; Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524013, China
| | - Jia-Rui Xu
- Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524013, China
| | - Yong-Qi Meng
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jia-Jun Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Jian-An Xian
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Institute of Tropical Biosciences and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences & Key Laboratory for Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Haikou, 571101, China; Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, 524013, China.
| | - An-Li Wang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering (IMASE), Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science in Guangdong Higher Education, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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3
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Krutzke L, Rösler R, Allmendinger E, Engler T, Wiese S, Kochanek S. Process- and product-related impurities in the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine. eLife 2022; 11:78513. [PMID: 35781137 PMCID: PMC9313527 DOI: 10.7554/elife.78513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ChAdOx1 nCov-19 and Ad26.COV2.S are approved vaccines inducing protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans by expressing the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed protein content and protein composition of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 and Ad26.COV2.S by biochemical methods and by mass spectrometry. Four out of four tested lots of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 contained significantly higher than expected levels of host cell proteins (HCPs) and of free viral proteins. The most abundant contaminating HCPs belonged to the heat-shock protein and cytoskeletal protein families. The HCP content exceeded the 400 ng specification limit per vaccine dose, as set by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for this vaccine, by at least 25-fold and the manufacturer’s batch-release data in some of the lots by several hundred-fold. In contrast, three tested lots of the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine contained only very low amounts of HCPs. As shown for Ad26.COV2.S production of clinical grade adenovirus vaccines of high purity is feasible at an industrial scale. Correspondingly, purification procedures of the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccine should be modified to remove protein impurities as good as possible. Our data also indicate that standard quality assays, as they are used in the manufacturing of proteins, have to be adapted for vectored vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Krutzke
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Reinhild Rösler
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Tatjana Engler
- Department of Gene Therapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wiese
- Core Unit Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Giordo R, Paliogiannis P, Mangoni AA, Pintus G. SARS-CoV-2 and endothelial cell interaction in COVID-19: molecular perspectives. VASCULAR BIOLOGY (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2021; 3:R15-R23. [PMID: 33659858 PMCID: PMC7923034 DOI: 10.1530/vb-20-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the agent responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The clinical evolution of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic infection to death. Older people and patients with underlying medical conditions, particularly diabetes, cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases are more susceptible to develop severe forms of COVID-19. Significant endothelial damage has been reported in COVID-19 and growing evidence supports the key pathophysiological role of this alteration in the onset and the progression of the disease. In particular, the impaired vascular homeostasis secondary to the structural and functional damage of the endothelium and its main component, the endothelial cells, contributes to the systemic proinflammatory state and the multiorgan involvement observed in COVID-19 patients. This review summarizes the current evidence supporting the proposition that the endothelium is a key target of SARS-CoV-2, with a focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Giordo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Panagiotis Paliogiannis
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Surgery, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Arduino Aleksander Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro, Sassari, Italy
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5
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Cai T, Huang YH, Zhang F. Ovarian morphological features and proteome reveal fecundity fitness disadvantages in β-cypermethrin-resistant strains of Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattodea: Blattellidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 170:104682. [PMID: 32980072 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate whether the development of β-cypermethrin resistance in Blattella germanica (L.) (Blattaria: Blattellidae) affects the fecundity fitness of this insect and to determine the underlying mechanism, we compared fecundity differences between β-cypermethrin-resistant (R) and sensitive (S) strains of B. germanica, observed the physiological structural changes of ovaries from an visual perspective, and analyzed differences in the ovarian proteome using proteomic methods. The results showed that, compared with the S strain of B. germanica, the R strain of B. germanica had a significantly higher ootheca shedding rate, a significantly lower number of hatched and surviving nymphs, a significantly higher female proportion in the population and defective ovarian development. Ovarian proteomic analysis showed a total of 64 differentially expressed proteins in the R strain, including 18 upregulated proteins and 46 downregulated proteins. Twenty-four significantly differentially expressed proteins were further studied, and 14 were successfully identified, which were mainly classified into the following categories: immunity-related proteins, development-related proteins, structural proteins, energy metabolism-related proteins and proteins with unknown functions. The differential expression of these proteins reflects the overall changes in cell structure and metabolism associated with β-cypermethrin resistance and explains the possible molecular mechanism of fecundity fitness disadvantages. In summary, β-cypermethrin resistance can cause fecundity fitness disadvantages in B. germanica. The metabolic deviations needed to overcome the adverse effects of insecticides may result in an energy exchange that affects energy allocation and, ultimately, the basic needs of the insect. The fitness cost due to insecticide resistance is critical to the delay of the evolution of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Huang
- Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), 41 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China..
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6
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Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in Schistosoma mansoni and its role in decreased adult worm sensitivity to praziquantel. Parasitology 2020; 147:634-642. [PMID: 32127065 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schistosoma mansoni is the most common species causing schistosomiasis. It has a complex life cycle involving a vertebrate definitive host and a snail intermediate host of the genus Biomphalaria. Each stage encounters a plethora of environmental stresses specially heat stress. Another sort of stress arises from repeated exposure of the parasite to praziquantel (PZQ), the only drug used for treatment, which leads to the development of resistance in the fields and the labs. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is found in different developmental stages of S. mansoni. It is immunogenic and regulate cercarial invasion besides its chaperone function. In the Biomphalaria/S. mansoni interaction, epigenetic modulations of the Hsp70 gene underscore the susceptibility phenotype of the snail. Hsp70 is up-regulated in adult S. mansoni with decreased sensitivity to PZQ. This could be due to the induction of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, induction of apoptosis, exposure to the stressful drug pressure and increase influx of calcium ions. Up-regulation of Hsp70 might help the worm to survive the schistosomicidal effect of the drug mainly by dealing with misfolded proteins, inhibition of apoptosis, induction of autophagy, up-regulation of the P-glycoprotein transporter and attenuation of the signalling from G protein coupled receptors.
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7
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Busch M, Wefelmeyer KL, Walscheid K, Rothaus K, Bauer D, Deeg CA, Degroote RL, Ackermann D, König S, Thanos S, Kasper M, Heiligenhaus A. Identification of Ocular Autoantigens Associated With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1793. [PMID: 31447836 PMCID: PMC6691058 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to analyze the binding patterns of serum autoantibodies from juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and JIA-associated uveitis (JIAU) patients to proteomes from different ocular tissues and to identify potential ocular autoantigens in JIAU. Proteomes from porcine iris, ciliary body, or retina tissue were isolated, separated using 2D-gel electrophoresis, and transferred to a blotting membrane. The binding pattern of serum antibodies from JIA or JIAU patients or healthy controls to ocular proteins was visualized by using anti-human IgG secondary antibodies and chemiluminescence reaction. Selected protein spots were excised from silver-stained 2D gels and subjected to mass spectrometry. Serum antibodies binding to ocular proteins were detected in all patient groups and healthy controls. Irrespective of the patient groups, serum antibodies bound to 49 different protein spots of the retina proteome, to 53 of the ciliary body proteome, and to 44 of the iris proteome. The relative binding frequency of sera to these iris protein spots was significantly higher in JIAU than in JIA patients or healthy controls. Particularly in JIAU patients, cluster analyses indicated a broad range of serum antibodies directed against ocular antigens, mostly in the iris proteome. Iris proteins frequently bound by serum antibodies in all groups were identified as tubulin beta chain, vimentin, ATP synthase subunit beta, actin, and L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain. Iris proteins exclusively bound by JIAU serum antibodies were heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein and keratin. Although serum autoantibody binding to ocular antigens was not disease-specific, a significant diversity of autoantibodies against a broad range of antigens, particularly from the iris tissue, was detected in JIAU patients. As the iris is a major site of inflammation in JIAU, the present data give further evidence that autoantibodies may be involved in JIAU immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Busch
- Ophtha-Lab, Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Kira Leona Wefelmeyer
- Ophtha-Lab, Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Karoline Walscheid
- Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Kai Rothaus
- Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Bauer
- Ophtha-Lab, Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelia A Deeg
- Chair of Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roxane L Degroote
- Chair of Animal Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doreen Ackermann
- IZKF Core Unit Proteomics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Simone König
- IZKF Core Unit Proteomics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Solon Thanos
- Institute of Experimental Ophthalmology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Maren Kasper
- Ophtha-Lab, Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Arnd Heiligenhaus
- Ophtha-Lab, Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus Hospital, Münster, Germany.,University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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8
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Willis WL, Wang L, Wada TT, Gardner M, Abdouni O, Hampton J, Valiente G, Young N, Ardoin S, Agarwal S, Freitas MA, Wu LC, Jarjour WN. The proinflammatory protein HMGB1 is a substrate of transglutaminase-2 and forms high-molecular weight complexes with autoantigens. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8394-8409. [PMID: 29618516 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a chromatin-associated protein that, in response to stress or injury, translocates from the nucleus to the extracellular milieu, where it functions as an alarmin. HMGB1's function is in part determined by the complexes (HMGB1c) it forms with other molecules. However, structural modifications in the HMGB1 polypeptide that may regulate HMGB1c formation have not been previously described. In this report, we observed high-molecular weight, denaturing-resistant HMGB1c in the plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and, to a much lesser extent, in healthy subjects. Differential HMGB1c levels were also detected in mouse tissues and cultured cells, in which these complexes were induced by endotoxin or the immunological adjuvant alum. Of note, we found that HMGB1c formation is catalyzed by the protein-cross-linking enzyme transglutaminase-2 (TG2). Cross-link site mapping and MS analysis revealed that HMGB1 can be cross-linked to TG2 as well as a number of additional proteins, including human autoantigens. These findings have significant functional implications for studies of cellular stress responses and innate immunity in SLE and other autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Willis
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine, .,The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Linan Wang
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210.,Cancer Biology and Genetics, and
| | - Takuma Tsuzuki Wada
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine.,The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Mark Gardner
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine.,The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Omar Abdouni
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine.,The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Jeffrey Hampton
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine.,The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Giancarlo Valiente
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine.,The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Nicholas Young
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine.,The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Stacy Ardoin
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine.,The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Sudha Agarwal
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio 43210.,the Department of Orthopedics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and
| | - Michael A Freitas
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210.,Cancer Biology and Genetics, and
| | - Lai-Chu Wu
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine.,Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology and
| | - Wael N Jarjour
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine, .,The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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9
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Junprung W, Supungul P, Tassanakajon A. HSP70 and HSP90 are involved in shrimp Penaeus vannamei tolerance to AHPND-causing strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus after non-lethal heat shock. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 60:237-246. [PMID: 27888131 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus carrying toxin-producing plasmid, has led to severe mortalities in farmed penaeid shrimp throughout Asia. Previous studies reported that a non-lethal heat shock (NLHS) could enhance disease tolerance in aquatic animals. Here, we investigate whether the NLHS could enhance the survival of shrimp Penaeusvannamei upon challenge with an AHPND-causing strain of V. Parahaemolyticus (VPAHPND). Two NLHS conditions, acute and chronic NLHSs, were used. The former abruptly exposed the juveniles shrimp from 28 °C to 38 °C for 30 min only once whereas the latter exposed the shrimp to 38 °C for 5 min every day for 7 days. The treated shrimp were, then, challenged with VPAHPND at day 3, day 7, and day 30 during the recovery time after the treatment. The results showed that the shrimp exposed to either acute or chronic NLHS had higher survival rate (>50%) than that of the non-heated shrimp control (20%) when they were challenged with VPAHPND at day 3 recovery time. However, only those exposed to chronic NLHS showed the VPAHPND protection at day 7 and day 30 recovery times. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of heat shock proteins, LvHSP70, LvHSP90 as well as other immune-related genes, LvproPO and LvCrustin, were induced upon exposure of shrimp to chronic NLHS. Interestingly, gene silencing of LvHSP70 and LvHSP90 eliminated the VPAHPND tolerance in the chronic NLHS shrimp and had decreasing PO activity suggesting that these LvHSPs played crucial roles in bacterial defense in shrimp. All together, we show for the first time that the NLHS enhance the shrimp tolerance to VPAHPND infection and this is likely mediated by the induction of LvHSP70, LvHSP90 and subsequent activation of the proPO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisarut Junprung
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Premruethai Supungul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Tassanakajon
- Center of Excellence for Molecular Biology and Genomics of Shrimp, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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10
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Pituitary Microsomal Autoantibodies in Patients with Childhood-Onset Combined Pituitary Hormone Deficiency: an Antigen Identification Attempt. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:485-495. [PMID: 26970862 PMCID: PMC5085985 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The role of autoimmunization in the pathogenesis of pituitary disorders is poorly understood. The presence of pituitary autoantibodies (APA) has been detected in various pituitary disorders. Their role, however, remains elusive. Childhood-onset combined pituitary hormone deficiency (CPHD) may be caused by environmental or genetic factors. In some of patients, causes of the disease remain unclear and contributions of autoimmune processes have been postulated. The aim of this study was to identify the microsomes-derived pituitary antigens (MPA) as potential immunogenic autoantigens in patients with hypopituitarism, therefore 62 CPHD patients, 100 healthy controls and five autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type II (APS II) patients were included in the study. The clinical evaluation included hormonal tests and magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary. The sources of MPA were pituitary glands taken from autopsies. Isolated MPA were then separated on SDS-PAGE gel and incubated with sera obtained from patients and controls. Microsomal APA were detected using Western blot and radioimmunological method. In all CPHD and APS II patients and in 9 % individuals from control group marked immunoreactivity was detected against MPA. Antibodies showed high affinity to 67, 60, 50 and 36 kDa MPAs. Since the identified autoantigens were of unknown nature, an in silico exploration of UniProt database was applied and indicated their possible relationship with chaperones, golgins and already known autoantigens like GAD67. Reactivity against MPA indicates that these proteins certainly play a role in the processes undergoing within pituitary of CPHD patients. The identification and further detailed studies on their role in the pathogenesis of CPHD should be continued.
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Marchenko NY, Sikorskaya E, Marchenkov V, Kashparov I, Semisotnov G. Affinity chromatography of chaperones based on denatured proteins: Analysis of cell lysates of different origin. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 119:117-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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He W, Zhuang Y, Wang L, Qi L, Chen B, Wang M, Shao D, Chen J. Geranylgeranylacetone attenuates hepatic fibrosis by increasing the expression of heat shock protein 70. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4895-900. [PMID: 26165998 PMCID: PMC4581808 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene may be closely associated with tissue fibrosis; however, the association between HSP70 and liver fibrosis remains to be fully elucidated. The present study hypothesized that geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) exerts beneficial effects on liver fibrosis though upregulation of the expression of HSP70. Liver fibrosis was induced in rats using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The rats were subsequently divided into three groups: Control group, CCl4 model group and CCl4 model + GGA group. Liver fibrosis in the rats was evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining and Sirius red staining. The levels of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin were determined using an automated biochemistry analyzer. The levels of total hepatic hydroxyproline were also determined. The expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were determined using immunofluorescence staining and western blotting, and the protein expression levels of HSP70 were determined using western blotting. The CCl4-induced rats exhibited liver fibrosis, increased hydroxyproline content, impaired liver function, upregulated expression levels of the α-SMA and TGF-β1 pro-fibrogenic proteins, and increased expression of HSP70, compared with the control group. These changes were attenuated by treatment with GGA. These results demonstrated that GGA exerted beneficial effects in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis via upregulating the expression of HSP70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Liangzhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Binfang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Dong Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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Juste C, Kreil DP, Beauvallet C, Guillot A, Vaca S, Carapito C, Mondot S, Sykacek P, Sokol H, Blon F, Lepercq P, Levenez F, Valot B, Carré W, Loux V, Pons N, David O, Schaeffer B, Lepage P, Martin P, Monnet V, Seksik P, Beaugerie L, Ehrlich SD, Gibrat JF, Van Dorsselaer A, Doré J. Bacterial protein signals are associated with Crohn's disease. Gut 2014; 63:1566-77. [PMID: 24436141 PMCID: PMC4173658 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE No Crohn's disease (CD) molecular maker has advanced to clinical use, and independent lines of evidence support a central role of the gut microbial community in CD. Here we explore the feasibility of extracting bacterial protein signals relevant to CD, by interrogating myriads of intestinal bacterial proteomes from a small number of patients and healthy controls. DESIGN We first developed and validated a workflow-including extraction of microbial communities, two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), and LC-MS/MS-to discover protein signals from CD-associated gut microbial communities. Then we used selected reaction monitoring (SRM) to confirm a set of candidates. In parallel, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing for an integrated analysis of gut ecosystem structure and functions. RESULTS Our 2D-DIGE-based discovery approach revealed an imbalance of intestinal bacterial functions in CD. Many proteins, largely derived from Bacteroides species, were over-represented, while under-represented proteins were mostly from Firmicutes and some Prevotella members. Most overabundant proteins could be confirmed using SRM. They correspond to functions allowing opportunistic pathogens to colonise the mucus layers, breach the host barriers and invade the mucosae, which could still be aggravated by decreased host-derived pancreatic zymogen granule membrane protein GP2 in CD patients. Moreover, although the abundance of most protein groups reflected that of related bacterial populations, we found a specific independent regulation of bacteria-derived cell envelope proteins. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first evidence that quantifiable bacterial protein signals are associated with CD, which can have a profound impact on future molecular diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David P Kreil
- Chair of Bioinformatics, Boku University Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Department of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwickshire, UK
| | | | - Alain Guillot
- Plate-forme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud-Ouest (PAPPSO), INRA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sebastian Vaca
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Carapito
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Peter Sykacek
- Chair of Bioinformatics, Boku University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harry Sokol
- UMR1319 Micalis, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France,Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Benoît Valot
- Plate-forme d'Analyse Protéomique de Paris Sud-Ouest (PAPPSO), INRA, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Wilfrid Carré
- UR1077, Mathématique Informatique et Génome (MIG), INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Valentin Loux
- UR1077, Mathématique Informatique et Génome (MIG), INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Olivier David
- UR341, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA), INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Brigitte Schaeffer
- UR341, Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA), INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Patrice Martin
- UMR1313 GABI, Iso Cell Express (ICE), INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Philippe Seksik
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Beaugerie
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Alain Van Dorsselaer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), IPHC, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Joël Doré
- UMR1319 Micalis, INRA, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Rani PS, Babajan B, Tulsian NK, Begum M, Kumar A, Ahmed N. Mycobacterial Hsp65 potentially cross-reacts with autoantibodies of diabetes sera and also induces (in vitro) cytokine responses relevant to diabetes mellitus. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 9:2932-41. [PMID: 24056978 DOI: 10.1039/c3mb70307j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Among the two types of diabetes, type-2 accounts for about 90% of all diabetic cases, whereas type-1 or juvenile diabetes is less prevalent and presents with humoral immune responses against some of the autoantigens. We attempted to test whether the sera of type-1 diabetes patients cross-react with mycobacterial heat shock protein 65 (Hsp65) due to postulated epitope homologies between mycobacterial Hsp65 and an important autoantigen of type-1 diabetes, glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65). In our study, we used either recombinant mycobacterial Hsp65 protein or synthetic peptides corresponding to some of the potential epitopes of mycobacterial Hsp65 that are shared with GAD65 or human Hsp60, and a control peptide sourced from mycobacterial Hsp65 which is not shared with GAD65, Hsp60 and other autoantigens of type-1 diabetes. The indirect ELISA results indicated that both type-1 diabetes and type-2 diabetes sera cross-react with conserved mycobacterial Hsp65 peptides and recombinant mycobacterial Hsp65 protein but do not do so with the control peptide. Our results suggest that cross-reactivity of mycobacterial Hsp65 with autoantibodies of diabetes sera could be due to the presence of significantly conserved peptides between mycobacterial Hsp65 and human Hsp60 rather than between mycobacterial Hsp65 and GAD65. The treatment of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with recombinant mycobacterial Hsp65 protein or the synthetic peptides resulted in a significant increase in the secretion of cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10. Taken together, these findings point towards a dual role for mycobacterial Hsp65: in inducing autoimmunity and in inflammation, the two cardinal features of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pittu Sandhya Rani
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
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15
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Heat Shock Proteins: Intestinal Gatekeepers that Are Influenced by Dietary Components and the Gut Microbiota. Pathogens 2014; 3:187-210. [PMID: 25437614 PMCID: PMC4235725 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens3010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microorganisms that inhabit the intestinal tract form a diverse and intricate ecosystem with a deeply embedded symbiotic relationship with their hosts. As more detailed information on gut microbiota complexity and functional diversity accumulates, we are learning more about how diet-microbiota interactions can influence the immune system within and outside the gut and host health in general. Heat shock proteins are a set of highly conserved proteins that are present in all types of cells, from microbes to mammals. These proteins carry out crucial intracellular housekeeping functions and unexpected extracellular immuno-regulatory features in order to maintain the mucosal barrier integrity and gut homeostasis. It is becoming evident that the enteric microbiota is one of the major determinants of heat shock protein production in intestinal epithelial cells. This review will focus on the interactions between diet, gut microbiota and their role for regulating heat shock protein production and, furthermore, how these interactions influence the immune system and the integrity of the mucosal barrier.
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16
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Huang QQ, Pope RM. The role of glycoprotein 96 in the persistent inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 530:1-6. [PMID: 23257071 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The 96-kDa glycoprotein (gp96) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident molecular chaperone. Under physiologic conditions, gp96 facilitates the transport of toll-like receptors (TLRs) to cell or endosomal membranes. Under pathologic circumstances such as rheumatoid arthritis, gp96 translocates to the cell surface and extracellular space, serving as an endogenous danger signal promoting TLR signaling. Macrophages play a central role in regulating innate and adaptive immunity, and are the major source of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Macrophage numbers in the sublining of RA synovial tissue correlate with clinical response. This review focuses on the recent findings that implicate gp96 induced macrophage activation mediated through TLR signaling in the pathogenesis of RA and provides insights concerning the targeting gp96 and the TLR signaling pathway as therapeutic approaches for patients with RA and possibly other chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Quan Huang
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, 240 East Huron, McGaw M220, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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17
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Mansilla MJ, Montalban X, Espejo C. Heat shock protein 70: roles in multiple sclerosis. Mol Med 2012; 18:1018-28. [PMID: 22669475 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSP) have long been considered intracellular chaperones that possess housekeeping and cytoprotective functions. Consequently, HSP overexpression was proposed as a potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation or aggregation of abnormal proteins. Recently, the discovery that cells release HSP with the capacity to trigger proinflammatory as well as immunoregulatory responses has focused attention on investigating the role of HSP in chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, the most relevant HSP is the inducible Hsp70, which exhibits both cytoprotectant and immunoregulatory functions. Several studies have presented contradictory evidence concerning the involvement of Hsp70 in MS or experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the MS animal model. In this review, we dissect the functions of Hsp70 and discuss the controversial data concerning the role of Hsp70 in MS and EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Mansilla
- Unitat de Neuroimmunologia Clínica, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Biet F, Gendt L, Anton E, Ballot E, Hugot JP, Johanet C. Serum antibodies to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis combined with anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in Crohn's disease patients: prevalence and diagnostic role. Dig Dis Sci 2011; 56:1794-800. [PMID: 21221802 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the etiologic agent of Johne's disease in ruminant, has been identified in the mucosal layer and deeper bowel wall in CD patients, the seroactivity against MAP may define a distinct subset of patients requiring individual treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of anti-MAP antibodies in the diagnostic strategy for CD. METHODS Two hundred seventy-two individuals were included: 81 with CD, 36 with ulcerative colitis, 35 with coeliac diseases and 120 healthy blood donors. Anti-MAP were detected by ELISA using a purified protein derivative from MAP. Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of anti-MAP and ASCA for CD diagnosis were similar (sensitivity: 0.33 ± 0.10 and 0.31 ± 0.10; specificity: 0.96 ± 0.03 and 0.98 ± 0.02, respectively). A combination of these two tests enabled an increase in sensitivity (0.53 ± 0.10), although specificity remained unchanged (0.95 ± 0.04). No correlation was found between anti-MAP positivity and clinical features such as age at onset and the duration of CD, disease location, or intestinal complications. Conversely, extra-intestinal manifestations of CD were statistically associated with a positivity of anti-MAP (48% vs. 24%, P = 0.028), mostly with respect to arthritis (44.5% vs. 13%, P < 0.002). Interestingly, anti-MAP and ASCA were also found in an active form of coeliac disease. CONCLUSION Our results suggest a complementary role of ASCA and anti-MAP for CD diagnosis and a possible common role of bacteria in small intestinal mucosal damage in CD and coeliac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Biet
- INRA, UR 1282, Infectiologie Animale, Santé Publique, Tours, France
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19
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Popham HJR, Grasela JJ, Goodman CL, McIntosh AH. Baculovirus infection influences host protein expression in two established insect cell lines. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 56:1237-1245. [PMID: 20362582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We identified host proteins that changed in response to host cell susceptibility to baculovirus infection. We used three baculovirus-host cell systems utilizing two cell lines derived from pupal ovaries, Hz-AM1 (from Helicoverpa zea) and Hv-AM1 (from Heliothis virescens). Hv-AM1 cells are permissive to Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) and semi-permissive to H. zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HzSNPV). Hz-AM1 cells are non-permissive to AcMNPV. We challenged each cell line with baculovirus infection and after 24h determined protein identities by MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. For Hv-AM1 cells, 21 proteins were identified, and for Hz-AM1 cells, 19 proteins were newly identified (with 8 others having been previously identified). In the permissive relationship, 18 of the proteins changed in expression by 70% or more in AcMNPV infected Hv-AM1 cells as compared with non-infected controls; 12 were significantly decreased and 6 cellular proteins were significantly increased. We also identified 3 virus-specific proteins. In the semi-permissive infections, eight proteins decreased by 2-fold or more. Non-permissive interactions did not lead to substantial changes in host cell protein expression. We hypothesize that some of these proteins act in determining host cell specificity for baculoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J R Popham
- USDA - Agricultural Research Service, Biological Control of Insects Research Laboratory, Columbia, MO 65203, USA.
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20
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Bourazopoulou E, Kapsogeorgou EK, Routsias JG, Manoussakis MN, Moutsopoulos HM, Tzioufas AG. Functional expression of the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor CD91 in salivary gland epithelial cells. J Autoimmun 2009; 33:141-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 06/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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22
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Bottoni P, Giardina B, Scatena R. Proteomic profiling of heat shock proteins: An emerging molecular approach with direct pathophysiological and clinical implications. Proteomics Clin Appl 2009; 3:636-53. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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García-Lechuz Moya JM. [Infectious agents in the etiopathogenesis of rheumatic diseases]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 4 Suppl 2:29-34. [PMID: 21794561 DOI: 10.1016/s1699-258x(08)76165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This article is an author's view of how to face the knowledge about infectious agents and their pathogenic role in the starting immune mechanisms, trying to clarify its role in the origin of some rheumatic diseases. From the basic immune responds, recent evidence and newly molecular mechanisms are dissected as well as diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M García-Lechuz Moya
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Servicio de Medicina Interna. Hospital General Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza. España
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Radom-Aizik S, Leu SY, Cooper DM, Zaldivar F. Serum from exercising humans suppresses t-cell cytokine production. Cytokine 2007; 40:75-81. [PMID: 17919919 PMCID: PMC2211758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2007] [Revised: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exercise affects t-cell cytokine production. Whether or not these effects are caused by circulating factors associated with physical activity (e.g., inflammatory mediators, acidosis) is unknown. To investigate this, we incubated sera (10%), obtained from 16 young-adults before (PRE) and after (END) 30-min of exercise, with commercially available Jurkat cells, a t-lymphocyte model, that, of course, had never been exposed to an exercise milieu. After 1 and 6h in culture, we measured in the supernatant four cytokines (each known to be altered by exercise and involved in disease pathophysiology): IL-2, TGF-beta1, TNF-alpha, and IL-1ra. Cell proliferation was assessed with proliferating nuclear cell antigen (PNCA). Statistical analysis consisted of a linear mixed model for repeated measurement. There was no effect of exercise on t-cell production of either TGF-beta1 or IL-1ra. In contrast, both IL-2 (p=0.025) and TNF-alpha (p=0.031) production was significantly suppressed in sera from the exercising participants. The suppression of these two cytokines occurred despite the fact that PNCA significantly increased (p=0.0004) in the END serum. In conclusion, exercise alters circulating factors that can, subsequently, influence t-cell cytokine production in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Radom-Aizik
- Pediatric Exercise Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Bldg 25, 2nd Floor, University Children's Hospital, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive, Orange, CA 92868, USA
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Bak SP, Amiel E, Walters JJ, Berwin B. Calreticulin requires an ancillary adjuvant for the induction of efficient cytotoxic T cell responses. Mol Immunol 2007; 45:1414-23. [PMID: 17936359 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 08/29/2007] [Accepted: 08/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chaperones stimulate the immune system to induce both protective immune responses and therapeutic tumor rejection. However, the underlying basis for this immunogenic activity is not well understood. A variety of chaperones, including calreticulin, hsp70 and grp94, function as vehicles to efficiently traffic associated peptides into professional antigen presenting cells. Importantly, these chaperones have also been proposed to function as adjuvants by stimulating the dendritic cell activation and co-stimulatory responses required to elicit peptide-specific CD8(+) T cell cytolytic activity. The efficacy of chaperone-mediated tumor rejection has been attributed to the ability of chaperones to function in both of these capacities. However, purified calreticulin has not previously been assessed for its ability to elicit DC maturation and, moreover, recent data indicates that it is not efficient at inducing Nf-kappaB activity which often accompanies or stimulates DC maturation. Here we use two complementary methods to produce endotoxin-free calreticulin and demonstrate that it does not measurably mature or activate dendritic cells both in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, a calreticulin/peptide complex required the addition of an exogenous adjuvant to elicit in vivo cytotoxic CD8(+) T cell responses. These data are discussed with respect to current models for chaperone-derived immune responses and in regard to rational vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Peter Bak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03755, USA
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