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Deng YP, Fu YT, Yao C, Shao R, Zhang XL, Duan DY, Liu GH. Emerging bacterial infectious diseases/pathogens vectored by human lice. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 55:102630. [PMID: 37567429 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Human lice have always been a major public health concern due to their vector capacity for louse-borne infectious diseases, like trench fever, louse-borne relapsing fever, and epidemic fever, which are caused by Bartonella quintana, Borrelia recurrentis, and Rickettsia prowazekii, respectively. Those diseases are currently re-emerging in the regions of poor hygiene, social poverty, or wars with life-threatening consequences. These louse-borne diseases have also caused outbreaks among populations in jails and refugee camps. In addition, antibodies and DNAs to those pathogens have been steadily detected in homeless populations. Importantly, more bacterial pathogens have been detected in human lice, and some have been transmitted by human lice in laboratories. Here, we provide a comprehensive review and update on louse-borne infectious diseases/bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ping Deng
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Tian Fu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Parasitology, Xiangya School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chaoqun Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and One Health Center for Zoonoses and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
| | - Renfu Shao
- Centre for Bioinnovation, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Xue-Ling Zhang
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - De-Yong Duan
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guo-Hua Liu
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Caravedo Martinez MA, Ramírez-Hernández A, Blanton LS. Manifestations and Management of Flea-Borne Rickettsioses. Res Rep Trop Med 2021; 12:1-14. [PMID: 33574726 PMCID: PMC7873028 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s274724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Murine typhus and flea-borne spotted fever are undifferentiated febrile illnesses caused by Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis, respectively. These organisms are small obligately intracellular bacteria and are transmitted to humans by fleas. Murine typhus is endemic to coastal areas of the tropics and subtropics (especially port cities), where rats are the primary mammalian host and rat fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis) are the vector. In the United States, a cycle of transmission involving opossums and cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) are the presumed reservoir and vector, respectively. The incidence and distribution of murine typhus appear to be increasing in endemic areas of the US. Rickettsia felis has also been reported throughout the world and is found within the ubiquitous cat flea. Flea-borne rickettsioses manifest as an undifferentiated febrile illness. Headache, malaise, and myalgia are frequent symptoms that accompany fever. The incidence of rash is variable, so its absence should not dissuade the clinician to consider a rickettsial illness as part of the differential diagnosis. When present, the rash is usually macular or papular. Although not a feature of murine typhus, eschar has been found in 12% of those with flea-borne spotted fever. Confirmatory laboratory diagnosis is usually obtained by serology; the indirect immunofluorescence assay is the serologic test of choice. Antibodies are seldom present during the first few days of illness. Thus, the diagnosis requires acute- and convalescent-phase specimens to document seroconversion or a four-fold increase in antibody titer. Since laboratory diagnosis is usually retrospective, when a flea-borne rickettsiosis is considered, empiric treatment should be initiated. The treatment of choice for both children and adults is doxycycline, which results in a swift and effective response. The following review is aimed to summarize the key clinical, epidemiological, ecological, diagnostic, and treatment aspects of flea-borne rickettsioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Caravedo Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine – Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Lucas S Blanton
- Department of Internal Medicine – Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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López-Pérez AM, Sánchez-Montes S, Foley J, Guzmán-Cornejo C, Colunga-Salas P, Pascoe E, Becker I, Delgado-de la Mora J, Licona-Enriquez JD, Suzan G. Molecular evidence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and Rickettsia massiliae in ticks collected from a domestic-wild carnivore interface in Chihuahua, Mexico. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 10:1118-1123. [PMID: 31202622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Sixty-five wild carnivores and twenty free-roaming dogs from the Janos Biosphere Reserve (JBR), northwestern Chihuahua, Mexico, were inspected for ticks which were tested by molecular assays to identify Borrelia and Rickettsia infections. Overall, 45 ticks belonging to five taxa, including Dermacentor parumapertus, Ixodes hearlei, Ixodes kingi, Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l., and Ornithodoros sp. were collected from 9.2% of the wild carnivores and 60% of the free-roaming dogs. Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. DNA was detected in an I. kingi tick collected from a kit fox (Vulpes macrotis), while Rickettsia massiliae was detected in two (6.5%) of the 31 Rh. sanguineus s.l. collected from free-roaming dogs. Our results revealed host associations between free-roaming dogs and wild carnivore hosts and their ticks in the JBR. The presence of the etiological agents of Lyme disease and spotted fever rickettsiosis in ticks raises the potential risk of tick-borne diseases at the human-domestic-wildlife interface in northwestern Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés M López-Pérez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades y una Salud, Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Sokani Sánchez-Montes
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Janet Foley
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carmen Guzmán-Cornejo
- Laboratorio de Acarología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Colunga-Salas
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Emily Pascoe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ingeborg Becker
- Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Delgado-de la Mora
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gerardo Suzan
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades y una Salud, Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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de Barsy M, Bertelli C, Jacquier N, Kebbi-Beghdadi C, Greub G. ESCCAR international congress on Rickettsia and other intracellular bacteria. Microbes Infect 2015; 17:680-8. [PMID: 26297854 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The European Society for the study of Chlamydia, Coxiella, Anaplasma and Rickettsia (ESCCAR) held his triennial international meeting in Lausanne. This meeting gathered 165 scientists from 28 countries and all 5 continents, allowing efficient networking and major scientific exchanges. Topics covered include molecular and cellular microbiology, genomics, as well as epidemiology, veterinary and human medicine. Several breakthroughs have been revealed at the meeting, such as (i) the presence of CRISPR (the "prokaryotic immune system") in chlamydiae, (ii) an Anaplasma effector involved in host chromatin remodelling, (iii) the polarity of the type III secretion system of chlamydiae during the entry process revealed by cryo-electron tomography. Moreover, the ESCCAR meeting was a unique opportunity to be exposed to cutting-edge science and to listen to comprehensive talks on current hot topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie de Barsy
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire Bertelli
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Jacquier
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carole Kebbi-Beghdadi
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Detection of Rickettsia in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and Ctenocephalides felis fleas from southeastern Tunisia by reverse line blot assay. J Clin Microbiol 2013; 52:268-74. [PMID: 24226919 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01925-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ticks (n = 663) and fleas (n = 470) collected from domestic animals from southeastern Tunisia were screened for Rickettsia infection using reverse line blot assay. Evidence of spotted fever group Rickettsia was obtained. We detected Rickettsia felis in fleas, Rickettsia massiliae Bar 29 and the Rickettsia conorii Israeli spotted fever strain in ticks, and Rickettsia conorii subsp. conorii and Rickettsia spp. in both arthropods. The sensitivity of the adopted technique allowed the identification of a new association between fleas and R. conorii subsp. conorii species. The presence of these vector-borne Rickettsia infections should be considered when diagnosing this disease in humans in Tunisia.
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Sfar N, M'Ghirbi Y, Letaïef A, Parola P, Bouattour A, Raoult D. First report ofRickettsia monacensisandRickettsia helveticafrom Tunisia. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2013; 102:561-4. [DOI: 10.1179/136485908x311795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Pader V, Buniak JN, Abdissa A, Adamu H, Tolosa T, Gashaw A, Cutler RR, Cutler SJ. Candidatus Rickettsia hoogstraalii in Ethiopian Argas persicus ticks. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2012; 3:338-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bell DR, Berghaus RD, Patel S, Beavers S, Fernandez I, Sanchez S. Seroprevalence of tick-borne infections in military working dogs in the Republic of Korea. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2012; 12:1023-30. [PMID: 23167501 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2011.0864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we endeavored to determine the seroprevalence of tick-borne infections in the military working dog (MWD) population in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Our sample population consisted of 182 serum samples from MWDs for 3 different years (1996, 2002, and 2007). In addition, 63 whole blood samples from 2007 were available for polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Serum samples were evaluated by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and by ELISA only for Borrelia burgdorferi. PCR amplification of DNA was performed to screen for Ehrlichia canis, E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Rickettsia rickettsii, as well as Babesia and Theileria species using previously published primers and probes. A total of 56 (30.8%) MWDs were positive by at least one serologic test. Seroprevalences for Anaplasma and Ehrlichia were 4.4% and 0.6% based on the ELISA, and 24.7% and 22.5% based on the IFA, respectively. ELISA testing for Borrelia yielded 2 (1.1%) positive results. In parallel testing using both the ELISA and IFA tests, the percentages of dogs with one or more positive results were 34.1%, 25.9%, and 28.4%, for 1996, 2002, and 2007, respectively. There was no significant differences in seroprevalence based on location, year, breed, or sex of the MWD. There was poor agreement between IFA and ELISA test results. No MWD sample had a positive PCR result. MWDs stationed in Korea had serologic evidence of exposure to several tick-borne pathogens, but PCR testing did not identify any active infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis R Bell
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine , University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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Bechah Y, Mege JL, Raoult D. Cross-protection among Rickettsia species and subspecies in a guinea pig model of cutaneous infection. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 35:551-6. [PMID: 22784931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic rickettsiae of the spotted fever group (SFG) induce skin lesions called "eschars" at the sites of arthropod bites. We recently described a guinea pig model based on eschar formation to predict the eventual pathogenicity of new Rickettsia species, and in this study, we used the model to study cross-protection among SFG Rickettsia species and subspecies. We showed that the intradermal inoculation of guinea pigs with Rickettsia conorii subsp. conorii significantly reduced, but not completely prevented, the number of eschars after sub-challenges with the same pathogen (P=0.0004). The same effect was also observed for other subspecies of the R. conorii complex. Additionally, the bacterial load in the eschars was significantly lower in immunized animals than in naïve animals. No protection was observed when sub-challenges were performed with other Rickettsia species, such as R. africae, R. sibirica subsp. mongolitimonae, R. aeschlimannii and R. massiliae. Our data suggest that patients may experience several episodes of infection with related or with the same species of Rickettsia. Moreover, the absence of cross-protection between Rickettsia species may explain the co-existence of two or more tick-borne rickettsioses in the same geographic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassina Bechah
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses Transmissibles et Emergentes, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS UMR 7278, INSERM U1095, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges. Retina 2012; 32:1217-21. [DOI: 10.1097/iae.0b013e3182550666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Faucher JF, Socolovschi C, Aubry C, Chirouze C, Hustache-Mathieu L, Raoult D, Hoen B. Brill-Zinsser disease in Moroccan man, France, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis 2012; 18:171-2. [PMID: 22261378 PMCID: PMC3310116 DOI: 10.3201/eid1801.111057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Keysary A, Eremeeva ME, Leitner M, Din AB, Wikswo ME, Mumcuoglu KY, Inbar M, Wallach AD, Shanas U, King R, Waner T. Spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks collected from wild animals in Israel. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 85:919-23. [PMID: 22049050 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We report molecular evidence for the presence of spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) in ticks collected from roe deer, addax, red foxes, and wild boars in Israel. Rickettsia aeschlimannii was detected in Hyalomma marginatum and Hyalomma detritum while Rickettsia massiliae was present in Rhipicephalus turanicus ticks. Furthermore, a novel uncultured SFGR was detected in Haemaphysalis adleri and Haemaphysalis parva ticks from golden jackals. The pathogenicity of the novel SFGR for humans is unknown; however, the presence of multiple SFGR agents should be considered when serological surveillance data from Israel are interpreted because of significant antigenic cross-reactivity among Rickettsia. The epidemiology and ecology of SFGR in Israel appear to be more complicated than was previously believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Keysary
- Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel.
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Badiaga S, Benkouiten S, Hajji H, Raoult D, Brouqui P. Murine typhus in the homeless. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 35:39-43. [PMID: 22093517 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2011.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Homeless populations are particularly exposed to many vector-borne diseases because of their poor living conditions. We tested sera from 299 homeless people recruited in 2010 and 2011 in Marseilles, France for antibodies to Rickettsia typhi by microimmunofluorescence using a titer of 1:25 as a cut-off titer, and we confirmed the results by Western blot and cross-adsorption studies. Sixty-three persons (22%) had antibodies against R. typhi. The murine typhus seroprevalence rates have significantly increased in homeless populations between the 2000-2003 and 2010-2011 periods. These findings indicate that the homeless are increasingly exposed to flea-borne murine typhus in Marseilles. One might suggest that multiple strikes of sanitation workers resulting in the increase of waste and construction sites combined with the poor living conditions of the homeless expose this population to rodents and their fleas. Further annual studies are necessary to follow rodent-associated diseases among homeless people in Marseille.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sékéné Badiaga
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Marseille, France
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Sfar N, Kaabia N, Letaïef A, Rolain J, Parola P, Bouattour A, Raoult D. First molecular detection of R. conorii subsp. conorii 99 years after the Conor description of Mediterranean spotted fever, in Tunisia. Clin Microbiol Infect 2009; 15 Suppl 2:309-10. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.02253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lledó L, González R, Gegúndez MI, Beltrán M, Saz JV. Epidemiological study of rickettsial infections in patients with hypertransaminemia in Madrid (Spain). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2009; 6:2526-33. [PMID: 20054452 PMCID: PMC2790090 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph6102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective analysis was performed to detect anti-rickettsial antibodies in the serum of patients with hypertransaminemia of unknown etiology, and in that of healthy members of the general population of Madrid (Spain). Among 143 patients 16 (11.2%) were positive for anti-R. conorii IgG antibodies and 7% for R. typhi. PCR analysis was performed in patients with IgM antibodies. Among 143 healthy subjects from the general population, seven (4.9%) were positive for anti-R. conorii IgG antibodies, and 2.8% for R. typhi. These results show that anti-rickettsial antibodies are more commonly detected in patients with hypertransaminemia than in healthy people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Lledó
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain; E-Mails:
(R.G.);
(M.I.G.);
(M.B.);
(J.V.S.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail:
; Tel.: +34-918854794; Fax: +34-918854663
| | - Rosario González
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain; E-Mails:
(R.G.);
(M.I.G.);
(M.B.);
(J.V.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital “Príncipe de Asturias”, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain
| | - María Isabel Gegúndez
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain; E-Mails:
(R.G.);
(M.I.G.);
(M.B.);
(J.V.S.)
| | - María Beltrán
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain; E-Mails:
(R.G.);
(M.I.G.);
(M.B.);
(J.V.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital “Príncipe de Asturias”, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain
| | - José Vicente Saz
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km 33.6, Alcalá de Henares 28871, Spain; E-Mails:
(R.G.);
(M.I.G.);
(M.B.);
(J.V.S.)
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Meerburg BG, Singleton GR, Kijlstra A. Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health. Crit Rev Microbiol 2009; 35:221-70. [DOI: 10.1080/10408410902989837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 455] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Mokrani N, Parola P, Tebbal S, Dalichaouche M, Aouati A, Raoult D. Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection, Algeria. Emerg Infect Dis 2009; 14:1814-5. [PMID: 18976583 PMCID: PMC2630723 DOI: 10.3201/eid1411.071221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Benabdellah A, Mouffok N, Bensaad M, Belkadi Kouied A, Razik F, Raoult D. Mediterranean-spotted fever: clinical and laboratory characteristics of 34 children in Oran (Algeria). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 55:539-42. [PMID: 17913393 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2007.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2007] [Accepted: 07/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mediterranean-spotted fever (MSF) is endemic in the Mediterranean basin. The aim of our study is to describe clinical and laboratory characteristics of MSF in Algeria. METHODS Retrospective study of 34 children suffering from MSF hospitalized from 2002 to 2005. Diagnosis and outcome data were abstracted from patient medical reports. The serological confirmation was obtained by immunofluorescent antibody. RESULTS All the children were hospitalized during summer time. The median age was 4.5 years. The sex ratio in the children was 0.76. Clinical features were high fever, maculopapulous rash and black eschar. Among analytical findings, leucocyte count was decreased in 50% of children during the first week of illness. The indirect immunofluorescence for Rickettsia conorii was positive in 70% of cases in the second determination. All received antimicrobial therapy. All children cured without complications. CONCLUSION MSF is a mild rickettsial disease in Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benabdellah
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, CHU d'Oran, 72, Boulevard Benzerdjeb, 31000, Oran, Algeria.
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