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Ma Y, Wan L, Li R, Chen X, Wang H. Impact of postsurgical vaginal microbiome on high-risk HPV infection and recurrence risk in patients with cervical cancer and intraepithelial neoplasia: A retrospective study. Gynecol Oncol Rep 2024; 55:101506. [PMID: 39308899 PMCID: PMC11416653 DOI: 10.1016/j.gore.2024.101506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to determine the effect of postsurgical vaginal microbiome (VM) on high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and the risk of disease recurrence in patients surgically treated for cervical cancer (CC) or intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). Methods 207 women who underwent surgical treatment for CC or CIN at the Department of Gynecologic Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from November 2016 to October 2023 were included. The patients' clinical data, including age, surgical modality, and diagnosis at time of index surgery, were collected retrospectively and analyzed. Associations between postsurgical VM indices, hrHPV infection, cervical cytology, and recurrence were also evaluated. Results Patient age, surgical modality (whether complete excision of the cervix was performed), and diagnosis at time of index surgery (cervical dysplasia vs. cervical carcinoma) showed no significant association with postsurgical hrHPV infection, cervical cytology, or disease recurrence. However, postsurgical VM imbalance was significantly associated with hrHPV infection status (OR = 4.640, 95 % CI = 2.085-10.460, P < 0.001), abnormal cervical cytology (OR = 3.994, 95 % CI = 1.154-13.826, P = 0.020), and disease recurrence (OR = 3.789, 95 % CI = 1.091-13.154, P = 0.026). Among the specific VM indices, a vaginal pH above 4.5 (OR = 4.570, 95 % CI = 1.640-12.690, P = 0.002), a lactobacilli proportion below 50 % (OR = 3.938, 95 % CI = 1.299-11.934, P = 0.010), and the presence of aerobic vaginitis (AV, OR = 2.425, 95 % CI = 0.996-5.901, P = 0.046) were risk factors for postsurgical recurrence. Conclusion Postsurgical VM imbalance, especially abnormal indices, such as a pH above 4.5, a lactobacilli proportion below 50 %, and the presence of AV, was associated with an increased risk of postsurgical recurrence in patients who underwent surgical treatment for CIN and CC. Monitoring and potentially intervening in the VM may improve the prognosis of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, PR China
| | - Lijuan Wan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, PR China
| | - Ruonan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, PR China
| | - Huiyan Wang
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, PR China
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Chan RJ, Knowles R, Ashbury FD, Bowen J, Chan A, Chin M, Olver I, Taylor C, Tinianov S, Alberti P, Bossi P, Brito-Dellan N, Cooksley T, Crawford GB, Dixit N, Fitch MI, Freedman JL, Ginex PK, Hart NH, Hertz DL, Jefford M, Koczwara B, Naito T, Orsey AD, Ruhlmann CH, Tsoukalas N, van den Hurk C, Van Sebille Y, Wardill HR, Scotte F, Lustberg M. Supportive care 2030 movement: towards unifying ambitions for global excellence in supportive cancer care-an international Delphi study. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 76:102825. [PMID: 39309723 PMCID: PMC11415959 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Supportive care to ensure optimal quality of life is an essential component of cancer care and symptom control across the lifespan. Ongoing advances in cancer treatment, increasing toxicity from many novel treatment regimes, and variations in access to care and cancer outcomes across the globe and resource settings present significant challenges for supportive care delivery. To date, no overarching framework has been developed to guide supportive care development worldwide. As an initial step of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Supportive Care 2030 Movement, we developed a targeted, unifying set of ambition statements to envision the future of supportive cancer care. Methods From September 2022 until June 2023, we used a modified Delphi methodology to develop and attain consensus about ambition statements related to supportive cancer care. Leaders of MASCC Study Groups were invited to participate in an Expert Panel for the first two Delphi rounds (and a preliminary round to suggest potential ambition statements). Patient Advocates then examined and provided input regarding the ambition statements. Findings Twenty-seven Expert Panelists and 11 Patient Advocates participated. Consensus was attained on 13 ambition statements, with two sub-statements. The ambition statements addressed global standards for guideline development and implementation, coordinated and individualized care, dedicated supportive oncology services, self-management, needs for screening and actions, patient education, behavioral support, financial impact minimization, comprehensive survivorship care, and timely palliative care, reflecting collaboration, coordination and team-based approach across all levels. Interpretation This study is the first to develop shared ambitions for the future of supportive cancer care on a global level. These ambition statements can facilitate a coordinated, resource-stratified, and person-centered approach and inform research, education, clinical services, and policy efforts. Funding This project received funding support from Prof Raymond Chan's NHMRC Investigator Grant (APP1194051).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Javan Chan
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Reegan Knowles
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Joanne Bowen
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, 230 North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexandre Chan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of California, 802 W Peltason Dr, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Melissa Chin
- Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 16 Industrial Parkway South Unit 412, Aurora, ON L4G 0R1, Canada
| | - Ian Olver
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, 230 North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carolyn Taylor
- Global Focus on Cancer, 26 Hemlock Rd Suite 101, South Salem, NY 10590, United States
| | - Stacey Tinianov
- Advocates for Collaborative Education, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Paola Alberti
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20072, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
| | - Norman Brito-Dellan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tim Cooksley
- The Christie, Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Brian Crawford
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, 230 North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
| | - Niharika Dixit
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Margaret I. Fitch
- Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, 155 College Str, Suite 130, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason L. Freedman
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Pamela K. Ginex
- State University of New York, Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Nicolas H. Hart
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Human Performance Research Centre, INSIGHT Research Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 235 Jones Str, Ultimo, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Daniel L. Hertz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Str, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael Jefford
- Department of Health Services Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Str, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Str, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bogda Koczwara
- Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders University, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tateaki Naito
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Japan
| | - Andrea Dahlman Orsey
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT 06106, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
| | - Christina H. Ruhlmann
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark - Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | | | - Corina van den Hurk
- R&D Department, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Rijnkade 5, Utrecht 3511 LC, the Netherlands
| | - Ysabella Van Sebille
- University of South Australia, Level 4, Catherine Helen Spence Building, City West, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hannah Rose Wardill
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, 230 North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Florian Scotte
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif CEDEX, Paris, France
| | - Maryam Lustberg
- Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale, 35 Park Street, Fl 1st, Suite A, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) Study Group Chairs
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, 230 North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of California, 802 W Peltason Dr, Irvine, CA, United States
- Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer, 16 Industrial Parkway South Unit 412, Aurora, ON L4G 0R1, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, 230 North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Global Focus on Cancer, 26 Hemlock Rd Suite 101, South Salem, NY 10590, United States
- Advocates for Collaborative Education, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, Milan 20072, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, Rozzano, Milan 20089, Italy
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, United States
- The Christie, Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Northern Adelaide Local Health Network, South Australia, Australia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, 155 College Str, Suite 130, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- State University of New York, Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Human Performance Research Centre, INSIGHT Research Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), 235 Jones Str, Ultimo, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church Str, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Health Services Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Str, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan Str, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Flinders University, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders Drive, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Japan
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, 282 Washington Street, Hartford, CT 06106, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, United States
- Department of Oncology, Odense University Hospital, Denmark - Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
- Oncology Department, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, Greece
- R&D Department, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization (IKNL), Rijnkade 5, Utrecht 3511 LC, the Netherlands
- University of South Australia, Level 4, Catherine Helen Spence Building, City West, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- The Supportive Oncology Research Group, Precision Cancer Medicine Theme, The South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif CEDEX, Paris, France
- Smilow Cancer Hospital at Yale, 35 Park Street, Fl 1st, Suite A, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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3
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Faupel-Badger J, Kohaar I, Bahl M, Chan AT, Campbell JD, Ding L, De Marzo AM, Maitra A, Merrick DT, Hawk ET, Wistuba II, Ghobrial IM, Lippman SM, Lu KH, Lawler M, Kay NE, Tlsty TD, Rebbeck TR, Srivastava S. Defining precancer: a grand challenge for the cancer community. Nat Rev Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41568-024-00744-0. [PMID: 39354069 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00744-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
The term 'precancer' typically refers to an early stage of neoplastic development that is distinguishable from normal tissue owing to molecular and phenotypic alterations, resulting in abnormal cells that are at least partially self-sustaining and function outside of normal cellular cues that constrain cell proliferation and survival. Although such cells are often histologically distinct from both the corresponding normal and invasive cancer cells of the same tissue origin, defining precancer remains a challenge for both the research and clinical communities. Once sufficient molecular and phenotypic changes have occurred in the precancer, the tissue is identified as a 'cancer' by a histopathologist. While even diagnosing cancer can at times be challenging, the determination of invasive cancer is generally less ambiguous and suggests a high likelihood of and potential for metastatic disease. The 'hallmarks of cancer' set out the fundamental organizing principles of malignant transformation but exactly how many of these hallmarks and in what configuration they define precancer has not been clearly and consistently determined. In this Expert Recommendation, we provide a starting point for a conceptual framework for defining precancer, which is based on molecular, pathological, clinical and epidemiological criteria, with the goal of advancing our understanding of the initial changes that occur and opportunities to intervene at the earliest possible time point.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indu Kohaar
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Manisha Bahl
- Division of Breast Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua D Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, McDonnell Genome Institute, and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Urology and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Sheikh Ahmed Center for Pancreatic Cancer Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel T Merrick
- Division of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ernest T Hawk
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Irene M Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Mark Lawler
- Patrick G Johnson Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Neil E Kay
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thea D Tlsty
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudhir Srivastava
- Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.
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4
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Beas-Lozano EL, Contreras S, Donald-Jaramillo MAM, Frayde-Aguilar C, Carrillo-Vidales J, Jaime-Casas S, Martinez-Cannon BA. Current management of cervical cancer in women living with HIV. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 204:104519. [PMID: 39322024 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a significant global health issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Women living with HIV (WLWH) are not only at higher risk of cervical cancer due to their increased susceptibility to high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and compromised immune status, but also higher mortality rates have been reported. Therefore, prevention, optimal screening, use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and early access to treatment are of utmost importance in this population. While international guidelines for cervical cancer state no treatment differences should be made for WLWH, there is evidence that this population of patients represents a challenge in decision-making for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and surgical oncologists. This review summarizes the available evidence on the different treatment strategies for WLWH and invasive cervical cancer and highlights the need for special considerations in screening andprevention of cervical cancer in WLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Lilian Beas-Lozano
- Hemato-Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Contreras
- Hemato-Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Citlali Frayde-Aguilar
- Hemato-Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Javier Carrillo-Vidales
- Surgery Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Salvador Jaime-Casas
- Hemato-Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bertha Alejandra Martinez-Cannon
- Hemato-Oncology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico; Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust & Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JJ, UK.
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5
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Caruso G, Wagar MK, Hsu HC, Hoegl J, Rey Valzacchi GM, Fernandes A, Cucinella G, Sahin Aker S, Jayraj AS, Mauro J, Pareja R, Ramirez PT. Cervical cancer: a new era. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2024:ijgc-2024-005579. [PMID: 39117381 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2024-005579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a major global health issue, ranking as the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Depending on stage, histology, and patient factors, the standard management of cervical cancer is a combination of treatment approaches, including (fertility- or non-fertility-sparing) surgery, radiotherapy, platinum-based chemotherapy, and novel systemic therapies such as bevacizumab, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates. While ambitious global initiatives seek to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem, the management of cervical cancer continues to evolve with major advances in imaging modalities, surgical approaches, identification of histopathological risk factors, radiotherapy techniques, and biomarker-driven personalized therapies. In particular, the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has dramatically altered the treatment of cervical cancer, leading to significant survival benefits in both locally advanced and metastatic/recurrent settings. As the landscape of cervical cancer therapies continues to evolve, the aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive discussion of the current state and the latest practice-changing updates in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caruso
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew K Wagar
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Heng-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jorge Hoegl
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecological Oncology, Clínica Maternidad Santa Ana, IVSS, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
| | | | - Andreina Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Oncología y Hematología, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
| | - Giuseppe Cucinella
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Seda Sahin Aker
- Gynecologic Oncology, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
- Clinical Anatomy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aarthi S Jayraj
- South Tees NHS Foundation Trust, James Cook University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Jessica Mauro
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Ospedale Michele e Pietro Ferrero, Verduno, Italy
| | - Rene Pareja
- Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology, Clinica ASTORGA, Medellin, and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pedro T Ramirez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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6
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Sahasrabuddhe VV. Cervical Cancer: Precursors and Prevention. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2024; 38:771-781. [PMID: 38760198 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer, caused due to oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV), is a leading preventable cause of cancer morbidity and mortality globally. Chronic, persistent HPV infection-induced cervical precursor lesions, if left undetected and untreated, can progress to invasive cancer. Cervical cancer screening approaches have evolved from cytology (Papanicolaou test) to highly sensitive HPV-based molecular methods and personalized, risk-stratified, management guidelines. Innovations like self-collection of samples to increase screening access, innovative triage methods to optimize management of screen positives, and scalable and efficacious precancer treatment approaches will be key to further enhance the utility of prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant V Sahasrabuddhe
- Breast and Gynecologic Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Room 5E-338, Rockville, MD, USA.
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7
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Gottschlich A, Hong Q, Gondara L, Alam MS, Cook DA, Martin RE, Lee M, Melnikow J, Peacock S, Proctor L, Stuart G, Franco EL, Krajden M, Smith LW, Ogilvie GS. Evidence of Decreased Long-term Risk of Cervical Precancer after Negative Primary HPV Screens Compared with Negative Cytology Screens in a Longitudinal Cohort Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:904-911. [PMID: 38773687 PMCID: PMC11216858 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing use of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical cancer screening requires determining appropriate screening intervals to avoid overtreatment of transient disease. This study examined the long-term risk of cervical precancer after HPV screening to inform screening interval recommendations. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study (British Columbia, Canada, 2008 to 2022) recruited women and individuals with a cervix who received 1 to 2 negative HPV screens (HPV1 cohort, N = 5,546; HPV2 cohort, N = 6,624) during a randomized trial and women and individuals with a cervix with 1 to 2 normal cytology results (BCS1 cohort, N = 782,297; BCS2 cohort, N = 673,778) extracted from the provincial screening registry. All participants were followed through the registry for 14 years. Long-term risk of cervical precancer or worse [cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+)] was compared between HPV and cytology cohorts. RESULTS Cumulative risks of CIN2+ were 3.2/1,000 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6-4.7] in HPV1 and 2.7/1,000 (95% CI, 1.2-4.2) in HPV2 after 8 years. This was comparable with the risk in the cytology cohorts after 3 years [BCS1: 3.3/1,000 (95% CI, 3.1-3.4); BCS2: 2.5/1,000 (95% CI, 2.4-2.6)]. The cumulative risk of CIN2+ after 10 years was low in the HPV cohorts [HPV1: 4.7/1,000 (95% CI, 2.6-6.7); HPV2: 3.9 (95% CI, 1.1-6.6)]. CONCLUSIONS Risk of CIN2+ 8 years after a negative screen in the HPV cohorts was comparable with risk after 3 years in the cytology cohorts (the benchmark for acceptable risk). IMPACT These findings suggest that primary HPV screening intervals could be extended beyond the current 5-year recommendation, potentially reducing barriers to screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gottschlich
- Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Population Sciences and Disparities Research Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Quan Hong
- Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lovedeep Gondara
- British Columbia Cervix Screening Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Md Saiful Alam
- Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Darrel A. Cook
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ruth Elwood Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marette Lee
- British Columbia Cervix Screening Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joy Melnikow
- Center for Healthcare Policy and Research, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Stuart Peacock
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lily Proctor
- Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Cervix Screening Program, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gavin Stuart
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eduardo L. Franco
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mel Krajden
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laurie W. Smith
- Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gina S. Ogilvie
- Women's Health Research Institute, BC Women's Hospital and Health Services, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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8
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Tay SK. Improving the effectiveness of cervical cancer screening: Managing positive high-risk human papillomavirus results. ANNALS OF THE ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SINGAPORE 2024; 53:342-351. [PMID: 38979990 DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.2023329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Good compliance of the management of abnormal results is important for effective cervical screening. This study investigated the rate of surveillance and follow-up outcomes for human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive women in cervical screening. Method Women on surveillance by repeat HPV testing were identified in a prospectively managed database. Data retrieved included women's age, country residence status, history of colposcopy, HPV-DNA status on the first and repeat tests, dates of follow-up during the 5 years since the initial screening, and histological diagnosis of cervical lesions. The main outcome measures were compliance rate for repeat HPV testing, regression and persistence rates of HPV subtypes, and detection rate of high-grade lesions (CIN2+). Results This analysis included 680 residents in the community, mean age 44.8 (95% confidence interval 20.1-69.5) years. The compliance rate of repeat testing was 28.2% at 12 months and, cumulatively, 42.8% for the entire 5-year follow-up period. The rates were unaffected by age (P=0.5829) nor prior colposcopy (P=0.1607). There were 5 (1.7%) cases of CIN2+ detected. Of 391 women on longitudi-nal follow-up, 194 (60.8%) cleared their HPV infection. Some women with multiple HPV infection cleared 1 but not the other subtype(s). Thus, the regression rate was 90.3% for HPV-16, 87.0% for HPV-18 and 65.2% for HPV-12-others (P=0.001). The annualised HPV regression rates were similar for HPV subtypes and for each follow-up year. Conclusion Surveillance of HPV positivity is clinically important for detecting high-grade lesions. Despite a high regression rate of HPV, surveillance hesitancy is a serious weakness in routine cervical screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Kuie Tay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
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Luckett R, Ramogola-Masire D, Gompers A, Moraka N, Moyo S, Sedabadi L, Tawe L, Kashamba T, Gaborone K, Mathoma A, Noubary F, Kula M, Grover S, Dreyer G, Botha MH, Makhema J, Shapiro R, Hacker MR. Triage of HPV positivity in a high HIV prevalence setting: A prospective cohort study comparing visual triage methods and HPV genotype restriction in Botswana. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2024; 165:507-518. [PMID: 37950533 PMCID: PMC11021160 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Guidelines for effective triage following positive primary high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) screening in low- and middle-income countries with high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-prevalence have not previously been established. In the present study, we evaluated the performance of three triage methods for positive HPV results in women living with HIV (WLHIV) and without HIV in Botswana. METHODS We conducted baseline enrollment of a prospective cohort study from February 2021 to August 2022 in South-East District, Botswana. Non-pregnant women aged 25 or older with an intact cervix and no prior diagnosis of cervical cancer were systematically consented for enrollment, with enrichment of the cohort for WLHIV. Those who consented completed a questionnaire and then collected vaginal self-samples for HPV testing. Primary HPV testing for 15 individual genotypes was conducted using Atila AmpFire® HPV assay. Those with positive HPV results returned for a triage visit where all underwent visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA), colposcopy, and biopsy. Triage strategies with VIA, colposcopy and 8-type HPV genotype restriction (16/18/31/33/35/45/52/58), separately and in combination, were compared using histopathology as the gold standard in diagnosing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or worse (CIN2+). RESULTS Among 2969 women enrolled, 1480 (50%) tested HPV positive. The cohort included 1478 (50%) WLHIV; 99% were virologically suppressed after a mean of 8 years on antiretroviral therapy. In total, 1269 (86%) women had histopathology data for analysis. Among WLHIV who tested positive for HPV, 131 (19%) of 688 had CIN2+ compared with 71 (12%) of 581 in women without HIV. Screening by 8-type HPV genotype restriction was more sensitive as triage to detect CIN2+ in WLHIV 87.79% (95% CI: 80.92-92.85) and women without HIV 85.92% (95% CI: 75.62-93.03) when compared with VIA (WLHIV 62.31% [95% CI: 53.39-70.65], women without HIV 44.29% [95% CI: 32.41-56.66]) and colposcopy (WLHIV 70.77% [95% CI: 62.15-78.41], women without HIV 45.71% [95% CI: 33.74-58.06]). However, 8-type HPV genotype restriction had low specificity in WLHIV of 30.88% (95% CI: 27.06-34.90) and women without HIV 37.06% (95% CI: 32.85-41.41). These results were similar when CIN3+ was used as the outcome. When combining 8-type HPV genotype restriction with VIA as the triage strategy, there was improved specificity to detect CIN2+ in WLHIV of 81.65% (95% CI: 78.18-84.79) but dramatically reduced sensitivity of 56.15% (95% CI: 47.18-64.84). CONCLUSIONS Eight-type HPV genotype restriction is a promising component of effective triage for HPV positivity. However, novel triage strategies in LMICs with high HIV prevalence may be needed to avoid the trade-off between sensitivity and specificity with currently available options. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION This study is registered on Clinicaltrials.gov no. NCT04242823, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04242823.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Luckett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Doreen Ramogola-Masire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | | | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Pathology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Leatile Sedabadi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Leabaneng Tawe
- Department of Pathology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Thanolo Kashamba
- Department of Pathology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Anikie Mathoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Farzad Noubary
- Department of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Maduke Kula
- National Cervical Cancer Prevention Program, Ministry of Health and Wellness Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Surbhi Grover
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Greta Dreyer
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Matthys H Botha
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joseph Makhema
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Roger Shapiro
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Michele R Hacker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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10
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Luckett R, Ramogola-Masire D, Harris DA, Gompers A, Gaborone K, Mochoba L, Ntshese L, Mathoma A, Kula M, Shapiro R, Larson E. Feasibility and acceptability of an HPV self-testing strategy: lessons from a research context to assess for ability to implement into primary care at a national level in Botswana. Front Glob Womens Health 2024; 4:1300788. [PMID: 38259634 PMCID: PMC10800890 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2023.1300788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The WHO strategy for cervical cancer elimination strives to achieve 70% coverage with high-performance cervical screening. While few low- and middle-income countries have achieved this, high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) self-testing creates the possibility to rapidly upscale access to high-performance cervical screening across resource settings. However, effective hrHPV screening requires linkage to follow-up, which has been variable in prior studies. This study developed and tested an implementation strategy aimed at improving screening and linkage to follow-up care in South East District in Botswana. Methods This study performed primary hrHPV self-testing; those with positive results were referred for a triage visit. Withdrawals for any reason, loss-to follow-up between hrHPV test and triage visit, and number of call attempts to give hrHPV results were also documented. Acceptability of the program to patients was measured as the proportion of patients who completed a triage visit when indicated, meeting the a priori threshold of 80%. Feasibility was defined as the proportion of participants receiving the results and attending follow-up. To assess the associations between participant characteristics and loss-to-follow-up we used log-binomial regressions to estimate risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Enrollment of 3,000 women occurred from February 2021 to August 2022. In total, 10 participants withdrew and an additional 33 were determined ineligible after consent, leaving a final cohort of 2,957 participants who underwent self-swab hrHPV testing. Half (50%) of participants tested positive for hrHPV and nearly all (98%) of participants received their hrHPV results, primarily via telephone. Few calls to participants were required to communicate results: 2,397 (82%) required one call, 386 (13%) required 2 calls, and only 151 (5%) required 3-5 calls. The median time from specimen collection to participant receiving results was 44 days (IQR, 27-65). Of all hrHPV positive participants, 1,328 (90%) attended a triage visit. Discussion In a large cohort we had low loss-to-follow-up of 10%, indicating that the strategy is acceptable. Telephonic results reporting was associated with high screening completion, required few calls to participants, and supports the feasibility of hrHPV self-testing in primary care followed by interval triage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Luckett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Doreen Ramogola-Masire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Devon A. Harris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Annika Gompers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Lapelo Ntshese
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bamalete Lutheran Hospital, Ramotswa, Botswana
| | - Anikie Mathoma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Maduke Kula
- National Cervical Cancer Prevention Program, Ministry of Health and Wellness Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Roger Shapiro
- Botswana Harvard Health Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elysia Larson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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11
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Mazurec K, Trzeszcz M, Mazurec M, Streb J, Halon A, Jach R. Triage Strategies for Non-16/Non-18 HPV-Positive Women in Primary HPV-Based Cervical Cancer Screening: p16/Ki67 Dual Stain vs. Cytology. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5095. [PMID: 37894462 PMCID: PMC10605570 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of primary HPV cervical cancer screening, the identification of minor screening abnormalities necessitates triage tests to optimize management and mitigate overtreatment. Currently, reflex cytology and reflex p16/Ki67 dual-stain (DS) are under scrutiny for their applicability in primary HPV-based screening. However, there remains a dearth of comprehensive data for comparing their performance. METHODS Among 30,066 results from liquid-based cervical cancer screening tests, a cohort of 332 cases was meticulously selected based on available high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) test results, limited genotyping for HPV 16 and 18, liquid-based cytology, DS, and histology outcomes from standardized colposcopy with biopsy. For cases positive for 12 other high-risk HPV genotypes, three retrospective triage approaches were analyzed. We computed the positive predictive value (PPV) for the detection of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (HSIL+). RESULTS Both triage models employing DS (reflex cytology followed by DS and reflex DS alone in all cases) exhibited significantly higher PPV for HSIL+ compared to the strategy with reflex cytology alone (35.9%/33.3% vs. 18.8%; p < 0.0001). Additionally, these DS-based models showed higher negative predictive values (NPV) (100%/96.2% vs. 69.2%; p = 0.0024/0.0079). In the DS-inclusive models, fewer colposcopies were necessitated (103/102 vs. 154), and fewer cases of HSIL+ were overlooked (0/3 vs. 8). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that p16/Ki67 dual-stain, either as a standalone or combined triage test, holds promise for the effective detection of HSIL+ in patients with minor screening abnormalities in primary HPV-based cervical cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Mazurec
- Corfamed Woman’s Health Center, Kluczborska 37, 50-322 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Martyna Trzeszcz
- Corfamed Woman’s Health Center, Kluczborska 37, 50-322 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Cytology, University Hospital in Wroclaw, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Mazurec
- Corfamed Woman’s Health Center, Kluczborska 37, 50-322 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Joanna Streb
- Department of Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 50, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Halon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Robert Jach
- Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 23, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
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12
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Batman S, Rangeiro R, Monteiro E, Changule D, Daud S, Ribeiro M, Tsambe E, Bila C, Osman N, Carrilho C, Neves A, Atif H, De Jesus C, Mariano A, Moretti-Marques R, Vieira M, Fontes-Cintra G, Lopes A, Batware JC, Luis E, Grover S, Baker E, Fellman B, Montealegre J, Castle PE, Jeronimo J, Chiao E, Lorenzoni C, Schmeler K, Salcedo MP. Expanding Cervical Cancer Screening in Mozambique: Challenges Associated With Diagnosing and Treating Cervical Cancer. JCO Glob Oncol 2023; 9:e2300139. [PMID: 37824802 PMCID: PMC10664858 DOI: 10.1200/go.23.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Mozambique has one of the highest burdens of cervical cancer globally. Treatment options are few as most women present with advanced disease, and there are limited trained health professionals and health care resources. The objective of this study was to describe the outcomes of women diagnosed with invasive cancer as part of the Mozambican women undergoing cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in conjunction with family planning services (MULHER) study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Women age 30-49 years were prospectively enrolled in the MULHER study and offered screening with primary HPV testing followed by treatment of screen-positive women with thermal ablation or excision as appropriate. Women with cervical examination findings suspicious for cancer were referred to one of the three gynecologic oncologists in the country. RESULTS Between January 2020 and January 2023, 9,014 women underwent cervical cancer screening and 30 women were diagnosed with cervical cancer. In this cohort, four patients (13.3%) had early-stage disease, 18 (60.0%) had locally advanced disease, one (3.3%) had distant metastatic disease, and seven (23.3%) did not have staging information available. Five patients (16.6%) died without receiving oncologic treatment, and seven patients (23.3%) are still awaiting treatment. Of the remaining 18 patients, three (17.6%) underwent surgery and four (23.5%) received radiotherapy. Eleven (36.7%) patients received only chemotherapy. CONCLUSION As cervical screening programs are implemented in low-resource settings, there will likely be an increase in the number of women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer. Our results in Mozambique demonstrate the need to increase access to advanced surgery, radiation, and palliative care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Batman
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Siro Daud
- Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | | | - Celso Bila
- Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | | | - Andrea Neves
- Jose Macamo General Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Hira Atif
- Maputo Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andre Lopes
- Instituto do Cancer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ellen Baker
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bryan Fellman
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Elizabeth Chiao
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Mila P. Salcedo
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Salek M, Silverstein A, Tilly A, Gassant PY, Gunasekera S, Hordofa DF, Hesson D, Duffy C, Malik N, McNeil M, Force LM, Bhakta N, Rodin D, Kaye EC. Factors influencing treatment decision-making for cancer patients in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18133-18152. [PMID: 37526041 PMCID: PMC10524036 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In this scoping review, we evaluated existing literature related to factors influencing treatment decision-making for patients diagnosed with cancer in low- and middle-income countries, noting factors that influence decisions to pursue treatment with curative versus non-curative intent. We identified an existing framework for adult cancer developed in a high-income country (HIC) context and described similar and novel factors relevant to low-and middle-income country settings. METHODS We used scoping review methodology to identify and synthesize existing literature on factors influencing decision-making for pediatric and adult cancer in these settings. Articles were identified through an advanced Boolean search across six databases, inclusive of all article types from inception through July 2022. RESULTS Seventy-nine articles were identified from 22 countries across six regions, primarily reporting the experiences of lower-middle and upper-middle-income countries. Included articles largely represented original research (54%), adult cancer populations (61%), and studied patients as the targeted population (51%). More than a quarter of articles focused exclusively on breast cancer (28%). Approximately 30% described factors that influenced decisions to choose between therapies with curative versus non-curative intent. Of 56 reported factors, 22 novel factors were identified. Socioeconomic status, reimbursement policies/cost of treatment, and treatment and supportive care were the most commonly described factors. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review expanded upon previously described factors that influence cancer treatment decision-making in HICs, broadening knowledge to include perspectives of low- and middle-income countries. While global commonalities exist, certain variables influence treatment choices differently or uniquely in different settings. Treatment regimens should further be tailored to local environments with consideration of contextual factors and accessible resources that often impact decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Salek
- Department of Global Pediatric MedicineSt Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Allison Silverstein
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Alyssa Tilly
- Division of General Medicine and Clinical EpidemiologyUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | - Sanjeeva Gunasekera
- Department of Paediatric OncologyNational Cancer InstituteMaharagamaSri Lanka
| | - Diriba Fufa Hordofa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child HealthJimma University Medical CenterJimmaEthiopia
| | - Donna Hesson
- Welch Medical LibraryJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Caitlyn Duffy
- Department of Global Pediatric MedicineSt Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Nauman Malik
- Department of Radiation OncologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michael McNeil
- Department of Global Pediatric MedicineSt Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Lisa M. Force
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/OncologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - Nickhill Bhakta
- Department of Global Pediatric MedicineSt Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Danielle Rodin
- Department of Radiation, OncologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Radiation Medicine ProgramPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreTorontoOntarioCanada
- Canada Global Cancer ProgramPrincess Margaret Cancer CentreTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Erica C. Kaye
- Department of OncologySt Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
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Rayner M, Welp A, Stoler MH, Cantrell LA. Cervical Cancer Screening Recommendations: Now and for the Future. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2273. [PMID: 37628471 PMCID: PMC10454304 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11162273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide, with over 600,000 new cases annually and approximately 350,000 cancer-related deaths per year. The disease burden is disproportionately distributed, with cancer-related mortality ranging from 5.2 deaths per 100,000 individuals in highly-developed countries, to 12.4 deaths per 100,000 in less-developed countries. This article is a review of the current screening recommendations and potential future recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leigh A. Cantrell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Diakite M, Shaw-Saliba K, Lau CY. Malignancy and viral infections in Sub-Saharan Africa: A review. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:1103737. [PMID: 37476029 PMCID: PMC10358275 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2023.1103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The burden of malignancy related to viral infection is increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In 2018, approximately 2 million new cancer cases worldwide were attributable to infection. Prevention or treatment of these infections could reduce cancer cases by 23% in less developed regions and about 7% in developed regions. Contemporaneous increases in longevity and changes in lifestyle have contributed to the cancer burden in SSA. African hospitals are reporting more cases of cancer related to infection (e.g., cervical cancer in women and stomach and liver cancer in men). SSA populations also have elevated underlying prevalence of viral infections compared to other regions. Of 10 infectious agents identified as carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, six are viruses: hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV, also known as human herpesvirus type 8, HHV-8). Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) also facilitates oncogenesis. EBV is associated with lymphomas and nasopharyngeal carcinoma; HBV and HCV are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma; KSHV causes Kaposi's sarcoma; HTLV-1 causes T-cell leukemia and lymphoma; HPV causes carcinoma of the oropharynx and anogenital squamous cell cancer. HIV-1, for which SSA has the greatest global burden, has been linked to increasing risk of malignancy through immunologic dysregulation and clonal hematopoiesis. Public health approaches to prevent infection, such as vaccination, safer injection techniques, screening of blood products, antimicrobial treatments and safer sexual practices could reduce the burden of cancer in Africa. In SSA, inequalities in access to cancer screening and treatment are exacerbated by the perception of cancer as taboo. National level cancer registries, new screening strategies for detection of viral infection and public health messaging should be prioritized in SSA's battle against malignancy. In this review, we discuss the impact of carcinogenic viruses in SSA with a focus on regional epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamadou Diakite
- University Clinical Research Center, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies, Bamako, Mali
| | - Kathryn Shaw-Saliba
- Collaborative Clinical Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chuen-Yen Lau
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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