1
|
Tanna J, McCann CD, Smith R, Pitino A, Asgedom A, Kong SL, Weiner YL, Bushnell K, Webb J, Hanley PJ. Environmental monitoring of current good manufacturing practices cleanroom facilities for manufacturing of cellular therapy products in an academic hospital setting. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00759-X. [PMID: 38944797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
As the field of cell and gene therapy (CGT) continues to grow, so too must the infrastructure and regulatory guidance supporting the manufacture of these potentially life-saving products-especially early-phase products manufactured at an increasing number of academic or hospital-based facilities providing decentralized (or point of care) manufacturing. An important component of current good manufacturing practices, including those regulating cell and gene therapies, is the establishment of an effective environmental monitoring (EM) program. While several guidelines for establishing an EM program are available, these guidelines do not specifically address the unique aspects of manufacturing CGT products and they do not provide real-world evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of the program. Here, we describe the establishment and evolution of an EM program in a cell therapy manufacturing facility at an academic hospital. With 10 years of EM data, we analyze the effectiveness for identifying trends in environmental conditions and highlight important findings, with the aim of providing practical evidence and guidance for the development of future early-phase EM programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Tanna
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Chase D McCann
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Rhonda Smith
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Adriana Pitino
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Almaz Asgedom
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Srey Leap Kong
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - You Lian Weiner
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kathryn Bushnell
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jennifer Webb
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lischer C, Eberhardt M, Flamann C, Berges J, Güse E, Wessely A, Weich A, Retzlaff J, Dörrie J, Schaft N, Wiesinger M, März J, Schuler-Thurner B, Knorr H, Gupta S, Singh KP, Schuler G, Heppt MV, Koch EAT, van Kleef ND, Freen-van Heeren JJ, Turksma AW, Wolkenhauer O, Hohberger B, Berking C, Bruns H, Vera J. Gene network-based and ensemble modeling-based selection of tumor-associated antigens with a predicted low risk of tissue damage for targeted immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008104. [PMID: 38724462 PMCID: PMC11086525 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated antigens and their derived peptides constitute an opportunity to design off-the-shelf mainline or adjuvant anti-cancer immunotherapies for a broad array of patients. A performant and rational antigen selection pipeline would lay the foundation for immunotherapy trials with the potential to enhance treatment, tremendously benefiting patients suffering from rare, understudied cancers. METHODS We present an experimentally validated, data-driven computational pipeline that selects and ranks antigens in a multipronged approach. In addition to minimizing the risk of immune-related adverse events by selecting antigens based on their expression profile in tumor biopsies and healthy tissues, we incorporated a network analysis-derived antigen indispensability index based on computational modeling results, and candidate immunogenicity predictions from a machine learning ensemble model relying on peptide physicochemical characteristics. RESULTS In a model study of uveal melanoma, Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) docking simulations and experimental quantification of the peptide-major histocompatibility complex binding affinities confirmed that our approach discriminates between high-binding and low-binding affinity peptides with a performance similar to that of established methodologies. Blinded validation experiments with autologous T-cells yielded peptide stimulation-induced interferon-γ secretion and cytotoxic activity despite high interdonor variability. Dissecting the score contribution of the tested antigens revealed that peptides with the potential to induce cytotoxicity but unsuitable due to potential tissue damage or instability of expression were properly discarded by the computational pipeline. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of the de novo computational selection of antigens with the capacity to induce an anti-tumor immune response and a predicted low risk of tissue damage. On translation to the clinic, our pipeline supports fast turn-around validation, for example, for adoptive T-cell transfer preparations, in both generalized and personalized antigen-directed immunotherapy settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lischer
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Eberhardt
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Cindy Flamann
- BZKF, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Berges
- BZKF, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Esther Güse
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Wessely
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adrian Weich
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jimmy Retzlaff
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Dörrie
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Niels Schaft
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Wiesinger
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes März
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beatrice Schuler-Thurner
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Knorr
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- CCC Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Krishna Pal Singh
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gerold Schuler
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Vincent Heppt
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elias Andreas Thomas Koch
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bettina Hohberger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- CCC Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heiko Bruns
- BZKF, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julio Vera
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sweeney EE, Sekhri P, Muniraj N, Chen J, Feng S, Terao J, Chin SJ, Schmidt DE, Bollard CM, Cruz CRY, Fernandes R. Photothermal Prussian blue nanoparticles generate potent multi-targeted tumor-specific T cells as an adoptive cell therapy. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10639. [PMID: 38818122 PMCID: PMC11135148 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Prussian blue nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PBNP-PTT) is an effective tumor treatment capable of eliciting an antitumor immune response. Motivated by the ability of PBNP-PTT to potentiate endogenous immune responses, we recently demonstrated that PBNP-PTT could be used ex vivo to generate tumor-specific T cells against glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines as an adoptive T cell therapy (ATCT). In this study, we further developed this promising T cell development platform. First, we assessed the phenotype and function of T cells generated using PBNP-PTT. We observed that PBNP-PTT facilitated CD8+ T cell expansion from healthy donor PBMCs that secreted IFNγ and TNFα and upregulated CD107a in response to engagement with target U87 cells, suggesting specific antitumor T cell activation and degranulation. Further, CD8+ effector and effector memory T cell populations significantly expanded after co-culture with U87 cells, consistent with tumor-specific effector responses. In orthotopically implanted U87 GBM tumors in vivo, PBNP-PTT-derived T cells effectively reduced U87 tumor growth and generated long-term survival in >80% of tumor-bearing mice by Day 100, compared to 0% of mice treated with PBS, non-specific T cells, or T cells expanded from lysed U87 cells, demonstrating an enhanced antitumor efficacy of this ATCT platform. Finally, we tested the generalizability of our approach by generating T cells targeting medulloblastoma (D556), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), and acute monocytic leukemia (THP-1) cell lines. The resulting T cells secreted IFNγ and exerted increased tumor-specific cytolytic function relative to controls, demonstrating the versatility of PBNP-PTT in generating tumor-specific T cells for ATCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E. Sweeney
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Palak Sekhri
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Nethaji Muniraj
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Jie Chen
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Sally Feng
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- George Washington Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Joshua Terao
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Samantha J. Chin
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- George Washington Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Danielle E. Schmidt
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Catherine M. Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Conrad Russell Y. Cruz
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- The Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| | - Rohan Fernandes
- Center for Cancer and Immunology ResearchChildren's National HospitalWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- George Washington Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xiang D, Zhou L, Yang R, Yuan F, Xu Y, Yang Y, Qiao Y, Li X. Advances in Ferroptosis-Inducing Agents by Targeted Delivery System in Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2091-2112. [PMID: 38476278 PMCID: PMC10929151 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s448715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, cancer remains one of the most significant threats to human health. Treatment of most cancers remains challenging, despite the implementation of diverse therapies in clinical practice. In recent years, research on the mechanism of ferroptosis has presented novel perspectives for cancer treatment. Ferroptosis is a regulated cell death process caused by lipid peroxidation of membrane unsaturated fatty acids catalyzed by iron ions. The rapid development of bio-nanotechnology has generated considerable interest in exploiting iron-induced cell death as a new therapeutic target against cancer. This article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements at the intersection of iron-induced cell death and bionanotechnology. In this respect, the mechanism of iron-induced cell death and its relation to cancer are summarized. Furthermore, the feasibility of a nano-drug delivery system based on iron-induced cell death for cancer treatment is introduced and analyzed. Secondly, strategies for inducing iron-induced cell death using nanodrug delivery technology are discussed, including promoting Fenton reactions, inhibiting glutathione peroxidase 4, reducing low glutathione levels, and inhibiting system Xc-. Additionally, the article explores the potential of combined treatment strategies involving iron-induced cell death and bionanotechnology. Finally, the application prospects and challenges of iron-induced nanoagents for cancer treatment are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debiao Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Resistance Microbial Drugs, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Resistance Microbial Drugs, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yilin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Resistance Microbial Drugs, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anti-Resistance Microbial Drugs, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
- The Clinical Application Research Institute of Antibiotics in Changsha, Changsha, Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pateraki P, Latsoudis H, Papadopoulou A, Gontika I, Fragiadaki I, Mavroudi I, Bizymi N, Batsali A, Klontzas ME, Xagorari A, Michalopoulos E, Sotiropoulos D, Yannaki E, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Papadaki HA. Perspectives for the Use of Umbilical Cord Blood in Transplantation and Beyond: Initiatives for an Advanced and Sustainable Public Banking Program in Greece. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1152. [PMID: 38398465 PMCID: PMC10889829 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13041152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The umbilical cord blood (UCB) donated in public UCB banks is a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) alternative to bone marrow for allogeneic HSC transplantation (HSCT). However, the high rejection rate of the donated units due to the strict acceptance criteria and the wide application of the haploidentical HSCT have resulted in significant limitation of the use of UCB and difficulties in the economic sustainability of the public UCB banks. There is an ongoing effort within the UCB community to optimize the use of UCB in the field of HSCT and a parallel interest in exploring the use of UCB for applications beyond HSCT i.e., in the fields of cell therapy, regenerative medicine and specialized transfusion medicine. In this report, we describe the mode of operation of the three public UCB banks in Greece as an example of an orchestrated effort to develop a viable UCB banking system by (a) prioritizing the enrichment of the national inventory by high-quality UCB units from populations with rare human leukocyte antigens (HLA), and (b) deploying novel sustainable applications of UCB beyond HSCT, through national and international collaborations. The Greek paradigm of the public UCB network may become an example for countries, particularly with high HLA heterogeneity, with public UCB banks facing sustainability difficulties and adds value to the international efforts aiming to sustainably expand the public UCB banking system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patra Pateraki
- Law Directorate of the Health Region of Crete, Ministry of Health, Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
- Public Cord Blood Bank of Crete, Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (I.G.); (I.F.); (I.M.); (N.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Helen Latsoudis
- Institute of Computer Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas (FORTH), 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Anastasia Papadopoulou
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Department of Hematology-HCT Unit, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Ioanna Gontika
- Public Cord Blood Bank of Crete, Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (I.G.); (I.F.); (I.M.); (N.B.); (A.B.)
- Hemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Irene Fragiadaki
- Public Cord Blood Bank of Crete, Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (I.G.); (I.F.); (I.M.); (N.B.); (A.B.)
- Hemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Irene Mavroudi
- Public Cord Blood Bank of Crete, Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (I.G.); (I.F.); (I.M.); (N.B.); (A.B.)
- Hemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Nikoleta Bizymi
- Public Cord Blood Bank of Crete, Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (I.G.); (I.F.); (I.M.); (N.B.); (A.B.)
- Hemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Aristea Batsali
- Public Cord Blood Bank of Crete, Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (I.G.); (I.F.); (I.M.); (N.B.); (A.B.)
- Hemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Michail E. Klontzas
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Medical Imaging, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Angeliki Xagorari
- Public Cord Blood Bank, Department of Hematology, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.X.); (D.S.)
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank (HCBB), Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.M.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Damianos Sotiropoulos
- Public Cord Blood Bank, Department of Hematology, George Papanikolaou Hospital, 57010 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.X.); (D.S.)
| | - Evangelia Yannaki
- Hemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank (HCBB), Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.M.); (C.S.-G.)
| | - Helen A. Papadaki
- Public Cord Blood Bank of Crete, Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (I.G.); (I.F.); (I.M.); (N.B.); (A.B.)
- Hemopoiesis Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lazarski CA, Hanley PJ. Review of flow cytometry as a tool for cell and gene therapy. Cytotherapy 2024; 26:103-112. [PMID: 37943204 PMCID: PMC10872958 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Quality control testing and analytics are critical for the development and manufacture of cell and gene therapies, and flow cytometry is a key quality control and analytical assay that is used extensively. However, the technical scope of characterization assays and safety assays must keep apace as the breadth of cell therapy products continues to expand beyond hematopoietic stem cell products into producing novel adoptive immune therapies and gene therapy products. Flow cytometry services are uniquely positioned to support the evolving needs of cell therapy facilities, as access to flow cytometers, new antibody clones and improved fluorochrome reagents becomes more egalitarian. This report will outline the features, logistics, limitations and the current state of flow cytometry within the context of cellular therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lazarski
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technology for Immunotherapy, Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Program for Cell Enhancement and Technology for Immunotherapy, Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li S, Xue P, Diao X, Fan QY, Ye K, Tang XM, Liu J, Huang ZY, Tang QH, Jia CY, Xin R, Lv ZW, Liu JB, Ma YS, Fu D. Identification and validation of functional roles for three MYC-associated genes in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Adv Res 2023; 54:133-146. [PMID: 36716957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrations in MYC underlie a large proportion of liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) cases; however, MYC is difficult to target because of its undruggable structure. We aimed to uncover MYC-associated molecular targets to provide new strategies for LIHC treatment. METHODS LIHC transcriptome datasets and clinical information were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. A series of bioinformatics analyses were performed for 370 patients who were stratified based on the median MYC expression level (high-MYC group and low-MYC group). Correlation analysis was performed to determine relationships between the expression of key MYC-associated genes and prognosis, DNA promotor methylation, and immune cell infiltration. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway enrichment analyses were performed to elucidate the functions of these genes in LIHC. Their expression and functions in LIHC were further verified using transgenic mice overexpressing c-Myc under control of the hepatocyte-specific promoter (Alb-Cre). RESULTS AURKB, CCNB2, and CDKN3 were overexpressed in LIHC patients with high MYC expression and were associated with poor prognosis. Upregulation of these 3 genes was significantly correlated with hypomethylated promoter status, advanced T stage, metastasis, and immune cell infiltration in LIHC patients. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that these genes participate in the "p53 signaling pathway" and "cell cycle". Furthermore, RT-PCR and IHC analysis revealed that their mRNA and protein expression levels were upregulated in an Alb-Cre;cMYClsl/- mouse model. Drugs that target these 3 MYC-related genes were identified. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results identify biomarkers of potential utility for managing liver cancer therapy owing to their significance in tumorigenesis, proliferation, and tumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226631, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Central Laboratory, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, Hunan Province, China
| | - Pei Xue
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xun Diao
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226631, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qi-Yu Fan
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226631, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kun Ye
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China; Uro-Oncology Institute of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Tang
- General Surgery, Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jia Liu
- General Surgery, Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhong-Yan Huang
- General Surgery, Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qing-Hai Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region and College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Cheng-You Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Rui Xin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Zhong-Wei Lv
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Institute of Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226631, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yu-Shui Ma
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Da Fu
- General Surgery, Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zappa E, Vitali A, Anders K, Molenaar JJ, Wienke J, Künkele A. Adoptive cell therapy in paediatric extracranial solid tumours: current approaches and future challenges. Eur J Cancer 2023; 194:113347. [PMID: 37832507 PMCID: PMC10695178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.113347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has ignited hope to cure paediatric solid tumours that resist traditional therapies. Among the most promising methods is adoptive cell therapy (ACT). Particularly, ACT using T cells equipped with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has moved into the spotlight in clinical studies. However, the efficacy of ACT is challenged by ACT-intrinsic factors, like lack of activation or T cell exhaustion, as well as immune evasion strategies of paediatric solid tumours, such as their highly immunosuppressive microenvironment. Novel strategies, including ACT using innate-like lymphocytes, innovative cell engineering techniques, and ACT combination therapies, are being developed and will be crucial to overcome these challenges. Here, we discuss the main classes of ACT for the treatment of paediatric extracranial solid tumours, reflect on the available preclinical and clinical evidence supporting promising strategies, and address the challenges that ACT is still facing. Ultimately, we highlight state-of-the-art developments and opportunities for new therapeutic options, which hold great potential for improving outcomes in this challenging patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zappa
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alice Vitali
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Kathleen Anders
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan J Molenaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Wienke
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Annette Künkele
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xiao J, Huang F, Li L, Zhang L, Xie L, Liu B. Expression of four cancer-testis antigens in TNBC indicating potential universal immunotherapeutic targets. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:15003-15011. [PMID: 37610673 PMCID: PMC10602960 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunotherapy is an attractive treatment for breast cancer. Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are potential targets for immunotherapy for their restricted expression. Here, we investigate the expression of CTAs in breast cancer and their value for prognosis. So as to hunt for a potential panel of CTAs for universal immunotherapeutic targets. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 137 breast cancer tissue specimens including 51 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) were assessed for MAGE-A4, MAGEA1, NY-ESO-1, KK-LC-1 and PRAME expression by immunohistochemistry. The expression of PD-L1 and TILs was also calculated and correlated with the five CTAs. Clinical data were collected to evaluate the CTA's value for prognosis. Data from the K-M plotter were used as a validation cohort. RESULTS The expression of MAGE-A4, NY-ESO-1 and KK-LC-1 in TNBC was significantly higher than in non-TNBC (P = 0.012, P = 0.005, P < 0.001 respectively). 76.47% of TNBC expressed at least one of the five CTAs. Patients with positive expression of either MAGE-A4 or PRAME had a significantly extended disease-free survival (DFS). Data from the Kaplan-Meier plotter confirm our findings. CONCLUSIONS MAGE-A4, NY-ESO-1, PRAME and KK-LC-1 are overexpressed in breast cancer, especially in TNBC. Positive expression of MAGE-A4 or PARME may be associated with prolonged DFS. A panel of CTAs is attractive universal targets for immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengli Huang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Lianru Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Xie
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Baorui Liu
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Molvi Z, Klatt MG, Dao T, Urraca J, Scheinberg DA, O'Reilly RJ. The landscape of MHC-presented phosphopeptides yields actionable shared tumor antigens for cancer immunotherapy across multiple HLA alleles. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006889. [PMID: 37775115 PMCID: PMC10546156 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-006889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Certain phosphorylated peptides are differentially presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on cancer cells characterized by aberrant phosphorylation. Phosphopeptides presented in complex with the human leukocyte antigen HLA-A*02:01 provide a stability advantage over their non-phosphorylated counterparts. This stability is thought to contribute to enhanced immunogenicity. Whether tumor-associated phosphopeptides presented by other common alleles exhibit immunogenicity and structural characteristics similar to those presented by A*02:01 is unclear. Therefore, we determined the identity, structural features, and immunogenicity of phosphopeptides presented by the prevalent alleles HLA-A*03:01, HLA-A*11:01, HLA-C*07:01, and HLA-C*07:02. METHODS We isolated peptide-MHC complexes by immunoprecipitation from 11 healthy and neoplastic tissue samples using mass spectrometry, and then combined the resulting data with public immunopeptidomics data sets to assemble a curated set of phosphopeptides presented by 96 samples spanning 20 distinct healthy and neoplastic tissue types. We determined the biochemical features of selected phosphopeptides by in vitro binding assays and in silico docking, and their immunogenicity by analyzing healthy donor T cells for phosphopeptide-specific multimer binding and cytokine production. RESULTS We identified a subset of phosphopeptides presented by HLA-A*03:01, A*11:01, C*07:01 and C*07:02 on multiple tumor types, particularly lymphomas and leukemias, but not healthy tissues. These phosphopeptides are products of genes essential to lymphoma and leukemia survival. The presented phosphopeptides generally exhibited similar or worse binding to A*03:01 than their non-phosphorylated counterparts. HLA-C*07:01 generally presented phosphopeptides but not their unmodified counterparts. Phosphopeptide binding to HLA-C*07:01 was dependent on B-pocket interactions that were absent in HLA-C*07:02. While HLA-A*02:01 and HLA-A*11:01 phosphopeptide-specific T cells could be readily detected in an autologous setting even when the non-phosphorylated peptide was co-presented, HLA-A*03:01 or HLA-C*07:01 phosphopeptides were repeatedly non-immunogenic, requiring use of allogeneic T cells to induce phosphopeptide-specific T cells. CONCLUSIONS Phosphopeptides presented by multiple alleles that are differentially expressed on tumors constitute tumor-specific antigens that could be targeted for cancer immunotherapy, but the immunogenicity of such phosphopeptides is not a general feature. In particular, phosphopeptides presented by HLA-A*02:01 and A*11:01 exhibit consistent immunogenicity, while phosphopeptides presented by HLA-A*03:01 and C*07:01, although appropriately presented, are not immunogenic. Thus, to address an expanded patient population, phosphopeptide-targeted immunotherapies should be wary of allele-specific differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Molvi
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martin G Klatt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical 13 Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tao Dao
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Urraca
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - David A Scheinberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard J O'Reilly
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Geller JI, Hong AL, Vallance KL, Evageliou N, Aldrink JH, Cost NG, Treece AL, Renfro LA, Mullen EA. Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Renal tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70 Suppl 6:e30586. [PMID: 37477907 PMCID: PMC10529605 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Every year, approximately 600 infants, children, and adolescents are diagnosed with renal cancer in the United States. In addition to Wilms tumor (WT), which accounts for about 80% of all pediatric renal cancers, clear cell sarcoma of the kidney, renal cell carcinoma, malignant rhabdoid tumor, as well as more rare cancers (other sarcomas, rare carcinomas, lymphoma) and benign tumors can originate within the kidney. WT itself can be divided into favorable histology (FHWT), with a 5-year overall survival (OS) exceeding 90%, and anaplastic histology, with 4-year OS of 73.7%. Outcomes of the other pediatric renal cancers include clear cell sarcoma (5-year OS: 90%), malignant rhabdoid tumor (5-year OS: 10% for stages 3 and 4), and renal cell carcinoma (4-year OS: 84.8%). Recent clinical trials have identified novel biological prognostic markers for FHWT, and a series of Children's Oncology Group (COG) trials have demonstrated improving outcomes with therapy modification, and opportunities for further care refinement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James I Geller
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kelly L Vallance
- Hematology and Oncology, Cook Children's Medical Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Nick Evageliou
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer H Aldrink
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas G Cost
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology and the Surgical Oncology Program at Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Amy L Treece
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth A Mullen
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Blood Disorders and Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kitko CL, Bollard CM, Cairo MS, Chewning J, Fry TJ, Pulsipher MA, Shenoy S, Wall DA, Levine JE. Children's Oncology Group's 2023 blueprint for research: Cellular therapy and stem cell transplantation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70 Suppl 6:e30577. [PMID: 37480158 PMCID: PMC10527977 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Since the publication of the last Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Transplant blueprint in 2013, Children's Oncology Group cellular therapy-based trials advanced the field and created new standards of care across a wide spectrum of pediatric cancer diagnoses. Key findings include that tandem autologous transplant improved survival for patients with neuroblastoma and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid brain tumors, one umbilical cord blood (UCB) donor was safer than two UCB donors, killer immunoglobulin receptor (KIR) mismatched donors did not improve survival for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia when in vivo T-cell depletion is used, and the depth of remission as measured by next-generation sequencing-based minimal residual disease assessment pretransplant was the best predictor of relapse for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Plans for the next decade include optimizing donor selection for transplants for acute leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome, using novel engineered cellular therapies to target a wide array of malignancies, and developing better treatments for cellular therapy toxicities such as viral infections and graft-vs-host disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L. Kitko
- Pediatric Stem Cell Transplant Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Mitchell S. Cairo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Maria Fareri Children's Hospital, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, NY
| | - Joseph Chewning
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Terry J. Fry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Michael A. Pulsipher
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Intermountain Primary Children’s Hospital, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Spencer Fox Eccles School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Shalini Shenoy
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Donna A. Wall
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - John E. Levine
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Einloth KR, Gayfield S, McMaster T, Didier A, Dworkin L, Creeden JF. The application, safety, and future of ex vivo immune cell therapies and prognosis in different malignancies. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 13:439-455. [PMID: 38022382 PMCID: PMC10676524 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.27521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Immunotherapy has revolutionized how cancer is treated. Many of these immunotherapies rely on ex vivo expansion of immune cells, classically T cells. Still, several immunological obstacles remain, including tumor impermeability by immune cells and the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Logistically, high costs of treatment and variable clinical responses have also plagued traditional T cell-based immunotherapies. Methods To review the existing literature on cellular immunotherapy, the PubMed database was searched for publications using variations of the phrases "cancer immunotherapy", "ex vivo expansion", and "adoptive cell therapy". The Clinicaltrials.gov database was searched for clinical trials related to ex vivo cellular therapies using the same phrases. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for cancer treatment were also referenced. Results To circumvent the challenges of traditional T cell-based immunotherapies, researchers have developed newer therapies including tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL), chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), T cell receptor (TCR) modified T cell, and antibody-armed T cell therapies. Additionally, newer immunotherapeutic strategies have used other immune cells, including natural killer (NK) and dendritic cells (DC), to modulate the T cell immune response to cancers. From a prognostic perspective, circulating tumor cells (CTC) have been used to predict cancer morbidity and mortality. Conclusion This review highlights the mechanism and clinical utility of various types of ex vivo cellular therapies in the treatment of cancer. Comparing these therapies or using them in combination may lead to more individualized and less toxic chemotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn R. Einloth
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Scott Gayfield
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Thomas McMaster
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Alexander Didier
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Lance Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Justin Fortune Creeden
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ortiz MV, Koenig C, Armstrong AE, Brok J, de Camargo B, Mavinkurve-Groothuis AMC, Herrera TBV, Venkatramani R, Woods AD, Dome JS, Spreafico F. Advances in the clinical management of high-risk Wilms tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70 Suppl 2:e30342. [PMID: 37096797 PMCID: PMC10857813 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes are excellent for the majority of patients with Wilms tumors (WT). However, there remain WT subgroups for which the survival rate is approximately 50% or lower. Acknowledging that the composition of this high-risk group has changed over time reflecting improvements in therapy, we introduce the authors' view of the historical and current approach to the classification and treatment of high-risk WT. For this review, we consider high-risk WT to include patients with newly diagnosed metastatic blastemal-type or diffuse anaplastic histology, those who relapse after having been initially treated with three or more different chemotherapeutics, or those who relapse more than once. In certain low- or low middle-income settings, socio-economic factors expand the definition of what constitutes a high-risk WT. As conventional therapies are inadequate to cure the majority of high-risk WT patients, advancement of laboratory and early-phase clinical investigations to identify active agents is urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christa Koenig
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amy E Armstrong
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jesper Brok
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beatriz de Camargo
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rajkumar Venkatramani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew D Woods
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Dome
- Division of Oncology, Children's National Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Filippo Spreafico
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Märkl F, Benmebarek MR, Keyl J, Cadilha BL, Geiger M, Karches C, Obeck H, Schwerdtfeger M, Michaelides S, Briukhovetska D, Stock S, Jobst J, Müller PJ, Majed L, Seifert M, Klüver AK, Lorenzini T, Grünmeier R, Thomas M, Gottschlich A, Klaus R, Marr C, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Rothenfusser S, Levesque MP, Heppt MV, Endres S, Klein C, Kobold S. Bispecific antibodies redirect synthetic agonistic receptor modified T cells against melanoma. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006436. [PMID: 37208128 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is an immune sensitive disease, as demonstrated by the activity of immune check point blockade (ICB), but many patients will either not respond or relapse. More recently, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy has shown promising efficacy in melanoma treatment after ICB failure, indicating the potential of cellular therapies. However, TIL treatment comes with manufacturing limitations, product heterogeneity, as well as toxicity problems, due to the transfer of a large number of phenotypically diverse T cells. To overcome said limitations, we propose a controlled adoptive cell therapy approach, where T cells are armed with synthetic agonistic receptors (SAR) that are selectively activated by bispecific antibodies (BiAb) targeting SAR and melanoma-associated antigens. METHODS Human as well as murine SAR constructs were generated and transduced into primary T cells. The approach was validated in murine, human and patient-derived cancer models expressing the melanoma-associated target antigens tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) and melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP) (CSPG4). SAR T cells were functionally characterized by assessing their specific stimulation and proliferation, as well as their tumor-directed cytotoxicity, in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS MCSP and TYRP1 expression was conserved in samples of patients with treated as well as untreated melanoma, supporting their use as melanoma-target antigens. The presence of target cells and anti-TYRP1 × anti-SAR or anti-MCSP × anti-SAR BiAb induced conditional antigen-dependent activation, proliferation of SAR T cells and targeted tumor cell lysis in all tested models. In vivo, antitumoral activity and long-term survival was mediated by the co-administration of SAR T cells and BiAb in a syngeneic tumor model and was further validated in several xenograft models, including a patient-derived xenograft model. CONCLUSION The SAR T cell-BiAb approach delivers specific and conditional T cell activation as well as targeted tumor cell lysis in melanoma models. Modularity is a key feature for targeting melanoma and is fundamental towards personalized immunotherapies encompassing cancer heterogeneity. Because antigen expression may vary in primary melanoma tissues, we propose that a dual approach targeting two tumor-associated antigens, either simultaneously or sequentially, could avoid issues of antigen heterogeneity and deliver therapeutic benefit to patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Märkl
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mohamed-Reda Benmebarek
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julius Keyl
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bruno L Cadilha
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Geiger
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Clara Karches
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hannah Obeck
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Schwerdtfeger
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanos Michaelides
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daria Briukhovetska
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophia Stock
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Jobst
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Jie Müller
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lina Majed
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Seifert
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristina Klüver
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Theo Lorenzini
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Grünmeier
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz Thomas
- Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Adrian Gottschlich
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Richard Klaus
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Dr. v. Haunersches Kinderspital, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten Marr
- Institute of AI for Health, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Rothenfusser
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mitchell P Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Markus Vincent Heppt
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefan Endres
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Department of Medicine IV, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ortiz MV, Koenig C, Armstrong AE, Brok J, de Camargo B, Mavinkurve-Groothuis AMC, Herrera TBV, Venkatramani R, Woods AD, Dome JS, Spreafico F. Advances in the clinical management of high-risk Wilms tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30153. [PMID: 36625399 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes are excellent for the majority of patients with Wilms tumors (WT). However, there remain WT subgroups for which the survival rate is approximately 50% or lower. Acknowledging that the composition of this high-risk group has changed over time reflecting improvements in therapy, we introduce the authors' view of the historical and current approach to the classification and treatment of high-risk WT. For this review, we consider high-risk WT to include patients with newly diagnosed metastatic blastemal-type or diffuse anaplastic histology, those who relapse after having been initially treated with three or more different chemotherapeutics, or those who relapse more than once. In certain low- or low middle-income settings, socio-economic factors expand the definition of what constitutes a high-risk WT. As conventional therapies are inadequate to cure the majority of high-risk WT patients, advancement of laboratory and early-phase clinical investigations to identify active agents is urgently needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Ortiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christa Koenig
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Amy E Armstrong
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jesper Brok
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.,Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Beatriz de Camargo
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Program, Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rajkumar Venkatramani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew D Woods
- Children's Cancer Therapy Development Institute, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Dome
- Division of Oncology, Children's National Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Filippo Spreafico
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Molvi Z, Klatt MG, Dao T, Urraca J, Scheinberg DA, O’Reilly RJ. The landscape of MHC-presented phosphopeptides yields actionable shared tumor antigens for cancer immunotherapy across multiple HLA alleles. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.08.527552. [PMID: 36798179 PMCID: PMC9934604 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.08.527552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Certain phosphorylated peptides are differentially presented by MHC molecules on cancer cells characterized by aberrant phosphorylation. Phosphopeptides presented in complex with the human leukocyte antigen HLA-A*02:01 provide a stability advantage over their nonphosphorylated counterparts. This stability is thought to contribute to enhanced immunogenicity. Whether tumor-associated phosphopeptides presented by other common alleles exhibit immunogenicity and structural characteristics similar to those presented by A*02:01 is unclear. Therefore, we determined the identity, structural features, and immunogenicity of phosphopeptides presented by the prevalent alleles HLA-A*03:01, -A*11:01, -C*07:01, and - C*07:02. Methods We isolated peptide-MHC complexes by immunoprecipitation from 10 healthy and neoplastic tissue samples using mass spectrometry, and then combined the resulting data with public immunopeptidomics datasets to assemble a curated set of phosphopeptides presented by 20 distinct healthy and neoplastic tissue types. We determined the biochemical features of selected phosphopeptides by in vitro binding assays and in silico docking, and their immunogenicity by analyzing healthy donor T cells for phosphopeptide-specific multimer binding and cytokine production. Results We identified a subset of phosphopeptides presented by HLA-A*03:01, A*11:01, C*07:01 and C*07:02 on multiple tumor types, particularly lymphomas and leukemias, but not healthy tissues. These phosphopeptides are products of genes essential to lymphoma and leukemia survival. The presented phosphopeptides generally exhibited similar or worse binding to A*03:01 than their nonphosphorylated counterparts. HLA-C*07:01 generally presented phosphopeptides but not their unmodified counterparts. Phosphopeptide binding to HLA-C*07:01 was dependent on B- pocket interactions that were absent in HLA-C*07:02. While HLA-A*02:01 and -A*11:01 phosphopeptide-specific T cells could be readily detected in an autologous setting even when the nonphosphorylated peptide was co-presented, HLA-A*03:01 or -C*07:01 phosphopeptides were repeatedly nonimmunogenic, requiring use of allogeneic T cells to induce phosphopeptide- specific T cells. Conclusions Phosphopeptides presented by multiple alleles that are differentially expressed on tumors constitute tumor-specific antigens that could be targeted for cancer immunotherapy, but the immunogenicity of such phosphopeptides is not a general feature. In particular, phosphopeptides presented by HLA-A*02:01 and A*11:01 exhibit consistent immunogenicity, while phosphopeptides presented by HLA-A*03:01 and C*07:01, although appropriately presented, are not immunogenic. Thus, to address an expanded patient population, phosphopeptide-targeted immunotherapies should be wary of allele-specific differences. What is already known on this topic - Phosphorylated peptides presented by the common HLA alleles A*02:01 and B*07:02 are differentially expressed by multiple tumor types, exhibit structural fitness due to phosphorylation, and are targets of healthy donor T cell surveillance, but it is not clear, however, whether such features apply to phosphopeptides presented by other common HLA alleles. What this study adds - We investigated the tumor presentation, binding, structural features, and immunogenicity of phosphopeptides to the prevalent alleles A*03:01, A*11:01, C*07:01, and C*07:02, selected on the basis of their presentation by malignant cells but not normal cells. We found tumor antigens derived from genetic dependencies in lymphomas and leukemias that bind HLA-A3, -A11, -C7 molecules. While we could detect circulating T cell responses in healthy individuals to A*02:01 and A*11:01 phosphopeptides, we did not find such responses to A*03:01 or C*07:01 phosphopeptides, except when utilizing allogeneic donor T cells, indicating that these phosphopeptides may not be immunogenic in an autologous setting but can still be targeted by other means. How this study might affect research, practice or policy - An expanded patient population expressing alleles other than A*02:01 can be addressed through the development of immunotherapies specific for phosphopeptides profiled in the present work, provided the nuances we describe between alleles are taken into consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Molvi
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Martin G. Klatt
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité- University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tao Dao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jessica Urraca
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - David A. Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY, USA
| | - Richard J. O’Reilly
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
- Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Merhi M, Ahmad F, Taib N, Inchakalody V, Uddin S, Shablak A, Dermime S. The complex network of transcription factors, immune checkpoint inhibitors and stemness features in colorectal cancer: A recent update. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 89:1-17. [PMID: 36621515 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunity is regulated by several mechanisms that include co-stimulatory and/or co-inhibitory molecules known as immune checkpoints expressed by the immune cells. In colorectal cancer (CRC), CTLA-4, LAG3, TIM-3 and PD-1 are the major co-inhibitory checkpoints involved in tumor development and progression. On the other hand, the deregulation of transcription factors and cancer stem cells activity plays a major role in the development of drug resistance and in the spread of metastatic disease in CRC. In this review, we describe how the modulation of such transcription factors affects the response of CRC to therapies. We also focus on the role of cancer stem cells in tumor metastasis and chemoresistance and discuss both preclinical and clinical approaches for targeting stem cells to prevent their tumorigenic effect. Finally, we provide an update on the clinical applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors in CRC and discuss the regulatory effects of transcription factors on the expression of the immune inhibitory checkpoints with specific focus on the PD-1 and PD-L1 molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maysaloun Merhi
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fareed Ahmad
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nassiba Taib
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Varghese Inchakalody
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute and Dermatology Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alaaeldin Shablak
- National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Said Dermime
- Translational Cancer Research Facility, Translational Research Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zang B, Ding L, Liu L, Arun Kumar S, Liu W, Zhou C, Duan Y. The immunotherapy advancement targeting malignant blastomas in early childhood. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1015115. [PMID: 36874100 PMCID: PMC9978522 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1015115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant blastomas develop relentlessly in all functional body organs inflicting severe health ailments in younger children. Malignant blastomas exhibit diverse clinical characteristics in compliance with their emergence in functional body organs. Surprisingly, neither of these preferred treatment types (surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy) showed promise or were effective in treating malignant blastomas among child patients. N ew, innovative immunotherapeutic procedures including monoclonal antibodies and chimeric-antigen based receptor (CAR) cell therapy, coupled with the clinical study of reliable therapeutic targets and immune regulatory pathways targeting malignant blastomas, have attracted the attention of clinicians recently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Zang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Luyue Ding
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Senthil Arun Kumar
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chongchen Zhou
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongtao Duan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hont AB, Dumont B, Sutton KS, Anderson J, Kentsis A, Drost J, Hong AL, Verschuur A. The tumor microenvironment and immune targeting therapy in pediatric renal tumors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 70 Suppl 2:e30110. [PMID: 36451260 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the role of several immunomodulating elements contributing to the tumor microenvironment of various pediatric renal tumors including Wilms tumor. The roles of innate and adaptive immune cells in renal tumors are summarized as well as immunomodulatory cytokines and other proteins. The expression and the predictive role of checkpoint modulators like PD-L1 and immunomodulating proteins like glypican-3, B7-H3, COX-2 are highlighted with a translational view toward potential therapeutic innovations. We further discuss the current state of preclinical models in advancing this field of study. Finally, examples of clinical trials of immunomodulating strategies such as monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells for relapsed/refractory/progressive pediatric renal tumors are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy B Hont
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's National Hospital, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Benoit Dumont
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Institute, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon, France
| | - Kathryn S Sutton
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John Anderson
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Tow Center for Developmental Oncology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jarno Drost
- Princess Máxima Center and Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew L Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Arnauld Verschuur
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hôpital d'Enfants de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gordon OM, Terpilowski M, Dulman R, Keller MD, Burbelo PD, Cohen JI, Bollard CM, Dave H. Robust immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in a pediatric patient with B-Cell ALL receiving tisagenlecleucel. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 39:571-579. [PMID: 35135442 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2022.2035864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recipients of anti-CD19 targeted therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell are considered at high risk for complicated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection due to prolonged B cell aplasia and immunosuppression. These patients represent a unique cohort and so far, immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 have not been well characterized in this setting. We report a pediatric patient with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) who had asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection while receiving blinatumomab, followed by lymphodepletion (LD) and tisagenlecleucel, a CD19 targeting CAR-T therapy. The patient had a complete response to tisagenlecleucel, did not develop cytokine release syndrome, or worsening of SARS-CoV-2 during therapy. The patient had evidence of ongoing persistence of IgG antibody responses to spike and nucleocapsid after LD followed by tisagenlecleucel despite the B-cell aplasia. Further we were able to detect SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells recognizing multiple viral structural proteins for several months following CAR-T. The T-cell response was polyfunctional and predominantly CD4 restricted. This data has important implications for the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 immunity in patients with impaired immune systems and the potential application of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell therapeutics to treat patients with blood cancers who receive B cell depleting therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oren M Gordon
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Madeline Terpilowski
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robin Dulman
- Pediatric Specialists of Virginia, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Michael D Keller
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Peter D Burbelo
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Cohen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hema Dave
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
T-Cell-Based Cellular Immunotherapy of Multiple Myeloma: Current Developments. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174249. [PMID: 36077787 PMCID: PMC9455067 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Over the past two decades, there has been significant progress in the treatment of multiple myeloma. Starting with the approval of bortezomib and lenalidomide, followed by newer agents in the same classes, monoclonal antibodies, and most recently idecabtagene vicleucel and ciltacabtagene autoleucel, which are genetically engineered autologous T-cell-based therapies, our view of this disease has changed from incurable to controllable and potentially curable. In addition to multiple myeloma and B-cell lymphomas, T-cell-based therapies are also actively investigated in various types of hematological and non-hematological malignancies and are considered one of the most impactful evolutions in cancer therapeutics. This review aims to summarize existing data regarding the efficacy, toxicity, and management of unique adverse events in T-cell-based therapies that are both clinically available and under investigation. We will also address undergoing efforts to improve the survival outcomes of multiple myeloma patients through this treatment modality. Abstract T-cell-based cellular therapy was first approved in lymphoid malignancies (B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and large B-cell lymphoma) and expanding its investigation and application both in hematological and non-hematological malignancies. Two anti-BCMA (B cell maturation antigen) CAR (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) T-cell therapies have been recently approved for relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma with excellent efficacy even in the heavily pre-treated patient population. This new therapeutic approach significantly changes our practice; however, there is still room for further investigation to optimize antigen receptor engineering, cell harvest/selection, treatment sequence, etc. They are also associated with unique adverse events, especially CRS (cytokine release syndrome) and ICANS (immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome), which are not seen with other anti-myeloma therapies and require expertise for management and prevention. Other T-cell based therapies such as TCR (T Cell Receptor) engineered T-cells and non-genetically engineered adoptive T-cell transfers (Vγ9 Vδ2 T-cells and Marrow infiltrating lymphocytes) are also actively studied and worth attention. They can potentially overcome therapeutic challenges after the failure of CAR T-cell therapy through different mechanisms of action. This review aims to provide readers clinical data of T-cell-based therapies for multiple myeloma, management of unique toxicities and ongoing investigation in both clinical and pre-clinical settings.
Collapse
|
23
|
Hoyos V, Vasileiou S, Kuvalekar M, Watanabe A, Tzannou I, Velazquez Y, French-Kim M, Leung W, Lulla S, Robertson C, Foreman C, Wang T, Bulsara S, Lapteva N, Grilley B, Ellis M, Osborne CK, Coscio A, Nangia J, Heslop HE, Rooney CM, Vera JF, Lulla P, Rimawi M, Leen AM. Multi-antigen-targeted T-cell therapy to treat patients with relapsed/refractory breast cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221107113. [PMID: 35860837 PMCID: PMC9290161 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221107113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adoptively transferred, ex vivo expanded multi-antigen-targeted T cells (multiTAA-T) represent a new, potentially effective, and nontoxic therapeutic approach for patients with breast cancer (BC). In this first-in-human trial, we investigated the safety and clinical effects of administering multiTAA T cells targeting the tumor-expressed antigens, Survivin, NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A4, SSX2, and PRAME, to patients with relapsed/refractory/metastatic BC. Materials and methods MultiTAA T-cell products were generated from the peripheral blood of heavily pre-treated patients with metastatic or locally recurrent unresectable BC of all subtypes and infused at a fixed dose level of 2 × 107/m2. Patients received two infusions of cells 4 weeks apart and safety and clinical activity were determined. Cells were administered in an outpatient setting and without prior lymphodepleting chemotherapy. Results All patients had estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor positive BC, with one patient also having human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive. There were no treatment-related toxicities and the infusions were well tolerated. Of the 10 heavily pre-treated patients enrolled and infused with multiTAA T cells, nine had disease progression while one patient with 10 lines of prior therapies experienced prolonged (5 months) disease stabilization that was associated with the in vivo expansion and persistence of T cells directed against the targeted antigens. Furthermore, antigen spreading and the endogenous activation of T cells directed against a spectrum of non-targeted tumor antigens were observed in 7/10 patients post-multiTAA infusion. Conclusion MultiTAA T cells were well tolerated and induced disease stabilization in a patient with refractory BC. This was associated with in vivo T-cell expansion, persistence, and antigen spreading. Future directions of this approach may include additional strategies to enhance the therapeutic benefit of multiTAA T cells in patients with BC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Hoyos
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Ave, Feigin Center 17th Floor. Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Spyridoula Vasileiou
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manik Kuvalekar
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ayumi Watanabe
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ifigeneia Tzannou
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yovana Velazquez
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew French-Kim
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wingchi Leung
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suhasini Lulla
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Catherine Robertson
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudette Foreman
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shaun Bulsara
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalia Lapteva
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bambi Grilley
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Ellis
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Charles Kent Osborne
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angela Coscio
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Julie Nangia
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Helen E. Heslop
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cliona M. Rooney
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juan F. Vera
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Premal Lulla
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mothaffar Rimawi
- Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | - Ann M. Leen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children’s Hospital and Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The generation and application of antigen-specific T cell therapies for cancer and viral-associated disease. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2130-2152. [PMID: 35149193 PMCID: PMC9171249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy with antigen-specific T cells is a promising, targeted therapeutic option for patients with cancer as well as for immunocompromised patients with virus infections. In this review, we characterize and compare current manufacturing protocols for the generation of T cells specific to viral and non-viral tumor-associated antigens. Specifically, we discuss: (1) the different methodologies to expand virus-specific T cell and non-viral tumor-associated antigen-specific T cell products, (2) an overview of the immunological principles involved when developing such manufacturing protocols, and (3) proposed standardized methodologies for the generation of polyclonal, polyfunctional antigen-specific T cells irrespective of donor source. Ex vivo expanded cells have been safely administered to treat numerous patients with virus-associated malignancies, hematologic malignancies, and solid tumors. Hence, we have performed a comprehensive review of the clinical trial results evaluating the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of these products in the clinic. In summary, this review seeks to provide new insights regarding antigen-specific T cell technology to benefit a rapidly expanding T cell therapy field.
Collapse
|
25
|
Molvi Z, O'Reilly RJ. Allogeneic Tumor Antigen-Specific T Cells for Broadly Applicable Adoptive Cell Therapy of Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2022; 183:131-159. [PMID: 35551658 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96376-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
T cells specific for major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presented tumor antigens are capable of inducing durable remissions when adoptively transferred to patients with refractory cancers presenting such antigens. When such T cells are derived from healthy donors, they can be banked for off-the-shelf administration in appropriately tissue matched patients. Therefore, tumor antigen-specific, donor-derived T cells are expected to be a mainstay in the cancer immunotherapy armamentarium. In this chapter, we analyze clinical evidence that tumor antigen-specific donor-derived T cells can induce tumor regressions when administered to appropriately matched patients whose tumors are refractory to standard therapy. We also delineate the landscape of MHC-presented and unconventional tumor antigens recognized by T cells in healthy individuals that have been targeted for adoptive T cell therapy, as well as emerging antigens for which mounting evidence suggests their utility as targets for adoptive T cell therapy. We discuss the growing technological advancements that have facilitated sequence identification of such antigens and their cognate T cells, and applicability of such technologies in the pre-clinical and clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Molvi
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Richard J O'Reilly
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kinoshita H, Cooke KR, Grant M, Stanojevic M, Cruz CR, Keller M, Fortiz MF, Hoq F, Lang H, Barrett AJ, Liang H, Tanna J, Zhang N, Shibli A, Datar A, Fulton K, Kukadiya D, Zhang A, Williams KM, Dave H, Dome JS, Jacobsohn D, Hanley PJ, Jones RJ, Bollard CM. Outcome of donor-derived TAA-T cell therapy in patients with high-risk or relapsed acute leukemia post allogeneic BMT. Blood Adv 2022; 6:2520-2534. [PMID: 35244681 PMCID: PMC9043933 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with hematologic malignancies relapsing after allogeneic blood or marrow transplantation (BMT) have limited response to conventional salvage therapies, with an expected 1-year overall survival (OS) of <20%. We evaluated the safety and clinical outcomes following administration of a novel T-cell therapeutic targeting 3 tumor-associated antigens (TAA-T) in patients with acute leukemia who relapsed or were at high risk of relapse after allogeneic BMT. Lymphocytes obtained from the BMT donor were manufactured to target TAAs WT1, PRAME, and survivin, which are over-expressed and immunogenic in most hematologic malignancies. Patients received TAA-T infusions at doses of 0.5 to 4 × 107/m2. Twenty-three BMT recipients with relapsed/refractory (n = 11) and/or high-risk (n = 12) acute myeloid leukemia (n = 20) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 3) were infused posttransplant. No patient developed cytokine-release syndrome or neurotoxicity, and only 1 patient developed grade 3 graft-versus-host disease. Of the patients who relapsed post-BMT and received bridging therapy, the majority (n = 9/11) achieved complete hematologic remission before receiving TAA-T. Relapsed patients exhibited a 1-year OS of 36% and 1-year leukemia-free survival of 27.3% post-TAA-T. The poorest prognosis patients (relapsed <6 months after transplant) exhibited a 1-year OS of 42.8% postrelapse (n = 7). Median survival was not reached for high-risk patients who received preemptive TAA-T posttransplant (n = 12). Although as a phase 1 study, concomitant antileukemic therapy was allowed, TAA-T were safe and well tolerated, and sustained remissions in high-risk and relapsed patients were observed. Moreover, adoptively transferred TAA-T detected by T-cell receptor V-β sequencing persisted up to at least 1 year postinfusion. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02203903.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kinoshita
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Division of Oncology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Kenneth R. Cooke
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Melanie Grant
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Maja Stanojevic
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - C. Russell Cruz
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, George Washington Cancer Center, Washington, DC
| | - Michael Keller
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Maria Fernanda Fortiz
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Fahmida Hoq
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Haili Lang
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - A. John Barrett
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, George Washington Cancer Center, Washington, DC
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Statistics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; and
| | - Jay Tanna
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Nan Zhang
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Abeer Shibli
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Anushree Datar
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Kenneth Fulton
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Divyesh Kukadiya
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Anqing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Kirsten M. Williams
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Aflac Cancer & Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hema Dave
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Division of Oncology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Jeffrey S. Dome
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Division of Oncology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - David Jacobsohn
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Patrick J. Hanley
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Richard J. Jones
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Catherine M. Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Research Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Program, George Washington Cancer Center, Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hong B, Dong R. Research advances in the targeted therapy and immunotherapy of Wilms tumor: a narrative review. Transl Cancer Res 2022; 10:1559-1567. [PMID: 35116480 PMCID: PMC8799117 DOI: 10.21037/tcr-20-3302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Wilms tumor is the most common pediatric abdominal solid tumor, and its treatment has been a focus of research. For now, the 5-year survival rate of children with Wilms tumor is about 90%. It is difficult to make further progress simply by the improvement of the existing treatments (multi-modal therapy). Therefore, targeted therapy and immunotherapy which have high accuracy and few side effects began to be considered for the treatment of Wilms tumor. At present, though targeted therapy and immunotherapy are rarely used in the treatment of Wilms tumor except in clinical trials, there are dozens of clinical trials research them around the world. The sites in targeted therapy research are mainly focused on insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) pathway, anti-angiogenesis, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway, and some miRNAs, etc. And there are three types of study in Wilms tumor immunotherapy, which are inhibition of the COX-2 pathway, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, and multi-tumor associated antigen (TAA)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) therapy. Among them, the phase I clinical trial of multi-TAA-specific CTL (MTAA-CTL) therapy has been completed, and the results are very satisfactory. In this narrative review, we review the basic research and relevant clinical research on targeted therapy and immunotherapy for Wilms tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect, and Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dave H, Terpilowski M, Mai M, Toner K, Grant M, Stanojevic M, Lazarski C, Shibli A, Bien SA, Maglo P, Hoq F, Schore R, Glenn M, Hu B, Hanley PJ, Ambinder R, Bollard CM. Tumor-associated antigen-specific T cells with nivolumab are safe and persist in vivo in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood Adv 2022; 6:473-485. [PMID: 34495306 PMCID: PMC8791594 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) Reed Sternberg cells express tumor-associated antigens (TAA) that are potential targets for cellular therapies. We recently demonstrated that TAA-specific T cells (TAA-Ts) targeting WT1, PRAME, and Survivin were safe and associated with prolonged time to progression in solid tumors. Hence, we evaluated whether TAA-Ts when given alone or with nivolumab were safe and could elicit antitumor effects in vivo in patients with relapsed/refractory (r/r) HL. Ten patients were infused with TAA-Ts (8 autologous and 2 allogeneic) for active HL (n = 8) or as adjuvant therapy after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (n = 2). Six patients received nivolumab priming before TAA-Ts and continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. All 10 products recognized 1 or more TAAs and were polyfunctional. Patients were monitored for safety for 6 weeks after the TAA-Ts and for response until disease progression. The infusions were safe with no clear dose-limiting toxicities. Patients receiving TAA-Ts as adjuvant therapy remain in continued remission at 3+ years. Of the 8 patients with active disease, 1 patient had a complete response and 7 had stable disease at 3 months, 3 of whom remain with stable disease at 1 year. Antigen spreading and long-term persistence of TAA-Ts in vivo were observed in responding patients. Nivolumab priming impacted TAA-T recognition and persistence. In conclusion, treatment of patients with r/r HL with TAA-Ts alone or in combination with nivolumab was safe and produced promising results. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT022039303 and #NCT03843294.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hema Dave
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Madeline Terpilowski
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Mimi Mai
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Keri Toner
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Melanie Grant
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Maja Stanojevic
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Christopher Lazarski
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Abeer Shibli
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | | | - Philip Maglo
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Fahmida Hoq
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Reuven Schore
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Martha Glenn
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute/University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Boyu Hu
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, Huntsman Cancer Institute/University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT; and
| | - Patrick J. Hanley
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | | | - Catherine M. Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Conde E, Vercher E, Soria-Castellano M, Suarez-Olmos J, Mancheño U, Elizalde E, Rodriguez ML, Glez-Vaz J, Casares N, Rodríguez-García E, Hommel M, González-Aseguinolaza G, Uranga-Murillo I, Pardo J, Alkorta G, Melero I, Lasarte J, Hervas-Stubbs S. Epitope spreading driven by the joint action of CART cells and pharmacological STING stimulation counteracts tumor escape via antigen-loss variants. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-003351. [PMID: 34810235 PMCID: PMC8609946 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Target antigen (Ag) loss has emerged as a major cause of relapse after chimeric antigen receptor T (CART)-cell therapy. We reasoned that the combination of CART cells, with the consequent tumor debulking and release of Ags, together with an immunomodulatory agent, such as the stimulator of interferon gene ligand (STING-L) 2′3′-cyclic GMP-AMP (2′3′-cGAMP), may facilitate the activation of an endogenous response to secondary tumor Ags able to counteract this tumor escape mechanism. Methods Mice bearing B16-derived tumors expressing prostate-specific membrane Ag or gp75 were treated systemically with cognate CART cells followed by intratumoral injections of 2′3′-cGAMP. We studied the target Ag inmunoediting by CART cells and the effect of the CART/STING-L combination on the control of STING-L-treated and STING-L-non-treated tumors and on the endogenous antitumor T-cell response. The role of Batf3-dependent dendritic cells (DCs), stimulator of interferon gene (STING) signaling and perforin (Perf)-mediated killing in the efficacy of the combination were analyzed. Results Using an immune-competent solid tumor model, we showed that CART cells led to the emergence of tumor cells that lose the target Ag, recreating the cancer immunoediting effect of CART-cell therapy. In this setting, the CART/STING-L combination, but not the monotherapy with CART cells or STING-L, restrained tumor progression and enhanced overall survival, showing abscopal effects on distal STING-L-non-treated tumors. Interestingly, a secondary immune response against non-chimeric antigen receptor-targeted Ags (epitope spreading), as determined by major histocompatibility complex-I-tetramer staining, was fostered and its intensity correlated with the efficacy of the combination. This was consistent with the oligoclonal expansion of host T cells, as revealed by in-depth T-cell receptor repertoire analysis. Moreover, only in the combination group did the activation of endogenous T cells translate into a systemic antitumor response. Importantly, the epitope spreading and the antitumor effects of the combination were fully dependent on host STING signaling and Batf3-dependent DCs, and were partially dependent on Perf release by CART cells. Interestingly, the efficacy of the CART/STING-L treatment also depended on STING signaling in CART cells. Conclusions Our data show that 2′3′-cGAMP is a suitable adjuvant to combine with CART-cell therapy, allowing the induction of an endogenous T-cell response that prevents the outgrowth of Ag-loss tumor variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Conde
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enric Vercher
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marta Soria-Castellano
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jesús Suarez-Olmos
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Uxua Mancheño
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Edurne Elizalde
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Luis Rodriguez
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Glez-Vaz
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Noelia Casares
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Rodríguez-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Programa de Terapia Génica y Regulación de la Expresión Génica, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mirja Hommel
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Programa de Terapia Génica y Regulación de la Expresión Génica, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria González-Aseguinolaza
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Programa de Terapia Génica y Regulación de la Expresión Génica, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iratxe Uranga-Murillo
- Microbiología Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julian Pardo
- Microbiología Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA), Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundacion ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Gorka Alkorta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIMA LAB Diagnostics, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,Immunología e Immunoterapia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Lasarte
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sandra Hervas-Stubbs
- Programa de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain .,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Rivero-Hinojosa S, Grant M, Panigrahi A, Zhang H, Caisova V, Bollard CM, Rood BR. Proteogenomic discovery of neoantigens facilitates personalized multi-antigen targeted T cell immunotherapy for brain tumors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6689. [PMID: 34795224 PMCID: PMC8602676 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoantigen discovery in pediatric brain tumors is hampered by their low mutational burden and scant tissue availability. Here we develop a proteogenomic approach combining tumor DNA/RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry proteomics to identify tumor-restricted (neoantigen) peptides arising from multiple genomic aberrations to generate a highly target-specific, autologous, personalized T cell immunotherapy. Our data indicate that aberrant splice junctions are the primary source of neoantigens in medulloblastoma, a common pediatric brain tumor. Proteogenomically identified tumor-specific peptides are immunogenic and generate MHC II-based T cell responses. Moreover, polyclonal and polyfunctional T cells specific for tumor-specific peptides effectively eliminate tumor cells in vitro. Targeting tumor-specific antigens obviates the issue of central immune tolerance while potentially providing a safety margin favoring combination with other immune-activating therapies. These findings demonstrate the proteogenomic discovery of immunogenic tumor-specific peptides and lay the groundwork for personalized targeted T cell therapies for children with brain tumors. Targeting tumor-associated antigens in paediatric medulloblastomas (MB) is challenging due to their low mutational burden. Here, the authors develop a sensitive proteogenomic approach to identify tumour specific neoantigens, which may enable personalised T cell immunotherapy in paediatric MB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rivero-Hinojosa
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Melanie Grant
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA.,Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aswini Panigrahi
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Veronika Caisova
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA.,George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brian R Rood
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA. .,George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
Results of immunotherapy in childhood solid cancer have been so far, with the exception of neuroblastoma, quite disappointing. Lack of knowledge of the immune contexture of these tumors may have contributed to the failure of immunotherapies so far. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature regarding the immunology of Wilms tumor (WT), one of the most frequent pediatric solid tumors of the abdomen. In Wilms tumor patients the high cure rate of >90%, achieved by the combination of surgery and radio-chemotherapy, is at the expense of a high early and late toxicity. Moreover, treatment-resistant entities, such as diffuse anaplastic tumors or recurrent disease, still pose unsolved clinical problems. Successful immunotherapy could represent a novel and possibly less-toxic treatment option. Employing the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) method of literature search, we analyzed the current knowledge of the immunological landscape of Wilms tumors in terms of tumor microenvironment, prognostic implications of single biomarkers, and immunotherapy response.
Collapse
|
32
|
The Immune Privilege of Cancer Stem Cells: A Key to Understanding Tumor Immune Escape and Therapy Failure. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092361. [PMID: 34572009 PMCID: PMC8469208 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are broadly considered immature, multipotent, tumorigenic cells within the tumor mass, endowed with the ability to self-renew and escape immune control. All these features contribute to place CSCs at the pinnacle of tumor aggressiveness and (immune) therapy resistance. The immune privileged status of CSCs is induced and preserved by various mechanisms that directly affect them (e.g., the downregulation of the major histocompatibility complex class I) and indirectly are induced in the host immune cells (e.g., activation of immune suppressive cells). Therefore, deeper insights into the immuno-biology of CSCs are essential in our pursuit to find new therapeutic opportunities that eradicate cancer (stem) cells. Here, we review and discuss the ability of CSCs to evade the innate and adaptive immune system, as we offer a view of the immunotherapeutic strategies adopted to potentiate and address specific subsets of (engineered) immune cells against CSCs.
Collapse
|
33
|
Stanojevic M, Hont AB, Geiger A, O'Brien S, Ulrey R, Grant M, Datar A, Lee PH, Lang H, Cruz CRY, Hanley PJ, Barrett AJ, Keller MD, Bollard CM. Identification of novel HLA-restricted preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma peptides to facilitate off-the-shelf tumor-associated antigen-specific T-cell therapies. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:694-703. [PMID: 33832817 PMCID: PMC8316284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is a cancer/testis antigen that is overexpressed in many human malignancies and poorly expressed or absent in healthy tissues, making it a good target for anti-cancer immunotherapy. Development of an effective off-the-shelf adoptive T-cell therapy for patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors and hematological malignancies expressing PRAME antigen requires the identification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II PRAME antigens recognized by the tumor-associated antigen (TAA) T-cell product. The authors therefore set out to extend the repertoire of HLA-restricted PRAME peptide epitopes beyond the few already characterized. METHODS Peptide libraries of 125 overlapping 15-mer peptides spanning the entire PRAME protein sequence were used to identify HLA class I- and II-restricted epitopes. The authors also determined the HLA restriction of the identified epitopes. RESULTS PRAME-specific T-cell products were successfully generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 12 healthy donors. Ex vivo-expanded T cells were polyclonal, consisting of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which elicited anti-tumor activity in vitro. Nine MHC class I-restricted PRAME epitopes were identified (seven novel and two previously described). The authors also characterized 16 individual 15-mer peptide sequences confirmed as CD4-restricted epitopes. CONCLUSIONS TAA T cells derived from healthy donors recognize a broad range of CD4+ and CD8+ HLA-restricted PRAME epitopes, which could be used to select suitable donors for generating off-the-shelf TAA-specific T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Stanojevic
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amy B Hont
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ashley Geiger
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Samuel O'Brien
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robert Ulrey
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Melanie Grant
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anushree Datar
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ping-Hsien Lee
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Haili Lang
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Conrad R Y Cruz
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - A John Barrett
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael D Keller
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Poli E, Cattelan M, Zanetti I, Scagnellato A, Giordano G, Zin A, Bisogno G, Bonvini P. Autoantibody profiling of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma patients unveils tumor-associated antigens with diagnostic and prognostic significance. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1954765. [PMID: 34367733 PMCID: PMC8312597 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1954765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a highly aggressive subtype of childhood cancer for which efficacious treatments are needed. Immunotherapy represents a new therapeutic opportunity to pursue, but it requires the identification of worthwhile tumor antigens. Herein, we exploited the capacity of ARMS autoantibodies to recognize tumor self-antigens, probing human protein microarrays with plasma from ARMS patients and healthy subjects. We assessed the autoantibody response in ARMS, validated data with independent techniques, and estimated autoantibodies diagnostic and prognostic significance by receiver-operator characteristic curves (ROC), uni- and multivariate analysis. Of the 48 tumor antigens identified, General Transcription Factor II-I (GTF2i) and Protocadherin Gamma Subfamily C5 (PCDHGC5) were selected as candidate targets to validate tumor-restricted antigen expression and autoantibody reactivity through an independent technique and wider cohort of cases. GTF2i and PCDHGC5 overexpression was observed in tumor tissues compared to normal counterparts, and anti-GTF2i and -PCDHGC5 autoantibodies were found able to distinguish ARMS patients from healthy subjects as well as cases with different histology. Moreover, low levels of PCDHGC5 autoantibodies characterized patients with worse event-free survival and proved to be an independent negative prognostic factor. This approach provided the first comprehensive autoantibody profile of ARMS, gave novel insights into the immune response of this malignancy and paved the way toward novel potential antibody-based therapeutic applications suitable to improve the survival of ARMS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Poli
- Department of Woman's and Children's Health Hematology and Oncology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Manuela Cattelan
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanetti
- Department of Woman's and Children's Health Hematology and Oncology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Angela Scagnellato
- Department of Woman's and Children's Health Hematology and Oncology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giordano
- Department of Woman's and Children's Health Hematology and Oncology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città Della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelica Zin
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città Della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Department of Woman's and Children's Health Hematology and Oncology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonvini
- Institute of Pediatric Research (IRP), Fondazione Città Della Speranza, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Koukoulias K, Papadopoulou A, Kouimtzidis A, Papayanni PG, Papaloizou A, Sotiropoulos D, Yiangou M, Costeas P, Anagnostopoulos A, Yannaki E, Kaloyannidis P. Non-transplantable cord blood units as a source for adoptive immunotherapy of leukaemia and a paradigm of circular economy in medicine. Br J Haematol 2021; 194:158-167. [PMID: 34036576 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advances in immunotherapy with T cells armed with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-Ts), opened up new horizons for the treatment of B-cell lymphoid malignancies. However, the lack of appropriate targetable antigens on the malignant myeloid cell deprives patients with refractory acute myeloid leukaemia of effective CAR-T therapies. Although non-engineered T cells targeting multiple leukaemia-associated antigens [i.e. leukaemia-specific T cells (Leuk-STs)] represent an alternative approach, the prerequisite challenge to obtain high numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) for large-scale Leuk-ST generation, limits their clinical implementation. We explored the feasibility of generating bivalent-Leuk-STs directed against Wilms tumour 1 (WT1) and preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) from umbilical cord blood units (UCBUs) disqualified for allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. By repurposing non-transplantable UCBUs and optimising culture conditions, we consistently produced at clinical scale, both cluster of differentiation (CD)34+ cell-derived myeloid DCs and subsequently polyclonal bivalent-Leuk-STs. Those bivalent-Leuk-STs contained CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets predominantly of effector memory phenotype and presented high specificity and cytotoxicity against both WT1 and PRAME. In the present study, we provide a paradigm of circular economy by repurposing unusable UCBUs and a platform for future banking of Leuk-STs, as a 'third-party', 'off-the-shelf' T-cell product for the treatment of acute leukaemias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiriakos Koukoulias
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematology Department-HCT Unit, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia Papadopoulou
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematology Department-HCT Unit, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Kouimtzidis
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematology Department-HCT Unit, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Penelope-Georgia Papayanni
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematology Department-HCT Unit, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Damianos Sotiropoulos
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematology Department-HCT Unit, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Minas Yiangou
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Achilles Anagnostopoulos
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematology Department-HCT Unit, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Yannaki
- Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Hematology Department-HCT Unit, George Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panayotis Kaloyannidis
- Adult Hematology and Stem cell Transplantation Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Balakrishnan PB, Sweeney EE. Nanoparticles for Enhanced Adoptive T Cell Therapies and Future Perspectives for CNS Tumors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:600659. [PMID: 33833751 PMCID: PMC8021848 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.600659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy has emerged as a revolutionary immunotherapy for treating cancer. Despite immense promise and clinical success in some hematologic malignancies, limitations remain that thwart its efficacy in solid tumors. Particularly in tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), T cell therapy is often restricted by the difficulty in intratumoral delivery across anatomical niches, suboptimal T cell specificity or activation, and intratumoral T cell dysfunction due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TMEs). Nanoparticles may offer several advantages to overcome these limitations of T cell therapy, as they can be designed to robustly and specifically activate T cells ex vivo prior to adoptive transfer, to encapsulate T cell stimulating agents for co-localized stimulation, and to be conjugated onto T cells for added functionality. This perspective highlights recent preclinical advances in using nanoparticles to enhance T cell therapy, and discusses the potential applicability and constraints of nanoparticle-enhanced T cells as a new platform for treating CNS tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Preethi Bala Balakrishnan
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Elizabeth E Sweeney
- The George Washington University Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Marron TU, Ryan AE, Reddy SM, Kaczanowska S, Younis RH, Thakkar D, Zhang J, Bartkowiak T, Howard R, Anderson KG, Olson D, Naqash AR, Patel RB, Sachdev E, Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Sheffer M, Church S, Fuhrman C, Overacre-Delgoffe A, Nguyen R, Florou V, Thaxton JE, Aggen DH, Guerriero JL. Considerations for treatment duration in responders to immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2020-001901. [PMID: 33653801 PMCID: PMC7929825 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved overall survival for cancer patients, however, optimal duration of ICI therapy has yet to be defined. Given ICIs were first used to treat patients with metastatic melanoma, a condition that at the time was incurable, little attention was initially paid to how much therapy would be needed for a durable response. As the early immunotherapy trials have matured past 10 years, a significant per cent of patients have demonstrated durable responses; it is now time to determine whether patients have been overtreated, and if durable remissions can still be achieved with less therapy, limiting the physical and financial toxicity associated with years of treatment. Well-designed trials are needed to identify optimal duration of therapy, and to define biomarkers to predict who would benefit from shorter courses of immunotherapy. Here, we outline key questions related to health, financial and societal toxicities of over treating with ICI and present four unique clinical trials aimed at exposing criteria for early cessation of ICI. Taken together, there is a serious liability to overtreating patients with ICI and future work is warranted to determine when it is safe to stop ICI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas U Marron
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aideen E Ryan
- Discipline of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sangeetha M Reddy
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sabina Kaczanowska
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rania H Younis
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, and the Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Division UMGBCCC, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dipti Thakkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Hummingbird Bioscience, Singapore
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd Bartkowiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Rachel Howard
- Health Informatics, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kristin G Anderson
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Olson
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Abdul Rafeh Naqash
- Division of Cancer Treatment And Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ravi B Patel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Esha Sachdev
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Maria E Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Radiation Oncology, Clinica Universidad de Navarra Departamento de Oncologia Medica, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Michal Sheffer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Church
- Transitional Sciences, NanoString Technologies Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher Fuhrman
- Transitional Sciences, NanoString Technologies Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Abigail Overacre-Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rosa Nguyen
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vaia Florou
- Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jessica E Thaxton
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - David H Aggen
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer L Guerriero
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA .,Breast Tumor Immunology Laboratory, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Brok J, Mavinkurve-Groothuis AMC, Drost J, Perotti D, Geller JI, Walz AL, Geoerger B, Pasqualini C, Verschuur A, Polanco A, Jones KP, van den Heuvel-Eibrink M, Graf N, Spreafico F. Unmet needs for relapsed or refractory Wilms tumour: Mapping the molecular features, exploring organoids and designing early phase trials - A collaborative SIOP-RTSG, COG and ITCC session at the first SIOPE meeting. Eur J Cancer 2020; 144:113-122. [PMID: 33341445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Wilms tumour (WT) accounts for about 6% of all childhood cancers and overall survival of WT is about 90% in international protocols. However, for WT subgroups with much poorer prognoses, i.e. typically high-risk (unfavorable) histology and/or relapse, there is an unmet need to better understand the biology of WT and to translate biological findings into clinics through early phase clinical trials that evaluate innovative therapies. The main challenges are the small numbers of children suitable for early phase trials, the genetic heterogeneity of WT and the low number of somatic mutations that are currently considered 'druggable'. Accordingly, a joint meeting between clinical and biology experts from the international cooperative groups of the Renal Tumour Study Group of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology, the Renal Tumour Committee of the Children's Oncology Group and the European Innovative Therapies for Children with Cancer consortium and parents representatives was organised during the first SIOPE meeting in Prague, 2019. We reviewed WT molecular features, ongoing/planned early phase trials and explored available knowledge on organoid technology. The key messages were: (1) relapsed WT should undergo whenever possible thorough molecular characterization and be enrolled in protocols or trials with systematic data collecting and reporting; (2) WT displays few known 'actionable' targets and currently no novel agent has appeared promising; (3) we need to improve the enrolment rate of WT candidates in early phase trials especially for the relatively small subgroup of relapses with an adverse prognostic signature; (4) despite some agnostic early phase trials existing, development of WT-focused trials are warranted; (5) growing organoids with parallel testing of drug panels seems feasible and may direct individual treatment and encourage clinical researchers to incorporate the most promising agents into early phase trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Brok
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK; Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark Division of Pediatric Oncology, Denmark.
| | | | - Jarno Drost
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela Perotti
- Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - James I Geller
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amy L Walz
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Birgit Geoerger
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, INSERM U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Claudia Pasqualini
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Oncology, INSERM U1015, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Arnauld Verschuur
- Dept. of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hôpital D'Enfants de La Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Angela Polanco
- National Cancer Research Institute Children's Group Consumer Representative, London, UK
| | - Kathy P Jones
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, UK
| | | | - Norbert Graf
- Dept. Haematology and Oncology, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany
| | - Filippo Spreafico
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Pediatric Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Davies SI, Barrett J, Wong S, Chang MJ, Muranski PJ, Brownell I. Robust Production of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Oncogene Specific T Cells From Healthy Donors for Adoptive Transfer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592721. [PMID: 33362774 PMCID: PMC7756016 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus positive Merkel cell carcinoma (VP-MCC) is an aggressive but immunogenic skin malignancy driven by Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) T antigen (TAg). Since adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) can be effective against virus-driven malignancies, we set out to develop a methodology for generating MCPyV TAg specific T cells. MCPyV is a common, asymptomatic infection and virus-exposed healthy donors represent a potential source of MCPyV TAg specific T cells for ACT. Virus specific T cells were generated using monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) pulsed with MCPyV TAg peptide libraries and co-cultured with autologous T cells in supplemented with pro-inflammatory and homeostatic cytokines for 14 days. Specific reactivity was observed predominantly within the CD4+ T cell compartment in the cultures generated from 21/46 random healthy donors. Notably, responses were more often seen in donors aged 50 years and older. TAg specific CD4+ T cells specifically secreted Th1 cytokines and upregulated CD137 upon challenge with MCPyV TAg peptide libraries and autologous transduced antigen presenting cells. Expanded T cells from healthy donors recognized epitopes of both TAg splice variants found in VP-MCC tumors, and minimally expressed exhaustion markers. Our data show that MCPyV specific T cells can be expanded from healthy donors using methods appropriate for the manufacture of clinical grade ACT products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I Davies
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States.,Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Susan Wong
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mark Jesse Chang
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Pawel J Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Columbia Center for Translational Immunology (CCTI), Cellular Immunotherapy Laboratory, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Isaac Brownell
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hernandez Tejada FN, Zamudio A, Marques-Piubelli ML, Cuglievan B, Harrison D. Advances in the Management of Pediatric Sarcomas. Curr Oncol Rep 2020; 23:3. [PMID: 33196879 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00995-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prognosis of pediatric patients who present with metastatic or recurrent sarcomas remains poor. In this review, we summarize the advances in the management of metastatic and relapsed pediatric sarcoma by highlighting recent and future clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Research into the identification of novel therapies for refractory pediatric sarcomas continues to advance. Outcomes have not improved in several decades underlying a need for improved understanding of the biology behind these tumors and the identification of novel therapeutic molecular targets that can be exploited pharmacologically. Multiple challenges remain for novel therapy in sarcomas such as the selection of effective targets, management of toxicities, and the tumor microenvironment. Many unique challenges remain in the treatment of patients with refractory pediatric sarcomas. Multiple strategies and targets are under investigation that hold promise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorela N Hernandez Tejada
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alejandro Zamudio
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Mario L Marques-Piubelli
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Branko Cuglievan
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Douglas Harrison
- Division of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cable J, Greenbaum B, Pe'er D, Bollard CM, Bruni S, Griffin ME, Allison JP, Wu CJ, Subudhi SK, Mardis ER, Brentjens R, Sosman JA, Cemerski S, Zavitsanou AM, Proia T, Egeblad M, Nolan G, Goswami S, Spranger S, Mackall CL. Frontiers in cancer immunotherapy-a symposium report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1489:30-47. [PMID: 33184911 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has dramatically changed the approach to cancer treatment. The aim of targeting the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells has afforded many patients the prospect of achieving deep, long-term remission and potential cures. However, many challenges remain for achieving the goal of effective immunotherapy for all cancer patients. Checkpoint inhibitors have been able to achieve long-term responses in a minority of patients, yet improving response rates with combination therapies increases the possibility of toxicity. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells have demonstrated high response rates in hematological cancers, although most patients experience relapse. In addition, some cancers are notoriously immunologically "cold" and typically are not effective targets for immunotherapy. Overcoming these obstacles will require new strategies to improve upon the efficacy of current agents, identify biomarkers to select appropriate therapies, and discover new modalities to expand the accessibility of immunotherapy to additional tumor types and patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Greenbaum
- Computational Oncology, Program for Computational Immuno-Oncology, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, New York
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Sofia Bruni
- Laboratory of Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matthew E Griffin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University New York, New York, New York
| | - James P Allison
- Immunotherapy Platform and Department of Immunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Catherine J Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sumit K Subudhi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elaine R Mardis
- The Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Renier Brentjens
- Department of Medicine and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeffry A Sosman
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | | | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Garry Nolan
- Baxter Laboratory in Stem Cell Biology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, California
| | - Sangeeta Goswami
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stefani Spranger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Biology Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, California.,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Casey DL, Cheung NKV. Immunotherapy of Pediatric Solid Tumors: Treatments at a Crossroads, with an Emphasis on Antibodies. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:161-166. [PMID: 32015013 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, immunotherapy has rapidly changed the therapeutic landscape and prognosis for many hematologic malignancies and adult solid tumors. Despite this success, immunotherapy for pediatric solid tumors remains in the early stages of development, and significant clinical benefit has yet to be realized, with anti-GD2 for neuroblastoma being the exception. The limited neoepitope expression and paucity of T-cell infiltration into the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment have hampered current established immunotherapies. Emerging approaches to recruit T cells, to convert phenotypically "cold" into "inflamed" tumors, and to vastly improve therapeutic indices hold exceptional promise. Here, we review these approaches, highlighting the role of the tumor microenvironment and novel antibody platforms to maximize the full clinical potential of immunotherapy in pediatric oncology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana L Casey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lazarski CA, Datar AA, Reynolds EK, Keller MD, Bollard CM, Hanley PJ. Identification of new cytokine combinations for antigen-specific T-cell therapy products via a high-throughput multi-parameter assay. Cytotherapy 2020; 23:65-76. [PMID: 32921560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Infusion of viral-specific T cells (VSTs) is an effective treatment for viral infection after stem cell transplant. Current manufacturing approaches are rapid, but growth conditions can still be further improved. To optimize VST cell products, the authors designed a high-throughput flow cytometry-based assay using 40 cytokine combinations in a 96-well plate to fully characterize T-cell viability, function, growth and differentiation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from six consenting donors were seeded at 100 000 cells per well with pools of cytomegalovirus peptides from IE1 and pp65 and combinations of IL-15, IL-6, IL-21, interferon alpha, IL-12, IL-18, IL-4 and IL-7. Ten-day cultures were tested by 13-color flow cytometry to evaluate viable cell count, lymphocyte phenotype, memory markers and interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) expression. Combinations of IL-15/IL-6 and IL-4/IL-7 were optimal for the expansion of viral-specific CD3+ T cells, (18-fold and 14-fold, respectively, compared with unstimulated controls). CD8+ T cells expanded 24-fold in IL-15/IL-6 and 9-fold in IL-4/IL-7 cultures (P < 0.0001). CD4+ T cells expanded 27-fold in IL-4/IL-7 and 15-fold in IL-15/IL-6 (P < 0.0001). CD45RO+ CCR7- effector memory (CD45RO+ CCR7- CD3+), central memory (CD45RO+ CCR7+ CD3+), terminal effector (CD45RO- CCR7- CD3+), and naive (CD45RO- CCR7+ CD3+). T cells were the preponderant cells (76.8% and 72.3% in IL-15/IL-6 and IL-15/IL-7 cultures, respectively). Cells cultured in both cytokine conditions were potent, with 19.4% of CD3+ cells cultured in IL-15/IL-6 producing IFNγ (7.6% producing both TNFα and IFNγ) and 18.5% of CD3+ cells grown in IL-4/IL-7 producing IFNγ (9% producing both TNFα and IFNγ). This study shows the utility of this single-plate assay to rapidly identify optimal growth conditions for VST manufacture using only 107 PBMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lazarski
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Anushree A Datar
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emily K Reynolds
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael D Keller
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; The George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA; The George Washington University Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen Q, Jia G, Zhao X, Bao Y, Zhang Y, Ozkan C, Minev B, Ma W. Novel Survivin Peptides Screened With Computer Algorithm Induce Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes With Higher Cytotoxic Efficiency to Cancer Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:570003. [PMID: 33102521 PMCID: PMC7496070 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.570003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in advanced cancer is critical for improving cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. Survivin (SV) is highly expressed predominantly in most cancer cells and tissues but is absent or undetectable in terminally differentiated normal adult tissues. Therefore, it functions as an almost universal tumor antigen. Peptides are short chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. To obtain novel SV decamers that are able to induce SV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with a higher cytotoxic efficiency against cancer cells, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) peptide binding algorithms were conducted to predict nine modified SV95 decamers (from SV95–2 to SV95–10) based on the natural SV95–104 peptide sequence of ELTLGEFLKL (here defined as SV95–1). The fluorescent density of each SV95 peptide was determined by a MHC stability assay, followed by the generation of SV95-specific CTLs with each SV95 peptide (from SV95–1 to SV95–10) and human dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with Poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles encapsulated with SV95 peptide. Finally, IFN-γ ELISpot and CytoTox 96® Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assays were employed to verify their cytotoxic efficiency of the SV95-specific CTLs generated with the corresponding artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) containing SV95 (SV95–1 to SV95–10) peptide. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the SV95 specific CTLs generated with nine mutated SV95 peptides was compared to the one generated with natural SV95–1 peptide and TIL2080 cells. The results indicated that the HLA-A2-restricted mutated SV95 epitope decamers (SV95–6 and SV95–7) showed significant higher binding ability compared to natural peptide SV95–1 in MHC stability assay. More importantly, SV95–specific CTLs with higher cytotoxicity were successfully induced with both SV95–6 and SV95–7 peptides, which significantly eliminated target cells (not only SV95–1 peptide pulsed T2 cells, but also both HLA-A2 and SV positive cancer cells) when compared to those generated with natural SV95–1 peptide and TIL2080 cells. These findings suggest that the SV95–6 and SV95–7 peptides are two novel HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitopes and may be useful for the immunotherapy for patients with survivin expressing cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, The First Hospital Affiliated to Huzhou University School of Medicine, Huzhou, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Department of Oncology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- Department of Urology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ying Bao
- Key Laboratory for Translational Medicine, The First Hospital Affiliated to Huzhou University School of Medicine, Huzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Cengiz Ozkan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Boris Minev
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Wenxue Ma
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Xin C, Zhu J, Gu S, Yin M, Ma J, Pan C, Tang J, Zhang P, Liu Y, Bai XF, Mo X, Xu M, Zhu H. CD200 is overexpressed in neuroblastoma and regulates tumor immune microenvironment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:2333-2343. [PMID: 32514618 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with pediatric cancers such as neuroblastoma (NB) are often unresponsive to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. One major factor in pediatric tumor resistance to immunotherapy is considered to be the low mutation rate of pediatric tumors. Another factor may be the overexpression of additional inhibitory pathways. While analyzing the RNA-sequencing database TARGET, we found that human NB tumors overexpress immune checkpoint molecule CD200. To determine its significance and impact on tumor immune microenvironment, we analyzed 49 cases of previously untreated, surgically removed NB tumors using immunohistochemistry and multi-color flow cytometry (FACS). We found that CD200 is overexpressed in more than 90% of NB tumors. In the tumor microenvironment of NB, CD200 is mainly overexpressed in CD45- NB tumor cells, while its cognate receptor (CD200R) is mainly expressed in HLA-DR+CD14+ myeloid cells and CD11c+ dendritic cells. Low-level expression of CD200R is also observed in tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. In NB tumors with higher CD200 expression (CD200high), we observed lower numbers of HLA-DR+CD14+ myeloid cells and less tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Moreover, we found that CD4+ and CD8+ T cells produced less IFN-γ and/or TNF-α in CD200high NB tumors. Thus, CD200-CD200R pathway appears to downregulate anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment of NB tumors, and blockade of this pathway may be beneficial for NB patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xin
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Zhu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Gu
- Department of General Surgery/Surgical Oncology Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 200017, China
| | - Minzhi Yin
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ci Pan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jingyan Tang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Division of Immunotherapy, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xi Mo
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of General Surgery/Surgical Oncology Center, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 200017, China.
| | - Hua Zhu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1678 Dong Fang Road, Pu Dong New District, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Brossart P. The Role of Antigen Spreading in the Efficacy of Immunotherapies. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:4442-4447. [PMID: 32357962 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The introduction and the unexpected efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) and more recently of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T-cells) in the treatment of malignant diseases boosted the efforts in the development and clinical application of immunotherapeutic approaches. However, the definition of predictive factors associated with clinical responses as well as the identification of underlying mechanisms that promote the therapeutic efficacy remain to be determined. Starting from the first immunotherapeutic trials, it became evident that vaccine-induced tumor-specific T cells or the adoptive transfer of ex vivo-expanded T lymphocytes can recognize and eliminate malignant cells leading to long-lasting remissions in some patients. In addition, a phenomenon called epitope spreading, which was observed in responding patients, seemed to increase the efficiency possibly representing an important predictive factor. This review will focus on experimental and clinical evidence for the induction of epitope spreading and its role in the maintenance of an efficient antitumor immune response in cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Brossart
- Department of Oncology, Haematology, Immuno-Oncology and Rheumatogy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Barrett AJ. Acute myeloid leukaemia and the immune system: implications for immunotherapy. Br J Haematol 2019; 188:147-158. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. John Barrett
- GW Cancer Center George Washington University Hospital Washington DC USA
| |
Collapse
|