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Hussein R, Abou-Shanab AM, Badr E. A multi-omics approach for biomarker discovery in neuroblastoma: a network-based framework. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:52. [PMID: 38760476 PMCID: PMC11101461 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00371-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated death in children. MYCN amplification is a prominent genetic marker for NB, and its targeting to halt NB progression is difficult to achieve. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the molecular interactome of NB is needed to improve treatment outcomes. Analysis of NB multi-omics unravels valuable insight into the interplay between MYCN transcriptional and miRNA post-transcriptional modulation. Moreover, it aids in the identification of various miRNAs that participate in NB development and progression. This study proposes an integrated computational framework with three levels of high-throughput NB data (mRNA-seq, miRNA-seq, and methylation array). Similarity Network Fusion (SNF) and ranked SNF methods were utilized to identify essential genes and miRNAs. The specified genes included both miRNA-target genes and transcription factors (TFs). The interactions between TFs and miRNAs and between miRNAs and their target genes were retrieved where a regulatory network was developed. Finally, an interaction network-based analysis was performed to identify candidate biomarkers. The candidate biomarkers were further analyzed for their potential use in prognosis and diagnosis. The candidate biomarkers included three TFs and seven miRNAs. Four biomarkers have been previously studied and tested in NB, while the remaining identified biomarkers have known roles in other types of cancer. Although the specific molecular role is yet to be addressed, most identified biomarkers possess evidence of involvement in NB tumorigenesis. Analyzing cellular interactome to identify potential biomarkers is a promising approach that can contribute to optimizing efficient therapeutic regimens to target NB vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahma Hussein
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abou-Shanab
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Eman Badr
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt.
- Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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2
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Li M, Dai M, Cheng B, Li S, Guo E, Fu J, Ma T, Yu B. Strategies that regulate LSD1 for novel therapeutics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1494-1507. [PMID: 38572094 PMCID: PMC10985039 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone methylation plays crucial roles in regulating chromatin structure and gene transcription in epigenetic modifications. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), the first identified histone demethylase, is universally overexpressed in various diseases. LSD1 dysregulation is closely associated with cancer, viral infections, and neurodegenerative diseases, etc., making it a promising therapeutic target. Several LSD1 inhibitors and two small-molecule degraders (UM171 and BEA-17) have entered the clinical stage. LSD1 can remove methyl groups from histone 3 at lysine 4 or lysine 9 (H3K4 or H3K9), resulting in either transcription repression or activation. While the roles of LSD1 in transcriptional regulation are well-established, studies have revealed that LSD1 can also be dynamically regulated by other factors. For example, the expression or activity of LSD1 can be regulated by many proteins that form transcriptional corepressor complexes with LSD1. Moreover, some post-transcriptional modifications and cellular metabolites can also regulate LSD1 expression or its demethylase activity. Therefore, in this review, we will systematically summarize how proteins involved in the transcriptional corepressor complex, various post-translational modifications, and metabolites act as regulatory factors for LSD1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mengge Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bing Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shaotong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Enhui Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Junwei Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ting Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Tianjian Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Pingyuan Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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3
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Qadir MI, Ahmed B, Noreen S. Advances in the Management of Neuroblastoma. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2024; 34:1-13. [PMID: 38073438 DOI: 10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.2023049559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor of neuroblasts, immature nerve cells found in several areas of the body. It usually affects children under age of 5. As usual, the tumor has ability to grow rapidly and to expand vastly which ultimately leads to death. Mostly, management decisions can be drawn by the prediction of the stage of the disease as well as age at the time of its diagnosis. There are four main stages of neuroblastoma, and treatment is according to the low and high risk of the disease. Several cytotoxic agents along with other therapies (antibody therapy, gene therapy, and even immunological therapies, antiangiogenic therapy, etc.) are used. Immunotherapy also has an important treatment option used nowadays for neuroblastoma. The discovery of major neuroblastoma-predisposition gene anaplastic lymphoma kinase cause somatic transformation or gene strengthening in diagnosed neuroblastoma. Promising new antiangiogenic strategies have also been introduced for the treatment of neuroblastoma with multiple mylomas. To manage numerous myelomas and cancers, including neuroblastoma, bone marrow transplantation and peripheral blood stem cell transplantation may be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Qadir
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- University of Science And Technology of Fujairah, UAE; School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sumaira Noreen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Governemnet College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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4
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Rodriguez-Fos E, Planas-Fèlix M, Burkert M, Puiggròs M, Toedling J, Thiessen N, Blanc E, Szymansky A, Hertwig F, Ishaque N, Beule D, Torrents D, Eggert A, Koche RP, Schwarz RF, Haase K, Schulte JH, Henssen AG. Mutational topography reflects clinical neuroblastoma heterogeneity. CELL GENOMICS 2023; 3:100402. [PMID: 37868040 PMCID: PMC10589636 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric solid tumor characterized by strong clinical heterogeneity. Although clinical risk-defining genomic alterations exist in neuroblastomas, the mutational processes involved in their generation remain largely unclear. By examining the topography and mutational signatures derived from all variant classes, we identified co-occurring mutational footprints, which we termed mutational scenarios. We demonstrate that clinical neuroblastoma heterogeneity is associated with differences in the mutational processes driving these scenarios, linking risk-defining pathognomonic variants to distinct molecular processes. Whereas high-risk MYCN-amplified neuroblastomas were characterized by signs of replication slippage and stress, homologous recombination-associated signatures defined high-risk non-MYCN-amplified patients. Non-high-risk neuroblastomas were marked by footprints of chromosome mis-segregation and TOP1 mutational activity. Furthermore, analysis of subclonal mutations uncovered differential activity of these processes through neuroblastoma evolution. Thus, clinical heterogeneity of neuroblastoma patients can be linked to differences in the mutational processes that are active in their tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Rodriguez-Fos
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mercè Planas-Fèlix
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Burkert
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Montserrat Puiggròs
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Joint Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Center for Genomic Regulation – Institute for Research in Biomedicine Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joern Toedling
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Thiessen
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Digital Health Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric Blanc
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Digital Health Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annabell Szymansky
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Falk Hertwig
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Naveed Ishaque
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Digital Health Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Digital Health Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Torrents
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Joint Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Center for Genomic Regulation – Institute for Research in Biomedicine Research Program in Computational Biology, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard P. Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roland F. Schwarz
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Cancer Research Center Cologne Essen (CCCE), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- BIFOLD – Berlin Institute for the Foundations of Learning and Data, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Haase
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes H. Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anton G. Henssen
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) of the MDC and Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Digital Health Center, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Babu VS, Radhamany PM, Surumi B, Jayakumaran Nair A. Novel studies on Isolation, purification and characterization of dibenzonitro compound from Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. and effect in downregulating neuronal cancers. Steroids 2023; 198:109270. [PMID: 37414238 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2023.109270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
To isolate Letrozole from Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC. and to determine its effect on regulating the proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and key mechanisms in human neuroblastoma cell lines. Letrozole was isolated through column chromatographic technique and its effect was checked on human neuroblastoma cell lines, IMR 32. The effects of Letrozole on cell viability were measured by MTT assay, and the cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry. The expression changes in mRNA of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1 and Bcl-xL were taken from real-time PCR analysis and the protein levels were detected by Western blotting. The results of the present study showed that Letrozole, isolated from leaves of G. pentaphylla could cause significant inhibitory effect on proliferation of IMR 32 cells in a dose dependent manner. Cell arrest was obtained at S phase with the treatment of Letrozole. Apart from this, the expression of PCNA, cyclin D1 and Bcl-xL were decreased both at mRNA and protein levels for the same treatment. Letrozole can inhibit proliferation, induce cell arrest and cause apoptosis in IMR 32 cell lines. The decreased expression of PCNA, cyclin D1 and Bcl-xL induced by Letrozole contributes to the above effects in vitro. This is the first report on the isolation of Letrozole from G. pentaphylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinitha S Babu
- Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India.
| | - P M Radhamany
- Department of Botany, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - B Surumi
- Inter University Centre for Genomics and Gene Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
| | - A Jayakumaran Nair
- Inter University Centre for Genomics and Gene Technology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695581, India
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6
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Glunčić M, Vlahović I, Rosandić M, Paar V. Tandem NBPF 3mer HORs (Olduvai triplets) in Neanderthal and two novel HOR tandem arrays in human chromosome 1 T2T-CHM13 assembly. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14420. [PMID: 37660151 PMCID: PMC10475015 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that the ~ 1.6 kb Neuroblastoma BreakPoint Family (NBPF) repeats are human specific and contributing to cognitive capabilities, with increasing frequency in higher order repeat 3mer HORs (Olduvai triplets). From chimpanzee to modern human there is a discontinuous jump from 0 to ~ 50 tandemly organized 3mer HORs. Here we investigate the structure of NBPF 3mer HORs in the Neanderthal genome assembly of Pääbo et al., comparing it to the results obtained for human hg38.p14 chromosome 1. Our findings reveal corresponding NBPF 3mer HOR arrays in Neanderthals with slightly different monomer structures and numbers of HOR copies compared to humans. Additionally, we compute the NBPF 3mer HOR pattern for the complete telomere-to-telomere human genome assembly (T2T-CHM13) by Miga et al., identifying two novel tandem arrays of NBPF 3mer HOR repeats with 5 and 9 NBPF 3mer HOR copies. We hypothesize that these arrays correspond to novel NBPF genes (here referred to as NBPFA1 and NBPFA2). Further improving the quality of the Neanderthal genome using T2T-CHM13 as a reference would be of great interest in determining the presence of such distant novel NBPF genes in the Neanderthal genome and enhancing our understanding of human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matko Glunčić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Marija Rosandić
- University Hospital Centre Zagreb (Ret.), 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vladimir Paar
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
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7
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Chen C, Wu J, Hicks C, Lan MS. Repurposing a plant alkaloid homoharringtonine targets insulinoma associated-1 in N-Myc-activated neuroblastoma. Cell Signal 2023; 109:110753. [PMID: 37301315 PMCID: PMC10527743 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous and malignant childhood cancer that is frequently characterized by MYCN proto-oncogene amplification or elevated N-Myc protein (N-Myc) expression. An N-Myc downstream target gene, insulinoma associated-1 (INSM1) has emerged as a biomarker that plays a critical role in facilitating NB tumor cell growth and transformation. N-Myc activates endogenous INSM1 gene expression through binding to the E2-box of the INSM1 proximal promoter in NB. We identified a plant alkaloid, homoharringtonine (HHT), from a chemical library screening showing potent inhibition of INSM1 promoter activity. This positive-hit plant alkaloid exemplifies an effective screening approach for repurposed compound targeting INSM1 expression in NB cancer therapy. The elevated N-Myc and INSM1 expression in NB constitutes a positive-loop through INSM1 activation that promotes N-Myc stability. In the present study, the biological effects and anti-tumor properties of HHT against NB were examined. HHT either down regulates and/or interferes with the binding of N-Myc to the E2-box of the INSM1 promoter and the inhibition of PI3K/AKT-mediated N-Myc stability could lead to the NB cell apoptosis. HHT inhibition of NB cell proliferation is consistent with the INSM1 expression as higher level of INSM1 exhibits a more sensitive IC50 value. The combination treatment of HHT and A674563 provides a better option of increasing potency and reducing cellular cytotoxicity than HHT or A674563 treatment alone. Taken together, the suppression of the INSM1-associated signaling pathway axis promotes the inhibition of NB tumor cell growth. This study developed a feasible approach for repurposing an effective anti-NB drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiachen Chen
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar St. CSRB, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jiande Wu
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar St. CSRB, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, 533 Bolivar St. CSRB, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Chindo Hicks
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar St. CSRB, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, 533 Bolivar St. CSRB, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Michael S Lan
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, 533 Bolivar St. CSRB, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
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Liu L, Zhao H, Li J, Huang J, Xu Y, Li X, Wu Y, Li P, Guan X, Tang R. ALKB homolog 5 (ALKBH5)-induced circPUM1 upregulation facilitated the progression of neuroblastoma via miR-423-5p/PA2G4 axis. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154609. [PMID: 37421841 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oncogenic role of circPUM1 has been revealed in multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the specific role and molecular mechanism of circPUM1 in neuroblastoma (NB) have never been reported. METHODS The expression of genes was detected using RT-qPCR and Western Blot assay. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of NB cells were evaluated by CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Besides, mouse model was established to evaluate the effect of circPUM1 on the progression of NB. The interaction among genes was verified through RIP, MeRIP, or Luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Through our investigation, it was discovered that circPUM1 expression was abnormally elevated in NB tissues and the abundance of circPUM1 was correlated with unfavorable clinical outcomes in NB patients. Besides, the viability and mobility of NB cells as well as NB tumor growth were suppressed by silencing circPUM1. Moreover, bioinformatics prediction and experimental verification demonstrated that circPUM1 was a sponge for miR-423-5p which further targeted proliferation-associated protein 2G4 (PA2G4). The oncogenic effect of circPUM1 on NB was exerted through suppressing miR-423-5p to elevate PA2G4 expression. Finally, we investigated the transcriptional factor causing the upregulation of circPUM1 in NB. The result was that ALKB homolog 5 (ALKBH5), an m6A demethylase, suppressed the m6A modification of circPUM1 and caused the elevation of circPUM1 expression in NB. CONCLUSION ALKBH5 induced the upregulation of circPUM1 to accelerate the development of NB through regulating miR-423-5p/PA2G4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - He Zhao
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Yunyun Xu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, China.
| | - Xinxian Guan
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, China.
| | - Ruze Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, China.
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9
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Jobara K, Yamamori A, Shizuku M, Kurata N, Fujimoto Y, Muramatsu H, Takahashi Y, Ogura Y. Successful living-donor liver transplantation for sustained liver failure even after resolution of infiltrative massive hepatic invasion of stage 4S neuroblastoma: a case report. Surg Case Rep 2023; 9:100. [PMID: 37286818 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-023-01681-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor in childhood. Stage 4S neuroblastoma is a unique subset of neuroblastoma characterized by a favorable course and potentially low malignancy with a high rate of spontaneous tumor regression. However, recent reports have shown that there is a subgroup of patients with stage 4S neuroblastoma characterized by MYCN amplification, chromosomal aberrations, age of < 2 months at diagnosis, and significantly poorer outcomes. CASE PRESENTATION A 1-month-old male infant with a huge abdominal tumor was transferred to our hospital and diagnosed with stage 4S neuroblastoma. The patient showed respiratory distress due to abdominal compartment syndrome secondary to massive hepatic invasion, and he required a silo operation and mechanical ventilation. After chemotherapy using carboplatin and etoposide, the infiltrative massive hepatic invasion was resolved and the abdominal compartment syndrome gradually improved; however, liver dysfunction as evidenced by hyperbilirubinemia, coagulopathy, and hyperammonemia continued. At the age of 3 months, living-donor liver transplantation was performed for treatment of sustained liver failure using a reduced lateral segment graft from the patient's father. Post-transplant liver function recovered immediately. Examination of the explanted liver demonstrated that the majority of liver tissue had been replaced by fibroblastic cells after massive hepatocyte dropout. There were only small areas of residual neuroblastoma cells in the liver specimen. The patient was discharged from the hospital 5 months after transplantation with home intermittent respiratory support. At the time of this writing (23 months after liver transplantation), he was in good condition with no signs of recurrence of neuroblastoma. CONCLUSIONS We have herein presented a case of successful pediatric living-donor liver transplantation for sustained liver failure even after resolution of infiltrative massive hepatic invasion of stage 4S neuroblastoma. Our case clearly shows that liver transplantation can be added as an appropriate extended treatment option for liver failure after resolution of stage 4S neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanta Jobara
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Ayako Yamamori
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Shizuku
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Kurata
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fujimoto
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ogura
- Department of Transplantation Surgery, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-Cho, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, 466-8560, Japan.
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10
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Hagemann S, Misiak D, Bell JL, Fuchs T, Lederer MI, Bley N, Hämmerle M, Ghazy E, Sippl W, Schulte JH, Hüttelmaier S. IGF2BP1 induces neuroblastoma via a druggable feedforward loop with MYCN promoting 17q oncogene expression. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:88. [PMID: 37246217 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01792-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor in infants accounting for approximately 15% of all cancer-related deaths. Over 50% of high-risk neuroblastoma relapse, emphasizing the need of novel drug targets and therapeutic strategies. In neuroblastoma, chromosomal gains at chromosome 17q, including IGF2BP1, and MYCN amplification at chromosome 2p are associated with adverse outcome. Recent, pre-clinical evidence indicates the feasibility of direct and indirect targeting of IGF2BP1 and MYCN in cancer treatment. METHODS Candidate oncogenes on 17q were identified by profiling the transcriptomic/genomic landscape of 100 human neuroblastoma samples and public gene essentiality data. Molecular mechanisms and gene expression profiles underlying the oncogenic and therapeutic target potential of the 17q oncogene IGF2BP1 and its cross-talk with MYCN were characterized and validated in human neuroblastoma cells, xenografts and PDX as well as novel IGF2BP1/MYCN transgene mouse models. RESULTS We reveal a novel, druggable feedforward loop of IGF2BP1 (17q) and MYCN (2p) in high-risk neuroblastoma. This promotes 2p/17q chromosomal gains and unleashes an oncogene storm resulting in fostered expression of 17q oncogenes like BIRC5 (survivin). Conditional, sympatho-adrenal transgene expression of IGF2BP1 induces neuroblastoma at a 100% incidence. IGF2BP1-driven malignancies are reminiscent to human high-risk neuroblastoma, including 2p/17q-syntenic chromosomal gains and upregulation of Mycn, Birc5, as well as key neuroblastoma circuit factors like Phox2b. Co-expression of IGF2BP1/MYCN reduces disease latency and survival probability by fostering oncogene expression. Combined inhibition of IGF2BP1 by BTYNB, MYCN by BRD inhibitors or BIRC5 by YM-155 is beneficial in vitro and, for BTYNB, also. CONCLUSION We reveal a novel, druggable neuroblastoma oncogene circuit settling on strong, transcriptional/post-transcriptional synergy of MYCN and IGF2BP1. MYCN/IGF2BP1 feedforward regulation promotes an oncogene storm harboring high therapeutic potential for combined, targeted inhibition of IGF2BP1, MYCN expression and MYCN/IGF2BP1-effectors like BIRC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Hagemann
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | - Danny Misiak
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jessica L Bell
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Tommy Fuchs
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Marcell I Lederer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Nadine Bley
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Monika Hämmerle
- Institute of Pathology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ehab Ghazy
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
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11
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Rivera Z, Escutia C, Madonna MB, Gupta KH. Biological Insight and Recent Advancement in the Treatment of Neuroblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108470. [PMID: 37239815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most frequent solid tumors in children is neuroblastoma, which has a variety of clinical behaviors that are mostly influenced by the biology of the tumor. Unique characteristics of neuroblastoma includes its early age of onset, its propensity for spontaneous tumor regression in newborns, and its high prevalence of metastatic disease at diagnosis in individuals older than 1 year of age. Immunotherapeutic techniques have been added to the previously enlisted chemotherapeutic treatments as therapeutic choices. A groundbreaking new treatment for hematological malignancies is adoptive cell therapy, specifically chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. However, due to the immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) of neuroblastoma tumor, this treatment approach faces difficulties. Numerous tumor-associated genes and antigens, including the MYCN proto-oncogene (MYCN) and disialoganglioside (GD2) surface antigen, have been found by the molecular analysis of neuroblastoma cells. The MYCN gene and GD2 are two of the most useful immunotherapy findings for neuroblastoma. The tumor cells devise numerous methods to evade immune identification or modify the activity of immune cells. In addition to addressing the difficulties and potential advancements of immunotherapies for neuroblastoma, this review attempts to identify important immunological actors and biological pathways involved in the dynamic interaction between the TME and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoriamin Rivera
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Carlos Escutia
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mary Beth Madonna
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kajal H Gupta
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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12
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Deciphering the Role of p53 and TAp73 in Neuroblastoma: From Pathogenesis to Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246212. [PMID: 36551697 PMCID: PMC9777536 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is an embryonic cancer that develops from neural crest stem cells, being one of the most common malignancies in children. The clinical manifestation of this disease is highly variable, ranging from spontaneous regression to increased aggressiveness, which makes it a major therapeutic challenge in pediatric oncology. The p53 family proteins p53 and TAp73 play a key role in protecting cells against genomic instability and malignant transformation. However, in NB, their activities are commonly inhibited by interacting proteins such as murine double minute (MDM)2 and MDMX, mutant p53, ΔNp73, Itch, and Aurora kinase A. The interplay between the p53/TAp73 pathway and N-MYC, a known biomarker of poor prognosis and drug resistance in NB, also proves to be decisive in the pathogenesis of this tumor. More recently, a strong crosstalk between microRNAs (miRNAs) and p53/TAp73 has been established, which has been the focused of great attention because of its potential for developing new therapeutic strategies. Collectively, this review provides an updated overview about the critical role of the p53/TAp73 pathway in the pathogenesis of NB, highlighting encouraging clues for the advance of alternative NB targeted therapies.
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Single-Cell Sequencing Identifies Master Regulators Affected by Panobinostat in Neuroblastoma Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122240. [PMID: 36553506 PMCID: PMC9778475 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms and gene regulatory networks sustaining cell proliferation in neuroblastoma (NBL) cells are still not fully understood. In this tumor context, it has been proposed that anti-proliferative drugs, such as the pan-HDAC inhibitor panobinostat, could be tested to mitigate tumor progression. Here, we set out to investigate the effects of panobinostat treatment at the unprecedented resolution offered by single-cell sequencing. We identified a global senescence signature paired with reduction in proliferation in treated Kelly cells and more isolated transcriptional responses compatible with early neuronal differentiation. Using master regulator analysis, we identified BAZ1A, HCFC1, MAZ, and ZNF146 as the transcriptional regulators most significantly repressed by panobinostat. Experimental silencing of these transcription factors (TFs) confirmed their role in sustaining NBL cell proliferation in vitro.
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More Abundant Superoxide Dismutase2 Protein Levels in Blood May Act as a Prognostic Marker for High-Risk Neuroblastoma Patients. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.1071115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Determination of proteomic differences plays an important role in biomarker investigations. Due to its heterogenic molecular background, identification of certain biomarkers is still a demand both for diagnosis and for prognosis of neuroblastoma. In this study, it is aimed to identify some marker proteins/mechanisms that may play role in neuroblastoma prognosis.
Methods: A proteomic approach was performed for different risk groups of the disease by using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) approach. Mononuclear cell pools from blood samples of patients for risk groups were constructed and protein expression changes for different groups were identified. Real-time PCR analysis were performed for N-MYC, 11q, 1p and 17q status of these patients and risk groups were determined from tumor samples.
Results: Manganese-superoxide dismutase (SOD2) protein was significantly increased in high-risk group of neuroblastoma patients.
Conclusion: SOD2 may play an important role in neuroblastoma progression and be a candidate prognostic peripheral blood marker for neuroblastoma patients.
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Paolini L, Hussain S, Galardy PJ. Chromosome instability in neuroblastoma: A pathway to aggressive disease. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988972. [PMID: 36338721 PMCID: PMC9633097 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
For over 100-years, genomic instability has been investigated as a central player in the pathogenesis of human cancer. Conceptually, genomic instability includes an array of alterations from small deletions/insertions to whole chromosome alterations, referred to as chromosome instability. Chromosome instability has a paradoxical impact in cancer. In most instances, the introduction of chromosome instability has a negative impact on cellular fitness whereas in cancer it is usually associated with a worse prognosis. One exception is the case of neuroblastoma, the most common solid tumor outside of the brain in children. Neuroblastoma tumors have two distinct patterns of genome instability: whole-chromosome aneuploidy, which is associated with a better prognosis, or segmental chromosomal alterations, which is a potent negative prognostic factor. Through a computational screen, we found that low levels of the de- ubiquitinating enzyme USP24 have a highly significant negative impact on survival in neuroblastoma. At the molecular level, USP24 loss leads to destabilization of the microtubule assembly factor CRMP2 - producing mitotic errors and leading to chromosome missegregation and whole-chromosome aneuploidy. This apparent paradox may be reconciled through a model in which whole chromosome aneuploidy leads to the subsequent development of segmental chromosome alterations. Here we review the mechanisms behind chromosome instability and the evidence for the progressive development of segmental alterations from existing numerical aneuploidy in support of a multi-step model of neuroblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Paolini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, MI, Italy
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Paul J. Galardy
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Chen C, Lan MS. Interplay: The Essential Role between INSM1 and N-Myc in Aggressive Neuroblastoma. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101376. [PMID: 36290282 PMCID: PMC9598261 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuroblastoma (NB) is a cancer that starts in certain very early forms of nerve cells of the sympathetic nervous system, most often found in an embryo or fetus. Symptoms may include bone pain, an abdominal mass, frequent urination, limping, anemia, spinal cord weakness, or bruising of the eye area. N-Myc is a key driver of high-risk NB. An elevated expression of N-Myc often predicts a poorer prognosis, in both time to tumor progression and overall survival rate. We discovered a transcription factor, insulinoma-associated-1 (INSM1), as the downstream target gene of N-Myc. INSM1 has emerged as a novel NB biomarker that plays a critical role in facilitating NB tumor cell development. Both N-Myc and INSM1 demonstrate high clinical relevance to NB. Therefore, further understanding the association of INSM1 and N-Myc functions in aggressive NB should be beneficial for future NB treatment. Abstract An aggressive form of neuroblastoma (NB), a malignant childhood cancer derived from granule neuron precursors and sympathoadrenal lineage, frequently comprises MYCN amplification/elevated N-Myc expression, which contributes to the development of neural crest-derived embryonal malignancy. N-Myc is an oncogenic driver in NB. Persistent N-Myc expression during the maturation of SA precursor cells can cause blockage of the apoptosis and induce abnormal proliferation, resulting in NB development. An insulinoma-associated-1 (INSM1) zinc-finger transcription factor has emerged as an NB biomarker that plays a critical role in facilitating tumor cell growth and transformation. INSM1 plays an essential role in sympathoadrenal cell differentiation. N-Myc activates endogenous INSM1 through an E2-box of the INSM1 proximal promoter, whereas INSM1 enhances N-Myc stability via RAC-α-serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT) phosphorylation in NB. The ectopic expression of INSM1 stimulates NB tumor growth in contrast to the knockdown of INSM1 that inhibits NB cell proliferation. The clinical pathological result and bioinformatics analysis show that INSM1 is a strong diagnostic and a prognostic biomarker for the evaluation of NB progression. The INSM1/N-Myc expression shows high clinical relevance in NB. Therefore, targeting the INSM1/N-Myc-associated signaling axis should be a feasible approach to identifying new drugs for the suppression of NB tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael S. Lan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-504-568-2437; Fax: +1-504-568-8500
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Jakobsson AW, Kundu S, Guo J, Chowdhury A, Zhao M, Lindell E, Bergsten P, Swartling FJ, Sjöblom T, Zhang X. Iron Chelator VLX600 Inhibits Mitochondrial Respiration and Promotes Sensitization of Neuroblastoma Cells in Nutrition-Restricted Conditions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133225. [PMID: 35805002 PMCID: PMC9264775 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common solid tumor in children, is characterized by amplification of the MYCN proto-oncogene, a high-risk aggressive clinical marker associated with treatment failure. MYCN plays an important role in cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and chemoresistance. Here, we show for the first time that in neuroblastoma, iron chelator VLX600 inhibits mitochondrial respiration, decreases expression levels of MYCN/LMO1, and induces an efficient cell death regardless of MYCN status in both 2D and 3D culture conditions. Moreover, insufficient induction of autophagy was observed in cells treated with VLX600, which is essential as a protective response in the event of ATP synthesis disruption. Further inhibition of glucose uptake using DRB18, a pan-GLUT (glucose transporter) inhibitor, synergized the effect of VLX600 and no significant cell death was found in immortalized epithelial cells under this combination treatment. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by iron chelator VLX600 accompanied by autophagy deficiency promotes sensitivity of neuroblastoma cells in a nutrition-restricted microenvironment regardless of MYCN status, indicating that MYCN expression level is an essential clinical marker but might not be a necessary target for the treatment of neuroblastoma which warrants further investigation. VLX600 has been studied in Phase I clinical trials; combining VLX600 with conventional chemotherapy could be an innovative therapeutic strategy for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Westergren Jakobsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.W.J.); (S.K.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (F.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Snehangshu Kundu
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.W.J.); (S.K.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (F.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Jing Guo
- Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore;
| | - Azazul Chowdhury
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.W.J.); (S.K.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (F.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Emma Lindell
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.W.J.); (S.K.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (F.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.C.); (P.B.)
| | - Fredrik J. Swartling
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.W.J.); (S.K.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (F.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Tobias Sjöblom
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.W.J.); (S.K.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (F.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.W.J.); (S.K.); (M.Z.); (E.L.); (F.J.S.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Liu G, Poon M, Zapala MA, Temple WC, Vo KT, Matthay KK, Mitra D, Seo Y. Incorporating Radiomics into Machine Learning Models to Predict Outcomes of Neuroblastoma. J Digit Imaging 2022; 35:605-612. [PMID: 35237892 PMCID: PMC9156639 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-022-00607-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common pediatric cancers. This study used machine learning (ML) to predict the mortality and a few other investigated intermediate outcomes of neuroblastoma patients non-invasively from CT images. Performances of multiple ML algorithms over retrospective CT images of 65 neuroblastoma patients are analyzed. An artificial neural network (ANN) is used on tumor radiomic features extracted from 3D CT images. A pre-trained 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) is used on slices of the same images. ML models are trained for various pathologically investigated outcomes of these patients. A subspecialty-trained pediatric radiologist independently reviewed the manually segmented primary tumors. Pyradiomics library is used to extract 105 radiomic features. Six ML algorithms are compared to predict the following outcomes: mortality, presence or absence of metastases, neuroblastoma differentiation, mitosis-karyorrhexis index (MKI), presence or absence of MYCN gene amplification, and presence of image-defined risk factors (IDRF). The prediction ranges over multiple experiments are measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC-AUC) for comparison. Our results show that the radiomics-based ANN method slightly outperforms the other algorithms in predicting all outcomes except classification of the grade of neuroblastic differentiation, for which the elastic regression model performed the best. Contributions of the article are twofold: (1) noninvasive models for the prognosis from CT images of neuroblastoma, and (2) comparison of relevant ML models on this medical imaging problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengbo Liu
- Department of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL USA
| | - Mini Poon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Matthew A. Zapala
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - William C. Temple
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Kieuhoa T. Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - Debasis Mitra
- Department of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL USA ,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Youngho Seo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
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Weng Z, Lin J, He J, Gao L, Lin S, Tsang LL, Zhang H, He X, Wang G, Yang X, Zhou H, Zhao H, Li G, Zou L, Jiang X. Human embryonic stem cell-derived neural crest model unveils CD55 as a cancer stem cell regulator for therapeutic targeting in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma. Neuro Oncol 2022; 24:872-885. [PMID: 34655293 PMCID: PMC9159429 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common childhood malignant tumor of neural crest (NC) origin with remarkable heterogeneity in outcomes. Amplification of the oncogene MYCN is strongly associated with highly malignant behaviour and poor prognosis. METHODS This study aims to use a human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived NC model to identify novel downstream effectors of MYCN that can be potentially used as prognostic marker and/or therapeutic target. RESULTS We show that MYCN-driven NB derived from human neural crest cells (hNCCs) recapitulate the pathological and molecular features of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma (MNA-NB). By using this platform, we identify a group of 14 surface protein-encoding genes that are associated with MYCN expression level in MNA-NB. Among these genes, high CD55 expression is correlated with poor survival in MNA-NB but not in non-MNA-NB. Furthermore, CD55 promotes tumorigenesis, tumor growth, and cancer stemness in MNA-NB cell lines (MNA-NBL) through regulating the JNK pathway. Mechanistically, MYCN binds to both canonical and noncanonical E-boxes on the promoter of CD55 to regulate its transcriptional expression. Finally, neutralizing antibody targeting CD55 significantly attenuates cancer stemness, suppresses tumor growth, and improves survival exclusively in MNA-NBL-inoculated mice. CONCLUSION MYCN shapes CD55 into a cancer stem cell regulator which represents a prognostic marker and therapeutic target of MNA-NB. The hESC-derived NC model serves as a valuable platform for investigating NB initiation and progression and developing potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Weng
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, ShenZhen, PR China
| | - Jiacheng Lin
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, ShenZhen, PR China
| | - Jiaozi He
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Lin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, ShenZhen, PR China
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, ShenZhen, PR China
| | - Lai Ling Tsang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, ShenZhen, PR China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan He
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, ShenZhen, PR China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, ShenZhen, PR China
| | - Lin Zou
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children’s Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, ShenZhen, PR China
- Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan,PR China
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de Melo Quintela B, Hervas-Raluy S, Manuel Garcia Aznar J, Walker D, Wertheim KY, Viceconti M. A Theoretical Analysis of the Scale Separation in a Model to Predict Solid Tumour Growth. J Theor Biol 2022; 547:111173. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Rana R, Chauhan K, Gautam P, Kulkarni M, Banarjee R, Chugh P, Chhabra SS, Acharya R, Kalra SK, Gupta A, Jain S, Ganguly NK. Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Reveal Galectin-3 Binding Protein as Potential Biomarker for Early Detection of Glioma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:778754. [PMID: 34900729 PMCID: PMC8661035 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.778754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common type of the malignant brain tumor, which arise from glial cells. They make up about 40% of all primary brain tumors and around 70% of all primary malignant brain tumors. They can occur anywhere in the central nervous system (CNS) and have a poor prognosis. The average survival of glioma patients is approximately 6-15 months with poor aspects of life. In this edge, identification of proteins secreted by cancer cells is of special interest because it may provide a better understanding of tumor progression and provide early diagnosis of the diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were isolated from pooled plasma of healthy controls (n=03) and patients with different grades of glioma (Grade I or II or III, n=03 each). Nanoparticle tracking analysis, western blot, and flow cytometry were performed to determine the size, morphology, the concentration of glioma-derived vesicles and EV marker, CD63. Further, iTRAQ-based LC-MS/MS analysis of EV protein was performed to determine the differential protein abundance in extracellular vesicles across different glioma grades. We further verified galectin-3 binding protein (LGALS3BP) by ELISA in individual blood plasma and plasma-derived vesicles from control and glioma patients (n=40 each). Analysis by Max Quant identified 123 proteins from the pooled patient exosomes, out of which 34, 21, and 14 proteins were found to be differentially abundant by more than 1.3-fold in the different grades of glioma grade I, pilocytic astrocytoma; grade II, diffuse astrocytoma; grade III, anaplastic astrocytoma, respectively, in comparison with the control samples. A total of seven proteins-namely, CRP, SAA2, SERPINA3, SAA1, C4A, LV211, and KV112-showed differential abundance in all the three grades. LGALS3BP was seen to be upregulated across the different grades, and ELISA analysis from individual blood plasma and plasma-derived extracellular vesicles confirmed the increased expression of LGALS3BP in glioma patients (p<0.001). The present study provides LGALS3BP as a potential biomarker for early detection of glioma and improve survival outcome of the patient. The present study further provides the information of progression and monitoring the tumor grades (grade 1, grade II, grade III).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Rana
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kirti Chauhan
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Gautam
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Institute of Pathology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Mahesh Kulkarni
- Biochemical Sciences Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pune, India
| | - Reema Banarjee
- Biochemical Sciences Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pune, India
| | - Parul Chugh
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rajesh Acharya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Samir Kumar Kalra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Anshul Gupta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunila Jain
- Department of Histopathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
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22
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Zeng XX, Zeng J, Zhu B. Future generation of combined multimodal approach to treat brain glioblastoma multiforme and potential impact on micturition control. Rev Neurosci 2021; 33:313-326. [PMID: 34529907 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2021-0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma remains lethal even when treated with standard therapy. This review aims to outline the recent development of various advanced therapeutics for glioblastoma and briefly discuss the potential impact of glioblastoma and some of its therapeutic approaches on the neurological function micturition control. Although immunotherapy led to success in treating hematological malignancies, but no similar success occurred in treatment for brain glioblastoma. Neither regenerative medicine nor stem cell therapy led to astounding success in glioblastoma. However, CRISPR Cas system holds potential in multiple applications due to its capacity to knock-in and knock-out genes, modify immune cells and cell receptors, which will enable it to address clinical challenges in immunotherapy such as CAR-T and regenerative therapy for brain glioblastoma, improving the precision and safety of these approaches. The studies mentioned in this review could indicate that glioblastoma is a malignant disease with multiple sophisticated barriers to be overcome and more challenges might arise in the attempt of researchers to yield a successful cure. A multimodal approach of future generation of refined and safe therapeutics derived from CRISPR Cas therapeutics, immunotherapy, and regenerative therapeutics mentioned in this review might prolong survival or even contribute towards a potential cure for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xue Zeng
- Guangzhou United Family Hospital, Fangyuan Road 28, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, Postcode: 510000, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Jianwen Zeng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Yinquan Road B24, Qingyuan City, Postcode: 511500, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
| | - Baoyi Zhu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Yinquan Road B24, Qingyuan City, Postcode: 511500, Guangdong Province, P. R. China
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23
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Schmitt-Hoffner F, van Rijn S, Toprak UH, Mauermann M, Rosemann F, Heit-Mondrzyk A, Hübner JM, Camgöz A, Hartlieb S, Pfister SM, Henrich KO, Westermann F, Kool M. FOXR2 Stabilizes MYCN Protein and Identifies Non- MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma Patients With Unfavorable Outcome. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:3217-3228. [PMID: 34110923 PMCID: PMC8500564 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical outcomes of patients with neuroblastoma range from spontaneous tumor regression to fatality. Hence, understanding the mechanisms that cause tumor progression is crucial for the treatment of patients. In this study, we show that FOXR2 activation identifies a subset of neuroblastoma tumors with unfavorable outcome and we investigate the mechanism how FOXR2 relates to poor outcome in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schmitt-Hoffner
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sjoerd van Rijn
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Umut H Toprak
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monika Mauermann
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Rosemann
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anke Heit-Mondrzyk
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens-Martin Hübner
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aylin Camgöz
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Sabine Hartlieb
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Oliver Henrich
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp-Children's Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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24
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Galinski B, Luxemburg M, Landesman Y, Pawel B, Johnson KJ, Master SR, Freeman KW, Loeb DM, Hébert JM, Weiser DA. XPO1 inhibition with selinexor synergizes with proteasome inhibition in neuroblastoma by targeting nuclear export of IkB. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101114. [PMID: 33975179 PMCID: PMC8131731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
XPO1 is overabundant in high-risk neuroblastoma and correlates with poor survival. Neuroblastoma cells are sensitive to XPO1 inhibition with selinexor. Use of selinexor results in nuclear retention of IkB, diminishing NF-kB activity. Selinexor and bortezomib act synergistically through promotion of apoptosis. Synergy is mediated in part, through IkB regulation of NF-kB activity.
Across many cancer types in adults, upregulation of the nuclear-to-cytoplasmic transport protein Exportin-1 (XPO1) correlates with poor outcome and responsiveness to selinexor, an FDA-approved XPO1 inhibitor. Similar data are emerging in childhood cancers, for which selinexor is being evaluated in early phase clinical studies. Using proteomic profiling of primary tumor material from patients with high-risk neuroblastoma, as well as gene expression profiling from independent cohorts, we have demonstrated that XPO1 overexpression correlates with poor patient prognosis. Neuroblastoma cell lines are also sensitive to selinexor in the low nanomolar range. Based on these findings and knowledge that bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, blocks degradation of XPO1 cargo proteins, we hypothesized that combination treatment with selinexor and bortezomib would synergistically inhibit neuroblastoma cellular proliferation. We observed that selinexor promoted nuclear retention of IkB and that bortezomib augmented the ability of selinexor to induce cell-cycle arrest and cell death by apoptosis. This synergy was abrogated through siRNA knockdown of IkB. The synergistic effect of combining selinexor and bortezomib in vitro provides rationale for further investigation of this combination treatment for patients with high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basia Galinski
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Ullmann 813 Bronx, NY 10461, United States.
| | - Marcus Luxemburg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Ullmann 813 Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | | | - Bruce Pawel
- Clinical Pathology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, United States
| | - Katherine J Johnson
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Stephen R Master
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kevin W Freeman
- Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, United States
| | - David M Loeb
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
| | - Jean M Hébert
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Ullmann 813 Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
| | - Daniel A Weiser
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue Ullmann 813 Bronx, NY 10461, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
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25
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Chae SY, Nam D, Hyeon DY, Hong A, Lee TD, Kim S, Im D, Hong J, Kang C, Lee JW, Hwang D, Lee SW, Kim HI. DNA repair and cholesterol-mediated drug efflux induce dose-dependent chemoresistance in nutrient-deprived neuroblastoma cells. iScience 2021; 24:102325. [PMID: 33889821 PMCID: PMC8050388 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a solid, heterogeneous pediatric tumor. Chemotherapy is widely used to treat neuroblastoma. However, dose-dependent responses and chemoresistance mechanisms of neuroblastoma cells to anticancer drugs remain challenging. Here, we investigated the dose-dependent effects of topotecan on human neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-SH, SH-SY5Y, and SK-N-BE) under various nutrient supply conditions. Serum-starved human neuroblastoma cells showed reduced toxicity. Their survival rate increased upon treatment with a high concentration (1 μM) of topotecan. Quantitative profiling of global and phosphoproteome identified 12,959 proteins and 48,812 phosphosites, respectively, from SK-N-SH cells. Network analysis revealed that topotecan upregulated DNA repair and cholesterol-mediated topotecan efflux, resulting in topotecan resistance. Results of DNA damage assay, cell cycle, and quantitative analyses of membrane cholesterol supported the validity of these resistance factors and their applicability to all neuroblastoma cells. Our results provide a model for high dose-dependent chemoresistance in neuroblastoma cells that could enable a patient-dependent chemotherapy screening strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Yeon Chae
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dowoon Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Hyeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Timothy Dain Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjoon Im
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaewon Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Hwang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hugh I. Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Proteogenome Research, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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26
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Temporal Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Neuroblastoma Cells Treated with Bovine Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Highlights the Anti-Proliferative Properties of Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040750. [PMID: 33805332 PMCID: PMC8065825 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NBL) is a pediatric cancer that accounts for 15% of childhood cancer mortality. Amplification of the oncogene N-Myc occurs in 20% of NBL patients and is considered high risk as it correlates with aggressiveness, treatment resistance and poor prognosis. Even though the treatment strategies have improved in the recent years, the survival rate of high-risk NBL patients remain poor. Hence, it is crucial to explore new therapeutic avenues to sensitise NBL. Recently, bovine milk-derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) have been proposed to contain anti-cancer properties. However, the impact of MEVs on NBL cells is not understood. In this study, we characterised MEVs using Western blotting, NTA and TEM. Importantly, treatment of NBL cells with MEVs decreased the proliferation and increased the sensitivity of NBL cells to doxorubicin. Temporal label-free quantitative proteomics of NBL cells highlighted the depletion of proteins involved in cell metabolism, cell growth and Wnt signalling upon treatment with MEVs. Furthermore, proteins implicated in cellular senescence and apoptosis were enriched in NBL cells treated with MEVs. For the first time, this study highlights the temporal proteomic profile that occurs in cancer cells upon MEVs treatment.
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27
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Therapeutic Implications of a Polymethoxylated Flavone, Tangeretin, in the Management of Cancer via Modulation of Different Molecular Pathways. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2021; 2021:4709818. [PMID: 33748757 PMCID: PMC7954633 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4709818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics can induce oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and abnormalities in neurotransmitter metabolism leading to toxicity. Because there have been no therapeutic strategies developed to target inflammation and oxidative stress, there is a continuing need for new and improved therapy. As a result, there has been increasing interest in complementary and alternative medicine with anticancer potential. Studies have shown that the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of citrus fruits are promising natural phytochemicals in the development of new anticancer agents. Tangeretin is a naturally polymethoxylated flavone compound extracted from the citrus peel that has shown significant intestinal absorption and adequate bioavailability, with the added benefit of promoting longevity. In addition, tangeretin is known to exhibit considerable selective toxicity to many types of cancer cell proliferation such as ovarian, brain, blood, and skin cancer. Evidence indicates that tangeretin acts through several mechanisms including growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis, autophagy, antiangiogenesis, and estrogenic-like effects. Furthermore, tangeretin works through mitigating levels of inflammatory mediators in the immune system. Using tangeretin in combination with clinically applied anticancer drugs could be a good strategy for increasing the efficiency of these agents and protecting noncancerous cells from damage caused by chemotherapy. The purpose of this review is to highlight the protective effects of a novel natural product, tangeretin against chemotherapeutic-induced toxicity. The development of chemoprevention strategies can lead to significant health care improvement in cancer survivors. Thus, study outcomes may attract more investigators to conduct tangeretin-related research and find out potentially significant impacts on health care of cancer patients and decreased health problems associated with chemotherapeutics-induced toxicity.
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28
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Raieli S, Di Renzo D, Lampis S, Amadesi C, Montemurro L, Pession A, Hrelia P, Fischer M, Tonelli R. MYCN Drives a Tumor Immunosuppressive Environment Which Impacts Survival in Neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:625207. [PMID: 33718189 PMCID: PMC7951059 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.625207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of malignancies presents MYCN amplification (MNA) or dysregulation. MYCN is associated with poor prognosis and its over-expression leads to several dysregulations including metabolic reprogramming, mitochondria alteration, and cancer stem cell phenotype. Some hints suggest that MYCN overexpression leads to cancer immune-escape. However, this relationship presents various open questions. Our work investigated in details the relationship of MYCN with the immune system, finding a correlated immune-suppressive phenotype in neuroblastoma (NB) and different cancers where MYCN is up-regulated. We found a downregulated Th1-lymphocytes/M1-Macrophages axis and upregulated Th2-lymphocytes/M2-macrophages in MNA NB patients. Moreover, we unveiled a complex immune network orchestrated by N-Myc and we identified 16 genes modules associated to MNA NB. We also identified a MYCN-associated immune signature that has a prognostic value in NB and recapitulates clinical features. Our signature also discriminates patients with poor survival in non-MNA NB patients where MYCN expression is not discriminative. Finally, we showed that targeted inhibition of MYCN by BGA002 (anti-MYCN antigene PNA) is able to restore NK sensibility in MYCN-expressing NB cells. Overall, our study unveils a MYCN-driven immune network in NB and shows a therapeutic option to restore sensibility to immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniele Di Renzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Luca Montemurro
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Hrelia
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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29
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Hartlieb SA, Sieverling L, Nadler-Holly M, Ziehm M, Toprak UH, Herrmann C, Ishaque N, Okonechnikov K, Gartlgruber M, Park YG, Wecht EM, Savelyeva L, Henrich KO, Rosswog C, Fischer M, Hero B, Jones DTW, Pfaff E, Witt O, Pfister SM, Volckmann R, Koster J, Kiesel K, Rippe K, Taschner-Mandl S, Ambros P, Brors B, Selbach M, Feuerbach L, Westermann F. Alternative lengthening of telomeres in childhood neuroblastoma from genome to proteome. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1269. [PMID: 33627664 PMCID: PMC7904810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomere maintenance by telomerase activation or alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is a major determinant of poor outcome in neuroblastoma. Here, we screen for ALT in primary and relapsed neuroblastomas (n = 760) and characterize its features using multi-omics profiling. ALT-positive tumors are molecularly distinct from other neuroblastoma subtypes and enriched in a population-based clinical sequencing study cohort for relapsed cases. They display reduced ATRX/DAXX complex abundance, due to either ATRX mutations (55%) or low protein expression. The heterochromatic histone mark H3K9me3 recognized by ATRX is enriched at the telomeres of ALT-positive tumors. Notably, we find a high frequency of telomeric repeat loci with a neuroblastoma ALT-specific hotspot on chr1q42.2 and loss of the adjacent chromosomal segment forming a neo-telomere. ALT-positive neuroblastomas proliferate slowly, which is reflected by a protracted clinical course of disease. Nevertheless, children with an ALT-positive neuroblastoma have dismal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A Hartlieb
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lina Sieverling
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Translational Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michal Nadler-Holly
- Proteome Dynamics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ziehm
- Proteome Dynamics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Umut H Toprak
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carl Herrmann
- Health Data Science Unit, Medical Faculty Heidelberg and BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Naveed Ishaque
- Digital Health Centre, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin Okonechnikov
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Gartlgruber
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Young-Gyu Park
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisa Maria Wecht
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Larissa Savelyeva
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai-Oliver Henrich
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolina Rosswog
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Hero
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David T W Jones
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Glioma Research Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elke Pfaff
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Olaf Witt
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Pfister
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Volckmann
- Department of Oncogenomics Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Koster
- Department of Oncogenomics Amsterdam University Medical Centers (AUMC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katharina Kiesel
- Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Rippe
- Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Ambros
- CCRI, St Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Selbach
- Proteome Dynamics, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Feuerbach
- Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Westermann
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Neuroblastoma Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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30
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Liu Y, Yin M, Sun S. DetexNet: Accurately Diagnosing Frequent and Challenging Pediatric Malignant Tumors. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MEDICAL IMAGING 2021; 40:395-404. [PMID: 32991280 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2020.3027547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The most frequent extracranial solid tumors of childhood, named peripheral neuroblastic tumors (pNTs), are very challenging to diagnose due to their diversified categories and varying forms. Auxiliary diagnosis methods of such pediatric malignant cancers are highly needed to provide pathologists assistance and reduce the risk of misdiagnosis before treatments. In this paper, inspired by the particularity of microscopic pathology images, we integrate neural networks with the texture energy measure (TEM) and propose a novel network architecture named DetexNet (deep texture network). This method enforces the low-level representation pattern clearer via embedding the expert knowledge as prior, so that the network can seize the key information of a relatively small pathological dataset more smoothly. By applying and finetuning TEM filters in the bottom layer of a network, we greatly improve the performance of the baseline. We further pre-train the model on unlabeled data with an auto-encoder architecture and implement a color space conversion on input images. Two kinds of experiments under different assumptions in the condition of limited training data are performed, and in both of them, the proposed method achieves the best performance compared with other state-of-the-art models and doctor diagnosis.
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31
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Batchu S. Immunological landscape of Neuroblastoma and its clinical significance. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 26:100274. [PMID: 33338852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune infiltration in neuroblastoma (NBL) has been associated with clinical outcome. However, the diversity of distinct immune subpopulations that comprise immune infiltrates in NBL has not been examined. To this end, the present study investigated the immunological landscape of NBL tumors and its clinical significance. CIBERSORTx, an established RNA deconvolution algorithm, was used to impute immune cell proportions from 153 primary NBL tumors. Associations between immune proportions and overall/event-free survival were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves and evaluated using log-rank test. Of the 22 subpopulations imputed, M2 macrophages were the most abundant subtype in NBL tumors. Furthermore, monocytes, CD4+ naïve T cells, and CD4+ activated memory T cells were significantly associated with survival. Altogether, the findings suggest differences amongst certain immune cell subsets comprising NBL tumor infiltration and these differences may be important determinants of prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Batchu
- Cooper Medical School, Camden, NJ, United States.
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32
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Wei SJ, Nguyen TH, Yang IH, Mook DG, Makena MR, Verlekar D, Hindle A, Martinez GM, Yang S, Shimada H, Reynolds CP, Kang MH. MYC transcription activation mediated by OCT4 as a mechanism of resistance to 13-cisRA-mediated differentiation in neuroblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:368. [PMID: 32409685 PMCID: PMC7224192 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2563-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite the improvement in clinical outcome with 13-cis-retinoic acid (13-cisRA) + anti-GD2 antibody + cytokine immunotherapy given in first response ~40% of high-risk neuroblastoma patients die of recurrent disease. MYCN genomic amplification is a biomarker of aggressive tumors in the childhood cancer neuroblastoma. MYCN expression is downregulated by 13-cisRA, a differentiating agent that is a component of neuroblastoma therapy. Although MYC amplification is rare in neuroblastoma at diagnosis, we report transcriptional activation of MYC medicated by the transcription factor OCT4, functionally replacing MYCN in 13-cisRA-resistant progressive disease neuroblastoma in large panels of patient-derived cell lines and xenograft models. We identified novel OCT4-binding sites in the MYC promoter/enhancer region that regulated MYC expression via phosphorylation by MAPKAPK2 (MK2). OCT4 phosphorylation at the S111 residue by MK2 was upstream of MYC transcriptional activation. Expression of OCT4, MK2, and c-MYC was higher in progressive disease relative to pre-therapy neuroblastomas and was associated with inferior patient survival. OCT4 or MK2 knockdown decreased c-MYC expression and restored the sensitivity to 13-cisRA. In conclusion, we demonstrated that high c-MYC expression independent of genomic amplification is associated with disease progression in neuroblastoma. MK2-mediated OCT4 transcriptional activation is a novel mechanism for activating the MYC oncogene in progressive disease neuroblastoma that provides a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jen Wei
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Thinh H Nguyen
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - In-Hyoung Yang
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Dustin G Mook
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Monish Ram Makena
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dattesh Verlekar
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Ashly Hindle
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Gloria M Martinez
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Shengping Yang
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Biostatistics Department, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - C Patrick Reynolds
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Min H Kang
- Cancer Center, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood with a median age of presentation of 17 months. A common theme in high-risk neuroblastoma is maintenance of telomeres, one mechanism for which involves alternate lengthening of telomeres (ALT) associated with ATRX gene mutations. Mutations are believed to result in loss of ATRX protein, and therefore immunohistochemistry is used to detect mutations. We screened 133 cases of neuroblastoma by ATRX immunohistochemistry, and found 9 cases with partial to total absence of ATRX. Sequencing for ATRX mutations detected a mutation in 1 of 9 cases, suggesting immunostaining was not reliable for detecting mutations. To correlate immunostaining with ALT, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for ALT was performed in 6 of these cases and 5 (from 4 patients) showed ALT, implying impaired ATRX protein function, despite the failure to identify a mutation. Two other cases with large deletions in the ATRX gene showed diffusely positive staining for ATRX protein but showed ALT by FISH. Four of the 6 patients with ALT-positive tumors were over 5 years old. Therefore, 29 additional patients 5 years old and above with ATRX-positive tumors were screened for ALT by FISH and 6 additional cases with ALT were detected, bringing the total to 29% (10/34) of children 5 years old and above, 70% of which showed positive ATRX immunohistochemistry. Patients with ATRX mutations in neuroblastoma tend to have a more chronic and progressive course of disease. Screening neuroblastoma tumors at diagnosis for ATRX mutations may help identify patients who might benefit from personalized therapy directed against ALT. However, relaying on negative immunohistochemistry for ATRX protein to identify ALT in neuroblastoma may miss a significant proportion of patients. The addition of FISH for ALT as part of the diagnostic workup, especially for older children (5 y old and above), would help ensure that patients are correctly identified for anti-ALT therapy.
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Elhaj NOY, Nugud FA, Abuagla OA, Mohamedani AA, Haroun HM. Neuroblastoma in Sudan: experience of a single institute. Sudan J Paediatr 2020; 20:122-125. [PMID: 32817732 DOI: 10.24911/sjp.106-1570515379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NBL) is the most common malignant solid extracranial tumour in children. It accounts for about 8%-10% of overall childhood malignancies in developed countries and only 1%-3% in developing countries. We aim to study the clinical presentation and outcome of NBL in children treated at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan. This is a retrospective, descriptive, hospital-based study, where patients' records were reviewed from the years 2004-2015. During this period, 38 paediatric patients were treated in the Paediatric Oncology Unit at the NCI, accounting for about 4% of the overall childhood malignancies. Of them, 24 (63%) were males and 14 (37%) were females with a ratio of 1.7: 1. The age at presentation ranged between 2 months and 7 years with a mean age at the presentation of 3 years. Twenty-nine (76%) of them were classified as high-risk disease, no one received high-dose chemotherapy, 33(87%) died and only 5 (13%) achieved complete remission. This study reflects the poor outcome of NBL among Sudanese children which can be explained by the late presentation of the patients, lack of the diagnostic modalities and lack of the sophisticated treatment modalities for high-risk NBL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Huda Mohamed Haroun
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Madani, Sudan
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35
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Hussain G, Wang J, Rasul A, Anwar H, Qasim M, Zafar S, Aziz N, Razzaq A, Hussain R, de Aguilar JLG, Sun T. Current Status of Therapeutic Approaches against Peripheral Nerve Injuries: A Detailed Story from Injury to Recovery. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:116-134. [PMID: 31892850 PMCID: PMC6930373 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a complex condition with a variety of signs and symptoms such as numbness, tingling, jabbing, throbbing, burning or sharp pain. Peripheral nerves are fragile in nature and can easily get damaged due to acute compression or trauma which may lead to the sensory and motor functions deficits and even lifelong disability. After lesion, the neuronal cell body becomes disconnected from the axon's distal portion to the injury site leading to the axonal degeneration and dismantlement of neuromuscular junctions of targeted muscles. In spite of extensive research on this aspect, complete functional recovery still remains a challenge to be resolved. This review highlights detailed pathophysiological events after an injury to a peripheral nerve and the associated factors that can either hinder or promote the regenerative machinery. In addition, it throws light on the available therapeutic strategies including supporting therapies, surgical and non-surgical interventions to ameliorate the axonal regeneration, neuronal survival, and reinnervation of peripheral targets. Despite the availability of various treatment options, we are still lacking the optimal treatments for a perfect and complete functional regain. The need for the present age is to discover or design such potent compounds that would be able to execute the complete functional retrieval. In this regard, plant-derived compounds are getting more attention and several recent reports validate their remedial effects. A plethora of plants and plant-derived phytochemicals have been suggested with curative effects against a number of diseases in general and neuronal injury in particular. They can be a ray of hope for the suffering individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021 China
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Shamaila Zafar
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Nimra Aziz
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Aroona Razzaq
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Rashad Hussain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Translational Neuromedicine (SMD), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 645, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jose-Luis Gonzalez de Aguilar
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021 China
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36
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Coggins GE, Farrel A, Rathi KS, Hayes CM, Scolaro L, Rokita JL, Maris JM. YAP1 Mediates Resistance to MEK1/2 Inhibition in Neuroblastomas with Hyperactivated RAS Signaling. Cancer Res 2019; 79:6204-6214. [PMID: 31672841 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Relapsed neuroblastomas are enriched with activating mutations of the RAS-MAPK signaling pathway. The MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib delays tumor growth but does not sustain regression in neuroblastoma preclinical models. Recent studies have implicated the Hippo pathway transcriptional coactivator protein YAP1 as an additional driver of relapsed neuroblastomas, as well as a mediator of trametinib resistance in other cancers. Here, we used a highly annotated set of high-risk neuroblastoma cellular models to modulate YAP1 expression and RAS pathway activation to test whether increased YAP1 transcriptional activity is a mechanism of MEK1/2 inhibition resistance in RAS-driven neuroblastomas. In NLF (biallelic NF1 inactivation) and SK-N-AS (NRAS Q61K) cell lines, trametinib caused a near-complete translocation of YAP1 protein into the nucleus. YAP1 depletion sensitized neuroblastoma cells to trametinib, while overexpression of constitutively active YAP1 protein induced trametinib resistance. Mechanistically, significant enhancement of G1-S cell-cycle arrest, mediated by depletion of MYC/MYCN and E2F transcriptional output, sensitized RAS-driven neuroblastomas to trametinib following YAP1 deletion. These findings underscore the importance of YAP activity in response to trametinib in RAS-driven neuroblastomas, as well as the potential for targeting YAP in a trametinib combination. SIGNIFICANCE: High-risk neuroblastomas with hyperactivated RAS signaling escape the selective pressure of MEK inhibition via YAP1-mediated transcriptional reprogramming and may be sensitive to combination therapies targeting both YAP1 and MEK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Coggins
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alvin Farrel
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Komal S Rathi
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Colin M Hayes
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Laura Scolaro
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jo Lynne Rokita
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Center for Data-Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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37
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Serinan E, Altun Z, Aktaş S, Çeçen E, Olgun N. Comparison of Cisplatin with Lipoplatin in Terms of Ototoxicity. J Int Adv Otol 2019; 14:211-215. [PMID: 29460824 DOI: 10.5152/iao.2018.4097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cisplatin (CDDP) is an anti-neoplastic agent that has been used in treatments of both pediatric and adult cancers. It has many side effects, such as ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Lipoplatin (LIPO) is a nanomolecule with 110 nm diameter and composed of lipids and CDDP. In this study, we aimed to compare the toxic effects of LIPO with CDDP in the cochlear cells with anti-tumoral doses determined in neuroblastoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS House Ear Institute Organ Corti 1 (HEI-OC1), MYC-N amplified KELLY, and MYC-N non-amplified SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were used in this study. Firstly, anti-tumoral lethal dose 50 (LD50) of LIPO and CDDP were determined using the WST-1 assay in both neuroblastoma cells. Then anti-tumoral doses of CDDP and LIPO were applied on HEI-OC1 cells for evaluating the toxic effects. The apoptotic cell death was measured using flow cytometric analysis of annexin-V/7-amino-actinomycin (7-AAD) and cell cycle tests. RESULTS LIPO or CDDP inhibited cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner in both neuroblastoma and HEI-OC1 cells. LD50 values were selected as 20 mM for CDDP and 750 mM for LIPO in neuroblastoma cells. After the 48-hour incubation, KELLY cells treated with 20 mM CDDP and 750 mM LIPO had a 53% viability; SH-SY5Y cells treated 20 mM CDDP and 750 mM LIPO had a 45% and 58% viability, respectively; and HEI-OC1 cells treated with 20 mM CDDP and 750 mM LIPO had a 65% and 82% viability, respectively. CONCLUSION LIPO showed less toxic effects in the HEI-OC1 cells compared to CDDP at anti-tumoral doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efe Serinan
- Department of Basic Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Zekiye Altun
- Department of Basic Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Safiye Aktaş
- Department of Basic Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Emre Çeçen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Harran University School of Medicine, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Nur Olgun
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Oncology, İzmir, Turkey
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38
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Ho N, Peng H, Mayoh C, Liu PY, Atmadibrata B, Marshall GM, Li J, Liu T. Delineation of the frequency and boundary of chromosomal copy number variations in paediatric neuroblastoma. Cell Cycle 2019; 17:749-758. [PMID: 29353549 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2017.1421875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common solid tumour in early childhood, is characterized by very frequent chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs). While chromosome 2p amplification, 17q gain, 1p and 11q deletion in human neuroblastoma tissues are well-known, the exact frequencies and boundaries of the chromosomal CNVs have not been delineated. We analysed the publicly available single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data which were originally generated by the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) initiative, defined the frequencies and boundaries of chromosomes 2p11.2 - 2p25.3 amplification, 17q11.1-17q25.3 gain, 1p13.3-1p36.33 deletion and 11q13.3-11q25 deletion in neuroblastoma tissues, and identified chromosome 7q14.1 (Chr7:38254795-38346971) and chromosome 14q11.2 (Chr14:21637401-22024617) deletion in blood and bone marrow samples from neuroblastoma patients, but not in tumour tissues. Kaplan Meier analysis showed that double deletion of Chr7q14.1 and Chr14q11.2 correlated with poor prognosis in MYCN gene amplified neuroblastoma patients. In conclusion, the oncogenes amplified or gained and tumour suppressor genes deleted within the boundaries of chromosomal CNVs in tumour tissues should be studied for their roles in tumourigenesis and as therapeutic targets. Focal deletions of Chr7q14.1 and Chr14q11.2 together in blood and bone marrow samples from neuroblastoma patients can be used as a marker for poorer prognosis and more aggressive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Ho
- a Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Hui Peng
- b Advanced Analytics Institute , University of Technology , Broadway, Sydney , NSW 2007 , Australia
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- a Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Pei Y Liu
- a Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Bernard Atmadibrata
- a Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- a Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.,c Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital , Randwick , NSW 2031 , Australia
| | - Jinyan Li
- b Advanced Analytics Institute , University of Technology , Broadway, Sydney , NSW 2007 , Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- a Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research , University of New South Wales , Sydney , Australia.,d Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Medicine, UNSW Australia , Kensington, Sydney , NSW 2052 , Australia
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Ono S, Saito T, Terui K, Yoshida H, Enomoto H. Generation of conditional ALK F1174L mutant mouse models for the study of neuroblastoma pathogenesis. Genesis 2019; 57:e23323. [PMID: 31218818 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, an embryonal tumor arising from the sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla, is among the most intractable pediatric cancers. Although a variety of genetic changes have been identified in neuroblastoma, how they contribute to its pathogenesis remains largely unclear. Recent studies have identified alterations of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene in neuroblastoma; ALK F1174L (a phenylalanine-to-leucine substitution at codon 1174) represents one of the most frequent of these somatic mutations, and is associated with amplification of the MYCN gene, the most reliable marker for the poor survival. We engineered the mouse Alk locus so that ALK F1174L is expressed by its endogenous promoter and can be induced in a spatiotemporally controlled fashion using Cre-loxP system. Although expression of ALK F1174L resulted in enhanced proliferation of sympathetic ganglion progenitors and increased the size of the sympathetic ganglia, it was insufficient to cause neuroblastoma. However, lethal neuroblastoma frequently developed in mice co-expressing ALK F1174L and MYCN, even in a genetic background where MYCN alone does not cause overt tumors. These data reveal that physiological expression of ALK F1174L significantly potentiates the oncogenic ability of MYCN in vivo. Our conditional mutant mice provide a valuable platform for investigating the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachie Ono
- Laboratory for Neuronal Differentiation and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Keita Terui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideo Yoshida
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideki Enomoto
- Laboratory for Neuronal Differentiation and Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Neural Differentiation and Regeneration, Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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40
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Hu H, Zhang W, Huang D, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yi Y, Liu A, Li J. Clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of paediatric patients with metastatic neuroblastoma to the brain. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2019; 184:105372. [PMID: 31155296 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid malignancy in children. Metastatic involvement of brain is rare in NB. This study was established to evaluate the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of NB patients with brain metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS From September 2005 to December 2016, the clinical data of 15 cases with brain metastases among 264 NB patients admitted to Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University were collected and retrospectively analysed. The clinical features of the 15 patients were summarised, and the patients were grouped according to different treatment methods and followed up for a median time of 41 months. The survival curves were plotted, and the Log-rank test was performed to compare the effect of different treatment methods on the prognosis. RESULTS The proportion of brain metastases in NB patients in our hospital is 5.68% (15/264). For the prognosis of 15 NB cases, the survival time of combined radiotherapy and/or autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation group was longer than that of simple operation and chemotherapy group (61.79 ± 9.59 vs. 30.00 ± 5.99 months, P = 0.03). Among the 15 patients, 4 cases underwent intracranial tumor resection, 4 cases received craniospinal irradiation, and the rest received maintenance chemotherapy. The 2-year survival rate was 82.2%, and the 5-year survival rate was 19.9%. The survival time of combined intracranial surgery and/or radiotherapy group was significantly longer than that of the chemotherapy group (46.67 ± 6.69 vs. 16.42 ± 1.42 months, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of brain metastases NB in children is relatively small, but the prognosis is very poor. Active chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery-based comprehensive treatment can prolong the survival time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, West South road 2, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, PR China
| | - Weiling Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, West South road 2, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, West South road 2, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, PR China.
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, West South road 2, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, West South road 2, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, PR China
| | - You Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, West South road 2, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, PR China
| | - Aiping Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, West South road 2, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, West South road 2, Yizhuang Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, 100176, PR China
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Li Y, Zhuo ZJ, Zhou H, Liu J, Liu Z, Zhang J, Cheng J, Li S, Zhou H, Zhou R, He J, Zhao Y. Additional data support the role of LINC00673 rs11655237 C>T in the development of neuroblastoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:2369-2377. [PMID: 31005956 PMCID: PMC6520001 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most frequently diagnosed neural tumor of childhood. Abnormal function of the long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) LINC00673 has been implicated in various human malignancies. Genome-wide association studies revealed the LINC00673 rs11655237 C>T polymorphism to be associated with the risk of neuroblastoma, though the effect was not well defined, in part due to the small sample size in our earlier study. Herein, we verified the impact of LINC00673 rs11655237 C>T on the risk of neuroblastoma in 700 cases and 1516 controls from six centers in China. After pooling all enrolled patients, we observed a significant association between LINC00673 rs11655237 C>T and risk of neuroblastoma (TT vs. CC: adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.06-2.35, P=0.024; additive model: adjusted OR=1.20, 95% CI=1.03-1.39, P=0.020; recessive model: adjusted OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.02-2.22, P=0.040). Stratification analysis revealed a significant relationship between rs11655237 CT/TT and neuroblastoma risk in subgroups of males, patients whose tumor originated in the adrenal gland, and patients with clinical stage IV disease. These findings add new evidence of the importance of LINC00673 rs11655237 C>T to the risk of developing neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha 410004Hunan, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Zhen-Jian Zhuo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623Guangdong, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiang-ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013Hunan, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Jiabin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623Guangdong, China
| | - Zan Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha 410004Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052Henan, China
| | - Jiwen Cheng
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004Shaanxi, China
| | - Suhong Li
- Department of Pathology, Children Hospital and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030013Shannxi, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- Science and Education Section, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha 410004Hunan, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623Guangdong, China
| | - Yaowang Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hunan Children’s Hospital, Changsha 410004Hunan, China
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Klenke S, Akdeli N, Stelmach P, Heukamp L, Schulte JH, Bachmann HS. The small molecule Bcl-2/Mcl-1 inhibitor TW-37 shows single-agent cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma cell lines. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:243. [PMID: 30885150 PMCID: PMC6423774 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High-risk neuroblastoma with N-Myc amplification remains a therapeutic challenge in paediatric oncology. Antagonism of pro-death Bcl-2 homology (BH) proteins to pro-survival BH members such as Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 has become a treatment approach, but previous studies suggest that a combined inhibition of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 is necessary. TW-37 inhibits Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 with almost the same affinity. However, single-agent cytotoxicity of TW-37 in neuroblastoma cell lines has not been investigated. Methods Cell viability, apoptosis, proliferation and changes in growth properties were determined in SKNAS, IMR-5, SY5Y and Kelly cells after treatment with TW-37. After transfection with Mcl-1 or Bcl-2 siRNA, apoptosis and proliferation were investigated in Kelly cells. Mice with Kelly cell line xenografts were treated with TW-37 and tumor growth, survival and apoptosis were determined. Results Cell lines with N-Myc amplification were more sensitive to TW-37 treatment, IC50 values for IMR-5 and Kelly cells being 0.28 μM and 0.22 μM, compared to SY5Y cells and SKNAS cells (IC50 0.96 μM and 0.83 μM). Treatment with TW-37 resulted in increased apoptosis and reduced proliferation rates, especially in IMR5 and Kelly cells. Bcl-2 as well as Mcl-1 knockdown induced apoptosis in Kelly cells. TW-37 led to a decrease in tumor growth and a favorable survival (p = 0.0379) in a Kelly neuroblastoma xenografts mouse model. Conclusion TW-37 has strong single-agent cytotoxicity in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, combined inhibition of Bcl-2/Mcl-1 by TW-37 in N-Myc amplified neuroblastoma may represent an interesting therapeutic strategy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5439-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Klenke
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Neval Akdeli
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Patrick Stelmach
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lukas Heukamp
- NEO New Oncology AG, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Hematopathology Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes H Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hagen S Bachmann
- Institute of Pharmacogenetics, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany. .,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Stockumer Str 10, 58453, Witten, Germany.
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Transcriptome profiling of caspase-2 deficient EμMyc and Th-MYCN mouse tumors identifies distinct putative roles for caspase-2 in neuronal differentiation and immune signaling. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:56. [PMID: 30670683 PMCID: PMC6343006 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1296-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-2 is a highly conserved cysteine protease with roles in apoptosis and tumor suppression. Our recent findings have also demonstrated that the tumor suppression function of caspase-2 is context specific. In particular, while caspase-2 deficiency augments lymphoma development in the EμMyc mouse model, it leads to delayed neuroblastoma development in Th-MYCN mice. However, it is unclear how caspase-2 mediates these differential outcomes. Here we utilized RNA sequencing to define the transcriptomic changes caused by caspase-2 (Casp2−/−) deficiency in tumors from EμMyc and Th-MYCN mice. We describe key changes in both lymphoma and neuroblastoma-associated genes and identified differential expression of the EGF-like domain-containing gene, Megf6, in the two tumor types that may contribute to tumor outcome following loss of Casp2. We identified a panel of genes with altered expression in Th-MYCN/Casp2−/− tumors that are strongly associated with neuroblastoma outcome, with roles in melanogenesis, Wnt and Hippo pathway signaling, that also contribute to neuronal differentiation. In contrast, we found that key changes in gene expression in the EμMyc/Casp2−/− tumors, are associated with increased immune signaling and T-cell infiltration previously associated with more aggressive lymphoma progression. In addition, Rap1 signaling pathway was uniquely enriched in Casp2 deficient EμMyc tumors. Our findings suggest that Casp2 deficiency augments immune signaling pathways that may be in turn, enhance lymphomagenesis. Overall, our study has identified new genes and pathways that contribute to the caspase-2 tumor suppressor function and highlight distinct roles for caspase-2 in different tissues.
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44
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Yang TW, Sahu D, Chang YW, Hsu CL, Hsieh CH, Huang HC, Juan HF. RNA-Binding Proteomics Reveals MATR3 Interacting with lncRNA SNHG1 To Enhance Neuroblastoma Progression. J Proteome Res 2018; 18:406-416. [PMID: 30516047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with one or more RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is important to a plethora of cellular and physiological processes. The lncRNA SNHG1 was reported to be aberrantly expressed and associated with poor patient prognosis in several cancers including neuroblastoma. However, the interacting RBPs and biological functions associated with SNHG1 in neuroblastoma remain unknown. In this study, we identified 283, 31, and 164 SNHG1-interacting proteins in SK-N-BE(2)C, SK-N-DZ, and SK-N-AS neuroblastoma cells, respectively, using a RNA-protein pull-down assay coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Twenty-four SNHG1-interacting RBPs were identified in common from these three neuroblastoma cell lines. RBPs MATR3, YBX1, and HNRNPL have the binding sites for SNHG1 predicted by DeepBind motif analysis. Furthermore, the direct binding of MATR3 with SNHG1 was validated by Western blot and confirmed by RNA immunoprecipitation assay (RIP). Coexpression analysis revealed that the expression of SNHG1 is positively correlated with MATR3 ( P = 3.402 × 10-13). The high expression of MATR3 is associated with poor event-free survival ( P = 0.00711) and overall survival ( P = 0.00064). Biological functions such as ribonucleoprotein complex biogenesis, RNA processing, and RNA splicing are significantly enriched and in common between SNHG1 and MATR3. In conclusion, we identified MATR3 as binding to SNHG1 and the interaction might be involved in splicing events that enhance neuroblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Divya Sahu
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112 , Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | | | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei 112 , Taiwan
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45
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Aygun N, Altungoz O. MYCN is amplified during S phase, and c‑myb is involved in controlling MYCN expression and amplification in MYCN‑amplified neuroblastoma cell lines. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:345-361. [PMID: 30483774 PMCID: PMC6297758 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma derived from primitive sympathetic neural precursors is a common type of solid tumor in infants. MYCN proto-oncogene bHLH transcription factor (MYCN) amplification and 1p36 deletion are important factors associated with the poor prognosis of neuroblastoma. Expression levels of MYCN and c-MYB proto-oncogene transcription factor (c-myb) decline during the differentiation of neuroblastoma cells; E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) activates the MYCN promoter. However, the underlying mechanism of MYCN overexpression and amplification requires further investigation. In the present study, potential c-Myb target genes, and the effect of c-myb RNA interference (RNAi) on MYCN expression and amplification were investigated in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell lines. The mRNA expression levels and MYCN gene copy number in five neuroblastoma cell lines were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. In addition, variations in potential target gene expression and MYCN gene copy number between pre- and post-c-myb RNAi treatment groups in MYCN-amplified Kelly, IMR32, SIMA and MHH-NB-11 cell lines, normalized to those of non-MYCN-amplified SH-SY5Y, were examined. To determine the associations between gene expression levels and chromosomal aberrations, MYCN amplification and 1p36 alterations in interphases/metaphases were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Statistical analyses revealed correlations between 1p36 alterations and the expression of c-myb, MYB proto-oncogene like 2 (B-myb) and cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21). Additionally, the results of the present study also demonstrated that c-myb may be associated with E2F1 and L3MBTL1 histone methyl-lysine binding protein (L3MBTL1) expression, and that E2F1 may contribute to MYCN, B-myb, p21 and chromatin licensing and DNA replication factor 1 (hCdt1) expression, but to the repression of geminin (GMNN). On c-myb RNAi treatment, L3MBTL1 expression was silenced, while GMNN was upregulated, indicating G2/M arrest. In addition, MYCN gene copy number increased following treatment with c-myb RNAi. Notably, the present study also reported a 43.545% sequence identity between upstream of MYCN and Drosophila melanogaster amplification control element 3, suggesting that expression and/or amplification mechanisms of developmentally-regulated genes may be evolutionarily conserved. In conclusion, c-myb may be associated with regulating MYCN expression and amplification. c-myb, B-myb and p21 may also serve a role against chromosome 1p aberrations. Together, it was concluded that MYCN gene is amplified during S phase, potentially via a replication-based mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevim Aygun
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Oguz Altungoz
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
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46
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ZNF281 inhibits neuronal differentiation and is a prognostic marker for neuroblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7356-7361. [PMID: 29941555 PMCID: PMC6048510 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801435115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastomas (NBs) show undifferentiated/poorly differentiated morphology as a distinctive feature. We have identified the transcription factor ZNF281 as a factor that can counteract the neuronal differentiation of primary neurons in culture and NB cells. The expression of ZNF281 is inhibited by TAp73 and promoted by MYCN. In turn, ZNF281 inhibits the expression of GDNF and NRP2, two proteins associated with neuronal differentiation. In patients with NB, the expression of ZNF281 is higher in high-risk patients and is associated with worse prognosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate neuronal differentiation is relevant for the identification of defects in this process that underlie the development of tumors such as NB, in which an aberrant differentiation arrest has occurred. Derangement of cellular differentiation because of mutation or inappropriate expression of specific genes is a common feature in tumors. Here, we show that the expression of ZNF281, a zinc finger factor involved in several cellular processes, decreases during terminal differentiation of murine cortical neurons and in retinoic acid-induced differentiation of neuroblastoma (NB) cells. The ectopic expression of ZNF281 inhibits the neuronal differentiation of murine cortical neurons and NB cells, whereas its silencing causes the opposite effect. Furthermore, TAp73 inhibits the expression of ZNF281 through miR34a. Conversely, MYCN promotes the expression of ZNF281 at least in part by inhibiting miR34a. These findings imply a functional network that includes p73, MYCN, and ZNF281 in NB cells, where ZNF281 acts by negatively affecting neuronal differentiation. Array analysis of NB cells silenced for ZNF281 expression identified GDNF and NRP2 as two transcriptional targets inhibited by ZNF281. Binding of ZNF281 to the promoters of these genes suggests a direct mechanism of repression. Bioinformatic analysis of NB datasets indicates that ZNF281 expression is higher in aggressive, undifferentiated stage 4 than in localized stage 1 tumors supporting a central role of ZNF281 in affecting the differentiation of NB. Furthermore, patients with NB with high expression of ZNF281 have a poor clinical outcome compared with low-expressors. These observations suggest that ZNF281 is a controller of neuronal differentiation that should be evaluated as a prognostic marker in NB.
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47
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Sahu D, Ho SY, Juan HF, Huang HC. High-risk, Expression-Based Prognostic Long Noncoding RNA Signature in Neuroblastoma. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2018; 2:pky015. [PMID: 31360848 PMCID: PMC6649748 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pky015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current clinical risk factors stratify patients with neuroblastoma (NB) for appropriate treatments, yet patients with similar clinical behaviors evoke variable responses. MYCN amplification is one of the established drivers of NB and, when combined with high-risk displays, worsens outcomes. Growing high-throughput transcriptomics studies suggest long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) dysregulation in cancers, including NB. However, expression-based lncRNA signatures are altered by MYCN amplification, which is associated with high-risk, and patient prognosis remains limited. Methods We investigated RNA-seq-based expression profiles of lncRNAs in MYCN status and risk status in a discovery cohort (n = 493) and validated them in three independent cohorts. In the discovery cohort, a prognostic association of lncRNAs was determined by univariate Cox regression and integrated into a signature using the risk score method. A novel risk score threshold selection criterion was developed to stratify patients into risk groups. Outcomes by risk group and clinical subgroup were assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariable Cox regression. The performance of lncRNA signatures was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results In the discovery cohort, 16 lncRNAs that were differentially expressed (fold change ≥ 2 and adjusted P ≤ 0.01) integrated into a prognostic signature. A high risk score group of lncRNA signature had poor event-free survival (EFS; P < 1E-16). Notably, lncRNA signature was independent of other clinical risk factors when predicting EFS (hazard ratio = 3.21, P = 5.95E-07). The findings were confirmed in independent cohorts (P = 2.86E-02, P = 6.18E-03, P = 9.39E-03, respectively). Finally, the lncRNA signature had higher accuracy for EFS prediction (area under the curve = 0.788, 95% confidence interval = 0.746 to 0.831). Conclusions Here, we report the first (to our knowledge) RNA-seq 16-lncRNA prognostic signature for NB that may contribute to precise clinical stratification and EFS prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sahu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology.,Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Ying Ho
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fen Juan
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Cheng Huang
- Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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48
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Tadeo I, Gamero-Sandemetrio E, Berbegall AP, Gironella M, Ritort F, Cañete A, Bueno G, Navarro S, Noguera R. Lymph microvascularization as a prognostic indicator in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:26157-26170. [PMID: 29899849 PMCID: PMC5995242 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid pediatric cancer and causes approximately 15% of all childhood deaths from cancer. Although lymphatic vasculature is a prerequisite for the maintenance of tissue fluid balance and immunity in the body, little is known about the relationship between lymphatic vascularization and prognosis in neuroblastoma. We used our previously-published custom-designed tool to close open-outline vessels and measure the density, size and shape of all lymphatic vessels and microvascular segments in 332 primary neuroblastoma contained in tissue microarrays. The results were correlated with clinical and biological features of known prognostic value and with risk of progression to establish histological lymphatic vascular patterns associated with unfavorable histology. A high proportion of irregular intermediate lymphatic capillaries and irregular small collector vessels were present in tumors from patients with metastatic stage, undifferentiating neuroblasts and/or classified in the high risk. In addition, a higher lymphatic microvascularization density was found to be predictive of overall survival. Our findings show the crucial role of lymphatic vascularization in metastatic development and maintenance of tumor tissue homeostasis. These patterns may therefore help to indicate more accurate pre-treatment risk stratification and could provide candidate targets for novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tadeo
- Pathology Department, Medical School, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Gamero-Sandemetrio
- Pathology Department, Medical School, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana P Berbegall
- Pathology Department, Medical School, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gironella
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Ritort
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Gloria Bueno
- VISILAB, E.T.S.I. Industriales, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Samuel Navarro
- Pathology Department, Medical School, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Noguera
- Pathology Department, Medical School, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
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Colla R, Izzotti A, De Ciucis C, Fenoglio D, Ravera S, Speciale A, Ricciarelli R, Furfaro AL, Pulliero A, Passalacqua M, Traverso N, Pronzato MA, Domenicotti C, Marengo B. Glutathione-mediated antioxidant response and aerobic metabolism: two crucial factors involved in determining the multi-drug resistance of high-risk neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:70715-70737. [PMID: 27683112 PMCID: PMC5342585 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma, a paediatric malignant tumor, is initially sensitive to etoposide, a drug to which many patients develop chemoresistance. In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for etoposide chemoresistance, HTLA-230, a human MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell line, was chronically treated with etoposide at a concentration that in vitro mimics the clinically-used dose. The selected cells (HTLA-Chr) acquire multi-drug resistance (MDR), becoming less sensitive than parental cells to high doses of etoposide or doxorubicin. MDR is due to several mechanisms that together contribute to maintaining non-toxic levels of H2O2. In fact, HTLA-Chr cells, while having an efficient aerobic metabolism, are also characterized by an up-regulation of catalase activity and higher levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), a thiol antioxidant compound. The combination of such mechanisms contributes to prevent membrane lipoperoxidation and cell death. Treatment of HTLA-Chr cells with L-Buthionine-sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH biosynthesis, markedly reduces their tumorigenic potential that is instead enhanced by the exposure to N-Acetylcysteine, able to promote GSH synthesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that GSH and GSH-related responses play a crucial role in the acquisition of MDR and suggest that GSH level monitoring is an efficient strategy to early identify the onset of drug resistance and to control the patient's response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Colla
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Izzotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, Italy.,IRCCS AOU San Martino IST Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara De Ciucis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniela Fenoglio
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Ravera
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Speciale
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Mario Passalacqua
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicola Traverso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Cinzia Domenicotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Barbara Marengo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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Zammit V, Baron B, Ayers D. MiRNA Influences in Neuroblast Modulation: An Introspective Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9010026. [PMID: 29315268 PMCID: PMC5793179 DOI: 10.3390/genes9010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common occurring solid paediatric cancer in children under the age of five years. Whether of familial or sporadic origin, chromosome abnormalities contribute to the development of NB and cause dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs are small non-coding, single stranded RNAs that target messenger RNAs at the post-transcriptional levels by repressing translation within all facets of human physiology. Such gene 'silencing' activities by miRNAs allows the development of regulatory feedback loops affecting multiple functions within the cell, including the possible differentiation of neural stem cell (NSC) lineage selection. Neurogenesis includes stages of self-renewal and fate specification of NSCs, migration and maturation of young neurones, and functional integration of new neurones into the neural circuitry, all of which are regulated by miRNAs. The role of miRNAs and their interaction in cellular processes are recognised aspects of cancer genetics, and miRNAs are currently employed as biomarkers for prognosis and tumour characterisation in multiple cancer models. Consequently, thorough understanding of the mechanisms of how these miRNAs interplay at the transcriptomic level will definitely lead to the development of novel, bespoke and efficient therapeutic measures, with this review focusing on the influences of miRNAs on neuroblast modulations leading to neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zammit
- National Blood Transfusion Service, St. Luke's Hospital, PTA1010 G'Mangia, Malta.
- School of Biomedical Science and Physiology, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton WV1 1LY, UK.
| | - Byron Baron
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta.
| | - Duncan Ayers
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD2080 Msida, Malta.
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
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