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Chang CW, Shih HC, Cortes-Medina MG, Beshay PE, Avendano A, Seibel AJ, Liao WH, Tung YC, Song JW. Extracellular Matrix-Derived Biophysical Cues Mediate Interstitial Flow-Induced Sprouting Angiogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15047-15058. [PMID: 36916875 PMCID: PMC11078157 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sprouting angiogenesis is orchestrated by an intricate balance of biochemical and mechanical cues in the local tissue microenvironment. Interstitial flow has been established as a potent regulator of angiogenesis. Similarly, extracellular matrix (ECM) physical properties, such as stiffness and microarchitecture, have also emerged as important mediators of angiogenesis. However, the interplay between interstitial flow and ECM physical properties in the initiation and control of angiogenesis is poorly understood. Using a three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic tissue analogue of angiogenic sprouting with defined interstitial flow superimposed over ECM with well-characterized physical properties, we found that the addition of hyaluronan (HA) to collagen-based matrices significantly enhances sprouting induced by interstitial flow compared to responses in collagen-only hydrogels. We confirmed that both the stiffness and matrix pore size of collagen-only hydrogels were increased by the addition of HA. Interestingly, interstitial flow-potentiated sprouting responses in collagen/HA matrices were not affected when functionally blocking the HA receptor CD44. In contrast, enzymatic depletion of HA in collagen/HA matrices with hyaluronidase (HAdase) resulted in decreased stiffness, pore size, and interstitial flow-mediated sprouting to the levels observed in collagen-only matrices. Taken together, these results suggest that HA enhances interstitial flow-mediated angiogenic sprouting through its alterations to collagen ECM stiffness and pore size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wen Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Hsiu-Chen Shih
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115-29, Taiwan
| | - Marcos G Cortes-Medina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Peter E Beshay
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Alex Avendano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Alex J Seibel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Wei-Hao Liao
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115-29, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Tung
- Research Center for Applied Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115-29, Taiwan
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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2
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Islam W, Tsutsuki H, Ono K, Harada A, Shinozaki K, Niidome T, Fang J, Sawa T. Structural Determination of the Nanocomplex of Borate with Styrene-Maleic Acid Copolymer-Conjugated Glucosamine Used as a Multifunctional Anticancer Drug. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5953-5964. [PMID: 36480740 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of effective anticancer drugs is essential for chemotherapy that specifically targets cancer tissues. We recently synthesized a multifunctional water-soluble anticancer polymer drug consisting of styrene-maleic acid copolymer (SMA) conjugated with glucosamine and boric acid (BA) (SGB complex). It demonstrated about 10 times higher tumor-selective accumulation compared with accumulation in normal tissues because of the enhanced permeability and retention effect, and it inhibited tumor growth via glycolysis inhibition, mitochondrial damage, and thermal neutron irradiation. Gaining insight into the anticancer effects of this SGB complex requires a determination of its structure. We therefore investigated the chemical structure of the SGB complex by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. To establish the chemical structure of the SGB complex, we synthesized a simple model compound─maleic acid-glucosamine (MAG) conjugate─by using a maleic anhydride (MA) monomer unit instead of the SMA polymer. We obtained two MAG-BA complexes (MAGB) with molecular weights of 325 and 343 after the MAG reaction with BA. We confirmed, by using IR spectroscopy, that MAGB formed a stable complex via an amide bond between MA and glucosamine and that BA bound to glucosamine via a diol bond. As a result of this chemical design, identified via analysis of MAGB, the SGB complex can release BA and demonstrate toxicity to cancer cells through inhibition of lactate secretion in mild hypoxia that mimics the tumor microenvironment. For clinical application of the SGB complex, we confirmed that this complex is stable in the presence of serum. These findings confirm that our design of the SGB complex has various advantages in targeting solid cancers and exerting therapeutic effects when combined with neutron irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waliul Islam
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan.,BioDynamics Research Foundation, Kumamoto 862-0954, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ono
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Ayaka Harada
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kozo Shinozaki
- BioDynamics Research Foundation, Kumamoto 862-0954, Japan
| | - Takuro Niidome
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Fang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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3
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葛 钰, 卢 林, 田 澍, 肖 雨, 谢 尚, 王 琪, 支 慧. [Agkistrodon halys venom antitumor component-I inhibits vasculogenic mimicry in triple-negative breast cancer cells in vitro by down-regulating MMP2]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:438-442. [PMID: 35426810 PMCID: PMC9010989 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.03.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect of agkistrodon halys venom antitumor component-I (AHVAC-I) on vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells and explore its possible mechanism. METHODS CCK8 assay was used to determine the optimal concentration of AHVAC-I for cell treatment based on its halfinhibitory concentration (IC50). MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with different concentrations of AHVAC-I or 5-Fu, and the changes in vasomimetic capacity of the cells were examined using Matrigel assay. The expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and MMP9 in the treated cells were detected using quantitative PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the control treatment with culture medium, treatment with 5, 10 and 20 μg/mL AHVAC-I significantly reduced vasomimetic ability of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). MMP2 supplementation obviously restored the vasomimetic ability of the cells inhibited by AHVAC-I. CONCLUSION AHVAC-I inhibits VM formation in triplenegative breast cancer cells in vitro by down-regulating MMP2 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- 钰 葛
- />皖南医学院病理解剖教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 林明 卢
- />皖南医学院病理解剖教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 澍雨 田
- />皖南医学院病理解剖教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 雨 肖
- />皖南医学院病理解剖教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 尚富 谢
- />皖南医学院病理解剖教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 琪 王
- />皖南医学院病理解剖教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - 慧 支
- />皖南医学院病理解剖教研室,安徽 芜湖 241002Department of Pathology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
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4
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Bioengineered siRNA-Based Nanoplatforms Targeting Molecular Signaling Pathways for the Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Preclinical and Clinical Advancements. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100929. [PMID: 33003468 PMCID: PMC7599839 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive types of breast cancer. Owing to the absenteeism of hormonal receptors expressed at the cancerous breast cells, hormonal therapies and other medications targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are ineffective in TNBC patients, making traditional chemotherapeutic agents the only current appropriate regimen. Patients' predisposition to relapse and metastasis, chemotherapeutics' cytotoxicity and resistance and poor prognosis of TNBC necessitates researchers to investigate different novel-targeted therapeutics. The role of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in silencing the genes/proteins that are aberrantly overexpressed in carcinoma cells showed great potential as part of TNBC therapeutic regimen. However, targeting specificity, siRNA stability, and delivery efficiency cause challenges in the progression of this application clinically. Nanotechnology was highlighted as a promising approach for encapsulating and transporting siRNA with high efficiency-low toxicity profile. Advances in preclinical and clinical studies utilizing engineered siRNA-loaded nanotherapeutics for treatment of TNBC were discussed. Specific and selective targeting of diverse signaling molecules/pathways at the level of tumor proliferation and cell cycle, tumor invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis and tumor microenvironment, and chemotherapeutics' resistance demonstrated greater activity via integration of siRNA-complexed nanoparticles.
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Mughees M, Samim M, Sharma Y, Wajid S. Identification of protein targets and the mechanism of the cytotoxic action of Ipomoea turpethum extract loaded nanoparticles against breast cancer cells. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:6048-6063. [PMID: 31549130 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The shortcomings of the currently available anti-breast cancer agents compel the development of the safer targeted drug delivery for the treatment of breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-breast cancer potential of Ipomoea turpethum extract loaded nanoparticles (NIPAAM-VP-AA) against breast cancer, together with the identification of the key proteins responsible for the caused cytotoxicity. For this, we explored the tumor microenvironment for targeted drug delivery and synthesized (temperature and pH responsive) double triggered polymeric nanoparticles by the free radical mechanism and characterized them by DLS and TEM. The extract which emerged as the best extract, i.e. root extract, was loaded on the nanoparticles and the cytotoxicity was evaluated in breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) by various cytotoxic assays like MTT assay, CFSE cell proliferation assay, apoptosis assay, cell cycle study and DAPI nuclear staining. The key protein targets responsible for the caused cytotoxicity were identified by nano-LC-MS/MS analysis. The proteome analysis revealed that most of the significantly differentially expressed proteins have a role in proliferation, vesicular trafficking, apoptosis and tumor suppression. Finally, the interaction among the highly differentially expressed proteins was identified by using the STRING online tool, which showed that I. turpethum nanoparticles caused apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA MB-231 cells by targeting nucleolysin TIAR, serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1 and ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mughees
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, India.
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6
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Pharmacogenomics, Pharmacokinetics and Circulating Proteins as Biomarkers for Bevacizumab Treatment Optimization in Patients with Cancer: A Review. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10030079. [PMID: 32759686 PMCID: PMC7563856 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets VEGF-A and inhibits tumor angiogenesis. Bevacizumab is approved for the treatment of various cancer, including metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), ovarian cancer, lung cancer, and others. Thus, it is widely used in oncology, but contrary to other therapeutic classes, there is still a lack of validating predictive factors for treatment outcomes with these agents. In recent years, the research for factors predictive of anti-VEGF treatments and especially bevacizumab response has been one of the most competitive translational research fields. Herein, we review and present the available literature of the clinical use of biomarkers, pharmacogenomics (PG), and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) approaches that can be used for the optimization of bevacizumab use in the era of precision medicine.
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7
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Babak MV, Zalutsky MR, Balyasnikova IV. Heterogeneity and vascular permeability of breast cancer brain metastases. Cancer Lett 2020; 489:174-181. [PMID: 32561415 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of systemic breast cancer have led to a prolongation in patient survival. Unfortunately, these advances are also associated with an increased incidence of brain metastases (BM), with the result that many patients succumb due to BM treatment failure. Intracranial delivery of many chemotherapeutic agents and other therapeutics is hindered by the presence of an impermeable blood-brain barrier (BBB) designed to protect the brain from harmful substances. The formation of BM compromises the integrity of the BBB, resulting in a highly heterogeneous blood-tumor barrier (BTB) with varying degrees of vascular permeability. Here, we discuss how blood vessels play an important role in the formation of brain micrometastases as well as in the transformation from poorly permeable BM to highly permeable BM. We then review the role of BTB vascular permeability in the diagnostics and the choice of treatment regimens for breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) and discuss whether the vasculature of primary breast cancers can serve as a biomarker for BM. Specifically, we examine the association between the vascular permeability of BCBM and their accumulation of large molecules such as antibodies, which remains largely unexplored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Babak
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center; 311 Research Drive, Box 3808, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Superior Street, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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8
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Das SK, Maji S, Wechman SL, Bhoopathi P, Pradhan AK, Talukdar S, Sarkar D, Landry J, Guo C, Wang XY, Cavenee WK, Emdad L, Fisher PB. MDA-9/Syntenin (SDCBP): Novel gene and therapeutic target for cancer metastasis. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104695. [PMID: 32061839 PMCID: PMC7551653 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The primary cause of cancer-related death from solid tumors is metastasis. While unraveling the mechanisms of this complicated process continues, our ability to effectively target and treat it to decrease patient morbidity and mortality remains disappointing. Early detection of metastatic lesions and approaches to treat metastases (both pharmacological and genetic) are of prime importance to obstruct this process clinically. Metastasis is complex involving both genetic and epigenetic changes in the constantly evolving tumor cell. Moreover, many discrete steps have been identified in metastatic spread, including invasion, intravasation, angiogenesis, attachment at a distant site (secondary seeding), extravasation and micrometastasis and tumor dormancy development. Here, we provide an overview of the metastatic process and highlight a unique pro-metastatic gene, melanoma differentiation associated gene-9/Syntenin (MDA-9/Syntenin) also called syndecan binding protein (SDCBP), which is a major contributor to the majority of independent metastatic events. MDA-9 expression is elevated in a wide range of carcinomas and other cancers, including melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme and neuroblastoma, suggesting that it may provide an appropriate target to intervene in metastasis. Pre-clinical studies confirm that inhibiting MDA-9 either genetically or pharmacologically profoundly suppresses metastasis. An additional benefit to blocking MDA-9 in metastatic cells is sensitization of these cells to a second therapeutic agent, which converts anti-invasion effects to tumor cytocidal effects. Continued mechanistic and therapeutic insights hold promise to advance development of truly effective therapies for metastasis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Santanu Maji
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Stephen L Wechman
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Praveen Bhoopathi
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Anjan K Pradhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sarmistha Talukdar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Joseph Landry
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Webster K Cavenee
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Haines IE, Gabor Miklos GL. Bevacizumab Moonshots: An Important Outcome From the Latest Ovarian Cancer Mission. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:171-172. [PMID: 31697588 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Edwin Haines
- Ian Edwin Haines, MBBS, Monash University at Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia; and George L. Gabor Miklos, PhD, Atomic Oncology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George L Gabor Miklos
- Ian Edwin Haines, MBBS, Monash University at Cabrini Health, Malvern, Victoria, Australia; and George L. Gabor Miklos, PhD, Atomic Oncology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Kim D, Lee J, Kang J, Kim SH, Yoo TK, Oh S, Lee A. Notch1 in Tumor Microvascular Endothelial Cells and Tumoral miR-34a as Prognostic Markers in Locally Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2019; 22:562-578. [PMID: 31897330 PMCID: PMC6933032 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2019.22.e56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with poor prognosis with limited treatment options. Angiogenesis is known to be involved in the progression of TNBC, and targeting this pathway results in modest clinical benefits. In this study, we analyzed the role of tumor microvascular endothelial Notch1 (EC Notch1) and tumoral miR-34a as prognostic markers in patients with TNBC. Methods The expression of miR-34a was analyzed using archival tumor tissues from 114 patients with TNBC. Simultaneously, archival tumor tissues were also checked for the expression of CD34 and Notch1 by immunostaining. The ratio of Notch1-microvascular density (MVD) to CD34-MVD was defined as EC Notch1. The association between the expression of miR-34a or EC Notch1 and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. Results In the overall patient population, patients with low expression of EC Notch1 was associated with better overall survival (OS, p = 0.041) than those with high expression of EC Notch1. In lymph node-positive TNBC patients, high levels of miR-34a and low levels of EC Notch1 correlated significantly with higher survival benefits in terms of OS (p = 0.026), disease-free survival (p = 0.009), and metastasis-free survival (p = 0.038) relative to that in other patients. Decreased expression of EC Notch1 and increased expression of miR-34a also showed a survival benefit in locally advanced TNBC. Conclusion The fact that miR-34a and EC Notch1 are associated with the angiogenesis suggests that angiogenesis may play a role in the development and progression of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmin Kim
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Kang
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Hun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Kyung Yoo
- Division of Breast-Thyroid Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sooeun Oh
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahwon Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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11
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Zhao Z, Li Y, Shukla R, Liu H, Jain A, Barve A, Cheng K. Development of a Biocompatible Copolymer Nanocomplex to Deliver VEGF siRNA for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Theranostics 2019; 9:4508-4524. [PMID: 31285776 PMCID: PMC6599648 DOI: 10.7150/thno.34314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most difficult breast cancer subtype to treat. TNBC patients have significantly higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tumors compared to non-TNBC patients. VEGF not only exerts its pro-angiogenic effects on endothelial cells but also acts as a survival and autocrine growth factor for VEGF receptor (VEGFR) expressing cancer cells. Silencing the expression of VEGF is therefore a potential therapy for TNBC. Methods: A novel biocompatible linear copolymer poly[bis(ε-Lys-PEI)Glut-PEG] (PLEGP) was developed to deliver VEGF siRNA for TNBC therapy. The copolymer is composed of lysine and glutaric acid, a natural metabolite of amino acids in the body. Low-molecular weight polyethyleneimine (PEI) was grafted to the copolymer to efficiently condense siRNA into nanocomplex without inducing cytotoxicity. Various in vitro studies were performed to evaluate the stability, cellular uptake, tumor penetration, and biological activities of the VEGF siRNA nanocomplex. The anti-tumor activities of the nanocomplex was also evaluated in an orthotopic TNBC mouse model. Results: PEIs with different molecular weights were evaluated, and the copolymer PLEGP1800 was able to easily form a stable nanocomplex with siRNAs and protect them from serum degradation. The siRNA/PLEGP1800 nanocomplex exhibited negligible cytotoxicity but showed high cellular uptake, high transfection efficiency, and high tumor penetration. In vitro activity studies showed that the siRNA nanocomplex significantly inhibited migration and invasion of TNBC cells. Moreover, the VEGF siRNA nanocomplex efficiently inhibited tumor growth in an orthotopic TNBC mouse model and down-regulated VEGF expression in the tumor. Conclusion: PLEGP1800 is a safe and efficient copolymer to deliver siRNAs for TNBC therapy. It could potentially be applied to other cancers by changing the cargo and incorporating tumor-specific ligands.
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12
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Wang JC, Li GY, Wang B, Han SX, Sun X, Jiang YN, Shen YW, Zhou C, Feng J, Lu SY, Liu JL, Wang MD, Liu PJ. Metformin inhibits metastatic breast cancer progression and improves chemosensitivity by inducing vessel normalization via PDGF-B downregulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:235. [PMID: 31164151 PMCID: PMC6549289 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Vascular maturity and functionality are closely associated with tumor progression and chemosensitivity. The antidiabetic agent metformin has shown its ability to inhibit tumor angiogenesis in metastatic breast cancer models. However, it remains unclear if or how metformin remodels the abnormal vasculature of metastatic breast cancer, while inhibiting angiogenesis. Methods Metastatic breast cancer models were constructed to compare microvessel density (MVD), vascular maturity and function, lung metastasis and chemosensitivity in metformin-treated or untreated mice. Protein array assay and transcriptome sequencing were performed for genetic screening. Lentiviral shRNA-PDGF-B transfection was used for observing the contribution of PDGF-B knockdown to metformin’s vascular effects. Results Metastatic breast cancers were characterized by an excessively angiogenic, immature and morphologically abnormal vasculature. Compared to control, metformin significantly reduced MVD, leakage and hypoxia, and increased vascular mural cells coverage and perfusion, namely, “vessel normalization”. Metformin at human blood concentrations had no direct effect on the migration and proliferation of cancer cells. Based on that, reduced lung metastasis of the primary tumor and improved chemosensitization by metformin were assumed to be mediated via metformin’s vascular effects. Further results of genetic screening and in vivo experiments showed that the downregulation of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) greatly contributed to the metformin-induced vessel normalization. Conclusions These findings provide pre-clinical evidences for the vascular mechanism of metformin-induced metastasis inhibition and the chemosensitization of metastatic breast cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1211-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chang Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.,Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 of the Western Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guang-Yue Li
- Department of Science and Technology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 of the Western Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Su-Xia Han
- Department of Oncological Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Na Jiang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Wei Shen
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Can Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shao-Ying Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Lin Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Mao-De Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 of the Western Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Pei-Jun Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 of the Western Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China. .,Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 of the Western Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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13
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Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease driven not only by evolutionally diverse cancer cell themselves but also by highly dynamic microenvironment. At the center of the tumor microenvironment, tumor vasculature plays multiple roles from supporting tumor growth to providing a route for metastasis to the distant organ sites. Blood vessels in breast cancer present with perfusion defects associated with vessel dilation, tortuosity, and poor perivascular coverage (Li et al., Ultrasound Med 32:1145-1155, 2013; Eberhard et al., Cancer Res 60:1388-1393, 2000; Cooke et al., Cancer Cell 21:66-81, 2012). Such abnormal vascular system is partly due to the morphological and molecular alteration of pericytes that is accompanied by a significant heterogeneity within the populations (Kim et al., JCI Insight 1:e90733, 2016). While pericytes are implicated for their controversial roles in breast cancer metastasis (Cooke et al., Cancer Cell 21:66-81, 2012; Gerhardt and Semb, J Mol Med (Berl) 86:135-144, 2008; Keskin et al., Cell Rep 10:1066-1081, 2015; Meng et al., Future Oncol 11:169-179, 2015; Xian et al., J Clin Invest 116:642-651, 2006), the impact of their heterogeneity on breast cancer progression, metastasis, intratumoral immunity, and response to chemotherapy are largely unknown. Due to the complexity of angiogenic programs of breast cancer, the anti-angiogenic or anti-vascular treatment has been mostly unsuccessful (Tolaney et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 112:14325-14330, 2015; Mackey et al., Cancer Treat Rev 38:673-688, 2012; Sledge, J Clin Oncol 33:133-135, 2015) and requires much in-depth knowledge on different components of tumor microenvironment and how these stromal cells are interacting and communicating to each other. Therefore, understanding pericyte heterogeneity and their differential functional contribution will shed light on new potential approaches to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiha Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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14
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Liang X, Li H, Coussy F, Callens C, Lerebours F. An update on biomarkers of potential benefit with bevacizumab for breast cancer treatment: Do we make progress? Chin J Cancer Res 2019; 31:586-600. [PMID: 31564802 PMCID: PMC6736652 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the first monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bevacizumab (BEV) is a definitely controversial antiangiogenic therapy in breast cancer. The initial excitement over improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) with BEV was tempered by an absence of overall survival (OS) benefit and serious adverse effects. Missing targeted population urged us to identify the predictive biomarkers for BEV efficacy. In this review we focus on the research in breast cancer and provide recent investigations on clinical, radiological, molecular and gene profiling markers of BEV efficacy, including the new results from randomized phase III clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of BEV in combination with comprehensive biomarker analyses. Current evidences indicate some predictive values for genetic variants, molecular imaging, VEGF pathway factors or associated factors in peripheral blood and gene profiling. The current challenge is to validate those potential biomarkers and implement them into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China.,Pharmacogenomic Unit, Department of Genetics, Curie Institute, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Huiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Breast Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Florence Coussy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Celine Callens
- Pharmacogenomic Unit, Department of Genetics, Curie Institute, PSL Research University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Florence Lerebours
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, René Huguenin Hospital, Saint-Cloud 92210, France
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15
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Xie W, Zhang Y, He Y, Zhang K, Wan G, Huang Y, Zhou Z, Huang G, Wang J. A novel recombinant human Frizzled-7 protein exhibits anti-tumor activity against triple negative breast cancer via abating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 103:45-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Baker JHE, Kyle AH, Reinsberg SA, Moosvi F, Patrick HM, Cran J, Saatchi K, Häfeli U, Minchinton AI. Heterogeneous distribution of trastuzumab in HER2-positive xenografts and metastases: role of the tumor microenvironment. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:691-705. [PMID: 30196384 PMCID: PMC6209006 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Most HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients continue to relapse. Incomplete access to all target HER2-positive cells in metastases and tumor tissues is a potential mechanism of resistance to trastuzumab. The location of locally bound trastuzumab was evaluated in HER2-positive tissues in vivo and as in vivo xenografts or metastases models in mice. Microenvironmental elements of tumors were related to bound trastuzumab using immunohistochemical staining and include tight junctions, vasculature, vascular maturity, vessel patency, hypoxia and HER2 to look for correlations. Trastuzumab was evaluated alone and in combination with bevacizumab. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging parameters of overall vascular function, perfusion and apparent permeability were compared with matched histological images of trastuzumab distribution and vascular patency. Trastuzumab distribution is highly heterogeneous in all models examined, including avascular micrometastases of the brain and lung. Trastuzumab distributes well through the extravascular compartment even in conditions of high HER2 expression and poor convective flow in vivo. Microregional patterns of trastuzumab distribution in vivo do not consistently correlate with vascular density, patency, function or maturity; areas of poor trastuzumab access are not necessarily those with poor vascular supply. The number of vessels with perivascular trastuzumab increases with time and higher doses and dramatically decreases when pre-treated with bevacizumab. Areas of HER2-positive tissue without bound trastuzumab persist in all conditions. These data directly demonstrate tissue- and vessel-level barriers to trastuzumab distribution in vivo that can effectively limit access of the drug to target cells in brain metastases and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hazel Elizabeth Baker
- Integrative Oncology - Radiation Biology Unit, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Alastair Hugh Kyle
- Integrative Oncology - Radiation Biology Unit, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | | | - Firas Moosvi
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Haley Margaret Patrick
- Integrative Oncology - Radiation Biology Unit, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Jordan Cran
- Integrative Oncology - Radiation Biology Unit, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
| | - Katayoun Saatchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Urs Häfeli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew Ivor Minchinton
- Integrative Oncology - Radiation Biology Unit, BC Cancer Research Centre, 675 West 10th Ave, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3 Canada
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17
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Siddharth S, Nayak A, Das S, Nayak D, Panda J, Wyatt MD, Kundu CN. The soluble nectin-4 ecto-domain promotes breast cancer induced angiogenesis via endothelial Integrin-β4. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 102:151-160. [PMID: 30056265 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells secrete diffusible factors into the microenvironment that bind to specific endothelial cell receptors and initiate an angiogenesis cascade. Tumor-induced angiogenesis is an important parameter of tumorigenesis and is critical for tumor growth and metastasis. A pvrl-4 encoded gene, NECTIN-4, has potential roles in cancer cell growth and aggressiveness, and it is only expressed in cancer cells. There is evidence that nectin-4 plays a role in tumorigenesis, but the function of nectin-4 in tumor angiogenesis has lacked thorough evidence of mechanism. Using highly metastatic breast cancer cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we have developed an excellent angiogenesis model and systematically studied the contribution of nectin-4 to angiogenesis. We also provide in-depth in ovo, in vivo and in vivo evidence that nectin-4 causes angiogenesis. Following hypoxia, metastatic breast cancer stem cells (mBCSCs) driven ADAM-17 expression causes the shedding of the ecto-domain of nectin-4 into the microenvironment, which physically interacts with integrin-β4 specifically on endothelial cells. This interaction promotes angiogenesis via the Src, PI3K, AKT, iNOS pathway and not by Phospho-Erk or NF-κβ pathways. In vitro, in ovo and in vivo induction and abrogation of an angiogenesis cascade in the presence and absence of the nectin-4 ecto-domain, respectively, confirms its role in angiogenesis. Thus, disrupting the interaction between nectin-4 ecto-domain and integrin-β4 may provide a means of targeting mBCSC-induced angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Siddharth
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Anmada Nayak
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Sarita Das
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Deepika Nayak
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Jyochanamayi Panda
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Department, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Michael D Wyatt
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Chanakya Nath Kundu
- Cancer Biology Division, School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Deemed to be University, Campus-11, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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18
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Arai RJ, Petry V, Hoff PM, Mano MS. Serum levels of VEGF and MCSF in HER2+ / HER2- breast cancer patients with metronomic neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Biomark Res 2018; 6:20. [PMID: 29946467 PMCID: PMC6001168 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-018-0135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronomic therapy has been gaining importance in the neoadjuvant setting of breast cancer treatment. Its clinical benefits may involve antiangiogenic machinery. Cancer cells induce angiogenesis to support tumor growth by secreting factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In breast cancer, Trastuzumab (TZM) based treatment is of key importance and is believed to reduce diameter and volume of blood vessels as well as vascular permeability. Here in we investigated serum levels of angiogenic factors VEGF and MCSF in patients receiving metronomic neoadjuvant therapy with or without TZM. We observed in HER2+ cohort stable levels of MCSF through treatment, whereas VEGF trend was of decreasing levels. In HER2- cohort we observed increasing levels of MCSF and VEGF trend. Overall, HER2+ patients had better pathological response to treatment. These findings suggest that angiogenic pathway may be involved in TZM anti-tumoral effect in the neoadjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto J Arai
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 01246-000, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, SP 251 Brazil
| | - Vanessa Petry
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 01246-000, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, SP 251 Brazil
| | - Paulo M Hoff
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 01246-000, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, SP 251 Brazil
| | - Max S Mano
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 01246-000, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, São Paulo, SP 251 Brazil
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19
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Fang J, Šubr V, Islam W, Hackbarth S, Islam R, Etrych T, Ulbrich K, Maeda H. N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide polymer conjugated pyropheophorbide-a, a promising tumor-targeted theranostic probe for photodynamic therapy and imaging. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 130:165-176. [PMID: 29885851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) using polymeric photosensitizers is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. In this study, we synthesized a pHPMA conjugated pyropheophorbide-a (P-PyF) as a cancer theranostic agent for PDT and photodynamic diagnostics (PDD). Pyropheophorbide-a has one carboxyl group which was conjugated to pHPMA via amide bond yielding the intended product with high purity. In aqueous solutions, P-PyF showed a mean particle size of ∼200 nm as it forms micelle which exhibited fluorescence quenching and thus very little singlet oxygen (1O2) production. In contrast, upon disruption of micelle strong fluorescence and 1O2 production were observed. In vitro study clearly showed the PDT effect of P-PyF. More potent 1O2 production and PDT effect were observed during irradiation at ∼420 nm, the maximal absorbance of pyropheophorbide-a, than irradiation at longer wavelength (i.e., ∼680 nm), suggesting selection of proper absorption light is essential for successful PDT. In vivo study showed high tumor accumulation of P-PyF compared with most of normal tissues due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, which resulting in superior antitumor effect under irradiation using normal xenon light source of endoscope, and clear tumor imaging profiles even in the metastatic lung cancer at 28 days after administration of P-PyF. On the contrary irradiation using long wavelength (i.e., ∼680 nm), the lowest Q-Band, exhibited remarkable tumor imaging effect with little autofluorescence of background. These findings strongly suggested P-PyF may be a potential candidate-drug for PDT/PDD, particularly using two different wavelength for treatment and detection/imaging, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Fang
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan.
| | - Vladimír Šubr
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Waliul Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Steffen Hackbarth
- Institute of Physics, Photobiophysics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rayhanul Islam
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovsky sq. 2, 16206 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; BioDynamics Research Foundation, Kumamoto 862-0954, Japan; Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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20
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Luengo-Gil G, Gonzalez-Billalabeitia E, Perez-Henarejos SA, Navarro Manzano E, Chaves-Benito A, Garcia-Martinez E, Garcia-Garre E, Vicente V, Ayala de la Peña F. Angiogenic role of miR-20a in breast cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194638. [PMID: 29617404 PMCID: PMC5884522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis is a key process for tumor progression and a target for treatment. However, the regulation of breast cancer angiogenesis and its relevance for clinical resistance to antiangiogenic drugs is still incompletely understood. Recent developments on the contribution of microRNA to tumor angiogenesis and on the oncogenic effects of miR-17-92, a miRNA cluster, point to their potential role on breast cancer angiogenesis. The aim of this work was to establish the contribution of miR-20a, a member of miR-17-92 cluster, to tumor angiogenesis in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Methods Tube-formation in vitro assays with conditioned medium from MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines were performed after transfection with miR-20a and anti-miR20a. For clinical validation of the experimental findings, we performed a retrospective analysis of a series of consecutive breast cancer patients (n = 108) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and with a full characterization of their vessel pattern and expression of angiogenic markers in pre-treatment biopsies. Expression of members of the cluster miR-17-92 and of angiogenic markers was determined by RT-qPCR after RNA purification from FFPE samples. Results In vitro angiogenesis assays with endothelial cells and conditioned media from breast cancer cell lines showed that transfection with anti-miR20a in MDA-MB-231 significantly decreased mean mesh size and total mesh area, while transfection with miR-20a in MCF7 cells increased mean mesh size. MiR-20a angiogenic effects were abrogated by treatment with aflibercept, a VEGF trap. These results were supported by clinical data showing that mir-20a expression was higher in tumors with no estrogen receptor or with more extensive nodal involvement (cN2-3). A higher miR-20a expression was associated with higher mean vessel size (p = 0.015) and with an angiogenic pattern consisting in larger vessels, higher VEGFA expression and presence of glomeruloid microvascular proliferations (p<0.001). This association was independent of tumor subtype and VEGFA expression. Conclusions Transfection of breast cancer cells with miR-20a induces vascular changes in endothelial tube-formation assays. Expression of miR-20a in breast invasive carcinomas is associated with a distinctive angiogenic pattern consisting in large vessels, anomalous glomeruloid microvascular proliferations and high VEGFA expression. Our results suggest a role for miR-20a in the regulation of breast cancer angiogenesis, and raise the possibility of its use as an angiogenic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gines Luengo-Gil
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Enrique Gonzalez-Billalabeitia
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergio Alejo Perez-Henarejos
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Esther Navarro Manzano
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Elena Garcia-Martinez
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Elisa Garcia-Garre
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Vicente Vicente
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco Ayala de la Peña
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer y Centro Regional de Hemodonación, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Analyses of repeated failures in cancer therapy for solid tumors: poor tumor-selective drug delivery, low therapeutic efficacy and unsustainable costs. Clin Transl Med 2018. [PMID: 29541939 PMCID: PMC5852245 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For over six decades reductionist approaches to cancer chemotherapies including recent immunotherapy for solid tumors produced outcome failure-rates of 90% (±5) according to governmental agencies and industry. Despite tremendous public and private funding and initial enthusiasm about missile-therapy for site-specific cancers, molecular targeting drugs for specific enzymes such as kinases or inhibitors of growth factor receptors, the outcomes are very bleak and disappointing. Major scientific reasons for repeated failures of such therapeutic approaches are attributed to reductionist approaches to research and infinite numbers of genetic mutations in chaotic molecular environment of solid tumors that are bases of drug development. Safety and efficacy of candidate drugs tested in test tubes or experimental tumor models of rats or mice are usually evaluated and approved by FDA. Cost-benefit ratios of such ‘targeted’ therapies are also far from ideal as compared with antibiotics half a century ago. Such alarming records of failure of clinical outcomes, the increased publicity for specific vaccines (e.g., HPV or flu) targeting young and old populations, along with increasing rise of cancer incidence and death created huge and unsustainable cost to the public around the globe. This article discusses a closer scientific assessment of current cancer therapeutics and vaccines. We also present future logical approaches to cancer research and therapy and vaccines.
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VEGFR2 targeted antibody fused with MICA stimulates NKG2D mediated immunosurveillance and exhibits potent anti-tumor activity against breast cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16445-61. [PMID: 26909862 PMCID: PMC4941327 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of MHC class I-related chain molecules A and B (MICA/B) to the natural killer (NK) cell receptor NK group 2, member D (NKG2D) is thought critical for activating NK-mediated immunosurveillance. Angiogenesis is important for tumor growth and interfering with angiogenesis using the fully human IgG1 anti-VEGFR2 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) antibody (mAb04) can be effective in treating malignancy. In an effort to make mAb04 more effective we have generated a novel antibody fusion protein (mAb04-MICA) consisting of mAb04 and MICA. We found that mAb04-MICA maintained the anti-angiogenic and antineoplastic activities of mAb04, and also enhanced immunosurveillance activated by the NKG2D pathway. Moreover, in human breast tumor-bearing nude mice, mAb04-MICA demonstrated superior anti-tumor efficacy compared to combination therapy of mAb04 + Docetaxel or Avastin + Docetaxel, highlighting the immunostimulatory effect of MICA. In conclusion, mAb04-MICA provided new inspiration for anti-tumor treatment and had prospects for clinical application.
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Islam W, Fang J, Etrych T, Chytil P, Ulbrich K, Sakoguchi A, Kusakabe K, Maeda H. HPMA copolymer conjugate with pirarubicin: In vitro and ex vivo stability and drug release study. Int J Pharm 2017; 536:108-115. [PMID: 29133205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a tumor environment-responsive polymeric anticancer prodrug containing pirarubicin (THP) conjugated to N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide copolymer (PHPMA), [P-THP], through a spacer containing pH-sensitive hydrazone bond, that showed remarkable therapeutic effect against various tumor models and in a human pilot study. Toward clinical development, here we report THP release profile from its HPMA copolymer conjugate, the conjugate stability, protein and cell-binding and solubility of P-THP. Size exclusion chromatography of P-THP (molecular weight 38 kDa) showed similar hydrodynamic volume as bovine serum albumin (BSA) in aqueous solution, with no apparent interactions with BSA, nor aggregation by itself. pH-responsive release of free THP was reconfirmed at pHs 6.5 and lower. The drug release was significantly affected by a type of used buffer. Phosphate buffer seems to facilitate faster hydrazone bond cleavage at pH 7.4 whereas higher stability was achieved in L-arginine solution which yielded only little cleavage and THP release, approx. 15% within 2 weeks at the same pH at 25 °C. Furthermore, ex vivo study using sera of different animal species showed very high stability of P-THP. Incubation with blood showed high stability of P-THP during circulation, without binding to blood cells. These findings revealed that L-arginine solution provides appropriate media for formulation of P-THP infusion solution as tumor-targeted polymeric anticancer drug based on EPR effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waliul Islam
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Nanoscience, School of Engineering, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Jun Fang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Tomas Etrych
- The Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chytil
- The Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Ulbrich
- The Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Akihiro Sakoguchi
- Department of Nanoscience, School of Engineering, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsuki Kusakabe
- Department of Nanoscience, School of Engineering, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Biodynamic Research Foundation, Kenshin Bldg 3F, Kuwamizu 1-chome, 24-6 Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 862-0954, Japan.
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Mansour M, Teo ZL, Luen SJ, Loi S. Advancing Immunotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2017; 18:35. [PMID: 28534250 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-017-0478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Despite many advances in the treatment of breast cancer, the development of metastatic disease remains an incurable and frequent cause of cancer death for women worldwide. An improved understanding of the role of host immunosurveillance in modulating breast cancer disease biology, as well as impressive survival benefits seen to checkpoint blockade in other malignancies have provided great hope for an expanding role of immunotherapies in breast cancer management. While these novel therapies are currently being investigated in clinical trials, signals of efficacy, and tolerability in early phase studies suggest these will eventually make their way into standard practice algorithms. Ongoing research has highlighted a high degree of intertumoural heterogeneity in tumour lymphocytic infiltrates, suggesting some tumours or subtypes are more immunogenic than others. Furthermore, tumour intrinsic mechanisms of immune evasion are beginning to be uncovered, potentially representing key therapeutic targets to use in combination with checkpoint blockade, exemplifying the emerging concept of personalised medicine approaches to immune therapies. Subsequently, different immunotherapeutic strategies may be required based on stratification by these factors-for the minority of tumours with a high level of pre-existing immunity, immune checkpoint blockade monotherapy may be sufficient. However, for the majority of tumours with lower levels of pre-existing immunity, combination approaches will likely be required to achieve maximal therapeutic effect. Results of ongoing clinical trials including combinations with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapies are eagerly awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Mansour
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Zhi Ling Teo
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Luen
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
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Khatami M. Safety concerns and hidden agenda behind HPV vaccines: another generation of drug-dependent society? Clin Transl Med 2016; 5:46. [PMID: 27921284 PMCID: PMC5138175 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-016-0126-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyses of data and hidden agenda behind repeated failed outcomes of cancer research and therapy, status of American health, safety concerns for HPV vaccines and future research considerations are summarized in this commentary. A closer look at cancer science reveals that highly power structure (system) in medical establishment vs. anti-system and chaos in cancer research (‘medical/scientific ponzi schemes’) is potent recipe for failed therapeutics that kills patients but generates huge corporate profit. American health status ranks last among other developed nations despite the highest amount that USA invests in healthcare. This is a wake-up call to make sure that the evil part of human being does not prevent the health services that the public deserves. Otherwise, ‘it does not matter how many resources you have, if you don’t know, or don’t want to know, how to use them, they will never be enough’. Answer to cancer and improved public health is possible only by switching the current corruptive and abusive culture of ‘who you know’ to a culture of ‘what you know’. Policy makers and professionals in decision making roles are urged to return to common sense and logics that our Forefathers used to serve the public.
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Martin JD, Fukumura D, Duda DG, Boucher Y, Jain RK. Reengineering the Tumor Microenvironment to Alleviate Hypoxia and Overcome Cancer Heterogeneity. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:a027094. [PMID: 27663981 PMCID: PMC5131751 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors consist of cancer cells and stromal cells, including resident and transiting immune cells-all ensconced in an extracellular matrix (ECM)-nourished by blood vessels and drained by lymphatic vessels. The microenvironment constituents are abnormal and heterogeneous in morphology, phenotype, and physiology. Such irregularities include an inefficient tumor vascular network comprised of leaky and compressed vessels, which impair blood flow and oxygen delivery. Low oxygenation in certain tumor regions-or focal hypoxia-is a mediator of cancer progression, metastasis, immunosuppression, and treatment resistance. Thus, repairing an abnormal and heterogeneous microenvironment-and hypoxia in particular-can significantly improve treatments of solid tumors. Here, we summarize two strategies to reengineer the tumor microenvironment (TME)-vessel normalization and decompression-that can alleviate hypoxia. In addition, we discuss how these two strategies alone and in combination with each other-or other therapeutic strategies-may overcome the challenges posed by cancer heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Martin
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Dai Fukumura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Dan G Duda
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Yves Boucher
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
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Wong PP, Bodrug N, Hodivala-Dilke KM. Exploring Novel Methods for Modulating Tumor Blood Vessels in Cancer Treatment. Curr Biol 2016; 26:R1161-R1166. [PMID: 27825457 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have explored the potential of targeting tumor angiogenesis in cancer treatment. Anti-angiogenesis monotherapy, which reduces blood vessel numbers, may still hold some promise in cancer treatment, but thus far it has only provided a modest effect on overall survival benefits. When combined with standard chemotherapies, some significant improvements in cancer therapy have been reported. However, anti-angiogenesis therapies can have undesirable effects, including the induction of tumor hypoxia and reduction of delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs. Interestingly, anti-angiogenic drugs, such as bevacizumab, when used at lower doses, can actually induce vascular normalization (that is, they improve blood vessel function and flow) and potentially enhance co-administrated chemotherapeutic drug delivery. Unfortunately, vascular normalization is a difficult approach to apply in clinical settings. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore new approaches for modulating the tumor vasculature. Here, we explore how vascular promotion strategies (which enhance blood vessel numbers and leakiness) may be optimized for combination therapies as an alternative option for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Pui Wong
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Natalia Bodrug
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Kairbaan M Hodivala-Dilke
- Centre for Tumor Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Subhani S, Vavilala DT, Mukherji M. HIF inhibitors for ischemic retinopathies and cancers: options beyond anti-VEGF therapies. Angiogenesis 2016; 19:257-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-016-9510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
Metastasis is the underlying cause of death for the majority of breast cancer patients. Despite significant advances in recent years in basic research and clinical development, therapies that specifically target metastatic breast cancer remain inadequate, and represents the single greatest obstacle to reducing mortality of late-stage breast cancer. Recent efforts have leveraged genomic analysis of breast cancer and molecular dissection of tumor-stromal cross-talk to uncover a number of promising candidates for targeted treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Rational combinations of therapeutic agents targeting tumor-intrinsic properties and microenvironmental components provide a promising strategy to develop precision treatments with higher specificity and less toxicity. In this review, we discuss the emerging therapeutic targets in breast cancer metastasis, from tumor-intrinsic pathways to those that involve the host tissue components, including the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States.
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Abstract
Tumour metastasis, the movement of tumour cells from a primary site to progressively colonize distant organs, is a major contributor to the deaths of cancer patients. Therapeutic goals are the prevention of an initial metastasis in high-risk patients, shrinkage of established lesions and prevention of additional metastases in patients with limited disease. Instead of being autonomous, tumour cells engage in bidirectional interactions with metastatic microenvironments to alter antitumour immunity, the extracellular milieu, genomic stability, survival signalling, chemotherapeutic resistance and proliferative cycles. Can targeting of these interactions significantly improve patient outcomes? In this Review preclinical research, combination therapies and clinical trial designs are re-examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia S Steeg
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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31
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Di Desidero T, Xu P, Man S, Bocci G, Kerbel RS. Potent efficacy of metronomic topotecan and pazopanib combination therapy in preclinical models of primary or late stage metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:42396-410. [PMID: 26623560 PMCID: PMC4767441 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronomic chemotherapy has shown promising activity in numerous preclinical studies and also some phase II clinical studies involving various tumor types, and is currently undergoing phase III trial evaluation. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive histological subtype with limited treatment options and very poor prognosis following progression after standard chemotherapeutic regimens. Herein, we evaluated the potential therapeutic impact and molecular mechanisms of topotecan administered in a continuous low-dose metronomic (LDM) manner, alone or in concurrent combination with pazopanib, an antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), in a triple-negative, primary and metastatic breast cancer orthotopic model; potential molecular mechanisms of efficacy were also studied, especially the impact of hypoxic conditions. The combination of metronomic topotecan and pazopanib significantly enhanced antitumor activity compared to monotherapy with either drug and prolonged survival, even in the advanced metastatic survival setting, with a marked decrease in tumor vascularity, proliferative index, and the induction of apoptosis. Significant changes in tumor angiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, HIF1α levels, HIF-1 target genes and ABCG2 were found both in vitro and in tumor tissue. Notably, the pazopanib and metronomic topotecan combination treatment inhibited expression of HIF1α and ABCG2 genes in cells grown under hypoxic conditions, and this was associated with an increased intracellular concentration of the active form of topotecan. Our results suggest a potential novel therapeutic option for the treatment of metastatic triple-negative breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Di Desidero
- Biologic Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Divisione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ping Xu
- Biologic Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shan Man
- Biologic Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Guido Bocci
- Divisione di Farmacologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Robert S. Kerbel
- Biologic Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Role of vascular density and normalization in response to neoadjuvant bevacizumab and chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:14325-30. [PMID: 26578779 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1518808112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Preoperative bevacizumab and chemotherapy may benefit a subset of breast cancer (BC) patients. To explore potential mechanisms of this benefit, we conducted a phase II study of neoadjuvant bevacizumab (single dose) followed by combined bevacizumab and adriamycin/cyclophosphamide/paclitaxel chemotherapy in HER2-negative BC. The regimen was well-tolerated and showed a higher rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) in triple-negative (TN)BC (11/21 patients or 52%, [95% confidence interval (CI): 30,74]) than in hormone receptor-positive (HR)BC [5/78 patients or 6% (95%CI: 2,14)]. Within the HRBCs, basal-like subtype was significantly associated with pCR (P = 0.007; Fisher exact test). We assessed interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and tissue biopsies before and after bevacizumab monotherapy and circulating plasma biomarkers at baseline and before and after combination therapy. Bevacizumab alone lowered IFP, but to a smaller extent than previously observed in other tumor types. Pathologic response to therapy correlated with sVEGFR1 postbevacizumab alone in TNBC (Spearman correlation 0.610, P = 0.0033) and pretreatment microvascular density (MVD) in all patients (Spearman correlation 0.465, P = 0.0005). Moreover, increased pericyte-covered MVD, a marker of extent of vascular normalization, after bevacizumab monotherapy was associated with improved pathologic response to treatment, especially in patients with a high pretreatment MVD. These data suggest that bevacizumab prunes vessels while normalizing those remaining, and thus is beneficial only when sufficient numbers of vessels are initially present. This study implicates pretreatment MVD as a potential predictive biomarker of response to bevacizumab in BC and suggests that new therapies are needed to normalize vessels without pruning.
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Woo J, Cohen SA, Grim JE. Targeted therapy in gastroesophageal cancers: past, present and future. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2015; 3:316-29. [PMID: 26510453 PMCID: PMC4650980 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gov052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal cancer is a significant global problem that frequently presents at an incurable stage and has very poor survival with standard chemotherapy approaches. This review will examine the epidemiology and molecular biology of gastroesophageal cancer and will focus on the key deregulated signaling pathways that have been targeted in the clinic. A comprehensive overview of clinical data highlighting successes and failures with targeted agents will be presented. Most notably, HER2-targeted therapy with the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab has proven beneficial in first-line therapy and has been incorporated into standard practice. Targeting the VEGF pathway has also proven beneficial, and the VEGFR-targeted monoclonal antibody ramucirumab is now approved for second-line therapy. In contrast to these positive results, agents targeting the EGFR and MET pathways have been evaluated extensively in gastroesophageal cancer but have repeatedly failed to show benefit. An increased understanding of the molecular predictors of response to targeted therapies is sorely needed. In the future, improved molecular pathology approaches should subdivide this heterogeneous disease entity to allow individualization of cancer therapy based on integrated and global identification of deregulated signaling pathways. Better patient selection, rational combinations of targeted therapies and incorporation of emerging immunotherapeutic approaches should further improve the treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janghee Woo
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and
| | - Stacey A Cohen
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and
| | - Jonathan E Grim
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA and Hospital and Specialty Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
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Luengo-Gil G, González-Billalabeitia E, Chaves-Benito A, García Martínez E, García Garre E, Vicente V, Ayala de la Peña F. Effects of conventional neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer on tumor angiogenesis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 151:577-87. [PMID: 25967462 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of breast cancer conventional chemotherapy on tumor angiogenesis need to be further characterized. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an ideal model to evaluate the results of chemotherapy, allowing intra-patient direct comparison of antitumor and antiangiogenic effects. We sought to analyze the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on tumor angiogenesis and its clinical significance in breast cancer. Breast cancer patients (n = 108) treated with neoadjuvant sequential anthracyclines and taxanes were studied. Pre- and post-chemotherapy microvessel density (MVD) and mean vessel size (MVS) were analyzed after CD34 immunohistochemistry and correlated with tumor expression of pro- and antiangiogenic factors (VEGFA, THBS1, HIF1A, CTGF, and PDGFA) by qRT-PCR. Angiogenic measures at diagnosis varied among breast cancer subtypes. Pre-treatment higher MVS was associated with triple-negative subtype and more advanced disease. Higher MVS was correlated with higher VEGFA (p = 0.003), while higher MVD was correlated with lower antiangiogenic factors expression (THBS1, p < 0.0001; CTGF, p = 0.001). Increased angiogenesis at diagnosis (high MVS and glomeruloid microvascular proliferation) and higher VEGFA expression were associated with tumor recurrence (p = 0.048 and 0.009, respectively). Chemotherapy-induced angiogenic response (defined as decreased MVD) was present in 35.2 % of patients. This response correlated with an increase in antiangiogenic factors (THBS1) without changes in VEGFA expression, and it was associated with tumor downstaging, but not with clinical response, pathologic complete response, or prognosis. Global effects of chemotherapy mainly consisted in an increased expression of antiangiogenic factors (THBS1, CTGF), with significant changes neither of tumor VEGFA nor of MVS. Conventionally scheduled neoadjuvant chemotherapy exerts antiangiogenic effects, through an increase in antiangiogenic factors, THBS1 and CTGF, but the expression of VEGFA is maintained after treatment. Better markers of angiogenic response and a better understanding of the cooperation of chemotherapy and antiangiogenic therapy in the neoadjuvant clinical scenario are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginés Luengo-Gil
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Morales Meseguer, Avda. Marqués de los Vélez, s/n, 30008, Murcia, Spain
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35
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Kristensen TB, Knutsson MLT, Wehland M, Laursen BE, Grimm D, Warnke E, Magnusson NE. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in breast cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:23024-41. [PMID: 25514409 PMCID: PMC4284752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151223024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neo-angiogenesis is a critical process for tumor growth and invasion and has become a promising target in cancer therapy. This manuscript reviews three currently relevant anti-angiogenic agents targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor system: bevacizumab, ramucirumab and sorafenib. The efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs in adjuvant therapy or as neo-adjuvant treatment has been estimated in clinical trials of advanced breast cancer. To date, the overall observed clinical improvements are unconvincing, and further research is required to demonstrate the efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs in breast cancer treatments. The outcomes of anti-angiogenic therapy have been highly variable in terms of tumor response. New methods are needed to identify patients who will benefit from this regimen. The development of biomarkers and molecular profiling are relevant research areas that may strengthen the ability to focus anti-angiogenic therapy towards suitable patients, thereby increase the cost-effectiveness, currently estimated to be inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Bøgelund Kristensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
| | - Malin L T Knutsson
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
| | - Markus Wehland
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg D-39120, Germany.
| | - Britt Elmedal Laursen
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Wilhelm Meyers Allé 4, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
| | - Elisabeth Warnke
- Clinic for Plastic, Aesthetic and Hand Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, Magdeburg D-39120, Germany.
| | - Nils E Magnusson
- Medical Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Nørrebrogade 44, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark.
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