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Saito S, Mizumoto S, Yonekura T, Yamashita R, Nakano K, Okubo T, Yamada S, Okamura T, Furuichi T. Mice lacking nucleotide sugar transporter SLC35A3 exhibit lethal chondrodysplasia with vertebral anomalies and impaired glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284292. [PMID: 37053259 PMCID: PMC10101523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC35A3 is considered an uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) transporter in mammals and regulates the branching of N-glycans. A missense mutation in SLC35A3 causes complex vertebral malformation (CVM) in cattle. However, the biological functions of SLC35A3 have not been fully clarified. To address these issues, we have established Slc35a3-/-mice using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system. The generated mutant mice were perinatal lethal and exhibited chondrodysplasia recapitulating CVM-like vertebral anomalies. During embryogenesis, Slc35a3 mRNA was expressed in the presomitic mesoderm of wild-type mice, suggesting that SLC35A3 transports UDP-GlcNAc used for the sugar modification that is essential for somite formation. In the growth plate cartilage of Slc35a3-/-embryos, extracellular space was drastically reduced, and many flat proliferative chondrocytes were reshaped. Proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation were not affected in the chondrocytes of Slc35a3-/-mice, suggesting that the chondrodysplasia phenotypes were mainly caused by the abnormal extracellular matrix quality. Because these histological abnormalities were similar to those observed in several mutant mice accompanying the impaired glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis, GAG levels were measured in the spine and limbs of Slc35a3-/-mice using disaccharide composition analysis. Compared with control mice, the amounts of heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate, were significantly decreased in Slc35a3-/-mice. These findings suggest that SLC35A3 regulates GAG biosynthesis and the chondrodysplasia phenotypes were partially caused by the decreased GAG synthesis. Hence, Slc35a3-/- mice would be a useful model for investigating the in vivo roles of SLC35A3 and the pathological mechanisms of SLC35A3-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Saito
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Co-Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yonekura
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Co-Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Rina Yamashita
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Co-Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakano
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okubo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Furuichi
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Co-Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
- Laboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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Cruz Marino T, Leblanc J, Pratte A, Tardif J, Thomas MJ, Fortin CA, Girard L, Bouchard L. Portrait of autosomal recessive diseases in the French-Canadian founder population of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1145-1163. [PMID: 36786328 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The population of the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ) region, located in the province of Quebec, Canada, is recognized as a founder population, where some rare autosomal recessive diseases show a high prevalence. Through the clinical and molecular study of 82 affected individuals from 60 families, this study outlines 12 diseases identified as recurrent in SLSJ. Their carrier frequency was estimated with the contribution of 1059 healthy individuals, increasing the number of autosomal recessive diseases with known carrier frequency in this region from 14 to 25. We review the main clinical and molecular features previously reported for these disorders. Five of the studied diseases have a potential lethal effect and three are associated with intellectual deficiency. Therefore, we believe that the provincial program for carrier screening should be extended to include these eight disorders. The high-carrier frequency, together with the absence of consanguinity in most of these unrelated families, suggest a founder effect and genetic drift for the 12 recurrent variants. We recommend further studies to validate this hypothesis, as well as to extend the present study to other regions in the province of Quebec, since some of these disorders could also be present in other French-Canadian families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Cruz Marino
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josianne Leblanc
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annabelle Pratte
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Tardif
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Carol-Ann Fortin
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lysanne Girard
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Luigi Bouchard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, CIUSSS Saguenay-Lac-St-Jean, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences (FMHS), Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Bieberich E. Synthesis, Processing, and Function of N-Glycans in N-Glycoproteins. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:65-93. [PMID: 36255672 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Many membrane-resident and secreted proteins, including growth factors and their receptors are N-glycosylated. The initial N-glycan structure is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a branched structure on a lipid anchor (dolicholpyrophosphate) and then co-translationally, "en bloc" transferred and linked via N-acetylglucosamine to asparagine within a specific N-glycosylation acceptor sequence of the nascent recipient protein. In the ER and then the Golgi apparatus, the N-linked glycan structure is modified by hydrolytic removal of sugar residues ("trimming") followed by re-glycosylation with additional sugar residues ("processing") such as galactose, fucose or sialic acid to form complex N-glycoproteins. While the sequence of the reactions leading to biosynthesis, "en bloc" transfer and processing of N-glycans is well investigated, it is still not completely understood how N-glycans affect the biological fate and function of N-glycoproteins. This review will discuss the biology of N-glycoprotein synthesis, processing and function with specific reference to the physiology and pathophysiology of the immune and nervous system, as well as infectious diseases such as Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
- Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, USA.
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Li J, Guo B, Zhang W, Yue S, Huang S, Gao S, Ma J, Cipollo JF, Yang S. Recent advances in demystifying O-glycosylation in health and disease. Proteomics 2022; 22:e2200156. [PMID: 36088641 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
O-Glycosylation is one of the most common protein post-translational modifications (PTM) and plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of diseases. However, the complexity of O-glycosylation and the lack of specific enzymes for the processing of O-glycans and their O-glycopeptides make O-glycosylation analysis challenging. Recently, research on O-glycosylation has received attention owing to technological innovation and emerging O-glycoproteases. Several serine/threonine endoproteases have been found to specifically cleave O-glycosylated serine or threonine, allowing for the systematic analysis of O-glycoproteins. In this review, we first assessed the field of protein O-glycosylation over the past decade and used bibliometric analysis to identify keywords and emerging trends. We then summarized recent advances in O-glycosylation, covering several aspects: O-glycan release, site-specific elucidation of intact O-glycopeptides, identification of O-glycosites, characterization of different O-glycoproteases, mass spectrometry (MS) fragmentation methods for site-specific O-glycosylation assignment, and O-glycosylation data analysis. Finally, the role of O-glycosylation in health and disease was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Yue
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Song Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John F Cipollo
- Laboratory of Bacterial Polysaccharides, Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Shuang Yang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Kwon D, Lee W, Kim SH, Jung YS. Comparison of Hepatic Metabolite Profiles between Infant and Adult Male Mice Using 1H-NMR-Based Untargeted Metabolomics. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100910. [PMID: 36295812 PMCID: PMC9611911 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although age-related characteristics of hepatic metabolism are reported, those in infants are not fully understood. In the present study, we performed untargeted metabolomic profiling of the livers of infant (3-week-old) and adult (9-week-old) male ICR mice using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and compared 35 abundant hepatic metabolite concentrations between the two groups. The liver/body weight ratio did not differ between the two groups; however, serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen, total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations were lower in infants than in adults. Hepatic carbohydrate metabolites (glucose, maltose, and mannose) were higher, whereas amino acids (glutamine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and valine) were lower in infant mice than in adult mice. The concentrations of ascorbate, betaine, sarcosine, and ethanolamine were higher, whereas those of taurine, inosine, and O-phosphocholine were lower in infant mice than in adult mice. The differences in liver metabolites between the two groups could be due to differences in their developmental stages and dietary sources (breast milk for infants and laboratory chow for adults). The above results provide insights into the hepatic metabolism in infants; however, the exact implications of the findings require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyoung Kwon
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sou Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (Y.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-51-5102816 (Y.-S.J.)
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.H.K.); (Y.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-51-5102816 (Y.-S.J.)
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Zhao P, Zhang L, Tan L, Luo S, Huang Y, Peng H, Cao J, He X. Genetic analysis and prenatal diagnosis in a Chinese with growth retardation, abnormal liver function, and microcephaly. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1751. [PMID: 34331832 PMCID: PMC8457690 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders caused by defects in the synthesis and processing of glycoproteins. COG6‐CDG is a kind of disorder caused by conserved oligomeric golgi complex 6 (COG6) deficiency. To date, only 19 patients with COG6‐CDG have been reported. Methods We report a girl in a Chinese family with developmental delay, growth retardation, microcephaly, abnormal liver function, and hypohidrosis. Trio whole‐exome sequencing was performed for this patient and her parents, and the variants identified were validated by Sanger sequencing. Prenatal diagnosis was done for this family during a subsequent pregnancy. The literature review on these patients was performed by reviewing articles published in English and Chinese. Results Genetic sequencing identified two novel heterozygous mutations: c.428G>T (p.S143I) and c.1843C>T (p.Q615X) in the COG6 gene, inherited from her healthy parents, respectively. A total of 11 different mutations in COG6 have been reported previously, and mutations potentially affecting splicing are the most common. The main clinical features included development delay, facial dysmorphism, growth retardation, skin abnormalities (hypohidrosis), microcephaly, abnormal brain structure, liver involvement, and recurrent infections. Conclusion Our work broadens the mutation spectrum of COG6 gene and states the importance of whole‐exome sequencing in facilitating the definitive diagnosis of this disorder and prenatal diagnosis in a subsequent pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Zhao
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Li Tan
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Sukun Luo
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yufeng Huang
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hanming Peng
- Gastroenterology Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jiangxia Cao
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xuelian He
- Precision Medical Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, PR China
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Overview of Albumin Physiology and its Role in Pediatric Diseases. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2021; 23:11. [PMID: 34213692 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-021-00813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Albumin plays a critical role in a wide range of disease processes; however, the role of albumin in pediatric patients has not been well described. This article aims to review albumin physiology and kinetics in children, albumin's impact on pediatric diseases, and the utility of albumin as a predictor of clinical outcome. RECENT FINDINGS Hypoalbuminemia is seen in a wide range of conditions, including protein-losing enteropathy, hepatic synthetic failure, malnutrition, inflammatory states, and renal disease. While the impact of hypoalbuminemia has been more extensively studied in adult patients, there is a relative paucity of literature in the pediatric population. Hypoalbuminemia is a marker of poor outcome in critically ill children and those undergoing a wide range of medical interventions. Albumin infusions may be an effective therapy for fluid resuscitation and for patients with severe hypoalbuminemia.
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Kemme L, Grüneberg M, Reunert J, Rust S, Park J, Westermann C, Wada Y, Schwartz O, Marquardt T. Translational balancing questioned: Unaltered glycosylation during disulfiram treatment in mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-1,2-mannnosidase-congenital disorders of glycosylation (MAN1B1-CDG). JIMD Rep 2021; 60:42-55. [PMID: 34258140 PMCID: PMC8260486 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
MAN1B1-CDG is a multisystem disorder caused by mutations in MAN1B1, encoding the endoplasmic reticulum mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-1,2-mannnosidase. A defect leads to dysfunction within the degradation of misfolded glycoproteins. We present two additional patients with MAN1B1-CDG and a resulting defect in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation. One patient (P2) is carrying the previously undescribed p.E663K mutation. A therapeutic trial in patient 1 (P1) using disulfiram with the rationale to generate an attenuation of translation and thus a balanced, restored ER glycoprotein synthesis failed. No improvement of the transferrin glycosylation profile was seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kemme
- University Children's Hospital MünsterMuensterGermany
| | | | | | - Stephan Rust
- University Children's Hospital MünsterMuensterGermany
| | - Julien Park
- University Children's Hospital MünsterMuensterGermany
- Department of Clinical Sciences, NeurosciencesUmeå UniversityUmeåSweden
| | - Cordula Westermann
- Gerhard‐Domagk‐Institute of PathologyUniversity Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - Yoshinao Wada
- Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child HealthOsakaJapan
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Regulatory properties of vitronectin and its glycosylation in collagen fibril formation and collagen-degrading enzyme cathepsin K activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12023. [PMID: 34103584 PMCID: PMC8187593 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitronectin (VN) is a glycoprotein found in extracellular matrix and blood. Collagen, a major extracellular matrix component in mammals, is degraded by cathepsin K (CatK), which is essential for bone resorption under acidic conditions. The relationship between VN and cathepsins has been unclear. We discovered that VN promoted collagen fibril formation and inhibited CatK activity, and observed its activation in vitro. VN accelerated collagen fibril formation at neutral pH. Collagen fibers formed with VN were in close contact with each other and appeared as scattered flat masses in scanning electron microscopy images. VN formed collagen fibers with high acid solubility and significantly inhibited CatK; the IC50 was 8.1–16.6 nM and competitive, almost the same as those of human and porcine VNs. VN inhibited the autoprocessing of inactive pro-CatK from active CatK. DeN-glycosylation of VN attenuated the inhibitory effects of CatK and its autoprocessing by VN, but had little effect on acid solubilization of collagen and VN degradation via CatK. CatK inhibition is an attractive treatment approach for osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. These findings suggest that glycosylated VN is a potential biological candidate for CatK inhibition and may help to understand the molecular mechanisms of tissue re-modeling.
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Mikolajczyk K, Kaczmarek R, Czerwinski M. How glycosylation affects glycosylation: the role of N-glycans in glycosyltransferase activity. Glycobiology 2020; 30:941-969. [PMID: 32363402 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications of proteins. It plays important roles in the biogenesis and functions of proteins by influencing their folding, intracellular localization, stability and solubility. N-glycans are synthesized by glycosyltransferases, a complex group of ubiquitous enzymes that occur in most kingdoms of life. A growing body of evidence shows that N-glycans may influence processing and functions of glycosyltransferases, including their secretion, stability and substrate/acceptor affinity. Changes in these properties may have a profound impact on glycosyltransferase activity. Indeed, some glycosyltransferases have to be glycosylated themselves for full activity. N-glycans and glycosyltransferases play roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases (including cancers), so studies on glycosyltransferases may contribute to the development of new therapy methods and novel glycoengineered enzymes with improved properties. In this review, we focus on the role of N-glycosylation in the activity of glycosyltransferases and attempt to summarize all available data about this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Mikolajczyk
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Czerwinski
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
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Soares da Costa D, Sousa JC, Dá Mesquita S, Petkova-Yankova NI, Marques F, Reis RL, Sousa N, Pashkuleva I. Bioorthogonal Labeling Reveals Different Expression of Glycans in Mouse Hippocampal Neuron Cultures during Their Development. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040795. [PMID: 32059500 PMCID: PMC7070308 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of different glycans at the cell surface dictates cell interactions with their environment and other cells, being crucial for the cell fate. The development of the central nervous system is associated with tremendous changes in the cell glycome that is tightly regulated. Herein, we have employed bioorthogonal Cu-free click chemistry to image temporal distribution of different glycans in live mouse hippocampal neurons during their maturation in vitro. We show development-dependent glycan patterns with increased fucose and decreased mannose expression at the end of the maturation process. We also demonstrate that this approach is biocompatible and does not affect glycan transport although it relies on an administration of modified glycans. The applicability of this strategy to tissue sections unlocks new opportunities to study the glycan dynamics under more complex physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Soares da Costa
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (N.I.P.-Y.); (R.L.R.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.d.C.); (I.P.)
| | - João C. Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sandro Dá Mesquita
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nevena I. Petkova-Yankova
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (N.I.P.-Y.); (R.L.R.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (N.I.P.-Y.); (R.L.R.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Iva Pashkuleva
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017 Guimarães, Portugal; (N.I.P.-Y.); (R.L.R.)
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (J.C.S.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.); n (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.S.d.C.); (I.P.)
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12
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Identification and characterization of novel mutations in MOGS in a Chinese patient with infantile spams. Neurogenetics 2020; 21:97-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-019-00590-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Deeb A, Al Amoodi A. A novel homozygous mutation in the mannose phosphate isomerase gene causing congenital disorder of glycation and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia in an infant. Clin Case Rep 2018. [PMID: 29531722 PMCID: PMC5838283 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.1387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a 4 years girl with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) type Ib due to a novel homozygous mutation in MPI gene. She presented with diazoxide‐responsive hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia. CDG should be considered in unexplained hypoglycemia particularly in consanguineous families. Diagnosis enables monitoring/prevention of disease comorbidities and early effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Deeb
- Paediatric Endocrinology Department Mafraq Hospital P O Box 2951 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulla Al Amoodi
- Paediatric Endocrinology Department Mafraq Hospital P O Box 2951 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
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14
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Yang A, Cho SY, Jang JH, Kim J, Kim SZ, Lee BH, Yoo HW, Jin DK. Further delineation of COG8-CDG: A case with novel compound heterozygous mutations diagnosed by targeted exome sequencing. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 471:191-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Skeene K, Walker M, Clarke G, Bergström E, Genever P, Ungar D, Thomas-Oates J. One Filter, One Sample, and the N- and O-Glyco(proteo)me: Toward a System to Study Disorders of Protein Glycosylation. Anal Chem 2017; 89:5840-5849. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Graham Clarke
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, Reeds Lane, Moreton, Wirral, CH46 1QW, United Kingdom
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16
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Ghosh A, Urquhart J, Daly S, Ferguson A, Scotcher D, Morris AAM, Clayton-Smith J. Phenotypic Heterogeneity in a Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Caused by Mutations in STT3A. J Child Neurol 2017; 32:560-565. [PMID: 28424003 DOI: 10.1177/0883073817696816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
STT3A encodes the catalytic subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex. A congenital disorder of glycosylation caused by mutations in STT3A has only been reported in one family to date, associated with a Type I congenital disorder of glycosylation pattern of transferrin glycoforms. The authors describe a further 5 related individuals with a likely pathogenic variant in STT3A, 2 of whom also had variants in TUSC3. Common phenotypic features in all symptomatic individuals include developmental delay, intellectual disability, with absent speech and seizures. Two individuals also developed episodic hypothermia and altered consciousness. The family were investigated by autozygosity mapping, which revealed both a homozygous region containing STT3A and, in addition, a homozygous deletion of TUSC3 in one child. A likely pathogenic variant in STT3A was confirmed on Sanger sequencing of all affected individuals: the authors discuss the molecular findings in detail and further delineate the clinical phenotype of this rare disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunabha Ghosh
- 1 Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,2 School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jill Urquhart
- 3 Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Daly
- 3 Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Anne Ferguson
- 4 Community Paediatrics, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Diana Scotcher
- 3 Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew A M Morris
- 1 Willink Biochemical Genetics Unit, Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- 3 Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,5 Institute of Evolution, Systems and Genomics, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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17
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Xiang T, Yang G, Liu X, Zhou Y, Fu Z, Lu F, Gu J, Taniguchi N, Tan Z, Chen X, Xie Y, Guan F, Zhang XL. Alteration of N-glycan expression profile and glycan pattern of glycoproteins in human hepatoma cells after HCV infection. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1036-1045. [PMID: 28229927 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes chronic liver diseases, liver fibrosis and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However little is known about any information of N-glycan pattern in human liver cell after HCV infection. METHODS The altered profiles of N-glycans in HCV-infected Huh7.5.1 cell were analyzed by using mass spectrometry. Then, lectin microarray, lectin pull-down assay, reverse transcription-quantitative real time PCR (RT-qPCR) and western-blotting were used to identify the altered N-glycosylated proteins and glycosyltransferases. RESULTS Compared to uninfected cells, significantly elevated levels of fucosylated, sialylated and complex N-glycans were found in HCV infected cells. Furthermore, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA)-binding glycoconjugates were increased most. Then, the LCA-agarose was used to precipitate the specific glycosylated proteins and identify that fucosylated modified annexin A2 (ANXA2) and heat shock protein 90 beta family member 1 (HSP90B1) was greatly increased in HCV-infected cells. However, the total ANXA2 and HSP90B1 protein levels remained unchanged. Additionally, we screened the mRNA expressions of 47 types of different glycosyltransferases and found that α1,6-fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) was the most up-regulated and contributed to strengthen the LCA binding capability to fucosylated modified ANXA2 and HSP90B1 after HCV infection. CONCLUSIONS HCV infection caused the altered N-glycans profiles, increased expressions of FUT8, fucosylated ANXA2 and HSP90B1 as well as enhanced LCA binding to Huh7.5.1. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our results may lay the foundation for clarifying the role of N-glycans and facilitate the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets based on the increased FUT8, fucosylated ANXA2 and HSP90B1 after HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology. Hubei province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related diseases, Medical Research Institute, Department of Immunology of Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ganglong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology. Hubei province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related diseases, Medical Research Institute, Department of Immunology of Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yidan Zhou
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Microbiology, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zhongxiao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology. Hubei province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related diseases, Medical Research Institute, Department of Immunology of Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fangfang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology. Hubei province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related diseases, Medical Research Institute, Department of Immunology of Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Systems Glycobiology Group, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN and RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Zengqi Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Medical Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Virology. Hubei province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related diseases, Medical Research Institute, Department of Immunology of Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Feng Guan
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology. Hubei province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immune-related diseases, Medical Research Institute, Department of Immunology of Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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18
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Abstract
The zebrafish skeleton shares many similarities with human and other vertebrate skeletons. Over the past years, work in zebrafish has provided an extensive understanding of the basic developmental mechanisms and cellular pathways directing skeletal development and homeostasis. This review will focus on the cell biology of cartilage and bone and how the basic cellular processes within chondrocytes and osteocytes function to assemble the structural frame of a vertebrate body. We will discuss fundamental functions of skeletal cells in production and secretion of extracellular matrix and cellular activities leading to differentiation of progenitors to mature cells that make up the skeleton. We highlight important examples where findings in zebrafish provided direction for the search for genes causing human skeletal defects and also how zebrafish research has proven important for validating candidate human disease genes. The work we cover here illustrates utility of zebrafish in unraveling molecular mechanisms of cellular functions necessary to form and maintain a healthy skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauryn N Luderman
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Gokhan Unlu
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ela W Knapik
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States; Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
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19
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Mateo Sánchez S, Freeman SD, Delacroix L, Malgrange B. The role of post-translational modifications in hearing and deafness. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3521-33. [PMID: 27147466 PMCID: PMC11108544 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are key molecular events that modify proteins after their synthesis and modulate their ultimate functional properties by affecting their stability, localisation, interaction potential or activity. These chemical changes expand the size of the proteome adding diversity to the molecular pathways governing the biological outcome of cells. PTMs are, thus, crucial in regulating a variety of cellular processes such as apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation and have been shown to be instrumental during embryonic development. In addition, alterations in protein PTMs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including deafness. In this review, we summarize the recent progress made in understanding the roles of PTMs during cochlear development, with particular emphasis on the enzymes driving protein phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination and SUMOylation. We also discuss how these enzymes may contribute to hearing impairment and deafness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Mateo Sánchez
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital (CHU), Avenue Hippocrate 15, Tour 4, 1er étage, Bât. B36, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Stephen D Freeman
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital (CHU), Avenue Hippocrate 15, Tour 4, 1er étage, Bât. B36, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurence Delacroix
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital (CHU), Avenue Hippocrate 15, Tour 4, 1er étage, Bât. B36, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Malgrange
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liège, Quartier Hôpital (CHU), Avenue Hippocrate 15, Tour 4, 1er étage, Bât. B36, 4000, Liège, Belgium.
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20
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Cortelazzo A, De Felice C, Guerranti R, Signorini C, Leoncini S, Pecorelli A, Scalabrì F, Madonna M, Filosa S, Della Giovampaola C, Capone A, Durand T, Mirasole C, Zolla L, Valacchi G, Ciccoli L, Guy J, D’Esposito M, Hayek J. Abnormal N-glycosylation pattern for brain nucleotide pyrophosphatase-5 (NPP-5) in Mecp2-mutant murine models of Rett syndrome. Neurosci Res 2016; 105:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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21
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Kane M, Davids M, Adams C, Wolfe L, Cheung H, Gropman A, Huang Y, Ng B, Freeze H, Adams D, Gahl W, Boerkoel C, Boerkoel CF. Mitotic Intragenic Recombination: A Mechanism of Survival for Several Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:339-46. [PMID: 26805780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are disorders of abnormal protein glycosylation that affect multiple organ systems. Because most CDGs have been described in only a few individuals, our understanding of the associated phenotypes and the mechanisms of individual survival are limited. In the process of studying two siblings, aged 6 and 11 years, with MOGS-CDG and biallelic MOGS (mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase) mutations (GenBank: NM_006302.2; c.[65C>A; 329G>A] p.[Ala22Glu; Arg110His]; c.[370C>T] p.[Gln124(∗)]), we noted that their survival was much longer than the previous report of MOGS-CDG, in a child who died at 74 days of age. Upon mutation analysis, we detected multiple MOGS genotypes including wild-type alleles in their cultured fibroblast and peripheral blood DNA. Further analysis of DNA from cultured fibroblasts of six individuals with compound heterozygous mutations of PMM2 (PMM2-CDG), MPI (MPI-CDG), ALG3 (ALG3-CDG), ALG12 (ALG12-CDG), DPAGT1 (DPAGT1-CDG), and ALG1 (ALG1-CDG) also identified multiple genotypes including wild-type alleles for each. Droplet digital PCR showed a ratio of nearly 1:1 wild-type to mutant alleles for most, but not all, mutations. This suggests that mitotic recombination contributes to the survival and the variable expressivity of individuals with compound heterozygous CDGs. This also provides an explanation for prior observations of a reduced frequency of homozygous mutations and might contribute to increased levels of residual enzyme activity in cultured fibroblasts of individuals with MPI- and PMM2-CDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cornelius F Boerkoel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
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22
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Hamzić E, Buitenhuis B, Hérault F, Hawken R, Abrahamsen MS, Servin B, Elsen JM, Pinard-van der Laan MH, Bed'Hom B. Genome-wide association study and biological pathway analysis of the Eimeria maxima response in broilers. Genet Sel Evol 2015; 47:91. [PMID: 26607727 PMCID: PMC4659166 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-015-0170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coccidiosis is the most common and costly disease in the poultry industry and is caused by protozoans of the Eimeria genus. The current control of coccidiosis, based on the use of anticoccidial drugs and vaccination, faces serious obstacles such as drug resistance and the high costs for the development of efficient vaccines, respectively. Therefore, the current control programs must be expanded with complementary approaches such as the use of genetics to improve the host response to Eimeria infections. Recently, we have performed a large-scale challenge study on Cobb500 broilers using E. maxima for which we investigated variability among animals in response to the challenge. As a follow-up to this challenge study, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify genomic regions underlying variability of the measured traits in the response to Eimeria maxima in broilers. Furthermore, we conducted a post-GWAS functional analysis to increase our biological understanding of the underlying response to Eimeria maxima challenge. Results In total, we identified 22 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with q value <0.1 distributed across five chromosomes. The highly significant SNPs were associated with body weight gain (three SNPs on GGA5, one SNP on GGA1 and one SNP on GGA3), plasma coloration measured as optical density at wavelengths in the range 465–510 nm (10 SNPs and all on GGA10) and the percentage of β2-globulin in blood plasma (15 SNPs on GGA1 and one SNP on GGA2). Biological pathways related to metabolic processes, cell proliferation, and primary innate immune processes were among the most frequent significantly enriched biological pathways. Furthermore, the network-based analysis produced two networks of high confidence, with one centered on large tumor suppressor kinase 1 (LATS1) and 2 (LATS2) and the second involving the myosin heavy chain 6 (MYH6). Conclusions We identified several strong candidate genes and genomic regions associated with traits measured in response to Eimeria maxima in broilers. Furthermore, the post-GWAS functional analysis indicates that biological pathways and networks involved in tissue proliferation and repair along with the primary innate immune response may play the most important role during the early stage of Eimeria maxima infection in broilers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-015-0170-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edin Hamzić
- UMR1313 Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology Unit, AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005, Paris, France. .,UMR1313 Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology Unit, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Bart Buitenhuis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. Box 50, 8830, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Frédéric Hérault
- UMR1348 Physiology, Environment and Genetics for the Animal and Livestock Systems Unit, INRA, Domaine de la Prise, 35590, Saint Gilles, France.
| | | | | | - Bertrand Servin
- UMR1388 Genetics, Physiology and Breeding Systems, INRA, 24 chemin de Borde-Rouge, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Elsen
- UMR1388 Genetics, Physiology and Breeding Systems, INRA, 24 chemin de Borde-Rouge, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| | - Marie-Hélène Pinard-van der Laan
- UMR1313 Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology Unit, AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005, Paris, France. .,UMR1313 Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology Unit, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
| | - Bertrand Bed'Hom
- UMR1313 Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology Unit, AgroParisTech, 16 rue Claude Bernard, 75005, Paris, France. .,UMR1313 Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology Unit, INRA, Domaine de Vilvert, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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23
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Du D, Yang H, Ednie AR, Bennett ES. Statistical Metamodeling and Sequential Design of Computer Experiments to Model Glyco-Altered Gating of Sodium Channels in Cardiac Myocytes. IEEE J Biomed Health Inform 2015. [PMID: 26208370 DOI: 10.1109/jbhi.2015.2458791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glycan structures account for up to 35% of the mass of cardiac sodium ( Nav ) channels. To question whether and how reduced sialylation affects Nav activity and cardiac electrical signaling, we conducted a series of in vitro experiments on ventricular apex myocytes under two different glycosylation conditions, reduced protein sialylation (ST3Gal4(-/-)) and full glycosylation (control). Although aberrant electrical signaling is observed in reduced sialylation, realizing a better understanding of mechanistic details of pathological variations in INa and AP is difficult without performing in silico studies. However, computer model of Nav channels and cardiac myocytes involves greater levels of complexity, e.g., high-dimensional parameter space, nonlinear and nonconvex equations. Traditional linear and nonlinear optimization methods have encountered many difficulties for model calibration. This paper presents a new statistical metamodeling approach for efficient computer experiments and optimization of Nav models. First, we utilize a fractional factorial design to identify control variables from the large set of model parameters, thereby reducing the dimensionality of parametric space. Further, we develop the Gaussian process model as a surrogate of expensive and time-consuming computer models and then identify the next best design point that yields the maximal probability of improvement. This process iterates until convergence, and the performance is evaluated and validated with real-world experimental data. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance in modeling the kinetics of Nav channels under a variety of glycosylation conditions. As a result, in silico models provide a better understanding of glyco-altered mechanistic details in state transitions and distributions of Nav channels. Notably, ST3Gal4(-/-) myocytes are shown to have higher probabilities accumulated in intermediate inactivation during the repolarization and yield a shorter refractory period than WTs. The proposed statistical design of computer experiments is generally extensible to many other disciplines that involve large-scale and computationally expensive models.
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Yang W, Shen H, Fang G, Li H, Li L, Deng F, Gu W, Li K, Ma L, Gu J, Wang Y. Mutations of rat surfactant protein A have distinct effects on its glycosylation, secretion, aggregation and degradation. Life Sci 2014; 117:47-55. [PMID: 25242514 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Surfactant protein A (SP-A) plays critical roles in the innate immune system and surfactant homeostasis of the lung. Mutations in SP-A2 of the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) impair its glycosylation and are associated with pulmonary fibrosis in humans. We aim to examine how mutations in SP-A that impair its glycosylation affect its biological properties and lead to disease. MAIN METHODS We generated rat SP-A constructs with two types of mutations that impair its glycosylation: N-glycosylation site mutations (N21T, N207S and N21T/N207S) and disease-associated CRD mutations (G231V, F198S). We transfected these constructs into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells and assessed biochemical differences in cellular and secreted wild-type and mutant SP-As by western blot, immunofluorescence, and sensitivity to enzymatic digestion. KEY FINDINGS Mutations of the CRD completely impaired SP-A secretion, whereas mutations of N-glycosylation sites had little effect. Both types of mutations formed nonidet p-40 (NP-40) insoluble aggregates, but the aggregates only from CRD mutations could be partially rescued by a chemical chaperone, 4-phenylbutyrate acid (4-PBA). The majority of CRD mutant SP-A was retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, both types of mutations reduced SP-A stability, with CRD mutant SP-A being more sensitive to chymotrypsin digestion. Both types of soluble mutant SP-A could be degraded by the proteasome pathway, while insoluble aggregates could be additionally degraded by the lysosomal pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Our data provide evidence that the differential glycosylation of SP-A may play distinct roles in SP-A secretion, aggregation and degradation which may contribute to familial pulmonary fibrosis caused by SP-A2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guodong Fang
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lan Li
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Pathophysiology, The Key Immunopathology Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kangsheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lian Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Sialic acids attached to N- and O-glycans within the Nav1.4 D1S5-S6 linker contribute to channel gating. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:307-17. [PMID: 25450184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voltage-gated Na+ channels (Nav) are responsible for the initiation and conduction of neuronal and muscle action potentials. Nav gating can be altered by sialic acids attached to channel N-glycans, typically through isoform-specific electrostatic mechanisms. METHODS Using two sets of Chinese Hamster Ovary cell lines with varying abilities to glycosylate glycoproteins, we show for the first time that sialic acids attached to O-glycans and N-glycans within the Nav1.4 D1S5-S6 linker modulate Nav gating. RESULTS All measured steady-state and kinetic parameters were shifted to more depolarized potentials under conditions of essentially no sialylation. When sialylation of only N-glycans or of only O-glycans was prevented, the observed voltage-dependent parameter values were intermediate between those observed under full versus no sialylation. Immunoblot gel shift analyses support the biophysical data. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that sialic acids attached to both N- and O-glycans residing within the Nav1.4 D1S5-S6 linker modulate channel gating through electrostatic mechanisms, with the relative contribution of sialic acids attached to N- versus O-glycans on channel gating being similar. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Protein N- and O-glycosylation can modulate ion channel gating simultaneously. These data also suggest that environmental, metabolic, and/or congenital changes in glycosylation that impact sugar substrate levels, could lead, potentially, to changes in Nav sialylation and gating that would modulate AP waveforms and conduction.
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Welti M, Hülsmeier AJ. Ethanol-induced impairment in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycosylation. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:754-62. [PMID: 24243557 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deficiency in N-linked protein glycosylation is a long-known characteristic of alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation. Previous investigations of ethanol-induced glycosylation deficiency demonstrated perturbations in the early steps of substrate synthesis and in the final steps of capping N-linked glycans in the Golgi. The significance of the biosynthesis of N-glycan precursors in the endoplasmic reticulum, however, has not yet been addressed in alcoholic liver disease. Ethanol-metabolizing hepatoma cells were treated with increasing concentrations of ethanol. Transcript analysis of genes involved in the biosynthesis of N-glycans, activity assays of related enzymes, dolichol-phosphate quantification, and analysis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides were performed. Upon treatment of cells with ethanol, we found a decrease in the final N-glycan precursor Dol-PP-GlcNAc(2) Man(9) Glc(3) and in C95- and C100-dolichol-phosphate levels. Transcript analysis of genes involved in N-glycosylation showed a 17% decrease in expression levels of DPM1, a subunit of the dolichol-phosphate-mannose synthase, and an 8% increase in RPN2, a subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase. Ethanol treatment decreases the biosynthesis of dolichol-phosphate. Consequently, the formation of N-glycan precursors is affected, resulting in an aberrant precursor assembly. Messenger RNA levels of genes involved in N-glycan biosynthesis are slightly affected by ethanol treatment, indicating that the assembly of N-glycan precursors is not regulated at the transcriptional level. This study confirms that ethanol impairs N-linked glycosylation by affecting dolichol biosynthesis leading to impaired dolichol-linked oligosaccharide assembly. Together our data help to explain the underglycosylation phenotype observed in alcoholic liver disease and congenital disorders of glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Welti
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Wolfe LA, Krasnewich D. Congenital disorders of glycosylation and intellectual disability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 17:211-25. [PMID: 23798010 DOI: 10.1002/ddrr.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a rapidly growing group of inborn errors of metabolism that result from defects in the synthesis of glycans. Glycosylation is a major post-translational protein modification and an estimated 2% of the human genome encodes proteins for glycosylation. The molecular bases for the current 60 disorders, affecting approximately 800 individuals, have been identified, many in the last 5 years. CDG should be considered in any multi-system syndrome or single tissue disorder not explained by the identification of another disorder. The initial clinical presentation varies significantly among individuals, even between affected siblings. However, two thirds of the known CDGs are associated with intellectual disabilities and most affected individuals need support services throughout their lives. Additional disorders of glycosylation are likely to be characterized over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne A Wolfe
- Genetic Nurse Practitioner, Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Bieberich E. Synthesis, Processing, and Function of N-glycans in N-glycoproteins. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 9:47-70. [PMID: 25151374 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Many membrane-resident and secrected proteins, including growth factors and their receptors, are N-glycosylated. The initial N-glycan structure is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a branched structure on a lipid anchor (dolichol pyrophosphate) and then co-translationally, "en bloc" transferred and linked via N-acetylglucosamine to asparagine within a specific N-glycosylation acceptor sequence of the nascent recipient protein. In the ER and then the Golgi apparatus, the N-linked glycan structure is modified by hydrolytic removal of sugar residues ("trimming") followed by re-glycosylation with additional sugar residues ("processing") such as galactose, fucose, or sialic acid to form complex N-glycoproteins. While the sequence of the reactions leading to biosynthesis, "en bloc" transfer and processing of N-glycans is well investigated, it is still not completely understood how N-glycans affect the biological fate and function of N-glycoproteins. This review discusses the biology of N-glycoprotein synthesis, processing, and function with specific reference to the physiology and pathophysiology of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street Room CA4012, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA,
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Cao Q, Ma C, Bai H, Li X, Yan H, Zhao Y, Ying W, Qian X. Multivalent hydrazide-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for glycopeptide enrichment and identification. Analyst 2014; 139:603-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an01532g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Ezgu F, Krejci P, Li S, de Sousa C, Graham JM, Hansmann I, He W, Porpora K, Wand D, Wertelecki W, Schneider A, Wilcox WR. Phenotype-genotype correlations in patients with Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome. Clin Genet 2013; 86:74-84. [PMID: 23829326 DOI: 10.1111/cge.12230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome (MSS; MIM 248800) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital cerebellar ataxia, early cataracts, developmental delay, myopathy and short stature. Alterations in the gene SIL1 cause MSS in some patients with typical findings. In this study, molecular investigations including sequencing of the SIL1 gene, western blotting and microscopic investigations in fibroblast cultures were carried out in a cohort of 15 patients from 14 unrelated families, including the large, inbred family reported by Superneau et al., having the clinical features of MSS to provide insights into the pathophysiology of the disorder. A total of seven different mutations were found in eight of the patients from seven families. The mutations caused loss of the BIP-associated protein (BAP) protein in four patients by western blot. Novel clinical features such as dental abnormalities, iris coloboma, eczema and hormonal abnormalities were noticed in some patients, but there was no clear way to distinguish those with and without SIL1 mutations. Cultured fibroblasts contained numerous cytoplasmic inclusion bodies, similar to those identified in the brain of the whoozy mouse in five unrelated patients, three with and two without SIL1 mutations, suggesting some SIL1 negative patients share a common cellular pathogenesis with those who are SIL1 positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ezgu
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pediatric Metabolic Disorders and Pediatric Genetics, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Norring SA, Ednie AR, Schwetz TA, Du D, Yang H, Bennett ES. Channel sialic acids limit hERG channel activity during the ventricular action potential. FASEB J 2012; 27:622-31. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-214387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Norring
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Andrew R. Ednie
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Tara A. Schwetz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Dongping Du
- Department of Industrial and Management Systems EngineeringUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Industrial and Management Systems EngineeringUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Eric S. Bennett
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
- Programs in Neuroscience and Cardiovascular SciencesMorsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA
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Wada Y, Kadoya M, Okamoto N. Mass spectrometry of apolipoprotein C-III, a simple analytical method for mucin-type O-glycosylation and its application to an autosomal recessive cutis laxa type-2 (ARCL2) patient. Glycobiology 2012; 22:1140-4. [PMID: 22611120 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein C-III (apoCIII) is a small glycoprotein with a single mucin-type core-1 oligosaccharide and is analyzed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) for the diagnosis of genetic defects in O-glycan biosynthesis such as congenital disorders of glycosylation. In the present study, mass spectrometry of apoCIII, after a simple procedure for sample preparation using a small amount of serum, was demonstrated to be a reliable alternative to IEF. It allows reproducible glycan profiling and detection of unglycosylated species. This method was applied to an autosomal recessive cutis laxa type-2 patient and demonstrated decreased site occupancy by O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Wada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, Japan.
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Poretti A, Blaser SI, Lequin MH, Fatemi A, Meoded A, Northington FJ, Boltshauser E, Huisman TAGM. Neonatal neuroimaging findings in inborn errors of metabolism. J Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 37:294-312. [PMID: 22566357 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.23693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Individually, metabolic disorders are rare, but overall they account for a significant number of neonatal disorders affecting the central nervous system. The neonatal clinical manifestations of inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are characterized by nonspecific systemic symptoms that may mimic more common acute neonatal disorders like sepsis, severe heart insufficiency, or neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Certain IEMs presenting in the neonatal period may also be complicated by sepsis and cardiomyopathy. Early diagnosis is mandatory to prevent death and permanent long-term neurological impairments. Although neuroimaging findings are rarely specific, they play a key role in suggesting the correct diagnosis, limiting the differential diagnosis, and may consequently allow early initiation of targeted metabolic and genetic laboratory investigations and treatment. Neuroimaging may be especially helpful to distinguish metabolic disorders from other more common causes of neonatal encephalopathy, as a newborn may present with an IEM prior to the availability of the newborn screening results. It is therefore important that neonatologists, pediatric neurologists, and pediatric neuroradiologists are familiar with the neuroimaging findings of metabolic disorders presenting in the neonatal time period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Poretti
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Targeted polymerase chain reaction-based enrichment and next generation sequencing for diagnostic testing of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Genet Med 2012; 13:921-32. [PMID: 21811164 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e318226fbf2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a heterogeneous group of disorders caused by deficient glycosylation, primarily affecting the N-linked pathway. It is estimated that more than 40% of congenital disorders of glycosylation patients lack a confirmatory molecular diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to improve molecular diagnosis for congenital disorders of glycosylation by developing and validating a next generation sequencing panel for comprehensive mutation detection in 24 genes known to cause congenital disorders of glycosylation. METHODS Next generation sequencing validation was performed on 12 positive control congenital disorders of glycosylation patients. These samples were blinded as to the disease-causing mutations. Both RainDance and Fluidigm platforms were used for sequence enrichment and targeted amplification. The SOLiD platform was used for sequencing the amplified products. Bioinformatic analysis was performed using NextGENe® software. RESULTS The disease-causing mutations were identified by next generation sequencing for all 12 positive controls. Additional variants were also detected in three controls that are known or predicted to impair gene function and may contribute to the clinical phenotype. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that development of next generation sequencing panels in the diagnostic laboratory where multiple genes are implicated in a disorder is more cost-effective and will result in improved and faster patient diagnosis compared with a gene-by-gene approach. Recommendations are also provided for data analysis from the next generation sequencing-derived data in the clinical laboratory, which will be important for the widespread use of this technology.
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Stewart SH, Comte-Walters S, Bowen E, Anton RF. Liver disease and HPLC quantification of disialotransferrin for heavy alcohol use: a case series. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2011; 34:1956-60. [PMID: 20659069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It had previously been suggested that individuals with cirrhosis may have a pattern of transferrin glycosylation that interferes with the interpretation of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) testing for heavy alcohol use. The goal of this case series was to evaluate the prevalence of liver disease among individuals with poor resolution of transferrin glycoforms by high performance liquid chromatography. METHODS We reviewed the electronic medical records of 35 consecutive patients with poor chromatographic resolution of disialotransferrin from trisialotransferrin and recorded information on diagnosed liver disease, liver function testing, and other factors. RESULTS Thirty of the 35 subjects with poor chromatographic resolution of the transferrin glycoforms had sufficient data in the medical record for some estimation of liver function. Of these 30 subjects, 25 had previously diagnosed liver pathology. Of the remaining 5 subjects, 2 had liver imaging results suggestive of benign tumor; the remaining 3 had mildly elevated bilirubin and aminotransferase activity, and low albumin. CONCLUSIONS Liver abnormalities, but not necessarily cirrhosis, are common in individuals with poor chromatographic separation of transferrin glycoforms, which might lead to false-positive results on CDT testing. However, the chromatographic-based assay can detect this issue, minimizing the reporting of false positives, but not necessarily assisting in valid detection of heavy drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Stewart
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA.
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36
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Haeuptle MA, Welti M, Troxler H, Hülsmeier AJ, Imbach T, Hennet T. Improvement of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis by the squalene synthase inhibitor zaragozic acid. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:6085-91. [PMID: 21183681 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.165795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are caused by defects of dolichol (Dol)-linked oligosaccharide assembly, which lead to under-occupancy of N-glycosylation sites. Most mutations encountered in CDG are hypomorphic, thus leaving residual activity to the affected biosynthetic enzymes. We hypothesized that increased cellular levels of Dol-linked substrates might compensate for the low biosynthetic activity and thereby improve the output of protein N-glycosylation in CDG. To this end, we investigated the potential of the squalene synthase inhibitor zaragozic acid A to redirect the flow of the polyisoprene pathway toward Dol by lowering cholesterol biosynthesis. The addition of zaragozic acid A to CDG fibroblasts with a Dol-P-Man synthase defect led to the formation of longer Dol-P species and to increased Dol-P-Man levels. This treatment was shown to decrease the pathologic accumulation of incomplete Dol pyrophosphate-GlcNAc(2)Man(5) in Dol-P-Man synthase-deficient fibroblasts. Zaragozic acid A treatment also decreased the amount of truncated protein N-linked oligosaccharides in these CDG fibroblasts. The increased cellular levels of Dol-P-Man and possibly the decreased cholesterol levels in zaragozic acid A-treated cells also led to increased availability of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor as shown by the elevated cell-surface expression of the CD59 protein. This study shows that manipulation of the cellular Dol pool, as achieved by zaragozic acid A addition, may represent a valuable approach to improve N-linked glycosylation in CDG cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha A Haeuptle
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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Schwetz TA, Norring SA, Ednie AR, Bennett ES. Sialic acids attached to O-glycans modulate voltage-gated potassium channel gating. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:4123-32. [PMID: 21115483 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.171322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal, cardiac, and skeletal muscle action potentials are produced and conducted through the highly regulated activity of several types of voltage-gated ion channels. Voltage-gated potassium (K(v)) channels are responsible for action potential repolarization. Glycans can be attached to glycoproteins through N- and O-linkages. Previous reports described the impact of N-glycans on voltage-gated ion channel function. Here, we show that sialic acids attached through O-linkages modulate gating of K(v)2.1, K(v)4.2, and K(v)4.3. The conductance-voltage (G-V) relationships for each isoform were shifted uniquely by a depolarizing 8-16 mV under conditions of reduced sialylation. The data indicate that sialic acids modulate K(v) channel activation through apparent electrostatic mechanisms that promote channel activity. Voltage-dependent steady-state inactivation was unaffected by changes in sialylation. N-Linked sialic acids cannot be responsible for the G-V shifts because K(v)4.2 and K(v)4.3 cannot be N-glycosylated, and immunoblot analysis confirmed K(v)2.1 is not N-glycosylated. Glycosidase gel shift analysis suggested that K(v)2.1, K(v)4.2, and K(v)4.3 were O-glycosylated and sialylated. To confirm this, azide-modified sugar residues involved specifically in O-glycan and sialic acid biosynthesis were shown to incorporate into all three K(v) channel isoforms using Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition chemistry. Together, the data indicate that sialic acids attached to O-glycans uniquely modulate gating of three K(v) channel isoforms that are not N-glycosylated. These data provide the first evidence that external O-glycans, with core structures distinct from N-glycans in type and number of sugar residues, can modulate K(v) channel function and thereby contribute to changes in electrical signaling that result from regulated ion channel expression and/or O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara A Schwetz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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Freeze HH, Sharma V. Metabolic manipulation of glycosylation disorders in humans and animal models. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2010; 21:655-62. [PMID: 20363348 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, over 40 inherited human glycosylation disorders were identified. Most patients have hypomorphic, rather than null alleles. The phenotypic spectrum is broad and most of the disorders affect embryonic and early post-natal development; a few appear in adult life. Some deficiencies can be treated with simple dietary sugar (monosaccharide) supplements. Here we focus on four glycosylation disorders that have been treated with supplements in patients or in model systems, primarily the mouse. Surprisingly, small differences in the amount of exogenous sugar have a major impact on the diseases in specific cells or organs while others are unaffected. The underlying mechanisms are mostly unknown, but changes in the contributions of the de novo, salvage and dietary pathways may contribute to the beneficial outcome. Clearly, the metabolic chart is not flat; all arrows are not equally robust at all points of time and space. This metabolic perspective may help explain some of these observations and guide the development of other vertebrate models of glycosylation disorders that can respond to dietary manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson H Freeze
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Isolation of N-linked glycopeptides by hydrazine-functionalized magnetic particles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:3071-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3513-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 01/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Haeuptle MA, Hennet T. Congenital disorders of glycosylation: an update on defects affecting the biosynthesis of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides. Hum Mutat 2010; 30:1628-41. [PMID: 19862844 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Defects in the biosynthesis of the oligosaccharide precursor for N-glycosylation lead to decreased occupancy of glycosylation sites and thereby to diseases known as congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). In the last 20 years, approximately 1,000 CDG patients have been identified presenting with multiple organ dysfunctions. This review sets the state of the art by listing all mutations identified in the 15 genes (PMM2, MPI, DPAGT1, ALG1, ALG2, ALG3, ALG9, ALG12, ALG6, ALG8, DOLK, DPM1, DPM3, MPDU1, and RFT1) that yield a deficiency of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis. The present analysis shows that most mutations lead to substitutions of strongly conserved amino acid residues across eukaryotes. Furthermore, the comparison between the different forms of CDG affecting dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis shows that the severity of the disease does not relate to the position of the mutated gene along this biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha A Haeuptle
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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41
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Mora-Montes HM, Ponce-Noyola P, Villagómez-Castro JC, Gow NA, Flores-Carreón A, López-Romero E. Protein glycosylation in Candida. Future Microbiol 2010; 4:1167-83. [PMID: 19895219 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.09.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is a significant cause of invasive human mycosis with associated mortality rates that are equivalent to, or worse than, those cited for most cases of bacterial septicemia. As a result, considerable efforts are being made to understand how the fungus invades host cells and to identify new targets for fungal chemotherapy. This has led to an increasing interest in Candida glycobiology, with an emphasis on the identification of enzymes essential for glycoprotein and adhesion metabolism, and the role of N- and O-linked glycans in host recognition and virulence. Here, we refer to studies dealing with the identification and characterization of enzymes such as dolichol phosphate mannose synthase, dolichol phosphate glucose synthase and processing glycosidases and synthesis, structure and recognition of mannans and discuss recent findings in the context of Candida albicans pathogenesis.
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Vleugels W, Haeuptle MA, Ng BG, Michalski JC, Battini R, Dionisi-Vici C, Ludman MD, Jaeken J, Foulquier F, Freeze HH, Matthijs G, Hennet T. RFT1 deficiency in three novel CDG patients. Hum Mutat 2009; 30:1428-34. [PMID: 19701946 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The medical significance of N-glycosylation is underlined by a group of inherited human disorders called Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation (CDG). One key step in the biosynthesis of the Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol precursor, essential for N-glycosylation, is the translocation of Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. This step is facilitated by the RFT1 protein. Recently, the first RFT1-deficient CDG (RFT1-CDG) patient was identified and presented a severe N-glycosylation disorder. In the present study, we describe three novel CDG patients with an RFT1 deficiency. The first patient was homozygous for the earlier reported RFT1 missense mutation (c.199C>T; p.R67C), whereas the two other patients were homozygous for the missense mutation c.454A>G (p.K152E) and c.892G>A (p.E298 K), respectively. The pathogenic character of the novel mutations was illustrated by the accumulation of Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol and by reduced recombinant DNase 1 secretion. Both the glycosylation pattern and recombinant DNase 1 secretion could be normalized by expression of normal RFT1 cDNA in the patients' fibroblasts. The clinical phenotype of these patients comprised typical CDG symptoms in addition to sensorineural deafness, rarely reported in CDG patients. The identification of additional RFT1-deficient patients allowed to delineate the main clinical picture of RFT1-CDG and confirmed the crucial role of RFT1 in Man(5)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Vleugels
- Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis, Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Kajiura H, Koiwa H, Nakazawa Y, Okazawa A, Kobayashi A, Seki T, Fujiyama K. Two Arabidopsis thaliana Golgi alpha-mannosidase I enzymes are responsible for plant N-glycan maturation. Glycobiology 2009; 20:235-47. [PMID: 19914916 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Glycosylation is an important post-translational modification that occurs in many secreted and membrane proteins in eukaryotic cells. Golgi alpha-mannosidase I hydrolases (MANI) are key enzymes that play a role in the early N-glycan modification pathway in the Golgi apparatus. In Arabidopsis thaliana, two putative MANI genes, AtMANIa (At3g21160) and AtMANIb (At1g51590), were identified. Biochemical analysis using bacterially produced recombinant AtMANI isoforms revealed that both AtMANI isoforms encode 1-deoxymannojirimycin-sensitive alpha-mannosidase I and act on Man(8)GlcNAc(2) and Man(9)GlcNAc(2) structures to yield Man(5)GlcNAc(2). Structures of hydrolytic intermediates accumulated in the AtMANI reactions indicate that AtMANIs employ hydrolytic pathways distinct from those of mammalian MANIs. In planta, AtMANI-GFP/DsRed fusion proteins were detected in the Golgi stacks. Arabidopsis mutant lines manIa-1, manIa-2, manIb-1, and manIb-2 showed N-glycan profiles similar to that of wild type. On the other hand, the manIa manIb double mutant lines produced Man(8)GlcNAc(2) as the predominant N-glycan and lacked plant-specific complex and hybrid N-glycans. These data indicate that either AtMANIa or AtMANIb can function as the Golgi alpha-mannosidase I that produces the Man(5)GlcNAc(2) N-glycan structure necessary for complex N-glycan synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kajiura
- International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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44
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Kondylis V, Rabouille C. The Golgi apparatus: lessons from Drosophila. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:3827-38. [PMID: 19800333 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Historically, Drosophila has been a model organism for studying molecular and developmental biology leading to many important discoveries in this field. More recently, the fruit fly has started to be used to address cell biology issues including studies of the secretory pathway, and more specifically on the functional integrity of the Golgi apparatus. A number of advances have been made that are reviewed below. Furthermore, with the development of RNAi technology, Drosophila tissue culture cells have been used to perform genome-wide screens addressing similar issues. Last, the Golgi function has been involved in specific developmental processes, thus shedding new light on the functions of a number of Golgi proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vangelis Kondylis
- Cell Microscopy Centre, Department of Cell Biology, UMC Utrecht, AZU H02.313, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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45
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Freeze HH. Towards a therapy for phosphomannomutase 2 deficiency, the defect in CDG-Ia patients. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2009; 1792:835-40. [PMID: 19339218 PMCID: PMC2783247 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phosphomannomutase (PMM2, Mannose-6-P--> Mannose-1-P) deficiency is the most frequent glycosylation disorder affecting the N-glycosylation pathway. There is no therapy for the hundreds of patients who suffer from this disorder. This review describes previous attempts at therapeutic interventions and introduces perspectives emerging from the drawing boards. Two approaches aim to increase Mannose-1-P: small membrane permeable molecules that increase the availability or/and metabolic flux of precursors into the impaired glycosylation pathway; and, phosphomannomutase enhancement and/or replacement therapy. Glycosylation-deficient cell and animal models are needed to determine which individual or combined approaches improve glycosylation and may be suitable for preclinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson H Freeze
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, 10901 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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46
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Paesold-Burda P, Maag C, Troxler H, Foulquier F, Kleinert P, Schnabel S, Baumgartner M, Hennet T. Deficiency in COG5 causes a moderate form of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18:4350-6. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddp389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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47
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Vleugels W, Keldermans L, Jaeken J, Butters TD, Michalski JC, Matthijs G, Foulquier F. Quality control of glycoproteins bearing truncated glycans in an ALG9-defective (CDG-IL) patient. Glycobiology 2009; 19:910-7. [PMID: 19451548 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe an ALG9-defective (congenital disorders of glycosylation type IL) patient who is homozygous for the p.Y286C (c.860A>G) mutation. This patient presented with psychomotor retardation, axial hypotonia, epilepsy, failure to thrive, inverted nipples, hepatomegaly, and pericardial effusion. Due to the ALG9 deficiency, the cells of this patient accumulated the lipid-linked oligosaccharides Man(6)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol and Man(8)GlcNAc(2)-PP-dolichol. It is known that the oligosaccharide structure has a profound effect on protein glycosylation. Therefore, we investigated the influence of these truncated oligosaccharide structures on the protein transfer efficiency, the quality control of newly synthesized glycoproteins, and the eventual degradation of the truncated glycoproteins formed in this patient. We demonstrated that lipid-linked Man(6)GlcNAc(2) and Man(8)GlcNAc(2) are transferred onto proteins with the same efficiency. In addition, glycoproteins bearing these Man(6)GlcNAc(2) and Man(8)GlcNAc(2) structures efficiently entered in the glucosylation/deglucosylation cycle of the quality control system to assist in protein folding. We also showed that in comparison with control cells, patient's cells degraded misfolded glycoproteins at an increasing rate. The Man(8)GlcNAc(2) isomer C on the patient's glycoproteins was found to promote the degradation of misfolded glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Vleugels
- Laboratory for Molecular Diagnosis, Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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48
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Michelakakis H, Moraitou M, Mavridou I, Dimitriou E. Plasma lysosomal enzyme activities in congenital disorders of glycosylation, galactosemia and fructosemia. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 401:81-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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49
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Xia B, Feasley CL, Sachdev GP, Smith DF, Cummings RD. Glycan reductive isotope labeling for quantitative glycomics. Anal Biochem 2009; 387:162-70. [PMID: 19454239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases and disorders are characterized by quantitative and/or qualitative changes in complex carbohydrates. Mass spectrometry methods show promise in monitoring and detecting these important biological changes. Here we report a new glycomics method, termed glycan reductive isotope labeling (GRIL), where free glycans are derivatized by reductive amination with the differentially coded stable isotope tags [(12)C(6)]aniline and [(13)C(6)]aniline. These dual-labeled aniline-tagged glycans can be recovered by reverse-phase chromatography and can be quantified based on ultraviolet (UV) absorbance and relative ion abundances. Unlike previously reported isotopically coded reagents for glycans, GRIL does not contain deuterium, which can be chromatographically resolved. Our method shows no chromatographic resolution of differentially labeled glycans. Mixtures of differentially tagged glycans can be directly compared and quantified using mass spectrometric techniques. We demonstrate the use of GRIL to determine relative differences in glycan amount and composition. We analyze free glycans and glycans enzymatically or chemically released from a variety of standard glycoproteins, as well as human and mouse serum glycoproteins, using this method. This technique allows linear relative quantitation of glycans over a 10-fold concentration range and can accurately quantify sub-picomole levels of released glycans, providing a needed advancement in the field of glycomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyun Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Glycomics Center at Emory University, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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50
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Zhang H, Ohyama K, Boudet J, Chen Z, Yang J, Zhang M, Muranaka T, Maurel C, Zhu JK, Gong Z. Dolichol biosynthesis and its effects on the unfolded protein response and abiotic stress resistance in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2008; 20:1879-98. [PMID: 18612099 PMCID: PMC2518237 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.108.061150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Dolichols are long-chain unsaturated polyisoprenoids with multiple cellular functions, such as serving as lipid carriers of sugars used for protein glycosylation, which affects protein trafficking in the endoplasmic reticulum. The biological functions of dolichols in plants are largely unknown. We isolated an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, lew1 (for leaf wilting1), that showed a leaf-wilting phenotype under normal growth conditions. LEW1 encoded a cis-prenyltransferase, which when expressed in Escherichia coli catalyzed the formation of dolichol with a chain length around C(80) in an in vitro assay. The lew1 mutation reduced the total plant content of main dolichols by approximately 85% and caused protein glycosylation defects. The mutation also impaired plasma membrane integrity, causing electrolyte leakage, lower turgor, reduced stomatal conductance, and increased drought resistance. Interestingly, drought stress in the lew1 mutant induced higher expression of the unfolded protein response pathway genes BINDING PROTEIN and BASIC DOMAIN/LEUCINE ZIPPER60 as well as earlier expression of the stress-responsive genes RD29A and COR47. The lew1 mutant was more sensitive to dark treatment, but this dark sensitivity was suppressed by drought treatment. Our data suggest that LEW1 catalyzes dolichol biosynthesis and that dolichol is important for plant responses to endoplasmic reticulum stress, drought, and dark-induced senescence in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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