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Girgin G, Sanajou S, Meric-Deliveli S, Baydar T. Verification studies of tryptophan and kynurenine determination using HPLC and evaluation of the kynurenine pathway and neopterin levels in human colostrum samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2024; 38:e5791. [PMID: 38031497 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Colostrum, the first breast fluid produced by mammals after giving birth, is followed by breast milk, which serves as the sole source of nutrients for breastfed newborns and infants. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, plays a crucial role in the development and maturation of the central nervous system in infants. Tryptophan is primarily degraded through the kynurenine pathway. Owing to its sensitivity to dietary intake, immune-mediated tryptophan degradation is assessed by the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio, with a focus on one of the rate-limiting enzymes in the pathway. This study involved the validation of the simultaneous determination of tryptophan and kynurenine using HPLC. The validated method was then used to detect levels of tryptophan and kynurenine, as well as to calculate the kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio in colostrum samples. Simultaneously, these results were compared with colostrum neopterin levels measured using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The mean levels for tryptophan, kynurenine, and neopterin were 17.3 ± 62.4 μM, 0.45 ± 0.03 μM, and 28.9 ± 2.6 nM, respectively. This study is among the few that have evaluated these parameters in colostrum samples. Neopterin levels secreted by the mammary gland were found not to be correlated with tryptophan degradation, a process influenced by the mother's nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gozde Girgin
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sonia Sanajou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Meric-Deliveli
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Terken Baydar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Zhu Y, Wang K, Jia X, Fu C, Yu H, Wang Y. Antioxidant peptides, the guardian of life from oxidative stress. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:275-364. [PMID: 37621230 DOI: 10.1002/med.21986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during oxidative metabolism in aerobic organisms. Under normal conditions, ROS production and elimination are in a relatively balanced state. However, under internal or external environmental stress, such as high glucose levels or UV radiation, ROS production can increase significantly, leading to oxidative stress. Excess ROS production not only damages biomolecules but is also closely associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, such as skin photoaging, diabetes, and cancer. Antioxidant peptides (AOPs) are naturally occurring or artificially designed peptides that can reduce the levels of ROS and other pro-oxidants, thus showing great potential in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. In this review, we discussed ROS production and its role in inducing oxidative stress-related diseases in humans. Additionally, we discussed the sources, mechanism of action, and evaluation methods of AOPs and provided directions for future studies on AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyi Jia
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Food Science and Technology Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caili Fu
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haining Yu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Srivastava U, Nataraj BH, Kumari M, Kadyan S, Puniya AK, Behare PV, Nagpal R. Antioxidant and immunomodulatory potency of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus NCDC24 fermented milk-derived peptides: A computationally guided in-vitro and ex-vivo investigation. Peptides 2022; 155:170843. [PMID: 35878657 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Infections of microbial and non-microbial origins have been associated with significant immunological manifestations, thereby underscoring the need for a thorough understanding and investigation of novel immunomodulatory and antioxidant molecules that could prevent these incidences. To this end, we herein aim to identify fermented milk peptides with antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties that could be exploited for specific future applications. Our computational prediction models indicate that these peptides are non-toxic and possess considerable hydrophobicity (19.82-38.96 %) and functionality. Further analyses reveal that two of the four peptides, i.e., Pep 1 (AGWNIPM) and Pep 4 (YLGYLEQLLR), possess higher in-vitro antioxidant activity. The immunomodulatory potential of these two peptides (Pep 1 and Pep 4) is further demonstrated by using a combination of molecular simulation trajectory and ex-vivo approaches. Both peptides demonstrate ability to control the production of pro- inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1, and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines as well as nitric oxide release in LPS-stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. Similarly, peptide interferences also lead to significant (P < 0.05) improvement in macrophage phagocytic capacity. Taken together, these findings highlight the antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties of fermented milk peptides (Pep 1 and Pep 4) within the cellular environment and should facilitate prospective studies exploring such bioactive peptides and related functional molecules mediating the benefits of fermented milk products on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umang Srivastava
- Techno-functional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Basavaprabhu H Nataraj
- Techno-functional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Manorama Kumari
- Techno-functional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Saurabh Kadyan
- Techno-functional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India; Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Anil K Puniya
- Anaerobic Microbiology Lab, Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Pradip V Behare
- Techno-functional Starters Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India.
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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4
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Chaima D, Hart J, Pickering H, Burr S, Maleta K, Kalua K, Bailey R, Holland M. Association between intestinal bacterial carriage, biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction, and stunting in rural Malawian children. Gates Open Res 2022. [DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.13671.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Available data from murine studies suggest that intestinal bacteria may have a role in modulating growth phenotypes in the host. We investigated the prevalence of four gut bacteria known in murine models to impair growth (Bifidobacterium longum, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Dorea formicigenerans, and Akkermansia muciniphila), the level of fecal biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) and stunting in rural Malawian children. Methods. DNA and protein were extracted from fecal samples of rural Malawian children (aged 1-59 months) at a baseline cross-sectional survey in the Mangochi district of Malawi conducted within the framework of the Macrolides Oraux pour Réduire les Décès avec un Oeil sur la Résistance (MORDOR) trial. Intestinal carriage of bacteria was measured by PCR. Neopterin (NEO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), biomarkers of EED, were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. Height-for-age Z (HAZ) score <-2 defined stunting. Tests of proportions and regression models were used to explore the relationship between bacterial carriage, EED, and stunting. Results. Fecal samples from 613 children were available for laboratory analyses. F. prausnitzii and D. formicigenerans were prevalent in over 70% of children while B. longum was the least prevalent. B. longum carriage in younger children was associated with elevated EED biomarkers. Two thirds of children had elevated NEO, 33% had elevated MPO, and 16% had elevated AAT. Stunting was found in 38%. No significant associations were found between EED biomarkers or intestinal bacteria carriage and stunting. Conclusion. Intestinal carriage of these four bacteria was not associated with stunting in Malawian children. Carriage was also not associated with EED, nor EED biomarker levels associated with stunting. Further factors acting in concert are necessary to impact EED, perturb growth, and alter gut bacterial carriage.
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Lu J, Guo Y, Muhmood A, Zeng B, Qiu Y, Wang P, Ren L. Probing the antioxidant activity of functional proteins and bioactive peptides in Hermetia illucens larvae fed with food wastes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2799. [PMID: 35181682 PMCID: PMC8857240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Food waste is becoming more prevalent, and managing it is one of the most important issues in terms of food safety. In this study, functional proteins and bioactive peptides produced from the enzymatic digestion of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L., BSF) fed with food wastes were characterized and quantified using proteomics-based analysis. The results revealed approximately 78 peptides and 57 proteins, including 40S ribosomal protein S4, 60S ribosomal protein L8, ATP synthase subunit alpha, ribosomal protein S3, Histone H2A, NADP-glutamate dehydrogenase, Fumarate hydratase, RNA helicase, Chitin binding Peritrophin-A, Lectin C-type protein, etc. were found in BSF. Furthermore, functional analysis of the proteins revealed that the 60S ribosomal protein L5 (RpL5) in BSF interacted with a variety of ribosomal proteins and played a key role in the glycolytic process (AT14039p). Higher antioxidant activity was found in peptide sequences such as GYGFGGGAGCLSMDTGAHLNR, VVPSANRAMVGIVAGGGRIDKPILK, AGLQFPVGR, GFKDQIQDVFK, and GFKDQIQDVFK. It was concluded that the bioconversion of food wastes by BSF brought about the generation of a variety of functional proteins and bioactive peptides with strong antioxidant activity. However, more studies are required to exploit BSF's potential in the value addition of food wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Lu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.,Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yuwen Guo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Atif Muhmood
- Institute of Soil Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bei Zeng
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yizhan Qiu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China. .,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Lianhai Ren
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China. .,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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6
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Biological Effects of Indole-3-Propionic Acid, a Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolite, and Its Precursor Tryptophan in Mammals' Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031222. [PMID: 35163143 PMCID: PMC8835432 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Actions of symbiotic gut microbiota are in dynamic balance with the host’s organism to maintain homeostasis. Many different factors have an impact on this relationship, including bacterial metabolites. Several substrates for their synthesis have been established, including tryptophan, an exogenous amino acid. Many biological processes are influenced by the action of tryptophan and its endogenous metabolites, serotonin, and melatonin. Recent research findings also provide evidence that gut bacteria-derived metabolites of tryptophan share the biological effects of their precursor. Thus, this review aims to investigate the biological actions of indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut microbiota-derived metabolite of tryptophan. We searched PUBMED and Google Scholar databases to identify pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluating the impact of IPA on the health and pathophysiology of the immune, nervous, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular system in mammals. IPA exhibits a similar impact on the energetic balance and cardiovascular system to its precursor, tryptophan. Additionally, IPA has a positive impact on a cellular level, by preventing oxidative stress injury, lipoperoxidation and inhibiting synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines. Its synthesis can be diminished in the presence of different risk factors of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, protective factors, such as the introduction of a Mediterranean diet, tend to increase its plasma concentration. IPA seems to be a promising new target, linking gut health with the cardiovascular system.
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7
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Stobiecka M, Król J, Brodziak A. Antioxidant Activity of Milk and Dairy Products. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:245. [PMID: 35158569 PMCID: PMC8833589 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to present a review of literature data on the antioxidant potential of raw milk and dairy products (milk, fermented products, and cheese) and the possibility to modify its level at the milk production and processing stage. Based on the available reports, it can be concluded that the consumption of products that are a rich source of bioactive components improves the antioxidant status of the organism and reduces the risk of development of many civilization diseases. Milk and dairy products are undoubtedly rich sources of antioxidant compounds. Various methods, in particular, ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH assays, are used for the measurement of the overall antioxidant activity of milk and dairy products. Research indicates differences in the total antioxidant capacity of milk between animal species, which result from the differences in the chemical compositions of their milk. The content of antioxidant components in milk and the antioxidant potential can be modified through animal nutrition (e.g., supplementation of animal diets with various natural additives (herbal mixtures, waste from fruit and vegetable processing)). The antioxidant potential of dairy products is associated with the quality of the raw material as well as the bacterial cultures and natural plant additives used. Antioxidant peptides released during milk fermentation increase the antioxidant capacity of dairy products, and the use of probiotic strains contributes its enhancement. Investigations have shown that the antioxidant activity of dairy products can be enhanced by the addition of plant raw materials or their extracts in the production process. Natural plant additives should therefore be widely used in animal nutrition or as functional additives to dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanta Król
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland; (M.S.); (A.B.)
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8
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Vargas MA, Bernal C, Martínez R. Protease‐assisted process for tryptophan release from pumpkin (
Cucurbita maxima
) seed protein extracts. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta A. Vargas
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Enzimática para Bioprocesos Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos Universidad de La Serena La Serena Chile
| | - Claudia Bernal
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Enzimática para Bioprocesos Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos Universidad de La Serena La Serena Chile
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinaria en Ciencia y Tecnología Universidad de La Serena La Serena Chile
| | - Ronny Martínez
- Laboratorio de Tecnología Enzimática para Bioprocesos Departamento de Ingeniería en Alimentos Universidad de La Serena La Serena Chile
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9
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Characterization of Antioxidant Peptides from Thai Traditional Semi-Dried Fermented Catfish. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7040262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the antioxidant peptides from a Thai traditional semi-dried fermented farmed hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus × Clarias gariepinus) catfish, Pla Duk Ra, were characterized. After extraction and deproteinization, Pla Duk Ra crude peptide extract (CPE) was fractioned using 2 connected Hitrap Sephadex-G25 columns, yielding two significant fractions, F1 with higher browning intensity (A420) and F2. CPE, F1, and F2 had different amino acid profiles, contents, and sequences evaluated by LC-MS/MS, which could be responsible for their antioxidant properties. F2 contained the highest numbers of hydrophobic amino acid (HBA) (47.45%) and aromatic amino acid (27.31%), followed by F1, and CPE. The peptides with 8–24 amino acid residues were detected in CPE and its fractions. In CPE, F1, and F2, there were 69, 68, and 85 peptides with varied HBA content, respectively. ARHSYGMLYCSCPPND (50% HBA), ALRKMGRK (37.5% HBA), and ANWMIPLM (87.5% HBA) were the most prevalent peptides found in CPE, F1, and F2. Overall, F2 was the most effective at inhibiting free radicals (DPPH● and ABTS●+) and reactive oxygen species (hydroxyl radical, singlet oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide), followed by F1 and CPE. The metal chelation of F1 was, however, superior to that of F2 and CPE. For the stability test, the effects of pH, heating temperature, and in vitro digestion on the DPPH● scavenging activity of F2 were investigated. The activity was boosted by lowering the pH and raising the heating temperature. In the gastrointestinal tract model system, however, roughly 50% of DPPH● scavenging activity reduced after digesting.
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10
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Therapeutic Potential of Tuna Backbone Peptide and Its Analogs: An In Vitro and In Silico Study. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26072064. [PMID: 33916797 PMCID: PMC8038390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuna backbone peptide (TBP) has been reported to exert potent inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation in vitro. Since this bears relevant physiological implications, this study was undertaken to assess the impact of peptide modifications on its bioactivity and other therapeutic potential using in vitro and in silico approach. Some TBP analogs, despite lower purity than the parent peptide, exerted promising antioxidant activities in vitro demonstrated by ABTS radical scavenging assay and cellular antioxidant activity assay. In silico digestion of the peptides resulted in the generation of antioxidant, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPPIV) inhibitory dipeptides. Using bioinformatics platforms, we found five stable TBP analogs that hold therapeutic potential with their predicted multifunctionality, stability, non-toxicity, and low bitterness intensity. This work shows how screening and prospecting for bioactive peptides can be improved with the use of in vitro and in silico approaches.
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11
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Issac PK, Lite C, Guru A, Velayutham M, Kuppusamy G, Saraswathi NT, Al Olayan EM, Aloufi AS, Elokaby MA, Elumalai P, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J. Tryptophan-tagged peptide from serine threonine-protein kinase of Channa striatus improves antioxidant defence in L6 myotubes and attenuates caspase 3-dependent apoptotic response in zebrafish larvae. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:293-311. [PMID: 33394283 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00912-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the antioxidant property and molecular mechanism of a tryptophan-tagged peptide derived from a teleost fish Channa striatus of serine threonine-protein kinase (STPK). The peptide was tagged with tryptophan to enhance the antioxidant property of STPK and named as IW13. The antioxidant activity of IW13 peptide was investigated using in vitro methods such as DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. Furthermore, to investigate the toxicity and dose response of IW13 peptide on antioxidant defence in vitro, L6 myotubes were induced with generic oxidative stress due to exposure of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). IW13 peptide exposure was found to be non-cytotoxic to L6 cells in the tested concentration (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μM). Also, the pre-treatment of IW13 peptide decreased the lipid peroxidation level and increased glutathione enzyme activity. IW13 peptide treatment upregulated the antioxidant enzyme genes: GPx (glutathione peroxidase), GST (glutathione S transferase) and GCS (glutamine cysteine synthase), in vitro in L6 myotubes and in vivo in zebrafish larvae against the H2O2-induced oxidative stress. The results demonstrated that IW13 renders protection against the H2O2-induced oxidative stress through a cellular antioxidant defence mechanism by upregulating the gene expression, thus enhancing the antioxidant activity in the cellular or organismal level. The findings exhibited that the tryptophan-tagged IW13 peptide from STPK of C. striatus could be a promising candidate for the treatment of oxidative stress-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Kumar Issac
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Christy Lite
- Endocrine and Exposome Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Madras Christian College, Tambaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 059, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Manikandan Velayutham
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India
| | - Giva Kuppusamy
- Innovation and Technology Advancement Department, GK Aqua Sdn Bhd, Lot 563 Kg Sg Machang Ulu, 71750, Lenggeng, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - N T Saraswathi
- Molecular Biophysics Lab, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613 401, India
| | - Ebtesam M Al Olayan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer S Aloufi
- Department of Zoology, Vaccines Research Unit, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Elokaby
- Aquaculture Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Alexandria, 21556, Egypt
| | - Preetham Elumalai
- School of Processing Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kerala, India
| | - Aziz Arshad
- International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- SRM Research Institute, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603 203, India.
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12
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Zaky AA, Abd El-Aty AM, Ma A, Jia Y. An overview on antioxidant peptides from rice bran proteins: extraction, identification, and applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1350-1362. [PMID: 33146021 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1842324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Rice by-products, generated through the milling processes, have recently been recognized as a potential source of bioactive compounds, such as proteins, essential amino acids, and phenolics. Owing to their antioxidant capacity (which improve the storage stability of foods), these compounds have gained much attention because of their beneficial impacts on human health. It has to be noted that large quantities of rice by-products are not efficiently utilized, which may result in industrial wastes and environmental consequences. Thence, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive insight on the antioxidant capabilities, extraction, identification, functional attributes, and applications of bioactive hydrolysates and peptides derived from rice bran protein. This overview would provide an insight on rice bran proteins, which are abundant in bioactive peptides, and could be used as value-added products in food and pharmaceutical applications. Inclusion of bioactive peptides to prevent food spoilage while maintaining food safety has also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Zaky
- Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Department of Food Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan, China.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Aijin Ma
- Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingmin Jia
- Lab of Enzyme Engineering, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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13
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Ritota M, Manzi P. Rapid Determination of Total Tryptophan in Yoghurt by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215025. [PMID: 33138259 PMCID: PMC7662364 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP) is an essential amino acid which cannot be synthesized by humans and animals, but has to be supplied by exogenous sources, notably through the diet. The bulk of dietary TRP flows into the synthesis of body’s proteins, but the TRP metabolism also involves several biochemical reactions (i.e., serotonin and kynurenine pathways). Defects in the TRP transport mechanism or catabolism are related to a large number of clinical abnormalities. Therefore, dietary TRP intake is necessary not only for the body’s growth but also for most of the body’s metabolic functions. Among protein-based foods, milk proteins provide a relatively high amount of TRP. In this paper, a rapid chromatographic method for TRP determination in yoghurt, by ultra high performance liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase column with fluorescence detection (280 nm Ex; 360 nm Em), is provided. A linear gradient elution of acetonitrile in water allowed TRP analysis in 8.0 min. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of the method were 0.011 ng/µL and 0.029 ng/µL, respectively, using 5-methyl-l-tryptophan as the internal standard. The analytical method was successfully applied to commercial yoghurts from different animal species, and the TRP values ranged between 35.19 and 121.97 mg/100 g (goat and cow Greek type yoghurt, respectively).
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Ren J, Sha W, Shang S, Yuan E. Hepatoprotective peptides purified from
Corbicula fluminea
and its effect against ethanol‐induced LO2 cells injury. Int J Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoyan Ren
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Wanqian Sha
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Shuaiming Shang
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
| | - Erdong Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 China
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15
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Purushothaman A, Sheeja AA, Janardanan D. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of melatonin and its related indolamines. Free Radic Res 2020; 54:373-383. [PMID: 32567401 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2020.1774575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (•OH) scavenging activities of Melatonin, an endogenously produced neurohormone and its related indolamines like N-acetyl tryptophan (NAT) and N-acetyl serotonin (NAS) have been investigated using density functional theory. The mechanism involves 4 steps: initial radical addition to position-3 of the indole ring, keto-amine to enol-imine tautomerization, cyclisation, and finally, addition of a second •OH leading to a cyclic end product. Incorporation of an explicit water molecule in tautomerization step leads to a significant reduction in the barrier of this step, so that the subsequent cyclisation step becomes rate-limiting. In agreement with the very high reactivity of •OH, the initial and final addition of •OH to indolamine are found to be barrierless. Radical adduct formed in the initial step was found to be very stable due to the extensive conjugation present in the substrate. Our calculations show that melatonin is the most effective radical scavenger among the three molecules chosen. NAS was found to exhibit antiradical property comparable to that of melatonin. In contrast to the general observation of reduced antioxidant activity of tryptophan, a non-natural derivative of tryptophan used here (NAT) is found to have good radical scavenging activity. This work further implies that non-natural derivatives of indolamines might as well be useful in the detoxification of free radicals as they exhibit almost comparable antioxidant efficiency as that of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiswarya Purushothaman
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
| | - Achutha Anil Sheeja
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College Kollam, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Deepa Janardanan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, India
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16
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Bashir KMI, Sohn JH, Kim JS, Choi JS. Identification and characterization of novel antioxidant peptides from mackerel (Scomber japonicus) muscle protein hydrolysates. Food Chem 2020; 323:126809. [PMID: 32330643 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant peptides are commonly used as functional ingredient in the pharmaceutical industries. Here, we characterized the antioxidant peptides from mackerel muscle protein hydrolysates (MPHs). MPHs showing higher bioactivities were separated into seven groups by FPLC. MPH-3 which exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) DPPH scavenging activity (32.12 ± 3.01%) was fractionated using RP-HPLC to obtain purified fractions A and B, which were further subjected to MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS for mass fingerprinting. Fraction A exhibited the highest (p < 0.05) DPPH scavenging activity (34.11 ± 1.52%), and it contained 21 peptides characterized by LC-MS/MS-. Ten peptides were synthesized, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated; one of the peptides, ALSTWTLQLGSTSFSASPM, showed the highest (p < 0.05) DPPH scavenging activity (36.34 ± 4.64%) and another peptide, LGTLLFIAIPI, exhibited the highest (p < 0.05) SOD-like activity (28.94 ± 4.19%). The results of this study indicate that MPHs could serve as a suitable source of antioxidant peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja Muhammad Imran Bashir
- German Engineering Research Center for Life Science Technologies in Medicine and Environment, 31, Gwahaksan 1-ro, 60 Bean-gil, Gangseo-gu, Busan 46742, Republic of Korea; Seafood Research Center, IACF, Silla University, 606, Advanced Seafood Processing Complex, Wonyang-ro, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49277, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Hak Sohn
- Seafood Research Center, IACF, Silla University, 606, Advanced Seafood Processing Complex, Wonyang-ro, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49277, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, 140, Baegyang-daero 700 beon-gil, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Seafood and Aquaculture Science, Gyeongsang National University, 38 Cheondaegukchi-gil, Tongyeong-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 53064, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Suk Choi
- Seafood Research Center, IACF, Silla University, 606, Advanced Seafood Processing Complex, Wonyang-ro, Amnam-dong, Seo-gu, Busan 49277, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, 140, Baegyang-daero 700 beon-gil, Sasang-gu, Busan 46958, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Kang YS, Park I, Park MS, Choi WI, Lee SY, Mun J, Choi B, Koh M, Kim DY, Park K. l-Tryptophan: Antioxidant as a Film-Forming Additive for a High-Voltage Cathode. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:2823-2828. [PMID: 32101012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
l-tryptophan (TrP) was investigated as a functional film-forming additive on a lithium-rich layered oxide cathode because it has a much lower oxidation potential than other common carbonate-based electrolytes. Owing to its prior oxidation to a base electrolyte, an artificial cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) was formed on the cathode surface, which could be confirmed via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy and verified through density functional theory calculations. The functional film formed on the cathode surface suppressed the side reactions between the cathode and electrolyte during cell cycling. As a result, the film prevented CEI thickening and performance deterioration. The optimum weight of TrP was determined to be 0.4 wt % for obtaining the best performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Sok Kang
- Energy Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Company Ltd., 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, South Korea
| | - Insun Park
- Energy Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Company Ltd., 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, South Korea
| | - Min Sik Park
- CAE Group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Company Ltd., 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, South Korea
| | - Woon Ih Choi
- CAE Group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Company Ltd., 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, South Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Lee
- Analytical Engineering Group, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Company Ltd., 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, South Korea
| | - Junyoung Mun
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Incheon University, 119 Academy-ro, Songdo 1(il)-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 22012, South Korea
| | - Byungjin Choi
- Energy Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Company Ltd., 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, South Korea
| | - Meiten Koh
- Energy Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Company Ltd., 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, South Korea
| | - Dong Young Kim
- Energy Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics Company Ltd., 130, Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-Si, Gyeonggi-do 16678, South Korea
| | - Kwangjin Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Sungnamdaero, Sujeong-Gu, Sungnam Si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, South Korea
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Sangtitanu T, Sangtanoo P, Srimongkol P, Saisavoey T, Reamtong O, Karnchanatat A. Peptides obtained from edible mushrooms: Hericium erinaceus offers the ability to scavenge free radicals and induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells in humans. Food Funct 2020; 11:4927-4939. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00227e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This research examined the antioxidant abilities of peptides derived from the Hericium erinaceus mushroom produced via three microbial proteases at varying concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taniya Sangtitanu
- Program in Biotechnology
- Faculty of Science
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
| | - Papassara Sangtanoo
- Research Unit in Bioconversion/Bioseparation for Value-Added Chemical Production
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
| | - Piroonporn Srimongkol
- Research Unit in Bioconversion/Bioseparation for Value-Added Chemical Production
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
| | - Tanatorn Saisavoey
- Research Unit in Bioconversion/Bioseparation for Value-Added Chemical Production
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
| | - Onrapak Reamtong
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10400
- Thailand
| | - Aphichart Karnchanatat
- Research Unit in Bioconversion/Bioseparation for Value-Added Chemical Production
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
- Chulalongkorn University
- Bangkok 10330
- Thailand
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Martini S, Conte A, Tagliazucchi D. Comparative peptidomic profile and bioactivities of cooked beef, pork, chicken and turkey meat after in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion. J Proteomics 2019; 208:103500. [PMID: 31454557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the potential contribution of bioactive peptides to the biological activities related to the consumption of pork, beef, chicken and turkey meat following in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion. After extraction of the peptidic fractions from digested samples, the bioactivities were evaluated by in vitro antioxidant activity as well as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibition assays. Pork and turkey meat appeared to be the best sources of antioxidant peptides. Pork was found to be the best source of DPP-IV-inhibitory peptides whereas chicken meat supplied peptides with the highest ACE-inhibitory activity. The comprehensive analysis of the peptidomic profile of digested samples was performed by nano-LC-ESI-QTOF MS/MS analysis. A total of 217, 214, 257 and 248 peptides were identified in digested pork, beef, chicken and turkey meat, respectively. Chicken and turkey meat showed the highest similarity in peptide sequences with 202 common peptides. Sixty-two peptides matched with sequences with previously demonstrated biological activity. In particular, 35 peptides showed ACE-inhibitory activity and 23 DPP-IV inhibitory activity. Twenty-two bioactive peptides were commonly released from the different types of meat. The relative amount of identified bioactive peptides were positively correlated to the biological activities of the different digested meats. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The present study describes for the first time a comprehensive peptide profile of four types of meat after in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion. The peptide inventory was used to identify 62 bioactive peptides with ACE- and DPPIV-inhibitory and antioxidant activities. The bioactivity analysis revealed interesting and significant differences between the studied meats. The originality of this work lay in the description of intrinsic differences in physiological functions after the ingestion of meat proteins from different species. In a context in which the current research scene relates meat consumption to the onset of chronic pathologies, this peptide profiling and bioactivity analysis shed light on the possible health benefits of peptides released from meat proteins. In fact, this paper represents a sort of detailed peptide list that may help to predict which peptides could be generated after meat intake and detectable at gastro-intestinal level. It also provides a thorough investigation of novel biological activities associated to meat protein hydrolysates, giving a new positive aspect to meat consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Martini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2 - Pad. Besta, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Angela Conte
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2 - Pad. Besta, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Davide Tagliazucchi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Amendola, 2 - Pad. Besta, 42100 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
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20
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Khan NA, Sharma J, Chakrabarti R. The study of ameliorative effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin C, vitamin E, and tryptophan on Labeo rohita (Cyprinidae) fry exposed to intense light. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:1153-1165. [PMID: 30847628 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00626-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The stress ameliorating effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin C, vitamin E, and tryptophan on rohu Labeo rohita fry was evaluated. Rohu fry (1.1 ± 0.03 g) were cultured under five different feeding regimes: enriched with 0.08% vitamin C (D1), 0.02% vitamin E (D2), 1.42% tryptophan (D3), a combination of these three ingredients at similar doses (D4), and control diet (D5). Rohu fry of D5 were divided into two groups-exposed to experimental light (D5FL) and ambient light (114 ± 4 lx, D5AL). All fry (except D5AL) were exposed at light intensity of 3442 ± 648 lx. Feeding of rohu with enriched diets significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the survival rate and average weight. A 15-25% higher survival and 1.3-1.8-fold higher average weight were recorded in rohu fed with enriched diet compared to D5FL treatment. Supplementation of vitamin C in diet (D1) of rohu resulted in 4.1-fold and 6.9-fold higher nitric oxide synthase and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, respectively compared to the D5FL treatment. The tryptophan-enriched diet (D3) showed 5.8-fold higher melatonin and 4.4-fold lower cortisol levels in rohu compared to the D5FL treatment. Significantly (P < 0.05) higher nitric oxide synthase, GSH and melatonin, and lower cortisol, glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, carbonyl protein, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase levels were found in D4 diet fed rohu compared to the other treatments. Reduced level of stress in D4 treatment resulted in best performance of rohu in terms of less swimming activity and higher survival and growth compared to the other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaz Alam Khan
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India
| | - JaiGopal Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Rina Chakrabarti
- Aqua Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India.
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21
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Sun H, Han S, Cheng R, Hei M, Kakulas F, Lee SK. Testing the feasibility and safety of feeding preterm infants fresh mother's own milk in the NICU: A pilot study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:941. [PMID: 30700726 PMCID: PMC6353969 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the leading cause of death among infants born at <30 weeks’ gestation, but donor human milk can reduce the incidence of NEC. Unfortunately, freezing or pasteurizing human milk deactivates beneficial bioactive components. We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and impact of feeding very preterm infants fresh (unprocessed) mother’s own milk within 4 hours of expression. In our multicentre prospective cohort analytic study, we fed 109 control and 98 intervention infants previously frozen donor or mother’s own milk; only the intervention group was fed fresh mother’s own milk once daily from enrollment until 32 weeks’ corrected age. Control group mothers could not commit to provide fresh milk daily and were less likely receive antenatal corticosteroids than mothers in the intervention group. In the intervention group, 87.5% (98/112) of mothers were able to provide at least one feed of fresh milk a day. No critical incidents or non-compliance with the protocol were reported. The duration of mechanical ventilation and total parenteral nutrition use were shorter in the intervention group than controls (P < 0.01) but the length of hospital stay was similar (P = 0.57). Although the study might be underpowered, the intervention group had lower unadjusted rates of the composite outcome NEC ≥ stage 2 or mortality (8% vs 20%, P = 0.04), sepsis (22% vs 38%, P = 0.02), retinopathy of prematurity (17% vs 39%, P < 0.01) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (32% vs 47%, P < 0.01) than the control. These results indicated that feeding fresh mother’s own milk once daily was safe, feasible, and may reduce morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Sun
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Neonatology, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Neonatology, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuping Han
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyan Hei
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Neonatal Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Foteini Kakulas
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shoo K Lee
- Maternal-Infant Care Research Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Paediatrics, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, and Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Paediatrics, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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22
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Xu K, Liu G, Fu C. The Tryptophan Pathway Targeting Antioxidant Capacity in the Placenta. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1054797. [PMID: 30140360 PMCID: PMC6081554 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1054797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The placenta plays a vital role in fetal development during pregnancy. Dysfunction of the placenta can be caused by oxidative stress and can lead to abnormal fetal development. Preventing oxidative stress of the placenta is thus an important measure to ensure positive birth outcomes. Research shows that tryptophan and its metabolites can efficiently clean free radicals (including the reactive oxygen species and activated chlorine). Consequently, tryptophan and its metabolites are suggested to act as potent antioxidants in the placenta. However, the mechanism of these antioxidant properties in the placenta is still unknown. In this review, we summarize research on the antioxidant properties of tryptophan, tryptophan metabolites, and metabolic enzymes. Two predicted mechanisms of tryptophan's antioxidant properties are discussed. (1) Tryptophan could activate the phosphorylation of p62 after the activation of mTORC1; phosphorylated p62 then uncouples the interaction between Nrf2 and Keap1, and activated Nrf2 enters the nucleus to induce expressions of antioxidant proteins, thus improving cellular antioxidation. (2) 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, a tryptophan kynurenine pathway metabolite, changes conformation of Keap1, inducing the dissociation of Nrf2 and Keap1, activating Nrf2 to enter the nucleus and induce expressions of antioxidant proteins (such as HO-1), thereby enhancing cellular antioxidant capacity. These mechanisms may enrich the theory of how to apply tryptophan as an antioxidant during pregnancy, providing technical support for its use in regulating the pregnancy's redox status and enriching our understanding of amino acids' nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Chenxing Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients and Hunan Collaborative Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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Production of antioxidant peptide fractions from a by-product of tomato processing: mass spectrometry identification of peptides and stability to gastrointestinal digestion. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:3498-3507. [PMID: 30150808 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3274-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, proteins were extracted from tomato seeds, the main by-product of tomato processing. The incubation for 138.62 min coupled with 3% alcalase was observed to be optimum to produce a tomato seed protein hydrolysate (TSPH) with the highest antioxidant properties. Under these conditions, predicted TSPH activities were 62.99% scavenging of DPPH radicals and 54.81% reduction of phosphomolybdate. Separation of TSPH by ultrafiltration provided three fractions (UF1-UF3) of which, UF3 (< 3 kDa) showed the strongest activity (73.15% DPPH scavenging and 60.1% phosphomolybdate reduction). UF3 was further separated by RP-HPLC into sub-fractions F1-F6. Biological testing found that F2 and F4 were the most active in scavenging DPPH radicals (60.36 and 21.23%) and reducing phosphomolybdate (57.3 and 48.0%). LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis showed that the higher activity of F2 might be explained by the presence of more peptides that contained tyrosine and histidine, known to enhance antioxidant activity through hydrogen or electron transfer. In the simulated gastrointestinal digestion test, peptides in F2 were more resistant compared to those in F4. These findings indicate that peptide fraction F2 might be more useful in the formulation of functional foods because of its greater antioxidant activity and resistance to digestion.
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24
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Biological activities and peptidomic profile of in vitro-digested cow, camel, goat and sheep milk. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Phytochemicals in Human Milk and Their Potential Antioxidative Protection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7020032. [PMID: 29470421 PMCID: PMC5836022 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets contain secondary plant metabolites commonly referred to as phytochemicals. Many of them are believed to impact human health through various mechanisms, including protection against oxidative stress and inflammation, and decreased risks of developing chronic diseases. For mothers and other people, phytochemical intake occurs through the consumption of foods such as fruits, vegetables, and grains. Research has shown that some these phytochemicals are present in the mother’s milk and can contribute to its oxidative stability. For infants, human milk (HM) represents the primary and preferred source of nutrition because it is a complete food. Studies have reported that the benefit provided by HM goes beyond basic nutrition. It can, for example, reduce oxidative stress in infants, thereby reducing the risk of lung and intestinal diseases in infants. This paper summarizes the phytochemicals present in HM and their potential contribution to infant health.
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26
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Shang WH, Tang Y, Su SY, Han JR, Yan JN, Wu HT, Zhu BW. In silicoassessment and structural characterization of antioxidant peptides from major yolk protein of sea urchinStrongylocentrotus nudus. Food Funct 2018; 9:6435-6443. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01668b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sea urchin gonads have been demonstrated to contain major yolk protein (MYP), which can be hydrolyzed by enzymes to release biologically active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Shang
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Tang
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
| | - Sheng-Yi Su
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-Run Han
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-Nan Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Wu
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
| | - Bei-Wei Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology
- Dalian Polytechnic University
- Dalian 116034
- P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood
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Jiang SQ, Gou ZY, Lin XJ, Li L. Effects of dietary tryptophan levels on performance and biochemical variables of plasma and intestinal mucosa in yellow-feathered broiler breeders. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e387-e394. [PMID: 29152793 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary tryptophan (Trp) levels on performance and biochemical variables of plasma and intestinal mucosa in broiler breeder hens were investigated in this study. A total of 780 Lingnan yellow-feathered broiler breeder hens were randomly assigned in one of five dietary treatments with six replicates per treatment (26 birds per replicate). The breeder hens were fed either the basal diet (0.11% Trp) or the basal diet supplemented to 0.15%, 0.19%, 0.23% and 0.27% Trp, from 197 to 259 days of age. Graded levels of Trp from 0.11% to 0.27% in the diet produced quadratic (p < .05) responses in laying rate, average daily egg production, and feed conversion ratio, and quadratic (p < .01) responses in total large follicle weight and average large follicle weight. An increase in fertilization rate of total eggs was observed in breeders fed 0.27% Trp, and hatchability was higher in breeders fed 0.23% and 0.27% Trp than with 0.19% Trp (p < .05). The content of uric acid N decreased with 0.15% and 0.23% dietary Trp (p < .05). The content of GSH and the GSH-to-GSSG ratio in plasma were reduced by 0.15%, 0.19% and 0.27% Trp diets (p < .05). A higher activity of GST in plasma was observed with 0.15% Trp in relation to 0.23% and 0.27% Trp (p < .05). The activity of Na+ -K+ -ATPase of plasma in birds fed 0.27% Trp was lower than in those fed 0.15% Trp and the control birds (p < .05). There were significant influences of dietary Trp levels on S6K1, B0 AT1, Nrf2, TLR4, TNF-α and IL-6 transcripts of ileal mucosa (p < .05). The optimal dietary Trp level was 0.203% or 254 mg per hen per day, for Chinese yellow-feathered broiler breeder hens aged from 197 to 259 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Q Jiang
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Y Gou
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
| | - X J Lin
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
| | - L Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Unal S, Demirel N, Yaprak Sul D, Ulubas Isik D, Erol S, Neselioglu S, Erel O, Bas AY. The consequence of phototherapy exposure on oxidative stress status of expressed human milk. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 32:46-50. [PMID: 28826273 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1370702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There exists evidence that phototherapy can disturb the oxidant/antioxidant balance in favor of oxidants. If phototherapy is continued during tube feeding in preterms, expressed human milk is subjected to phototherapy lights for about 20 min per feeding. We aimed to investigate the effects of phototherapy lights on oxidative/antioxidative status of expressed human milk. STUDY DESIGN Milk samples of 50 healthy mothers were grouped as control and phototherapy and exposed to 20 min of day-light and phototherapy light, respectively. Total antioxidant capacity (mmol-Trolox equiv/L) and total oxidant status (mmol-H2O2/L) in expressed human milk samples were measured. RESULTS Levels of antioxidant capacity of the expressed human milks in the phototherapy group were lower than those of the control group [mmol-Trolox equiv/L; median (interquartile-range): 1.30 (0.89-1.65) and 1.77 (1.51-2.06), p: < .001]. Levels of oxidant status were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that phototherapy decreased antioxidant capacity of expressed human milk without any alteration in oxidative status. We think that this observation is important for the care of very low birth weighted infants who have limited antioxidant capacity and are vulnerable to oxidative stress. It may be advisable either to turn off the phototherapy or cover the tube and syringe to preserve antioxidant capacity of human milk during simultaneous tube feeding and phototherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Unal
- a Department of Neonatology , Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Nihal Demirel
- a Department of Neonatology , Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Deniz Yaprak Sul
- a Department of Neonatology , Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Dilek Ulubas Isik
- a Department of Neonatology , Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Sara Erol
- a Department of Neonatology , Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Salim Neselioglu
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Yildirim Beyazit University Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- b Department of Clinical Biochemistry , Yildirim Beyazit University Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yagmur Bas
- a Department of Neonatology , Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Women's Health Teaching and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
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29
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Xu K, Liu H, Bai M, Gao J, Wu X, Yin Y. Redox Properties of Tryptophan Metabolism and the Concept of Tryptophan Use in Pregnancy. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1595. [PMID: 28737706 PMCID: PMC5536082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, tryptophan (Trp) is required for several purposes, and Trp metabolism varies over time in the mother and fetus. Increased oxidative stress (OS) with high metabolic, energy and oxygen demands during normal pregnancy or in pregnancy-associated disorders has been reported. Taking the antioxidant properties of Trp and its metabolites into consideration, we made four hypotheses. First, the use of Trp and its metabolites is optional based on their antioxidant properties during pregnancy. Second, dynamic Trp metabolism is an accommodation mechanism in response to OS. Third, regulation of Trp metabolism could be used to control/attenuate OS according to variations in Trp metabolism during pregnancy. Fourth, OS-mediated injury could be alleviated by regulation of Trp metabolism in pregnancy-associated disorders. Future studies in normal/abnormal pregnancies and in associated disorders should include measurements of free Trp, total Trp, Trp metabolites, and activities of Trp-degrading enzymes in plasma. Abnormal pregnancies and some associated disorders may be associated with disordered Trp metabolism related to OS. Mounting evidence suggests that the investigation of the use of Trp and its metabolites in pregnancy will be meanful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Changsha 410125, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Hongnan Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Changsha 410125, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Miaomiao Bai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Changsha 410125, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Changsha 410125, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Changsha 410125, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agroecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Changsha 410125, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha 410125, China.
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30
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Dicky O, Ehlinger V, Montjaux N, Gremmo-Féger G, Sizun J, Rozé JC, Arnaud C, Casper C. Policy of feeding very preterm infants with their mother's own fresh expressed milk was associated with a reduced risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:755-762. [PMID: 28128874 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM Since 2005, the French Food Safety Agency has recommended that very preterm or low-birthweight babies should be fed with pasteurised, expressed breastmilk, and feeding policies on this vary widely in French neonatal units. We investigated the differences between using a mother's expressed milk, in fresh or pasteurised forms, for very preterm infants. METHODS This observational multicentre study analysed data on 926 very preterm infants: 636 from neonatal units who used the mother's own fresh milk and 290 who used the mother's milk after pasteurisation. We analysed necrotising enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, in-hospital mortality, late-onset sepsis, weight gain, length of hospital stay, the duration of parenteral nutrition and the duration of enteral feeding with a nasogastric tube. Multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the impact of maternal milk policies. RESULTS After adjustment, there was a reduced risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the fresh milk group with an odds ratio of 0.40 and 95% confidence interval of 0.27-0.67 (p < 0.001). No other statistically significant differences were observed. CONCLUSION Feeding very preterm infants with their mother's expressed fresh milk was associated with a reduced risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and further investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical impact of this practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odile Dicky
- Department of Neonatology; Children Hospital; University Hospital; Toulouse France
- U.1027; INSERM; Toulouse France
- Paul Sabatier University; Toulouse France
| | - Virginie Ehlinger
- U.1027; INSERM; Toulouse France
- Paul Sabatier University; Toulouse France
| | - Nathalie Montjaux
- Department of Neonatology; Children Hospital; University Hospital; Toulouse France
| | | | - Jacques Sizun
- Department of Woman, Mother and Child; University Hospital; Brest France
| | | | - Catherine Arnaud
- U.1027; INSERM; Toulouse France
- Paul Sabatier University; Toulouse France
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit; CHU Purpan; Toulouse France
| | - Charlotte Casper
- Department of Neonatology; Children Hospital; University Hospital; Toulouse France
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31
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Nayak BN, Buttar HS. Evaluation of the antioxidant properties of tryptophan and its metabolites in in vitro assay. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 13:129-36. [PMID: 26641976 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2015-0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk contains a number of nutrients and bioactive ingredients which play an important role in the growth and development of infants. One important nutrient and bioactive ingredient of human milk is L-tryptophan. L-Tryptophan is an essential aromatic α-amino acid and is required in the diet of children and adult humans. As an essential amino acid, it is needed for protein synthesis and as a precursor of key biomolecules such as serotonin, melatonin, tryptamine, niacin, quinolinic acid and kynurenic acid, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative properties of tryptophan isolated from enzymatic hydrolysates from human milk and its metabolites on human glioma U251 cells and to evaluate the effects of human recombinant (hrIFNγ) on molecular ions of tryptophan and its metabolites in human glial U251 cells. METHODS The cytotoxicity was determined by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The antioxidant property was assessed by the oxygen radical scavenging capacity (ORAC) method. The anti-inflammatory effect was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. The effects of recombinant human (rhIFNγ) on molecular ions of tryptophan and its catabolites were evaluated by mass spectrometry. The tryptophan was isolated from milk peptides following enzymatic digestion, followed by separation by chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods. RESULTS Tryptophan from human milk exhibited profoundly higher oxygen radical absorption capacity (7,986±468 µm Trolox equivalent (TE)/g) than that of whole human milk (80.4±13.3 µm TE/g). Tryptophan showed a moderate degree of anti-inflammatory activity against TNF-α and IL-6. rhIFNγ inhibited tryptophan metabolism. A low concentration of L-tryptophan (10-25 μg/mL) inhibited nearly 25% of cell growth. When U251 cells were treated with 25 μg/mL L-tryptophan and subsequently challenged with 30 ng/mL of human recombinant IFNγ, a significant inhibitory effect on cell growth was observed. Low concentrations of Xanthurenic acid, L-kynurenine, and 3-OH DL kynurenine were found to inhibit cell growth except melatonin and 3-OH anthranilic acid. Melatonin was a strong inducer of TNF-α in RAW cells, whereas 3-OH kynurenine at 25, 50 and 100 µg/mL inhibited IL-6 in RAW cells. No significant change was observed in the IL-8 profile in tryptophan-treated U251 cells except that L-kynurenine at 10 µg/mL produced significantly high level of an inflammatory cytokine IL-8. Melatonin, 3-OH, DL kynurenine at high concentrations (100 µg/mL) induced proliferation of U251 cells. Melatonin seemed to show synergistic effects with recombinant human IFNγ (rhINFγ) in promoting growth of human glioma cells. While treatment of U251 cells with tryptophan alone and subsequent treatment with rhIFNγ inhibited the growth of human cancer glioma cells, and conversely melatonin combined with rhIFNγ promoted growth of the U251 cells. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study suggest that human milk-derived tryptophan and its metabolites possess strong antioxidant properties. Such effects might play a significant role in regulating the cell proliferation and growth of human cancer cells in a concentration-dependent manner.
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32
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Pérez-González A, Alvarez-Idaboy JR, Galano A. Dual antioxidant/pro-oxidant behavior of the tryptophan metabolite 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid: a theoretical investigation of reaction mechanisms and kinetics. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03980d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Potent antioxidant in the absence of metal ions, responsible for the activity usually attributed to tryptophan. Pro-oxidant in the presence of metal ions; this effect increases with the pH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Raúl Alvarez-Idaboy
- Facultad de Química
- Departamento de Física y Química Teórica
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- México DF 04510
- Mexico
| | - Annia Galano
- Departamento de Química
- Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa
- México D. F
- Mexico
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33
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González Esquivel D, Ramírez-Ortega D, Pineda B, Castro N, Ríos C, Pérez de la Cruz V. Kynurenine pathway metabolites and enzymes involved in redox reactions. Neuropharmacology 2017; 112:331-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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34
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Fujigaki H, Yamamoto Y, Saito K. L-Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway enzymes are therapeutic target for neuropsychiatric diseases: Focus on cell type differences. Neuropharmacology 2017; 112:264-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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35
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McCormick BJJ, Lee GO, Seidman JC, Haque R, Mondal D, Quetz J, Lima AAM, Babji S, Kang G, Shrestha SK, Mason CJ, Qureshi S, Bhutta ZA, Olortegui MP, Yori PP, Samie A, Bessong P, Amour C, Mduma E, Patil CL, Guerrant RL, Lang DR, Gottlieb M, Caulfield LE, Kosek MN. Dynamics and Trends in Fecal Biomarkers of Gut Function in Children from 1-24 Months in the MAL-ED Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 96:465-472. [PMID: 27994110 PMCID: PMC5303054 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth and development shortfalls that are disproportionately prevalent in children living in poor environmental conditions are postulated to result, at least in part, from abnormal gut function. Using data from The Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) longitudinal cohort study, we examine biomarkers of gut inflammation and permeability in relation to environmental exposures and feeding practices. Trends in the concentrations of three biomarkers, myeloperoxidase (MPO), neopterin (NEO), and α-1-antitrypsin (AAT), are described from fecal samples collected during the first 2 years of each child's life. A total of 22,846 stool samples were processed during the longitudinal sampling of 2,076 children 0–24 months of age. Linear mixed models were constructed to examine the relationship between biomarker concentrations and recent food intake, symptoms of illness, concurrent enteropathogen infection, and socioeconomic status. Average concentrations of MPO, NEO, and AAT were considerably higher than published references for healthy adults. The concentration of each biomarker tended to decrease over the first 2 years of life and was highly variable between samples from each individual child. Both MPO and AAT were significantly elevated by recent breast milk intake. All three biomarkers were associated with pathogen presence, although the strength and direction varied by pathogen. The interpretation of biomarker concentrations is subject to the context of their collection. Herein, we identify that common factors (age, breast milk, and enteric infection) influence the concentration of these biomarkers. Within the context of low- and middle-income communities, we observe concentrations that indicate gut abnormalities, but more appropriate reference standards are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gwenyth O Lee
- Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana.,Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jessica C Seidman
- Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rashidul Haque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Dinesh Mondal
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | | | - Sanjaya K Shrestha
- Walter Reed/Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science (AFRIMS) Research Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Carl J Mason
- Walter Reed/Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science (AFRIMS) Research Unit, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | - Maribel Paredes Olortegui
- Asociacion Benéfica Proyectos en Informatica, Salud, Medicina, y Agricultura (A. B. PRISMA), Iquitos, Peru
| | - Pablo Peñataro Yori
- Asociacion Benéfica Proyectos en Informatica, Salud, Medicina, y Agricultura (A. B. PRISMA), Iquitos, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dennis R Lang
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,Fogarty International Center/National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael Gottlieb
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura E Caulfield
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Margaret N Kosek
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Du Y, Esfandi R, Willmore WG, Tsopmo A. Antioxidant Activity of Oat Proteins Derived Peptides in Stressed Hepatic HepG2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5040039. [PMID: 27775607 PMCID: PMC5187537 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine, for the first time, antioxidant activities of seven peptides (P1–P7) derived from hydrolysis of oat proteins in a cellular model. In the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay, it was found that P2 had the highest radical scavenging activity (0.67 ± 0.02 µM Trolox equivalent (TE)/µM peptide) followed by P5, P3, P6, P4, P1, and P7 whose activities were between 0.14–0.61 µM TE/µM). In the hepatic HepG2 cells, none of the peptides was cytotoxic at 20–300 µM. In addition to having the highest ORAC value, P2 was also the most protective (29% increase in cell viability) against 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride -induced oxidative stress. P1, P6, and P7 protected at a lesser extent, with an 8%–21% increase viability of cells. The protection of cells was attributed to several factors including reduced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, increased cellular glutathione, and increased activities of three main endogenous antioxidant enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Du
- Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Ramak Esfandi
- Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - William G Willmore
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Apollinaire Tsopmo
- Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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37
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Baran H, Staniek K, Bertignol-Spörr M, Attam M, Kronsteiner C, Kepplinger B. Effects of Various Kynurenine Metabolites on Respiratory Parameters of Rat Brain, Liver and Heart Mitochondria. Int J Tryptophan Res 2016; 9:17-29. [PMID: 27226722 PMCID: PMC4872644 DOI: 10.4137/ijtr.s37973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we demonstrated that the endogenous glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid dose-dependently and significantly affected rat heart mitochondria. Now we have investigated the effects of L-tryptophan, L-kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine and kynurenic, anthranilic, 3-hydroxyanthranilic, xanthurenic and quinolinic acids on respiratory parameters (ie, state 2, state 3), respiratory control index (RC) and ADP/oxygen ratio in brain, liver and heart mitochondria of adult rats. Mitochondria were incubated with glutamate/malate (5 mM) or succinate (10 mM) and in the presence of L-tryptophan metabolites (1 mM) or in the absence, as control. Kynurenic and anthranilic acids significantly reduced RC values of heart mitochondria in the presence of glutamate/malate. Xanthurenic acid significantly reduced RC values of brain mitochondria in the presence of glutamate/malate. Furthermore, 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid decreased RC values of brain, liver and heart mitochondria using glutamate/malate. In the presence of succinate, 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid affected RC values of brain mitochondria, whereas in liver and heart mitochondria only 3-hydroxykynurenine lowered RC values significantly. Furthermore, lowered ADP/oxygen ratios were observed in brain mitochondria in the presence of succinate with 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and to a lesser extent with glutamate/malate. In addition, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid significantly lowered the ADP/oxygen ratio in heart mitochondria exposed to glutamate/malate, while in the liver mitochondria only a mild reduction was found. Tests of the influence of L-tryptophan and its metabolites on complex I in liver mitochondria showed that only 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and L-kynurenine led to a significant acceleration of NADH-driven complex I activities. The data indicate that L-tryptophan metabolites had different effects on brain, liver and heart mitochondria. Alterations of L-tryptophan metabolism might have an impact on the bioenergetic activities of brain, liver and/or heart mitochondria and might be involved in the development of clinical symptoms such as cardiomyopathy, hepatopathy and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Baran
- Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna.; Karl Landsteiner Research Institute for Neurochemistry, Neuropharmacology, Neurorehabilitation and Pain Treatment, Mauer-Amstetten, Austria
| | - Katrin Staniek
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna
| | - Melanie Bertignol-Spörr
- Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna.; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna
| | - Martin Attam
- Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna.; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna
| | - Carina Kronsteiner
- Karl Landsteiner Research Institute for Neurochemistry, Neuropharmacology, Neurorehabilitation and Pain Treatment, Mauer-Amstetten, Austria
| | - Berthold Kepplinger
- Karl Landsteiner Research Institute for Neurochemistry, Neuropharmacology, Neurorehabilitation and Pain Treatment, Mauer-Amstetten, Austria
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Jiang WD, Wen HL, Liu Y, Jiang J, Wu P, Zhao J, Kuang SY, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ, Feng L. Enhanced muscle nutrient content and flesh quality, resulting from tryptophan, is associated with anti-oxidative damage referred to the Nrf2 and TOR signalling factors in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Avoid tryptophan deficiency or excess. Food Chem 2016; 199:210-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 10/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Zheng L, Dong H, Su G, Zhao Q, Zhao M. Radical scavenging activities of Tyr-, Trp-, Cys- and Met-Gly and their protective effects against AAPH-induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. Food Chem 2016; 197:807-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Nimalaratne C, Schieber A, Wu J. Effects of storage and cooking on the antioxidant capacity of laying hen eggs. Food Chem 2016; 194:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Adiamo OQ, Gbadamosi OS, Abiose SH. Antioxidative and Functional Properties of Kariya (Hildergadia barteri) Protein Hydrolysates Obtained with Two Different Proteolytic Enzymes. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oladipupo Q. Adiamo
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Obafemi Awolowo University; P.O. Box 220282 Ile-Ife Osun State Nigeria
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition; King Saud University; P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Olasunkanmi S. Gbadamosi
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Obafemi Awolowo University; P.O. Box 220282 Ile-Ife Osun State Nigeria
| | - Sumbo H. Abiose
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Obafemi Awolowo University; P.O. Box 220282 Ile-Ife Osun State Nigeria
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Torkova A, Koroleva O, Khrameeva E, Fedorova T, Tsentalovich M. Structure-Functional Study of Tyrosine and Methionine Dipeptides: An Approach to Antioxidant Activity Prediction. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25353-76. [PMID: 26512651 PMCID: PMC4632805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum chemical methods allow screening and prediction of peptide antioxidant activity on the basis of known experimental data. It can be used to design the selective proteolysis of protein sources in order to obtain products with antioxidant activity. Molecular geometry and electronic descriptors of redox-active amino acids, as well as tyrosine and methionine-containing dipeptides, were studied by Density Functional Theory method. The calculated data was used to reveal several descriptors responsible for the antioxidant capacities of the model compounds based on their experimentally obtained antioxidant capacities against ABTS (2,2'-Azino-bis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)) and peroxyl radical. A formula to predict antioxidant activity of peptides was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Torkova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, bld 2, Moscow 119071, Russian.
| | - Olga Koroleva
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, bld 2, Moscow 119071, Russian.
| | - Ekaterina Khrameeva
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Hills, bld 73, Moscow 119234, Russian.
| | - Tatyana Fedorova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, bld 2, Moscow 119071, Russian.
| | - Mikhail Tsentalovich
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt, 33, bld 2, Moscow 119071, Russian.
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Jiang WD, Wen HL, Liu Y, Jiang J, Kuang SY, Wu P, Zhao J, Tang L, Tang WN, Zhang YA, Zhou XQ, Feng L. The tight junction protein transcript abundance changes and oxidative damage by tryptophan deficiency or excess are related to the modulation of the signalling molecules, NF-κB p65, TOR, caspase-(3,8,9) and Nrf2 mRNA levels, in the gill of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:168-180. [PMID: 26057461 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study is for the first time to explore the possible effects of dietary tryptophan (Trp) on structural integrity and the related signalling factor gene expression in the gill of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish were fed with six different experimental diets containing graded levels of Trp at 0.7 (control), 1.7, 3.1, 4.0, 5.2 and 6.1 g kg(-1) diet for 8 weeks. The results firstly demonstrated that Trp deficiency or excess caused increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, and severe oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation) in the gill of fish, and those negative effects could be reversed by optimal Trp levels. Secondly, compared with the optimal Trp levels, Trp deficiency could cause decreases in the mRNA levels of the barrier functional proteins (occludin, zonula occludens-1, claudin-c, and -3) and increases in the mRNA levels of the pore-formation proteins (claudin-12 and -15) mRNA levels in the gill of fish, and those were reversed by the optimal levels of Trp. The negative effects of Trp deficiency on those tight junction protein gene expression might be partly related to the increases in the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and related signalling factors (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 8, interleukin 1β and transcription factor-κB) and decreases in the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines and related signalling factors [interleukin 10, transforming growth factor-β1, nuclear inhibitor factor κBα (iκBα), target of rapamyc and ribosome protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1)] in the gill of fish. In addition, optimal dietary Trp protected the gill of fish against its deficiency-caused increases in the mRNA levels of the apoptosis signalling (caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9) and decreases in anti-superoxide radicals capacity, anti-hydroxyl radical capacity, glutathione contents and the activities of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the gill of fish. Additionally, compared with the Trp deficiency, optimal Trp up-regulated the mRNA levels of SOD, CAT, GPx, GR and GST, which might be partly ascribed to the up-regulation of the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA levels and the down-regulation of Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) mRNA levels in the gill of fish. Interestingly, excessive Trp caused similar results with its deficiency. Collectively, Trp deficiency or excess could cause antioxidant system disruption and change tight junction protein transcription abundances, which were partly related to the signalling factors, NF-κB p65, TOR, caspase-(3,8,9) and Nrf2, in fish gill, those could be blocked by the optimal Trp levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hai-Lang Wen
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Wu-Neng Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Yong-An Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety in Production Sichuan University Key Laboratory, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Determination of reducing power and metal chelating ability of antioxidant peptides: Revisited methods. Food Chem 2015; 183:129-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Free-radical scavenging by tryptophan and its metabolites through electron transfer based processes. J Mol Model 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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46
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Zheng L, Zhao M, Xiao C, Zhao Q, Su G. Practical problems when using ABTS assay to assess the radical-scavenging activity of peptides: Importance of controlling reaction pH and time. Food Chem 2015; 192:288-94. [PMID: 26304349 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Effects of reaction pH and time on the antioxidant behaviors of Tyr, Trp, Cys, and their related peptides (Tyr-Gly, Tyr-Glu, Tyr-Lys, Trp-Gly, Trp-Glu, Trp-Lys, Cys-Gly and Cys-Gly) in ABTS assay were investigated. Results showed that all these amino acids and peptides displayed a biphasic kinetic pattern with a fast initial step and a slow secondary step. The initial reaction rates of Tyr, Trp and their related peptides were strongly dependent on pH, while those of Cys and Cys-containing peptides were unaffected by pH. They failed to reach equilibrium over the short incubation period of 6-10 min typically used in this assay. Longer incubation time was needed for most of the peptides to approach equilibrium at lower pH. The observed biphasic kinetic pattern as well as the high TEAC values for these amino acids and peptides, could be a result of combined antioxidant behaviors of themselves plus the generated reaction products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chuqiao Xiao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qiangzhong Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Guowan Su
- College of Light Industry and Food Sciences, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technologies Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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47
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Martin Agnoux A, Antignac JP, Boquien CY, David A, Desnots E, Ferchaud-Roucher V, Darmaun D, Parnet P, Alexandre-Gouabau MC. Perinatal protein restriction affects milk free amino acid and fatty acid profile in lactating rats: potential role on pup growth and metabolic status. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:784-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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49
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Wang Q, Liu D, Song P, Zou MH. Tryptophan-kynurenine pathway is dysregulated in inflammation, and immune activation. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2015; 20:1116-43. [PMID: 25961549 DOI: 10.2741/4363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The kynurenine (Kyn) pathway is the major route for tryptophan (Trp) metabolism, and it contributes to several fundamental biological processes. Trp is constitutively oxidized by tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase in liver cells. In other cell types, it is catalyzed by an alternative inducible indoleamine-pyrrole 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) under certain pathophysiological conditions, which consequently increases the formation of Kyn metabolites. IDO is up-regulated in response to inflammatory conditions as a novel marker of immune activation in early atherosclerosis. Besides, IDO and the IDO-related pathway are important mediators of the immunoinflammatory responses in advanced atherosclerosis. In particular, Kyn, 3-hydroxykynurenine, and quinolinic acid are positively associated with inflammation, oxidative stress (SOX), endothelial dysfunction, and carotid artery intima-media thickness values in end-stage renal disease patients. Moreover, IDO is a potential novel contributor to vessel relaxation and metabolism in systemic infections, which is also activated in acute severe heart attacks. The Kyn pathway plays a key role in the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease by regulating inflammation, SOX, and immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ming-Hui Zou
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA,
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50
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Wang LS, Huang JC, Chen YL, Huang M, Zhou GH. Identification and characterization of antioxidant peptides from enzymatic hydrolysates of duck meat. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3437-3444. [PMID: 25700149 DOI: 10.1021/jf506120w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to prepare antioxidant peptides from duck meat hydrolysate (DMH) using Protamex. The DPPH(•) scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical ((•)OH) scavenging activity, and Fe(2+)-chelating ability of DMH were investigated. DMH was separated into three groups, MWCO-1 (69.57%), MWCO-2 (9.53%), and MWCO-3 (8.21%), by ultrafiltration. MWCO-3 exhibited the highest DPPH(•) scavenging activity (83.17 ± 0.73%) and was subsequently fractionated by using gel filtration chromatography to obtain fraction B (40.90%). Fraction B5 (6.71%) obtained from ion exchange chromatography exhibited the highest DPPH(•) scavenging activity (93.63 ± 0.13%) and contained seven peptides which were characterized by LC-MS/MS. Among these peptides, LQAEVEELRAALE showed the highest DPPH(•) scavenging activity (93.36 ± 0.53%) and Fe(2+)-chelating ability (87.13 ± 0.47%) and IEDPFDQDDWGAWKK exhibited the highest (•)OH scavenging activity (46.51 ± 0.16%). The results presented here indicated that DMH could serve as a suitable source of antioxidant peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Sha Wang
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ji-Chao Huang
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Yu-Lian Chen
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Ming Huang
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
| | - Guang-Hong Zhou
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, China
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