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Widman L, Maheux AJ, Craig E, Evans-Paulson R, Choukas-Bradley S. Sexual Communication between Adolescent Partners: A Scoping Review and Directions for Future Research. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:984-999. [PMID: 35917190 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2099787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sexual communication between adolescent partners is an important component of sexual health and wellbeing. Over 40 years of research on adolescent sexual communication has yielded rich information, yet there remain gaps in our understanding of the communication process. The purpose of this scoping review was to synthesize the body of research on adolescent sexual communication to identify how communication has been conceptualized, how researchers have measured communication, and what theoretical frameworks have been applied across the literature. We identified 198 assessments of sexual communication across 119 quantitative studies. This work included 127,489 adolescents (Mage = 15.97) from 15 countries (81.5% U.S.-based). Most studies relied on self-reports (93.4%) and surveyed only one member of a couple (97.5%). The definition of sexual communication was highly varied across the literature: in half of assessments (52.0%) sexual communication was operationalized as a behavior-the verbal or nonverbal exchange of messages about sex-whereas the remaining half of assessments captured social-cognitive aspects of communication (e.g., communication self-efficacy, fear/anxiety). There was also a tendency for investigators to create their own idiosyncratic instruments: half of studies (48.9%) used instruments created by the research team with limited or no discussion of reliability/validity. Regarding the topic of communication, a third of assessments (33.8%) focused exclusively on condom communication and another quarter (24.0%) focused on other safer-sex issues (e.g., STDs, abstinence). Notably absent were studies focused on communication surrounding consent or sexual pleasure. Also absent was a guiding conceptual model or theory that could unify this body of work. Overall, results highlight gaps and inconsistencies in how partner sexual communication has been conceptualized, measured, and theorized about in previous work. We provide several recommendations for future theory-building efforts as well as rigorous, multimethod empirical investigations of adolescent sexual communication that would further our understanding of this important aspect of adolescent sexual wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Widman
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University
| | - Anne J Maheux
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware
| | - Elizabeth Craig
- Department of Communication, North Carolina State University
| | | | - Sophia Choukas-Bradley
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh
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Trub L, Doyle KM, Hubert ZM, Parker V, Starks TJ. Sexting to sex: Testing an attachment based model of connections between texting behavior and sex among heterosexually active women. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.107097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Evans-Paulson R, Widman L, Brasileiro J, Maheux AJ, Choukas-Bradley S. Examining the Link Between Sexual Self-Concept and Sexual Communication among Adolescents. COMMUNICATION QUARTERLY 2021; 69:525-543. [PMID: 34707323 PMCID: PMC8545267 DOI: 10.1080/01463373.2021.1969585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to move beyond a sexual risk framework to investigate the possible associations among three sex-positive constructs for adolescents: their sexual self-concept (i.e., their positive/negative feelings about themselves as sexual beings), their sexual communication with romantic/sexual partners, and their sexual communication self-efficacy. We also examined differences in these constructs by sexual intercourse experience and gender. Participants were 171 adolescents who had been in a dating or sexual relationship in the past year (M age=16.32 years; 64.3% girls). Compared to girls, boys had more positive sexual self-concepts but less self-efficacy to communicate with their partners about sex. Adolescents who reported having had sexual intercourse had more positive sexual self-concepts as well as more frequent partner sexual communication compared to adolescents without sexual intercourse experience. Adolescents with a more positive sexual self-concept had higher sexual communication self-efficacy and reported more frequent sexual communication. In addition, sexual communication self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between sexual self-concept and sexual communication. Results highlight the connection between sexual self-concept and sexual communication and contribute to a growing body of work on the positive aspects of adolescent sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Evans-Paulson
- Innovation Research & Training, 5316 Highgate Drive, Suite 125, Durham, NC 27713
| | - Laura Widman
- North Carolina State University, Department of Psychology, Campus Box 7650, Raleigh, NC, USA 27695-7650
| | - Julia Brasileiro
- North Carolina State University, Department of Psychology, Campus Box 7650, Raleigh, NC, USA 27695-7650
| | - Anne J. Maheux
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 105 The Green, Newark, DE, USA 197716
| | - Sophia Choukas-Bradley
- University of Delaware, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, 105 The Green, Newark, DE, USA 197716
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Ksinan Jiskrova G, Vazsonyi AT. Multi-contextual influences on adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections in the United States. Soc Sci Med 2019; 224:28-36. [PMID: 30735926 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Rates of adolescent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States remain high. Norms and beliefs about sex and the use of contraception have been identified as potential contributors to these. OBJECTIVE The current study examined multi-contextual links between norms and beliefs about sex and contraception, and adolescent pregnancies and STIs. METHOD Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to test the study questions in the historical data from Add Health dataset (Wave I, 1994-1995, and Wave II, 1995-1996). Measures of beliefs about sex and contraception were administered to adolescents and their caregivers; pregnancies and STIs were reported by adolescents (N = 13,568; level 1). School-reported data (N = 132; level 2) included sexuality education and prevalence of pregnancies at schools. Community data included the density of family planning providers in each county. RESULTS Adolescents negative beliefs about contraception were associated with a higher likelihood of pregnancies and STIs via their association with contraception use. The opposite effect was found for negative beliefs about sex. Parental disapproval of contraception was associated with a decreased likelihood of STIs, but with an increased likelihood of pregnancies. A greater number of pregnancies at school was associated with a greater likelihood of STIs. Unexpectedly, the number of county-level family planning providers was associated with a higher likelihood of STIs. CONCLUSION Adolescent individual beliefs emerged as the most salient predictors of both pregnancies and STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Ksinan Jiskrova
- Department of Family Sciences, University of Kentucky, 319 Funkhouser Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| | - Alexander T Vazsonyi
- Department of Family Sciences, University of Kentucky, 316 Funkhouser Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
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Disability and the Context of Boys' First Sexual Intercourse. J Adolesc Health 2016; 58:302-9. [PMID: 26706851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The context in which first sexual intercourse takes place has lasting implications for subsequent sexual behavior. This study examines how adolescent disability associates with boys' age of sexual debut, relationship at first sexual intercourse, degree of discussion about birth control before first sexual intercourse, and contraceptive use at first sexual intercourse. METHODS Data were used from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, a nationally representative survey collected annually in the United States. Multinomial logistic regression of a base sample of 2,737 boys examines the likelihood of (1) sexual debut at ages 12-14, 15-17, or ≥18 years; (2) first intercourse with a stranger, casual acquaintance, dating partner, in a committed relationship, or in an undefined relationship; (3) level of discussion about birth control; (4) contraception; and (5) condom use among those who contracept. RESULTS Compared to boys without disability, those with learning or emotional conditions are more likely-and those with sensory conditions are less likely-to report very early sexual debut. Boys with chronic illness are both more likely to have sex in a committed relationship and in an undefined relationship and also more likely to contracept at first intercourse. Boys with learning or emotional conditions are more likely to discuss birth control but less likely to use condoms if they do contracept. CONCLUSIONS Boys with and without disabilities-and boys with different types of disabilities-vary significantly in multiple aspects of their first sexual experiences. It is pertinent that sexual health interventions are tailored to address this diversity.
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Information about Sexual Health on Crisis Pregnancy Center Web Sites: Accurate for Adolescents? J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2016; 29:22-5. [PMID: 26493590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and accuracy of sexual health information on crisis pregnancy center Web sites listed in state resource directories for pregnant women, and whether these Web sites specifically target adolescents. DESIGN A survey of sexual health information presented on the Web sites of crisis pregnancy centers. SETTING Internet. PARTICIPANTS Crisis pregnancy center Web sites. INTERVENTIONS Evaluation of the sexual health information presented on crisis pregnancy center Web sites. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Themes included statements that condoms are not effective, promotion of abstinence-only education, availability of comprehensive sexual education, appeal to a young audience, provision of comprehensive sexual health information, and information about sexually transmitted infections (STIs). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Crisis pregnancy center Web sites provide inaccurate and misleading information about condoms, STIs, and methods to prevent STI transmission. This information might be particularly harmful to adolescents, who might be unable to discern the quality of sexual health information on crisis pregnancy center Web sites. Listing crisis pregnancy centers in state resource directories might lend legitimacy to the information on these Web sites. States should be discouraged from listing Web sites as an accurate source of information in their resource directories.
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Johnson AZ, Sieving RE, Pettingell SL, McRee AL. The roles of partner communication and relationship status in adolescent contraceptive use. J Pediatr Health Care 2015; 29:61-9. [PMID: 25150381 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because of high rates of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections among adolescents, factors influencing adolescents' contraceptive use require close examination. This study explores how different types of partner communication relate to contraceptive use among adolescent girls and whether these associations vary by relationship status. METHOD Cross-sectional, self-report data from 253 sexually active 13- to 17-year-old girls were used to examine associations between partner communication, relationship status, and contraceptive consistency. RESULTS In a multivariate analysis, partner communication specific to contraceptive use (RR = 1.3, p < .001) and "steady" partnership status (RR = 0.65, p < .01) were associated with hormonal contraceptive consistency. In interaction models, the impact of partner communication on hormonal consistency was greater in steady partnerships than in casual partnerships. DISCUSSION Findings suggest that clinicians should ask about the nature of adolescent girls' relationships with their sexual partners when encouraging contraceptive use. Early communication with partners about sexual topics should be stressed, especially among girls in steady relationships.
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Joppa MC, Rizzo CJ, Brown LK, Hadley W, Dattadeen JA, Donenberg G, DiClemente R. Internalizing Symptoms and Safe Sex Intentions among Adolescents in Mental Health Treatment: Personal Factors as Mediators. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2014; 46:177-185. [PMID: 25284921 PMCID: PMC4180408 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about why some adolescents with internalizing symptoms engage in sexual behaviors that increase their risk for HIV. This study tested a mediation model of internalizing symptoms and safe sex intentions among adolescents receiving mental health treatment. Self-efficacy for HIV prevention, HIV knowledge, and worry about HIV were hypothesized to mediate associations between internalizing symptoms and safe sex intentions among sexually active and non-active adolescents receiving mental health treatment (N = 893, M age = 14.9). Significant indirect effects from internalizing symptoms to safe sex intentions varied according sexual experience: for sexually non-active adolescents, HIV worry and knowledge mediated this link, whereas for sexually active adolescents, HIV self-efficacy was the significant mediator. Increasing both HIV knowledge and self-efficacy for HIV prevention are important targets for HIV prevention with adolescents with internalizing symptoms, and careful attention should be paid towards targeting these interventions to sexually experienced and inexperienced youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith C. Joppa
- Department of Psychology, Rowan University. 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, NJ 08028
| | - Christie J. Rizzo
- Bradley Hasbro Children’s Research Center/Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. One Hoppin Street, Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Larry K. Brown
- Bradley Hasbro Children’s Research Center/Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. One Hoppin Street, Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Wendy Hadley
- Bradley Hasbro Children’s Research Center/Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. One Hoppin Street, Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Jodi-Ann Dattadeen
- Bradley Hasbro Children’s Research Center/Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University. One Hoppin Street, Suite 204, Providence, RI 02903
| | - Geri Donenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago. Institute for Juvenile Research, Chicago, IL
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Widman L, Choukas-Bradley S, Helms SW, Golin CE, Prinstein MJ. Sexual communication between early adolescents and their dating partners, parents, and best friends. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2013; 51:731-41. [PMID: 24354655 PMCID: PMC4063897 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2013.843148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed early adolescents' sexual communication with dating partners, parents, and best friends about six sexual health topics: condoms, birth control, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), pregnancy, and abstinence/waiting. Using a school-based sample of 603 youth (ages 12 to 15; 57% female; 46% Caucasian), we examined communication differences across demographic and developmental factors, tested whether communication with parents and best friends was associated with greater communication with partners, and examined associations between communication and condom use. More than half of participants had not discussed any sexual topics with their dating partners (54%), and many had not communicated with parents (29%) or best friends (25%). On average, communication was more frequent among adolescents who were female, African American, older, and sexually active, despite some variation in subgroups across partner, parent, and friend communication. Importantly, communication with parents and friends--and the interaction between parent and friend communication--was associated with increased communication with dating partners. Further, among sexually active youth, increased sexual communication with partners was associated with more frequent condom use. Results highlight the importance of understanding the broader family and peer context surrounding adolescent sexual decision making and suggest a possible need to tailor sexual communication interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Widman
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | | | - Sarah W. Helms
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Carol E. Golin
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
- Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
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Manning WD, Giordano PC, Longmore MA, Flanigan CM. YOUNG ADULT DATING RELATIONSHIPS AND THE MANAGEMENT OF SEXUAL RISK. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2012; 31:165-185. [PMID: 23805015 DOI: 10.1007/s11113-011-9226-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Young adult involvement in sexual behavior typically occurs within a relationship context, but we know little about the ways in which specific features of romantic relationships influence sexual decision-making. Prior work on sexual risk taking focuses attention on health issues rather than relationship dynamics. We draw on data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS) (n = 475) to examine the association between qualities and dynamics of current/most recent romantic relationships such as communication and emotional processes, conflict, demographic asymmetries, and duration and the management of sexual risk. We conceptualize 'risk management' as encompassing multiple domains, including (1) questioning the partner about previous sexual behaviors/risks, (2) using condoms consistently, and (3) maintaining sexual exclusivity within the relationship. We identify distinct patterns of risk management among dating young adults and find that specific qualities and dynamics of these relationships are linked to variations in risk management. Results from this paper suggest the need to consider relational dynamics in efforts to target and influence young adult sexual risk-taking and reduce STIs, including HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy D Manning
- Department of Sociology & Center for Family and Demographic Research Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, OH 43403 419-372-2850
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Warren JT, Harvey SM, Agnew CR. One love: explicit monogamy agreements among heterosexual young adult couples at increased risk of sexually transmitted infections. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2012; 49:282-9. [PMID: 21191869 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2010.541952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
HIV prevention strategies among couples include condom use, mutual monogamy, and HIV testing. Research suggests that condom use is more likely with new or casual partners, and tends to decline as relationships become steady over time. Little is known, however, about explicit mutual monogamy agreements and HIV testing within heterosexual couples. This study used data from 434 young heterosexual couples at increased risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to assess (a) couple concordance on perceptions of a monogamy agreement, sustained monogamy, and HIV testing; and (b) the associations of relationship and demographic factors with monogamy agreement, sustained monogamy, and HIV testing. Results indicated only slight to fair agreement within couples on measures of monogamy agreement and sustained monogamy. Overall, 227 couples (52%) concurred that they had an explicit agreement to be monogamous; of those, 162 (71%) had sustained the agreement. Couples with greater health protective communication and commitment were more likely to have a monogamy agreement. Couples of Latino and Hispanic ethnicity and those with children were less likely to have a monogamy agreement. Only commitment was related to sustained monogamy. Having children, greater health protective communication, and perceived vulnerability to HIV and STIs were associated with HIV testing within the couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn T Warren
- Department of Public Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Pinquart M. Ambivalence in adolescents' decisions about having their first sexual intercourse. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2010; 47:440-450. [PMID: 19707928 DOI: 10.1080/00224490903161639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study, based on sexual script theory, assessed ambivalence in the decision to have sexual intercourse for the first time in 687 adolescents. On average, adolescents showed moderate levels of ambivalence. Younger adolescents, students from the highest school track, adolescents with less positive body image, those with higher love attitudes, those who did not take the initiative to have intercourse, and those feeling pressured to have sex showed higher levels of ambivalence during their decisions. Higher levels of decisional ambivalence about having intercourse were associated with a later age at the time of first intercourse and with a lower probability of contraceptive use. This study concludes that some levels of ambivalence are common in young people's decisions about having coitus as they have to negotiate contradictory sexual scripts, beliefs, and needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pinquart
- Departmentof Psychology, Philipps University, Gutenbergstrasse 18, D-35032 Marburg, Germany.
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McGuire JK, Barber BL. A person-centered approach to the multifaceted nature of young adult sexual behavior. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2010; 47:301-13. [PMID: 19568975 DOI: 10.1080/00224490903062266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Young adult sexual relationships were examined using a multifaceted, person-centered approach with data from Wave 7 (aged 20-21; N = 1,126) of the Michigan Study of Adolescent Life Transitions. The study utilized hierarchical cluster analyses based on the following measured variables: frequency of sex, importance of regularly having sex, satisfaction with sex life, experience of coercion for sex, and sexual risk reduction. Five distinct clusters emerged for females (Satisfied, Moderate, Active Unprotected, Pressured, and Inactive) and represented patterns such as more partners paired with less risk reduction (Active Unprotected), high satisfaction paired with frequent sex and high-risk reduction (Satisfied), or higher levels of coercion paired with low satisfaction and low-risk reduction (Pressured). Similar clusters emerged for males, with one additional cluster: the Dissatisfied cluster. Clusters differed with respect to relationship status, marital status, and psychological well-being (both males and females) and parental divorce, living situation, and sexual orientation (females only).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer K McGuire
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4852, USA.
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Ciairano S, Bonino S, Kliewer W, Miceli R, Jackson S. Dating, Sexual Activity, and Well-Being in Italian Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 35:275-82. [PMID: 16597223 DOI: 10.1207/s15374424jccp3502_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Associations among dating, sexual activity, gender, and adjustment were investigated in 2,273 Italian adolescents (54% female, ages 14 to 19 years) attending public high schools. After controlling for age and type of school attended, both being in a dating relationship and being male were associated with less alienation, more positive views of the self, and higher general expectations for success. Sexual activity interacted with both gender and dating status in predicting feelings of depression. For boys, there were no differences between youth who were sexually active and youth who were not; however, sexually active girls had higher levels of depressive symptoms than girls who were not sexually active. Among youth who were not sexually active, there were small differences between daters and nondaters; among sexually active youth, daters had lower levels of depression than nondaters. Gender differences in adolescents' experience of dating and sexual relationships and implications for adjustment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ciairano
- Department of Psychology, Laboratory of Developmental Psychology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
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Deardorff J, Tschann JM, Flores E, Ozer EJ. Sexual values and risky sexual behaviors among Latino youths. PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2010; 42:23-32. [PMID: 20415881 PMCID: PMC2882187 DOI: 10.1363/4202310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Understanding Latino youths' sexual values is key to informing HIV prevention efforts. Few studies have examined associations between culturally based sexual values and behaviors among Latinos. METHODS A sample of 839 sexually active Latinos aged 16-22 residing in San Francisco were interviewed in 2003-2006. Multiple regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between sexual values and behaviors, while adjusting for language use (a proxy for acculturation) and other covariates. RESULTS The importance attached to female virginity was negatively associated with the number of sexual partners women had had in their lifetime (odds ratio, 0.8) and in the past year (0.9), and was positively associated with women's nonuse of condoms, rather than consistent use, during the first month of their current relationships (1.8). For men, the importance of satisfying sexual needs increased with the numbers of lifetime and recent sexual partners (1.4 and 1.1, respectively), and with inconsistent condom use in the first month of their relationships (1.9). Comfort with sexual communication was positively associated with inconsistent use or nonuse of condoms in the last month of both men's and women's current relationships (2.0-2.2). For women, considering satisfaction of sexual needs important was associated with more sexual partners only among those who attached little value to female virginity. CONCLUSIONS It is important to integrate themes of virginity and sexual desire into intervention curricula so youth can better understand how these sexual norms influence their developing sexual identities and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Deardorff
- Division of Community Health and Human Development, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
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House LD, Bates J, Markham CM, Lesesne C. Competence as a predictor of sexual and reproductive health outcomes for youth: a systematic review. J Adolesc Health 2010; 46:S7-22. [PMID: 20172461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To examine the association between "competence" and adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) outcomes. Competence refers to the development of skills to perform tasks successfully in four areas including social and behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and moral competence. We conducted a systematic review of research published from 1985 through 2007. Inclusion criteria included use of multivariate analyses, a sample size of >or=100, publication in a peer-reviewed journal, and measurement of an ASRH outcome. We coded findings as protective, risk, or no association and as longitudinal or cross-sectional. We considered the presence of two longitudinal studies with consistent findings for at least one outcome to be sufficient evidence for a risk or protective association. We identified 77 studies that examined cognitive competence, 27 studies that examined social and behavioral competence, 12 studies that examined emotional competence, and no studies that met inclusion criteria for moral competence. The evidence indicated that cognitive competence and social and behavioral competence can be protective factors for ASRH, with findings from at least two longitudinal studies demonstrating a protective association with an ASRH outcome. Findings across cognitive, social and behavioral subconstructs and ASRH outcomes were more mixed. There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions about emotional and moral competence and ASRH. Helping adolescents to achieve cognitive, social, and behavioral competence may reduce the likelihood of sexual activity and teen pregnancy, and increase contraceptive use. Additional research is needed to examine other outcomes and the generalizability of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Duane House
- Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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Manning WD, Flanigan CM, Giordano PC, Longmore MA. Relationship dynamics and consistency of condom use among adolescents. PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2009; 41:181-90. [PMID: 19740237 PMCID: PMC3035359 DOI: 10.1363/4118109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Research on adolescent condom use often focuses on the influence of parents, peers and environmental factors. Although most sexually active teenagers have sex within dating relationships, little is known about associations between the characteristics of these relationships and consistency of condom use. METHODS Data on 269 participants in Wave 1 of the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study who had had sex in their current or most recent dating relationship were analyzed in logistic regression models to examine how positive and negative relationship qualities are associated with consistent condom use. RESULTS Among teenagers who had had sex with their dating partner, both negative relationship dynamics (conflict, partner's controlling behavior, mistrust, jealousy, perceived partner inferiority) and positive qualities (love, enmeshment, salience, self-disclosure) were negatively associated with consistent condom use (odds ratios, 0.7-0.9). Asymmetries in partners' age, race and school were not related to consistent condom use. Relationship duration was negatively associated with consistency (0.98-0.99), but the association was explained by feelings of relationship importance. Findings for relationship qualities were similar for males and females, with the exception of conflict, which was positively associated with consistent condom use among females but not males. CONCLUSIONS Although the relationship processes associated with consistent condom use are complex, such processes appeared to be more strongly associated with consistent condom use than were social and demographic characteristics. Programs should focus on relationship qualities and dynamics, recognizing that both negative and positive relationship features are associated with consistent condom use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy D Manning
- Department of Sociology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, USA.
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Bjelica A. Socio-demographic factors influence contraception use among female students of the University of Novi Sad (Serbia). EUR J CONTRACEP REPR 2009; 13:422-30. [PMID: 19117259 DOI: 10.1080/13625180802296747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify some of the socio-demographic factors that influence the use of contraception among female university students and to gain a deeper insight into their contraceptive behaviour. METHODS The study encompassed 597 randomly chosen, sexually active, second- and third-year female students of the University of Novi Sad (Serbia). The questionnaire, specially designed for the purpose of this investigation, covered a number of socio-demographic factors that could presumably influence the contraceptive behaviour of the polled students. RESULTS Statistically significant differences among the respondents with respect to contraception use appeared to be: mother's education, presence of an elder sibling in the family, motivation for engaging in sexual intercourse, talking with friends, as well as self-assessment of the knowledge about contraception. CONCLUSION The identified socio-demographic factors that influence the contraceptive behaviour of female students should allow to devise appropriate strategies for the promotion of the use of contraception by this young population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Bjelica
- Clinical Centre Vojvodina, University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Novi Sad, Serbia.
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[Review of identified factors influencing contraceptive use]. MEDICINSKI PREGLED 2008; 61:151-5. [PMID: 18773691 DOI: 10.2298/mpns0804151b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is necessary to know the factors that influence contraceptive behavior in order to overcome obstacles of contraceptive use by implementing modern family planning programs that have to be based on logistic management and directed to the client. The factor isolated till now are systematized into the two groups: the socio-demographic factors--to a greater extent associated with developing countries and the psychological factors--mainly related to developed countries. SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS OF THE CONTRACEPTIVE USE: The most significant socio-demographic determinants of contraceptive behavior appear to be the age, women's educational level but even the educational level of the husband/partner, occupation, environment (urban/rural), some cultural factors, and high price of contraceptives. PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES AS A FACTOR OF CONTRACEPTIVE (NON)USE In the group of psychological variables that influence contraceptive use it is possible to distinguish: the presence of illusion of fertility control, locus of control, level of Ego maturity, femininity and masculinity, i.e. the accepted gender roles, level of self-acceptance. The majority of the factors show that the presence of personal initiative and assertiveness are associated with higher level of contraception use.
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Widman L, Welsh DP, McNulty JK, Little KC. Sexual communication and contraceptive use in adolescent dating couples. J Adolesc Health 2006; 39:893-9. [PMID: 17116521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2006] [Revised: 05/20/2006] [Accepted: 06/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study had two aims: first, to examine the relationship between general sexual communication and contraceptive use in sexually active adolescent romantic couples, and second, to explore predictors of open communication from characteristics of adolescent couples and individual adolescents. METHODS Data were drawn from 209 couples dating a minimum of four weeks who participated in the Study of Tennessee Adolescent Romantic Relationships. Seventy-three adolescent dating couples (ages 14-21 years) that engaged in sexual intercourse and completed a sexual communication questionnaire were included in current analyses. RESULTS Nearly 30% of couples failed to use contraception at first intercourse and almost half of couples did not use contraception every time they had sex. More open communication about sex from both male and female partners was associated with increased contraceptive use. Additionally, adolescents who were more satisfied in their relationships reported more open communication about sex, and adolescent females who self-silenced reported less open communication about sex. Finally, mediation analyses revealed that boys' and girls' relationship satisfaction and girls' self-silencing indirectly predicted contraceptive use through their effects on general sexual communication. CONCLUSIONS This is the first known study to address individual and dyadic components of sexual communication using reports from both members of established adolescent dating couples. Findings suggest that open sexual communication between intimate partners is important to sexual decision-making. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Widman
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
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Davies SL, DiClemente RJ, Wingood GM, Person SD, Dix ES, Harrington K, Crosby RA, Oh K. Predictors of inconsistent contraceptive use among adolescent girls: findings from a prospective study. J Adolesc Health 2006; 39:43-9. [PMID: 16781960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2005] [Revised: 09/13/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the independent effects of various behavioral and psychosocial antecedents on contraceptive use among a sample of low-income African-American adolescent females. METHODS Stepwise logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios for baseline predictors of inconsistent contraceptive use six months later. Study participants include 375 nonpregnant African-American girls aged 14-18 years who reported sexual activity in the previous six months. Data were collected using a self-administered survey, individual interview and urine pregnancy test. RESULTS Adolescents who were inconsistent contraceptive users at follow-up were more likely to have reported a desire for pregnancy, previous inconsistent contraceptive use, less frequent communication with their partners about prevention issues, and an increased number of lifetime sexual partners at the baseline assessment. Of equal importance was the finding that a previous pregnancy or sexually transmitted infection did not influence future contraceptive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians can play an important role in counseling adolescents about sexual health and dispelling misperceptions that hinder consistent contraceptive use. Findings from this research could have significant implications for the development of effective sexually transmitted infection (STI) and pregnancy prevention programs for adolescents and can help in guiding clinicians toward relevant treatment practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Davies
- School of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0022, USA.
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Trent M, Millstein SG, Ellen JM. Gender-based differences in fertility beliefs and knowledge among adolescents from high sexually transmitted disease-prevalence communities. J Adolesc Health 2006; 38:282-7. [PMID: 16488827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2004] [Revised: 12/24/2004] [Accepted: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited information is available about adolescents' beliefs about fertility in women and its link to sexually transmitted disease (STD) and whether men and women differ in their beliefs. This information may be useful for developing messages intended to motivate youth to seek STD screening while they are asymptomatic. The purpose of this study was to examine gender-based differences in fertility beliefs and knowledge. METHODS Data were derived from the Adolescent Health Study, a population-based telephone survey study in which urban household adolescents from a high STD-prevalence community were queried about their sexual experience, fertility-related knowledge, beliefs related to timing of childbearing, and risk assessment of future fertility problems. Chi2 and regression analyses were used to evaluate group differences. RESULTS The majority of adolescents reported that having children was somewhat or very important, but that the 15- to 19-year-old age group was not the optimal time for a woman to have a child. Regression analyses indicated that female adolescents were more likely than male adolescents to identify chlamydia and pelvic inflammatory disease as causes of fertility problems. Seventy-two percent of adolescent girls thought there was some chance they would have future fertility problems and 58% thought they had little or no control over developing fertility problems in the future. CONCLUSION Additional health education is needed if we are to motivate adolescents to participate in asymptomatic STD screening programs. Involving male adolescents may be a more significant challenge given that fewer male adolescents understand the link between female fertility and common STD-related conditions. Given our findings, fertility preservation may be a valuable teaching tool and social marketing agent for STD prevention in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Trent
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
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Short MB, Yates JK, Biro F, Rosenthal SL. Parents and partners: enhancing participation in contraception use. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2005; 18:379-83. [PMID: 16338602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2005.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When adolescent girls choose to have sexual intercourse, it is important for them to have the knowledge, resources, and communication skills necessary to avoid unintended pregnancies. There are many barriers to contraceptive use that are specific to adolescents, and it is possible that parents and partners could help to support consistent and correct use of contraception. This paper reviews the existing literature on the role of parents and partners, and discusses the implications of this knowledge base for clinical practice. The specific recommendations in this manuscript are designed to aid health care providers in supporting the involvement of parents and partners in the lives of adolescent girls in order to promote the positive emotional and physical growth of adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Short
- University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the past 10 years of published research on human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in the United States, including psychosocial and psychiatric risk factors, epidemiology, biology, neurocognitive and psychiatric sequelae, disclosure issues, prevention strategies, and biological and behavioral treatments. METHOD Researchers reviewed the English-language literature with a focus on child and adolescent risk factors associated with HIV/AIDS, prevention, and treatment. RESULTS Substantial scientific advances have occurred over the past two decades leading to decreased morbidity and mortality in the United States from AIDS-related opportunistic infections. At the same time, rates of HIV infection are increasing in teenagers, young women, and minorities, and growing numbers of youths are living with an infected family member. Understanding HIV risk behavior requires a broad theoretical framework. Comprehensive HIV prevention programs have led to reduced risk behavior among HIV-affected youths and teens at risk of infection. Biological and behavioral treatments of HIV infection continue to evolve and have led to longer life span, improved quality of life, and fewer psychiatric problems. CONCLUSIONS HIV/AIDS has significant mental health implications, and psychiatry can play a critical role in curbing the epidemic. With minimal effort, mental health professionals can adapt and apply the strategies that they use to treat psychiatric symptoms to prevent HIV transmission behaviors.
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Valle AK, Torgersen L, Røysamb E, Klepp KI, Thelle DS. Social class, gender and psychosocial predictors for early sexual debut among 16 year olds in Oslo. Eur J Public Health 2005; 15:185-94. [PMID: 15728133 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cki121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations in early sexual debut among 16 year olds were investigated by social level variables, parental occupation, gender, ethnicity, family structure, family functioning, and individual level variables, future aspirations, academic and social self-perception, and depressed moods. METHODS The variations in sexual debut were investigated by examining proportions of 16 year olds reporting their first intercourse before age 16. The data were collected by self-reporting questionnaires administered to in-school-youth, in Oslo. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to test for associations. Gender interactions with all variables were tested. RESULTS Overall, 25% reported early debut. Independent effect of social class on differences in proportions in early sexual debut were found. Gender interaction with social class, ethnicity and academic self-perception as they associate to proportions having had early sexual debut, were found. For girls the pattern of social class differences was linear and the highest proportions were found among working classes. For boys the pattern was U-shaped and upper managerial and manual working class youth had similar, higher proportions of early debutants. High scores of parental monitoring, future aspirations and academic self-concept and low scores of depressed moods, are protective factors. While high social self-perception is positively associated with early debut for both genders. CONCLUSION Early sexual debut varies according to social class, following gender-specific patterns, among 16 year olds in Oslo. The negative association between early debut and academic self-perception are for boys less influenced by other social and individual level factors, than for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-K Valle
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Rosengard C, Adler NE, Millstein SG, Gurvey JE, Ellen JM. Perceived STD risk, relationship, and health values in adolescents' delaying sexual intercourse with new partners. Sex Transm Infect 2004; 80:130-7. [PMID: 15054176 PMCID: PMC1351212 DOI: 10.1136/sti.2003.006056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the amount of time adolescents waited to have intercourse with past partners (main and casual), and intentions to delay with future partners. To determine psychosocial factors which predict delay intentions among adolescent males and females with future partners (main and casual). METHODS Adolescent STD clinic attendees were approached before clinical appointments to participate in an interview. Data from 205 participants who had previous experience with both main and casual partners were used in the current study. RESULTS Adolescents waited less time to have intercourse with most recent casual than with most recent main partners (chi2 = 31.97, p<0.0001). The amount of time waited with past partners was shorter than intended time to wait in future relationships (medians of 1 month v 2 months (main) (t = 3.47, p<0.0010; medians of 2 weeks v 1 month (casual) (t = 6.14, p<0.0001)). Factors influencing intentions to delay intercourse with future main partners differed by sex; males were negatively influenced by importance of sex in relationships, while females were positively influenced by importance of intimacy in relationships, perceived risk of STDs, and health values. CONCLUSIONS Implications for designing interventions for adolescent males and females are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rosengard
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Cabral RJ, Galavotti C, Stark MJ, Gargiullo PM, Semaan S, Adams J, Green BM. Psychosocial Factors Associated With Stage of Change for Contraceptive Use Among Women at Increased Risk for HIV and STDs. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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