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Davis D, Hogan AA, Hart DJ. Myths of trauma memory: on the oversimplification of effects of attention narrowing under stress. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1294730. [PMID: 39105146 PMCID: PMC11298466 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1294730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The present article addresses claims commonly made by prosecution witnesses in sexual assault trials: that attention narrows under stress, and that these attended aspects of the event are encoded in a way that ensures accuracy and resistance to fading and distortion. We provide evidence to contradict such claims. Given that what is encoded is largely the gist of one's interpretation of experience, we discuss the way in which attention and emotion can bias the interpretation of experience. We illustrate with issues of memory reports in cases of acquaintance rape, where the primary issue is the presence or absence of consent. We provide some specific illustrations concerning effects of emotion on interpretation of sexual consent. Finally, based on what is known regarding priming effects on memory retrieval and judgment, we conclude with discussion of the potential of some "trauma-informed" interviewing strategies to promote false memories (such as FETI: Forensic Experiential Trauma Interview).
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Davis
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
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2
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Tao MX, Hu JP, Zhang ZQ, Chen YQ. The effects of implicit emotion on the use of theory of mind among college students in China. Cogn Process 2024; 25:267-279. [PMID: 38064117 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-023-01173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
This research aims to study the impact of implicit emotion on the use of theory of mind and enrich the research on emotions and the use of theory of mind, thus allowing adults to apply theory of mind more effectively in the context of social interaction. This study includes 120 college students as participants. A two (level of theory of mind: high vs. low) * three (implicit emotional state: implicit positive emotion, implicit neutral emotion, or implicit negative emotion) * two (private knowledge: endowed vs. unendowed) between-subjects three-factor design was employed. This study obtained the following results: (1) The main effect of different implicit emotional states on college students' use of theory of mind is significant. College students with implicit positive emotions use theory of mind much less than those with implicit neutral and negative emotions. (2) In cases of implicit positive emotions, college students with a low level of theory of mind use theory of mind substantially less than students with a high level of theory of mind. In cases of implicit neutral and negative emotions, college students with the high and low theory of mind do not exhibit substantial differences in their use of theory of mind. This study concludes that different emotional states affect college students' use of theory of mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xin Tao
- Mental Health Education Center, Anhui Broadcasting Movie And Television College, Hefei, 230011, China.
- Institute of Psychology, St. Paul University Philippines, Tuguegarao, Philippines.
| | - Jin-Ping Hu
- Mental Health Education Center, Anhui Broadcasting Movie And Television College, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - Zu-Qiang Zhang
- Mental Health Education Center, Anhui Broadcasting Movie And Television College, Hefei, 230011, China
| | - You-Qing Chen
- Institute of Psychology, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
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3
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Wenger LP, Hamm O, Mühle C, Hoffmann S, Reinhard I, Bach P, Kornhuber J, Alpers GW, Kiefer F, Leménager T, Lenz B. Alcohol does not influence trust in others or oxytocin, but increases positive affect and risk-taking: a randomized, controlled, within-subject trial. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 274:311-320. [PMID: 37707566 PMCID: PMC10914917 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01676-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption to facilitate social interaction is an important drinking motive. Here, we tested whether alcohol influences trust in others via modulation of oxytocin and/or androgens. We also aimed at confirming previously shown alcohol effects on positive affect and risk-taking, because of their role in facilitating social interaction. METHODS This randomized, controlled, within-subject, parallel group, alcohol-challenge experiment investigated the effects of alcohol (versus water, both mixed with orange juice) on perceived trustworthiness via salivary oxytocin (primary and secondary endpoint) as well as testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, positive affect, and risk-taking (additional endpoints). We compared 56 male participants in the alcohol condition (1.07 ± 0.18 per mille blood alcohol concentration) with 20 in the control condition. RESULTS The group (alcohol versus control condition) × time (before [versus during] versus after drinking) interactions were not significantly associated with perceived trustworthiness (η2 < 0.001) or oxytocin (η2 = 0.003). Bayes factors provided also substantial evidence for the absence of these effects (BF01 = 3.65; BF01 = 7.53). The group × time interactions were related to dihydrotestosterone (η2 = 0.018 with an increase in the control condition) as well as positive affect and risk-taking (η2 = 0.027 and 0.007 with increases in the alcohol condition), but not significantly to testosterone. DISCUSSION The results do not verify alcohol effects on perceived trustworthiness or oxytocin in male individuals. However, they indicate that alcohol (versus control) might inhibit an increase in dihydrotestosterone and confirm that alcohol amplifies positive affect and risk-taking. This provides novel mechanistic insight into social facilitation as an alcohol-drinking motive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard P Wenger
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Oliver Hamm
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Hoffmann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Bach
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg W Alpers
- Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tagrid Leménager
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Germany
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Mills C, Southwell R, D'Mello SK. Sadness facilitates "deeper" reading comprehension: a behavioural and eye tracking study. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:171-179. [PMID: 37787521 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2258589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Reading is one of the most common everyday activities, yet research elucidating how affective influence reading processes and outcomes is sparse with inconsistent results. To investigate this question, we randomly assigned participants (N = 136) to happiness (positive affect), sadness (negative affect), and neutral video-induction conditions prior to engaging in self-paced reading of a long, complex science text. Participants completed assessments targeting multiple levels of comprehension (e.g. recognising factual information, integrating different textual components, and open-ended responses of concepts from memory) after reading and after a week-long delay. Results indicated that the Sadness (vs. Happiness) condition had higher comprehension scores, with the largest effects emerging for assessments targeting deeper levels comprehension immediately after reading. Eye-tracking analyses revealed that such benefits may be partly driven by sustained attentional focus over the 20-minute reading session. We discuss results with respect to theories on affect, cognition, and text comprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Mills
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rosy Southwell
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Sidney K D'Mello
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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5
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Devdutt J, Sudhir P, Mehrotra S. Development and Validation of the Workplace Affective Events Survey. Cureus 2023; 15:e46236. [PMID: 37908908 PMCID: PMC10613585 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Work, a central aspect of human life, serves vital economic and social functions. There is a burgeoning interest in positive emotions in the workplace, which can enhance creativity, foster social connections, and improve problem-solving abilities. These emotions are pivotal in key organizational outcomes, including employee performance and health. Despite the extensive examination of factors like job satisfaction and workplace stressors, a knowledge gap exists regarding the everyday workplace events that influence emotions and their contribution to overall workplace emotional health. The present study introduces the Workplace Affective Events Survey (WAES), a new tool that can facilitate the advancement of research in this field. Purpose This study aimed to develop a tool to assess daily workplace events that lead to positive or negative emotional responses and the intensities of such responses. The study also examined the relationship between these events and the associated affect-intensities with trait affect, and social companionship at work for convergent validation. Methodology The tool development entailed a multi-phase approach which encompassed item generation, content validation, pre-pilot trials, and pilot testing of the WAES. Participants were entry and mid-level service sector employees aged 25-55 years. Themes generated using focus group discussions and one-to-one interviews were mapped against a known taxonomy of workplace affective events. Expert validation and pre-pilot trials helped in refining the final items. The main phase engaged 300 individuals from nine service industries across 29 organizations in an urban metropolitan city in India. WAES was administered alongside standardized measures of trait-affect and workplace social companionship. Results WAES subscales demonstrated acceptable reliability. Participants reported positive daily affective events more often than negative ones, with the average intensity of positive emotions surpassing that of negative emotions. Notably, trait affect scores and social companionship exhibited significant correlations with daily affective events and their intensity. Conclusions The WAES offers a novel tool to investigate daily emotional experiences in the workplace. The data suggest that a within-person disposition such as trait-affect might play a lesser role in generating positive affective events than contextual factors. These findings underscore the value of creating work environments that consistently nurture positive emotional experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi Devdutt
- Student Counseling Services, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, SAU
| | - Paulomi Sudhir
- Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, IND
| | - Seema Mehrotra
- Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, IND
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Yang Q, Zhang W, Liu S, Gong W, Han Y, Lu J, Jiang D, Nie J, Lyu X, Liu R, Jiao M, Qu C, Zhang M, Sun Y, Zhou X, Zhang Q. Unraveling controversies over civic honesty measurement: An extended field replication in China. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2213824120. [PMID: 37428923 PMCID: PMC10629568 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2213824120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cohn et al. (2019) conducted a wallet drop experiment in 40 countries to measure "civic honesty around the globe," which has received worldwide attention but also sparked controversies over using the email response rate as the sole metric of civic honesty. Relying on the lone measurement may overlook cultural differences in behaviors that demonstrate civic honesty. To investigate this issue, we conducted an extended replication study in China, utilizing email response and wallet recovery to assess civic honesty. We found a significantly higher level of civic honesty in China, as measured by the wallet recovery rate, than reported in the original study, while email response rates remained similar. To resolve the divergent results, we introduce a cultural dimension, individualism versus collectivism, to study civic honesty across diverse cultures. We hypothesize that cultural differences in individualism and collectivism could influence how individuals prioritize actions when handling a lost wallet, such as contacting the wallet owner or safeguarding the wallet. In reanalyzing Cohn et al.'s data, we found that email response rates were inversely related to collectivism indices at the country level. However, our replication study in China demonstrated that the likelihood of wallet recovery was positively correlated with collectivism indicators at the provincial level. Consequently, relying solely on email response rates to gauge civic honesty in cross-country comparisons may neglect the vital individualism versus collectivism dimension. Our study not only helps reconcile the controversy surrounding Cohn et al.'s influential field experiment but also furnishes a fresh cultural perspective to evaluate civic honesty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- School of Public Health, and the Department of Geriatrics of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Research Institute of Economics and Management, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu610074, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, Guangdong519087, China
| | - Wenjin Gong
- School of Public Health and Management, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong510006, China
| | - Youli Han
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Fengtai District, Beijing100069, China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Public Health, China Research Center on Disability, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Donghong Jiang
- College of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong518060, China
| | - Jingchun Nie
- Center for Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, Shaanxi710119, China
| | - Xiaokang Lyu
- Department of Social Psychology, Zhou Enlai School of Government, Nankai University, Jinnan District, Tianjin300071, China
| | - Rugang Liu
- School of Health Policy & Management, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211166, China
| | - Mingli Jiao
- Department of Health Policy and Hospital Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang150081, China
| | - Chen Qu
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou510631, China
| | - Mingji Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Huangpu District, Shanghai200025, China
| | - Yacheng Sun
- Department of Marketing School of Economics and Management, Tsinghua University, Haidian District, Beijing100084, China
| | - Xinyue Zhou
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA23529
- China Research Center on Disability, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai200032, China
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7
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Jackson JC, Dillion D, Bastian B, Watts J, Buckner W, DiMaggio N, Gray K. Supernatural explanations across 114 societies are more common for natural than social phenomena. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:707-717. [PMID: 37012368 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Humans across the globe use supernatural beliefs to explain the world around them. This article explores whether cultural groups invoke the supernatural more to explain natural phenomena (for example, storms, disease outbreaks) or social phenomena (for example, murder, warfare). Quantitative analysis of ethnographic text across 114 geographically and culturally diverse societies found that supernatural explanations are more prevalent for natural than for social phenomena, consistent with theories that ground the origin of religious belief in a human tendency to perceive intent and agency in the natural world. Despite the dominance of supernatural explanations of natural phenomena, supernatural explanations of social phenomena were especially prevalent in urbanized societies with more socially complex and anonymous groups. Our results show how people use supernatural beliefs as explanatory tools in non-industrial societies, and how these applications vary across small-scale communities versus large and urbanized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danica Dillion
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Brock Bastian
- Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joseph Watts
- Religion Programme, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Max Planck Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - William Buckner
- Department of Anthropology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas DiMaggio
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kurt Gray
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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8
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Hafsi T, Baba S. Exploring the Process of Policy Overreaction: The COVID-19 Lockdown Decisions. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT INQUIRY 2023; 32:152-173. [PMID: 36814993 PMCID: PMC9936179 DOI: 10.1177/10564926221082494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Policy overreaction is a common phenomenon, especially in complex and emergency situations where politicians are led to make decisions fast. In these emergency decisions, emotions run generally high and cognitive processes are often impaired. The conditions of policy overreaction are in place as emotions overwhelm decision makers' rational processes. Drawing on the response patterns of three countries to the COVID-19 pandemic, we develop a process model of policy overreaction which describes the effects of negative emotions and institutional isomorphism on policy decision-making. Our model highlights four critical stages: negative emotions buildup, propagation of fear, isomorphic decision-making, and leading to an intractable crisis. This article shows precisely how the cascading effect of negative emotions, particularly fear, is contagious and spreads to generate crowd effects, which bend considerably policy makers' ability to make rational decisions. Our theory provides a better understanding of the process by which policy overreaction takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taieb Hafsi
- Holder of the Strategy and Society Chair, HEC Montréal
| | - Sofiane Baba
- Université de Sherbrooke,Sofiane Baba, Université de Sherbrooke.
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9
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Le Roy B, Martin-Krumm C, Pinol N, Dutheil F, Trousselard M. Human challenges to adaptation to extreme professional environments: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 146:105054. [PMID: 36682426 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
NASA is planning human exploration of the Moon, while preparations are underway for human missions to Mars, and deeper into the solar system. These missions will expose space travelers to unusual conditions, which they will have to adapt to. Similar conditions are found in several analogous environments on Earth, and studies can provide an initial understanding of the challenges for human adaptation. Such environments can be marked by an extreme climate, danger, limited facilities and supplies, isolation from loved ones, or mandatory interaction with others. They are rarely encountered by most human beings, and mainly concern certain professions in limited missions. This systematic review focuses on professional extreme environments and captures data from papers published since 2005. Our findings provide an insight into their physiological, biological, cognitive, and behavioral impacts for better understand how humans adapt or not to them. This study provides a framework for studying adaptation, which is particularly important in light of upcoming longer space expeditions to more distant destinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Le Roy
- Stress Neurophysiology Unit, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France; CNES, Paris, France; APEMAC/EPSAM, EA 4360 Metz Cedex, France.
| | - Charles Martin-Krumm
- Stress Neurophysiology Unit, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France; APEMAC/EPSAM, EA 4360 Metz Cedex, France; École de Psychologues Praticiens, Catholic Institute of Paris, EA Religion, Culture et société, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Pinol
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Health Library, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Dutheil
- University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, WittyFit, F 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, 34 Avenue Carnot, 63 037 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marion Trousselard
- Stress Neurophysiology Unit, French Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge Cedex, France; APEMAC/EPSAM, EA 4360 Metz Cedex, France; French Military Health Service Academy, Paris, France
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10
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Valence-dependent mutation in lexical evolution. Nat Hum Behav 2023; 7:190-199. [PMID: 36443501 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A central goal of linguistics is to understand how words evolve. Past research has found that macro-level factors such as frequency of word usage and population size explain the pace of lexical evolution. Here we focus on cognitive and affective factors, testing whether valence (positivity-negativity) explains lexical evolution rates. Using estimates of cognate replacement rates for 200 concepts on an Indo-European language tree spanning six to ten millennia, we find that negative valence correlates with faster cognate replacement. This association holds when controlling for frequency of use, and follow-up analyses show that it is most robust for adjectives ('dirty' versus 'clean'; 'bad' versus 'good'); it does not consistently reach statistical significance for verbs, and never reaches significance for nouns. We also present experiments showing that individuals are more likely to replace words for negative versus positive concepts. Our findings suggest that emotional valence affects micro-level guided variation, which drives macro-level valence-dependent mutation in adjectives.
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Díaz‐Portugal C, Delgado‐García JB, Blanco‐Mazagatos V. Do cultural and creative entrepreneurs make affectively driven decisions? Not when they evaluate their opportunities. CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/caim.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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12
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David EM, Johnson LU, Perry SJ. Lean on me: A daily-diary study of the effects of receiving help in coworking spaces. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2023.103841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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Ma SS, Zhang JT, Song KR, Zhao R, Fang RH, Wang LB, Yao ST, Hu YF, Jiang XY, Potenza MN, Fang XY. Connectome-based prediction of marital quality in husbands' processing of spousal interactions. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:1055-1067. [PMID: 35560211 PMCID: PMC9714425 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Marital quality may decrease during the early years of marriage. Establishing models predicting individualized marital quality may help develop timely and effective interventions to maintain or improve marital quality. Given that marital interactions have an important impact on marital well-being cross-sectionally and prospectively, neural responses during marital interactions may provide insight into neural bases underlying marital well-being. The current study applies connectome-based predictive modeling, a recently developed machine-learning approach, to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from both partners of 25 early-stage Chinese couples to examine whether an individual's unique pattern of brain functional connectivity (FC) when responding to spousal interactive behaviors can reliably predict their own and their partners' marital quality after 13 months. Results revealed that husbands' FC involving multiple large networks, when responding to their spousal interactive behaviors, significantly predicted their own and their wives' marital quality, and this predictability showed gender specificity. Brain connectivity patterns responding to general emotional stimuli and during the resting state were not significantly predictive. This study demonstrates that husbands' differences in large-scale neural networks during marital interactions may contribute to their variability in marital quality and highlights gender-related differences. The findings lay a foundation for identifying reliable neuroimaging biomarkers for developing interventions for marital quality early in marriages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Ma
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kun-Ru Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ren-Hui Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Luo-Bin Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shu-Ting Yao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi-Fan Hu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xin-Ying Jiang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT 06109, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Xiao-Yi Fang
- Correspondence should be addressed to Xiao-Yi Fang, Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekou Wai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China. E-mail:
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14
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Naranowicz M. Mood effects on semantic processes: Behavioural and electrophysiological evidence. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1014706. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1014706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mood (i.e., our current background affective state) often unobtrusively yet pervasively affects how we think and behave. Typically, theoretical frameworks position it as an embodied source of information (i.e., a biomarker), activating thinking patterns that tune our attention, perception, motivation, and exploration tendencies in a context-dependent manner. Growing behavioural and electrophysiological research has been exploring the mood–language interactions, employing numerous semantics-oriented experimental paradigms (e.g., manipulating semantic associations, congruity, relatedness, etc.) along with mood elicitation techniques (e.g., affectively evocative film clips, music, pictures, etc.). Available behavioural and electrophysiological evidence has suggested that positive and negative moods differently regulate the dynamics of language comprehension, mostly due to the activation of mood-dependent cognitive strategies. Namely, a positive mood has been argued to activate global and heuristics-based processing and a negative mood – local and detail-oriented processing during language comprehension. Future research on mood–language interactions could benefit greatly from (i) a theoretical framework for mood effects on semantic memory, (ii) measuring mood changes multi-dimensionally, (iii) addressing discrepancies in empirical findings, (iv) a replication-oriented approach, and (v) research practices counteracting publication biases.
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15
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The integrative approach in the study of resilience in female entrepreneurship. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ejtd-04-2022-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to understand resilience in entrepreneurial behavior and the major adversities faced by women entrepreneurs and identify theoretical and empirical bases that support the use of the integrative approach as appropriate to studies of resilience in women entrepreneurs.
Design/methodology/approach
In this exploratory-theoretical study, the authors adopted a narrative review of the literature on Female Entrepreneurship, Business and Resilience. The databases researched were: Web of Science, Social Citation Index and Scopus, of which 52 were submitted to analysis through techniques of comparison and contrast between theory, classical studies and applied research.
Findings
The study illuminates the concept of resilience aligned with entrepreneurship and the major adversities of female entrepreneurship. It also indicates the competence of the integrative approach in investigating and analyzing resilience as a complex, functional and emotional phenomenon between women entrepreneurs and their business environment.
Research limitations/implications
This study indicates that the integrative approach can offer an explanatory device about the relationships between affectivity and cognition in the resilient behavior of women when encountering difficulties in the entrepreneurial process. It also indicates paths for future research that can empirically prove the degree of these constructs in the resilient behavior of women entrepreneurs, having the difficulties related to the gender stereotype as a point of interest.
Practical implications
The contribution to the managerial field is to alert women entrepreneurs about the need to understand the role of affectivity and cognition in facing adversity to strengthen their resilient behavior.
Social implications
The contribution to the managerial field is to alert women entrepreneurs about the need to understand the role of affectivity and cognition in facing adversity to strengthen their resilient behavior.
Originality/value
This study provides original evidence that cognitive and affective aspects influence women’s entrepreneurial behavior with the same degree of importance. Therefore, they must be investigated jointly. This discovery brings relevance to theoretical and empirical studies on this topic.
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Chen L, Guo Y, Song LJ, Lyu B. From errors to OCBs and creativity: A multilevel mediation mechanism of workplace gratitude. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 41:6170-6184. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
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17
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Zeng W, Huang D, Li Q, Xu Y, Xu Z, Wu C, Chen Z, Yang Y, Shao J, Wu X, Zhu Z, Wu J, Zeng Y. Negative emotions and creativity among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: the mediating role of psychological resilience and the moderating role of posttraumatic growth. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:194. [PMID: 35996164 PMCID: PMC9395776 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00954-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the study was to use a moderated mediation model to understand and examine the relationship between negative emotions and creativity among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, using psychological resilience as a mediator and posttraumatic growth as a moderator. Methods A sample of 881 college students in mainland China completed a self-report questionnaire that included four scales: the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale, Psychological Resilience Scale, Runco Ideational Behavior Scale and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Results Findings indicated that:(1) negative emotions were a strong predictor of creativity; (2) psychological resilience partially mediated the association between negative emotions and creativity; and (3) posttraumatic growth moderated the positive effect of psychological resilience, such that the indirect effect between negative emotions and creativity via psychological resilience was stronger for someone with a low level of resilience. Conclusion The findings further clarify the mechanisms that affect the relationship between negative emotions and creativity among college students.
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18
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Abbas A, Ekowati D, Suhariadi F, Hamid SAR. Negative vs. Positive Psychology: a Review of Science of Well-Being. Integr Psychol Behav Sci 2022:10.1007/s12124-022-09708-1. [PMID: 35759165 DOI: 10.1007/s12124-022-09708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Happiness, well-being, human freedom, and life events are interconnected. Nevertheless, the debate about human well-being struggles to find an exact definition. Literature debates on the importance of positive psychology or adverse effects of negative psychology in the well-being context discuss separately. However, both counter each other but have their significance and indisputable fact. Human psychology evolves around determinism and Free Will. One type of determinism is hard, while the other is soft. Individuals who are adamant about and embrace acceptance of chances are driven by their nature and psychology to choose negative behaviors under hard determinism. They give up their free will, whereas soft determinists use it to make choices and behave positively. However, the researchers looked at negative psychology as a useful aspect and positive psychology's dark side. We argued that there are reasons to suppose that chances can develop into options and vice versa. From a well-being perspective, negative and positive psychological strengths and weaknesses can be investigated. From the literature review, useful hypotheses for future research have been derived from our synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Abbas
- Faculty of Economics and Business, Department of Management Science, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Dian Ekowati
- Faculty of Economics and Business, Department of Management Science, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - Fendy Suhariadi
- Post Graduate Doctoral Students in Human Resource Development, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Lu T, Liang D, Hong M, Sun J. Regret Now, Compensate It Later: The Benefits of Experienced Regret on Future Altruism. Front Psychol 2022; 13:840809. [PMID: 35465568 PMCID: PMC9021411 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.840809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores how experienced regret and relief evoked in a risky gambling task influence subsequent intertemporal pro-social behavior. We apply a dictator game experiment with delayed rewards to investigate the effect on donating behavior by simultaneously the time delay when the recipient accepts the donation and the emotions experienced by the participant. We examine this effect using a choice titration procedure. The results reveal that independent of the prior experienced emotions, participants’ donations decrease as the time delay rises; the hyperbolic model provides a better explanation of this finding. Significantly, experienced regret impacts the shape of the social discount function with delayed rewards, which is reflected in notably different discount rates. Participants who experienced regret exhibit a lower discount rate than those in the relief condition. Note that this distinct type of generosity differs significantly at the 14-day delay but not at the shortest and longest. It follows that regret can promote future altruism and intertemporal pro-social behavior, depending on the delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Lu
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Dapeng Liang
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Mei Hong
- School of Management, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayin Sun
- School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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20
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Wang F(A, Liu W, Ling C, Fan P, Chen Y. Combating team hopelessness: How and why leader interpersonal emotion management matters. PERSONNEL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/peps.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wu Liu
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong
| | | | - Pan Fan
- Xi'an Jiaotong University China
| | - Yang Chen
- Southwestern University of Finance and Economics
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21
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Gruman JA, Budworth MH. Positive psychology and human resource management: Building an HR architecture to support human flourishing. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2022.100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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The effect of specific emotions on conformity. PSIHOLOGIJA 2022. [DOI: 10.2298/psi200109038d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Various factors can impact the level to which people conform to others. An important, yet unanswered question is how emotions could influence conformity levels. We predicted that specific emotions, which embody an underlying appraisal of uncertainty about the world, would lead people to feel more uncertain and subsequently more susceptible to others? influence. To test this hypothesis, participants (N = 78) induced to feel sad, happy or angry had to perform a highly ambiguous numeric estimation task. In half of the trials, participants were presented with additional estimates ostensibly provided by three other individuals, and were left free to use or disregard them when completing the task. As expected, participants in the sadness condition (an emotion associated with a low certainty appraisal) showed more conformity than those in the anger or happiness conditions (emotions associated with a high certainty appraisal). Taken together, our findings suggest that being in an emotional state characterized by uncertainty can increase people?s sensitivity to others? informational influences resulting in a higher level of conformity.
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23
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Hargreaves Heap SP, Koop C, Matakos K, Unan A, Weber N. Good news reduces trust in government and its efficacy: The case of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine announcement. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260216. [PMID: 34882693 PMCID: PMC8659308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The announcement of Pfizer/BioNTech's COVID-19 vaccine success on November 9, 2020 led to a global stock market surge. But how did the general public respond to such good news? We leverage the unexpected vaccine announcement to assess the effect of good news on citizens' government evaluations, anxiety, beliefs and elicited behaviors in the US and the UK. While most outcomes were unaffected by the news, trust in government and elected politicians (and their competency) saw a significant decline in both countries. As the news did not concern the governments, and the governments did not have time to act on the news, our results suggest that the decline of trust is more likely explained by the psychological impact of good news on reasoning style. In particular, we suggest two possible styles of reasoning that might explain our results: a form of motivated reasoning and a reasoning heuristic of relative comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christel Koop
- Department of Political Economy, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Konstantinos Matakos
- Department of Political Economy, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Aslı Unan
- Department of Political Economy, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Weber
- Department of Political Economy, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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López-Pérez B, Hanoch Y, Gummerum M. Coronashaming: interpersonal affect worsening in contexts of COVID-19 rule violations. Cogn Emot 2021; 36:106-119. [PMID: 34886740 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.2013778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTExperiencing empathy for others has been linked to worsening others' feelings against their wishes. These paternalistic empathic goals have been theorised to happen at the dyad level when an agent aims to worsen a target's emotional state. They may also operate at a broader level when agents are third-party observers of COVID-19 lockdown rule violations. In these instances, agents can impact transgressors' affect engaging in Coronashaming. In three studies, we measured British people's (Ntotal = 767) vulnerability (Study 1), age (Studies 2 and 3), and empathy towards COVID-19 victims and presented them with different scenarios depicting a breach of lockdown rules to assess the emotions participants wanted to inflict in transgressor, the strategies used, and whether they wanted stricter rules to be enforced. Results confirmed shame as the emotion preferred to induce in violators, with this preference linked to higher use of engagement strategies (i.e. to make transgressors understand what they did wrong). Finally, empathy was positively linked to higher affect worsening and wanting stricter rules to be enforced. This suggests that empathy towards potential victims of COVID-19 rules violations can motivate people to worsen the feelings of transgressors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaniv Hanoch
- Business School, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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25
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Gupta VK, Singh AP. Mental Health Questionnaire (MHQ) for Managers: Development and Standardisation. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/09720634211050689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays mental health is being fundamental concern to human being, while work is an integral part of modern life. Mental health is an important psychological attribute that plays a determining role in increasing the performance of employees and reducing rate of absenteeism, tardiness, and turnover of employees in the organisations. Our aim was to explore the psychometric properties of the newly developed questionnaire related to mental health. The items were framed with help of the previously available tools and interaction with sampling unit. Initially, 56 items were constructed related to the emotional, psychological and social well-being, eliminating jargons and complex terms defining the dimensions and its underlying statements so that newly developed questionnaire could be used in variety of workplace settings and items were framed to fit the manager’s context. Only 42 items were retained on the basis of experts’ maximum agreement and this 42-item questionnaire was distributed to participants to take their responses. The sample comprises of 250 managers of first level working in different units of Coal India Limited. The results of reliability analysis indicate that Cronbach’s alpha = .896 after deleting the 15 items from the questionnaire due to poor corrected item total correlation, less loadings and cross loadings in exploratory factor analysis. The reliability statistics fit the optimal level of Nunnally’s criteria and statistically acceptable for newly developed questionnaire. Results of the exploratory factor analysis indicate that these 27 items are loaded on three factors and these three factors explain 42.623% of total variance in mental health. This questionnaire will be useful for assessment of mental health of managerial personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. K. Gupta
- Department of Psychology, D A V P G College, Gorakhpur, UP, India
| | - A. P. Singh
- Department of Psychology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP India
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26
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Yang XJ, Wang XQ, Liu JP, Lai SH, Liu M, Ye B. The Perceived Broad Group Emotional Climate Scale: Development and Validation With Chinese Community Residents and University Students. Front Psychol 2021; 12:686734. [PMID: 34512444 PMCID: PMC8424200 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.686734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceived broad group emotional climate (PBGEC) is a perceived meso-environment emotion, which refers to individuals’ perceptions and experiences of the emotion climate when interacting with group members in daily life, and is not derived from individuals’ own emotions. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a PBGEC scale (PBGECS) for Chinese community residents and university students. A total of 1,408 residents from Chongqing completed the survey of PBGECS, the present social attitude scale, the future social expectations scale, and the social wellbeing scale, which constituted Sample 1; A total of 607 college students from Nanchang completed the survey of PBGECS and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, which constituted Sample 2. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure, including positive PBGEC (PBGEC-P) and negative PBGEC (PBGEC-N). Internal consistency was strong for each factor and the full-scale (α ≥ 0.83). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the correlated two-factor model of PBGEC and the four-factor model (including PBGEC-P, PBGEC-N, individual positive affect, and individual negative affect) demonstrated the best fit to the data, which supported the structural validity of the PBGECS. The interpretive validity, cultural validity, and population validity of the scale were also proved by examining the relationship between PBGEC and socioeconomic status, social attitude, and social wellbeing, respectively. The results show that the PBGECS demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity, which can be used to assesses the perceived emotion climate of an individual’s surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Juan Yang
- School of Psychology, Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Institute of Psychological Technology Application, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Wang
- School of Psychology, Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Institute of Psychological Technology Application, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- School of Psychology, Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Institute of Psychological Technology Application, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Song-Hai Lai
- School of Marxism, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mingfan Liu
- School of Psychology, Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Institute of Psychological Technology Application, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baojuan Ye
- School of Psychology, Center for Mental Health Education and Research, Institute of Psychological Technology Application, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
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27
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Dever DA, Wiedbusch MD, Cloude EB, Lester J, Azevedo R. Emotions and the Comprehension of Single versus Multiple Texts during Game-based Learning. DISCOURSE PROCESSES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/0163853x.2021.1950450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daryn A. Dever
- School of Modeling, Simulation, and Training, University of Central Florida, Florida
| | - Megan D. Wiedbusch
- School of Modeling, Simulation, and Training, University of Central Florida, Florida
| | - Elizabeth B. Cloude
- Department of Learning Sciences and Educational Research, University of Central Florida, Florida
| | - James Lester
- Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, North Carolina
| | - Roger Azevedo
- School of Modeling, Simulation, and Training, University of Central Florida, Florida
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28
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Molet M, Craddock P, Osroff AJ, Li P, Livingston TL, Miller RR. Mere Exposure Effect Is Sometimes Insensitive to Mood Inductions. Exp Psychol 2021; 68:81-93. [PMID: 34405693 DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The mere exposure effect (MEE) is defined as repeated exposures to a stimulus enhancing affective evaluations of that stimulus (Zajonc, 1968). The three prominent explanations of the MEE are Zajonc's "neophobia" account, the uncertainty reduction account, and the perceptual fluency approach. Zajonc's "neophobia" account posits that people have an inherent low level of fear of novel objects and exposure to the objects partially extinguishes this novelty-based fear. The uncertainty reduction account asserts that people find uncertainty aversive and habituation reduces uncertainty. The fluency account postulates that people "like" representations of things with which they are fluent. In four experiments, we induced positive and negative moods before or after target exposures. In addition to assessing the MEE in each condition, we assessed the mood induction. The central hypothesis assessed in this series was that there would be an interaction between mood and the MEE. Although the three accounts of the MEE generated divergent predictions, none of the accounts were well supported by the data. Tests for mood induction demonstrated the efficacy of the induction procedures and the MEE was consistently observed, but Bayesian analysis indicated that at least in the present preparation mood had no effect on the MEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Molet
- Department of Psychology, University of Lille, France
| | - Paul Craddock
- Department of Psychology, University of Lille, France
| | - Alana J Osroff
- Department of Psychology, SUNY-Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | - Patty Li
- Department of Psychology, SUNY-Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
| | | | - Ralph R Miller
- Department of Psychology, SUNY-Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, USA
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29
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Ma SS, Zhang JT, Wang LB, Song KR, Yao ST, Fang RH, Hu YF, Jiang XY, Potenza MN, Fang XY. Efficient Brain Connectivity Reconfiguration Predicts Higher Marital Quality and Lower Depression. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2021; 17:nsab094. [PMID: 34338775 PMCID: PMC8881634 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Social-information processing is important for successful romantic relationships and protecting against depression, and depends on functional connectivity (FC) within and between large-scale networks. Functional architecture evident at rest is adaptively reconfigured during task and there were two possible associations between brain reconfiguration and behavioral performance during neurocognitive tasks (efficiency effect and distraction-based effect). This study examined relationships between brain reconfiguration during social-information processing and relationship-specific and more general social outcomes in marriage. Resting-state FC was compared with FC during social-information processing (watching relationship-specific and general emotional stimuli) of 29 heterosexual couples, and the FC similarity (reconfiguration efficiency) was examined in relation to marital quality and depression 13 months later. The results indicated wives' reconfiguration efficiency (globally and in visual association network) during relationship-specific stimuli processing was related to their own marital quality. Higher reconfiguration efficiency (globally and in medial frontal, frontal-parietal, default mode, motor/sensory and salience networks) in wives during general emotional stimuli processing was related to their lower depression. These findings suggest efficiency effects on social outcomes during social cognition, especially among married women. The efficiency effects on relationship-specific and more general outcome are respectively higher during relationship-specific stimuli or general emotional stimuli processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Ma
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jin-Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Luo-Bin Wang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kun-Ru Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shu-Ting Yao
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ren-Hui Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yi-Fan Hu
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Xin-Ying Jiang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Xiao-Yi Fang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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30
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Magnusson M, Joleby M, Luke TJ, Ask K, Lefsaker Sakrisvold M. Swedish and Norwegian Police Interviewers' Goals, Tactics, and Emotions When Interviewing Suspects of Child Sexual Abuse. Front Psychol 2021; 12:606774. [PMID: 34305696 PMCID: PMC8298905 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.606774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the suspect interview is one of the key elements of a police investigation, it has received a great deal of merited attention from the scientific community. However, suspect interviews in child sexual abuse (CSA) investigations is an understudied research area. In the present mixed-methods study, we examine Swedish (n = 126) and Norwegian (n = 52) police interviewers' self-reported goals, tactics, and emotional experiences when conducting interviews with suspected CSA offenders. The quantitative analyses found associations between the interviewers' self-reported goals, tactics, and emotions during these types of suspect interviews. Interviewers who reported experiencing more negative emotions were more likely to employ confrontational tactics. Specifically, anger was positively associated with the goal of obtaining a confession and with aggressive tactics like raising one's voice and emphasizing the seriousness of the crime. Frustration and disgust displayed similar patterns. Somewhat contrasting these quantitative results, the thematic analysis identified a strong consensus that emotions should not and do not affect the police interviewers' work. Furthermore, the police interviewers described a range of strategies for managing emotions during the interview and for processing their emotional reactions afterwards. The present findings highlight the relevance of emotional processes in CSA suspect interviews and provide an initial exploration of the potentially complex relationship between the goals, tactics, and emotional experiences of police interviewers who question CSA suspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Magnusson
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Joleby
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Timothy J Luke
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karl Ask
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marthe Lefsaker Sakrisvold
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Research Department, Norwegian Police University College, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Scott WD, Paup S, Kirchhoff C. Clinical Application of Social Cognitive Theory: A Novel Personality Assessment Procedure and a Case Study of Personality Coherence. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211028362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel personality assessment method that applies social cognitive personality theory, and more specifically, the Knowledge and Appraisal Personality Architecture model (KAPA; Cervone, 2004 ; 2021 ; see Scott & Cervone, 2016 ). Our assessment method generates descriptions of how personality structures, including temperament, beliefs, goals, and evaluative standards, are activated in “functionally equivalent” situations to generate if–then personality signatures ( Mischel, 2004 ). These descriptions represent models of personality coherence, which we characterize as strong attractor states. We define personality incoherence as nonexistent or perturbed attractor states, in which the situational “if” does not consistently produce a coherent “then” pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving. We provide a step-by-step description of our personality assessment method, and include lists of measures that can be used to assess temperament, beliefs, goals, and standards. To illustrate our personality assessment method, we present a case study of a man in his forties who met criteria for persistent depressive disorder, with intermittent major depressive episodes, with current episode and generalized anxiety disorder. For this client, we describe two “attractor states,” one maladaptive and one adaptive, each providing an example of personality coherence. We conclude by discussing potential future directions and limitations of our personality assessment method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen Paup
- Washington State University, Washington, United States
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Ma B, Zhang J. Are overqualified individuals hiding knowledge: the mediating role of negative emotion state. JOURNAL OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jkm-01-2021-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Despite manager’s investments in facilitating knowledge sharing, such as hiring employees with lots of knowledge, knowledge hiding remains prevalent in organizations. It may stem from that less attention has been paid to the relationship between perceived overqualification and knowledge hiding. Drawing on emotion theory, this study aims to build a mediation framework to examine effects of perceived overqualification on knowledge hiding via negative emotion state and moderating role of team positive affective tone.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a two-wave survey study among 398 knowledge workers from 106 teams in knowledge-intensive industries and tests the hypotheses by performing a series of hierarchical linear modeling analyzes.
Findings
The results show that a negative emotion state mediates the U-shaped relationship between employees’ perceived overqualification and knowledge hiding behavior. Team positive affective tone moderates the U-shaped relationship between negative emotions and employees’ knowledge hiding behavior.
Originality/value
This study extends current knowledge management literature by introducing perceived overqualification as an individual predictor of employees’ knowledge hiding behavior and revealing the both light and dark sides of perceived overqualification on knowledge hiding, as well as its intervening mechanism. The research findings help practitioners to curb such counterproductive behaviors.
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Kim S, Hirokawa M, Matsuda S, Funahashi A, Suzuki K. Smiles as a Signal of Prosocial Behaviors Toward the Robot in the Therapeutic Setting for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Robot AI 2021; 8:599755. [PMID: 34124170 PMCID: PMC8187796 DOI: 10.3389/frobt.2021.599755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored how robot-assisted therapy based on smile analysis may facilitate the prosocial behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorder. Prosocial behaviors, which are actions for the benefit of others, are required to belong to society and increase the quality of life. As smiling is a candidate for predicting prosocial behaviors in robot-assisted therapy, we measured smiles by annotating behaviors that were recorded with video cameras and by classifying facial muscle activities recorded with a wearable device. While interacting with a robot, the participants experienced two situations where participants' prosocial behaviors are expected, which were supporting the robot to walk and helping the robot from falling. We first explored the overall smiles at specific timings and prosocial behaviors. Then, we explored the smiles triggered by a robot and behavior changes before engaging in prosocial behaviors. The results show that the specific timing of smiles and prosocial behaviors increased in the second session of children with autism spectrum disorder. Additionally, a smile was followed by a series of behaviors before prosocial behavior. With a proposed Bayesian model, smiling, or heading predicted prosocial behaviors with higher accuracy compared to other variables. Particularly, voluntary prosocial behaviors were observed after smiling. The findings of this exploratory study imply that smiles might be a signal of prosocial behaviors. We also suggest a probabilistic model for predicting prosocial behaviors based on smile analysis, which could be applied to personalized robot-assisted therapy by controlling a robot's movements to arouse smiles and increase the probability that a child with autism spectrum disorder will engage in prosocial behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- SunKyoung Kim
- Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masakazu Hirokawa
- Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Soichiro Matsuda
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Funahashi
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Suzuki
- Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Gur T, Ayal S, Halperin E. A bright side of sadness: The depolarizing role of sadness in intergroup conflicts. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Gur
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
- Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya Israel
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Liu H, Fang B, Li Y, Lou VWQ. Initially Negative Affect Predicts Lower Satisfaction With Future Social Contact: A Time-Lagged Analysis Using Ecological Momentary Assessment. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:295-305. [PMID: 32060519 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prior research has linked subjective features of social situations with short-term changes in affect (e.g., across days, hours), but little is known about the directionality of such links. Our study examined the concurrent and lead-lag relationships between social contact satisfaction and affect in the flow of daily life. METHOD Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), wherein 78 late-middle-aged and older adults reported on 2,739 social contacts (average 5.02 per day, SD = 2.95) across seven consecutive days, we examined how the level of social contact satisfaction was concurrently and prospectively associated with affect (high-arousal and low-arousal positive affect [PA], high-arousal and low-arousal negative affect [NA]). RESULTS Higher contact satisfaction was concurrently associated with more high- and low-arousal PA and less high- and low-arousal NA. The influence of contact satisfaction remains for predicting greater low-arousal PA (quietness, calmness) during the next social contact. NA (either high- or low-arousal) predicted lower satisfaction during the next social contact, but such sustainable influence was not observed for PA. DISCUSSION The study reveals a cycle in which elevated NA may trigger unsatisfactory social contact, which subsequently predicted less low-arousal PA such as quietness and calmness. Our study provided a more nuanced and differentiated picture of the temporal sequencing of everyday social contact and momentary affect. Practitioners may gain insights from our study into the development of just-in-time adaptive interventions that aim for the betterment of affective well-being in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Liu
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Social Survey and Opinion Research Centre, Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Boye Fang
- School of Sociology and Anthropology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuekang Li
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Vivian W Q Lou
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, China
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Zhao H, Jiang J. Role stress, emotional exhaustion, and knowledge hiding: The joint moderating effects of network centrality and structural holes. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01348-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Palermo R. The Function of Moods and Emotions: Comment on “Can Sadness Be Good for You? On the Cognitive, Motivational and Interpersonal Benefits of Mild Negative Affect” (Forgas, 2017). AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romina Palermo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, and School of Psychology, University of Western Australia,
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Chen L, Guo Y, Song LJ, Lyu B. From errors to OCBs and creativity: A multilevel mediation mechanism of workplace gratitude. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-01120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Rainone NA, Watts LL, Mulhearn TJ, McIntosh TJ, Medeiros KE. The impact of happy and sad affective states on biases in ethical decision making. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2020.1754825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Logan L. Watts
- Department of Psychology, Baruch College & The Graduate Center, CUNY
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Marchi S, Targi N, Liston PM, Parlangeli O. The possible role of empathy and emotions in virtual negotiation. ERGONOMICS 2020; 63:263-273. [PMID: 31647373 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1685678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study is to explore the role of empathic and emotional skills in virtual negotiation, and to try to verify their possible role in different contexts: monetary/non-monetary, in circumstances in which a counterparty is familiar or unknown, and with respect to polite or rude responses from the negotiating counterparty. To this end, 320 participants aged between 19 to 25 years old were involved in a simulated virtual negotiation. Participants were required to fill in a Basic Empathy Scale (BES) questionnaire, they were also asked to report the prevalent emotion they had felt during the interaction, and if they thought they were interacting with a real person. The results of this research confirm the tendency of participants to minimise losses. Although the capacity for empathy does not seem to have a role, the behaviour of participants appears more cooperative when they have to deal with a familiar negotiation counterparty. Emotions appear to play a positive role when negotiating with, what is perceived to be, a real person. Practitioner summary: We conducted this study as part of a Master's Degree programme which was specifically focussed on human-computer interaction. Results show that negotiation was affected by emotions experienced during the experiment, and by the perception of the negotiating counterparty as a familiar person more so than by empathy. Abbreviations: AE: affective empathy; AMIS: assessment model of internet systems; ANOVA: ANalysis Of VAriance; BES: base empathy scale; CE: cognitive empathy; CMC: computer mediated communication; ENS: e-negotiation systems; FTF: face-to-face communication; NSA: negotiation support agents; PC: personal computer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Marchi
- Department of Social, Political and Cognitive Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Niccolò Targi
- Department of Political and Statistical Economy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Paul M Liston
- Centre for Innovative Human Systems, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oronzo Parlangeli
- Department of Social, Political and Cognitive Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Liu ML, Lin CP, Chen ML, Chen PC, Chen KJ. Strengthening knowledge sharing and job dedication. LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/lodj-06-2019-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a moderated mediation model to explain how corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ethical leadership influence knowledge sharing and job dedication through the mediating mechanism of positive affective tone and cognitive meaningfulness.
Design/methodology/approach
The research hypotheses were empirically tested using a survey of employees from the high-tech industry in Taiwan. The research constructs in this study were measured using five-point Likert scales modified from existing literature. The survey data were empirically analyzed with two-step structural equation modeling (SEM) and regression analysis.
Findings
The empirical results of this study reveal that CSR and ethical leadership positively relate to positive affective tone and cognitive meaningfulness. Knowledge sharing is positively affected by positive affective tone whereas job dedication is positively affected by positive affective tone and cognitive meaningfulness. While the relationship between positive affective tone and job dedication is positively moderated by job demand, the relationship between cognitive meaningfulness and job dedication is negatively moderated by job demand.
Originality/value
This study elucidates the ethical influences from organizations (i.e. CSR) and leaders (i.e. ethical leadership) respectively to explain affective and cognitive processes involved in work situations. At the same time, by clarifying the moderating role of job demand, this study provides valuable implications for managers to effectively leverage job demand for increasing employees’ job dedication.
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Sears KL, Papini DR. Psychosocial maladjustment arising from workplace sexual behavior directed at adolescent workers. Health Psychol Behav Med 2019; 7:308-327. [PMID: 34040853 PMCID: PMC8114385 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2019.1653188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the current study was to examine psychosocial maladjustment related to adolescents' appraisals of workplace sexual behavior. Method: High school aged adolescents with formal work experience completed a survey containing a battery of scales. Results: Descriptive statistics addressing frequency of exposure showed that 45% of adolescent men reported at least one incident of sexual behavior directed at them personally, and 24% of adolescent women reported the same. Results further indicated that adolescent men reporting a positive experience after being targeted by direct sexual behavior at work also showed signs of internal maladjustment, such as depression and anxiety. Conclusions: Gender role strain model, which suggests that the male adolescents experienced trauma when conforming to hyper-masculine norms that call for acceptance of sexual behavior, was offered to explain why male adolescents differed from female adolescents in associations between sexual behavior appraisal and maladjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L. Sears
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Science, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL, USA
| | - Dennis R. Papini
- Office of Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs and Provost, University of Illinois at Springfield, Springfield, IL, USA
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The Effect of Mind-Body Exercise on Sustainable Psychological Wellbeing Focusing on Pilates. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11071977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the theoretical model of mind–body exercise and to examine its effect on psychological wellbeing focusing on Pilates. A total of 219 surveys from Pilates participants were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The result of this study indicated service quality has a significant direct effect on participation satisfaction (+). Service quality does not have a significant direct effect on sustainable participation intention. Participation satisfaction has a significant direct effect on positive emotion (+). Participation satisfaction has a significant direct effect on negative emotion (−). Participation satisfaction has a significant direct effect on sustainable participation intention (+). Service quality has a significant indirect effect on sustainable participation intention mediated by participation satisfaction (+). The findings of this study will be valuable data for healthcare experts to establish more effective mental health strategies concerning mind–body exercise.
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Alves H, Koch A, Unkelbach C. The differential similarity of positive and negative information – an affect-induced processing outcome? Cogn Emot 2018; 33:1224-1238. [DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2018.1549022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Alves
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
| | - Alex Koch
- Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Köln, Germany
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Wang SM, Cheng YH, Lee CF, Chuang SC. Endowment Effect: Trading for Oneself Versus Trading for Others. Psychol Rep 2018; 122:2298-2319. [PMID: 30388393 DOI: 10.1177/0033294118802555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Prior research on the endowment effect has tended to focus on decisions made by individuals acting on their own account rather than on others’ behalf. This article reports on three experiments that modeled this “for-self” versus “for-others” distinction and measured its effects on prices. Specifically, our participants who were asked to make trading decisions for other people subsequently reported decreases in the endowment effect. We concluded that, in the context of the trading of goods, perceived ownership and differences in focus on the traded products’ positive and negative features mediated the diminished endowment effect our experiments identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Min Wang
- Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Hui Cheng
- Department of International Business, National Taichung University of Education, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Feng Lee
- Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Chuang
- Department of Business Administration, National Chung Cheng University, Taiwan
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Zhao H, Xia Q. Nurses’ negative affective states, moral disengagement, and knowledge hiding: The moderating role of ethical leadership. J Nurs Manag 2018; 27:357-370. [DOI: 10.1111/jonm.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongdan Zhao
- School of Management; Shanghai University; Shanghai China
| | - Qing Xia
- School of Management; Shanghai University; Shanghai China
- School of Economics and Management; Tongji University; Shanghai China
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Goh PH, Stoeckli PL, Schoebi D. Mood and the Perception of Sexual Interest in Different Cultural Contexts: A Comparison Between a Malaysian and a Swiss Sample. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022118770797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined, on the basis of past findings and theories on mood and cognition, whether people’s perception of sexual interest from others would decrease when they are in a negative mood and increase when they are in a positive mood. Using repeated-measures experiments, university students in Switzerland ( n = 117) and Malaysia ( n = 117) underwent mood inducement procedures followed by participation in video-guided imagined interactions, where they judged the sexual interest of their interaction partners. Results revealed a dampening effect of negative mood on sexual perceptions in the Swiss sample. No significant mood differences in sexual perception were found in the Malaysian sample. Our results suggest that this sample difference may be associated with differences in endorsement of cultural values. The more people valued social harmony and stability, the less likely they were to succumb to mood effects on sexual perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Hwa Goh
- Monash University–Malaysia Campus, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- University of Fribourg, Switzerland
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Pimentel CE, Silva FMDSMD, Santos JLFD, Oliveira KG, Freitas NBC, Couto RN, Brito TRDS. Single-Item Self-Esteem Scale: Brazilian Adaptation and Relationship with Personality and Prosocial Behavior. PSICO-USF 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-82712018230101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The objective of this correlational study was to test the psychometric properties of convergent validity of the Single-Item Self-Esteem Scale (SISES). The correlation between the SISES and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), which also measures self-esteem, and with scales that measure other variables (personality and prosocial behaviors) was also tested. A total of 203 students, aged 18 to 58 years (M=23.49, SD= 5.84), from public and private universities in the city of João Pessoa, participated in the study. The Pro-Socialness Scale (PSS), the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), the SISES, the RSE, and a demographic questionnaire were used. The results showed that the Portuguese version of the SISES presents satisfactory validity. Therefore, as this study shows a correlation between self-esteem and personality traits and socio-demographic variables, it contributes to the scientific literature in this field and provides an alternative for measuring self-esteem.
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